34:
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416:. Jessica Martin writes, "Insofar as rollback is concerned, American support for rebels, especially in Afghanistan, at the time helped to drain Soviet coffers and tax its human resources, contributing to that nation's overall crisis and eventual
294:
actions to undermine hostile small governments and used economic and military foreign aid to strengthen governments supporting the
American position in the Cold War. In August 1953, the United States, in collaboration with the British
506:
While the initial invasion succeeded in removing the
Taliban from state power, after twenty years of a US military presence which was extremely unpopular both in Afghanistan and the US and was met with a Taliban insurgency, the
342:
later explained: "We couldn't, on one hand, complain about the
Soviets intervening in Hungary and, on the other hand, approve of the British and the French picking that particular time to intervene against
338:, which unfolded simultaneously, played an important role in hampering the U.S. response to the crisis in Hungary. The Suez Crisis made the condemnation of Soviet actions difficult. As Vice President
397:
to protect
American residents and reinstate constitutional government following a coup by what Reagan called "a brutal gang of leftist thugs." Reagan's interventions came to be known as the
5956:
2624:
4111:
152:, proposed in 1835 a coalition that would be "united to roll back into its congenial steppes and deserts the tide of Russian barbarism." Scottish novelist and military historian
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officially endorsed a policy of rollback—the protection of South Korea against an invading army of the communist North Korean government—and sent UN forces across the
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160:, "I cast back to my memory of the tales of Indian war, and could not believe but that the white man, if warned and armed, would rollback [sic] the
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65:, which means developing a working relationship with that state. Most of the discussions of rollback in the scholarly literature deal with
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Matray, James I (Sep 1979), "Truman's Plan for
Victory: National Self-Determination and the Thirty-Eighth Parallel Decision in Korea",
448:
successfully freed Kuwait, many military leaders and
American politicians called for a full invasion of Iraq to replace Iraqi dictator
5749:
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5349:
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283:. However, Eisenhower ultimately adopted containment instead of rollback in October 1953 through National Security Council document
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684:
Pash, Sidney (2010), "Containment, Rollback and the Onset of the
Pacific War, 1933–1941", in Piehler, G Kurt; Pash, Sidney (eds.),
264:
38:
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was popularized in the 1940s and the 1950s, but the term is much older. Some
Britons, opposed to Russian oppression against
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Rollback includes military operations designed to destroy an enemy's armed forces and occupy its country, as was done in
66:
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gradually declared their laws superior to those of the Soviet Union, and the USSR ceased to exist on
December 26, 1991.
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3431:
2526:
1504:
1389:
1343:
1338:
1284:
1220:
Meese III, Edwin. "Rollback: Intelligence and the Reagan strategy in the developing world," in Peter
Schweizer, ed.,
1067:"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the United States Response to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11"
487:
473:
5981:
5494:
5489:
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5278:
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5028:
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4801:
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4681:
4551:
4469:
4439:
4414:
4357:
4340:
4335:
4247:
4201:
3163:
2726:
1996:
1937:
1049:
1007:
980:
931:
874:
835:
652:
623:
580:
394:
86:
1734:
5734:
5417:
5018:
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4915:
4706:
4531:
4489:
4459:
4181:
2866:
2861:
2356:
2319:
2048:
1494:
530:", which also included Iran and North Korea. Additionally, the administration claimed to believe Hussein possessed
280:
272:
2544:
2406:
2090:
452:
and effectively roll back his regime. However, President Bush ultimately decided against a full invasion of Iraq.
3586:
2967:
2896:
2796:
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2446:
2436:
2023:
1410:
1143:
417:
2361:
2248:
2236:
3017:
2786:
2366:
2268:
2001:
1445:
1440:
1196:
Borhi, László. "Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction?: U.S. Policy and Eastern Europe in the 1950s,"
502:
The Taliban must act and act immediately. They will hand over the terrorists, or they will share in their fate.
2686:
2416:
1927:
1699:
1179:
Borhi, László. "Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction? U.S. Policy and Eastern Europe in the 1950s."
720:
304:
300:
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2619:
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456:
2411:
2120:
2043:
1714:
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2736:
2654:
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2521:
2451:
2216:
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1626:
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196:. Much debated was the question whether the U.S. should pursue a rollback strategy against Soviet-occupier
98:
94:
1184:
5729:
3969:
3441:
3436:
3153:
2831:
2559:
2304:
2263:
2207:
2110:
1991:
1949:
1854:
1379:
1333:
1066:
946:
H. W. Brands, Jr., "Decisions on American Armed Intervention: Lebanon, Dominican Republic, and Grenada,"
362:
296:
291:
197:
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3012:
3002:
2856:
2456:
1944:
1747:
1514:
1041:
Soviet-American Relations, 1953–1960: Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange During the Eisenhower Presidency
5971:
4035:
3911:
3856:
3676:
2664:
2371:
1932:
1544:
1461:
315:, a private agency funded by Congress, broadcast criticisms of communist regimes directed at Soviet
192:
and other strategists in the late 1940s, and by the Truman Administration against North Korea in the
20:
1213:
Lesh, Bruce. "Limited War or a Rollback of Communism?: Truman, MacArthur, and the Korean Conflict,"
1162:
3661:
3228:
2491:
2381:
2135:
1679:
1237:
Stöver, Bernd (2004), "Rollback: an offensive strategy for the Cold War", in Junker, Detlef (ed.),
429:
207:
and military or clandestine assistance to delegitimize Soviet-dominated communist regimes and help
3401:
686:
The United States and the Second World War: New Perspectives on Diplomacy, War, and the Home Front
5951:
5774:
2891:
2836:
2821:
2761:
2569:
2549:
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1986:
1591:
644:
405:
366:
308:
1794:
3681:
3185:
2579:
2253:
1729:
1489:
1484:
1277:
516:
121:
3891:
997:
972:
921:
864:
825:
613:
231:
that year. The operation had already been betrayed to the Soviets by the British double agent
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3195:
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2851:
2806:
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2701:
2645:
2564:
2346:
2160:
2038:
1956:
1864:
1829:
1739:
1684:
1581:
1422:
827:
Understanding the American Promise, Volume 2: From 1865: A Brief History of the United States
721:"Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction? U.S. Policy and Eastern Europe in the 1950s"
596:
534:. As a result, in March 2003, the U.S. military invaded Iraq and overthrew Hussein's regime.
