Robert Johnson - Knowledge

1913:, who considered that the clothing suggests a date after Johnson's death and that the photograph may have been reversed and retouched. Further, both David "Honeyboy" Edwards and Robert Lockwood failed to identify either man in the photo. Facial recognition software concluded that neither man was Johnson or Shines. Finally, Gibson claimed the photo was from 1933 to 1934 but it is known that Johnson did not meet Shines until early 1937. In December 2015, a fourth photograph was published, purportedly showing Johnson, his wife Calletta Craft, Estella Coleman, and Robert Lockwood Jr. This photograph was also declared authentic by Lois Gibson, but her identification of Johnson has been dismissed by other facial recognition experts and blues historians. There are a number of reasons why the photograph is unlikely to be Johnson: it has been proven that Craft died before Johnson met Coleman, the clothing could not be prior to the late 1940s, the furniture is from the 1950s, the Coca-Cola bottle cannot be from prior to 1950, etc. 641:(Warner Bros.) Building, on June 19–20, 1937. Johnson recorded almost half of the 29 songs that make up his entire discography in Dallas and eleven records from this session were released within the following year. Most of Johnson's "somber and introspective" songs and performances come from his second recording session. Johnson did two takes of most of these songs, and recordings of those takes survived. Because of this, there is more opportunity to compare different performances of a single song by Johnson than for any other blues performer of his era. In contrast to most Delta players, Johnson had absorbed the idea of fitting a composed song into the three minutes of a 78-rpm side. 678:, Johnson had been flirting with a married woman at a dance, and she gave him a bottle of whiskey poisoned by her husband. When Johnson took the bottle, Williamson knocked it out of his hand, admonishing him to never drink from a bottle that he had not personally seen opened. Johnson replied, "Don't ever knock a bottle out of my hand." Soon after, he was offered another (poisoned) bottle and accepted it. Johnson is reported to have begun feeling ill the evening after and had to be helped back to his room in the early morning hours. Over the next three days his condition steadily worsened. Witnesses reported that he died in a convulsive state of severe pain. The musicologist 496:, whose cousin Willie Mae Powell had a relationship with Johnson. From a mass of partial, conflicting, and inconsistent eyewitness accounts, biographers have attempted to summarize Johnson's character. "He was well mannered, he was soft spoken, he was indecipherable". "As for his character, everyone seems to agree that, while he was pleasant and outgoing in public, in private he was reserved and liked to go his own way". "Musicians who knew Johnson testified that he was a nice guy and fairly average—except, of course, for his musical talent, his weakness for whiskey and women, and his commitment to the road." 988:, himself associated with crossroads. Folklorist Harry M. Hyatt wrote that, during his research in the South from 1935 to 1939, when African-Americans born in the 19th or early 20th century said they or anyone else had "sold their soul to the devil at the crossroads", they had a different meaning in mind. Hyatt claimed there was evidence indicating African religious retentions surrounding Legba and the making of a "deal" (not selling the soul in the same sense as in the Faustian tradition cited by Graves) with the so-called devil at the crossroads. 1022:

conditions. Baraka's words are more directly critical of white writers who study African-American Blues artform and culture from a Western viewpoint, stating that "They have to do that to make themselves superior in some kind of way: that everything has come from Europe, which is not true". Baraka cites that rather than being formed out of any Western context, Blues derives from an African context of its own. The call-and-response singing Lomax argues is different from Blues has been widely cited as being a central aspect of Blues music.

1945:, was the son of Robert Johnson and his only heir. The court heard that he had been born to Virgie Jane Smith (later Virgie Jane Cain), who had a relationship with Robert Johnson in 1931. The relationship was attested to by a friend, Eula Mae Williams, but other relatives descended from Robert Johnson's half-sister, Carrie Harris Thompson, contested Claud Johnson's claim. The effect of the judgment was to allow Claud Johnson to receive over $ 1 million in royalties. Claud Johnson died, aged 83, on June 30, 2015, leaving six children. 500:

performing more well-known pop standards of the day – and not necessarily blues. With an ability to pick up tunes at first hearing, he had no trouble giving his audiences what they wanted, and certain of his contemporaries later remarked on his interest in jazz and country music. He also had an uncanny ability to establish a rapport with his audience; in every town in which he stopped, he would establish ties to the local community that would serve him well when he passed through again a month or a year later.

1197:, he asked, "Who is the other guy playing with him?", not realizing it was Johnson playing one guitar. "I was hearing two guitars, and it took a long time to actually realise he was doing it all by himself", said Richards, who later stated that "Robert Johnson was like an orchestra all by himself". "As for his guitar technique, it's politely reedy but ambitiously eclectic—moving effortlessly from hen-picking and bottleneck slides to a full deck of chucka-chucka rhythm figures." 936: 750: 453:. Zimmerman was rumored to have learned supernaturally to play guitar by visiting graveyards at midnight. When Johnson next appeared in Robinsonville, he seemed to have miraculously acquired a guitar technique. House was interviewed at a time when the legend of Johnson's pact with the devil was well known among blues researchers. He was asked whether he attributed Johnson's technique to this pact, and his equivocal answers have been taken as confirmation. 1675: – "In about 1964 and '65, I probably used about five or six of Robert Johnson's blues song forms, too, unconsciously, but more on the lyrical imagery side of things. If I hadn't heard the Robert Johnson record when I did, there probably would have been hundreds of lines of mine that would have been shut down—that I wouldn't have felt free enough or upraised enough to write. code of language was like nothing I'd heard before or since." 1009:... several serious problems with this crossroads myth. The devil imagery found in the blues is thoroughly familiar from western folklore, and nowhere do blues singers ever mention Legba or any other African deity in their songs or other lore. The actual African music connected with cults of Legba and similar trickster deities sounds nothing like the blues, but rather features polyrhythmic percussion and choral call-and-response singing. 815: 782: 1540:, which is used to describe blues songs that have been widely performed and recorded over a period of time and are seen as having a lasting quality. Perone notes "That such a relatively high percentage of the songs attributed to him became blues standards also keeps the legacy of Robert Johnson alive." Those most often identified are "Sweet Home Chicago" and "Dust My Broom", but also include "Crossroads" and " 1136:" he shows a high degree of precision in the complex vocal delivery of the last verse: "The range of tone he can pack into a few lines is astonishing." The song's "hip humor and sophistication" is often overlooked. "enerations of blues writers in search of wild Delta primitivism", wrote Wald, have been inclined to overlook or undervalue aspects that show Johnson as a polished professional performer. 1749:, little of Johnson's early life was known. Two marriage licenses for Johnson have been located in county records offices. The ages given in these certificates point to different birth dates, but Conforth and Wardlow suggest that Johnson lied about his age in order to obtain a marriage license. Carrie Thompson claimed that her mother, who was also Robert's mother, remembered his birth date as May 1591:(1959). Pearson and McCulloch believe that "Sweet Home Chicago" and "Dust My Broom" in particular connect Johnson to "the rightful inheritors of his musical ideas—big-city African American artists whose high-powered, electrically amplified blues remain solidly in touch with Johnson's musical legacy" at the time of Columbia's first release of a full album of his songs in 1961. 1605:, he identified "Hell Hound on My Trail", "Sweet Home Chicago", "Dust My Broom", "Love in Vain", and "Crossroads" as Johnson's classic recordings. Over the years, these songs have been individually inducted into the Blues Hall's "Classic of Blues Recording – Single or Album Track" category, as well as "Come On in My Kitchen" and "Terraplane Blues". 1070:'s "Mean Mistreater Mama" (1934). According to Wald, it was "the most musically complex in the cycle" and stood apart from most rural blues as a thoroughly composed lyric, rather than an arbitrary collection of more or less unrelated verses. Unusual for a Delta player of the time, a recording exhibits what Johnson could do entirely outside of a blues style. " 424:, with Will and Julia Willis. Robert was at school in 1924 and 1927. The quality of his signature on his marriage certificate suggests that he was relatively well educated for a man of his background. A school friend, Willie Coffee, who was interviewed and filmed in later life, recalled that as a youth Robert was already noted for playing the harmonica and 693:, relies on expert testimony from toxicologists to argue that strychnine has such a distinctive odor and taste that it cannot be disguised, even in strong liquor. Graves also claims that a significant amount of strychnine would have to be consumed in one sitting to be fatal, and that death from the poison would occur within hours, not days. 1995:, a re-mastered 2-CD set of all 42 of his recordings and two brief fragments, one of Johnson practicing a guitar figure and the other of Johnson saying, presumably to engineer Don Law, "I wanna go on with our next one myself." One reviewer commented that the sound quality of the 2011 release was a slight improvement on the 1990 release. 993:

style and lyrics, people said he must have sold his soul to the devil. And that fits in with this old African association with the crossroads where you find wisdom: you go down to the crossroads to learn, and in his case to learn in a Faustian pact, with the devil. You sell your soul to become the greatest musician in history.

1840:(summer 1936), were copyrighted by Stephen LaVere (who had obtained them from the Thompson family) in 1986 and 1989, respectively, with an agreement to share any ensuing royalties 50% with the Johnson estate, at that time administered by Thompson. The "dime-store photo" was first published, almost in passing, in an issue of 1917:(Anderson is the daughter of Charles Dodds, later Spencer, who was married to Robert's mother but was not his father). As a child, Anderson grew up in the same family as Johnson and has claimed to have been present, aged 10 or 11, on the occasion the photograph was taken. This photograph was published in 1473:

recognizes Johnson's contribution in popularizing the innovation, he discounts its importance and adds, "As far as the evolution of black music goes, Robert Johnson was an extremely minor figure, and very little that happened in the decades following his death would have been affected if he had never

511:

Robert was a very friendly person, even though he was sulky at times, you know. And I hung around Robert for quite a while. One evening he disappeared. He was kind of a peculiar fellow. Robert'd be standing up playing some place, playing like nobody's business. At about that time it was a hustle with

47: 1873:

showed him a photograph of Johnson with his nephew Louis, taken at the same time as the famous "pinstripe suit" photograph, showing Louis dressed in his United States Navy uniform; this picture, along with the "studio portrait", were both lent by Carrie Thompson to McCormick in 1972. McCormick never

1164:

When Johnson started singing, he seemed like a guy who could have sprung from the head of Zeus in full armor. I immediately differentiated between him and anyone else I had ever heard. The songs weren't customary blues songs. They were so utterly fluid. At first they went by quick, too quick to even

845:

at midnight. (There are claims for other sites as the location of the crossroads.) There he was met by a large black man (the Devil) who took the guitar and tuned it. The Devil played a few songs and then returned the guitar to Johnson, giving him mastery of the instrument. This story of a deal with

448:

lived. Late in life, House remembered Johnson as a "little boy" who was a competent harmonica player but an embarrassingly bad guitarist. Soon after, Johnson left Robinsonville for the area around Martinsville, close to his birthplace, possibly searching for his natural father. Here he perfected the

420:. They lived on the Abbay & Leatherman Plantation. Julia's new husband was 24 years her junior. Robert was remembered by some residents as "Little Robert Dusty", but he was registered at Tunica's Indian Creek School as Robert Spencer. In the 1920 census, he is listed as Robert Spencer, living in 392:

to live with her husband, who had changed his name to Charles Spencer. Robert spent the next 8–9 years growing up in Memphis and attending the Carnes Avenue Colored School where he received lessons in arithmetic, reading, language, music, geography, and physical exercise. It was in Memphis that he

1916:

A third photograph of Johnson, this time smiling, was published in 2020. It is believed to have been taken in Memphis on the same occasion as the verified photograph of him with a guitar and cigarette (part of the "dime-store" set), and is in the possession of Annye Anderson, Johnson's step-sister

1860:

of the "complete" Johnson recordings, as well as being widely republished since that time. Because Mississippi courts in 1998 determined that Robert Johnson's heir was Claud Johnson, a son born out of wedlock, the "estate share" of all monies paid to LaVere by CBS and others ended up going to Claud

1637:

The pattern "became one of the signature figures in early electric guitar-based rock and roll, such as that of Chuck Berry and the numerous rock musicians of the 1960s who were influenced by Berry", according to Perone. Although music historian Larry Birnbaum also sees the connection, he wrote that

1021:

Both Lomax's and Evans's accounts themselves have been disputed and dismissed by Black scholars and authors including Amiri Baraka and Cornel West. West defines Blues as a creation of a people "who are willing to look unflinchingly at catastrophic conditions", as children of God responding to those

992:

The Blues and the Blues singer has really special powers over women, especially. It is said that the Blues singer could possess women and have any woman they wanted. And so when Robert Johnson came back, having left his community as an apparently mediocre musician, with a clear genius in his guitar

673:

Several differing accounts have described the events preceding his death. Johnson had been playing for a few weeks at a country dance in a town about 15 miles (24 km) from Greenwood. According to one theory, Johnson was murdered by the jealous husband of a woman with whom he had flirted. In an

484:

shared a musical engagement with him in St. Louis. In many places he stayed with members of his large extended family or with female friends. He did not marry again but formed some long-term relationships with women to whom he would return periodically. In other places he stayed with whatever woman

1772:

Johnson's records were admired by record collectors from the time of their first release, and efforts were made to discover his biography, with virtually no success. A relatively full account of Johnson's brief musical career emerged in the 1960s, largely from accounts by Son House, Johnny Shines,

1768:

Five significant dates from his career are documented: Monday, Thursday and Friday, November 23, 26 and 27, 1936, at a recording session in San Antonio, Texas; and Saturday and Sunday, June 19 and 20, 1937, at a recording session in Dallas. His death certificate, discovered in 1968, lists the date

905:. Most significantly, the detail was added that Johnson received his gift from a large black man at a crossroads. There is dispute as to how and when the crossroads detail was attached to the Robert Johnson story. All the published evidence, including a full chapter on the subject in the biography 801:

More recent research by Stephen LaVere (including statements from Rosie Eskridge, the wife of the supposed gravedigger, in 2000) indicates that the actual grave site is under a big pecan tree in the cemetery of the Little Zion Church, north of Greenwood along Money Road. Through LaVere, Sony Music

728:

I talked with the white man on whose place this negro died and I also talked with a negro woman on the place. The plantation owner said the negro man, seemingly about 26 years old, came from Tunica two or three weeks before he died to play banjo at a negro dance given there on the plantation. He

1839:

Until the 1980s, it was believed that no images of Johnson had survived. However, three images of Johnson were located in 1972 and 1973, in the possession of his half-sister Carrie Thompson. Two of these, known as the "dime-store photo" (December 1937 or January 1938) and the "studio portrait"

729:

stayed in the house with some of the negroes saying he wanted to pick cotton. The white man did not have a doctor for this negro as he had not worked for him. He was buried in a homemade coffin furnished by the county. The plantation owner said it was his opinion that the man died of syphilis.

524:

Johnson reportedly cultivated a woman to look after him in each town he played in. He reputedly asked homely young women living in the country with their families whether he could go home with them, and in most cases, he was accepted, until a boyfriend arrived or Johnson was ready to move on.

