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marked by economic prosperity in the U.S. Rubin is credited as one of the main individuals behind U.S. economic growth, creating near full-employment and bullish stock markets while avoiding inflation. From the time he joined the White House until he announced his resignation from
Treasury in 1999, U.S. unemployment fell from 6.9 percent to 4.3 percent; the U.S. budget went from a $ 255 billion deficit to a $ 70 billion surplus, and inflation fell. Rubin was succeeded in early July 1999 as Treasury secretary by his deputy,
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713:, has said in explaining Rubin's strong opposition to the regulations proposed by Born that Greenspan and Rubin were "joined at the hip on this. They were certainly very fiercely opposed to this and persuaded me that this would cause chaos." However, in Rubin's autobiography, he notes that he believed derivatives could pose significant problems and that many people who used derivatives did not fully understand the risks they were taking. In 2008,
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said the following in an editorial: "Even before he became Bill
Clinton's treasury secretary, during his days as a high-powered Wall Street executive, Rubin was passionate about fostering business investment as the way to fight poverty in depressed city and rural areas. That made him somewhat unusual
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later said
Clinton "inadvertently conflated an analysis he received on a specific derivatives proposal with then-Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan's arguments against any regulation of derivatives". He said Clinton still wished he had pursued legislation to regulate derivatives while confirming
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have stated that Rubin's policies as
Treasury Secretary helped drive American economic growth in the 1990s. However, his policies have also been criticized by some Republicans for not cutting taxes enough, while some Democrats have said that Rubin's policies contributed to the 2008 financial crisis.
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reported that the proposal in 1997 would not have improved oversight of derivatives. Rubin said the financial system "could benefit from better regulation of derivatives". However, "the politics would have made this impossible," he said. Rubin said he had been concerned about derivatives' potential
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to reflect climate change externalities, disclosure to investors by companies of the costs of carbon they emit that they might be required to absorb, and including in the U.S. government's fiscal projections the future costs of dealing with climate change—to help catalyze a more active response to
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cleared Rubin of having done anything illegal. Rubin later maintained that he had acted both as a
Citigroup executive protecting his company's position and as a former Treasury official concerned about the impact that Enron's failure might have on the larger economy. Rubin rejected criticisms of a
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In
December 2008, investors filed a lawsuit contending that Citigroup executives, including Rubin, sold shares at inflated prices while concealing the firm's risks. Citigroup settled the lawsuit in 2012, paying $ 590 million to claimants and denying any wrongdoing as part of the settlement. Rubin
643:
Early in the
Clinton administration, Rubin touted a balanced budget and a strong dollar as a way for the Fed to lower interest rates. He also argued that a balanced federal budget's broad benefits to society outweighed concerns that one group could benefit more than others. Rubin was the Clinton
856:, Rubin has stated that "he wasn't alone in failing to foresee the severity of the crisis that would emerge". Other industry observers criticized the lack of clarity about Rubin's role within the bank. The federal government spent $ 45 billion to acquire a stake in Citigroup in 2008 through the
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As
Treasury Secretary, Robert Rubin was on the record for stating that the Glass-Steagall Act was obsolete and outdated, and indeed its provisions had become less effective over time. However, it was not until the late 1990s that the Congress and the Clinton administration finally came round to
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Clinton nominated Rubin as
Treasury secretary in December 1994. On January 10, 1995, Rubin was sworn in as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury after the U.S. Senate confirmed him in a 99-0 vote. Rubin's tenure with the Clinton administration, especially as the head of Treasury, was
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in 1998 to stand. Rubin resigned from the
Clinton administration in July 1999. In October 1999, Rubin joined the leadership at Citigroup. Glass–Steagall was eventually repealed by the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act under Rubin's successor, Lawrence Summers, and was signed by Clinton in November 1999.
523:
created after winning the presidency. The National Economic Council, or NEC, enabled the White House to coordinate closely the workings of the Cabinet departments and agencies on policies ranging from budget and tax to international trade and alleviating poverty. The NEC coordinated policy
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noting that Rubin "collected more than $ 120 million in compensation from Citibank in the decade preceding the banking crash of 2008. When the bank, literally insolvent, was rescued by the taxpayer, he didn't write any check—he invoked uncertainty as an excuse." In 2010, the
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plan. Supporters said the Act helped create the late 1990s budget surplus and strong economic growth, while opponents noted it raised taxes. As officials deliberated the deficit reduction plan, Rubin advocated for tax increases on those in the upper-income tax bracket.
935:(APP), a group of ten individuals who advocated for equitable and sustainable development in Africa by publishing seven annual reports between 2009 and 2015. Rubin also served on the Global Citizenship Commission, convened by former British Prime Minister
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reported Rubin joined Citigroup as a board member and as a participant "in strategic managerial and operational matters of the Company, but no line responsibilities". The newspaper called this mix of oversight and management responsibilities "murky".
686:, then head of the CFTC. Rubin and other senior officials recommended Congress relieve the CFTC of regulatory authority over derivatives in November 1999. Over-the-counter credit derivatives were eventually excluded from regulation by the CFTC by the
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said that the budget deal "was critical" and "convinced nervous bond traders that the new Democratic president was serious about the deficit, lowering long-term interest rates, spurring economic growth and, ultimately, helping to balance the budget."
753:(CDFI) to invest in inner cities and increase the CDFI Fund. Addressing the needs of the urban poor was a top priority for Rubin during his tenure in the Clinton administration. Rubin also assisted with the Clinton administration's plan to increase
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credited Rubin with making the system work. "He's surely the only man or woman in America that I know who could make the NEC succeed," Strauss said in 1994. "Anyone else would have been a disruptive force, and the council wouldn't have worked."
