1027:
340:. The hamsters inhabit areas of loose sand and sparse vegetation and are rarely found in areas of dense vegetation and solid clay substrates. They live at elevations of around 1,200 metres (3,900 ft)–1,450 metres (4,760 ft) and although research has been carried out, no fossil record exists for this species. Their efficient use of water makes them particularly suited to the steppe and desert regions they inhabit. They dig and live in burrows with steep tunnels as deep as six feet underground. In the wild, Roborovski hamsters are
220:
88:
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1043:
44:
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63:
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367:; they primarily eat grains, vegetables, fruit, and plants, but they will also eat meat and insects when present. Roborovski hamsters remain underground in winter and survive in that season by stockpiling some food in warmer weather and storing it in special food chambers within their burrow system. In the Chinese province of
739:
In rare emergency situations, a shallow dish of warm water may be necessary to clean harmful substances from a hamster's fur; however, under normal circumstances, hamsters should never be bathed in water as, aside from being incredibly stressful, this can remove vital protective oils from their coat,
647:
Black/blue - Originally bred in
Finland, going to the Netherlands and then Germany. Black and blue are two recessive genes still being investigated. These genes came to the UK in 2017 via Doric Hamstery and the first UK litter of blacks were born there Spring 2018. Both are thought to be self colours
431:
The daily dietary intake of the
Roborovski hamster heavily depends on its body weight. Juveniles have higher intakes of food compared to their weight than adult hamsters. Based on its population structure, Wan et al. calculated an average food intake of ca. two gram plant seeds per day. They specify
427:
during the summer-months. Vegetative plant parts are not of significance. Flint and
Golowkin determined in 1958 and 1959 that nearly 100 percent of the cheek pouches' content consisted of plant food, whereas animal food was only found in 23 percent of the hamsters' pouches at all in 1958
799:
Roborovski hamsters, like many rodents, will naturally avoid large open spaces, opting to stick close to the walls if forced into the open, where they feel safest. Providing them with multiple hiding spots is vital. This can be achieved by placing branches, tunnels and various other
300:. It lives in the deserts of Central Asia, averaging 2 centimetres (0.8 in) at birth and 5 centimetres (2.0 in) and 20–25 grams (0.71–0.88 oz) during adulthood. Distinguishing characteristics of the Roborovskis are eyebrow-like white spots and the lack of any
721:
creatures, with limited interaction between them and humans, due to their increased activity levels that lead to a high stress predisposition and decreased ease of handling when compared to other domestic hamster species. However, they can be tamed with time.
308:). The average lifespan for the Roborovski hamster is 2–4 years, though this is dependent on living conditions (extremes being four years in captivity and two in the wild). Roborovskis are known for their speed and have been said to run up to 6 miles a night.
1408:
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enclosures are commonly used amongst hamster enthusiasts, often preferred for their capability to hold greater amounts of substrate, availability, and cost, amongst various other reasons, over traditional wire cages (see images for examples).
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is a vital part of a hamster's daily routine and helps to keep their coat healthy by removing excess oils. The sand can be kept clean by sieving or washing out with water and drying. Unused children's play sand is a viable option for this.
643:
Red-eyed — a recessive mutation that produces a cinnamon-coloured hamster with a chocolate undercoat, dark red eyes, and pale ears. Adding pied to a cinnamon gives brighter red eyes. This is not the same mutation as 'brown eye' or
628:" — both dominant and recessive mutations have been identified, these hamsters are white with the agouti colouring (or husky/blue/black/cinnamon) in irregular patches over their heads, bodies and sometimes their faces.
501:
597:
of the
Roborovski hamster is greater than 4 millimetres (0.16 in) in length and is shorter than the length of the upper tooth row, which is uncharacteristic of the other two members of the genus.
679:
The sex of a
Roborovski is determined visually; female openings are very close together and may even look like a single opening, while male openings are further apart. Males usually have a visible
529:. (None of them, however, bore offspring.) Continental European countries had more success in breeding some Roborovskis, and those currently in the UK are descendants of a batch imported from the
796:
is a necessity. Size is still debated, but the general consensus is that a wheel should be at least 16.5 cm (6.5 inches. Other sources recommend a minimum diameter of 20 cm(8 inches).
634:
White-from-white-faced or dark-eared white — a combination of the dominant white-faced gene and the husky gene that produces a white hamster that retains a greyish undercoat and ears.