436:

that this was a divine punishment for Robert's decision to sing secular songs, known as "selling your soul to the Devil". McCormick believed that Johnson himself accepted the phrase as a description of his resolve to abandon the settled life of a husband and farmer to become a full-time blues

1355:

noted "Here, if only through the medium of recordings, Hammond used his considerable influence at this historic event to advocate a position of preeminence for the late Delta bluesman". Music educator James Perone also saw that the event "underscored Robert Johnson's specific importance as a

499:

When Johnson arrived in a new town, he would play for tips on street corners or in front of the local barbershop or a restaurant. Musical associates have said that in live performances Johnson often did not focus on his dark and complex original compositions, but instead pleased audiences by

1515:

Johnson's influence upon Elmore James's music always remained powerful: his falsetto voice, almost shrill, and the intensive use of the "walking" bass notes of the boogie-woogie, several pieces of James' repertoire were borrowed from Johnson (e.g, "Dust My Broom", "Rambling on My Mind", and

207:

musician and songwriter. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Although his recording career spanned only seven months, he is recognized as a master of the blues,

1413:. He focused on the two Johnson recordings that referred to images of the devil or hell – "Hellhound on My Trail" and "Me and the Devil Blues" – to suggest that Johnson was a deeply troubled individual. Charters also included Johnson's "Preachin' Blues" on 431:

Once Julia informed Robert about his biological father, Robert adopted the surname Johnson, using it on the certificate of his marriage to fourteen-year-old Virginia Travis in February 1929. She died in childbirth shortly after. Surviving relatives of Virginia told the blues researcher

384:, possibly on May 8, 1911, to Julia Major Dodds (born October 1874) and Noah Johnson (born December 1884). Julia was married to Charles Dodds (born February 1865), a relatively prosperous landowner and furniture maker, with whom she had ten children. Charles Dodds had been forced by a 1017:

dismissed the myth, stating, "In fact, every blues fiddler, banjo picker, harp blower, piano strummer and guitar framer was, in the opinion of both himself and his peers, a child of the Devil, a consequence of the black view of the European dance embrace as sinful in the extreme".

1642:

inducted Johnson as an early influence in its first induction ceremony, in 1986, almost a half century after his death. It also included four of his songs it deemed to have shaped the genre: "Sweet Home Chicago", "Cross Road Blues", "Hellhound on My Trail", and "Love in Vain".

1464:

added: "Some of the things that Robert did with the guitar affected the way everybody played. In the early thirties, boogie was rare on the guitar, something to be heard." Conforth and Wardlow call it "one of the most important riffs in blues music" and music historian

1309:. Lonnie Johnson's influence is even clearer in two other departures from the usual Delta style: "Malted Milk" and "Drunken Hearted Man". Both copy the arrangement of Lonnie Johnson's "Life Saver Blues". The two takes of "Me and the Devil Blues" show the influence of 1350:

concert in New York City, as he was unaware that Johnson had died in August. Instead, Hammond played two of his recordings, "Walkin' Blues" and "Preachin' Blues (Up Jumped the Devil)", for the audience and "praised Johnson lavishly from the stage". Music historian

669:

and it was suspected later by medical professionals that this may have been a contributing factor in his death. However, 30 years of local oral tradition had, like the rest of his life story, built a legend which has filled in gaps in the scant historical record.

953:

magazine, makes the story clearer. Johnson and Ike Zimmerman did practice in a graveyard at night, because it was quiet and no one would disturb them, but it was not the Hazlehurst cemetery as had been believed: Zimmerman was not from Hazlehurst but nearby

354:

as Johnson, were attempts to document his life, and demonstrated the difficulties arising from the scant historical record and conflicting oral accounts. Over the years, the significance of Johnson and his music has been recognized by the Rock and Roll,

2248:

featured the murder of a Blues enthusiast involved in seeking to identify the crossroads at which Robert Johnson had supposedly met the Devil. Entitled "Jinksy Sings the Blues", it was Episode 2 of Series 4 and was broadcast in the UK on 28 July 2024.

840:

According to legend, as a young man living on a plantation in rural Mississippi, Johnson had a tremendous desire to become a great blues musician. One of the legends often told says that Johnson was instructed to take his guitar to a crossroad near

1431:

Johnson is mentioned as one of the Delta artists who was a strong influence on blues singers in post-war styles. However, it is Johnson's guitar technique that is often identified as his greatest contribution. Blues historian Edward Komara wrote:

893:

as an explanation of Johnson's astonishingly rapid mastery of the guitar. Other interviewers failed to elicit any confirmation from House and there were two full years between House's observation of Johnson as first a novice and then a master.

1983:, a two-disc set, released on August 28, 1990, contains almost everything Johnson recorded, with all 29 recordings, and 12 alternate takes. Another alternate take of "Traveling Riverside Blues" was released by Sony on the CD reissue of 1831:. Shines, Edwards and Robert Lockwood contribute interviews. These published biographical sketches achieve coherent narratives, partly by ignoring reminiscences and hearsay accounts which contradict or conflict with other accounts. 723:

registrar, Cornelia Jordan, years later and after conducting an investigation into Johnson's death for the state director of vital statistics, R. N. Whitfield, wrote a clarifying note on the back of Johnson's death certificate:

1510:

is the best known and is responsible for popularizing Johnson's "Dust My Broom". In 1951, he recast the song as a Chicago-style blues, with electric slide guitar and a backing band. According to blues historian Gerard Herhaft:

1274:" successfully blends several of Johnson's disparate influences. The form, including the wordless last verse, follows Leroy Carr's last hit "When the Sun Goes Down"; the words of the last sung verse come directly from a song 961:

While Dockery, Hazlehurst and Beauregard have each been claimed as the locations of the mythical crossroads, there are also tourist attractions claiming to be "The Crossroads" in both Clarksdale and Memphis. Residents of

1401:": "His dynamic rhythms and subtle nuances on the guitar and his startling disregard for familiar scale and harmony patterns show similarity to the work of Robert Johnson, who made many fine records in this vein." 1267:", the influence of Skip James is evident in James's "Devil Got My Woman", but the lyrics rise to the level of first-rate poetry, and Johnson sings with a strained voice found nowhere else in his recorded output. 958:, and he did not practice in one graveyard, but in several in the area. Johnson spent about a year living with and learning from Zimmerman, who ultimately accompanied Johnson back to the Delta to look after him. 512:

him as well as a pleasure. And money'd be coming from all directions. But Robert'd just pick up and walk off and leave you standing there playing. And you wouldn't see Robert no more maybe in two or three weeks.

1790:

began researching Johnson's family background in 1972, but died in 2015 without publishing his findings. McCormick's research eventually became as much a legend as Johnson himself. In 1982, McCormick permitted

485:

he was able to seduce at his performance. In each location, Johnson's hosts were largely ignorant of his life elsewhere. He used different names in different places, employing at least eight distinct surnames.

250:

where he spent most of his time. Much of his story has been reconstructed by researchers. Johnson's poorly documented life and death have given rise to legends. The one most often associated with him is that

1363:

for a U.S. government conference. Lomax's notations for the entries range from "elaborate sex symbolism" ("Terraplane Blues"), "very nice love song" ("I'm a Steady Rollin' Man"), to "traces of voodoo" ("

1165:

get. They jumped all over the place in range and subject matter, short punchy verses that resulted in some panoramic story-fires of mankind blasting off the surface of this spinning piece of plastic.

503:

Shines was 20 when he met Johnson in 1936. He estimated Johnson was maybe a year older than himself (Johnson was actually four years older). Shines is quoted describing Johnson in Samuel Charters's

1963:

in 1937 and 1938, with additional pressings by ARC budget labels. In 1939, a twelfth was issued posthumously. Johnson's estate holds the copyrights to his songs. In 1961, Columbia Records released

1633:... subtly altered the swing feel of the boogie blues into a more driving, straight 4/4 meter while still maintaining a limber lilt that is often missing in the countless imitations that followed. 1520:

James' version is identified as "one of the first recorded examples of what was to become the classic Chicago shuffle beat". The style often associated with Chicago blues was used extensively by

1669:(2004). Clapton feels that rather than trying to recreate Johnson's originals, "I was trying to extract as much emotional content from it as I could, while respecting the form at the same time." 317:

have cited both Johnson's lyrics and musicianship as key influences on their own work. Many of Johnson's songs have been covered over the years, becoming hits for other artists, and his

1803:. Later research has sought to confirm this account or to add minor details. A revised summary acknowledging major informants was written by Stephen LaVere for the booklet accompanying 1969:, an album representing the first modern-era release of Johnson's performances, which started the "re-discovery" of Johnson as blues artist. In 1970, Columbia issued a second volume, 1336:

magazine in March 1937, around the time of the release of Johnson's first record. In it, he described Johnson as "the greatest Negro blues singer who has cropped up in recent years

1098:

To the uninitiated, Johnson's recordings may sound like just another dusty Delta blues musician wailing away. But a careful listen reveals that Johnson was a revisionist in his time

661:

researching Johnson's life, found Johnson's death certificate, which listed only the date and location, with no official cause of death. No formal autopsy had been done. Instead, a

606:

in San Antonio. In the ensuing three-day session, Johnson played 16 selections and recorded alternate takes for most of them. Among the songs Johnson recorded in San Antonio were "

520:

During this time Johnson established what would be a relatively long-term relationship with Estella Coleman, a woman about 15 years his senior and the mother of the blues musician

4652: 1456:, because he was the first to record a song in 1935 using it. However, Temple confirmed that he had learned the technique from Johnson: "He was the first one I ever heard use it 291:

went to Mississippi in 1941 to record Johnson, also not knowing of his death. Law, who by then worked for Columbia Records, assembled a collection of Johnson's recordings titled

6099: 1713: – "Robert Johnson knocked me out—he was a genius. both were big influences on my acoustic slide playing." He recorded "Dust My Broom" with additional guitar by 976:. The blues historian Steve Cheseborough wrote that it may be impossible to discover the exact location of the mythical crossroads, because "Robert Johnson was a rambling guy". 733:

In 2006, a medical practitioner, David Connell, suggested, on the basis of photographs showing Johnson's "unnaturally long fingers" and "one bad eye", that Johnson may have had

396:

Robert rejoined his mother around 1919–1920 after she married an illiterate sharecropper named Will "Dusty" Willis. They originally settled on a plantation in Lucas Township in

1861:

Johnson, and attempts by the heirs of Carrie Thompson to obtain a ruling that the photographs were her personal property and not part of the estate were dismissed. In his book

598:, who ran a general store and also acted as a talent scout. Speir put Johnson in touch with Ernie Oertle, who, as a salesman for the ARC group of labels, introduced Johnson to 1548:'s 1933 "Old Original Kokomo Blues", "Johnson's lyrics made the song a natural for Chicago bluesmen, and it's his version that survived in the repertoires of performers like 297:

that was released by Columbia in 1961. It is credited with finally bringing Johnson's work to a wider audience. The album would become influential, especially in the nascent

1379:. The authors described Johnson's vocals as "imaginative" and "thrilling" and his guitar playing as "exciting as almost anything in the folk blues field". Music writer 324:

Renewed interest in Johnson's work and life led to a burst of scholarship starting in the 1960s. Much of what is known about him was reconstructed by researchers such as

6857: 2926: 1663: – "Robert Johnson to me is the most important blues musician who ever lived". He recorded several of Johnson's songs as well as an entire tribute album, 682:

claimed to have tracked down the man who murdered Johnson and to have obtained a confession from him in a personal interview, but he declined to reveal the man's name.

4947: 393:

acquired his love for, and knowledge of, the blues and popular music. His education and urban context placed him apart from most of his contemporary blues musicians.

5502: 5210: 8412: 2437: 223:, and at Saturday night dances, Johnson had little commercial success or public recognition in his lifetime. He participated in only two recording sessions, one in 5357: 2201:

opens with the lines "Robert Johnson went to the crossroads, so the legend goes/He left with his guitar, but the Devil took his soul, the Devil took his soul."

1884:

reported that the museum had agreed to return the photograph and was awaiting instructions from the Johnson family. This photograph has never been made public.

476:, and the smaller towns of the Mississippi Delta and neighboring regions of Mississippi and Arkansas. On occasion, he traveled much further. The blues musician 2053: 456:

While living in Martinsville, Johnson fathered a child with Vergie Mae Smith. He married Caletta Craft in May 1931. In 1932, the couple settled for a while in

2234:

by Robert Johnson, chronicles a fictional version of Johnson's life, as a man called "RJ" who sells his soul to the devil for a talent for playing the blues.

984:

Some scholars have argued that the devil in these songs may refer not only to the Christian figure of Satan but also to the trickster god of African origin,

388:

mob to leave Hazlehurst following a dispute with white landowners. Julia left Hazlehurst with baby Robert, but in less than two years she brought the boy to

4752: 1524:

beginning with his first record "High and Lonesome" in 1953. Sometimes called "the trademark Reed shuffle" (although also associated his second guitarist,

928:

In another version, Ledell placed the meeting not at a crossroads but in a graveyard. This resembles the story told to Steve LaVere that Ike Zimmerman of

8733: 2214:, "King of The Delta Blues", the protagonists travel back to San Antonio in 1936 when Robert Johnson (portrayed by Kamahl Naiqui) and Don Law (played by 1189:

Johnson mastered the guitar, being considered today one of the all-time greats on the instrument. His approach was complex and musically advanced. When

8758: 1681: – "A lot of English musicians were very fired up by Robert Johnson whom we all owe more or less our existence, I guess, in some way". 885:, Edward Komara and Elijah Wald, who sees the legend as largely dating from Johnson's rediscovery by white fans more than two decades after his death. 8633: 757:

The true location of Johnson's grave is unknown; three different markers have been erected at possible sites in church cemeteries outside Greenwood.

716:, and the poison was sufficient to cause them to hemorrhage. He died after two days of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bleeding from the mouth. 3304: 4905: 4425: 3497: 6052:

Hoodoo, Conjuration, Witchcraft, Rootwork: Beliefs Accepted by Many Negroes and White Persons, These Being Orally Recorded Among Blacks and Whites

4724: 1653:, commented, "His 'Stop Breakin' Down Blues' from 1937 is so far ahead of its time that the song could easily have been a rock demo cut in 1954." 246:, with a few released after his death. Other than these recordings, very little was known of his life outside of the small musical circuit in the 6850: 5389: 4806: 932:, learned to play the guitar at midnight while sitting on tombstones. Zimmerman is believed to have influenced the playing of the young Johnson. 5248: 2583: 6608: 6124: 5439: 2034: 1979: 1857: 1805: 1874:

returned the photograph of Johnson in his uniform, keeping it in his archive until his death. McCormick's daughter donated the archive to the

8718: 8405: 5886: 1066:, with "a full-fledged, abundantly varied musical arrangement". The song was part of a cycle of spin-offs and response songs that began with 8713: 8628: 8425: 488:

Biographers have looked for consistency from musicians who knew Johnson in different contexts: Shines, who traveled extensively with him;

8738: 5177: 4901: 1925:, written by Anderson in collaboration with author Preston Lauterbach, and is considered to be authentic by Johnson scholar Elijah Wald. 1783:

who had recorded Johnson in 1936. Law added to the mystique surrounding Johnson, representing him as very young and extraordinarily shy.

5412: 2826: 8678: 6843: 4641: 761:

Research in the 1980s and 1990s strongly suggests Johnson was buried in the graveyard of the Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church near

6533: 5532: 2241:

includes the lyrics "I went back into my past and then I sped it up/Robert Johnson, Winehouse and Morrison found where heaven was..."

