Roller derby - Knowledge

502: 1130: 569:: The lead jammer can "call off" or end the jam at any time, controlling the opposition's ability to score points. The strategy for a jam is not to score a lot of points but to outscore the opposition. Often, the lead jammer scores as many points as possible on the first scoring trip, and then ends the jam before the opposing jammer has the opportunity to score any points. If the jammer gets the lead but is then passed by the opposing jammer, they may decide to call off the jam without scoring any points themselves in order to prevent the other team's jammer from scoring any points. 575:: The jammer for a team may "pass the star" (may perform a "star pass") to the pivot—that is, hand the helmet cover with the star to the pivot, which turns the pivot into the jammer. Passing the star does not nullify any earned pass of an opponent that the former jammer made, but passing the star forward never constitutes an earned pass. A jammer might pass the star because of fatigue, injury, or because the pivot is in a better position to score. Passing the star is also sometimes referred to as "passing the panty", as helmet covers are sometimes known as "panties". 453: 316: 595:: Two or more blockers skate together to make it difficult for the opposing team (especially its jammer) to maneuver. They may skate side by side and use a "wide stance" to maximize the blockade, but must not link with or grasp each other, or otherwise form an impenetrable connection. The ability to suddenly form a wall denies the opposition time to respond. A wall can inhibit, slow down, and ultimately trap the opposing jammer. An effective wall may last for an entire jam. Variations on the tactic include the following: 1020: 465:

be transferred to other skaters, but certain actions (such as being sent to the penalty box) cancel lead jammer status, meaning that the jam has no lead jammer and must continue for the full two-minute period. If the jam is not called off by the lead jammer, it ends after two minutes. If time remains in the period, teams then have 30 seconds to get on the track and line up for the next jam. If the 30-minute period ends while a jam is underway, the jam plays out to its natural conclusion.

1012: 1361: 611: 34: 999: 433: 1493:. In Europe, roller derby was recognized as a sport in Paris in 2010 by the Federation Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS), which reports directly to the International Olympic Committee. As of 2017, FIRS has been accepted as the international rule set by the International Olympic Committee. Teams competed under the FIRS rules at the 2017 Nanjing Games. The former Canadian Women's Roller Derby Association worked with the American federation. 900: 1582: 1568: 1382:. However, some skaters say the sport is reasonably safe if skaters take precautions. The rules require appropriate medical professionals on-site at every bout, even if not required by laws or arena regulations. The WFTDA offers insurance for leagues in the United States with legal liability and accident coverage, but it recommends that skaters also carry their own primary medical insurance. 1452:(MRDA). Within the United States, the Junior Roller Derby Association governs play by those under 18. It modifies the WFTDA rules for minors at three skill levels, with the lowest level allowing no intentional contact between skaters, and the highest allowing full contact; additional rules are also changed according to the needs of youth skaters. Some U.S. leagues decline affiliation with a 421:

pass; notably, the jammer must be in-bounds and upright. The jammer's first earned pass scores a point for passing that blocker and a point for each opponent blocker not on the track (for instance, serving a penalty, or when the opposition did not field five players for the jam). If the jammer passes the entire pack, it is a four-point scoring trip, commonly called a "grand slam".

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Violators (led by Skull) for cheating in the Commissioner's Cup. The other teams included the Maniacs (led by Guru Drew), Bad Attitude (led by Ms. Georgia Hase), the Rockers (led by DJ Terringo and consisting of skaters who were also professional rock and roll musicians), and Hot Flash (led by Juan Valdez Lopez). It ran one season, because some of its syndicators went bankrupt.

690:: By separating up to 10 feet, blockers can stretch both the pack and the engagement zone, allowing teammates to keep hindering the opposition jammer. For example, in the strategy of running back (see above), coordinated action by the four skaters other than the jammer could force the opponent jammer to detour a full 40 feet before returning to action. 264:, where theatrical elements overshadowed athleticism. Gratuitous showmanship largely ended with the sport's grassroots revival in the first decade of the 21st century. Although roller derby retains some sports entertainment qualities such as player pseudonyms and colorful uniforms, it has abandoned scripted bouts with predetermined winners. 474: 1505:. In 2008, it adopted the "Big 5" format: four regional playoffs and a final championship tournament. As of 2019, the WFTDA postseason includes two playoffs that feed into the Championship tournament, plus three standalone, regionally-based Continental Cups. The WFTDA also recognizes eligible tournaments hosted by member leagues. 1551:

Author Carly Giesler said that skaters enact sexualities that create or reclaim an identity, and their role parodies "hegemonic scripts of sexuality" through the use of costumes, derby names and personas. Roller derby acts as a unique stage for female athletes, letting them rebut constraints society