1199:
Ma, Y; Wang F; Jin S; Li S. (1987). "Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) of northern
Xinjiang and their zoogeographical distribution" (in Chinese). Science Press of Academia Sinica: 274.
839:
and stockpiling, feed should be scattered around the enclosure, hidden in several spots, or slightly buried beneath the substrate (approximately 1tsp of food per hamster per day).
760:'), Roborovski hamsters can sometimes be kept in same-sex pairs or small groups if raised together from a young age. A single or pair of Roborovski hamsters should be kept in a
690:
lasts from 20 and 22 days, producing three to four litters. The litter size is between three and nine, with an average of six. Captive-bred
Roborovski often breed year round.
656:
Breeding in captivity has also produced a darker variation of the naturally sandy-coloured agouti fur. According to Fox (2006) white-faced and derived breeds are considered
517:
first made note of these hamsters, discovering them on an expedition in July 1894, though they were not studied scientifically for the best part of another decade, until
637:
White-from-pied or pure white — is allegedly a combination of the two pied genes producing a white hamster. Note that two recessive pied genes do not make white.
792:
If fighting within a group occurs, the hamsters should be separated immediately to avoid injury. Roborovski hamsters are very active, so a species-appropriate
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of minimum 50 x 100 cm, or the equivalent of 0.5 sq metres with at least 15–20 cm of substrate, so that they may exercise their natural urge to
902:
Fresh water should be available at all times. A bowl is preferable to a bottle, as it encourages a more natural and comfortable drinking posture.
2972:
1140:
435:
709:
develop. The digits separate after six days, and after eleven days the body is completely formed. The young hamsters open their eyes by day 14.
631:
Head spot — a combination of the dominant and recessive pied genes that creates a pure white animal with one patch of colour on the head
3037:
3011:
3091:
1274:"The Duke of Bedford's Zoological Exploration in Eastern Asia. - XI. On Mammals from the Provinces of Shan-si and Shen-si, Northern China"
987:
sand is too dusty for hamsters and can cause respiratory problems. Bird sand is also not suitable as it contains shards of broken shell.
657:
621:
Husky — a recessive mutation producing a white-faced hamster with a paler, more dilute top coat and no dilution on the undercoat.
394:
are part of its diet. According to
Formosow the stock of several burrows indicate an almost insect-based diet. Also the consumption of
1934:
640:
Black-eyed white is a new gene that has proven not to be white from pied or white from white-faced. This gene is still being explored.
3111:
2946:
1415:Млекопитающие Северной Монголии по сборам экспедиции 1926 г. In: Предварительный отчет Зоологической экспедиции в Северную Монголию
2985:
2400:
1696:
693:
The offspring weigh 1.2 grams (0.042 oz)–2 grams (0.071 oz) at birth. At birth, the offspring have no fur, the
600:
Currently, 10 variations of
Roborovski hamsters are thought to exist. Only one is standardised in the UK as of 2018 as per UK
3029:
1678:
1631:
525:
imported them into the UK in the 1960s, but the first
Roborovski hamsters studied in Britain were imported in the 1970s from
2990:
757:
347:
The Roborovski hamster has been found to be more common in the southern area of its distribution range, in areas such as
533:
in 1990. They were imported to the US in 1998, though they are now commonly found in pet shops in several countries. In
3106:
17:
1305:"Zur Säugetier-Fauna der Mongolei. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. Nr. 322"
2473:
2019:"Wissenschaftliche Fakten wie ein Hamstergehege beschaffen sein sollte - Gehegevorstellung - www.das-hamsterforum.de"
1307:[On the mammalian fauna of Mongolia. Results of the zoological research of Dr. Z. Kaszab in Mongolia. # 322]
1245:
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Roborovski hamsters have become increasingly popular as pets in recent years. They are best suited to life as merely
1992:
3042:
1644:
1555:
2875:
209:
2283:
1964:
1163:
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or similar 'fluffy' bedding products), as entanglement or ingestion poses a serious health risk to hamsters.
514:
1738:
Yudin, BS; Galkina, LI; Potapkina, AF (1979). "Mammals of the Altai-Sayanskoi Gorni district" (in Russian).