828:(1991), suggests that owing to poverty and lack of transportation Johnson is most likely to have been buried in a pauper's grave (or " 8708: 8663: 8638: 4305: 1448:

This technique has been called a "boogie bass pattern" or "boogie shuffle" and is described as a "fifth–sixth oscillation above the

708:. This was "a common way of poisoning people in the rural South", but was rarely fatal. However, Johnson had been diagnosed with an 2305: 1251:... Son House rawness", but the train imitation on the bridge is not at all typical of Delta blues—it is more like something out of 8398: 6601: 6570: 1971: 1263:" in the older bluesman's vocal and guitar style (House's chronology has been questioned by Guralnick). As with the first take of " 1102:... Johnson's tortured soul vocals and anxiety-ridden guitar playing aren't found in the cotton-field blues of his contemporaries. 1054:

to jazz and pop licks, and for his ability to pick up guitar parts almost instantly upon hearing a song. His first recorded song, "

1506:

were among those who kept his music alive through performing his songs and using his guitar techniques. Fellow Mississippi native

1444:... This is the aspect of his music that most changed the Delta blues practice and is most retained in the blues guitar tradition. 1330:

was an early advocate of Johnson's music. Using the pen-name Henry Johnson, he wrote his first article on Robert Johnson for the

5490: 1359:

In 1940, nine of Johnson's songs were included on a "List of American Folk Songs on Commercial Records" prepared by musicologist

556:. In the last year of his life, Johnson is believed to have traveled to St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, and New York City. In 1938, 4115: 428:. Coffee recalled that Robert was absent for long periods, which suggests that he may have been living and studying in Memphis. 8743: 8263: 4862: 602:

to record his first sessions in San Antonio, Texas. The recording session was held on November 23–25, 1936, in room 414 of the

5550: 4087: 1703:... he came out with such compelling themes just the way they were treated, apart from the music and the performance, ." The 6465: 6413: 6390: 6367: 6344: 6321: 6298: 6249: 6226: 6072: 6040: 5968: 5946: 5807: 5748: 5631: 5608: 5585: 5219: 364: 235:. These songs, recorded solo in improvised studios, were the totality of his recorded output. Most were released as 10-inch, 5510: 4961: 689:

has been suggested as the poison that killed Johnson, at least one scholar has disputed the notion. Tom Graves, in his book

8753: 8723: 8643: 2935:, pp. 39–43: Johnson being poisoned by a jealous husband who put strychnine in his whiskey is a frequently given scenario. 857:, to whom Robert Johnson was unrelated. Tommy Johnson, who grew up near the Dockery Plantation and learned the blues from 8703: 8683: 2218:) were recording Johnson's first album in a hotel room. The episode incorporates a bit of Johnson's singing and playing. 1699: – "I've never heard anybody before or since use the form and bend it so much to make it work for himself 1559:

In the first decades after Johnsons' death, these songs, with some variations in the titles and lyrics, were recorded by

460:, in the Delta, but Johnson soon left for a career as a "walking" or itinerant musician, and Caletta died in early 1933. 5367: 2152:

No. 71 on its list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (down from No. 5 on its 2003 list chosen by

1761:

gives his age as 7, suggesting he was born in 1912 or 1913, the entry showing his attendance at Indian Creek School, in

1629:

his utilization of the bass-string cut-boogie patterns popularized by Robert Johnson on songs like "Sweet Home Chicago"

1371:", "Cross Road Blues"). In 1942, commentary on Johnson's "Terraplane Blues" and "Last Fair Deal Gone Down" appeared in 773:, was placed at this location in 1990, paid for by Columbia Records and numerous smaller contributions made through the 665:

examination was done to file the death certificate, and no immediate cause of death was determined. It is likely he had

8688: 8668: 6439: 6198: 6017: 5994: 5871: 5718: 5657: 4834: 4147: 3050: 2086: 1313:, calling into question the interpretation of this piece as "the spontaneous heart-cry of a demon-driven folk artist". 1147:: "In Africa and in Afro-American tradition, there is the tradition of the talking instrument, beginning with the drums 966:, claim Johnson sold his soul to the devil at the intersection of Highways 1 and 8 in their town, while the 1986 movie 262:

His music had a small, but influential, following during his life and in the two decades after his death. In late 1938

4618: 4055: 8698: 8693: 8673: 6866: 6491: 6275: 6174: 6112: 5920: 5894: 5833: 5695: 4696: 2727: 2119: 1878:

in 2020 and encouraged museum staff to facilitate the return of the photograph to Johnson's descendants; as of 2023,

1387:. He noted the "personal and creative way" Johnson approached the song's harmony. Jim Wilson, then a writer for the 1344:

sound like an accomplished poseur." The following year, Hammond hoped to get Johnson to perform at a December 1938

1132:

described Johnson's music as "the most powerful cry that I think you can find in the human voice". In two takes of "

589: 8728: 8653: 1243:

Johnson fused approaches specific to Delta blues to those from the broader music world. The slide guitar work on "

8103: 7807: 6594: 6259: 5817: 5710: 1965: 1954: 1816: 1775: 1503: 1419: 1050:, Johnson in his own time was most respected for his ability to play in a wide range of styles, from raw country 921:'s 1971 biography of Tommy Johnson, and was repeated in print in 1982 alongside House's story in the widely read 902: 790:

In 1990, a small marker with the epitaph "Resting in the Blues" was placed in the cemetery of Payne Chapel, near

607: 493: 293: 20: 4251:"Award Winners and Nominees: Robert Johnson – Classic of Blues Recording - Single or Album Track" 8658: 8648: 8591: 8173: 6794: 4310: 2222: 1544:". As with many blues songs, there are melodic and lyrical precedents. While "Sweet Home Chicago" borrows from 1327: 1139:

Johnson is also known for using the guitar as "the other vocalist in the song", a technique later perfected by

997:

This view that the devil in Johnson's songs is derived from an African deity was disputed by the blues scholar

679: 433: 263: 5123: 4780: 4675: 6788: 5465: 2488: 1811: 824: 385: 338: 6061:

The Road to Robert Johnson: The Genesis and Evolution of Blues in the Delta From the Late 1800s Through 1938

1356:

recording artist". In 1939, Columbia issued a final single, pairing "Preachin' Blues" with "Love in Vain".

1093:... e could undoubtedly have come up with a lot more songs in this style if the producers had wanted them." 8748: 8342: 7681: 6563: 6539: 6431: 6382: 6290: 6032: 3431: 2905: 1942: 1184: 1151:... the one-strand and then the six-strings with bottleneck-style performance; it becomes a competing voice 4353:"Eric Clapton Takes on Robert Johnson's Blues: Guitarist Records the 'Powerful' Music that Influenced Him" 3322: 6810: 5303: 2093: 1376: 720: 417: 397: 5330: 5059: 4909: 4179: 1469:

believes Johnson "popularized a mode which would rapidly become the accepted pattern". Although author

8421: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6090: 5855: 5843: 5019: 3233: 2012: 1639: 1235:... 'if you don't like my apples, don't shake my tree'. Every verse has sexuality associated with it." 1207: 998: 918: 213: 4544: 7762: 6782: 6423: 4614: 3020: 1938: 1758: 1754: 1686: 1491: 1437: 1298: 481: 27: 5275: 3289: 1231:... The Blues, if anything, are deeply sexual. You know, 'my car doesn't run, I'm gonna check my oil 917:

and his elder brother Ledell in the 1960s. One version of Ledell Johnson's account was published in

798:

magazine of an unmarked spot alleged by one of Johnson's ex-girlfriends to be Johnson's burial site.

7888: 7858: 6816: 6643: 6632: 2368: 2196: 1409: 1346: 1055: 910: 854: 774: 762: 627: 569: 272: 1042:, said in 1990, "You want to know how good the blues can get? Well, this is it". But according to 8613: 6556: 5764: 5335: 5308: 5150:"Grammy Hall of Fame: "Cross Road Blues" – Robert Johnson (Vocalion, 1936 single)" 5014: 4585: 2373: 2310: 2126: 1875: 1815:

contains accounts by McCormick and Wardlow of what informants have told them: long interviews of

1649: 1279: 1063: 955: 929: 862: 675: 537: 457: 445: 381: 84: 7898: 4396: 4352: 769:

in the shape of an obelisk, listing all of Johnson's song titles, with a central inscription by

8118: 6821: 6726: 6665: 2231: 1893: 1841: 1568: 1393:, also mentioned his unconventional use of harmony. In a 1949 review, he compared elements of 1244: 1133: 1086:, but as Wald remarked, "no record company was heading to Mississippi in search of a down-home 968: 650: 553: 101: 5491:

https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/the-black-experience-music-blues-singers/robert-johnson

5187: 8390: 8242: 8177: 8058: 6694: 6672: 5675: 3238: 2068: 1368: 1275: 1264: 1212: 963: 850:. In exchange for his soul, Johnson was able to create the blues for which he became famous. 405: 256: 7329: 4640: 3275: 1856:. Both were subsequently featured prominently in the printed materials associated with the 1728:

The thing about Robert Johnson was that he only existed on his records. He was pure legend.

802:

placed a marker at this site, which bears LaVere's name as well as Johnson's. Researchers

8623: 8618: 7938: 7535: 6712: 6698: 6483: 6457: 6213: 6104: 5825: 5740: 5553: 2210: 1901:

and by Johnson's estate in 2013, but has been disputed by some music historians, including

1564: 1364: 1290: 1224: 4315: 8: 8475: 8033: 7878: 7319: 5956: 4697:"Robert Johnson: Rare New Photograph of Delta Blues King Authenticated After Eight Years" 4647: 4092: 2245: 2140: 2079: 2059:

1995 – Rock and Roll Hall of Fame "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll": "

1880: 1762: 1618: 1495: 1074:", from his first recording session, shows that he was also comfortable with an "uptown" 973: 866: 666: 521: 489: 413: 356: 252: 231:

in 1937, that produced 29 distinct songs (with 13 surviving alternate takes) recorded by

46: 737:, which could have both affected his guitar playing and contributed to his death due to 516:... So Robert and I, we began journeying off. I was just, matter of fact, tagging along. 8068: 7988: 7978: 7626: 7364: 6988: 6803: 6719: 6683: 6676: 6504: 6475: 6190: 5786: 5759: 5732: 5149: 4987: 4222: 3341: 2060: 2005: 1934: 1910: 1849: 1665: 1602: 1541: 1389: 1071: 1039: 882: 842: 807: 791: 713: 654: 653:, of unknown causes. Johnson's death was not reported publicly. Almost 30 years later, 611: 469: 389: 360: 325: 1819:

and Johnny Shines and short interviews of surviving friends and family. Another film,

1058:", in contrast to the prevailing Delta style of the time, more resembled the style of 8357: 7993: 7908: 7863: 7616: 7550: 7249: 7128: 6973: 6654: 6509: 6487: 6461: 6435: 6409: 6386: 6363: 6340: 6317: 6294: 6271: 6245: 6222: 6218: 6194: 6154: 6133: 6108: 6068: 6036: 6013: 5990: 5986: 5964: 5942: 5916: 5890: 5867: 5829: 5822:

The World Don't Owe Me Nothing: The Life and Times of Delta Bluesman Honeyboy Edwards

5803: 5760:"Retrospective Blues: Robert Johnson – An Open Letter to Eric Clapton" 5744: 5714: 5691: 5653: 5627: 5604: 5581: 5558: 3172: 3046: 2414: 2042: 1988: 1414: 1310: 1293:" shows Johnson's mastery of a blues style not usually associated with the Delta. He 829: 738: 409: 401: 277: 247: 6993: 6835: 4489: 2407:

Freeland, Tom (March–April 2000). "Robert Johnson: Some Witnesses to a Short Life".

2267: 753:

Alleged gravesite at Payne Chapel near Quito, with one of Johnson's three tombstones

7490: 7279: 7053: 6687: 6661: 6628: 6150: 6129: 6086: 5781: 5773: 5417: 5253: 5100: 4992: 4255: 4227: 2064: 1960: 1773:

David Honeyboy Edwards and Robert Lockwood. In 1961, the sleeve notes to the album

1599: 1440:

like the guitar (instead of the piano) is Johnson's most influential accomplishment

1144: 1121: 623: 615: 577: 557: 549: 473: 281: 171: 8028: 468:

From 1932 until his death in 1938, Johnson moved frequently between the cities of

8500: 8352: 8023: 7973: 7958: 7918: 7812: 7691: 7621: 7611: 7465: 7424: 7414: 7399: 7274: 7244: 7214: 7154: 7078: 7048: 6948: 6943: 6913: 5978: 5912: 5904: 5683: 5667: 5623: 5571: 5044: 4729: 4701: 3502: 2215: 2020: 1866: 1792: 1745:

Until the 2019 publication of Bruce Conforth and Gayle Dean Wardlow's biography,

1734: 1622: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1560: 1537: 1466: 1460:... It was similar to a piano boogie bass I learned from R. L. in '32 or '33." 1404: 1394: 770: 734: 637:, Texas, for another recording session with Don Law in a makeshift studio at the 619: 561: 541: 421: 343: 7822: 2285: 794:, by an Atlanta rock group named the Tombstones, after they saw a photograph in 8539: 8507: 8313: 8308: 8268: 8212: 8202: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8138: 8088: 8073: 8063: 7737: 7717: 7455: 7344: 7339: 7209: 7133: 7093: 7083: 7033: 6963: 6903: 6705: 6405: 6336: 5728: 5577: 4811: 4753:"New Photo of Bluesman Robert Johnson Unearthed; Only Third Photo in Existence" 4680: 2910: 2901: 1906: 1870: 1824: 1787: 1704: 1696: 1690: 1499: 1487: 1453: 1398: 1190: 1083: 1035: 944: 858: 803: 351: 329: 310: 239: 6158: 1887:

Another photograph, purporting to show Johnson posing with the blues musician

1638:

Johnson's "contributions to the origins of rock 'n' roll are negligible". The

8607: 8514: 8377: 8362: 8288: 8273: 8217: 8197: 8168: 8098: 8038: 8013: 7933: 7893: 7848: 7797: 7702: 7661: 7656: 7646: 7591: 7560: 7520: 7505: 7434: 7419: 7304: 7269: 7184: 7118: 7108: 7058: 7013: 6983: 6933: 6923: 6893: 6650: 6513: 6267: 6137: 6009: 5863: 5777: 5562: 4983: 3657: 3176: 2418: 2161: 2148: 2129:

at his birthplace in Hazlehurst; also, at his presumed gravesite in Greenwood

2104: 1888: 1710: 1595: 1572: 1553: 1545: 1483: 1461: 1283: 1260: 1252: 1125: 1059: 914: 573: 477: 450: 298: 267: 212:

style, and as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. The

6528: 2025:: first in its list of "35 Guitar Gods" on the 52nd anniversary of his death 480:

accompanied him to Chicago, Texas, New York, Canada, Kentucky, and Indiana.

8573: 8546: 8372: 8333: 8328: 8298: 8237: 8153: 8143: 8133: 7953: 7903: 7868: 7817: 7747: 7727: 7686: 7641: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7555: 7525: 7460: 7429: 7394: 7374: 7324: 7289: 7194: 7189: 7098: 7073: 7068: 7028: 7008: 6733: 6501:

Wilson, Jim (January 22, 1949). "Artists Get Workout in Bopping Old Tune".

6208: 5938: 5244: 4900: 3167: 2409: 2153: 2112: 2072: 2029: 1845: 1828: 1714: 1682: 1678: 1660: 1525: 1507: 1449: 1407:

drew further attention to Johnson in a five-page section in his 1959 book,

1271: 1129: 1051: 949: 898: 890: 658: 603: 533: 314: 302: 285: 7404: 6536:

at the Wayback Machine (archived March 4, 2016). State of Mississippi.

6169:(September 3, 1940). "List of American Folk Songs on Commercial Records". 4725:"'Robert Johnson' Photo Does Not Show the Blues Legend, Music Experts Say" 1215:, said, "Robert Johnson I think of in the same way I think of the British 935: 785:

Alleged gravesite at Mount Zion Missionary Baptist Church near Morgan City

749: 186: 8493: 8485: 8468: 8454: 8447: 8440: 8278: 8222: 8158: 8108: 8093: 7998: 7968: 7943: 7928: 7827: 7802: 7782: 7666: 7636: 7580: 7545: 7530: 7485: 7384: 7369: 7349: 7334: 7314: 7299: 7294: 7259: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7204: 7179: 7169: 7164: 7123: 7043: 7023: 7018: 6958: 6883: 6639: 6449: 6359: 6356:

Inside Rock Guitar: Four Decades of the Greatest Electric Rock Guitarists

6238:

Crossroads: How the Blues Shaped Rock 'n' Roll (and Rock Saved the Blues)

6064: 5390:"Robert Johnson's 'Sweet Home Chicago' Inducted Into Grammy Hall Of Fame" 4867: 4839: 4392: 2831: 2732: 1902: 1898: 1644: 1614: 1470: 1306: 1216: 1194: 1075: 1043: 1031: 701: 595: 318: 224: 209: 111: 4619:"Annye C. Anderson v. Stephen C. LaVere, 2012-CA-00601-SCT (Miss. 2012)" 1383:

included a review of Johnson's "Hellhound on My Trail" in his 1946 book

810:

also concluded this was Johnson's resting place in their 2019 biography.