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Following the 2008 financial crisis, critics argued Rubin increased risk-taking at Citigroup, thereby exposing the bank to greater losses, and that economic policies he promoted as Treasury secretary exacerbated the situation. According to
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Rubin has advocated for fiscal discipline and public investment, and worked to turn the federal budget deficit to a surplus while Treasury Secretary. He has advocated against high budget deficits and has been credited with developing the
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program in April 2010, former President Clinton said Rubin was wrong in the advice he gave him not to regulate derivatives, which was by then seen as one of the underlying causes of the 2007–08 financial crisis. Clinton adviser
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measures and expanding earned income tax credits to benefit low- and middle-income Americans. He has also opposed tax cuts that disproportionately benefit high earners, including those enacted during the administrations of
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796:(LISC), the nation's leading community development support organization, as chairman. Reflecting on his decision to join an institution devoted to bringing economic activity to neglected areas of the country, the
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586:(R-NE) called Rubin "an ideal public servant who put policy before politics." At the time of Rubin's resignation, Clinton called Rubin the "greatest secretary of the Treasury since Alexander Hamilton."
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982:, was published in May 2023. In it, he writes about his approach to "probabilistic thinking", or understanding that every decision carries risk. The book was named one of the "Best Books of 2023" by
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and concluded that Rubin "may have violated the laws of the United States in relation to the financial crisis" related to his role at Citigroup. The commission unanimously voted to refer him to the
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839:, Rubin's role at Citigroup focused on meeting with clients and government and business leaders, bringing in business, and serving as a sounding board to bank leadership. As the
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Rubin was a leading advocate for investment in distressed rural and urban communities in the Clinton administration, from his time with the NEC, leading the effort to expand the
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and others to promote U.S. policy in response to financial crises in Russian, Asian, and Latin American financial markets. On the cover of its February 15, 1999, edition,
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From January 25, 1993, to January 10, 1995, Rubin served in the White House as Assistant to the President for Economic Policy. In that capacity, he directed the
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and the costs of inaction. Calling climate change "the existential threat of our age," he called for the adoption of three proposals—revising estimates of the
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1070:. In 2014, Rubin served as a member of the U.S. Climate Risk Committee, which oversaw the development of an analysis of the economic risks of
575:, Rubin was "one of the architects of the Clinton administration's economic policy, and is often credited—along with Federal Reserve Chairman
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that he still believed he had received excellent advice on the economy and the financial system from Rubin and others during his presidency.
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Rubin and his wife, Judith O. Rubin, have two grown sons together, James Rubin (not to be confused with the former diplomat and journalist
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official, unsuccessfully seeking the Bush Administration's help in forestalling the downgrade. A subsequent staff investigation by the
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Rubin was born on August 29, 1938, in New York City to Jewish parents Sylvia (née Seiderman) and Alexander Rubin. He moved to
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reported in 2007, Rubin "has said publicly since he came to Citigroup in 1999 that he had no interest in running the bank".
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905:. He served as a member of the Harvard Corporation board until June 2014, and as of 2018, served on its finance committee.
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1663:"Rubin resigns post at Treasury; Wall Street wizard has helped guide the surging U.S. economy; Deputy picked as successor"
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In April 2016, he was one of eight former Treasury secretaries who called on the United Kingdom to remain a member of the
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money in December 2009 and the Treasury sold its remaining stake one year later, for a total net profit of $ 12 billion.
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Rubin briefly became chairman of Citigroup's board of directors from November 2007 to December 2007. According to
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recommendations going into the President's office, and monitored implementation of the decisions that came out.
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for further investigation; however, the DOJ did not pursue any further investigation or actions against Rubin.
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Rubin encouraged Clinton to focus on deficit reduction and he was "one of the chief architects" of Clinton's
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Thorndike, Joseph J. (December 1, 2014). "Robert Rubin: Stealth Liberal or Wall Street's Stalking Horse?".
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on Congress and the White House to repeal the Act, and so allow the mega-merger he had organized between
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administration's chief negotiator with a Republican-controlled Congress on the balanced-budget deal. The
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614:. Mexico recovered and the U.S. Treasury made a $ 580 million profit as a result of the loan agreement.
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resigned from Citigroup in 2009. Between 1999 and 2009, Rubin received total compensation, including
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possible conflict of interest and has said that if faced with the same choice, he would do it again.
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3372:"Democrats are pushing to renew the expanded child tax credit. Here's why that hasn't happened yet"
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Upon being sworn into office as Treasury secretary in January 1995, Rubin was confronted with the
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Market Oversight and Financial Services Advisory Committee, and advisory panels for New York Gov.
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This article is about the U.S economist and Secretary of the Treasury. For the mathematician, see
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zones across the U.S. The initiative offered tax breaks for businesses investing in those zones.
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1802:"Mexico in Crisis, the U.S. to the Rescue. The Financial Assistance Packages of 1982 and 1995"
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2014:
1074:. In an address at the Climate Leadership Conference on March 4, 2015, Rubin spoke about the
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who served under President Clinton), and Philip Rubin. The Rubins were long time members of
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2373:"William J. Clinton: "Statement on Signing the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act," November 12, 1999"
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In 1997 and 1998, Rubin, Greenspan, and Deputy Treasury Secretary Summers worked with the
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1744:"Former Treasury Secretary Rubin to Receive Eisenhower Institute Public Service Award"
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and supported a permanent refundable child tax credit with former Treasury Secretary
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579:—for the booming eight-year economic expansion, the second-longest in U.S. history".
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361:(born August 29, 1938) is an American retired banking executive, lawyer, and former
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As of 2024, Rubin is active in several organizations, including as a co-founder of
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Rubin is credited as a force behind Clinton-era economic prosperity, including the
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that has been a cornerstone of U.S. economic policy since his tenure at Treasury.
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Larsen, Kate; Delgado, Michael; Mohan, Shashank; Houser, Trevor (June 24, 2014).
