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was spending $ 134 billion, 23% of its total budget, on back-office work, and that the back-office bureaucracy staff of over one million people was nearly as great as the number of active duty troops. On
January 22, 2015, the board then voted to recommend adoption of McKinsey's five-year plan to cut
686:
became defense secretary in
January 2017, he asked Work to remain as deputy in order to complete several tasks, including preparing an amendment for additional funding in fiscal year 2017 and preparing the fiscal year 2018 budget for submittal in May 2017. This may have marked the first time in
783:
project while helping China's AI technology that could be used against the United States in a conflict. He described Google as hypocritical, given it has opened an AI center in China and said "nything thatâs going on in the AI center in China is going to the
Chinese government and then will
678:
argued that he could not achieve any efficiencies and, instead, that he needed to hire 1,000 more staff. Secretary Carter then replaced the board chairman, classified the McKinsey results as secret, and removed the report from public websites.
1196:
2640:
2630:
2730:
2625:
517:, teaching defense analysis and roles and missions of the armed forces. During this period, Work wrote and spoke extensively on naval and marine strategy. He also directed and analyzed
1447:
1304:
2635:
2658:
1332:"Robert O. Work, fd bitrÀdande försvarsminister, förlÀnas NordstjÀrneorden för arbetet med att fördjupa försvarssamarbetet mellan Sverige och USA.pic.twitter.com/JmDuF8GQQE"
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for assuming that the United States would always have an advantage in guided weapons and, as such, be able to quickly defeat any foe.
2720:
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1586:
1537:
1074:
784:
ultimately end up in the hands of the
Chinese military. I didnât see any Google employee saying, âHmm, maybe we shouldn't do that.'"
613:
589:
In 2012, after submitting a budget request that reduced submarine construction, Work said that only a submarine could operate in the
330:
48:
869:
1253:
2725:
716:
553:
470:; the first head of the Marine Corps' Strategic Initiatives Group, a small analytical group that provided advice directly to the
1500:
1089:
819:
722:
At a farewell ceremony in the
Pentagon's auditorium on January 13, 2017, outgoing Defense Secretary Carter pinned Work with the
687:
history when the top three posts at the
Pentagon â secretary, deputy secretary, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs â were held by
670:
the next month, Deputy
Secretary Work expressed his concerns that any gain from savings achieved would then be removed from the
533:
in 2006. Work's work has focused on defense strategy; proposals to restructure the
Department of Defense; and maritime affairs.
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1357:
671:
557:
433:
2097:
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1835:
1827:
1818:
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655:
479:
373:
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Work's military service began while he was an undergraduate at the
University of Illinois, where he was a member of the
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This story was written Mass
Communication Specialist 2nd Class Shannon Burns; Defense Media Activity-Navy.
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1280:"U.S. is 'not prepared to defend or compete in the A.I. era,' says expert group chaired by Eric Schmidt"
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in various positions relating to military and strategic study. From 2013 to 2014, he was the CEO of the
1862:
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445:
353:
289:
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957:
556:, Work was a member of the Department of Defense Transition Team, focusing on the transition at the
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505:(CSBA) as a senior fellow for maritime affairs. He later became the CSBA's vice president for
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329:(born January 17, 1953) is an American national security professional who served as the 32nd
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On February 7, 2014, President Obama nominated Work to become Deputy Secretary of Defense.
569:
368:(CNAS). After his time as Deputy Secretary of Defense, he went on to serve on the board of
8:
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1997:
1982:
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In June 2020, Work joined as Chairman of the Board of SparkCognition Government Systems (
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475:
405:
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820:"Nominations Before the Senate Armed Service Committee, First Session, 111th Congress"
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2135:
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2012:
2007:
1977:
1852:
1746:
1651:
1636:
1305:"AI commission sees 'extraordinary' support to stand up tech-focused service academy"
879:
823:
675:
586:, asking if the numbers or types could be reduced in favor of more unmanned systems.
510:
506:
452:
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238:
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In June 2020, Govini announced the appointment of Work as its chairman of the board.
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Work spent 27 years in the Marines, holding a variety of positions. He commanded an
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1384:"Govini Announces the Appointment of Hon. Robert O. Work as Chairman of the Board"
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1410:"Former US Defense Official Says Google Has Stepped Into a 'Moral Hazard'"
1022:"Budget Cuts and New Ways of Doing Business Await the Marine Corps â Blog"
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1254:"National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence Initial Report"
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1121:"Senate Committee Confirms Work's Nomination for Pentagon No. 2 Spot"
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After retiring as Deputy Defense Secretary, Work in 2018 criticized
2190:
1358:"Robert Work Named Johns Hopkins APL Senior Fellow - ExecutiveBiz"
1469:"Can the US compete with China? Not without strong patent rights"
1197:"Pentagon buries evidence of $ 125 billion in bureaucratic waste"
997:
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Can the US compete with China? Not without strong patent rights.