740:
which can be dangerous and potentially fatal. Hamsters frequently groom themselves, and instead of water, a
2186:
2128:
2018:
1804:
Niitsuma; et al. (2004). "Thirty cases of bronchial asthma associated with exposure to pet hamsters".
1496:
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and therefore breeding them is forbidden by law in several European countries like Germany or Austria. The
3024:
2912:
2907:
2816:
2807:
2774:
2330:
2212:
575:
558:
1583:
Argyropulo, A.I (1933). "Die Gattungen und Arten der Hamster (Cricetinae Murray, 1866) der Paläarctic".
2651:
1620:
1435:
Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane. Abt. 2. Zeitschrift für Sinnesphysiologie
351:, China. It has been reported as a common sighting by locals in this city and in the sand dunes of the
1304:
2642:
828:. Dried insects may be offered in lieu of live prey. Some hamsters also accept seafood such as dried
87:
1760:
1217:
3101:
1602:
Vorontsov, N.N (1960). "Species of Palaearctic hamsters (Cricetinae, Rodentia) in statu nascendi".
1124:
1016:
601:
415:
2237:
2606:
1378:
913:
grind against each other while gnawing, which wears the teeth down; so chew toys are essential.
2977:
2837:
2549:
2187:"Einführung in die Ernährung und Futterliste - Futter und Ernährung - www.das-hamsterforum.de"
1417:. (in Russian). Sankt Petersburg: publisher of the Sovjet Academy of Science. pp. 1–144.
2889:
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2451:
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1532:
1204:
538:
192:
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are all sealed. After three days the whiskers become visible, and after five days the first
3003:
2933:
2884:
2726:
1942:
769:
665:
615:
410:
3068:
1723:
Flint, WJ; Golovkin, N (1961). "A comparative study of hamster ecology in the Tuva area".
8:
1372:
1000:
52:
2258:
2154:
2049:
1831:
1497:
Boris Stepanowitsch Judin; Lijana Iwanowa Galkina; Antonina Fedorowna Potapkina (1979).
593:
are directly opposite and not alternate, as seen in other members of the genus, and the
432:
the functional relation between the daily food intake (N) and the body-weight (M) to be
2792:
2783:
2750:
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957:
581:
550:
518:
235:
82:
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1882:
1101:
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2920:
2624:
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1813:
1739:
1705:
1674:
1479:
1442:
1429:
Zdenêk Veselovský; S. Grundová (1964). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Dschungar-Hamsters,
1320:
1289:
1251:
1241:
1185:
698:
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near the navel above the two openings, appearing as a yellow stain in older animals.
611:— a natural grayish-brown with white underside and "eyebrows" (white over eyes)
401:
In Tuva, the share of animal food is marginal. It primarily lives on the seed of the
2392:
2304:
956:) are also unsuitable as they contain harmful chemicals that can damage a hamster's
219:
2925:
2717:
2675:
2666:
2459:
1285:
1119:
706:
594:
1908:
1556:"Squeak, Squeak! 4 Types Of Hamsters To Consider If Your Kid Wants A Furry Friend"
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2741:
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753:
702:
3016:
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812:
Based on their natural diet, owners should feed hamster food containing mainly
785:
729:
686:
The breeding season for the Roborovski hamster is between April and September.
586:
505:
Pups, juveniles as well as adult hamsters, are foraging food in their burrows.
348:
2365:
661:
3085:
2998:
2860:
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1709:
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793:
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301:
72:
67:
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1817:
1255:
1020:
976:
821:
761:
741:
570:
496:{\displaystyle N=(1{,}422\cdot \ln(M/{\text{gram}})-1{,}780){\text{ gram}}}
352:
1523:
Konijnen en Knaagdieren Encyclopedie - Esther Verhoeff-Verhallen p.130-131
316:
Roborovski hamsters are found in desert regions, such as the basin of the
3055:
2959:
2899:
2869:
2370:
1240:(in German). Vol. 366. Wittenberg/Lutherstadt, Ziemsen. p. 97.
1008:
877:
680:
534:
530:
341:
317:
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carrier of the gene variant causes neurological symptoms similar to the
652:
and its further dilution to blue that is already found in other species.
2951:
2588:
2520:
1725:
Byulletin Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytaelei Priody Otdel Biologichskii
1060:
984:
953:
526:
522:
420:
391:
321:
149:
43:
1398:
Allen, 1940; Thomas, 1908. Cited in: Ross, 1994 ("Ecology" p. 3).
