272:, Gilbert de Gant (who died before his father), and Walter de Gant. If Robert was a son of Gilbert, he was a younger son, probably the youngest of the four brothers, and probably was born sometime around 1085, as his supposed parents married about 1075 and there were older siblings. Robert is often confused in the historical records with another Robert, son of Walter. Robert was probably also the uncle of
357:, attested 17 charters during Stephen's reign. Various reasons have been put forward for why Robert attested at a lower rate than the earlier chancellors, including indifference to his office, deputising the duties to another clerk, or difficulty in following the itinerant court due to age. Robert's last secure appearance as chancellor as a witness to a charter is one dated to the summer of 1154 at
438:
refusing him entry to York for three years. Robert took little other part in the disputes at York during Murdac's archiepiscopate. Probably, it was Robert's involvement in secular office as chancellor that restricted his activities with his ecclesiastical office. Robert may have become a supporter of Murdac's during this time, as the archbishop addressed at least six confirmation grants to Robert.
327:
in 1138. Three charters, which date from March 1140 to
January 1141 and are supposed to be witnessed by Robert, all have difficulties with either the dating or whether the signature attributed to Robert is actually his, so exact dating of his term of office isn't possible from charter evidence. For a
461:
as the new
Archbishop of York. Osbert was later accused of poisoning William, and was deprived of his office and clerical status when he could not clear himself from the accusation. Although Robert was associated with Osbert's opposition to William, there is no evidence that Robert was ever thought
368:
in the summer of 1154, which had earlier been given to Robert's nephew, Robert. The younger Robert may have objected to giving up his castle to the previous owners and the elder Robert may have taken offence at these events. This would explain why Robert does not appear on
Stephen's charters after
437:
to Hilary. Murdac was consecrated by
Eugenius on 7 December 1147, and Robert appears to have supported the new archbishop, or at least not to have actively opposed him. But others among the cathedral chapter and suffragan bishops of York continued to actively agitate against Murdac, including
381:
from at least 1147, but may have occupied the office as early as 1142. He may have been still alive as late as 1157, as it is possible he was the addressee of a letter from the papacy in
January 1157. His last secure attestation as dean is in October 1154. Although Keats-Rohan states in
241:
in the late 1140s and 1150s, but it is likely that his chancellorship prevented his deeper involvement in diocesan affairs. He was no longer chancellor after the death of
Stephen, but probably continued to hold the office of dean until his death around 1157 or 1158.
457:, and appealed in vain against William's actions. It is possible that Robert feared that William would remove Robert from the deanship. After William's death, Robert, once more acting with Osbert, pressured the cathedral chapter of York to elect Stephen's choice of
344:
during the middle of 1143, where he was a witness on charters. Throughout his approximately 14 years as chancellor, Robert only witnessed 20 charters for certain and perhaps another 13 that are not securely attributed to Robert. Stephen's two previous chancellors,
478:, is first securely attested as dean on 6 May 1158, and the last secure date for his holding his previous office is 13 December 1157, which suggests that Robert of Ghent died in between those dates, or shortly before the earlier date.
1284:
369:
the
Lincoln charter of 1154, but this theory is just speculation by one of Robert's biographers. Robert was replaced as chancellor by Becket shortly after Henry II's coronation on 19 December 1154 and before January 1155.
319:. It is not known exactly when Stephen appointed Robert chancellor nor why Stephen chose him for the office. Historian Richard Sherman speculated that Stephen appointed Robert as a favour to
353:, had a much higher rate of attesting charters – 62 in three and a half years for Roger and 12 in nine months for Philip. Even Baldric, Robert's subordinate and holder of the office of
1291:
1711:
1822:
1721:
1630:
269:
1792:
1747:
1635:
1599:
1585:
1560:
1589:
1656:
1525:
475:
75:
1640:
1277:
265:
1625:
1555:
1545:
1812:
1701:
364:
It is possible that Robert fell out with
Stephen in the last months of the king's reign – Stephen died in October 1154. Stephen besieged
1919:
1650:
1487:
410:
229:
in the mid-1140s. He is not mentioned often in documents from his time as chancellor, but why this is so is unknown. He became
1223:
1181:
1965:
1960:
498:
only states that Robert was probably a son of
Gilbert, but two other works are definitive that Gilbert was Robert's father.