8566: 8481: 8338: 8323: 8232: 8148: 8128: 8053: 8048: 7948: 7913: 7853: 7787: 7777: 7772: 7757: 7585: 7570: 7565: 7515: 7495: 7470: 7359: 7239: 7088: 6182: 6166: 5649: 5641: 5362: 5280: 5182: 5154: 5068: 4807:"Exclusive First Look at New Photograph of Blues Legend Robert Johnson" 3427: 2192: 2133: 1521: 1380: 1360: 1341: 1332: 1256: 1220: 1108: 1067: 1014: 985: 909:, by Tom Graves, suggests an origin in the story of the blues musician 686: 576:

in New York. On learning of Johnson's death, Hammond replaced him with

545: 529: 288: 220: 3957: 1987:. To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Johnson's birth, May 8, 2011, 305:

has called Johnson "the most important blues singer that ever lived."

8461: 8318: 8113: 8018: 7983: 7767: 7742: 7732: 7707: 7696: 7676: 7389: 7264: 7159: 7103: 7038: 7003: 6171:

Report of the Committee of the Conference on Inter-American Relations

5930: 5795: 4956: 4757: 1821:

Can't You Hear the Wind Howl?: The Life & Music of Robert Johnson

1672: 1549: 1352: 1171: 1140: 1087: 886: 870: 638: 441: 348:

Can't You Hear the Wind Howl?: The Life & Music of Robert Johnson

306: 4642:"He spent a lifetime collecting the blues. The Smithsonian listened" 814: 700:, Bruce Conforth and Gayle Dean Wardlow suggest that the poison was 8227: 8008: 7722: 7500: 6313: 6094: 6082: 4586:"Hellhound on the Money Trail (updated from original appearance in 4498: 4188: 4156: 4124: 4064: 766: 705: 425: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3708: 2938: 2846: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2547: 1286:, who wrote "Milkcow Blues" and influenced Johnson's vocal style. 8078: 7873: 7475: 6548: 6454:

Escaping the Delta: Robert Johnson and the Invention of the Blues

5961:

Crossroads: The Life and Afterlife of Blues Legend Robert Johnson

5600: 4430: 4402: 4357: 3674: 3672: 3436: 2182: 1780: 1302: 1294: 1079: 1030:

Johnson is considered a master of the blues, particularly of the

897:

Further details were absorbed from the imaginative retellings by

781: 691:

Crossroads: The Life and Afterlife of Blues Legend Robert Johnson

599: 565: 232: 219:

As a traveling performer who played mostly on street corners, in

4562: 3068: 3056: 2599: 1823:, combines documentary segments with recreated scenes featuring 1227:, who burned out early, who were geniuses at wordsmithing poetry 564:, who owned some of Johnson's records, directed record producer 8283: 5178:"Mississippi Hall of Fame Inducts Trio of Famed Gibson Artists" 5060:"Best Historical Album: Winner Robert Johnson – 4203: 3762: 2986: 2974: 2707: 881:

This legend was developed over time and has been chronicled by

853:

This story was originally associated with Delta blues musician

634: 332:, especially in their 2019 award-winning biography of Johnson: 236: 228: 203:(May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) was an American 8420: 4513: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3669: 3604: 3165:"Discovering Robert Johnson's Guitar Teacher, Ike Zimmerman". 2559: 2508: 1897:

magazine. Its authenticity was claimed by the forensic artist

1753:

8, 1911. He was not listed among his mother's children in the

1528:), it is the figure Johnson used updated for electric guitar. 8367: 6379:

Robert Johnson, Mythmaking, and Contemporary American Culture

4426:"You've Never Heard Robert Johnson's 'Complete Recordings'?!" 2496: 2453: 2227: 847: 709: 204: 5091: 4525: 4283: 4250: 3974: 3972: 3933: 3565: 3183: 3146: 2537: 2535: 2425: 2349: 2325: 2115:: fifth on his list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" 1259:. Johnson did record versions of "Preaching the Blues" and " 1128:

help explain why his singing conveys such powerful emotion.

1001:

in an essay published in 1999, "Demythologizing the Blues":

6241: 4929: 4927: 3779: 1941:

ruled that Claud Johnson, a retired truck driver living in

1757:

giving further credence to a 1911 birthdate. Although the

873:

at a crossroads in exchange for his mastery of the guitar.

4088:"Go Down to the 'Crossroads' with Bluesman Robert Johnson" 3839: 3837: 3835: 3195: 3003: 3001: 2906:"The Devil's Music: The Life and Legacy of Robert Johnson" 2306:"Robert Johnson Biography Takes Penderyn Music Book Prize" 2181:

He is often considered the first member of the so-called "

818:

Alleged gravesite at Little Zion Church north of Greenwood

765:, not far from Greenwood, in an unmarked grave. A one-ton 6402:

Raisin' Cain: The Wild and Raucous Story of Johnny Winter

4613: 4373: 3969: 2532: 2337: 2238: 2205: 1417:. Columbia Records' first album of Johnson's recordings, 1247:" is pure Delta and Johnson's vocal there has "a touch of 594:

In Jackson, Mississippi, around 1936, Johnson sought out

580:, but he played two of Johnson's records from the stage. 552:, remembered Johnson had once briefly played with him in 5595:

Barrett, David; Garcia, John (2010). "Blues Standards".

5358:"Top 50 Guitarists of All Time – 10 to 1" 4924: 4882: 4445: 4335: 4333: 4035: 3921: 3861: 3820: 3752: 3750: 3737: 3735: 3633: 3498:"The Grandfather of Rock'n'Roll: The Devil's Instrument" 3136: 3134: 2647: 2188:

In 1994, Johnson was featured on a U.S. postage stamp.

1193:

was first introduced to Johnson's music by his bandmate

1120:

An important aspect of Johnson's singing was his use of

649:

Johnson died on August 16, 1938, at the age of 27, near

336:(Chicago Review Press). Two films, the 1991 documentary 6333:

Big Boss Man: The Life and Music of Bluesman Jimmy Reed

4632: 4469: 4025: 4023: 3873: 3832: 3720: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3594: 3592: 3529: 3451: 3401: 3389: 3305:"Black History Meets Black Music: 'Blues People' at 50" 3290:"Strength in the Blues – an Interview with Cornel West" 3171:. No. 194. January–February 2008. pp. 68–73. 2998: 2827:"Dallas Church Preserving the Legacy of Robert Johnson" 2683: 2671: 2623: 2611: 2520: 2448:

Hellhounds on My Trail: The Afterlife of Robert Johnson

2369:"Abbay & Leatherman – Robinsonville" 1656:

Several rock artists describe Johnson as an influence:

321:

and lyrics have been borrowed by many later musicians.

4457: 4008: 3996: 3897: 3849: 3468: 3466: 2962: 2659: 2388: 2136:: ninth on its list of "Top 50 Guitarists of All Time" 1844:

in 1986, and the studio portrait in a 1989 article by

913:. This story was collected from his musical associate 6865: 5911:(2nd. Laurel printing 1973 ed.). New York City: 5533:"Me and the Devil Blues Manga Wins Glyph Comic Award" 4330: 4271: 3909: 3885: 3747: 3732: 3131: 280:, which owned the original recordings, was bought by 216:

describes him as perhaps "the first ever rock star".

5737:

Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson

4860: 4020: 3984: 3945: 3796: 3696: 3645: 3616: 3589: 3256: 2770: 2635: 2571: 1747:

Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson

1617:

adapted the boogie pattern on guitar for his songs "

449:

guitar style of House and learned other styles from

334:

Up Jumped the Devil: The Real Life of Robert Johnson

6006:

In Search of the Blues: Black Voices, White Visions

5503:"A Unique 'Timeless' About a Uniquely Talented Man" 3808: 3577: 3553: 3541: 3517: 3463: 3377: 3365: 3353: 2882: 2870: 2858: 2695: 2465: 2185:," a group of musicians who have died at that age. 6422: 6149:(Box set booklet). Robert Johnson. New York City: 6128:(Box set booklet). Robert Johnson. New York City: 5848:Institute for Studies in American Music Newsletter 4118:Detroit Blues: Blues from the Motor City 1938-1954 3104: 3092: 3080: 2605: 2592:, p. 56, quoting Robert Neff and Anthony Connor's 2244:In 2024, an episode of the British TV crime drama 1959:Eleven 78-rpm records by Johnson were released by 846:the Devil at the crossroads mirrors the legend of 444:moved to Robinsonville, where his musical partner 6480:Chasin' that Devil Music: Searching for the Blues 5937:(Norton Paperback 2009 ed.). New York City: 5883:Crossroads. La dernière chanson de Robert Johnson 5846:(October 22, 1999). "Demythologizing the Blues". 3684: 3207: 2758: 2195:song "How Bad Do You Want It" off the 2004 album 2125:2008 – Marker No. 29 on the 1707:recorded "Love in Vain" and "Stop Breaking Down". 8605: 6284: 4863:"Claud Johnson, Son of Blues Singer, Dies at 83" 4568: 4209: 3714: 3678: 3610: 2992: 2713: 2589: 2565: 2514: 2502: 2459: 1598:'s statement when Johnson was inducted into the 1321: 6310:Listen to the Blues!: Exploring a Musical Genre 5727: 5557:. Vol. 42, no. 57. October 20, 1945. 4519: 3773: 3021:"Lower Mississippi Delta Region: Tommy Johnson" 2956: 2944: 2852: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2553: 2355: 2331: 2165:′s list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time 590:Robert Johnson recordings § Sessionography 568:to seek out Johnson to book him for the first " 6542:Ellen Barry, Los Angeles Times. June 2, 2004. 5707:Blues Traveling: The Holy Sites of Delta Blues 5573:Brother Robert: Growing Up with Robert Johnson 5186:(Press release). April 4, 2000. Archived from 1923:Brother Robert: Growing Up with Robert Johnson 1891:, was published in the November 2008 issue of 1278:recorded in 1926. Johnson's last recording, " 536:that Johnson had performed in the area around 8406: 6851: 6564: 6474: 5620:Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll 5594: 5410: 5215: – Robert Johnson (1936–1937)" 4988:"1980 Hall of Fame Inductees: Robert Johnson" 4531: 4223:"1980 Hall of Fame Inductees: Robert Johnson" 3939: 3189: 3152: 3074: 3062: 2541: 2431: 2259: 6285:Pearson, Barry Lee; McCulloch, Bill (2003). 6027:Herzhaft, Gerard (1992). "Blues Standards". 5704: 5276:"Lifetime Achievement Award: Robert Johnson" 4300: 4298: 4150:Complete Recorded Works, Vol. 10 (1951-1957) 3201: 3023:. US National Park Service. October 25, 2017 2980: 2159:2023 – Ranked number 124 on 1955:Robert Johnson recordings § Discography 1921:in May 2020, as the cover image for a book, 6054:. Vol. 4. Hannibal, Missouri: Western. 4902:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 4835:"Court Rules Father of the Blues Has a Son" 4778: 4058:Complete Recorded Works, Vol. 2 (1946-1949) 2824: 2172:list of 250 greatest guitarists of all time 350:, which included reconstructed scenes with 19:For other people named Robert Johnson, see 8734:20th-century African-American male singers 8413: 8399: 6858: 6844: 6571: 6557: 4982: 4579: 4577: 1689:" and quoted some of Johnson's lyrics in " 1436:The execution of a driving bass beat on a 276:, only to discover that Johnson had died. 45: 8759:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners 6376: 6217:(Sixth Revised ed.). New York City: 6147:Robert Johnson: The Centennial Collection 5977: 5860:The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Blues 5785: 5466:"The 250 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" 5239: 5237: 5094:The Complete Recordings of Robert Johnson 4673: 4423: 4306:"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll G-J" 4295: 3790: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3140: 2689: 2677: 2629: 2617: 2526: 2482: 2480: 2394: 2343: 1998: 1993:Robert Johnson: The Centennial Collection 1301:, and his guitar style is more that of a 939:The crossroads at Clarksdale, Mississippi 8634:African-American male singer-songwriters 6804:Me and Mr. Johnson/Sessions for Robert J 6602:King of the Delta Blues Singers, Vol. II 6399: 6026: 6003: 5682: 5666: 5617: 5569: 4804: 4545:"The Life & Music of Robert Johnson" 4475: 4289: 4085: 4041: 3963: 3927: 3879: 3867: 3666:, pp. 131, 135, 136, 138, 143, 144. 3495: 3489: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3350:, pp. 21–22, in essay by Keith Richards. 2776: 2753: 2406: 1972:King of the Delta Blues Singers, Vol. II 1799:(1982), later reprinted in book form as 1739:Love in Vain: A Vision of Robert Johnson 1721: 1613:In the mid-1950s, rock and roll pioneer 1452:". Sometimes, it has been attributed to 934: 813: 780: 748: 630:", which sold as many as 10,000 copies. 492:, who knew him as his mother's partner; 6235: 5903: 5816: 5802:. New York City: Simon & Schuster. 5757: 5124:"29c Robert Johnson. Blues Singer 1994" 4781:"Another Robert Johnson Photo Debunked" 4750: 4574: 4398:Former Led Zeppelin Singer Robert Plant 3978: 3726: 3035: 2968: 2825:Christensen, Thor (November 19, 2011). 2725: 2665: 2297: 1806:Robert Johnson, The Complete Recordings 8606: 8264:Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five 6500: 6330: 6307: 6258: 6207: 6144: 6121: 6058: 5955: 5880: 5440:"The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time" 5243: 5234: 5208: 4945: 4933: 4894: 4888: 4694: 4638: 4583: 4463: 4451: 4339: 4277: 4086:Sliwicki, Susan (September 13, 2011). 4014: 4002: 3903: 3891: 3855: 3826: 3756: 3741: 3702: 3639: 3598: 3347: 3302: 3219: 3110: 3098: 3086: 2932: 2900: 2477: 2291: 1415:the album published alongside his book 1297:the lyrics in a manner reminiscent of 8394: 6839: 6752:If I Had Possession over Judgment Day 6552: 6353: 6181: 6165: 6049: 5929: 5854: 5842: 5794: 5640: 5220:National Recording Preservation Board 4861:The Associated Press (July 1, 2015). 4832: 4722: 4655:from the original on October 15, 2023 4379: 3915: 3843: 3690: 3663: 3651: 3627: 3484: 3478: 3426: 3413: 3323:"What Is Call and Response in Music?" 3262: 3251: 3213: 3122: 3013: 2764: 2728:"Revisionists Sing New Blues History" 2653: 2641: 2577: 2176: 1809:box set (1990). The documentary film 943:Recent research by the blues scholar 822:John Hammond Jr., in the documentary 583: 463: 440:Around this time, the blues musician 365:National Recording Preservation Board 8719:Unsolved deaths in the United States 6448: 6081: 5758:Connell, David (September 2, 2006). 4751:Baddour, Dylan (December 16, 2015). 4695:Thorpe, Jessica (February 2, 2013). 4424:Degennaro, Catherine (May 6, 2011). 4029: 3990: 3951: 3814: 3802: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3472: 3457: 3407: 3395: 3383: 3371: 3359: 3303:Holley, Eugene Jr. (July 26, 2013). 3007: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2701: 2471: 2443: 2303: 1482:Johnson's contemporaries, including 8714:Singer-songwriters from Mississippi 8629:People from Hazlehurst, Mississippi 5646:Shining Trumpets: A History of Jazz 5411:Rolling Stone (December 18, 2015). 4946:Gordon, Keith A. (April 26, 2011). 4805:Anderson, Annye C. (May 20, 2020). 4487: 4182:Sounds of the South [4 CDs] 1385:Shining Trumpets: a History of Jazz 876: 16:American blues musician (1911–1938) 13: 8739:20th-century American male singers 6578: 5015:"Early influences: Robert Johnson" 4723:Yuhas, Alan (September 19, 2014). 4674:Digiacomo, Frank (November 2008). 4639:Edgers, Geoff (October 14, 2023). 4177: 4145: 3496:Buncombe, Andrew (July 26, 2006). 3432:"Still Standing at the Crossroads" 2726:Sisario, Ben (February 28, 2004). 2294:, p. 23, in essay by Eric Clapton. 2087:Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame 1765:listed him as being 14 years old. 1587:(1955), Junior Parker (1958), and 1579:(1950), Elmore James (1951–1959), 1536:Several of Johnson's songs became 1531: 979: 370: 14: 8770: 8679:American blues singer-songwriters 6867:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 6522: 5096: – Robert Johnson" 4948:"Robert Johnson – 4779:Matheis, Frank; Conforth, Bruce. 4113: 4053: 2446:, p. 107, quoting Robert Mugge's 2230:series that takes its title from 2120:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 1477: 1143:and his personified guitar named 380:Robert Leroy Johnson was born in 8709:20th-century American guitarists 8664:Blues musicians from Mississippi 8639:American male singer-songwriters 6534:Robert Johnson Death Certificate 6189:(Illustrated reprint ed.). 5525: 5509:. April 22, 2018. Archived from 5495: 5484: 5458: 5432: 5404: 5382: 5350: 5323: 5296: 5268: 5202: 5170: 5142: 5116: 5084: 5052: 5035: 5007: 4976: 4939: 4854: 4826: 4798: 4772: 4744: 4716: 4688: 4667: 4607: 4537: 4481: 4417: 4385: 4345: 4243: 4215: 4171: 4139: 4107: 4079: 4047: 2265: 1869:stated that the blues archivist 1625:". Author Dave Rubin commented: 1282:" is his most direct tribute to 1025: 622:. The first to be released was " 266:sought him out for a concert at 6595:King of the Delta Blues Singers 6529:Robert Johnson Blues Foundation 6377:Schroeder, Patricia R. (2004). 6177:Division of Cultural Relations. 6050:Hyatt, Harry Middleton (1973). 5711:University Press of Mississippi 5543: 4906:"ABKCO Music v. Stephen LaVere" 3315: 3296: 3282: 3268: 3245: 3158: 3116: 2950: 2894: 2818: 2747: 2719: 1985:King of the Delta Blues Singers 1966:King of the Delta Blues Singers 1776:King of the Delta Blues Singers 1426: 1420:King of the Delta Blues Singers 835: 294:King of the Delta Blues Singers 259:in return for musical success. 21:Robert Johnson (disambiguation) 6287:Robert Johnson: Lost and Found 6187:The Land Where the Blues Began 4676:"Searching for Robert Johnson" 2606:Townsend & Greensmith 1999 2400: 2361: 2237:The 2021 song "Speechless" by 1948: 1928: 1834: 1423:, was issued two years later. 1124:. These subtle inflections of 674:account by the blues musician 284:, where Hammond was employed. 1: 8744:20th-century American singers 6789:The Search for Robert Johnson 6312:. Santa Barbara, California: 6085:(1996). "Robert Johnson". In 4833:Bragg, Rick (June 17, 2000). 4584:Gordon, Robert (March 2018). 3966:, pp. 443–444, 457, 467. 2489:The Search for Robert Johnson 2252: 2204:In season 2 episode 6 of the 1827:as Johnson with narration by 1812:The Search for Robert Johnson 1608: 1322:Early recognition and reviews 1238: 1178: 1082:sound similar to that of the 825:The Search for Robert Johnson 375: 339:The Search for Robert Johnson 253:he sold his soul to the devil 6651:I Believe I'll Dust My Broom 6478:; Komara, Edward M. (1998). 6432:University of Illinois Press 6383:University of Illinois Press 6291:University of Illinois Press 6100:All Music Guide to the Blues 6033:University of Arkansas Press 5983:Searching for Robert Johnson 5705:Cheseborough, Steve (2009). 4569:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 4210:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 3715:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 3679:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 3611:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2993:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2714:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2590:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2566:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2515:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2503:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2460:Pearson & McCulloch 2003 2413:. No. 150. p. 49. 1943:Crystal Springs, Mississippi 1863:Searching for Robert Johnson 1801:Searching for Robert Johnson 1155:... or a complementary voice 923:Searching for Robert Johnson 832:") very near where he died. 744: 608:I Believe I'll Dust My Broom 400:, but soon moved across the 187:robertjohnsonbluesfoundation 7: 8754:People with Marfan syndrome 8724:Guitarists from Mississippi 8644:African-American guitarists 6811:The Robert Johnson Songbook 6540:Bluesman's Son Gets His Due 6426:; Greensmith, Bill (1999). 6400:Sullivan, Mary Lou (2010). 6004:Hamilton, Marybeth (2007). 5597:Improvising Blues Harmonica 5570:Anderson, Annye C. (2020). 5304:"Robert Johnson Birthplace" 4520:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 3774:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2957:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2945:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2853:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2813:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2801:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2789:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2554:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2356:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2332:Conforth & Wardlow 2019 2304:Malt, Andy (May 12, 2020). 2168:2023 - Ranked number 16 on 2094:National Recording Registry 1769:and location of his death. 398:Crittenden County, Arkansas 10: 8775: 8704:Juke Joint blues musicians 8684:American street performers 8422:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 7682:Booker T. & the M.G.'s 6759:When You Got a Good Friend 6031:. Fayetteville, Arkansas: 5331:"Robert Johnson Gravesite" 4056:"Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup: 3234:The Story with Dick Gordon 2272:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2208:sci-fi time-travel series 2013:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 1952: 1779:included reminiscences of 1640:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 1208:The Story with Dick Gordon 1182: 587: 363:Halls of Fame, and by the 346:, and a 1997 documentary, 214:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 25: 18: 8689:American slide guitarists 8669:American blues guitarists 8583: 8556: 8524: 8432: 8253: 7838: 7763:The Blind Boys of Alabama 7445: 7144: 6873: 6783:Robert Johnson recordings 6775: 6766:Traveling Riverside Blues 6743: 6618: 6586: 6308:Perone, James E. (2019). 6029:Encyclopedia of the Blues 5622:. Lanham, Massachusetts: 5413:"100 Greatest Guitarists" 5249:"100 Greatest Guitarists" 4950:The Centennial Collection 4615:Mississippi Supreme Court 4532:Wardlow & Komara 1998 4494: – Review" 4184: – Review" 4152: – Review" 4120: – Review" 4060: – Review" 3940:Barrett & Garcia 2010 3190:Wardlow & Komara 1998 3153:Wardlow & Komara 1998 3075:Wardlow & Komara 1998 3063:Wardlow & Komara 1998 2542:Wardlow & Komara 1998 2432:Wardlow & Komara 1998 2232:the song of the same name 2032:: best historical album ( 1939:Mississippi Supreme Court 1687:Traveling Riverside Blues 1316: 1200: 1159:... in the performance." 540:. By 1959, the historian 181: 177: 167: 157: 137: 117: 107: 91: 71: 61: 56: 44: 37: 8699:Columbia Records artists 8694:Vocalion Records artists 8674:American male guitarists 7889:The Allman Brothers Band 7859:Juilliard String Quartet 7808:David "Honeyboy" Edwards 6720:Stop Breakin' Down Blues 6644:Last Fair Deal Gone Down 6633:Kind Hearted Woman Blues 6424:Townsend, Henry Townsend 6404:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: 6358:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: 6175:U.S. Department of State 6145:LaVere, Stephen (2011). 6122:LaVere, Stephen (1990). 6063:. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: 5778:10.1136/bmj.333.7566.489 5618:Birnbaum, Larry (2013). 5590:– via Googlebooks. 3574:, pp. 170–171, 174. 2198:Live Like You Were Dying 1817:David "Honeyboy" Edwards 1795:to publish a summary in 1504:David "Honeyboy" Edwards 1347:From Spirituals to Swing 1305:-influenced player like 1185:Robert Johnson’s guitars 1115: 1056:Kind Hearted Woman Blues 865:, first claimed to have 775:Mount Zion Memorial Fund 763:Morgan City, Mississippi 644: 628:Last Fair Deal Gone Down 570:From Spirituals to Swing 494:David "Honeyboy" Edwards 273:From Spirituals to Swing 26:Not to be confused with 8729:Mississippi Blues Trail 8654:Country blues musicians 6609:The Complete Recordings 6381:. Champaign, Illinois: 6289:. Champaign, Illinois: 6125:The Complete Recordings 6059:Komara, Edward (2007). 5818:Edwards, David Honeyboy 5765:British Medical Journal 5336:Mississippi Blues Trail 5309:Mississippi Blues Trail 5213:The Complete Recordings 5062:The Complete Recordings 4405:. Event occurs at 9:05 3127:. London: Studio Vista. 3045:. Studio Vista, p. 22. 