413:
204:
125:
5996:
5913:
5837:
5198:
3456:
3223:
3078:
3032:
2947:
2942:
2741:
2640:
2589:
2584:
2476:
2431:
2386:
2324:
2155:
2130:
2080:
2008:
1922:
1772:
1374:
1353:
483:
276:
157:
82:
572:
8:
5986:
5918:
5847:
5832:
5769:
3901:
3816:
3811:
3711:
3574:
3371:
3255:
3170:
3058:
2911:
2906:
2886:
2871:
2781:
2776:
2681:
2614:
2604:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2401:
2341:
2314:
2140:
2125:
2095:
2073:
1859:
1849:
1576:
1499:
1469:
1453:
361:
The "rollback" movement gained significant ground in the United States in the 1980s. The
252:
132:
in 2003). When directed against an established government, rollback is sometimes called "
33:
2756:
2669:
1116:
1091:
5933:
4055:
3851:
3836:
3761:
3741:
3736:
3721:
3568:
3316:
3068:
2952:
2706:
2609:
2594:
2506:
2496:
2471:
2466:
2231:
2185:
2100:
2085:
2028:
1844:
1767:
1643:
1534:
1524:
790:
740:
369:
and other influential conservatives, began to channel weapons to movements such as the
344:
268:
27:
3751:
3580:
5928:
4068:
3921:
3866:
3841:
3796:
3726:
3701:
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3512:
3396:
3366:
3103:
3093:
3007:
2901:
2746:
2461:
2258:
2115:
2068:
1966:
1917:
1891:
1869:
1709:
1689:
1633:
1621:
1435:
1270:
1045:
1003:
976:
965:
927:
870:
831:
648:
619:
576:
441:
312:
203:
Instead of overt military rollback, the United States focused primarily on long-term
46:
4045:
3716:
744:
311:
also coordinated psychological warfare against the Soviet Bloc and the USSR itself.
200:
in Eastern Europe in 1953–1956, which the United States ultimately decided against.
188:
The notion of military rollback against the Soviet Union was proposed by strategist
5908:
5877:
5857:
5852:
3831:
3756:
3686:
3671:
3651:
3598:
3381:
3376:
3356:
3306:
3296:
3123:
3088:
3073:
3022:
2751:
2691:
2531:
2190:
2170:
1879:
1821:
1815:
1782:
1762:
1752:
1601:
1402:
1394:
1208:
782:
732:
165:
112:(against Fascist Italy in 1943, Nazi Germany in 1945, and Imperial Japan in 1945),
641:
The Art of State Persuasion: China's Strategic Use of Media in Interstate Disputes
5923:
5903:
5872:
5867:
5842:
5827:
5712:
4050:
3906:
3896:
3881:
3861:
3846:
3821:
3766:
3531:
3499:
3391:
3351:
3113:
3108:
3048:
2989:
2721:
2599:
2426:
2391:
2299:
2294:
2018:
1912:
1586:
1519:
1509:
1474:
1430:
1417:
1369:
1039:
907:
Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty
565:
398:
316:
228:
70:
53:
is the strategy of forcing a change in the major policies of a state, usually by
2013:
1230:
Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert the Soviet Bloc 1947-1956
670:
The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy
5887:
5862:
3876:
3801:
3791:
3786:
3646:
3386:
3175:
3098:
2826:
2731:
2481:
2421:
2053:
1971:
1874:
1834:
1804:
1704:
1659:
1157:
736:
523:
449:
248:
129:
1239:
United States and Germany in the era of the Cold War, 1945 to 1990, A handbook
923:
In the Name of Democracy: U.S. Policy Toward Latin America in the Reagan Years
6019:
5966:
5882:
4122:
4040:
3886:
3781:
3746:
3731:
3691:
3233:
3063:
2801:
2711:
2574:
2554:
2441:
2202:
2180:
2145:
1724:
1719:
1674:
1596:
1556:
1305:
339:
216:
189:
133:
90:
54:
4140:
3826:
3776:
3706:
3696:
3550:
3538:
3525:
3331:
3158:
2659:
1907:
1757:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1312:
527:
508:
437:
320:
177:
109:
1117:"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union"
1092:"Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union"
5961:
3871:
3476:
3446:
3301:
3291:
3190:
3053:
2846:
2335:
2165:
2150:
1961:
1809:
1777:
1664:
1479:
1384:
1323:
477:
409:
374:
335:
331:
212:
153:
102:
58:
432:
on 2 August 1990, a coalition of Western militaries deployed to protect
412:
conflict. On the other hand, the Soviet Union eventually had to abandon
3630:
3341:
3311:
3265:
3180:
3148:
3140:
3083:
2771:
2486:
2175:
2063:
1669:
951:
794:
370:
244:
232:
215:, including efforts to provide weapons to independence fighters in the
208:
193:
78:
2284:
62:
3926:
3771:
3620:
3593:
3406:
3361:
3270:
3238:
3218:
3210:
2539:
2329:
515:
administrations withdrew all US troops from Afghanistan, and in 2021
512:
382:
284:
1025:
The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War
786:
3505:
3346:
3243:
2937:
2841:
1981:
1839:
1293:
495:
445:
390:
161:
74:
2625:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
862:
3451:
3336:
3326:
3275:
2816:
1561:
1205:
Operation Roll Back: America's Secret War behind the Iron Curtain
1191:
Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy
866:
Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy
491:
378:
224:
220:
117:
3519:
3321:
3260:
2195:
486:, his administration, along with a NATO coalition, undertook a
433:
386:
149:
61:, which means preventing the expansion of that state; and with
108:
Rollback of governments hostile to the U.S. took place during
5764:
4004:
3960:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
3466:
3249:
1328:
498:, the group responsible for the attacks. Bush told Congress:
235:, and led to the immediate capture or killing of the agents.