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2751:"Robert Rubin Was Targeted for DOJ Investigation by Financial Crisis Commission"
2188:"Clinton: I Was Wrong to Listen to Wrong Advice Against Regulating Derivatives*"
872:, of $ 126 million from Citigroup. His compensation was criticized, with writer
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has been referred to as the "capstone" of Rubin's tenure as Treasury secretary.
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op-ed column titled "How Ignoring Climate Change Could Sink the U.S. Economy."
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2725:"Skin in the Game by Nassim Nicholas Taleb review – how risk should be shared"
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Paid Notice - Deaths RUBIN, SYLVIA SEIDERMAN - Paid Death Notice - NYTimes.com
1102:, urging regulators to manage financial disclosures regarding climate change.
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among Democrats, who generally emphasized government anti-poverty programs."
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repealing the act. This resulted in part from lobbying pressure exercised by
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3071:"The Best Books of 2023: Top Business Leaders Pick the Year's 58 Must-Reads"
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He has been described as a centrist, pro-business, "pro-growth Democrat" by
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3397:"Staying in EU 'best hope' for UK's future say ex-US Treasury secretaries"
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2802:"Reischauer, Rubin leave Harvard Corporation, Rhodes Scholars, Nobelists"
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Guerrera, Francesco; Farrell, Greg; Brewster, Deborah (January 9, 2009).
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presidential campaign in 1984 and headed the host committee for the 1992
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for three days before leaving to travel the world. He later attended the
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interviewed Rubin as part of their investigation into the causes of the
606:, with the advice of Rubin and Greenspan, provided $ 20 billion in U.S.
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Upon leaving the Clinton administration, Rubin joined the board of the
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Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate § Derivatives regulation
2511:"Robert Rubin, the new chairman at Citigroup, hits the ground running"
1771:"Robert Rubin's Legacy Up for Debate 10 Years After Citigroup Bailout"
939:, which reexamined and proposed an update to the United Nations' 1948
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in 1999 as chairman of the executive committee of the board. In 2001,
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In an Uncertain World: Tough Choices from Wall Street to Washington
3418:"American Climate Prospectus: Economic Risks in the United States"
3046:"Robert Rubin Warns That the U.S. Is Failing to Face Its Problems"
2709:"Rethinking Bob Rubin From Goldman Sachs Star to Crisis Scapegoat"
2345:"Former Treasury Secretary Joins Leadership Triangle at Citigroup"
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dubbed the three policymakers "The Committee to Save the World".
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3346:"Former U.S. Treasury secretaries back drugs, climate, tax bill"
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C-SPAN Q&A with Janet Tavakoli. Air date: April 19, 2009,
2155:"Clinton Calls Advice He Got on Derivatives 'Wrong' (Update1)"
928:, an investment banking advisory firm based in New York City.
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2571:"Citigroup settles shareholder CDO lawsuit for $ 590 million"
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climate change risks. He first outlined these proposals in a
980:
The Yellow Pad: Making Better Decisions in an Uncertain World
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People associated with Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton
6134:
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
3443:"Robert Rubin: Speech at the Climate Leadership Conference"
16:
American banking executive, lawyer, and government official
3502:"Former Treasury Chiefs Tell SEC to Crack Down on Climate"
2370:
2278:"Treasury Chief Robert Rubin Cultivates an Atypical Image"
2015:"Falling Upward: The Surprising Survival of Larry Summers"
3474:"How Ignoring Climate Change Could Sink the U.S. Economy"
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to create systemic risk since his time at Goldman Sachs.
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3264:"Former Treasury secretary: Trump will hurt the economy"
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2990:"Why we all need to begin thinking like global citizens"
2480:"Senate Report Says Rubin Acted Legally in Enron Matter"
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1345:"Business People; Chief Fund-Raisers Winding Up Efforts"
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2599:"U.S. turns a $ 12-billion profit on Citigroup bailout"
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Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
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924:. Additionally, Rubin serves as a senior counselor at
373:. Before his government service, he spent 26 years at
3291:"Two former Treasury chiefs wary of another stimulus"
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2963:"France "bad", Italy "useless" on aid goals - Geldof"
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2006:
1941:"Treasury Secretary Rubin Plans To Step Down In July"
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Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
3155:
Wroughton, Lesley; Lange, Jason (January 24, 2018).
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Stempel, Jonathan; Wilchins, Dan (January 9, 2009).
2625:"Investors accuse Citi execs of 'suspicious' trades"
2127:"Rubin: I Actually Supported Regulating Derivatives"
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took office in 1993, raised to cabinet-rank in 1996
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Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
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1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1521:
1519:
4953:Administrator of the Small Business Administration
2981:
2647:
2639:
2540:
2504:
2502:
2331:The Wall Street: The Long Demise of Glass-Steagall
2297:
2097:Schwartz, Nelson D.; Dash, Eric (April 27, 2008).
1911:Pearlstein, Steven; Chandler, Clay (May 4, 1997).
1910:
1855:Broder, John M.; Sanger, David E. (May 13, 1999).
1450:"Citigroup Corporate Governance - Robert E. Rubin"
1316:"Robert Rubin Joins Board Of Tech Investment Firm"
480:Rubin served as New York finance chairman for the
465:in New York City from 1964 to 1966 before joining
3255:
2820:
2269:
1876:
1848:
1819:
1790:
1598:
6055:
2471:
2402:
1991:
1989:
1749:
1516:
1200:Who's who in Finance and Industry - Google Books
1100:United States Securities and Exchange Commission
4798:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
3585:The White House - Office of the Press Secretary
3228:
2680:
2499:
2336:
1709:
1397:"Robert Rubin: Unassuming Goldman Sachs Leader"
1308:
3202:
3154:
2535:
2533:
1960:
5980:
5350:
5089:
4330:
3883:
3627:Rubin, Robert (2003). In An Uncertain World.