921:
Nesting materials should be easily shreddable and digestible, such as
909:
never stop growing and they have a ‘self-sharpening’ system where the
2964:
1993:"Wissenschaftliche Fakten wie ein Hamsterheim beschaffen sein sollte"
1673:(in German) (4th ed.). Ruhmannsfelden: Bede-Verlag. p. 64.
1004:
940:
Avoid materials that separate into thin strands when chewed (such as
860:
687:
565:) due to its smaller size, sandy coloration of fur and its lack of a
99:
2831:
2213:"What Can Hamsters Eat? Carrots, Grapes, Tomatoes, and More | petMD"
1460:
Flint und Golowkin, 1961. cited in: Flint, 1966 ("Diet" p. 36).
971:
To provide a means of cleaning itself and to help mimic its natural
668:, where the animal spins itself around until it dies of exhaustion.
2854:
2765:
2502:
1857:
961:
945:
896:
851:
836:
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817:
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and small seeds. Animal protein should also be offered, in form of
801:
781:
732:, Roborovski hamsters have been associated with the development of
649:
406:
364:
333:
329:
296:
169:
119:
1078:
725:
On average, Roborovski hamsters will live 26 months in captivity.
2483:
1407:
972:
910:
906:
694:
625:
402:
379:
368:
288:
159:
2938:
1470:
Wan Xin-Rong; Liu Wei; Wang Guang-He; Zhong Wen-Qin (2007). "".
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1987:
1985:
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765:
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608:
387:
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139:
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1614:
1377:. University of California Libraries: Tientsin Press. p.
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813:
424:
395:
337:
292:
1982:
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1428:
1069:
949:
934:
926:
604:, with 4 genes recognised and others still under dispute.
325:
1909:"Robo Dwarf Hamster - All About Roborovski Dwarf Hamsters"
671:
This concern is not seen in recessive white face (husky).
975:, a large bowl of sand should be available at all times.
930:
780:" . Additional levels do not count toward the base area.
2305:"What is the Best Hamster Bedding? - Dwarf Hamster Blog"
1346:"European hamster added to 'critically endangered' list"
1313:
Vertebrata Hungarica Musei Historico-naturalis Hungarici
2331:"Hamster Bedding: The Best Options | The Hamster House"
744:
should be offered to help them stay clean and healthy.
573:
is rounded and does not appear to be as rectangular as
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
1774:
1772:
1770:
618:
producing an agouti-coloured hamster with a white face
1737:
1422:
438:
2427:
Dwerghamsters. Aanschaf, verzorging, Voeding, Fokken
2238:"Hamster care - everything you need to know | RSPCA"
1625:
1401:
2172:
1767:
1235:
2397:Rencontres Internationales du Cinéma des Antipodes
1716:
1198:
495:
2429:Zuidboek Producties: Lisse, The Netherlands: 2002
549:The Roborovski hamster is distinguished from the
3083:
2100:"Types of Hamster Cages and Their Pros and Cons"
1832:"All about hamster grooming | The Hamster House"
1694:
537:, they are almost as common as the Winter White
1490:
1278:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
1015:in January 2020, and won several awards at the
2436:Rebo Productions: Lisse, The Netherlands: 1997
1595:
1544:Website specifically about Roborovski hamsters
1537:
1526:
1125:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T17036A22353945.en
999:, about a hamster, co-written and directed by
2467:
2284:"A suitable environment for hamsters - RSPCA"
1883:"How to Bathe a Hamster - Dwarf Hamster Blog"
1722:
1578:
1576:
2447:Animal Diversity Web - Phodopus roborovskii
1731:
1632:My New Robos - 'Head Spot' and 'Pure White'
1451:cited in: Ross, 1994 ("Ecology" p. 3).
1419:cited in: Ross, 1994 ("Ecology" p. 3).
1099:
508:
311:
2474:
2460:
2044:
2042:
2040:
1582:
1573:
1501:Млекопитающие Алтае-Саянской горной страны
218:
61:
42:
1601:
1238:Die Zwerghamster der paläarktischen Fauna
1123:
304:(found on the other members of the genus
2349:
1803:
1668:
1514:DwarfHamsters- Judith Lissenberg p.22-23
1268:
1236:Flint, Vladimir; Jewgenjewitsch (1966).