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The manager is the head of the affairs within the penalty box. The manager can call penalties for penalty box violations or illegal procedures (such as removing the helmet in the penalty box). Also, the manager points where the player is assigned to sit, times the jammers, and executes any necessary

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Offense and defense are played simultaneously, a volatile aspect that complicates strategy and tactics. For example, one team's blockers may take offensive action to create a gap in the opposing wall for their jammer to pass through, but this same maneuver could potentially weaken their own defenses

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The first jammer to break through the pack earns the status of "lead jammer". A designated referee blows the whistle twice and continually points at the jammer to confer lead jammer status, which lets that jammer stop the jam at any time by repeatedly placing hands on hips. Lead jammer status cannot

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in the United States led to the formation of organized multi-day endurance races for cash prizes as early as the mid-1880s. Speed and endurance races continued to be held on both flat and banked tracks in the century's first three decades and spectators enjoyed the spills and falls of the skaters.

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A skater may block an opponent to impede their movement or to force them out of bounds. The blocker must be upright, skating counterclockwise, in bounds, and within the engagement zone. Groups of blockers on the same team typically create formations, known as walls, to prevent the opposing blocker

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The pack is the largest single group of blockers containing members of both teams skating in proximity, arranged such that each player is within 10 feet of the next. Blockers must maintain the pack, but can skate freely within 20 feet behind and ahead of it, an area known as the "engagement zone".

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Roller derby is played in two periods of 30 minutes. Two teams of up to 15 players each field up to five members for episodes called "jams". Jams last two minutes unless called off prematurely. Each team designates a scoring player (the "jammer"); the other four members are "blockers". One blocker

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persuaded Seltzer to change the Roller Derby rules to increase skater contact. By 1939, after experimenting with different team and scoring arrangements, Seltzer's created a touring company of four pairs of teams (always billed as the local "home" team versus either New York or Chicago), with two

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for players. (USARS requires quad skates for all skaters. WFTDA and MRDA permit inline skates for referees, but virtually all referees wear quad skates.) Individual teams may mandate additional gear, such as padded knee length pants, similar to what aggressive skateboarders wear, and sex-specific

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During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. Points are scored only by a team's jammer. After breaking through the pack and skating one lap to begin another "trip" through the pack, the jammer scores one point for passing any opposing blocker. The rules describe an "earned"

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in the early 2000s as an all-female, woman-organized amateur sport. By August 2006, there were over 135 similar leagues. Leagues outside the U.S. also began forming in 2006, and international competition soon followed. There are over 2,000 amateur leagues worldwide in countries including Canada,

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an even more theatrical variant of roller derby for national audiences. It used a figure-8 track and rules adapted for this track. Bill Griffiths, Sr. served as commissioner while his son, Bill Griffiths, Jr., managed the L.A. T-Birds, who (according to the storyline) were seeking revenge on the

1658:"Roland Cloni of Akron, world's champion roller skater, who yesterday tried out the track in the Broadway armory, where the national roller skating derby will be held this week, asserted new world's records can be established for flat tracks. The derby will open tomorrow and run until Saturday." 1477:

USA Roller Sports (USARS) is recognized by the International Roller Sports Federation (FIRS) and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) as the National Governing Body of competitive roller sports in the United States, including speed, figure, hockey, roller derby and slalom. WFTDA and USARS

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It would be pointless to play if neither team could score; thus, both jammers cannot serve a penalty at the same time. If one jammer is sent to the penalty box while the opposing jammer is already serving a penalty, the opposing jammer is released from the penalty box early. The second jammer's

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Skating on the inside of the track, a jammer referee watches the jammer of a designated team, awards points scored by their jammer, signals whether their jammer has achieved lead jammer status, and signals the end of the jam if their jammer is lead and calls off the jam. Jammer referees wear a

1471:) as the only governing body able to sanction international roller derby competitions within the Olympic Movement. Disputes between World Skate and WFTDA has meant that only 4 teams were present in the first Roller Derby World Championships organized by World Skate in 2017, as part of the 1105:

featured roller derby and introduced a wider audience to the sport. The WFTDA encouraged leagues to coordinate with promotions during the film's release to increase awareness of the leagues. Furthermore, corporate advertising has used roller derby themes in television commercials for

1548:, Arafat says, there are expectations that a woman will not show visible scars, will have an unblemished body for her husband, and will refrain from activities that may damage her body. She says roller derby in Egypt is subversive, as it acts as an indirect political statement. 448:

Play begins by blockers lining up on the track anywhere between the "jammer line" and the "pivot line" 30 feet in front. The jammers start behind the jammer line. Jams begin on a single short whistle blast, upon which both jammers and blockers may begin engaging immediately.