3211:"Rubin puts expertise to work for poor areas"
2886:"Strategists Bank on Budget-Neutral Policies"
2851:
2702:
2683:"Robert Rubin quits Citigroup amid criticism"
2649:"Rubin quits as Citi looks to sell brokerage"
1986:
1831:"Mexico Repays Bailout by U.S. Ahead of Time"
1716:Slud, Martha; McMillan, Alex (May 12, 1999).
1422:
920:and as co-chair of the advisory board of the
699:report, derivatives played a key role in the
589:
559:Robert Rubin official Treasury portrait, 1999
532:
2379:. University of California – Santa Barbara.
2096:
1997:"Taking Hard New Look at a Greenspan Legacy"
1854:
1715:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1425:"Ex-White House Aide to Be Economic Adviser"
1138:List of Jewish United States Cabinet members
1090:In 2016, former Treasury secretaries Rubin,
751:community development financial institutions
651:
630:
550:
192:January 25, 1993 – January 11, 1995
3558:"Schedule | Jewish Museum of Florida - FIU"
3527:"Board of Directors - Mrs. Judith O. Rubin"
3098:"The Larger-Than-Life Life of Robert Rubin"
2955:
2930:
2530:
2467:http://qanda.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1228
1685:
1683:
1558:
1213:"The Larger-Than-Life Life of Robert Rubin"
1202:. Books.google.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
688:Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000
491:He served on the board of directors of the
410:
6064:Chairs of the Council on Foreign Relations
5987:
5973:
5357:
5343:
5096:
5082:
4639:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
4337:
4323:
3890:
3876:
3182:
3176:
2218:"Robert Rubin, the man Wall Street trusts"
2210:
1938:
1290:"Robert Rubin, the man Wall Street trusts"
1284:
1282:
1280:
1061:
897:On July 1, 2002, Rubin became a member of
38:
6144:United States secretaries of the treasury
5994:
5319:List of former employees of Goldman Sachs
4916:Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
3899:United States Secretaries of the Treasury
3157:"U.S. 'strong dollar' policy in question"
2478:Oppel Jr., Richard A. (January 3, 2003).
2477:
1913:"Winners and Losers In a Balanced Budget"
1587:
1559:Cooper Ramo, Joshua (February 15, 1999).
1437:
1362:
782:
510:
6079:Alumni of the London School of Economics
3839:Order of precedence of the United States
3234:
2938:"About the Peter G. Peterson Foundation"
2857:
2776:"Rubin '60 is newest Corporation member"
2722:
2440:Cohan, William D. (September 30, 2012).
2303:
2124:
1680:
1632:
1388:
1237:
634:
554:
127:January 11, 1995 – July 2, 1999
3797:United States Secretary of the Treasury
3209:Goozner, Merrill (September 17, 1999).
3208:
2987:
2622:
2596:
2568:
2410:"Timeline: Rubin's career at Citigroup"
2248:Walsh, Kenneth T. (February 24, 1997).
2152:
2012:
1882:
1857:"Rubin Resigning as Treasury Secretary"
1494:
1277:
1238:Zerivitz, Marcia Jo (January 6, 2020).
1157:"TIMELINE: Rubin's career at Citigroup"
860:. Citigroup repaid $ 20 billion of the
598:, which threatened to result in Mexico
497:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
115:United States Secretary of the Treasury
6139:Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
6114:Clinton administration cabinet members
6056:
4620:Secretary of Health and Human Services
3369:
3343:
3318:Warner, Margaret (February 21, 2001).
3317:
3261:
3095:
3043:
3037:
2748:
2662:from the original on December 10, 2022
2635:from the original on December 6, 2008.
2383:from the original on February 7, 2016.
2275:
2185:
1799:
1394:
1342:
1336:
1190:(2007-01-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
610:to the Mexican government through the
602:on its foreign obligations. President
463:Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
5968:
5338:
5077:
4770:
4364:
4318:
3871:
3707:Chair and Chief Executive Officer of
3499:
3471:
2883:
2569:Stempel, Jonathan (August 30, 2012).
2439:
2247:
1995:Goodman, Peter S. (October 8, 2008).
1768:
1746:. Gettysburg College. April 26, 2000.
1606:"Robert E. Rubin: Treasury Secretary"
1525:
1368:
1241:Jews of Florida: Centuries of Stories
941:Universal Declaration on Human Rights
908:As of 2024, Rubin is involved in the
829:Senate Governmental Affairs committee
794:Local Initiatives Support Corporation
788:Local Initiatives Support Corporation
678:(CFTC) oversight of over-the-counter
461:Rubin was an attorney at the firm of
419:, at an early age and graduated from
68:June 30, 2007 – July 1, 2017
3537:from the original on August 18, 2007
3183:Greenhouse, Steven (July 25, 1993).
3126:"Rubin warns of a deficit's ripples"
3123:
3017:"Malala to attend rights commission"
2623:Graybow, Martha (December 3, 2008).
2508:
2342:
1423:Jackie Calmes (September 13, 2013).
1395:Fatsis, Stefan (December 10, 1992).
1371:"Democrats Choose New York for 1992"
1265:
1263:
1261:
996:
676:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
3096:Loomis, Carol J. (March 13, 2016).
2858:Meyerson, Harold (April 19, 2006).
2723:Williams, Zoe (February 22, 2018).
2304:Chandler, Clay (January 11, 1995).
1939:Crutsinger, Martin (May 13, 1999).
1660:
1633:Chandler, Clay (January 11, 1995).
1271:"Washington Post Live Robert Rubin"
1072:climate change in the United States
975:s ten best business books of 2003.
901:, the executive governing board of
887:United States Department of Justice
879:Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
13:
3597:
3262:Alesci, Cristina (March 6, 2017).
3237:"Treasury Secretary Rubin resigns"
2988:Waldron, Jeremy (April 22, 2016).
2749:Gandel, Stephen (March 13, 2016).