598:
The British and Foreign Review Or European Quarterly Journal
77:. The rollback strategy was tried and was not successful in
3544:
3426:
1318:
1262:
105:, but decided against it to avoid the risk of a major war.
120:
in 2001, though this would fail in the long term with the
3999:
3979:
3974:
404:
Critics argued that the Reagan Doctrine led to so-called
227:
in 1949, following the defeat of communist forces in the
326:
In 1956, Eisenhower decided not to intervene during the
544:
271:
took the lead in promoting a rollback policy. The 1952
567:
Regime Change: U.S. Strategy Through the Prism of 9/11
6041:
History of the foreign relations of the United States
287:, effectively abandoning rollback efforts in Europe.
844:
702:
James Burnham and the struggle for the world: a life
275:'s national platform reaffirmed this position, and
1174:Rollback!: Right-wing Power in U.S. Foreign Policy
964:
564:
357:Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration
330:, which was subsequently brutally put down by the
5797:
6017:
3945:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
919:
37:American troops detain members of the Grenadian
2382:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
1789:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
211:. These attempts began as early as 1945 in the
892:Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA
823:
6036:Foreign policy doctrines of the United States
4105:
1278:
863:Robert R. Bowie; Richard H. Immerman (2000).
4021:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1572:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
526:in Iraq, labeling the regime as part of an "
2882:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1189:Bowie, Robert R., and Richard H. Immerman.
926:. U. of California Press. pp. 113–15.
714:
712:
611:
5711:
4112:
4098:
3985:United States involvement in regime change
1540:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1285:
1271:
904:
494:government, which it believe had harbored
168:was significant in popularizing the term.
26:Within Knowledge, "Rollback" may refer to
1241:, vol. 1: 1945–1968, pp. 97–102
1227:
1037:
1002:. US: Taylor & Francis. p. 751.
290:Eisenhower instead relied on clandestine
93:discussed the use of rollback during the
995:
950:(1987) 102#4 pp. 607-624 quote at p 616
709:
32:
4139:
2111:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
1253:
1172:Bodenheimer, Thomas, and Robert Gould.
967:Encyclopedia of American foreign policy
962:
807:
759:Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA
667:
101:, which were ultimately crushed by the
6018:
4128:Foreign relations of the United States
3955:Russian espionage in the United States
2227:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1236:
889:
850:
772:
756:
562:
550:
522:Similarly, Bush opposed the regime of
408:and an unnecessary intensification of
395:successful invasion of Grenada in 1983
303:to assist the Iranian military in the
5796:
5710:
4138:
4093:
3950:Soviet espionage in the United States
2106:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
1885:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
1550:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
1266:
1065:Bush, George W. (20 September 2001).
830:. Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 740.
761:, New York: Doubleday, pp. 45–46
718:
699:
6046:Soviet Union–United States relations
4026:Soviet Union–United States relations
2377:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
1200:Fall 1999, Vol. 1 Issue 3, pp 67–110
1115:Bush, George W. (January 28, 2003).
1114:
1089:
1064:
1022:
824:James L. Roark; et al. (2011).
683:
638:
632:
423:
258:
5545:Greater Republic of Central America
5540:Federal Republic of Central America
3990:Soviet involvement in regime change
1217:Oct 2008, Vol. 22 Issue 4, pp 47–53
1090:Bush, George W. (29 January 2002).
1044:. McFarland & Co. p. 260.
455:Between 1988 and 1991, the fifteen
223:. Another early effort was against
13:
4031:Soviet Union–United States summits
1505:1947 Polish parliamentary election
1390:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
1247:
1137:
672:, pp. 145, 239, 325, 382, 391
122:Taliban returning to power in 2021
14:
6057:
2792:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
2727:United States invasion of Grenada
1997:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
1938:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
618:. House of Stratus. p. 166.
467:
393:. The United States launched the
5660:Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
4351:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4187:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4121:
2867:United States invasion of Panama
2717:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
2357:1971 Turkish military memorandum
2320:Communist insurgency in Thailand
2290:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
2222:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
2049:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
1977:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1495:Restatement of Policy on Germany
963:DeConde, Alexander, ed. (2002).
462:
350:
3587:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2968:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
2897:Fall of the inner German border
2797:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
2447:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
2437:Spanish transition to democracy
2397:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
2024:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
1530:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
1411:Occupation of the Baltic states
1176:(1999), hostile to the strategy
1108:
1096:The American Presidency Project
1083:
1071:The American Presidency Project
1058:
1031:
1016:
989:
956:
940:
913:
898:
883:
856:
817:
801:
766:
750:
612:John Buchan (25 January 2011).
238:
171:
4572:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
2367:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
2002:Mozambican War of Independence
1441:Indonesian National Revolution
693:
677:
661:
605:
589:
556:
474:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
180:to Italy, Germany, and Japan.
139:
1:
3965:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
2980:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
2933:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
2655:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
2620:Seven Days to the River Rhine
2352:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
1639:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
1567:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
639:Wang, Frances Yaping (2024).
571:. Johns Hopkins U.P. p.
537:
517:the Taliban returned to power
2958:Fall of communism in Albania
2928:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
2877:Polish Round Table Agreement
2217:1968 Polish political crisis
2034:Eritrean War of Independence
1800:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1695:East German uprising of 1953
1627:Chinese Communist Revolution
1292:
1198:Journal of Cold War Studies,
1163:Resources in other libraries
999:Encyclopedia of the Cold War
996:Van Dijk, Ruud, ed. (2008).
328:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
247:, the United States and the
99:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
95:East German uprising of 1953
67:United States foreign policy
16:Strategy of forcing a change
7:
5780:International organizations
5680:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5535:Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2832:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
2560:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
2305:Corrective Movement (Syria)
2269:New People's Army rebellion
2264:Sino-Soviet border conflict
1992:Angolan War of Independence
1855:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1735:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
1380:Jamaican political conflict
1228:Mitrovich, Gregory (2000),
1222:The Fall of the Berlin Wall
1181:Journal of Cold War Studies
1121:American Presidency Project
948:Political Science Quarterly
775:Journal of American History
725:Journal of Cold War Studies
668:Weigley, Russell F (1977),
532:weapons of mass destruction
414:its invasion of Afghanistan
183:
85:, but it was successful in
55:replacing its ruling regime
10:
6062:
5823:Proclamation of Neutrality
5610:North German Confederation
3028:Sino-Indian border dispute
2857:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2787:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
2545:1976 Argentine coup d'état
2457:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
2407:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
2091:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
2059:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
1748:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1515:Asian Relations Conference
1038:Rosenberg, Victor (2005).