2374:Mississippi Blues Trail 2311:Completemusicupdate.com 2127:Mississippi Blues Trail 2098:The Complete Recordings 2047:The Complete Recordings 2035:The Complete Recordings 1980:The Complete Recordings 1876:Smithsonian Institution 1552:, Robert Lockwood, and 930:Hazlehurst, Mississippi 889:once told the story to 680:Robert "Mack" McCormick 538:Clarksdale, Mississippi 458:Clarksdale, Mississippi 434:Robert "Mack" McCormick 382:Hazlehurst, Mississippi 85:Hazlehurst, Mississippi 8119:The Velvet Underground 8059:Earth, Wind & Fire 6796:Me and the Devil Blues 6727:Me and the Devil Blues 6236:Milward, John (2013). 5985:(Paperback ed.). 5881:Gagnon, Hervé (2021). 4314:. 1995. Archived from 3237:(television program). 2223:Me and the Devil Blues 2146:2015 – 2139:2014 – 2132:2010 – 2118:2006 – 2102:2003 – 2092:2003 – 2085:2000 – 2078:1998 – 2052:1994 – 2041:1991 – 2028:1991 – 2018:1990 – 2011:1986 – 2004:1980 – 1999:Awards and recognition 1842:Rolling Stone magazine 1730: 1635: 1569:Sonny Boy Williamson I 1518: 1446: 1167: 1134:Me and the Devil Blues 1104: 1011: 995: 940: 925:, by Peter Guralnick. 819: 786: 754: 731: 657:, a Mississippi-based 651:Greenwood, Mississippi 618:", which later became 554:West Memphis, Arkansas 518: 451:Isaiah "Ike" Zimmerman 102:Greenwood, Mississippi 57:Background information 8659:Country blues singers 8649:Delta blues musicians 8559:(Ahmet Ertegun Award) 8243:Sister Rosetta Tharpe 8178:Parliament-Funkadelic 7536:Simon & Garfunkel 6695:Hellhound on My Trail 6673:Come On in My Kitchen 6619:Original 78 rpms 6544:Johnson Legal Battle. 6331:Romano, Will (2006). 5909:The Sound of the City 5800:Chronicles Volume One 5247:(December 10, 2010). 4986:(November 10, 2016). 4964:on September 30, 2011 4617:(February 23, 2012). 4549:Robertjohnsonfilm.com 3239:American Public Media 3123:Evans, David (1971). 3041:Evans, David (1971). 2904:(November 23, 2018). 2143:: "Sweet Home Chicago 2069:Hellhound on My Trail 2056:: commemorative stamp 1786:The blues researcher 1726: 1722:Problems of biography 1627: 1513: 1434: 1369:Hellhound on My Trail 1276:Blind Lemon Jefferson 1265:Come On in My Kitchen 1213:American Public Media 1162: 1096: 1003: 990: 964:Rosedale, Mississippi 938: 817: 784: 752: 726: 509: 8584:Lifetime achievement 7899:Antônio Carlos Jobim 6713:Stones in My Passway 6706:Milkcow's Calf Blues 6699:From Four Until Late 6484:Miller Freeman Books 6430:. Urbana, Illinois: 6354:Rubin, Dave (2015). 6105:Miller Freeman Books 5826:Chicago Review Press 5741:Chicago Review Press 5690:. Oak Publications. 5130:. September 17, 1994 5128:Usapostagestamps.com 3292:. September 9, 2012. 2246:McDonald & Dodds 2082:: "Cross Road Blues" 1377:Charles Edward Smith 1373:The Jazz Record Book 1365:Stones in My Passway 1291:From Four Until Late 1280:Milkcow's Calf Blues 676:Sonny Boy Williamson 633:Johnson traveled to 544:could add only that 227:in 1936, and one in 201:Robert Leroy Johnson 67:Robert Leroy Johnson 8749:Deal with the Devil 8476:The Everly Brothers 8034:The Louvin Brothers 7879:George Beverly Shea 7320:The Everly Brothers 6666:Ramblin' on My Mind 6476:Wardlow, Gayle Dean 6093:; Woodstra, Chris; 5733:Wardlow, Gayle Dean 5507:Tvworthwatching.com 5209:Komara, Ed (2002). 4785:Thecountryblues.com 4648:The Washington Post 4401:(Radio interview). 4395:(August 24, 2004). 4382:, pp. 287–288. 4292:, pp. 78, 380. 4231:. November 10, 2016 3538:, pp. 171–172. 3460:, pp. 178–179. 3410:, pp. 152–154. 3398:, pp. 132–176. 3077:, pp. 203–204. 3065:, pp. 196–201. 3010:, pp. 265–276. 2983:, pp. 145–146. 2947:, pp. 253–255. 2855:, pp. 204–205. 2815:, pp. 185–186. 2803:, pp. 152–153. 2791:, pp. 238–246. 2656:, pp. 172–173. 2556:, pp. 112–113. 2141:Grammy Hall of Fame 2080:Grammy Hall of Fame 2054:U.S. Postal Service 1881:The Washington Post 1763:Tunica, Mississippi 1650:Wall Street Journal 1619:Roll Over Beethoven 1496:Robert Lockwood Jr. 1438:plectrum instrument 1270:The sad, romantic " 1245:Ramblin' on My Mind 974:Beulah, Mississippi 698:Up Jumped the Devil 696:In their 2019 book 667:congenital syphilis 522:Robert Lockwood Jr. 490:Robert Lockwood Jr. 8069:Jefferson Airplane 7989:Kris Kristofferson 7979:The Isley Brothers 7627:The Staple Singers 7365:The Mills Brothers 7330:Stéphane Grappelli 7315:Bobby "Blue" Bland 6989:The Rolling Stones 6734:Love in Vain Blues 6684:Sweet Home Chicago 6505:Detroit Free Press 6191:Methuen Publishing 6091:Bogdanov, Vladimir 5535:. August 19, 2023. 5472:. October 13, 2023 5190:on August 19, 2000 5042:"35 Guitar Gods". 4318:on August 22, 2008 4180:"Various Artists: 4148:"Roosevelt Sykes: 4116:"Various Artists: 3642:, pp. 24, 25. 3430:(April 22, 2011). 2959:, pp. 260–261 2177:In popular culture 2061:Sweet Home Chicago 2006:Blues Hall of Fame 1911:Gayle Dean Wardlow 1850:Gayle Dean Wardlow 1666:Me and Mr. Johnson 1603:Blues Hall of Fame 1542:Stop Breaking Down 1390:Detroit Free Press 1340:... Johnson makes 1211:, Bill Ferris, of 1048:Escaping the Delta 941: 883:Gayle Dean Wardlow 843:Dockery Plantation 820: 808:Gayle Dean Wardlow 792:Quito, Mississippi 787: 755: 714:esophageal varices 655:Gayle Dean Wardlow 612:Sweet Home Chicago 584:Recording sessions 464:Itinerant musician 326:Gayle Dean Wardlow 8601: 8600: 8388: 8387: 8358:The Clark Sisters 7994:Armando Manzanero 7939:Lightnin' Hopkins 7909:The Memphis Horns 7864:The Kingston Trio 7617:Jelly Roll Morton 7551:The Funk Brothers 7250:Arthur Rubinstein 7129:Vladimir Horowitz 6974:Leonard Bernstein 6833: 6832: 6817:Johnson's guitars 6655:Dead Shrimp Blues 6482:. San Francisco: 6467:978-0-06-052427-2 6456:. New York City: 6415:978-0-87930-973-2 6392:978-0-252-02915-8 6369:978-1-4950-5639-0 6346:978-0-87930-878-0 6335:. San Francisco: 6323:978-1-4408-6614-2 6300:978-0-252-07528-5 6266:. New York City: 6251:978-1-55553-744-9 6228:978-0-14-218158-4 6103:. San Francisco: 6087:Erlewine, Michael 6074:978-0-634-00907-5 6042:978-1-55728-252-1 5970:978-0-9816002-1-5 5948:978-0-393-33750-1 5862:. New York City: 5809:978-0-7432-7258-2 5750:978-1-64160-094-1 5672:The Country Blues 5633:978-0-8108-8629-2 5610:978-1-61065-276-6 5587:978-0-306-84527-7 5513:on April 18, 2021 5446:. January 1, 2023 4936:, pp. 20–21. 4912:on March 25, 2012 4904:(June 26, 2000). 4891:, pp. 63–68. 4454:, pp. 22–23. 4178:Planer, Lindsay. 3829:, pp. 68–69. 3717:, pp. 24–26. 3503:Independent.co.uk 3329:. August 26, 2021 3202:Cheseborough 2009 2981:Cheseborough 2009 2346:, pp. 10–11. 2045:: reissue album ( 2043:Blues Music Award 2015:: early influence 1410:The Country Blues 1397:'s recent debut " 1311:Peetie Wheatstraw 1013:The musicologist 739:aortic dissection 704:, from dissolved 410:Mississippi Delta 402:Mississippi River 278:Brunswick Records 248:Mississippi Delta 208:particularly the 195: 194: 8766: 8525:Early influences 8415: 8408: 8401: 8392: 8391: 7491:Rosemary Clooney 7280:Barbra Streisand 7054:Arturo Toscanini 6860: 6853: 6846: 6837: 6836: 6662:Cross Road Blues 6629:Terraplane Blues 6573: 6566: 6559: 6550: 6549: 6517: 6497: 6471: 6445: 6419: 6396: 6373: 6350: 6327: 6304: 6281: 6255: 6232: 6204: 6178: 6162: 6161:. 88697-85907-2. 6151:Columbia Records 6141: 6130:Columbia Records 6118: 6078: 6055: 6046: 6023: 6000: 5979:Guralnick, Peter 5974: 5963:. DeMers Books. 5952: 5926: 5905:Gillett, Charlie 5900: 5877: 5851: 5839: 5813: 5791: 5789: 5754: 5724: 5701: 5684:Charters, Samuel 5679: 5668:Charters, Samuel 5663: 5637: 5614: 5591: 5566: 5537: 5536: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5499: 5493: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5418:Rollingstone.com 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5366:. Archived from 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5300: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5254:Rollingstone.com 5241: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4960:. Archived from 4943: 4937: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4908:. Archived from 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4644: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4490:"Johnny Winter: 4488:Leggett, Steve. 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4361:. March 30, 2004 4349: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4302: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4146:arwulf, arwulf. 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3777: 3771: 3760: 3754: 3745: 3739: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3493: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3424: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3228: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2268:"Robert Johnson" 2263: 2110: 2065:Cross Road Blues 1961:Vocalion Records 1933:Johnson left no 1858:1990 CBS box set 1752: 1741: 1702: 1632: 1600:Blues Foundation 1474:played a note". 1459: 1443: 1339: 1250: 1234: 1230: 1174: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1111: 1101: 1092: 1008: 877:Various accounts 626:", backed with " 624:Terraplane Blues 616:Cross Road Blues 578:Big Bill Broonzy 558:Columbia Records 550:Memphis Jug Band 515: 344:John Hammond Jr. 282:Columbia Records 257:local crossroads 245: 191: 188: 160: 98: 81: 79: 64: 49: 35: 34: 8774: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8579: 8558: 8552: 8520: 8501:Jerry Lee Lewis 8428: 8419: 8389: 8384: 8353:Laurie Anderson 8249: 8024:George Harrison 7974:Clifton Chenier 7959:The Temptations 7919:Gil Scott-Heron 7834: 7813:Michael Jackson 7692:Ornette Coleman 7622:Pinetop Perkins 7612:Jerry Lee Lewis 7466:Sammy Davis Jr. 7441: 7425:John Lee Hooker 7415:Harry Belafonte 7400:Smokey Robinson 7275:Curtis Mayfield 7245:Aretha Franklin 7215:Thelonious Monk 7155:Marian Anderson 7140: 7079:Dizzy Gillespie 7049:Igor Stravinsky 6949:Mahalia Jackson 6944:Louis Armstrong 6914:Ella Fitzgerald 6869: 6864: 6834: 6829: 6771: 6739: 6677:They're Red Hot 6621:(chronological) 6620: 6614: 6582: 6577: 6525: 6520: 6494: 6468: 6442: 6416: 6393: 6370: 6347: 6324: 6301: 6278: 6252: 6229: 6201: 6115: 6075: 6043: 6020: 5997: 5971: 5949: 5923: 5913:Dell Publishing 5897: 5874: 5836: 5810: 5751: 5729:Conforth, Bruce 5721: 5698: 5660: 5634: 5624:Scarecrow Press 5611: 5588: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5516: 5514: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5387: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5370:on May 13, 2011 5356: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5285: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5259: 5257: 5242: 5235: 5225: 5223: 5207: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4831: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4803: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4749: 4745: 4735: 4733: 4730:Theguardian.com 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4702:Theguardian.com 4693: 4689: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4637: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4582: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4486: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4304: 4303: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4162: 4160: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4114:Brown, Marisa. 4112: 4108: 4098: 4096: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3780: 3772: 3763: 3755: 3748: 3740: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3626: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3425: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3246: 3230: 3229: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3132: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3040: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3006: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2902:Havers, Richard 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2552: 2548: 2540: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2405: 2401: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2266:Hill, Michael. 2264: 2260: 2255: 2216:Gavin Stenhouse 2179: 2170:Rolling Stone's 2108: 2089:: Blues pioneer 2001: 1957: 1951: 1937:. In 1998, the 1931: 1867:Peter Guralnick 1837: 1793:Peter Guralnick 1750: 1743: 1735:Martin Scorsese 1732: 1724: 1700: 1630: 1623:Johnny B. Goode 1611: 1589:Forest City Joe 1585:Roosevelt Sykes 1581:Baby Boy Warren 1577:Texas Alexander 1561:Tommy McClennan 1538:blues standards 1534: 1532:Blues standards 1480: 1467:Peter Guralnick 1457: 1441: 1429: 1405:Samuel Charters 1395:John Lee Hooker 1337: 1326:Famed producer 1324: 1319: 1248: 1241: 1232: 1228: 1203: 1187: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1118: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1090: 1072:They're Red Hot 1028: 1006: 982: 980:Interpretations 879: 838: 771:Peter Guralnick 747: 735:Marfan syndrome 647: 620:blues standards 592: 586: 562:John H. Hammond 542:Samuel Charters 513: 466: 422:Lucas, Arkansas 378: 373: 371:Life and career 243: 198: 185: 158: 153: 133: 100: 96: 95:August 16, 1938 83: 77: 75: 62: 52: 51:Johnson in 1936 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8772: 8762: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8614:Robert Johnson 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8560: 8557:Non-performers 8554: 8553: 8551: 8550: 8543: 8540:Jimmie Rodgers 8536: 8533:Robert Johnson 8528: 8526: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8511: 8508:Little Richard 8504: 8497: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8451: 8444: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8429: 8418: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8395: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8309:Bobby McFerrin 8303: 8302: 8301: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8269:Lionel Hampton 8266: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8207: 8206: 8205: 8203:Dionne Warwick 8200: 8198:Sam & Dave 8195: 8193:Julio Iglesias 8190: 8188:Donny Hathaway 8185: 8183:Billy Eckstine 8180: 8174:George Clinton 8171: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8139:Emmylou Harris 8136: 8131: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8104:Jimmie Rodgers 8101: 8096: 8091: 8089:Shirley Caesar 8083: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8074:Linda Ronstadt 8071: 8066: 8064:Herbie Hancock 8061: 8056: 8051: 8043: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8003: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7883: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7738:Itzhak Perlman 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7718:Burt Bacharach 7712: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7652:Robert Johnson 7649: 7644: 7639: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7588: 7583: 7575: 7574: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7456:The Beach Boys 7449: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7345:Oscar Peterson 7342: 7340:Charles Mingus 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7254: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7210:Little Richard 7207: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7134:Paul McCartney 7131: 7126: 7121: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7094:Leontyne Price 7091: 7086: 7084:Jascha Heifetz 7081: 7076: 7071: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7034:Billie Holiday 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6994:Andrés Segovia 6991: 6986: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6964:Charlie Parker 6961: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6904:Duke Ellington 6898: 6897: 6896: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6840: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6819: 6814: 6807: 6800: 6792: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6747: 6745: 6744:Later releases 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6702: 6691: 6680: 6669: 6658: 6647: 6636: 6624: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6605: 6598: 6590: 6588: 6584: 6583: 6580:Robert Johnson 6576: 6575: 6568: 6561: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6537: 6531: 6524: 6523:External links 6521: 6519: 6518: 6498: 6492: 6472: 6466: 6446: 6441:978-0252025266 6440: 6420: 6414: 6406:Backbeat Books 6397: 6391: 6374: 6368: 6351: 6345: 6337:Backbeat Books 6328: 6322: 6305: 6299: 6282: 6276: 6260:Palmer, Robert 6256: 6250: 6233: 6227: 6205: 6200:978-0413678508 6199: 6179: 6163: 6142: 6119: 6113: 6079: 6073: 6056: 6047: 6041: 6024: 6019:978-0224060189 6018: 6001: 5996:978-0452279490 5995: 5975: 5969: 5953: 5947: 5927: 5921: 5901: 5895: 5878: 5873:978-0399530722 5872: 5852: 5840: 5834: 5814: 5808: 5792: 5755: 5749: 5725: 5720:978-1604733280 5719: 5702: 5696: 5688:Robert Johnson 5680: 5664: 5659:978-9150035889 5658: 5638: 5632: 5615: 5609: 5592: 5586: 5578:Hachette Books 5567: 5551:"Race Blues". 