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announced that Work would be their new CEO as of April 22, 2013.
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In July 2011, Work called into question the navy's plans for the
397:
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administrations from 2014 to 2017. Prior to that, Work was the
16:
American marine, military strategist and politician (born 1953)
1501:
Faculty Profile at the Elliott School of International Affairs
1496:
Defense.gov biography for Deputy Secretary of Defense Bob Work
1075:"Bill to keep steady funding of Virginia-class subs advances."
2731:
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni
1052:"Navy Leaders Frustrated by Littoral Combat Ship Naysayers."
724:
Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service
719:, the Department of the Navy's highest award for civilians.
489:. Work's rank when he retired from the Marines in 2001 was
401:
393:
1187:
1826:
416:; and a master's degree in International Policy from the
1152:"Obama Nominates Work as Next Deputy Defense Secretary"
846:"Robert O. Work | U.S. Department of Defense Biography"
701:
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence
695:
National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence
356:; Work retired in 2001 and worked as a civilian at the
754:
715:
On March 21, 2013, Robert Work was presented with the
646:
In October 2014, Deputy Secretary Work instructed the
418:
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
729:
In December 2019 Work was presented with the Swedish
1229:"Three Marines Leading Pentagon Staying Put for Now"
773:
and its employees for, in his view, stepping into a
654:
to identify wasteful spending. McKinsey discovered
1448:"The Pentagon must modernize before it's too late"
1102:"Robert Work To Head Defense, Security Think Tank"
2736:Military personnel from Charlotte, North Carolina
2697:
1090:"Navy Undersecretary Robert Work to step down."
726:, the Pentagon's highest award for a civilian.
348:from 2009 to 2013, and before that served as a
2771:Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
2756:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
1467:Work, Robert; Elluru, Rama (24 October 2023).
603:
536:
503:Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
412:; an M.S. in Space System Operations from the
358:Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
1812:
1571:
575:Work has criticized former Defense Secretary
779:for themselves as not continuing Pentagon's
2751:United States Under Secretaries of the Navy
2741:United States deputy secretaries of defense
1587:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense
1329:
884:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
740:
474:; and, in his highest military posting, as
379:
1819:
1805:
1578:
1564:
1466:
1127:. Gannett Government Media. Archived from
1036:"New Threat To F-35 Joint Strike Fighter."
900:"Robert O. Work | Pentagon Revolving Door"
217:University of Illinois at UrbanaâChampaign
31:
1538:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
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614:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
331:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
120:United States Under Secretary of the Navy
49:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
2761:University of Southern California alumni
1149:
748:Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
618:
607:
540:
372:. As of October 2023, he serves on the
1222:
1220:
1118:
998:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
872:"Navy Says Farewell to Under Secretary"
717:Navy Distinguished Public Service Medal
710:
699:From 2019 to 2021, Work co-chaired the
554:presidential transition of Barack Obama
2698:
2641:Research, Development and Acquisitions
1170:
787:
764:
132:May 19, 2009 â March 22, 2013
2631:Energy, Installations and Environment
1828:United States Secretaries of the Navy
1800:
1559:
1277:
1008:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
992:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2711:George Washington University faculty
2626:Financial Management and Comptroller
1226:
1217:
984:"From the Director: September, 2015"
558:United States Department of the Navy
434:Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps
61:May 1, 2014 â July 14, 2017
2746:United States Marine Corps officers
1430:"Where in the World Is Larry Page?"
981:
480:United States Secretary of the Navy
374:Special Competitive Studies Project
13:
2766:Center for a New American Security
598:Center for a New American Security
527:Office of the Secretary of Defense
496:
427:
366:Center for a New American Security
14:
2782:
2674:Research, Engineering and Systems
1489:
1227:Sisk, Richard (1 February 2017).
1150:Garamone, Jim (7 February 2014).
1119:McLeary, Paul (7 February 2014).
803:, (co-authored with Rama Elluru)
746:In October 2017, Work joined the
584:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
410:University of Southern California
226:University of Southern California
2721:Naval Postgraduate School alumni
2272:
2265:
2258:
1785:
1595:
982:Art, Robert (1 September 2015).
509:. He also took a position as an
307:
282:
264:
1460:
1440:
1422:
1402:
1376:
1350:
1330:Försvarsdep (9 December 2019).
1323:
1297:
1271:
1246:
1158:. American Forces Press Service
1143:
1112:
1094:
1083:
1067:
1044:
904:Project On Government Oversight
2726:Obama administration personnel
1028:
1014:
975:
943:
918:
892:
863:
838:
812:
674:by Congress. Under Secretary
593:during a conflict with China.