890:Prados, John (2009), "6",
869:. Oxford UP. p. 171.
737:10.1162/152039799316976814
471:
354:
265:1952 presidential election
25:
18:
5942:
5896:
5811:
5807:
5792:
5720:
5706:
5512:
5477:
5441:
5410:
5389:
5382:
5322:
5219:
5141:
5073:
5066:
4954:
4888:
4830:
4777:
4741:
4734:
4659:
4636:
4585:
4509:
4502:
4407:
4371:
4323:
4215:
4159:
4152:
4148:
4134:
4064:
4013:
3935:
3912:William Appleman Williams
3857:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
3639:
3611:
3560:
3492:
3485:
3419:
3284:
3209:
3139:
3132:
3041:
2988:
2920:
2633:
2372:Bangladesh Liberation War
2362:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
2277:
2249:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
2237:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
1900:
1675:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
1652:
1362:
1300:
1158:Resources in your library
920:Thomas Carothers (1993).
905:Puddington, Arch (2003),
810:The Korean War: A History
21:Rollback (disambiguation)
5615:Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
4177:Central African Republic
2687:1980 Turkish coup d'état
2522:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
2492:1978 Somali coup attempt
2452:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
2417:1973 Chilean coup d'état
2242:Revolutionary Government
2136:South African Border War
1928:1960 Turkish coup d'état
1845:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
1700:1953 Iranian coup d'état
1680:1952 Egyptian revolution
1215:OAH Magazine of History,
430:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
5775:Third Border Initiative
2892:Fall of the Berlin Wall
2837:People Power Revolution
2822:Central American crisis
2762:1986 Black Sea incident
2412:1973 Afghan coup d'état
2310:Western Sahara conflict
2121:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2044:1963 Syrian coup d'état
1987:Portuguese Colonial War
1950:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
1715:1954 Syrian coup d'état
1592:Annexation of Hyderabad
1535:1947–1949 Palestine war
1254:Burnham, James (1947),
808:Cumings, Bruce (2010),
645:Oxford University Press
601:. 1835. pp. 52–53.
563:Litwak, Robert (2007).
367:The Heritage Foundation
309:Charles Douglas Jackson
305:restoration of the Shah
267:, Republican spokesman
5685:Kingdom of Württemberg
5675:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5237:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3186:Neoclassical economics
2697:Gulf of Sidra incident
2254:1969 Libyan revolution
1945:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1730:1954 Geneva Conference
1490:Turkish straits crisis
1485:Corfu Channel incident
1256:Struggle for the World
719:Borhi, László (1999),
700:Kelly, Daniel (2002),
42:
4207:São Tomé and Príncipe
4192:Republic of the Congo
4036:Russia–NATO relations
3917:Jonathan Reed Winkler
3201:Democratic capitalism
3196:Supply-side economics
3164:American conservatism
2963:Breakup of Yugoslavia
2852:Bougainville conflict
2767:South Yemen civil war
2702:Martial law in Poland
2565:Nicaraguan Revolution
2540:Dirty War (Argentina)
2347:1971 JVP insurrection
2161:Years of Lead (Italy)
2039:North Yemen civil war
1957:Berlin Crisis of 1961
1933:Albanian–Soviet split
1865:1959 Tibetan uprising
1830:Syrian Crisis of 1957
1685:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
1545:1948 Arab–Israeli War
615:Salute to Adventurers
363:Reagan administration
307:. Eisenhower adviser
205:psychological warfare
156:in 1915 wrote of the
36:
6026:Cold War terminology
5997:Special Relationship
5838:Good Neighbor policy
5600:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
5595:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
5590:Grand Duchy of Hesse
5525:Grand Duchy of Baden
5199:Special Relationship
5049:United Arab Emirates
3457:Non-Aligned Movement
3079:Peaceful coexistence
3033:North Borneo dispute
2948:German reunification
2943:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
2641:Salvadoran Civil War
2590:Grand Mosque seizure
2585:Yemenite War of 1979
2477:Mozambican Civil War
2432:Carnation Revolution
2387:Yemenite War of 1972
2325:1970 Polish protests
2156:1967 Hong Kong riots
2131:Argentine Revolution
2081:Guatemalan Civil War
2009:Cuban Missile Crisis
1923:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1795:1956 Poznań protests
1773:Geneva Summit (1955)
1375:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1354:Non-Aligned Movement
1183:1.3 (1999): 67-110.
1023:Mann, James (2009),
971:. Scribner. p.