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Up to four referees skate on the inside of the track. In flat-track derby, up to three additional referees skate on the outside of the track. They call penalties, award points, and ensure safe game play. Referees must wear skates and typically wear white and black stripes.

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A blocker who may be converted to a jammer during the course of a jam, if the jammer's helmet cover is correctly transferred in a "star pass" maneuver. The pivot is often an experienced player who establishes team strategy during play and sets the pace of the pack.

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NSOs take up a range of positions inside and outside the track, start and time the jams, record and display scores and penalties communicated by referees, record the number of each skater on track for a given jam, and time and record skaters in the penalty box.

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The head referee is responsible for the general supervision of the bout and has final authority on all rulings. The head referee skates as an inside pack referee, but is also responsible for issuing expulsions and for announcing the results of official reviews.

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The website FlatTrackStats compiles ratings of WFTDA teams, adjusting them after every bout based on how the actual score compares to the predicted score. The WFTDA's own Stats Repository has comparable information and often is updated at halftime of a bout.

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are credited with evolving the sport to its competitive form. Professional roller derby quickly became popular; in 1940, more than 5 million spectators watched in about 50 American cities. In the ensuing decades, however, it predominantly became a form of

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Copying of derby names has attracted legal and sociological analysis as an example of indigenous development of property rights. New players are encouraged to check derby names against an international roster to ensure they are not already in use.

1448:(WFTDA), with 397 full member leagues and 48 apprentice leagues. WFTDA membership is a major goal of aspiring leagues. Other associations support either mixed-gender or men-only derby; the largest organization supporting male roller derby is the 673:

In the "goat-herding" tactic, one team surrounds a blocker of the opposing team and then slows so that that group becomes the pack. The rest of the opposing team, skating ahead, are thus put out of play and cannot legally block the goat-herders'

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for 30 seconds of jam time. If the jam ends during this interval, the player remains in the penalty box during the subsequent jam until the interval ends. While the penalty is being served, the penalized player's team plays short-handed, as in

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is prominent. Members of fledgling leagues often practice and strategize together, regardless of team affiliation, between bouts. Most compete on flat tracks, though several leagues skate on banked tracks, with more in the planning stages.

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Players skate on four-wheeled ("quad") roller skates, and are required to wear protective equipment, including a helmet, wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads, and mouth guards. All current sets of roller derby rules explicitly forbid

965:"commissioner", hoped to use television to expand the live spectator base. He adapted the sport for television by developing scripted story lines and rules designed to improve television appeal, but derby's popularity had declined. 477: 931:

created the Transcontinental Roller Derby, a month-long simulation of a road race between two-person teams of professional skaters. The spectacle became a popular touring exhibition. In the late 1930s, sportswriter

581:: Captained by the pivot, blockers adapt their play to a penalty situation. For example, a short-handed team may try to make the pack skate faster to slow down scoring action until the team returns to full strength. 417:

can be designated as a "pivot"—a blocker who is allowed to become a jammer in the course of play. The next jam may involve different players of the 15 roster players, and different selections for jammer and pivot.

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Before 2013, there were "major" and "minor" penalties, the former included any player's fourth penalty, and it was strategic for a key player to deliberately commit such a penalty when it would have least

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Lonestar Rollergirls in Austin, Texas, play on a banked track (2011). The jammer (wearing the starred helmet cover) is trying to pass a pivot (wearing a striped cover) with various blockers assisting.

2684:"Roller marathon thrills and jars: 100 boys meet with adventures and tumbles in West Side Boulevard race. Dodge cars and autos. But records are smashed by contestants in red tights, overalls, etc". 1676:"Roller derby has entertained the masses in one form or another since the 1930s, when brothers Leo and Oscar Seltzer conceptualized the idea of a skating contest on a Chicago restaurant tablecloth." 957:(NRDL), comprising six teams. NRDL season playoffs sold out Madison Square Garden for a week. During the late 1950s and 1960s, the sport was broadcast on several networks, but attendance declined. 4618: 4935: 529:", refers to a scenario when one team's jammer is sent to the penalty box. In this case, that jammer's team cannot score. If the lead jammer is penalized, no one can prematurely end the jam. 4442: 4472: 1067:

Many roller derby leagues are amateur, self-organized and all-female and were formed in a do-it-yourself spirit by relatively new enthusiasts. In many leagues (especially in the U.S.), a

307:(WFTDA) had 451 full member leagues and 46 apprentice leagues and the Roller Derby Coalition of Leagues (RDCL) supporting women's banked track roller derby had eight full member leagues. 1085:

Each league typically features local teams in public bouts that are popular with a diverse fan base. Some venues host audiences ranging up to 7,000. Successful local leagues have formed

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WFTDA bouts are officiated by three to seven skating referees and many non-skating officials (NSOs). Volunteer leagues adapt when fewer than the optimal number of officials are present.