1192:
1025:
2385:
2355:Flint, 1966 ("Biotopes" p. 20–21).
2037:
1780:"Phodopus roborovskii (desert hamster)"
1662:
1642:
1463:
1370:
1231:
1229:
1227:
14:
3084:
835:To support their natural behaviour of
344:, being most active at dawn and dusk.
2836:
2835:
2455:
2123:
2121:
1688:
1505:cited in: Ross, 1994 ("Ecology" p. 3)
1302:
697:and claws are visible, but the eyes,
2434:Konijnen en Knaagdieren Encyclopedie
1303:Topál, GY. (1973). O.G, Dely (ed.).
1296:
1224:
916:
287:is the smallest of three species of
3092:IUCN Red List least concern species
1704:. Mammalian Species. pp. 1–4.
1111:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1093:
768:. However, greater floor space and
736:in previously asymptomatic owners.
24:
2419:
2118:
1939:www.oakfarmrabbitsandrodents.co.uk
1806:J. Invest. Allergol. Clin. Immunol
1503:. Nowosibirsk: Nauka. p. 296.
25:
3123:
2440:
1969:www.tierschutzverein-kirchheim.de
1858:"Bathing Hamsters (Don't do it!)"
1645:"New Genes: The Black Roborovski"
1409:Alexander Nikolajewitsch Formosow
1371:Sowerby, Arthur de Clare (1914).
1138:
569:. When observed from behind, the
3112:Taxa named by Konstantin Satunin
2403:from the original on 25 May 2022
2129:"Why your hamster needs a wheel"
1290:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1908.00963.x
1161:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
86:
2358:
2323:
2297:
2276:
2263:hamster-info-net.blogspot.co.uk
2251:
2230:
2205:
2159:hamster-info-net.blogspot.co.uk
2147:
2092:
2079:hamster-info-net.blogspot.co.uk
2067:
2054:hamster-info-net.blogspot.co.uk
2011:
1957:
1927:
1901:
1875:
1850:
1824:
1797:
1636:
1548:
1517:
1508:
1454:
1392:
1364:
521:made observations in 1903. The
1935:"Oak Farm Rabbits And Rodents"
1585:Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
1374:Fur and feather in North China
1338:
1262:
1186:"Why do Hamsters Run So Much?"
1178:
1155:
1132:
880:(can cause stomach irritation)
485:
476:
460:
445:
428:and 32 percent in 1959.
13:
1:
2817:Greater long-tailed hamster (
1086:
1997:hamstergehege.blogspot.co.uk
1164:"How Long Do Hamsters Live?"
776:species of hamsters, where "
544:
7:
2753:Nothocricetulus migratorius
2643:Long-tailed dwarf hamster (
1604:Doklady Biological Sciences
857:Meats which are high in fat
674:
10:
3128:
2775:Campbell's dwarf hamster (
1671:Mein Zwerghamster zu Hause
1643:DoricHM (14 August 2018).
1472:Chinese Journal of Ecology
1034:
990:
747:
712:
3107:Mammals described in 1903
2844:
2805:
2763:
2739:
2688:
2664:
2652:Sokolov's dwarf hamster (
2607:Chinese striped hamster (
2586:
2562:
2552:Allocricetulus eversmanni
2529:
2491:
1695:Patricia D. Ross (1994).
772:depth is recommended for
513:Russian expeditioner Lt.
371:it is known for foraging
241:
234:
226:
217:
198:
191:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
36:
2645:Cricetulus longicaudatus
1500:
1414:
1017:Antipodean Film Festival
983:Sand must be dust-free.
842:Foods to avoid include:
602:National Hamster Council
559:Campbell's dwarf hamster
509:History of human contact
416:Dracocephalum peregrinum
312:Distribution and habitat
2598:Tibetan dwarf hamster (
2543:Allocricetulus curtatus
2432:Verhoeff-Verhallen, E.
2191:www.das-hamsterforum.de
2023:www.das-hamsterforum.de
1143:. Southern Hamster Club
846:Leafy green parts of a
807:
778:bigger is always better
758:Syrian hamster behavior
728:Although claimed to be
358:
2784:Roborovski's hamster (
2727:Ciscaucasian hamster (
2486:(subfamily Cricetinae)
1755:Cite journal requires
1685:p. 11, p. 50
1212:Cite journal requires
1118:: e.T17036A115139633.