291:. A further appearance is in a document of his brother Walter dating between 1130 and 1139. It is likely that Robert was a
1269:
1777:
1133:
Domesday
Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum
1853:
1620:
1200:
1162:
1140:
919:
900:
1691:
1535:
273:
307:, but this is unlikely, as Becket did not become provost until 1154, long after Robert had become Dean of York.
1565:
1381:
458:
1393:
354:
433:. The disputed election was decided by the pope, who declared Murdac the new archbishop and gave the vacant
1480:
300:
1210:
Sherman, Richard Mylius (1999). "Robert de Gant (c. 1085-c. 1158): Dean of York and King's Chancellor".
1955:
406:
1155:
Domesday People: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Domesday Book
1888:
1320:
1311:
1099:
888:
454:
264:
and came to England during 1069. Gilbert, who died around 1095, was married to Alice, daughter of
1848:
1696:
1420:
1970:
1742:
1515:
1473:
1453:
324:
65:
1868:
1431:
1150:
1128:
471:
441:
William was re-elected to York after Murdac's death in 1153. When William attempted to enter
365:
1975:
1908:
1414:
1404:
1299:
434:
429:, a canon lawyer. Most of the rest of the archdiocese's officials and the chapter favoured
426:
8:
1827:
1716:
1550:
1510:
1387:
1365:
1348:
337:
230:
155:
340: – but they did not interrupt Robert's term of service. Robert was with Stephen at
221:
in the 12th century. The younger son of a nobleman, Robert was probably a member of the
1931:
1336:
1300:
1244:
1116:
1077:
1056:
1035:
1014:
993:
951:
930:
449:, tried to prevent his entry, but their attempt was unsuccessful and they then went to
398:
350:
316:
261:
238:
226:
170:
150:
972:
1883:
1863:
1858:
1782:
1570:
1219:
1196:
1177:
1158:
1136:
915:
896:
422:
402:
222:
1802:
1671:
1108:
446:
358:
1903:
1772:
1726:
1661:
1604:
1594:
1540:
1303:
1251:
450:
394:
333:
329:
277:
251:
214:
126:
87:
39:
1926:
1913:
1898:
1832:
1797:
1787:
1767:
1706:
1676:
1645:
1580:
1575:
1447:
1307:
418:
320:
296:
292:
1949:
1893:
1752:
1686:
1530:
1441:
1375:
1330:
1261:
346:
304:
256:
182:
909:
474:
records his death as occurring in 1157 or 1158. Robert's successor as dean,
401:, was deposed, and a new election for the archbishopric was ordered by Pope
237:
around 1147. Robert was slightly involved in the disputes over who would be
210:
102:
1878:
1807:
1762:
1681:
1666:
1496:
430:
414:
378:
284:
234:
218:
29:
1873:
1817:
1097:
Kealey, Edward J. (Autumn 1974). "King Stephen: Government and Anarchy".
315:
Robert was Lord Chancellor from spring 1140 to summer 1154, serving King
268:. Robert's conjectured siblings were Emma (wife of Alan de Percy),
1757:
1120:
1176:. The English Monarchs Series. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
914:(Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1112:
386:
that Robert was also Archdeacon of York, he is not so listed in the
287:
sometime between 1114 and 1123, where he appears as a witness to a
341:
288:
1465:
462:
to have been involved in the possible poisoning of William.
910:
Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).
562:
Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 6: York: Deans
442:
405:
on 11 May 1147. The election took place on 24 July 1147 at
299:
before 1147. He is also claimed to have held the office of
417:, who supported the ousted archbishop. Robert, along with
283:
Robert's first appearance in the historical record is at
1209:
1149:
1127:
1084:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1063:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1042:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1021:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1000:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
979:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
958:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
937:. Vol. 6: York. Institute of Historical Research
1190:
225:of York before his selection as chancellor by King
1075:
1054:
1033:
1012:
991:
970:
949:
928:
721:
1096:
1947:
323:, perhaps because of Walter's presence at the
1481:
1285:
887:
824:
822:
820:
818:
684:
682:
680:
653:
651:
649:
615:
556:
554:
16:12th-century Chancellor of England and cleric
1171:
840:
838:
804:
802:
747:
635:
633:
631:
518:
516:
514:
786:
734:
604:
602:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
409:rather than York, due to the opposition of
1488:
1474:
1292:
1278:
815:
708:
677:
646:
551:
864:
851:
835:
799:
760:
695:
628:
511:
599:
529:
664:
575:
573:
571:
569:
250:Robert was probably one of the sons of
1948:
773:
332:also appointed two chancellors –
328:brief period in 1141, Stephen's rival
1469:
1273:
1082:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
1061:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
1040:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
1019:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
998:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
977:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
956:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
935:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
893:The Reign of King Stephen: 1135–1154
794:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
781:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
768:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
766:Greenway "Archdeacons: East Riding"
755:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
742:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
729:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
727:Greenway "Introduction Archdeacons"
623:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300
586:
566:
779:Greenway "Archdeacons: Nottingham"
13:
753:Greenway "Archdeacons: Cleveland"
445:on 9 May 1154, Robert, along with
14:
1987:
1495:
1195:. York, UK: York Medieval Press.