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Although the early 2000s revival of roller derby was initially all-female, some leagues later introduced all-male teams and all-gender games; as of May 2013 there were over 140

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which used the classic rules and banked oval track, but allowed inline skates (although some skaters wore traditional quad skates). Jerry Seltzer was commissioner for this version.

3415: 3792: 2010: 476: 1401:'s Derby Cats describe themselves as the first-ever official college flat-track roller derby team. The first intercollegiate derby bout took place on March 3, 2018, when the 1133:

Santa Cruz Derby Girls v Pacific Roller Derby at the 2011 Dust Devil tournament. Players wear a uniform shirt with leggings. Some wear short shorts and knee/thigh high socks.

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Standard (WFTDA/MRDA/USARS flat track roller derby) track. The MADE track differs in that the straightaways do not taper but are uniform in width along their full length.

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Pack referees are responsible for watching the skaters in the pack, assessing pack definition, and calling penalties. They are located both inside and outside the track.

4841: 3927: 1954: 1472: 1048:, Thailand, and China. In many international leagues, gear and equipment must be imported. Roller derby's contemporary resurgence has been regarded as an aspect of 4881:

Gieseler, Carly. "Derby Drag: Parodying Sexualities in the Sport of Roller Derby". Sexualities, vol. 17, no. 5-6, 2014, pp. 758–776., doi:10.1177/1363460714531268.

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skaters (in purple) form a wall, limiting their opponents' movement, while their jammer (leftmost skater in purple) takes a hip whip to accelerate past the pack

227:. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously 3260: 2669:"On rollers for six days: beginning the race at the Madison-Square Garden. Thirty-six entries, including Frank Hart and several champions—cheering the start". 1519:

Since 2012, USARS has held an annual Roller Derby National Championship. In 2017, FIRS and the USOC recognized USARS to participate in the 2017 Nanjing games.

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Whether a team should skate under real names or derby names is sometimes debated. Some derby names are obscene, a subject of some internal controversy.

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as the official international governing body of roller sports, released its first set of Roller Derby Rules for the World Roller Games, organised by

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Each team's blockers use body contact, changing positions, and other tactics to help their jammer score while hindering the opposing team's jammer.

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are required to play by WFTDA rules, while members of the former Canadian Women's Roller Derby Association were encouraged to join the WFTDA.

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from passing. Blocking with hands, elbows, head, and feet is prohibited, as is contact above the shoulders, below mid-thigh, or to the back.

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online, and there are archived videos of past bouts and tournaments. The WFTDA offers live streaming video of its tournaments at wftda.tv.

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Roller derby is a contact sport, and injuries can occur. Superficial injuries include bruising. However, torn ligaments, broken bones, and

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A Roller Derby league is synonymous with an individual club or team in other team sports, as opposed to the more typical use of the word

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Backwards bracing, in which one skater, forward of the wall, skates backward to sight the jammer and direct teammates forming the wall.

4128: 3467: 2014: 4522: 655:, where one or more teammates grasp the jammer's hand(s) and swing the jammer forward, transferring speed and momentum to the jammer. 604:

If the opposing jammer tries to pass the wall on one side, players may abandon the other side to fortify the active side of the wall.

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A skater may break off from the wall to actively challenge the opposing jammer, with a teammate replacing the skater in the wall.

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Forms the pack, hinders the opposing jammer from passing through the pack, and helps their team's jammer pass through the pack.

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It's like your alter ego," Grianne says, "You don't want to be announced as Grianne Hunter. You want to be something tougher.

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often use derby names as well, often shown on the backs of their striped uniforms. Some players claim their names represent

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comprising the league's best players to compete with comparable teams from other cities and regions. In February 2012, the

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Record each skater's penalties and notify the head referee of skaters in the current jam who are in danger of fouling out.

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Start jams, signal when a jam runs to the full two minutes, time the 30 seconds between jams, and call official timeouts.

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Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, Brazil, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Israel,

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San Francisco Bizarro: A Guide to Notorious Sights, Lusty Pursuits, and Downright Freakiness in the City by the Bay

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said that more than 98% of roller derby competitions were conducted under WFTDA rules. For example, members of the

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Until 2019, the jammer also scored a point by passing the opposing jammer. There were 5 potential points per trip.

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Outside the United States, many roller derby leagues enjoy support from their national skate federations, such as

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wristband (and optionally a helmet cover) in that team's color to identify which team's jammer they are watching.

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magazine covers roller derby and diverse aspects such as business, training, junior roller derby, and nutrition.