1031:
804:in close arrangement.
497:
2609:Cricetulus barabensis
2550:Eversmann's hamster (
1100:Cassola, F. (2017) .
1029:
614:White face — a
539:Russian dwarf hamster
519:Konstantin A. Satunin
498:
275:), also known as the
253:Phodopus praedilectus
245:Cricetulus bedfordiae
2890:Phodopus_roborovskii
2876:Phodopus roborovskii
2846:Phodopus roborovskii
2793:Djungarian hamster (
2786:Phodopus roborovskii
2751:Grey dwarf hamster (
2720:Mesocricetus newtoni
2711:Mesocricetus brandti
2702:Mesocricetus auratus
2634:Lama dwarf hamster (
1784:Animal Diversity Web
1727:(in Russian): 57–76.
1698:Phodopus roborovskii
1621:Oak Farm Roborovskis
1141:"Roborovski Hamster"
1104:Phodopus roborovskii
436:
272:Phodopus roborovskii
202:Phodopus roborovskii
2729:Mesocricetus raddei
2654:Cricetulus sokolovi
2627:Cricetulus kamensis
2625:Kam dwarf hamster (
2600:Cricetulus alticola
2541:Mongolian hamster (
1862:thepipsqueakery.org
1441:. Pallas: 305–311.
1023:, France, in 2021.
1001:Tilda Cobham-Hervey
887:fruits (too acidic)
515:Vsevolod Roborovski
398:has been reported.
184:P. roborovskii
53:Conservation status
37:Roborovski hamster
2777:Phodopus campbelli
2718:Romanian hamster (
2676:European hamster (
2618:Cricetulus griseus
2309:Dwarf Hamster Blog
2259:"Nesting material"
2104:Dwarf Hamster Blog
1913:Dwarf Hamster Blog
1887:Dwarf Hamster Blog
1838:. 14 February 2015
1032:
958:respiratory system
948:shavings (such as
576:Phodopus campbelli
563:Phodopus campbelli
551:Djungarian hamster
493:
281:Robo dwarf hamster
267:Roborovski hamster
18:Roborovski hamster
3079:
3078:
3064:Open Tree of Life
2838:Taxon identifiers
2829:
2828:
2819:Tscherskia triton
2795:Phodopus sungorus
2709:Turkish hamster (
2678:Cricetus cricetus
2616:Chinese hamster (
2335:The Hamster House
2133:The Hamster House
1945:on 3 October 2009
1836:The Hamster House
1680:978-3-89860-121-4
1669:Judy Fox (2006).
1474:. (in Chinese).
1431:Phodopus sungorus
1166:. Pet Gear Planet
968:are safe to use.
964:shavings such as
917:Bedding/Substrate
756:of hamster (see '
616:dominant mutation
582:Phodopus sungorus
555:Phodopus sungorus
491:
474:
411:Siberian peashrub
263:
262:
257:
249:
76:
29:Species of rodent
16:(Redirected from
3119:
3072:
3071:
3059:
3058:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2833:
2832:
2700:Golden hamster (
2476:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2337:. 2 October 2014
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2135:. 2 October 2014
2125:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1941:. Archived from
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1310:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1270:Oldfield, Thomas
1266:
1260:
1259:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1139:Carol, Heather.
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1097:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
666:whirling disease
658:torture-breeding
595:incisive foramen
502:
500:
499:
494:
492:
489:
475:
472:
470:
255:
247:
227:Distribution of
222:
204:
91:
90:
70:
65:
64:
46:
34:
33:
21:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3102:Mammals of Asia
3082:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3051:Observation.org
3049:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2801:
2759:
2742:Nothocricetulus
2735:
2684:
2660:
2636:Cricetulus lama
2582:
2574:Gansu hamster (
2558:
2525:
2487:
2480:
2443:
2425:Lissenberg, J.
2422:
2420:Further reading
2417:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2399:. 25 May 2022.
2393:"2021 Palmares"
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2106:. 12 March 2013
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1999:. 14 March 2010
1991:
1990:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1889:. 22 April 2014
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1721:
1717:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1615:
1600:
1596:
1581:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1267:
1263:
1248:
1234:
1225:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1162:Chen, Michael.