792:Greenway "Archdeacons: Richmond"
621:Greenway "Prebends Unidentified"
390:under any of the archdeaconries.
303:as the immediate predecessor to
372:
1157:. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press.
1135:. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press.
912:Handbook of British Chronology
524:Handbook of British Chronology
488:
85:Provost of Beverley (unlikely)
1:
880:
740:Greenway "Archdeacons: York"
310:
245:
1651:Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord
1191:Norton, Christopher (2006).
505:
7:
1966:12th-century English people
1961:Lord chancellors of England
1076:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1055:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1034:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
1013:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
992:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
971:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
950:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
929:Greenway, Diana E. (1999).
301:Provost of Beverley Minster
10:
1992:
1057:"Introduction Archdeacons"
952:"Archdeacons: East Riding"
496:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae
388:Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae
377:Robert held the office of
270:Hugh de Montfort-sur-Risle
254:, who is mentioned in the
1841:
1735:
1613:
1503:
1430:
1403:
1364:
1319:
1258:
1249:
1241:
1236:
973:"Archdeacons: Nottingham"
828:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
714:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
688:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
657:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
639:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
544:Sherman "Robert de Gant"
196:
192:
188:
176:
164:
143:
132:
125:
121:
117:
109:
98:
93:
81:
71:
61:
53:
45:
35:
28:
21:
931:"Archdeacons: Cleveland"
830:Hastings Society Journal
481:
465:
455:Archbishop of Canterbury
355:Keeper of the Royal Seal
1212:Haskins Society Journal
1078:"Prebends Unidentified"
994:"Archdeacons: Richmond"
716:Haskins Society Journal
690:Haskins Society Journal
659:Haskins Society Journal
641:Haskins Society Journal
546:Haskins Society Journal
435:bishopric of Chichester
1743:Christopher Bainbridge
1516:William of St. Barbara
701:Kealey "King Stephen"
459:Roger de Pont L'Évêque
66:William of St. Barbara
1869:William Foxley Norris
1600:Robert de Scarborough
1172:King, Edmund (2010).
1151:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.
1129:Keats-Rohan, K. S. B.
895:. New York: Longman.