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Fagundes, Dave (2011-03-15). "Talk Derby to Me: Intellectual Property Norms Governing Roller Derby Pseudonyms".

562:(high-level plans toward achieving the game's goal, which is to outscore the opposition) include the following: 5398: 5347: 3559: 1940: 927:

The endurance races began to transform into the contemporary form of the sport in the mid-1930s, when promoter

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The names of roller derby events are also as sardonic and convoluted—for example, Night of the Rolling Dead (

2963:"A Forward Roll: Dusted off and spiffed up, the Roller Derby is aiming to regain the hold it once had on TV" 2428: 953:. The broadcasts increased spectator turnout for live matches. For the 1949–1950 season, Seltzer formed the 7028: 6972: 6816: 6709: 5388: 4041: 1812: 1600: 1595: 1364: 1335: 954: 4915: 513:

Referees penalize rules violations. A player receiving a penalty is removed from play and must sit in the

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Modern roller derby is an international sport, mostly played by amateurs. It was under consideration as a

243:, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring. 6473: 6128: 3683: 3075: 1513: 522:. A player "fouls out" of the game on the seventh penalty, and is required to return to the locker room. 4744: 4332:"5C Roller Derby Team Victorious Against ASU in First Ever Intercollegiate Derby Bout on the West Coast" 2776: 1955:"Will roller derby be included in the 2020 Olympics? | Olympics | Sports | National Post" 838:

Ensure skaters sent to the penalty box serve their entire penalties, and notify referees if any do not.

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Using the inside curve of the track to leap out of bounds but land in bounds, passing opposing players.

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A German pivot attempts to knock a Dutch jammer out of bounds (the yellow line) at a 2011 bout held in

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Rasmussen, Cecilia (1999-02-21). "L.A. Then and Now: The Man Who Got Roller Derby Rolling Along".

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the largest group of in-bounds blockers, skating in proximity, containing members from both teams.

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Contemporary roller derby has a basic set of rules, with variations reflecting the interests of a

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Sources disagree on whether it was Leo alone or with his brother, the skate maker Oscar Seltzer.

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places on women and female athletes. Giesler said that female sports objectifies them for the

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considered roller derby, amongst eight other sports, for inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games.

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Two women's league roller derby skaters leap over two who have fallen in a March 1950 bout in

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This season, 13 of the team's members are making the switch from derby names to real names.

2589:"Derby Techniques of Interest Part 1: Knocking a jammer out of bounds and forming a bridge" 1490: 635: 629:

Pushing through gaps in the wall or inducing the wall to separate by use of physical force.

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While the sport has its origins in the banked-track roller-skating marathons of the 1930s,

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five-person teams on the track at once, scoring points when its members lapped opponents.

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played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250

8: 6841: 6811: 6755: 6531: 6468: 6086: 5754: 5565: 5543: 5222: 5217: 4644:"Roller Derby is now recognised as a sport in the UK, and UKRDA the National Association" 3712: 2484: 1875: 1523: 1391: 1075: 58: 2320:"A Local Roller Derby Team Shows Its Toughness at a Saturday Bout but Doesn't Get a Win" 638:, where the jammer seems to be skating to one side but quickly shifts to the other side. 6884: 6851: 6806: 6765: 6599: 6463: 6358: 6291: 6184: 5538: 5504: 5408: 5317: 5259: 5197: 5141: 4897:(WFTDA), with illustrations and case rulings; links for PDF and single-web-page formats 3933: 1502: 1421: 1402: 1378:

Some leagues prominently display their injuries, to embellish the image of violence or

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Record the role (Jammer, Pivot, or Blocker) of every player on the track in each jam.

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penalty is then only as long as the amount of time the first jammer spent in the box.

219:. Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one 6895: 6889: 6874: 6846: 6780: 6688: 6589: 5900: 5444: 5423: 5359: 5327: 5312: 5303: 5269: 4059: 2938: 2883: 2805: 2755: 2539: 2381: 2226: 2064: 1541: 1453: 3925: 3416:"thoughts on the start of the 12th year of Modern Roller Derby « Jerry Seltzer" 2246: 1424:

offered live streaming video and archived video including events outside the WFTDA.