781:(2), JStor: 314–33,
757:Weiner, Tim (2007),
484:September 11 attacks
279:appointed Dulles as
277:Dwight D. Eisenhower
158:American Indian Wars
57:. It contrasts with
19:For other uses, see
5987:Progressive realism
5982:Non-interventionism
5833:Roosevelt Corollary
5770:Major non-NATO ally
5655:Kingdom of Sardinia
5580:Hanseatic Republics
4577:Trinidad and Tobago
4562:St. Kitts and Nevis
4517:Antigua and Barbuda
3902:Alex von Tunzelmann
3892:Vladimir Tismăneanu
3817:Thomas J. McCormick
3812:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
3712:Robert Hugh Ferrell
3575:Crusade for Freedom
3372:Illiberal democracy
3256:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3059:Eisenhower Doctrine
2912:Peaceful Revolution
2907:Romanian Revolution
2887:Revolutions of 1989
2872:1988 Polish strikes
2782:Operation INFEKTION
2777:1987 Lieyu massacre
2682:Eritrean Civil Wars
2665:Peruvian Revolution
2615:1979 Herat uprising
2605:Sino-Vietnamese War
2570:Uganda–Tanzania War
2550:Egyptian–Libyan War
2517:Third Indochina War
2512:Sino-Albanian split
2502:Ethiopian Civil War
2402:Eritrean Civil Wars
2342:Ping-pong diplomacy
2315:Cambodian Civil War
2141:Korean DMZ Conflict
2126:Cultural Revolution
2096:Dominican Civil War
2074:Tlatelolco massacre
1860:1959 Mosul uprising
1850:1958 Lebanon crisis
1577:Al-Wathbah uprising
1500:First Indochina War
1470:Iran crisis of 1946
71:communist countries
5977:Middle East policy
5575:Kingdom of Hanover
5530:Kingdom of Bavaria
4542:Dominican Republic
4056:Russian Revolution
3852:Mary Elise Sarotte
3837:William B. Pickett
3762:Patrick J. Hearden
3742:Gabriel Gorodetsky
3737:Timothy Garton Ash
3722:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
3317:Ethnic nationalism
3069:Hallstein Doctrine
2953:Yemeni unification
2742:1985 Geneva Summit
2707:Casamance conflict
2610:New Jewel Movement
2595:Iranian Revolution
2580:Chadian–Libyan War
2527:Cambodian conflict
2507:Lebanese Civil War
2497:Western Sahara War
2472:June 1976 protests
2467:Cambodian genocide
2232:17 July Revolution
2186:Nigerian Civil War
2101:Rhodesian Bush War
2086:Colombian conflict
2029:Ramadan Revolution
1768:Bandung Conference
1644:Operation Valuable
1525:Partition of India
812:, pp. 25, 210
553:, pp. 97–102.
488:war in Afghanistan
345:Gamal Abdel Nasser
281:Secretary of State
269:John Foster Dulles
164:." More recently,
43:
28:Knowledge:Rollback
6031:Cold War policies
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
5788:
5787:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5670:Republic of Texas
5620:Orange Free State
5565:Republic of Genoa
5508:
5507:
5378:
5377:
5062:
5061:
4730:
4729:
4498:
4497:
4197:Equatorial Guinea
4087:
4086:
4074:List of conflicts
3922:Rudolph Winnacker
3867:Giles Scott-Smith
3842:Ronald E. Powaski
3797:Melvyn P. Leffler
3727:John Lewis Gaddis
3702:Robert D. English
3667:Warren H. Carroll
3657:Michael Beschloss
3626:Nuclear arms race
3607:
3606:
3513:Neues Deutschland
3415:
3414:
3397:White nationalism
3367:Liberal democracy
3104:Ulbricht Doctrine
3094:Brezhnev Doctrine
2902:Velvet Revolution
2646:Soviet–Afghan War
2462:Angolan Civil War
2259:Goulash Communism
2116:ASEAN Declaration
2069:Mexican Dirty War
1967:Annexation of Goa
1918:1960 U-2 incident
1892:Sino-Soviet split
1870:Laotian Civil War
1710:Bricker Amendment
1690:Mau Mau rebellion
1634:Malayan Emergency
1622:Chinese Civil War
1582:Tito–Stalin split
1436:Division of Korea
1144:Library resources
424:George H. W. Bush
313:Radio Free Europe
259:Dwight Eisenhower
47:political science
6053:
5809:
5808:
5794:
5793:
5708:
5707:
5585:Hawaiian Kingdom
5550:Congo Free State
5454:Marshall Islands
5423:Papua New Guinea
5387:
5386:
5071:
5070:
4739:
4738:
4507:
4506:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4091:
4090:
3832:David S. Painter
3757:John Earl Haynes
3687:Nicholas J. Cull
3672:Adrian Cioroianu
3652:Thomas A. Bailey
3599:Voice of America
3490:
3489:
3402:White separatism
3382:Social democracy
3377:Guided democracy
3357:Authoritarianism
3307:Ultranationalism
3297:Anti-imperialism
3224:Marxism–Leninism
3137:
3136:
3124:Kinmen Agreement
3089:Johnson Doctrine
3074:Kennedy Doctrine
2990:Frozen conflicts
2973:1991 August Coup
2862:Afghan Civil War
2757:Reykjavík Summit
2752:Somali Rebellion
2692:Ugandan Bush War
2670:Gdańsk Agreement
2191:Protests of 1968
2171:War of Attrition
1880:Cuban Revolution
1816:We will bury you
1783:Cyprus Emergency
1763:Kashmir Princess
1753:Jebel Akhdar War
1602:Western betrayal
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1242:
1232:
1224:(2000), pp 77–86
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1013:
993:
987:
986:
970:
960:
954:
944:
938:
937:
917:
911:
909:
902:
896:
894:
887:
881:
880:
860:
854:
848:
842:
841:
821:
815:
813:
805:
799:
797:
770:
764:
762:
754:
748:
747:
716:
707:
705:
697:
691:
689:
688:, pp. 38–67
681:
675:
673:
665:
659:
658:
636:
630:
629:
609:
603:
602:
593:
587:
586:
570:
560:
554:
548:
457:Soviet republics
446:Persian Gulf War
385:, and others in
317:satellite states
273:Republican Party
198:satellite states
166:John Mearsheimer
6061:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6001:
5944:
5938:
5904:Lodge Corollary
5897:Other doctrines
5892:
5814:
5803:
5784:
5716:
5694:
5605:Duchy of Nassau
5504:
5473:
5437:
5428:Solomon Islands
5406:
5374:
5318:
5289:North Macedonia
5252:Northern Cyprus
5215:
5137:
5058:
4950:
4884:
4826:
4773:
4726:
4655:
4632:
4581:
4494:
4403:
4367:
4319:
4211:
4144:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4088:
4083:
4060:
4051:Second Cold War
4009:
3937:
3931:
3907:Odd Arne Westad
3897:Patrick Vaughan
3882:Athan Theoharis
3862:Ellen Schrecker
3847:Yakov M. Rabkin
3822:Timothy Naftali
3767:Tvrtko Jakovina
3752:Jussi Hanhimäki
3635:
3613:
3603:
3581:Paix et Liberté
3556:
3500:Active measures
3481:
3411:
3392:White supremacy
3352:Totalitarianism
3280:
3205:
3128:
3114:Reagan Doctrine
3109:Carter Doctrine
3049:Truman Doctrine
3037:
2984:
2916:
2811:Soviet reaction
2722:Ndogboyosoi War
2629:
2600:Saur Revolution
2427:1973 oil crisis
2392:Munich massacre
2300:Alcora Exercise
2295:Black September
2273:
2019:Sino-Indian War
1913:Simba rebellion
1896:
1740:Capture of the
1648:
1587:Berlin Blockade
1520:May 1947 crises
1510:Truman Doctrine
1475:Greek Civil War
1464:Blacklist Forty
1431:Gouzenko Affair
1418:Cursed soldiers
1370:Morgenthau Plan
1358:
1296:
1291:
1250:
1248:Primary sources
1169:
1168:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1138:Further reading
1135:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1036:
1032:
1021:
1017:
1010:
994:
990:
983:
961:
957:
945:
941:
934:
918:
914:
903:
899:
888:
884:
877:
861:
857:
849:
845:
838:
822:
818:
806:
802:
787:10.2307/1900879
771:
767:
755:
751:
717:
710:
698:
694:
682:
678:
666:
662:
655:
637:
633:
626:
610:
606:
595:
594:
590:
583:
561:
557:
549:
545:
540:
480:
472:Main articles:
470:
465:
426:
399:Reagan Doctrine
359:
353:
261:
241:
229:Greek Civil War
186:
174:
142:
87:Grenada in 1983
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6059:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
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5994:
5989:
5984:
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5959:
5954:
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5946:
5940:
5939:
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5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
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5835:
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5825:
5819:
5817:
5805:
5804:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5760:United Nations
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:European Union
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5650:Ryukyu Kingdom
5647:
5645:Russian Empire
5642:
5637:
5635:Duchy of Parma
5632:
5627:
5625:Ottoman Empire
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5555:Czechoslovakia
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
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5492:
5487:
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5475:
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5472:
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5234:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5209:Cayman Islands
5206:
5201:
5194:United Kingdom
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5098:
5093:
5091:Czech Republic
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
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4651:
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4605:
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4595:
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4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4145:
4132:
4131:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:Timothy Snyder
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3807:Vojtech Mastny
3804:
3802:Geir Lundestad
3799:
3794:
3792:Walter Laqueur
3789:
3787:Walter LaFeber
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:André Fontaine
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Gar Alperovitz
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Third-Worldism
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Libertarianism
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3156:
3154:Chicago school
3151:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:Nixon Doctrine
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3042:Foreign policy
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2827:Operation RYAN
2824:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Able Archer 83
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Oromo conflict
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2422:Yom Kippur War
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Aden Emergency
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Papua conflict
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1875:Kitchen Debate
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Sputnik crisis
1832:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1805:Polish October
1802:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Pact of Madrid
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Bamboo Curtain
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:Grose, Peter.
1201:
1194:
1187:
1177:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1107:
1082:
1057:
1050:
1030:
1015:
1008:
988:
981:
955:
939:
932:
912:
897:
882:
875:
855:
843:
836:
816:
800:
765:
749:
708:
692:
676:
660:
653:
647:. p. 24.
631:
624:
604:
588:
581:
555:
542:
541:
539:
536:
524:Saddam Hussein
504:
503:
490:to remove the
482:Following the
469:
468:George W. Bush
466:
464:
461:
450:Saddam Hussein
442:Ba'athist Iraq
425:
422:
418:disintegration
365:, urged on by
355:Main article:
352:
349:
301:Operation Ajax
260:
257:
249:United Nations
240:
237:
185:
182:
173:
170:
141:
138:
130:Saddam Hussein
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6058:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6021:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5967:Domino theory
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5791:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5750:Latin America
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:German Empire
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:Former states
5511:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Liechtenstein
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4450:Guinea-Bissau
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Côte d'Ivoire
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:War on terror
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:Espionage and
3934:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Andrew Thorpe
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
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3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
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3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Gabriel Kolko
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Fred Halliday
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:Lloyd Gardner
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Norman Davies
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:John Costello
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:Technological
3610:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3573:
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3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:Pro-communist
3491:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
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3448:
3445:
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3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:Organizations
3418:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
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3333:
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3328:
3325:
3323:
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3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
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3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:Eurocommunism
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
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3177:
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3138:
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3131:
3125:
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3120:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
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3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Domino theory
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:South Ossetia
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
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2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
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2818:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:8888 Uprising
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Iran–Iraq War
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Falklands War
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
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2649:
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2639:
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2623:
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2618:
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2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:NDF Rebellion
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:German Autumn
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2525:
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2513:
2510:
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2500:
2498:
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2483:
2480:
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2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Metapolitefsi
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
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2250:
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2240:
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2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2203:Prague Spring
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Al-Wadiah War
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:12-3 incident
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
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2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
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2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
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1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:Domino theory
1723:
1721:
1720:Petrov Affair
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
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1623:
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1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Madiun Affair
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1557:Marshall Plan
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
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1528:
1526:
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1330:
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1317:
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1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:United States
1303:
1302:
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1295:
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1283:
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1276:
1274:
1269:
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1257:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:online review
1206:
1202:
1199:
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1111:
1097:
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1068:
1061:
1053:
1051:9780786419340
1047:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1009:9780203880210
1005:
1001:
1000:
992:
984:
982:9780684806594
978:
974:
969:
968:
959:
953:
949:
943:
935:
933:9780520082601
929:
925:
924:
916:
908:
901:
893:
886:
878:
876:9780195140484
872:
868:
867:
859:
853:, p. 98.