705:p. 208 and footnote18
610:Reign of King Stephen
472:Katharine Keats-Rohan
325:Battle of Cowton Moor
213:1085–after 1154) was
1415:William de Longchamp
581:Domesday Descendants
384:Domesday Descendants
1828:Richard Osbaldeston
1717:Christopher Urswick
1586:Roger de Holderness
1561:Geoffrey de Norwich
1388:Ralph de Warneville
1349:William FitzGilbert
1015:"Archdeacons: York"
395:William fitzHerbert
338:William fitzGilbert
260:. Gilbert was from
1932:Dominic Barrington
1337:Philip de Harcourt
1245:Philip de Harcourt
1237:Political offices
1193:St William of York
399:Archbishop of York
351:Philip de Harcourt
317:Stephen of England
239:Archbishop of York
227:Stephen of England
171:Philip de Harcourt
57:after October 1154
1940:
1939:
1884:Eric Milner-White
1864:Arthur Purey-Cust
1859:Augustus Duncombe
1783:John Thornborough
1722:William Sheffield
1657:Angelicus Grimaud
1631:William Pickering
1621:William Hambleton
1571:Walter of Kirkham
1526:Robert Butevilain
1463:
1462:
1268:
1267:
1259:Succeeded by
1225:978-1-84383-050-4
1183:978-0-300-11223-8
476:Robert Butevilain
423:cathedral chapter
411:William of Aumale
223:cathedral chapter
200:
199:
76:Robert Butevilain
1983:
1956:Lord chancellors
1854:William Cockburn
1803:William Sancroft
1748:James Harrington
1672:Richard Clifford
1641:William de Colby
1636:Robert Pickering
1490:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1304:Lord Chancellors
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1242:Preceded by
1234:
1233:
1229:
1206:
1187:
1168:
1146:
1124:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1009:
1007:
1005:
988:
986:
984:
967:
965:
963:
946:
944:
942:
925:
906:
875:
868:
862:
855:
849:
842:
833:
826:
813:
806:
797:
796:: Volume 6: York
790:
784:
783:: Volume 6: York
777:
771:
770:: Volume 6: York
764:
758:
757:: Volume 6: York
751:
745:
744:: Volume 6: York
738:
732:
731:: Volume 6: York
725:
719:
712:
706:
699:
693:
686:
675:
668:
662:
655:
644:
637:
626:
625:: Volume 6: York
619:
613:
606:
597:
590:
584:
577:
564:
558:
549:
542:
527:
520:
499:
492:
447:Osbert de Bayeux
421:and some of the
266:Hugh de Montfort
179:
167:
137:
94:Personal details
19:
18:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1904:Raymond Furnell
1889:Alan Richardson
1837:
1773:Nicholas Wotton
1731:
1727:Geoffrey Blythe
1662:Edmund Stafford
1626:Raymond de Goth
1609:
1605:Henry of Newark
1595:William Langton
1556:Roger de Insula
1546:William Testard
1541:Simon of Apulia
1521:Robert of Ghent
1499:
1494:
1464:
1459:
1434:
1426:
1407:
1399:
1368:
1360:
1355:Robert of Ghent
1343:Robert of Ghent
1323:
1315:
1298:
1264:
1255:
1252:Lord Chancellor
1247:
1232:
1226:
1203:
1184:
1165:
1143:
1113:10.2307/4048242
1087:
1085:
1066:
1064:
1045:
1043:
1024:
1022:
1003:
1001:
982:
980:
961:
959:
940:
938:
922:
903:
883:
878:
869:
865:
856:
852:
843:
836:
827:
816:
807:
800:
791:
787:
778:
774:
765:
761:
752:
748:
739:
735:
726:
722:
713:
709:
700:
696:
687:
678:
669:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
616:
607:
600:
594:Domesday People
591:
587:
578:
567:
559:
552:
543:
530:
521:
512:
508:
503:
502:
493:
489:
484:
468:
451:Theobald of Bec
375:
334:William de Vere
330:Empress Matilda
313:
278:Earl of Lincoln
274:Gilbert de Gant
252:Gilbert de Gant
248:
217:of England and
215:Lord Chancellor
203:Robert of Ghent
177:
165:
160:
138:
133:
127:Lord Chancellor
88:Lord Chancellor
86:
40:Diocese of York
24:
23:Robert of Ghent
17:
12:
11:
5:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1927:Jonathan Frost
1924:
1916:
1914:Vivienne Faull
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:John Southgate
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:George Markham
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1833:John Fountayne
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1813:Tobias Wickham
1810:
1805:
1800:
1798:Richard Marshe
1795:
1790:
1788:George Meriton
1785:
1780:
1778:Matthew Hutton
1775:
1770:
1768:Richard Layton
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Richard Andrew
1704:
1702:William Felter
1699:
1697:Robert Gilbert
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1677:Thomas Langley
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1646:William Zouche
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1583:
1581:Godfrey Ludham
1578:
1576:Sewal de Bovil
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1448:Walter de Gray
1445:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1382:Geoffrey Ridel
1379:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:House of Blois
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1207:
1201:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1147:
1141:
1125:
1107:(3): 201–217.
1094:
1073:
1052:
1031:
1010:
989:
968:
947:
926:
920:
907:
901:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:
863:
850:
834:
814:
798:
785:
772:
759:
746:
733:
720:
707:
694:
676:
663:
645:
627:
614:
598:
585:
565:
550:
528:
522:Fryde, et al.