588:(deliberate conceptual tasks in support of the strategy) may include the following: 315: 240: 6646: 6536: 6453: 6331: 6296: 6153: 5944: 5622: 5332: 5187: 5099: 5084: 2714:"24-hour roller race: Ollie Moore will be teamed with Willie Blackburn at Garden". 1169: 1115: 1111: 232: 228: 4184: 2998: 1556:, but roller derby turns this on its head by disregarding gender roles and norms. 1019: 6879: 6724: 6508: 6478: 6408: 6236: 6044: 5905: 5494: 5459: 5337: 5281: 5237: 5089: 4820: 3563: 1587: 1482: 1417: 1299: 1274: 1269: 1068: 1053: 645: 585: 1303: 6366: 6336: 6241: 6113: 6081: 6076: 6071: 5885: 5744: 5514: 5449: 5383: 5354: 5136: 5094: 5064: 5049: 3734:"New Jersey Roller Derby packs thousands into Convention Hall - Video - NJ.com" 2907: 2565: 1199: 1101: 1086: 911: 506: 198: 4550: 3883: 3866: 3540: 3285: 3123: 1900: 1865: 1235: 7003: 6987: 6266: 5939: 5895: 5868: 5851: 5819: 5679: 5617: 5322: 5227: 5207: 5131: 2511: 1624: 1573: 1459:

Although WFTDA has been the largest worldwide roller-derby organization, the

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Rolling around the end of the obstacle (spinning 360°) to end up ahead of it.

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An Idahoan blocker impedes a Utahn pivot at Spudtown Knockdown IV in 2013 in

201: 183: 137: 108: 3843: 3511:"Electric Skaterland: Austin births a Roller Derby revolution Austin Sports" 6775: 6558: 6518: 6438: 6428: 6251: 6224: 6148: 6054: 6049: 5846: 5826: 5814: 5739: 5580: 5523: 5439: 5212: 5192: 3582: 2958: 1360: 1331: 1295: 1097: 1061: 933: 336: 300: 296: 268: 256: 127: 6657: 6271: 6204: 5643: 4920: 4497: 3648: 2353: 6621: 6403: 6396: 6343: 6034: 6029: 5989: 5929: 5841: 5792: 5749: 5600: 5595: 5570: 5560: 5393: 5264: 1464: 1327: 1179: 1064:, while also highlighting the changing role of women in many societies". 970: 928: 644:

Using teammates to impede the defense from adjusting, such as by setting

514: 437: 284: 252: 236: 167: 153: 4259: 3905: 3556: 3193: 2935:

Five Strides on the Banked Track: The Life and Times of the Roller Derby

2880:

Five Strides on the Banked Track: The life and times of the Roller Derby

1011: 291:. Most modern leagues (and their back-office volunteers) share a strong 33: 6641: 6546: 6541: 6490: 6458: 6448: 6413: 6391: 6281: 6170: 6165: 6143: 6138: 6118: 6019: 5984: 5969: 5934: 5836: 5802: 5724: 5653: 5605: 5585: 5575: 5533: 5489: 5484: 5079: 5028: 4667: 4284: 4210: 3235: 1372: 1283: 1254: 1071: 1057: 950: 519: 157: 798:

Record points scored by jammers, as indicated by the Jammer Referees.

432: 6626: 6611: 6579: 6443: 6376: 6313: 6308: 6199: 6133: 6024: 6014: 5949: 5924: 5831: 5809: 5648: 5590: 5548: 5469: 5274: 5111: 1935: 1836: 1553: 1307: 1287: 1165: 1154: 1118: 1107: 1037: 998: 985: 324: 292: 149: 4769: 3764:"Roller Derby May Be Included in 2020 Olympics: A Female's Reaction" 1526:, has been held biannually in Adelaide, South Australia since 2010. 1282:

Most players in roller leagues skate under pseudonyms, also called "

899: 610: 235:

by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a

6931: 6921: 6584: 6381: 6348: 6286: 6276: 6246: 6209: 6194: 6158: 6123: 6098: 6066: 6061: 5994: 5954: 5863: 5858: 5734: 5689: 5479: 5168: 5158: 5153: 5121: 3391:"Egypt's Cairollers Have Best Name Ever, Are Super Rad Rollergirls" 2085: 1379: 945:

On November 29, 1948, before television viewership was widespread,

559: 328: 208:

leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

145: 85: 4549:. Women's Flat Track Derby Association. 2011-05-12. Archived from 3687: 3099: 2160: 347:'s member leagues. The summary below is based on the rules of the 6926: 6760: 6594: 6574: 6503: 6498: 6371: 6323: 6256: 6214: 6093: 5974: 5761: 5699: 5694: 5610: 5434: 5242: 5148: 5126: 5116: 4037: 3289: 3152: 3127: 1931:"All-Female Roller Derby Elbows Its Way In as a Legitimate Sport" 1904: 1870: 1397:

College roller derby is also expanding in the United States. The

288: 205: 81: 6261: 4490: 4371: 1522:

The largest roller derby tournament in the southern hemisphere,

6785: 6616: 6433: 6418: 6318: 6103: 5890: 5783: 5766: 5729: 5719: 5684: 5474: 5454: 5413: 5378: 5202: 4904: 4695: 4443:"The State of Derby – Part III: Modern Athletic Derby Endeavor" 1394:

programs in the United States, and many more around the world.