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1133:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1007:, premiered at
995:The short film
993:
919:
810:
750:
715:
701:of the ear and
677:
547:
511:
488:
471:
466:
437:
434:
433:
361:
324:and regions of
314:
213:
206:
200:
187:
85:
77:
66:
62:
55:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2894:
2881:
2866:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:Cansumys canus
2570:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2532:Allocricetulus
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2441:External links
2439:
2438:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2384:
2357:
2348:
2322:
2311:. 26 June 2013
2296:
2275:
2250:
2229:
2204:
2171:
2146:
2117:
2091:
2066:
2036:
2010:
1981:
1956:
1926:
1915:. 4 March 2013
1900:
1874:
1849:
1823:
1812:(3): 221–224.
1796:
1766:
1757:|journal=
1730:
1715:
1687:
1679:
1661:
1649:Doric Hamstery
1635:
1624:
1613:
1594:
1572:
1547:
1536:
1533:Petwebsite.com
1525:
1516:
1507:
1489:
1478:(2): 223–227.
1462:
1453:
1421:
1400:
1391:
1363:
1352:. 10 July 2020
1337:
1295:
1284:(4): 963–983.
1272:(April 1908).
1261:
1246:
1223:
1214:|journal=
1191:
1177:
1154:
1131:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:A robo staring
992:
989:
925:toilet paper,
918:
915:
900:
899:
894:
888:
881:
867:
858:
855:
809:
806:
749:
746:
730:hypoallergenic
714:
711:
676:
673:
654:
653:
648:behaving like
645:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
624:"mottled" or "
622:
619:
612:
546:
543:
510:
507:
487:
484:
481:
478:
469:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
360:
357:
349:Yulin, Shaanxi
313:
310:
277:desert hamster
261:
260:
259:
258:
250:
239:
238:
232:
231:
229:P. roborovskii
224:
223:
215:
214:
207:
196:
195:
189:
188:
181:
179:
175:
174:
167:
163:
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102:
97:
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92:
79:
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60:
57:
56:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
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3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
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2992:
2987:
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2974:
2970:
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2953:
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2922:
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2810:
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2698:
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2610:
2605:
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2596:
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2569:
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2548:
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2528:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2498:
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2472:
2470:
2465:
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2458:
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2444:
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2431:
2428:
2424:
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2402:
2398:
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2373:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2285:
2279:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2218:
2217:www.petmd.com
2214:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1819:
1815:
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1800:
1785:
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1771:
1762:
1749:
1741:
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1726:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1682:
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1665:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1587:(in German).
1586:
1579:
1577:
1561:
1560:www.yahoo.com
1557:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1511:
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1395:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:(in German).
1314:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:9789036615969
1243:
1239:
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1187:
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1080:
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1044:
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1038:
1028:
1024:
1022:
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988:
986:
981:
978:
974:
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967:
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959:
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947:
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928:
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868:
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843:
840:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
805:
803:
797:
795:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
752:Unlike other
745:
743:
737:
735:
731:
726:
723:
720:
719:observational
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
684:
682:
672:
669:
667:
663:
659:
651:
646:
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639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
606:
605:
603:
598:
596:
592:
589:of the lower
588:
584:
583:
578:
577:
572:
568:
567:dorsal stripe
564:
560:
556:
552:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
506:
503:
482:
479:
467:
463:
457:
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448:
442:
439:
429:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:In Mongolia,
376:
374:
370:
366:
356:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
302:dorsal stripe
299:
298:
294:
290:
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285:dwarf hamster
282:
278:
274:
273:
268:
254:
251:
246:
243:
242:
240:
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233:
230:
225:
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2691:Mesocricetus
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2366:"Roborovski"
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2155:"Wheel size"
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1021:Saint Tropez
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982:
977:Sand bathing
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353:Ordos Desert
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2960:iNaturalist
2870:Wikispecies
2482:Species of
2371:Flickerfest
2341:22 February
2315:22 February
2289:22 February
2268:21 February
2243:22 February
2222:22 February
2197:21 February
2193:(in German)
2164:21 February
2139:21 February
2110:22 February
2084:21 February
2059:21 February
2029:21 February
2025:(in German)
2003:21 February
1974:21 February
1965:"Cage size"
1949:22 February
1919:22 February
1893:22 February
1867:22 February
1842:22 February
1789:21 February
1009:Flickerfest
942:cotton wool
681:scent gland
535:South Korea
531:Netherlands
423:as well as
342:crepuscular
318:lake Zaysan
156:Subfamily:
3086:Categories
2808:Tscherskia
2589:Cricetulus
2521:Cricetidae
1654:6 December
1610:: 491–493.