2371:Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T.
2153:Zumbrun, Joshua (April 19, 2010).
1828:
1691:"Treasury Secretary Rubin resigns"
1495:Weisman, Jonathan (May 13, 1999).
1076:economic effects of climate change
1066:Among Rubin's policy interests is
711:Securities and Exchange Commission
473:department. He later served as co-
423:. In 1960, Rubin graduated with a
14:
6170:
6099:Businesspeople from New York City
6094:American chief operating officers
6074:20th-century American politicians
5103:
4771:
3681:collected news and commentary at
3642:
3500:Hulac, Benjamin (July 22, 2016).
3124:Wolk, Martin (January 13, 2004).
2597:Petruno, Tom (December 8, 2010).
2343:Kahn, Joseph (October 27, 1999).
2013:Kuttner, Robert (July 13, 2020).
1883:Goozner, Merrill (May 13, 1999).
1343:Sloane, Leonard (April 3, 1984).
1258:
1116:Temple Beth Sholom on Miami Beach
765:Decline of the Glass-Steagall Act
5949:
5948:
5508:Morgan Stanley Wealth Management
5418:
5132:
4885:Ambassador to the United Nations
4835:Director of Central Intelligence
4397:
4303:
3344:Lawder, David (August 3, 2022).
2276:Wessel, David (March 28, 1997).
1800:Lustig, Nora (January 1, 1997).
1497:"Rubin resigns post at Treasury"
1105:
365:official. He served as the 70th
334:
3555:
3549:
3519:
3472:Rubin, Robert (July 24, 2014).
3465:
3449:. March 4, 2015. Archived from
3435:
3409:
3389:
3363:
3337:
3311:
3117:
3063:
2905:
2794:
2768:
2742:
2716:
2616:
2590:
2509:Dash, Eric (November 7, 2007).
2459:
2387:
2377:The American Presidency Project
2364:
2323:
2186:Harris, Evan (April 17, 2010).
2179:
2146:
2125:Froomkin, Dan (June 20, 2010).
2062:
2032:
1737:
1654:
1474:"Rubin's Rules", Owen Ullmann,
1468:
1416:
1369:Kurtz, Howard (July 12, 1990).
991:
740:
469:in 1966 as an associate in the
456:
403:, and as a senior counselor at
6159:Politicians from New York City
5226:Goldman Sachs Capital Partners
3235:Fournier, Ron (May 12, 1999).
3044:Bobrow, Emily (May 12, 2023).
2393:"Rubin's Next Big Challenge".
2306:"Rubin Wins Senate's Approval"
1635:"Rubin Wins Senate's Approval"
1526:Dodge, Robert (May 13, 1999).
1231:
1205:
1193:
1175:
1149:
486:Democratic National Convention
421:Miami Beach Senior High School
399:, as co-chair emeritus of the
367:U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
1:
5493:Court Square Capital Partners
5364:
4739:Secretary of Veterans Affairs
3370:Konish, Lorie (May 5, 2022).
1769:Demos, Telis (June 8, 2018).
1143:
892:
883:financial crisis of 2007–2008
858:Troubled Asset Relief Program
701:financial crisis of 2007–2008
390:financial crisis of 2007–2008
3665:Council on Foreign Relations
2942:Peter G. Peterson Foundation
2884:Smith, Ben (March 6, 2017).
2255:U.S. News & World Report
2250:"Treasury's New Age liberal"
1885:"Rubin Turns Over The Reins"
922:Peter G. Peterson Foundation
916:. He serves as a trustee of
914:Council on Foreign Relations
806:
776:Travelers Group and Citicorp
401:Council on Foreign Relations
56:Council on Foreign Relations
7:
5405:Al Waleed bin Talal Al Saud
5304:Goldman Sachs controversies
4664:Secretary of Transportation
4365:
3859:as Former US Cabinet Member
3844:as Former US Cabinet Member
3831:as Former US Cabinet Member
3531:Center for Arts and Culture
2048:WGBH Educational Foundation
1452:. Citigroup. Archived from
1121:
709:, a former chairman of the
662:Financial crisis of 2007–08
646:Balanced Budget Act of 1997
619:International Monetary Fund
612:Exchange Stabilization Fund
386:Balanced Budget Act of 1997
10:
6175:
5625:James Stillman Rockefeller
5022:White House Chief of Staff
4395:
3649:Robert Rubin official site
3578:
3185:"When Robert Rubin Talks…"
2542:"No line responsibilities"
1718:"Treasury's Rubin resigns"
931:Rubin was a member of the
747:Community Reinvestment Act
682:when this was proposed by
655:
590:1990s international crises
539:1993 Deficit Reduction Act
533:1993 Deficit Reduction Act
443:London School of Economics
382:1993 Deficit Reduction Act
312:London School of Economics
18:
6119:Harvard Law School alumni
6104:Chairmen of Goldman Sachs
6089:American chief executives
6002:
5923:
5897:
5764:
5696:Roberto Hernández Ramírez
5658:
5535:
5503:Diners Club International
5480:
5434:
5427:
5416:
5372:
5286:
5265:
5239:
5218:
5173:
5150:
5141:
5130:
5111:
5057:
5020:
4995:
4976:
4951:
4914:
4883:
4858:
4833:
4796:
4777:
4766:
4737:
4718:
4687:
4662:
4637:
4618:
4593:
4556:
4531:
4514:Secretary of the Interior
4512:
4493:
4462:
4433:Secretary of the Treasury
4431:
4406:
4371:
4360:
4301:
3905:
3849:
3836:
3821:
3813:
3803:
3794:
3786:
3776:
3770:National Economic Council
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3733:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3697:
3692:
2442:"Rethinking Robert Rubin"
2099:"Where Was the Wise Man?"