509:
507:
504:
501:
500:
486:
485:
483:
480:
470:The historian
467:
464:
419:Hugh de Puiset
374:
371:
321:Walter de Gant
312:
309:
297:York Cathedral
247:
244:
207:Robert de Gant
205:, also called
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
159:
158:
153:
147:
145:
141:
140:
130:
129:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
100:
96:
95:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1988:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Deans of York
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1918:
1879:Herbert Bate
1808:Robert Hitch
1763:Brian Higden
1736:Early modern
1712:Robert Booth
1692:William Grey
1682:John Prophet
1667:Roger Walden
1520:
1354:
1342:
1250:
1215:
1211:
1192:
1174:King Stephen
1173:
1154:
1132:
1104:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1081:
1065:. Retrieved
1060:
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1023:. Retrieved
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1002:. Retrieved
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671:
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592:Keats-Rohan
588:
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579:Keats-Rohan
561:
545:
523:
495:
490:
469:
440:
431:Henry Murdac
415:Earl of York
403:Eugenius III
392:
387:
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379:Dean of York
376:
373:Dean of York
363:
314:
285:Ramsey Abbey
282:
255:
249:
235:York Minster
219:Dean of York
206:
202:
201:
178:Succeeded by
134:
30:Dean of York
1976:1085 births
1920:Peter Moger
1909:Keith Jones
1874:Lionel Ford
1842:Late modern
1823:Henry Finch
1818:Thomas Gale
1566:Fulk Basset
1456:(1214–1216)
1450:(1205–1214)
1444:(1199–1205)
1435:(1199–1216)
1423:(1197–1199)
1417:(1189–1197)
1408:(1189–1199)
1396:(1181–1189)
1390:(1173–1181)
1384:(1162–1173)
1378:(1154–1162)
1369:(1154–1189)
1357:(1142–1154)
1351:(1141–1142)
1345:(1140–1141)
1339:(1139–1140)
1333:(1135–1139)
1324:(1135–1154)
1314:(1135–1216)
861:pp. 140–142
832:pp. 106–107
812:pp. 121–122
718:pp. 102–103
692:pp. 104–105
661:pp. 108–110
643:pp. 101–102
596:pp. 210–211
425:, favoured
366:Drax Castle
166:Preceded by
62:Predecessor
49:spring 1147
1950:Categories
1793:John Scott
1758:John Yonge
1306:under the
1256:1140–1154
1218:: 99–110.
881:References
872:St William
859:St William
846:St William
810:St William
548:pp. 99–100
311:Chancellor
246:Early life
113:after 1154
54:Term ended
1655:Cardinal
1590:Skeffling
1405:Richard I
560:Greenway
526:pp. 83–84
506:Citations
139:1140–1154
135:In office
72:Successor
46:Appointed
1922:(acting)
1394:Geoffrey
1366:Henry II
1153:(1999).
1131:(1999).
891:(2000).
407:Richmond
393:In 1147
276:, later
262:Flanders
156:Henry II
144:Monarchs
1421:Eustace
1321:Stephen
1301:English
1121:4048242
1088:1 April
1067:1 April
1046:1 April
1036:"Deans"
1025:1 April
1004:1 April
983:1 April
962:1 April
941:1 April
870:Norton
857:Norton
844:Norton
808:Norton
608:Crouch
359:Lincoln
342:Caistor
289:charter
151:Stephen
1222:
1199:
1180:
1161:
1139:
1119:
1100:Albion
918:
899:
874:p. 139
848:p. 136
703:Albion
674:p. 191
612:p. 160
583:p. 472
453:, the
427:Hilary
413:, the
397:, the
1312:Anjou
1117:JSTOR
670:King
482:Notes
466:Death
293:canon
1551:Hamo
1511:Hugh
1432:John
1310:and
1220:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1178:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1090:2013
1069:2013
1048:2013
1027:2013
1006:2013
985:2013
964:2013
943:2013
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
494:The
443:York
349:and
336:and
231:dean
110:Died
105:1085
99:Born
1109:doi
295:of
233:at
209:, (
36:See
1952::
1216:13
1214:.
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1103:.
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1038:.
1017:.
996:.
975:.
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933:.
837:^
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568:^
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513:^
361:.
280:.
211:c.
103:c.
1588:/
1489:e
1482:t
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1111::
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1008:.
987:.
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924:.
905:.
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