5547: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5524: 5494: 5483: 5457: 5431: 5403: 5381: 5349: 5322: 5295: 5267: 5233: 5201: 5169: 5141: 5115: 5083: 5051: 5048:. August 1990. 5034: 5006: 4975: 4938: 4923: 4893: 4881: 4853: 4825: 4812:Vanityfair.com 4797: 4771: 4743: 4715: 4687: 4681:Vanityfair.com 4666: 4631: 4606: 4573: 4571:, p. 176. 4561: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4480: 4468: 4466:, p. 196. 4456: 4444: 4416: 4384: 4372: 4344: 4329: 4294: 4282: 4270: 4242: 4214: 4202: 4170: 4138: 4106: 4078: 4054:Yanow, Scott. 4046: 4044:, p. 443. 4034: 4032:, p. 134. 4019: 4017:, p. 128. 4007: 4005:, p. 125. 3995: 3993:, p. 140. 3983: 3968: 3956: 3954:, p. 188. 3944: 3932: 3930:, p. 435. 3920: 3918:, p. 184. 3908: 3906:, p. 149. 3896: 3884: 3872: 3870:, p. 162. 3860: 3858:, p. 214. 3848: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3805:, p. 137. 3795: 3791:Guralnick 1998 3778: 3776:, p. 127. 3761: 3746: 3731: 3729:, p. 159. 3719: 3707: 3695: 3683: 3668: 3656: 3654:, p. 131. 3644: 3632: 3630:, p. 188. 3615: 3603: 3588: 3586:, p. 175. 3576: 3564: 3562:, p. 184. 3552: 3550:, p. 183. 3540: 3528: 3526:, p. 139. 3516: 3488: 3477: 3475:, p. 177. 3462: 3450: 3412: 3400: 3388: 3386:, p. 131. 3376: 3374:, p. 133. 3364: 3362:, p. 127. 3352: 3340: 3314: 3295: 3281: 3276:"Blues People" 3267: 3265:, p. 365. 3255: 3244: 3231:Ferris, Bill. 3218: 3206: 3194: 3192:, p. 200. 3182: 3157: 3155:, p. 197. 3145: 3141:Guralnick 1998 3130: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3079: 3067: 3055: 3051:978-0289701515 3034: 3012: 2997: 2995:, p. 117. 2985: 2973: 2971:, p. 489. 2961: 2949: 2937: 2925: 2911:UDiscoverMusic 2893: 2891:, p. 132. 2881: 2879:, p. 130. 2869: 2867:, p. 167. 2857: 2845: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2746: 2718: 2716:, p. 111. 2706: 2704:, p. 112. 2694: 2690:Guralnick 1998 2682: 2678:Schroeder 2004 2670: 2668:, p. 100. 2658: 2646: 2644:, p. 175. 2634: 2630:Guralnick 1998 2622: 2618:Guralnick 1998 2610: 2598: 2582: 2580:, p. 172. 2570: 2558: 2546: 2531: 2527:Guralnick 1998 2519: 2507: 2495: 2476: 2474:, p. 108. 2464: 2452: 2436: 2434:, p. 201. 2424: 2399: 2395:Guralnick 1998 2387: 2360: 2348: 2344:Guralnick 1998 2336: 2324: 2296: 2284: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2157: 2144: 2137: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2100: 2090: 2083: 2076: 2057: 2050: 2039: 2026: 2016: 2009: 2000: 1997: 1953:Main article: 1950: 1947: 1930: 1927: 1907:Bruce Conforth 1871:Mack McCormick 1836: 1833: 1788:Mack McCormick 1725: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1705:Rolling Stones 1697:Keith Richards 1694: 1691:The Lemon Song 1676: 1670: 1610: 1607: 1533: 1530: 1516:"Crossroads"). 1500:Calvin Frazier 1492:Henry Townsend 1488:Johnnie Temple 1479: 1478:Contemporaries 1476: 1454:Johnnie Temple 1428: 1425: 1399:Boogie Chillen 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1299:Lonnie Johnson 1240: 1237: 1202: 1199: 1191:Keith Richards 1180: 1177: 1161: 1117: 1114: 1095: 1084:Harlem Hamfats 1046:, in his book 1040:Rolling Stones 1036:Keith Richards 1027: 1024: 981: 978: 972:was filmed in 945:Bruce Conforth 878: 875: 859:Charlie Patton 837: 834: 830:potter's field 812: 811: 804:Bruce Conforth 799: 779: 778: 746: 743: 721:Leflore County 646: 643: 588:Main article: 585: 582: 505:Robert Johnson 482:Henry Townsend 465: 462: 377: 374: 372: 369: 330:Bruce Conforth 311:Keith Richards 197:Musical artist 196: 193: 192: 183: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 161: 155: 154: 152: 151: 148: 145: 141: 139: 135: 134: 132: 131: 128: 125: 121: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 99:(aged 27) 93: 89: 88: 73: 69: 68: 65: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 39:Robert Johnson 38: 28:Lonnie Johnson 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8771: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8515:Elvis Presley 8512: 8510: 8509: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8452: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8443: 8442: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8426:Class of 1986 8423: 8416: 8411: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8379: 8378:Tammy Wynette 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8363:Gladys Knight 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8289:Talking Heads 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274:Marilyn Horne 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8252: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8218:Roberta Flack 8216: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8169:Black Sabbath 8167: 8166: 8164: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8099:Charley Pride 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8039:Wayne Shorter 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8029:Flaco Jiménez 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014:Pierre Boulez 8012: 8010: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7934:Charlie Haden 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7894:Glen Campbell 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7849:Julie Andrews 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7798:Leonard Cohen 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7768:The Four Tops 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7703:Grateful Dead 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7662:Richard Pryor 7660: 7658: 7657:Jessye Norman 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7647:Merle Haggard 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7592:Carter Family 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7561:Sonny Rollins 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521:Johnny Mathis 7519: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7507: 7506:Joni Mitchell 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7444: 7436: 7435:Willie Nelson 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7420:Woody Guthrie 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7305:Stevie Wonder 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7270:Henry Mancini 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7185:John Coltrane 7183: 7181: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7119:Nat King Cole 7117: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7109:Sarah Vaughan 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7059:Hank Williams 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7014:Enrico Caruso 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6984:Benny Goodman 6982: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6934:Elvis Presley 6932: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6924:Irving Berlin 6922: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6894:Frank Sinatra 6892: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6861: 6856: 6854: 6849: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6838: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6731: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6689: 6688:Walkin' Blues 6685: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6574: 6569: 6567: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6506: 6499: 6495: 6493:0-87930-552-5 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6277:0-14-006223-8 6273: 6269: 6268:Penguin Books 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6214:Mystery Train 6210: 6209:Marcus, Greil 6206: 6202: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6120: 6116: 6114:0-87930-424-3 6110: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6011: 6010:Jonathan Cape 6007: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5922:9780440381556 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5896:9782755690026 5892: 5888: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5865: 5864:Perigee Books 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5835:1-55652-368-8 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5772:(7566): 489. 5771: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5697:0-8256-0059-6 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5534: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5487: 5471: 5470:Rolling Stone 5467: 5461: 5445: 5444:Rolling Stone 5441: 5435: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5407: 5391: 5385: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5271: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5246: 5245:Fricke, David 5240: 5238: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5214: 5205: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5173: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5145: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5095: 5087: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5055: 5047: 5046: 5038: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5010: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4951: 4942: 4935: 4930: 4928: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4857: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4829: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4801: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4747: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4643: 4635: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4595: 4594:Longreads.com 4591: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4570: 4565: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4534:, p. 87. 4533: 4528: 4522:, p. 77. 4521: 4516: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4478:, p. 26. 4477: 4476:Sullivan 2010 4472: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4420: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4342:, p. 23. 4341: 4336: 4334: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4299: 4291: 4290:Birnbaum 2013 4286: 4280:, p. 90. 4279: 4274: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4246: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4212:, p. 28. 4211: 4206: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4183: 4174: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4151: 4142: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4119: 4110: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4082: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4043: 4042:Herzhaft 1992 4038: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3964:Herzhaft 1992 3960: 3953: 3948: 3942:, p. 73. 3941: 3936: 3929: 3928:Herzhaft 1992 3924: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3894:, p. 48. 3893: 3888: 3882:, p. 29. 3881: 3880:Charters 1973 3876: 3869: 3868:Herzhaft 1992 3864: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3828: 3823: 3817:, p. XV. 3816: 3811: 3804: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3759:, p. 92. 3758: 3753: 3751: 3744:, p. 75. 3743: 3738: 3736: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3705:, p. 14. 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3681:, p. 21. 3680: 3675: 3673: 3665: 3660: 3653: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3613:, p. 18. 3612: 3607: 3601:, p. 91. 3600: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3459: 3454: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3349: 3344: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3291: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3215: 3210: 3204:, p. 83. 3203: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3126: 3125:Tommy Johnson 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3064: 3059: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3043:Tommy Johnson 3038: 3022: 3016: 3009: 3004: 3002: 2994: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2970: 2965: 2958: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2934: 2929: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2878: 2873: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2777:Charters 1959 2773: 2766: 2761: 2755: 2754:Charters 1973 2750: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2722: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2692:, p. 29. 2691: 2686: 2680:, p. 22. 2679: 2674: 2667: 2662: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2632:, p. 24. 2631: 2626: 2620:, p. 28. 2619: 2614: 2608:, p. 68. 2607: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2568:, p. 12. 2567: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2529:, p. 15. 2528: 2523: 2517:, p. 94. 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2492:(Film). 1992. 2491: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2403: 2397:, p. 11. 2396: 2391: 2380:September 25, 2376: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2358:, p. 45. 2357: 2352: 2345: 2340: 2334:, p. 32. 2333: 2328: 2313: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2277:September 25, 2273: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2226:, a Japanese 2225: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2162:Rolling Stone 2158: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2149:Rolling Stone 2145: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2107: 2106: 2105:Rolling Stone 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1889:Johnny Shines 1885: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1716: 1712: 1711:Johnny Winter 1709: 1706: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Arthur Crudup 1570: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1554:Junior Parker 1551: 1547: 1546:Kokomo Arnold 1543: 1539: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484:Johnny Shines 1475: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1462:Johnny Shines 1455: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1284:Kokomo Arnold 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1261:Walking Blues 1258: 1254: 1253:minstrel show 1246: 1236: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1175: 1173: 1166: 1160: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122:microtonality 1112: 1110: 1103: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1026:Musical style 1023: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1002: 1000: 994: 989: 987: 977: 975: 971: 970: 965: 959: 957: 952: 951: 946: 937: 933: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 915:Ishman Bracey 912: 911:Tommy Johnson 908: 904: 903:Robert Palmer 900: 895: 892: 888: 884: 874: 872: 868: 867:sold his soul 864: 860: 856: 855:Tommy Johnson 851: 849: 844: 833: 831: 827: 826: 816: 809: 805: 800: 797: 793: 789: 788: 783: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 759: 758: 751: 742: 740: 736: 730: 725: 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 683: 681: 677: 671: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 642: 640: 636: 631: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 591: 581: 579: 575: 574:Carnegie Hall 572:" concert at 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 532:learned from 531: 526: 523: 517: 508: 506: 501: 497: 495: 491: 486: 483: 479: 478:Johnny Shines 475: 471: 461: 459: 454: 452: 447: 443: 438: 435: 429: 427: 423: 419: 418:Robinsonville 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 391: 387: 383: 368: 366: 362: 358: 353: 349: 345: 341: 340: 335: 331: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 299:British blues 296: 295: 290: 287: 283: 279: 275: 274: 269: 268:Carnegie Hall 265: 260: 258: 254: 249: 241: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 206: 202: 190: 184: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 162: 156: 149: 146: 143: 142: 140: 136: 129: 126: 123: 122: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 94: 90: 86: 74: 70: 66: 60: 55: 48: 43: 36: 33: 29: 22: 8592:John Hammond 8590: 8574:Sam Phillips 8572: 8565: 8547:Jimmy Yancey 8545: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8513: 8506: 8499: 8492: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8439: 8373:Donna Summer 8343:Nancy Wilson 8334:The Supremes 8329:Nile Rodgers 8299:Bonnie Raitt 8254:2021–present 8238:Public Enemy 8144:Louis Jordan 8134:Neil Diamond 7954:Ravi Shankar 7904:George Jones 7869:Dolly Parton 7823:André Previn 7818:Loretta Lynn 7748:Earl Scruggs 7728:Cab Calloway 7687:Maria Callas 7651: 7607:Led Zeppelin 7602:Janis Joplin 7597:Morton Gould 7556:Ella Jenkins 7526:Glenn Miller 7461:Tony Bennett 7430:Mitch Miller 7395:Otis Redding 7375:Paul Robeson 7325:Judy Garland 7290:Dave Brubeck 7195:Muddy Waters 7190:Jimi Hendrix 7099:Bessie Smith 7074:Pablo Casals 7069:Fred Astaire 7029:Woody Herman 7009:Benny Carter 6822: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6787: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6579: 6543: 6502: 6479: 6453: 6450:Wald, Elijah 6428:A Blues Life 6427: 6401: 6378: 6355: 6332: 6309: 6286: 6263: 6237: 6212: 6186: 6170: 6146: 6140:. C2K 46222. 