918:Mount Sinai Health System
823:. Rubin called a ranking
652:Regulation of derivatives
631:Balanced budget agreement
551:Secretary of the Treasury
517:National Economic Council
352:
342:
330:
294:
286:
278:
268:
237:
232:
228:
216:
206:
196:
185:
180:National Economic Council
177:
165:
153:
141:
131:
120:
112:
100:
88:
78:
61:
53:
49:
37:
30:
5884:United States of America
5309:Goldman Sachs Foundation
4533:Secretary of Agriculture
3815:U.S. order of precedence
3320:"Tax cuts: Robert Rubin"
946:
411:Early life and education
6084:Jewish American bankers
5910:California Federal Bank
5523:The Travelers Companies
5488:ClearBridge Investments
5294:10,000 Small Businesses
5247:Commodities Corporation
3590:August 5, 2016, at the
3050:The Wall Street Journal
2860:"Hamiltonian Democrats"
2553:Dow Jones & Company
2548:The Wall Street Journal
2283:The Wall Street Journal
1776:The Wall Street Journal
1533:The Dallas Morning News
1321:The Wall Street Journal
1062:Climate change policies
1041:Inflation Reduction Act
854:The Wall Street Journal
845:The Wall Street Journal
493:New York Stock Exchange
475:chief operating officer
6149:Yale Law School alumni
6124:Harvard College alumni
5915:Franklin National Bank
5324:Symphony Communication
5257:NN Investment Partners
4720:Secretary of Education
3659:April 2, 2014, at the
2160:Bloomberg Businessweek
2068:Rubin, Robert (2003).
1561:"The Three Marketeers"
1244:. Arcadia Publishing.
1080:gross domestic product
870:employee stock options
783:Post-government career
640:
560:
511:Clinton administration
371:Clinton administration
5996:Africa Progress Panel
5240:Historical components
4558:Secretary of Commerce
2399:, September 20, 1999.
2070:In An Uncertain World
2019:The American Prospect
978:Rubin's second book,
933:Africa Progress Panel
874:Nassim Nicholas Taleb
638:
558:
95:Peter George Peterson
70:Serving with
5932:388 Greenwich Street
5879:United Arab Emirates
5645:Robert B. Willumstad
5498:CVC Capital Partners
5428:Brands and companies
4860:Trade Representative
4464:Secretary of Defense
3453:on September 7, 2015
2995:World Economic Forum
2917:The Hamilton Project
1946:The Associated Press
1402:The Associated Press
1056:June 2016 Referendum
1037:Biden administration
1022:Rubin has supported
1004:strong dollar policy
433:, in economics from
417:Miami Beach, Florida
397:The Hamilton Project
212:Position established
178:1st Director of the
5630:William Rockefeller
5231:Petershill Partners
4874:Charlene Barshefsky
4689:Secretary of Energy
3693:Business positions
3479:The Washington Post
3241:The Washington Post
3077:. December 14, 2023
2969:. February 15, 2011
2864:The Washington Post
2836:The Washington Post
2555:. December 3, 2008.
1918:The Washington Post
1661:Weisman, Jonathan.
1640:The Washington Post
1611:The Washington Post
1375:The Washington Post
926:Centerview Partners
899:Harvard Corporation
825:Treasury Department
721:In an interview on
674:opposed giving the
666:In 1998, Rubin and
596:Mexican peso crisis
437:. He then attended
405:Centerview Partners
359:Robert Edward Rubin
242:Robert Edward Rubin
21:Robert Joshua Rubin
5751:Franklin A. Thomas
5380:Michael E. O'Neill
5166:(Chairman and CEO)
5158:Lloyd C. Blankfein
4893:Madeleine Albright
4595:Secretary of Labor
4422:Madeleine Albright
4416:Warren Christopher
4408:Secretary of State
3757:Political offices
3736:Chair of Citigroup
3684:The New York Times
3243:. Associated Press
3189:The New York Times
2516:The New York Times
2485:The New York Times
2350:The New York Times
2198:on October 3, 2011
2104:The New York Times
2050:. October 20, 2009
2001:The New York Times
1862:The New York Times
1835:The New York Times
1430:The New York Times
1349:The New York Times
1219:. December 8, 2003
1011:The New York Times
966:as well as one of
903:Harvard University
837:The New York Times
715:The New York Times
680:credit derivatives
641:
561:
439:Harvard Law School
302:Harvard University
6051:
6050:
6007:Olusegun Obasanjo
5962:
5961:
5721:Andrew N. Liveris
5671:Michael Armstrong
5550:Michael Bloomberg
5545:Winfried Bischoff
5538:former executives
5531:
5530:
5513:OneMain Financial
5467:Metalmark Capital
5457:Citi Private Bank
5395:William R. Rhodes
5332:
5331:
5214:
5213:
5160:(Senior Chairman)
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
4942:Martin Neil Baily
4905:Richard Holbrooke
4762:
4761:
4312:
4311:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3850:Succeeded by
3834:
3804:Succeeded by
3777:Succeeded by
3747:Succeeded by
3716:Succeeded by
3637:978-0-375-50585-0
3405:. April 20, 2016.
3025:. October 1, 2013
3022:Belfast Telegraph
2913:"Robert E. Rubin"
2603:Los Angeles Times
2418:. January 9, 2009
2167:on April 16, 2011
2082:978-0-375-50585-0
1502:The Baltimore Sun
1476:The Washingtonian
1251:978-1-4671-4253-3
1163:. January 9, 2009
997:Economic policies
707:Arthur Levitt Jr.
690:. According to a
544:The Baltimore Sun
526:Robert S. Strauss
356:
355:
6166:
6109:Citigroup people
6013:Michel Camdessus
5989:
5982:
5975:
5966:
5965:
5952:
5951:
5870:
5585:Sallie Krawcheck
5432:
5431:
5422:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5336:
5335:
5278:30 Hudson Street
5164:David M. Solomon
5148:
5147:
5136:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5075:
5074:
4768:
4767:
4753:Togo D. West Jr.