1591:: 129–149.
1330:25 January
1319:: 47–100.
1087:References
997:Roborovski
985:Chinchilla
905:Hamsters'
662:homozygous
650:melanistic
527:Moscow Zoo
523:London Zoo
490: gram
407:nitre bush
365:omnivorous
322:Kazakhstan
283:or simply
256:Mori, 1930
160:Cricetinae
150:Cricetidae
2495:Kingdom:
2050:"Zubehör"
1710:0076-3519
1565:28 August
1484:1000-4890
1447:0044-3468
1356:28 August
1325:0506-7839
1005:Dev Patel
923:unscented
861:Chocolate
824:or other
818:mealworms
782:Aquariums
770:substrate
742:sand bath
688:Gestation
545:Variation
480:−
458:
452:⋅
421:milkvetch
363:They are
178:Species:
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
3097:Phodopus
3030:13000370
2978:10665147
2897:BioLib:
2855:Wikidata
2766:Phodopus
2667:Cricetus
2565:Cansumys
2519:Family:
2515:Rodentia
2509:Mammalia
2503:Chordata
2501:Phylum:
2497:Animalia
2484:hamsters
2401:Archived
2075:"Gehege"
1818:15552716
1411:(1929).
1350:BBC News
1170:16 March
1147:26 April
962:Hardwood
946:Softwood
911:incisors
907:incisors
897:Eggplant
837:foraging
830:gammarus
695:incisors
675:Breeding
392:crickets
334:Xinjiang
330:Mongolia
306:Phodopus
297:Phodopus
236:Synonyms
171:Phodopus
146:Family:
140:Rodentia
130:Mammalia
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
3017:1002214
2952:2437846
2939:1179518
2861:Q729420
2513:Order:
2507:Class:
1384:1 March
1256:9704187
1035:Gallery
991:In film
973:habitat
826:insects
754:species
748:Housing
713:As pets
388:earwigs
384:beetles
380:insects
375:seeds.
369:Shaanxi
291:in the
289:hamster
212:, 1903)
210:Satunin
166:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
3043:109678
2991:632740
2913:101366
2407:26 May
2377:26 May
1816:
1742:: 296.
1708:
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1323:
1254:
1244:
1013:Sydney
935:leaves
885:citrus
874:garlic
870:Onions
848:tomato
814:grains
766:burrow
734:asthma
703:digits
699:pinnae
609:Agouti
591:molars
585:. The
557:) and
425:sedges
419:, and
396:snails
373:millet
3056:86639
3004:17036
2973:IRMNG
2965:44931
2926:4GK92
2900:35546
1740:Nauka
1702:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
966:aspen
954:cedar
893:seeds
891:Apple
865:candy
852:toxic
802:hides
794:wheel
644:rust.
587:cusps
483:1,780
449:1,422
382:like
338:China
293:genus
3069:9032
3038:NCBI
2999:IUCN
2986:ITIS
2947:GBIF
2908:BOLD
2409:2022
2379:2022
2343:2018
2317:2018
2291:2018
2270:2018
2245:2018
2224:2018
2199:2018
2166:2018
2141:2018
2112:2018
2086:2018
2061:2018
2031:2018
2005:2018
1976:2018
1951:2018
1921:2018
1895:2018
1869:2018
1844:2018
1814:PMID
1791:2018
1761:help
1706:ISSN
1675:ISBN
1656:2018
1567:2021
1480:ISSN
1443:ISSN
1386:2015
1358:2021
1332:2014
1321:ISSN
1252:OCLC
1242:ISBN
1218:help
1172:2017
1149:2013
1116:2016
1003:and
950:pine
927:moss
883:All
876:and
808:Food
784:and
762:cage
626:pied
579:and
473:gram
390:and
359:Diet
332:and
326:Tuva
265:The
3025:MSW
3012:MDD
2934:EoL
2921:CoL
2885:ADW
1608:132
1433:".
1286:doi
1120:doi
1019:in
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