568:and Work was confirmed by the
472:Commandant of the Marine Corps
1:
806:
731:Royal Order of the Polar Star
631:, Deputy Sec. Work, and Gen.
2636:Manpower and Reserve Affairs
515:George Washington University
485:. In 1997â1998, he attended
362:George Washington University
7:
2659:Installations and Logistics
2646:General Counsel of the Navy
1278:Shead, Sam (2 March 2021).
850:U. S. Department of Defense
792:
604:Deputy Secretary of Defense
566:Under Secretary of the Navy
547:Under Secretary of the Navy
537:Under Secretary of the Navy
346:Under Secretary of the Navy
10:
2787:
2679:Shipbuilding and Logistics
531:Quadrennial Defense Review
446:United States Marine Corps
354:United States Marine Corps
290:United States Marine Corps
2618:
2477:
2466:
2281:
2256:
2096:
1843:
1834:
1783:
1602:
1593:
1544:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1073:Shapiro, Michael Welles.
1062:National Defense Magazine
662:However, after Secretary
650:to hire consultants from
529:. He participated in the
414:Naval Postgraduate School
386:Charlotte, North Carolina
320:
303:
295:
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259:
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235:Naval Postgraduate School
212:
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54:
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30:
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2669:Research and Development
741:Boards & Fellowships
659:$ 125 billion in waste.
523:Office of Net Assessment
422:Johns Hopkins University
380:Early life and education
244:Johns Hopkins University
1057:24 October 2015 at the
781:artificial intelligence
400:. Work later earned an
37:Official portrait, 2014
652:McKinsey & Company
648:Defense Business Board
640:
616:
549:
390:University of Illinois
376:'s board of advisors.
1362:blog.executivebiz.com
622:
611:
544:
296:Years of service
1456:. 17 September 2018.
1436:. 13 September 2018.
1388:www.businesswire.com
1309:Federal News Network
1041:, September 1, 2011.
733:by defense minister
711:Awards and accolades
570:United States Senate
478:and Special Aide to
462:. He rose to become
1202:The Washington Post
1195:(5 December 2016).
1108:. 21 February 2013.
788:Recent publications
765:Criticism of Google
750:as a Senior Fellow.
448:in September 1974.
112:Patrick M. Shanahan
1523:Political offices
1131:on 7 February 2014
641:
625:John M. Richardson
617:
564:nominated Work as
550:
476:Military Assistant
406:Systems Management
388:. He attended the
165:Janine A. Davidson
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2254:
2253:
1794:
1793:
1554:
1553:
1545:Succeeded by
1064:, April 19, 2012.
963:on 6 October 2015
951:"S. HRG. 113â611"
676:Frank Kendall III
572:on May 19, 2009.
511:adjunct professor
507:strategic studies
453:artillery battery
442:second lieutenant
384:Work was born in
327:Robert Orton Work
324:
323:
184:Robert Orton Work
2778:
2550:T. Roosevelt Jr.
2505:T. Roosevelt Sr.
2475:
2474:
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2098:Dept. of Defense
1841:
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1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
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1599:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1528:Preceded by
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1457:
1444:
1438:
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1415:Voice of America
1406:
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1364:. 4 October 2017
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1080:, 26 April 2012.
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1034:Sweetman, Bill.
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1026:
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956:. Archived from
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822:. Archived from
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666:was replaced by
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255:Military service
208:
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194:January 17, 1953
193:
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175:Personal details
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153:Dionel M. Aviles
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1453:Washington Post
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1418:. 26 June 2018.