4697:Hazel R. O'Leary
4678:Rodney E. Slater
4578:William M. Daley
4495:Attorney General
4478:William J. Perry
4453:Lawrence Summers
4401:
4400:
4362:
4361:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4307:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3856:
3845:
3828:
3825:William J. Perry
3822:Preceded by
3787:Preceded by
3768:Director of the
3741:
3726:Preceded by
3719:Stephen Friedman
3698:Preceded by
3690:
3689:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:. August 9, 2010
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:on July 25, 2021
3132:. Archived from
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2806:Harvard Magazine
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:. April 11, 2002
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2406:
2400:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2194:. Archived from
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2163:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2094:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
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1019:Associated Press
974:
955:, co-written by
951:Rubin's memoir,
910:Hamilton Project
772:Sanford I. Weill
566:Lawrence Summers
445:and received an
425:Bachelor of Arts
338:
255:
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233:Personal details
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5575:Lewis Glucksman
5570:Stanley Fischer
5555:Gary Crittenden
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2333:", May 8, 2003.
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2072:. pp. 287–288.
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1528:"Rubin resigns"
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1456:on May 16, 2008
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1273:. July 2, 2012.
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1124:
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1085:Washington Post
1064:
1024:progressive tax
1015:Chicago Tribune
999:
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790:
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668:Federal Reserve
664:
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633:
608:loan guarantees
592:
553:
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459:
451:Yale Law School
435:Harvard College
430:summa cum laude
413:
347:robertrubin.com
326:
317:Yale University
282:Judith Oxenberg
269:Political party
256:
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5650:Walter Wriston
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5602:
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2839:. July 2, 2012
2831:"Robert Rubin"
2819:
2808:. January 2014
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2712:Bloomberg News
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2226:. May 12, 1999
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1968:"Robert Rubin"
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1697:. May 12, 1999
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1068:climate change
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1052:European Union
1029:George W. Bush
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985:Bloomberg News
962:New York Times
957:Jacob Weisberg
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6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Living people
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6044:
6043:Tidjane Thiam
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6033:Linah Mohohlo
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5976:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5955:
5947:
5945:
5944:United States
5941:
5937:
5936:New York City
5933:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:Samuel Osgood
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5534:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5421:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Vikram Pandit
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5196:Henry Paulson
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5140:
5135:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5105:Goldman Sachs
5099:
5094:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5062:
5056:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4868:Mickey Kantor
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4788:
4787:Carol Browner
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4772:Cabinet-level
4769:
4765:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4728:Richard Riley
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4703:Federico Peña
4701:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4672:Federico Peña
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4628:Donna Shalala
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4609:Alexis Herman
4607:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4584:Norman Mineta
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4572:Mickey Kantor
4570:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4522:Bruce Babbitt
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4484:William Cohen
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4441:Lloyd Bentsen
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4306:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3817:(ceremonial)
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:Larry Summers
3799:
3798:
3791:
3790:Lloyd Bentsen
3785:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3709:Goldman Sachs
3702:
3701:John Weinberg
3696:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:1-4000-3003-X
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:Clinton, Bill
3602:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3563:
3559:
3552:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3423:
3422:Rhodium Group
3419:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3012:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2760:September 10,
2756:
2752:
2745:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2705:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2503:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:"The Warning"
2035:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1408:September 15,
1404:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1223:September 29,
1218:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1167:September 29,
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1106:Personal life
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:George Shultz
1093:
1092:Henry Paulson
1088:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1054:ahead of the
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:. During the
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:Business Week
965:
963:
958:
954:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
890:
888:
884:
880:
875:
871:
865:
863:
859:
855:
849:
846:
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
822:
821:Enron scandal
818:
814:
811:Rubin joined
804:
801:
800:
795:
780:
777:
773:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
738:
735:
730:
729:
724:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
702:
698:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
659:
649:
647:
639:Rubin in 1999
637:
628:
626:
625:
624:Time Magazine
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
585:
580:
578:
574:
571:According to
569:
567:
557:
548:
545:
540:
530:
527:
522:
518:
508:
506:
505:David Dinkins
502:
498:
494:
489:
488:in New York.
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
467:Goldman Sachs
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
375:Goldman Sachs
372:
368:
364:
360:
351:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:
318:
315:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:New York City
254:(age 86)
240:
236:
231:
227:
224:
221:
215:
211:
205:
202:
199:
195:
189:
184:
181:
176:
173:
172:Larry Summers
170:
164:
161:
160:Lloyd Bentsen
158:
152:
149:Larry Summers
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
124:
119:
116:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
83:Richard Haass
81:
77:
73:
65:
60:
57:
52:
48:
44:Rubin in 2014
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
6038:Robert Rubin
6037:
6028:Graça Machel
5928:Headquarters
5927:
5898:Predecessors
5746:Robert Rubin
5745:
5741:Judith Rodin
5736:Chuck Prince
5726:Anne Mulcahy
5701:Manolo Falcó
5681:George David
5635:Moses Taylor
5620:Robert Rubin
5619:
5610:Chuck Prince
5565:Ahmed Fahour
5472:Red Roof Inn
5299:10,000 Women
5206:Robert Rubin
5205:
5124:Samuel Sachs
5060:
5048:John Podesta
5036:Leon Panetta
5030:Mack McLarty
5005:Lee P. Brown
4988:(1993–2001)*
4967:Aida Álvarez
4961:Philip Lader
4936:Janet Yellen
4849:George Tenet
4812:Alice Rivlin
4806:Leon Panetta
4653:Andrew Cuomo
4603:Robert Reich
4547:Dan Glickman
4447:Robert Rubin
4446:
4383:(1993–2001)
4353:Bill Clinton
4254:
3858:
3857:
3853:Dan Glickman
3842:
3837:
3830:
3829:
3795:
3767:
3762:
3750:Win Bischoff
3734:
3706:
3682:
3679:Robert Rubin
3670:Robert Rubin
3629:Random House
3607:
3565:. Retrieved
3562:jmof.fiu.edu
3561:
3551:
3541:February 20,
3539:. Retrieved
3530:
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3477:
3467:
3455:. Retrieved
3451:the original
3446:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3421:
3411:
3400:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3375:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3349:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3324:PBS Newshour
3323:
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3267:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3160:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
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5756:Sandy Weill
5706:Jane Fraser
5676:Alain Belda
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5560:Jamie Dimon
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5201:Mark Carney
5050:(1998–2001)
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4907:(1999–2001)
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3556:Lee, John.