6123: 6098: 6060: 6051: 6028: 6005: 5982: 5960: 5939:W. W. Norton 5934: 5908: 5882: 5859: 5856:Evans, David 5847: 5844:Evans, David 5821: 5799: 5769: 5763: 5736: 5706: 5687: 5671: 5645: 5619: 5596: 5572: 5552: 5544:Bibliography 5527: 5515:. Retrieved 5511:the original 5506: 5497: 5486: 5474:. Retrieved 5469: 5460: 5448:. Retrieved 5443: 5434: 5422:. Retrieved 5416: 5406: 5394:. Retrieved 5384: 5372:. Retrieved 5368:the original 5361: 5352: 5340:. Retrieved 5334: 5325: 5313:. Retrieved 5307: 5298: 5286:. Retrieved 5279: 5270: 5258:. Retrieved 5252: 5224:. Retrieved 5218: 5212: 5204: 5192:. Retrieved 5188:the original 5181: 5172: 5160:. Retrieved 5153: 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5127: 5118: 5106:. Retrieved 5099: 5093: 5086: 5074:. Retrieved 5067: 5061: 5054: 5043: 5037: 5025:. Retrieved 5020:Rockhall.com 5018: 5009: 4997:. Retrieved 4991: 4978: 4966:. Retrieved 4962:the original 4955: 4949: 4941: 4914:. Retrieved 4910:the original 4896: 4884: 4874:September 6, 4872:. Retrieved 4866: 4856: 4846:September 6, 4844:. Retrieved 4838: 4828: 4816:. Retrieved 4810: 4800: 4790:December 28, 4788:. Retrieved 4784: 4774: 4764:December 28, 4762:. Retrieved 4756: 4746: 4736:September 6, 4734:. Retrieved 4728: 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4700: 4690: 4679: 4669: 4657:. Retrieved 4646: 4634: 4622:. Retrieved 4609: 4597:. Retrieved 4593: 4587: 4564: 4552:. Retrieved 4548: 4539: 4527: 4515: 4503:. Retrieved 4497: 4491: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4429: 4419: 4407:. Retrieved 4397: 4387: 4375: 4363:. Retrieved 4356: 4347: 4320:. Retrieved 4316:the original 4311:Rockhall.com 4309: 4285: 4273: 4261:. Retrieved 4254: 4245: 4233:. Retrieved 4226: 4217: 4205: 4193:. Retrieved 4187: 4181: 4173: 4161:. Retrieved 4155: 4149: 4141: 4129:. Retrieved 4123: 4117: 4109: 4097:. Retrieved 4091: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4063: 4057: 4049: 4037: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3979:Milward 2013 3959: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3822: 3810: 3798: 3727:Gillett 1972 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3659: 3647: 3635: 3606: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3507:. Retrieved 3501: 3491: 3480: 3453: 3441:. Retrieved 3435: 3403: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3331:. Retrieved 3326: 3317: 3308: 3298: 3284: 3270: 3258: 3247: 3232: 3209: 3197: 3185: 3168:Living Blues 3166: 3160: 3148: 3124: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3042: 3037: 3027:February 21, 3025:. Retrieved 3015: 2988: 2976: 2969:Connell 2006 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916:. Retrieved 2909: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836:. Retrieved 2830: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2749: 2737:. Retrieved 2731: 2721: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2673: 2666:Edwards 1997 2661: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2593: 2585: 2573: 2561: 2549: 2522: 2510: 2505:, p. 7. 2498: 2487: 2467: 2462:, p. 6. 2455: 2447: 2439: 2427: 2410:Living Blues 2408: 2402: 2390: 2378:. Retrieved 2372: 2363: 2351: 2339: 2327: 2315:. Retrieved 2309: 2299: 2287: 2275:. Retrieved 2271: 2261: 2243: 2236: 2221: 2220: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2187: 2180: 2169: 2160: 2154:David Fricke 2147: 2113:David Fricke 2103: 2097: 2073:Love in Vain 2046: 2033: 2030:Grammy Award 2019: 1992: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1932: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1892: 1886: 1879: 1862: 1854:78 Quarterly 1853: 1846:Stephen Calt 1838: 1829:Danny Glover 1820: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1797:Living Blues 1796: 1785: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1731: 1727: 1715:Derek Trucks 1683:Led Zeppelin 1679:Robert Plant 1664: 1661:Eric Clapton 1655: 1648: 1636: 1628: 1612: 1593: 1565:Walter Davis 1558: 1535: 1526:Eddie Taylor 1519: 1514: 1508:Elmore James 1481: 1447: 1435: 1430: 1427:Musicianship 1418: 1408: 1403: 1388: 1384: 1375:, edited by 1372: 1358: 1345: 1331: 1328:John Hammond 1325: 1288: 1272:Love in Vain 1269: 1242: 1206: 1204: 1188: 1168: 1163: 1138: 1130:Eric Clapton 1119: 1105: 1097: 1052:slide guitar 1047: 1029: 1020: 1012: 1004: 996: 991: 983: 967: 960: 950:Living Blues 948: 942: 927: 922: 906: 899:Greil Marcus 896: 891:Pete Welding 880: 863:Willie Brown 852: 839: 836:Devil legend 823: 821: 796:Living Blues 795: 756: 732: 727: 718: 697: 695: 690: 684: 672: 662: 659:musicologist 648: 632: 604:Gunter Hotel 593: 534:Muddy Waters 527: 519: 510: 504: 502: 498: 487: 467: 455: 446:Willie Brown 439: 430: 395: 379: 347: 337: 333: 323: 319:guitar licks 315:Robert Plant 303:Eric Clapton 292: 286:Musicologist 271: 264:John Hammond 261: 218: 200: 199: 159:Years active 97:(1938-08-16) 32: 8624:1938 deaths 8619:1911 births 8494:Buddy Holly 8486:Phil Everly 8469:Fats Domino 8455:Ray Charles 8448:James Brown 8441:Chuck Berry 8279:Salt-N-Pepa 8223:Isaac Hayes 8159:Tina Turner 8109:Nina Simone 8094:Ahmad Jamal 7999:Maud Powell 7969:The Beatles 7944:Carole King 7929:Glenn Gould 7828:Clark Terry 7803:Bobby Darin 7783:Dean Martin 7667:The Weavers 7637:David Bowie 7581:Eddy Arnold 7546:Van Cliburn 7531:Tito Puente 7486:Count Basie 7385:Johnny Cash 7370:Roy Orbison 7350:Frank Zappa 7335:Buddy Holly 7300:Georg Solti 7295:Marvin Gaye 7260:Patsy Cline 7230:Fats Waller 7225:Pete Seeger 7220:Bill Monroe 7205:Chet Atkins 7180:James Brown 7170:Kitty Wells 7165:John Lennon 7124:Miles Davis 7044:Isaac Stern 7024:Fats Domino 7019:Ray Charles 6959:Chuck Berry 6884:Bing Crosby 6825:(1986 film) 6640:32-20 Blues 6360:Hal Leonard 6183:Lomax, Alan 6167:Lomax, Alan 6065:Hal Leonard 5957:Graves, Tom 5935:Delta Blues 5887:Hugo et cie 5642:Blesh, Rudi 5517:February 6, 5476:October 14, 5424:October 30, 5288:October 30, 5260:October 30, 5226:October 30, 5194:October 30, 5162:October 30, 5134:October 30, 5108:October 20, 5076:October 30, 5027:October 30, 4999:October 30, 4984:O'Neal, Jim 4934:LaVere 2011 4889:Komara 2007 4868:Nytimes.com 4840:Nytimes.com 4708:February 3, 4659:October 16, 4505:October 27, 4464:Marcus 2015 4452:LaVere 1990 4437:October 27, 4409:October 27, 4393:Terry Gross 4365:October 27, 4340:LaVere 1990 4322:October 30, 4278:Perone 2019 4263:October 25, 4235:October 25, 4195:October 21, 4163:October 24, 4131:October 24, 4071:October 24, 4015:Palmer 1981 4003:Palmer 1981 3904:Romano 2006 3892:Romano 2006 3856:Palmer 1981 3827:Komara 2007 3757:Perone 2019 3742:Komara 2007 3703:Wilson 1949 3640:LaVere 2011 3599:Perone 2019 3428:Myers, Marc 3348:LaVere 1990 3333:November 4, 3327:MasterClass 3111:Graves 2008 3099:Palmer 1981 3087:Marcus 2015 2933:Graves 2008 2832:Nytimes.com 2733:Nytimes.com 2292:LaVere 1990 2122:: performer 2008:: performer 1989:Sony Legacy 1949:Discography 1929:Descendants 1919:Vanity Fair 1903:Elijah Wald 1899:Lois Gibson 1894:Vanity Fair 1835:Photographs 1759:1920 census 1755:1910 census 1645:Marc Meyers 1615:Chuck Berry 1471:Elijah Wald 1307:Blind Blake 1195:Brian Jones 1044:Elijah Wald 1032:Delta blues 999:David Evans 919:David Evans 702:naphthalene 596:H. C. Speir 225:San Antonio 221:juke joints 210:Delta blues 138:Instruments 118:Occupations 112:Delta blues 82:May 8, 1911 8608:Categories 8567:Alan Freed 8482:Don Everly 8433:Performers 8339:Ann Wilson 8324:Slick Rick 8233:John Prine 8149:The Meters 8129:Hal Blaine 8054:Celia Cruz 8049:Ruth Brown 7949:Patti Page 7914:Diana Ross 7854:Roy Haynes 7788:Tom Paxton 7778:Brenda Lee 7773:Hank Jones 7758:Gene Autry 7586:Art Blakey 7571:Doc Watson 7566:Artie Shaw 7516:Etta James 7496:Perry Como 7471:Bob Marley 7360:Bo Diddley 7240:Bill Evans 7089:Lena Horne 6823:Crossroads 6264:Deep Blues 6159:1012032220 5931:Gioia, Ted 5796:Dylan, Bob 5650:A.A. Knopf 5363:Gibson.com 5281:Grammy.com 5183:Gibson.com 5155:Grammy.com 5069:Grammy.com 4968:August 15, 4380:Dylan 2004 3916:Evans 2005 3844:Rubin 2015 3691:Blesh 1946 3664:Lomax 1940 3652:Lomax 1940 3628:Gioia 2008 3485:Dylan 2004 3263:Lomax 1993 3252:Evans 1999 3214:Hyatt 1973 2765:Lomax 1993 2654:Gioia 2008 2642:Gioia 2008 2578:Gioia 2008 2253:References 2193:Tim McGraw 2134:Gibson.com 1685:recorded " 1609:Rock music 1596:Jim O'Neal 1522:Jimmy Reed 1450:root chord 1381:Rudi Blesh 1361:Alan Lomax 1333:New Masses 1257:vaudeville 1239:Influences 1183:See also: 1179:Instrument 1109:Marc Myers 1068:Leroy Carr 1015:Alan Lomax 969:Crossroads 956:Beauregard 907:Crossroads 687:strychnine 546:Will Shade 530:Alan Lomax 437:musician. 376:Early life 301:movement; 289:Alan Lomax 130:songwriter 78:1911-05-08 63:Birth name 8462:Sam Cooke 8319:Ma Rainey 8114:Sly Stone 8019:Buddy Guy 7984:Kraftwerk 7839:2011–2020 7743:Max Roach 7733:Doris Day 7708:Bob Wills 7697:The Doors 7677:Joan Baez 7446:2001–2010 7405:Mel Tormé 7390:Sam Cooke 7265:Peggy Lee 7160:Bob Dylan 7145:1991–2000 7104:Art Tatum 7039:B.B. King 7004:Roy Acuff 6874:1963–1990 6514:1055-2758 6138:711060972 6095:Koda, Cub 6083:Koda, Cub 5563:0006-2510 5554:Billboard 5342:April 15, 5315:April 15, 5101:Blues.org 4993:Blues.org 4957:About.com 4916:March 12, 4758:Chron.com 4624:April 15, 4599:April 15, 4590:in 1991)" 4588:LA Weekly 4554:August 6, 4256:Blues.org 4228:Blues.org 4030:Wald 2004 3991:Koda 1996 3952:Wald 2004 3815:Wald 2004 3803:Wald 2004 3584:Wald 2004 3572:Wald 2004 3560:Wald 2004 3548:Wald 2004 3536:Wald 2004 3524:Wald 2004 3509:April 15, 3473:Wald 2004 3458:Wald 2004 3443:April 16, 3408:Wald 2004 3396:Wald 2004 3384:Wald 2004 3372:Wald 2004 3360:Wald 2004 3177:0024-5232 3008:Wald 2004 2889:Wald 2004 2877:Wald 2004 2865:Wald 2004 2838:April 15, 2702:Wald 2004 2472:Wald 2004 2444:Wald 2004 2419:0024-5232 1991:released 1673:Bob Dylan 1647:, of the 1550:Magic Sam 1353:Ted Gioia 1342:Leadbelly 1255:music or 1172:Bob Dylan 1141:B.B. King 1088:Ink Spots 1064:St. Louis 1038:, of the 1005:There are 887:Son House 871:the devil 745:Gravesite 712:and with 706:mothballs 663:pro forma 639:Vitagraph 560:producer 548:, of the 528:In 1941, 442:Son House 307:Bob Dylan 244:1937–1938 163:1929–1938 150:harmonica 8228:Iggy Pop 8009:Bee Gees 7723:The Band 7501:Al Green 6452:(2004). 6314:ABC-CLIO 6262:(1981). 6211:(2015). 6185:(1993). 6097:(eds.). 5981:(1998). 5959:(2008). 5933:(2008). 5907:(1972). 5858:(2005). 5820:(1997). 5798:(2004). 5735:(2019). 5686:(1973). 5676:Rinehart 5670:(1959). 5644:(1946). 5396:July 30, 4653:Archived 4499:AllMusic 4189:AllMusic 4157:AllMusic 4125:AllMusic 4099:July 24, 4093:Goldmine 4065:AllMusic 3981:, eBook. 3846:, eBook. 3793:, eBook. 2918:April 2, 2211:Timeless 2023:magazine 1825:Keb' Mo' 1583:(1954), 1575:(1949), 1571:(1945), 1567:(1941), 1563:(1939), 1217:Romantic 767:cenotaph 614:", and " 426:jaw harp 406:Commerce 352:Keb' Mo' 172:Vocalion 124:Musician 8314:Nirvana 8213:Chicago 8079:Run-DMC 7874:Ramones 7476:The Who 6798:(manga) 6776:Related 6458:Amistad 5787:1557967 5601:Mel Bay 5374:June 3, 4952:(2011)" 4818:May 20, 4431:Npr.org 4403:Npr.org 4358:Npr.org 3437:WSJ.com 2739:May 22, 2596:(1975). 2450:(2000). 2317:May 18, 2183:27 Club 1781:Don Law 1621:" and " 1303:ragtime 1225:Shelley 1219:poets, 1145:Lucille 1080:ragtime 1060:Chicago 1034:style. 600:Don Law 566:Don Law 470:Memphis 412:, near 408:in the 390:Memphis 240:singles 233:Don Law 182:Website 8284:Selena 6587:Albums 6512: 6490: 6464: 6438: 6412: 6389: 6366: 6343: 6320: 6297: 6274: 6248: 6225: 6197: 6157: 6136: 6111: 6071: 6039: 6016: 5993: 5967: 5945: 5919: 5893: 5870: 5832: 5806: 5784: 5747: 5717: 5694: 5656: 5630: 5607: 5584: 5561: 5450:May 3, 5392:. 2014 5284:. 2006 5158:. 1998 5104:. 1991 5072:. 1991 5023:. 1986 3175: 3049: 2417: 1751: 1701: 1631: 1502:, and 1458: 1442: 1338: 1317:Legacy 1295:croons 1249: 1233: 1229: 1201:Lyrics 1157: 1153: 1149: 1100: 1091: 1007: 685:While 635:Dallas 514: 474:Helena 414:Tunica 359:, and 357:Grammy 313:, and 237:78 rpm 229:Dallas 168:Labels 147:vocals 144:Guitar 127:singer 108:Genres 87:, U.S. 8368:N.W.A 8349:2024 8305:2023 8295:2022 8260:2021 8209:2020 8165:2019 8154:Queen 8125:2018 8085:2017 8045:2016 8005:2015 7965:2014 7925:2013 7885:2012 7845:2011 7794:2010 7754:2009 7714:2008 7673:2007 7642:Cream 7633:2006 7577:2005 7542:2004 7512:2003 7482:2002 7452:2001 7411:2000 7381:1999 7356:1998 7311:1997 7286:1996 7256:1995 7236:1994 7201:1993 7176:1992 7151:1991 7115:1990 7065:1989 7000:1987 6980:1986 6970:1985 6955:1984 6940:1972 6930:1971 6920:1968 6910:1967 6900:1966 6890:1965 6880:1963 6697:" / " 6686:" / " 6675:" / " 6664:" / " 6653:" / " 6642:" / " 6631:" / " 6219:Plume 5987:Plume 4492:Roots 4259:. n.d 2594:Blues 2228:manga 2109:' 1221:Keats 1126:pitch 1116:Voice 1076:swing 986:Legba 947:, in 848:Faust 710:ulcer 645:Death 386:lynch 361:Blues 255:at a 242:from 205:blues 8341:and 8176:and 7701:The 7590:The 6510:ISSN 6503:The 6488:ISBN 6462:ISBN 6436:ISBN 6410:ISBN 6387:ISBN 6364:ISBN 6341:ISBN 6318:ISBN 6295:ISBN 6272:ISBN 6246:ISBN 6242:UPNE 6223:ISBN 6195:ISBN 6155:OCLC 6134:OCLC 6109:ISBN 6069:ISBN 6037:ISBN 6014:ISBN 5991:ISBN 5965:ISBN 5943:ISBN 5917:ISBN 5891:ISBN 5868:ISBN 5830:ISBN 5804:ISBN 5745:ISBN 5715:ISBN 5692:ISBN 5654:ISBN 5628:ISBN 5605:ISBN 5582:ISBN 5559:ISSN 5519:2023 5478:2023 5452:2023 5426:2020 5398:2021 5376:2010 5344:2021 5317:2021 5290:2020 5262:2020 5228:2020 5196:2020 5164:2020 5136:2020 5110:2020 5078:2020 5045:Spin 5029:2020 5001:2020 4970:2011 4918:2021 4876:2015 4848:2015 4820:2020 4792:2015 4766:2015 4738:2015 4710:2013 4661:2023 4626:2021 4601:2021 4556:2019 4507:2021 4439:2021 4411:2021 4367:2021 4324:2020 4265:2021 4237:2021 4197:2021 4165:2021 4133:2021 4101:2023 4073:2021 3511:2021 3445:2021 3335:2022 3173:ISSN 3047:ISBN 3029:2024 2920:2019 2913:.com 2840:2021 2741:2010 2415:ISSN 2382:2018 2319:2020 2279:2022 2191:The 2071:", " 2067:", " 2063:", " 2021:Spin 1935:will 1909:and 1848:and 1367:", " 1223:and 901:and 861:and 806:and 719:The 610:", " 472:and 416:and 328:and 189:.org 92:Died 72:Born 5782:PMC 5774:doi 5770:333 3309:NPR 2239:Nas 2206:NBC 1852:in 1594:In 1556:". 1205:In 1078:or 1062:or 869:to 404:to 342:by 8610:: 8484:, 8424:– 6508:. 6486:. 6460:. 6434:. 6408:. 6385:. 6362:. 6339:. 6316:. 6293:. 6270:. 6244:. 6240:. 6221:. 6193:. 6173:. 6153:. 6132:. 6107:. 6089:; 6067:. 6035:. 6012:. 6008:. 5989:. 5941:. 5915:. 5889:. 5885:. 5866:. 5828:. 5824:. 5780:. 5768:. 5762:. 5743:. 5739:. 5731:; 5713:. 5709:. 5674:. 5652:. 5648:. 5626:. 5603:. 5599:. 5580:. 5576:. 5505:. 5468:. 5442:. 5415:. 5360:. 5333:. 5306:. 5278:. 5251:. 5236:^ 5217:. 5180:. 5152:. 5126:. 5098:. 5066:. 5017:. 4990:. 4954:. 4926:^ 4865:. 4837:. 4809:. 4783:. 4755:. 4727:. 4699:. 4678:. 4651:. 4645:. 4592:. 4576:^ 4547:. 4496:. 4428:. 4355:. 4332:^ 4308:. 4297:^ 4253:. 4225:. 4186:. 4154:. 4122:. 4090:. 4062:. 4022:^ 3971:^ 3834:^ 3781:^ 3764:^ 3749:^ 3734:^ 3671:^ 3618:^ 3591:^ 3500:. 3465:^ 3434:. 3415:^ 3325:. 3307:. 3221:^ 3133:^ 3000:^ 2908:. 2829:. 2730:. 2534:^ 2479:^ 2371:. 2308:. 2270:. 2111:s 2096:: 1975:. 1905:, 1865:, 1737:, 1693:". 1498:, 1494:, 1490:, 1486:, 741:. 507:: 367:. 309:, 270:, 8414:e 8407:t 8400:v 6859:e 6852:t 6845:v 6768:" 6764:" 6761:" 6757:" 6754:" 6750:" 6736:" 6732:" 6729:" 6725:" 6722:" 6718:" 6715:" 6711:" 6708:" 6704:" 6701:" 6693:" 6690:" 6682:" 6679:" 6671:" 6668:" 6660:" 6657:" 6649:" 6646:" 6638:" 6635:" 6627:" 6572:e 6565:t 6558:v 6516:. 6496:. 6470:. 6444:. 6418:. 6395:. 6372:. 6349:. 6326:. 6303:. 6280:. 6254:. 6231:. 6203:. 6117:. 6077:. 6045:. 6022:. 5999:. 5973:. 5951:. 5925:. 5899:. 5876:. 5850:. 5838:. 5812:. 5790:. 5776:: 5753:. 5723:. 5700:. 5678:. 5662:. 5636:. 5613:. 5565:. 5521:. 5480:. 5454:. 5428:. 5400:. 5378:. 5346:. 5319:. 5292:. 5264:. 5230:. 5211:" 5198:. 5166:. 5138:. 5112:. 5092:" 5080:. 5064:" 5031:. 5003:. 4972:. 4920:. 4878:. 4850:. 4822:. 4794:. 4768:. 4740:. 4712:. 4684:. 4663:. 4628:. 4603:. 4558:. 4509:. 4441:. 4413:. 4369:. 4326:. 4267:. 4239:. 4199:. 4167:. 4135:. 4103:. 4075:. 3693:. 3513:. 3447:. 3337:. 3311:. 3278:. 3241:. 3216:. 3179:. 3143:. 3113:. 3101:. 3089:. 3053:. 3031:. 2922:. 2842:. 2779:. 2767:. 2743:. 2544:. 2421:. 2384:. 2321:. 2281:. 2156:) 2075:" 2049:) 2038:) 1733:– 1717:. 1289:" 1170:— 1107:— 777:. 80:) 76:( 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index