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1125:defensenews.com
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1059:Wayback Machine
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735:Peter Hultqvist
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577:Donald Rumsfeld
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497:Civilian career
487:MIT Seminar XXI
430:
428:Military career
382:
360:(CSBA) and the
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634:
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1338:(in Swedish)
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1248:
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1233:Military.com
1232:
1207:. Retrieved
1205:. p. A1
1200:
1193:Bob Woodward
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
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1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
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958:the original
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929:
926:"Who We Are"
920:
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840:
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824:the original
814:
798:
796:
776:moral hazard
774:
768:
728:
721:
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705:Eric Schmidt
698:
684:James Mattis
681:
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645:
642:
612:Flag of the
595:
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562:Barack Obama
560:. President
551:
545:Flag of the
525:and for the
500:
450:
438:commissioned
431:
383:
326:
325:
160:Succeeded by
141:Barack Obama
127:
107:Succeeded by
74:Donald Trump
70:Barack Obama
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2706:1953 births
2545:G. Woodbury
2470:Secretaries
2433:Livingstone
2285:Secretaries
2241:Braithwaite
1893:L. Woodbury
1836:Secretaries
1511:Appearances
1368:21 December
1342:10 December
1078:Daily Press
855:24 December
664:Chuck Hagel
552:During the
148:Preceded by
95:Preceded by
2700:Categories
2378:Middendorf
2171:Middendorf
1983:R Thompson
1878:S Thompson
1542:2014â2017
1531:Ash Carter
1478:24 October
1394:31 October
1238:2 February
1209:6 December
1162:8 February
1135:7 February
935:20 October
807:References
668:Ash Carter
455:, then an
260:Allegiance
190:1953-01-17
100:Ash Carter
88:Jim Mattis
84:Ash Carter
2650:defunct:
2619:Postâ1954
2530:Satterlee
2468:Assistant
2388:Macdonald
2323:Whitehair
2293:Forrestal
2088:Forrestal
2033:Bonaparte
1898:Dickerson
1742:Wolfowitz
1682:Ellsworth
1652:Gilpatric
1632:Robertson
967:14 August
629:Ray Mabus
519:war games
468:Camp Fuji
460:battalion
457:artillery
436:. He was
408:from the
299:1974â2001
213:Education
201:Charlotte
137:President
128:In office
80:Secretary
66:President
57:In office
47:32nd
2664:Material
2555:Robinson
2535:Winthrop
2525:Newberry
2478:Preâ1954
2448:Davidson
2403:Goodrich
2333:T. Gates
2308:Sullivan
2303:A. Gates
2246:Del Toro
2156:Ignatius
2141:Connally
2131:T. Gates
2121:Anderson
2111:Matthews
2106:Sullivan
2043:Newberry
1998:Chandler
1933:Bancroft
1903:Paulding
1883:Southard
1863:Hamilton
1853:Stoddert
1772:Norquist
1767:Shanahan
1697:Carlucci
1677:Clements
1627:Anderson
1506:CNAS bio
1473:The Hill
1055:Archived
880:cite web
800:The Hill
793:Articles
521:for the
370:Raytheon
2600:Koehler
2595:Andrews
2575:Compton
2560:Jahncke
2520:Darling
2515:Hackett
2408:Garrett
2393:Woolsey
2373:Sanders
2358:Baldwin
2318:Kimball
2236:Spencer
2221:England
2206:O'Keefe
2201:Garrett
2181:Hidalgo
2176:Claytor
2116:Kimball
2073:Swanson
2053:Daniels
2038:Metcalf
2013:Herbert
2003:Whitney
1978:Robeson
1953:Kennedy
1943:Preston
1918:Henshaw
1747:England
1737:de Leon
1692:Claytor
1667:Packard
1647:Douglas
1637:Quarles
830:4 April
689:Marines
627:, Sec.
491:colonel
444:of the
398:Biology
352:in the
350:colonel
314:Colonel
2610:Fogler
2605:Askins
2590:Kenney
2585:Hensel
2570:Edison
2500:McAdoo
2438:Aviles
2423:Hultin
2418:Danzig
2413:Howard
2398:Murray
2383:Potter
2368:Warner
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2328:Thomas
2313:Kenney
2226:Winter
2216:Danzig
2211:Dalton
2186:Lehman
2166:Warner
2161:Chafee
2136:Franke
2126:Thomas
2078:Edison
2063:Wilbur
2028:Morton
1968:Welles
1963:Toucey
1958:Dobbin
1948:Graham
1923:Gilmer
1913:Upshur
1908:Badger
1888:Branch
1757:Carter
1722:Deutch
1712:Atwood
1702:Thayer
1687:Duncan
1617:Foster
1612:Lovett
1515:C-SPAN
1315:12 May
1289:12 May
1263:12 May
910:10 May
771:Google
287:
269:
207:, U.S.
2510:Allen
2495:Soley
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2428:Pirie
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2343:Bantz
2283:Under
2231:Mabus
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2146:Korth
2068:Adams
2058:Denby
2048:Meyer
2023:Moody
2008:Tracy
1973:Borie
1938:Mason
1928:Mason
1868:Jones
1858:Smith
1777:Hicks
1732:Hamre
1727:White
1717:Perry
1662:Nitze
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1642:Gates
1607:Early
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335:Obama
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2018:Long
1993:Hunt
1988:Goff
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1752:Lynn
1707:Taft
1672:Rush
1622:Kyes
1480:2023
1396:2021
1370:2022
1344:2019
1317:2021
1291:2021
1284:CNBC
1265:2021
1240:2017
1211:2016
1164:2014
1137:2014
969:2015
937:2023
930:SCSP
912:2023
886:link
857:2018
832:2015
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394:B.S.
337:and
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