3506:ClimateWire
3485:October 10,
3457:February 6,
3427:February 6,
3381:February 6,
3355:February 6,
3329:February 6,
3140:February 6,
3081:January 26,
2786:February 2,
2422:January 13,
2054:October 22,
1672:January 18,
1112:James Rubin
755:empowerment
584:Chuck Hagel
501:Mario Cuomo
369:during the
223:Laura Tyson
208:Preceded by
155:Preceded by
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6058:Categories
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5711:Ann Jordan
5144:executives
4503:Janet Reno
4225:Blumenthal
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3801:1995–1999
3774:1993–1995
3763:New office
3713:1990–1992
3511:August 24,
3303:August 31,
3275:August 31,
3168:August 31,
3109:August 31,
3029:August 19,
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2843:August 19,
2694:August 24,
2666:August 24,
2582:August 28,
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2451:August 27,
2261:August 28,
2230:August 18,
2202:January 5,
2171:January 5,
2138:August 31,
2110:August 31,
1978:August 31,
1840:August 24,
1811:August 24,
1782:August 18,
1729:August 28,
1701:August 24,
1618:August 19,
1570:August 24,
1539:August 28,
1508:August 28,
1380:August 24,
1354:August 24,
1328:August 19,
1144:References
1128:Rubinomics
964:bestseller
893:Other work
759:enterprise
656:See also:
600:defaulting
503:and Mayor
363:government
273:Democratic
248:1938-08-29
5852:Singapore
5817:Indonesia
5807:Hong Kong
5777:Australia
5772:Argentina
5663:directors
5660:Corporate
5615:John Reed
5518:Primerica
5366:Citigroup
5266:Buildings
5219:Divisions
5186:Gary Cohn
4566:Ron Brown
4541:Mike Espy
4472:Les Aspin
4350:President
4125:Cortelyou
4095:Fairchild
4085:McCulloch
4040:McCulloch
4035:Fessenden
3269:CNN Money
3194:March 22,
2044:Frontline
1806:Brookings
1723:CNN Money
1591:Tax Notes
1045:Jacob Lew
813:Citigroup
807:Citigroup
734:Doug Band
728:This Week
696:Frontline
670:chairman
573:CNN Money
453:in 1964.
331:Signature
295:Education
197:President
188:In office
132:President
123:In office
79:President
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5954:Category
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5832:Malaysia
5797:Colombia
5452:Citigold
5447:Citibank
5314:GreenSky
5112:Founders
4824:Jack Lew
4280:Geithner
4210:Connally
4185:Anderson
4180:Humphrey
4130:MacVeagh
4110:Carlisle
4045:Boutwell
4000:Meredith
3970:Woodbury
3940:Crawford
3930:Campbell
3925:Gallatin
3910:Hamilton
3657:Archived
3606:(2005).
3588:Archived
3535:Archived
3402:BBC News
3130:NBC News
2891:Politico
2734:July 14,
2660:Archived
2633:Archived
2381:Archived
2223:BBC News
2192:ABC News
2132:HuffPost
1294:BBC News
1122:See also
959:, was a
582:Senator
519:, which
287:Children
262:New York
6009:(chair)
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5889:Vietnam
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4366:Cabinet
4346:Cabinet
4290:Mnuchin
4275:Paulson
4265:O'Neill
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4250:Bentsen
4205:Kennedy
4145:Houston
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4065:Sherman
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4055:Bristow
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3980:Forward
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3654:Profile
3614:Vintage
3609:My Life
3579:Sources
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3350:Reuters
3162:Reuters
3103:Fortune
3055:May 17,
2967:Reuters
2812:May 26,
2755:Fortune
2688:Reuters
2629:Reuters
2576:Reuters
2415:Reuters
1300:May 22,
1217:Fortune
1161:Reuters
862:bailout
343:Website
5874:Uganda
5862:Taiwan
5847:Russia
5837:Mexico
5802:Europe
5787:Canada
5481:Former
5373:People
5287:Others
5174:Former
4387:tenure
4295:Yellen
4230:Miller
4215:Shultz
4195:Fowler
4190:Dillon
4175:Snyder
4170:Vinson
4160:Woodin
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4100:Windom
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4070:Windom
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4240:Baker
4235:Regan
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817:Enron
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3990:Bibb
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3674:IMDb
3633:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3569:2015
3543:2008
3513:2020
3487:2015
3459:2023
3429:2023
3383:2023
3376:CNBC
3357:2023
3331:2023
3305:2020
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3196:2023
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3142:2023
3111:2020
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2975:2022
2949:2023
2924:2022
2899:2023
2871:2023
2845:2020
2814:2015
2788:2008
2762:2022
2736:2019
2696:2020
2668:2020
2610:2022
2584:2020
2524:2020
2493:2020
2453:2020
2424:2022
2358:2021
2317:2020
2291:2020
2263:2020
2232:2020
2204:2012
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2112:2020
2078:ISBN
2056:2009
2026:2020
1980:2020
1954:2020
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1898:2020
1870:2020
1842:2020
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1462:2008
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1302:2010
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1169:2020
1031:and
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238:Born
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