852:
847:
839:
837:9781457608483
833:
829:
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811:
804:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
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769:
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753:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:(3): 67–110,
730:
726:
722:
715:
713:
704:, p. 155
703:
696:
687:
680:
671:
664:
656:
654:9780197757512
650:
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642:
635:
627:
625:9780755117154
621:
617:
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592:
584:
582:9780801886423
578:
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569:
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559:
552:
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535:
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529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
501:
500:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
479:
475:
463:War on Terror
460:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
351:Ronald Reagan
348:
346:
341:
340:Richard Nixon
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
253:38th parallel
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Baltic states
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:James Burnham
181:
179:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
137:
135:
134:regime change
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:(against the
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:United States
88:
84:
80:
79:Korea in 1950
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
40:
35:
29:
22:
5991:
5957:China policy
5943:Policies and
5813:Presidential
5713:Multilateral
5665:Soviet Union
5630:Papal States
5560:East Germany
5485:Cook Islands
5106:Transnistria
5034:Saudi Arabia
4764:Turkmenistan
4485:Sierra Leone
4420:Burkina Faso
4399:South Africa
4046:Brinkmanship
3938:intelligence
3827:Marius Oprea
3777:Harvey Klehr
3707:Herbert Feis
3697:Willem Drees
3662:Archie Brown
3579:
3567:
3549:
3539:Trybuna Ludu
3537:
3530:
3526:Radio Moscow
3518:
3511:
3504:
3332:Anti-Zionism
3248:
3171:Keynesianism
3159:Conservatism
3118:
3023:Transnistria
3003:China-Taiwan
2660:Gera Demands
2533:
2334:
2209:
2014:El Porteñazo
1908:Congo Crisis
1823:
1758:Algerian War
1741:
1617:Western Bloc
1612:Eastern Bloc
1607:Iron Curtain
1463:
1455:
1447:
1424:
1404:
1396:
1313:Soviet Union
1311:
1304:
1255:
1238:
1229:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1180:
1173:
1148:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1085:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1060:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1018:
998:
991:
966:
958:
947:
942:
922:
915:
906:
900:
891:
885:
865:
858:
846:
826:
819:
809:
803:
778:
774:
768:
758:
752:
728:
724:
701:
695:
685:
679:
669:
663:
640:
634:
614:
607:
597:
591:
566:
558:
546:
528:axis of evil
521:
509:Donald Trump
505:
481:
454:
444:. While the
438:Saudi Arabia
427:
403:
360:
325:
321:Eastern Bloc
299:, conducted
289:
262:
242:
239:Harry Truman
202:
187:
178:World War II
175:
172:World War II
145:
143:
110:World War II
107:
83:Cuba in 1961
50:
44:
5972:Foreign aid
5962:Containment
5914:Kirkpatrick
5798:Doctrines,
5755:Middle East
5730:Arab League
5402:New Zealand
5390:Australasia
5370:Switzerland
5365:Netherlands
4931:Philippines
4838:Afghanistan
4817:South Korea
4812:North Korea
4603:El Salvador
4295:South Sudan
3872:Shen Zhihua
3682:Michael Cox
3614:competition
3561:Pro-Western
3551:Soviet Life
3477:Safari Club
3447:Warsaw Pact
3302:Nationalism
3292:Imperialism
3191:Reaganomics
3054:Containment
2847:Perestroika
2336:Realpolitik
2166:Six-Day War
2151:Greek junta
1962:Berlin Wall
1810:Suez Crisis
1778:Vietnam War
1665:McCarthyism
1480:Baruch Plan
1425:Unthinkable
1385:Dekemvriana
1324:Warsaw Pact
851:Stöver 2004
551:Stöver 2004
478:War in Iraq
410:Third World
375:Afghanistan
336:Suez Crisis
332:Soviet Army
213:Soviet Bloc
154:John Buchan
140:Terminology
114:Afghanistan
103:Soviet Army
73:during the
59:containment
6020:Categories
5919:Weinberger
5848:Eisenhower
5802:, concepts
5690:Yugoslavia
5459:Micronesia
5442:Micronesia
5355:Luxembourg
5299:San Marino
5284:Montenegro
4967:Azerbaijan
4906:East Timor
4843:Bangladesh
4769:Uzbekistan
4759:Tajikistan
4754:Kyrgyzstan
4749:Kazakhstan
4598:Costa Rica
4465:Mauritania
4435:The Gambia
4425:Cape Verde
4288:Somaliland
4278:Seychelles
4268:Mozambique
4253:Madagascar
3640:Historians
3631:Space Race
3532:Rudé právo
3486:Propaganda
3342:Neo-Nazism
3312:Chauvinism
3266:Trotskyism
3181:Monetarism
3149:Liberalism
3141:Capitalism
3133:Ideologies
3084:Ostpolitik
2807:Solidarity
2772:Toyota War
2675:Solidarity
2532:Operation
2487:Ogaden War
2176:Dhofar War
2064:Shifta War
1822:Operation
1670:Korean War
1462:Operation
1454:Operation
1446:Operation
1423:Operation
1403:Operation
1395:Operation
1126:2017-12-21
1101:2017-12-21
1076:2017-12-21
538:References
511:and later
428:After the
371:Mujahideen
263:After the
245:Korean War
233:Kim Philby
209:insurgents
194:Korean War
5934:Wolfowitz
5815:doctrines
5740:East Asia
5715:relations
5478:Polynesia
5411:Melanesia
5397:Australia
5179:Lithuania
5024:Palestine
4936:Singapore
4911:Indonesia
4889:Southeast
4880:Sri Lanka
4790:Hong Kong
4722:Venezuela
4667:Argentina
4623:Nicaragua
4608:Guatemala
4567:St. Lucia
4510:Caribbean
4263:Mauritius
4143:relations
4141:Bilateral
3927:Ken Young
3772:Tony Judt
3621:Arms race
3594:Red Scare
3462:NN States
3407:Apartheid
3362:Autocracy
3271:Stalinism
3239:Guevarism
3229:Castroism
3219:Communism
3211:Socialism
2737:Star Wars
2330:Koza riot
1456:Beleaguer
1448:Masterdom
513:Joe Biden
383:Nicaragua
285:NSC 162/2
162:Cherokees
144:The term
128:(against
5992:Rollback
5952:Blowback
5945:concepts
5929:Rumsfeld
5800:policies
5449:Kiribati
5309:Slovenia
5294:Portugal
5264:Holy See
5220:Southern
5142:Northern
5128:Slovakia
5086:Bulgaria
4997:military
4941:Thailand
4921:Malaysia
4901:Cambodia
4873:military
4868:Pakistan
4858:Maldives
4807:Mongolia
4712:Suriname
4702:Paraguay
4687:Colombia
4637:Northern
4613:Honduras
4537:Dominica
4527:Barbados
4503:Americas
4384:Eswatini
4379:Botswana
4372:Southern
4315:Zimbabwe
4300:Tanzania
4243:Ethiopia
4233:Djibouti
4172:Cameroon
4079:Timeline
4069:Category
4014:See also
3506:Izvestia
3347:Islamism
3244:Hoxhaism
3119:Rollback
2998:Abkhazia
2938:Gulf War
2842:Glasnost
2212:incident
1982:Sand War
1840:Ifni War
1349:Rio Pact
1294:Cold War
1149:Rollback
952:in JSTOR
745:57560214
496:al-Qaeda
406:blowback
391:Cambodia
184:Cold War
146:rollback
97:and the
75:Cold War
51:rollback
41:in 1983.
5909:Stimson
5878:Clinton
5858:Johnson
5853:Kennedy
5640:Prussia
5520:Artsakh
5433:Vanuatu
5383:Oceania
5345:Germany
5335:Belgium
5330:Austria
5323:Western
5242:Croatia
5232:Andorra
5227:Albania
5204:Bermuda
5169:Ireland
5164:Iceland
5159:Finland
5154:Estonia
5149:Denmark
5133:Ukraine
5118:Romania
5101:Moldova
5096:Hungary
5081:Belarus
5074:Eastern
5014:Lebanon
4977:Georgia
4972:Bahrain
4962:Armenia
4955:Western
4946:Vietnam
4926:Myanmar
4742:Central
4717:Uruguay
4692:Ecuador
4672:Bolivia
4586:Central
4557:Jamaica
4547:Grenada
4522:Bahamas
4480:Senegal
4475:Nigeria
4455:Liberia
4394:Namibia
4389:Lesotho
4363:Tunisia
4346:Morocco
4331:Algeria
4283:Somalia
4238:Eritrea
4228:Comoros
4223:Burundi
4160:Central
3569:Amerika
3452:Comecon
3337:Fascism
3327:Zionism
3276:Titoism
2817:Contras
2285:Détente
1562:Comecon
1207:(2000)
1193:(1998).
795:1900879
492:Taliban
379:Contras
319:in the
243:In the
225:Albania
221:Ukraine
124:), and
118:Taliban
81:and in
69:toward
63:détente
5924:Powell
5873:Reagan
5868:Carter
5843:Truman
5828:Monroe
5725:Africa
5500:Tuvalu
5360:Monaco
5340:France
5304:Serbia
5274:Kosovo
5259:Greece
5247:Cyprus
5189:Sweden
5184:Norway
5174:Latvia
5123:Russia
5113:Poland
5067:Europe
5044:Turkey
5009:Kuwait
5004:Jordan
4992:Israel
4896:Brunei
4848:Bhutan
4822:Taiwan
4697:Guyana
4677:Brazil
4644:Canada
4628:Panama
4618:Mexico
4593:Belize
4445:Guinea
4310:Zambia
4305:Uganda
4273:Rwanda
4258:Malawi
4167:Angola
4153:Africa
3520:Pravda
3322:Racism
3261:Maoism
3013:Kosovo
2534:Condor
2210:Pueblo
2196:May 68
1824:Gladio
1742:Tuapse
1405:Jungle
1397:Priboi
1185:online
1146:about
1048:
1006:
979:
930:
873:
834:
793:
743:
651:
622:
579:
434:Kuwait
387:Angola
377:, the
334:. The
150:Poland
89:. The
5888:Obama
5863:Nixon
5495:Tonga
5490:Samoa
5469:Palau
5464:Nauru
5314:Spain
5279:Malta
5269:Italy
5054:Yemen
5039:Syria
5029:Qatar
4863:Nepal
4853:India
4831:South
4802:Japan
4795:Macau
4785:China
4682:Chile
4660:South
4649:trade
4552:Haiti
4470:Niger
4440:Ghana
4415:Benin
4358:Sudan
4341:Libya
4336:Egypt
4324:North
4248:Kenya
4202:Gabon
4005:Stasi
3472:SAARC
3467:ASEAN
3432:SEATO
3285:Other
3250:Juche
3008:Korea
2921:1990s
2634:1980s
2278:1970s
1901:1960s
1653:1950s
1363:1940s
1344:NEATO
1339:SEATO
1329:ANZUS
791:JSTOR
741:S2CID
440:from
5883:Bush
5765:C5+1
5735:Asia
5418:Fiji
5019:Oman
4987:Iraq
4982:Iran
4916:Laos
4778:East
4735:Asia
4707:Peru
4532:Cuba
4490:Togo
4460:Mali
4408:West
4216:East
4182:Chad
3545:TASS
3437:METO
3427:NATO
2653:and
2651:1980
2208:USS
1334:METO
1319:NATO
1046:ISBN
1004:ISBN
977:ISBN
928:ISBN
871:ISBN
832:ISBN
649:ISBN
620:ISBN
577:ISBN
476:and
436:and
389:and
219:and
126:Iraq
4000:KGB
3995:MVD
3980:MI6
3975:MI5
3970:CIA
3442:EEC
973:273
783:doi
733:doi
573:109
420:."
381:in
373:in
347:."
297:SIS
292:CIA
136:".
45:In
39:PRA
6022::
1119:.
1094:.
1069:.
975:.
789:,
779:66
777:,
739:,
727:,
723:,
711:^
643:.
575:.
519:.
401:.
323:.
255:.
49:,
4113:e
4106:t
4099:v
2813:)
2809:(
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1791:"
1787:"
1286:e
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1272:v
1259:.
1243:.
1233:.
1129:.
1104:.
1079:.
1054:.
1028:.
1012:.
985:.
936:.
910:.
895:.
879:.
840:.
814:.
798:.
785::
763:.
735::
729:1
706:.
690:.
674:.
657:.
628:.
585:.
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23:.
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