1024: 141: 4997: 4572:"FIRS unveils 1st edition of international Roller Derby rules" 4473:"The State of Derby – Part IV: Men's Roller Derby Association" 4307:"Could Roller Derby Be the Brighter Future of College Sports?" 3173: 3100:"Teams - Roller Derby Stats & Rankings - Flat Track Stats" 2616:"Roller Derby Rules: How To Play, Winning, Positions, Scoring" 6423: 6386: 5797: 5232: 5039: 4909: 4748: 3337:"21 sports in Dubai this week - Sport & Outdoor Features" 1545: 1078: 1045: 4372:"fiveonfive » women's flat track roller derby magazine" 3052:"Pushing the Limit: The Dude of Roller Derby and His vision" 5964: 5959: 5915: 5638: 5464: 5254: 4865:

Arafat, Zaina, "POWER JAM: Roller Derby as Political Act",

3362:"Up Close and Personal with the CaiRollers of Cairo, Egypt" 3124:"Paris, les filles et le Roller Derby (Paris Roller Girls)" 2184:. Canadian Women's Roller Derby Association. Archived from 1787: 4894: 4844:. Blood & Thunder Magazine. 2013-06-10. Archived from 4795: 4912:—Statistical aggregation of WFTDA sanctioned roller derby 3926:

Tracy "Justice Feelgood Marshall" Williams (2008-12-08),

2159:. United Kingdom Roller Derby Association. Archived from 1478:

maintain a reciprocity agreement for insurance purposes.

1460: 1291: 1041: 547:

gear such as a hard-case sports bra and protective cups.

3468:"Why Roller Derby is the Toughest Sport on Eight Wheels" 3286:"Roller Derby Singapore | CPDG | Teaser Video" 1253:

Cactus Jack, a persona of retired professional wrestler

4723: 3844:"Shannon and Heather's aha moment commercial - YouTube" 3622:

Roller Derby: Uniting Younger Women, One Bout at a Time

3076:"With Names That Could Kill, Women Rev Up Roller Derby" 2904:"Roller Derby at the National Museum of Roller Skating" 2185: 2080: 2078: 4585: 3536:

The Dames: The Story of the Boston Roller Derby League

2906:. National Roller Skating Museum. 2004. Archived from 2429:"Five Point Grand Slam: By the Position – Pivot/No. 1" 1866:"Common Ground: the alternative sport of roller derby" 1813:"As the World Turns, So Do the Wheels of Roller Derby" 1015:

A Windy City Rollers (Chicago, Illinois) jammer (2008)

344: 2106: 2011:"Three Sports Make Olympic Cut for 2020 Summer Games" 1512:

took place in Toronto, Canada, in December 2011. The

231:

by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing

4770:"2019 WFTDA Postseason Dates and Locations Released" 4722:. Roller Derby Association of Canada. Archived from 4690: 4688: 4364: 2535:

Rollergirl: Totally True Tales from the Track - p 95

2377:

Rollergirl: Totally True Tales from the Track - p 94

2075: 1901:"Roller Derby: The Fastest Growing Sport In America" 1563: 3171: 2508:"Roller Derby Training: Evasive Jamming – Part One" 223:, designated with a star on their helmet, and four 4619:"Ballarat Junior Roller Derby Star Set for Battle" 2677: 4817:"Blood & Thunder Roller Derby World Cup 2011" 4685: 2591:. Thunder Bay Roller Derby League. Archived from 6985: 4610: 4470: 2134:. Derby News Network. 2010-03-05. Archived from 1806: 1804: 1444:The largest governing body for the sport is the 877:Update the scoreboard after every scoring pass. 4595:. USA Roller Sports. 2009-06-24. Archived from 3261:"New roller derby sport kicks off in Singapore" 2842: 2647: 2613: 1516:took place in Dallas, Texas, in December 2014. 894: 767: 556:and allow the opposing team's jammer to score. 118:15 on roster, up to 5 on track during each jam. 4819:. Blood & Thunder Magazine. Archived from 4762: 3443: 3092: 2300:. Silicon Valley Roller Girls. 5 February 2009 1790:. Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) 1433: 632:Evading the obstacle to one side or the other. 6673: 5013: 4936: 4660: 4520: 4418:"The State of Derby – Part II: OSDA and JRDA" 4058:. Treasure Valley Rollergirls. Archived from 2745: 2743: 2552: 2317: 2266: 2264: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 1985:"Roller Sports's pitch for the 2020 Olympics" 1801: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1635: 1633: 922: 295:that combines athleticism with the styles of 4842:"Dallas to Host 2014 Roller Derby World Cup" 3899: 3897: 2813: 2798: 2796: 1863: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 993: 387:Scores points by lapping opposing blockers. 6958:History of female professional bodybuilding 6687: 4950: 4475:. Roller Derby Inside Track. Archived from 3958:"Seattle Derby Brats – No Flash in the Pan" 3950: 3903: 3447:Top stories in 90 seconds | DW | 05.01.2022 3089:(New York print edition: 2008-11-09 p. NJ6) 2727: 2725: 2692: 2132:"DNN Releases First Power Rankings of 2010" 2058: 2056: 6680: 6666: 5020: 5006: 4943: 4929: 4616: 3986:"Denver Roller Dolls—Teams—Mile High Club" 3906:"International Rollergirls' Master Roster" 3642: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2740: 2505: 2261: 2216: 2199: 2107:"RDCL - Roller Derby Coalition of Leagues" 1864:Clark, Brian J.; Spencer, L. Todd (2012). 1630: 1469:Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports 1338:), Grandma Got Run Over By a Rollergirl (" 525:A "power jam", derived from ice hockey's " 277:Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports 32: 19:For the skate brand of the same name, see 4875: 4712: 4514: 4464: 4435: 4410: 3894: 3598:"Punk On The Rocks: Roller Derby Wrecker" 3263:. asiaone.com. 2011-12-19. Archived from 3067: 2896: 2882:. Little, Brown and Company. p. 84. 2871: 2802: 2793: 2352:. Little City Roller Girs. Archived from 2008: 1689: 1286:" or "skater names". These typically use 1052:which demonstrates "the speed with which 1031:Roller derby began its modern revival in 919:was used to refer to such races by 1922. 4574:. rollerderbynotes.com. 30 December 2016 3492:"Cairollers Bring Roller Derby to Egypt" 3073: 2749: 2722: 2662: 2062: 2053: 1359: 1128: 1018: 1010: 997: 898: 609: 500: 472: 451: 431: 314: 7019:Sports originating in the United States 4745:"The Big 5 WFTDA Sponsored Tournaments" 4209:, Minnesota RollerGirls, archived from 4009:"Derby Names: Not Ready for Prime Time" 3709:"WFTDA 2011 Demographic Survey Results" 3633:(This is a post on the main YWTF blog.) 3465: 2989: 2987: 2921: 2531: 2373: 2270: 1810: 1501:Since 2006, the WFTDA has sponsored an 1290:with satirical, mock-violent or sexual 550: 357:United Kingdom Roller Derby Association 38:A roller derby scrimmage in Utah (2012) 6986: 4872:vol. 93, no. 3, Summer2017, pp. 36-59. 4304: 4183:, Rat City Rollergirls, archived from 4079: 3618: 2957: 2951: 2932: 2877: 2426: 2404:. Atlanta Roller Girls. Archived from 2341: 1837:"The Rules of Flat Track Roller Derby" 1788:"The Rules of Flat Track Roller Derby" 1529: 1456:because they prefer local governance. 331:) blocker vs. a Rhode Island Riveter ( 6661: 5001: 4924: 4394: 4329: 4156: 3575: 3508: 3049: 2774: 1928: 1367:and others tend to an injured skater. 4895:The Rules of Flat Track Roller Derby 3313: 3043: 2984: 1842:Women's Flat Track Derby Association 1446:Women's Flat Track Derby Association 1056:is now transported by highly mobile 349:Women's Flat Track Derby Association 305:Women's Flat Track Derby Association 287:, that took place September 2017 in 5715:Indigenous North American stickball 3686:. Reno Roller Girls. Archived from 2483:. Rose City Rollers. Archived from 2350:"Roller Derby Strategies and Plays" 2273:"Learning to Pivot in Roller Derby" 13: 4547:"Open Letter to USA Roller Sports" 4231:"Derby injuries? - SkateLog Forum" 3578:"Roller derby gets a good punking" 2639:"Remarkable roller-skating feat". 2586: 2558: 1340:Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer 1006: 444:) race from the jammer line (2011) 215:, is a series of two-minute timed 211:A 60-minute roller derby game, or 14: 7040: 4888: 2347: 2111:Roller Derby Coalition of Leagues 1606:List of roller derby associations 1440:List of roller derby associations 362: 4859: 4834: 4809: 4788: 4737: 4636: 4564: 4539: 4388: 4350: 4323: 4298: 4273: 4252: 4223: 4197: 4171: 4150: 4121: 4096: 4044:from the original on 2018-08-21. 3809: 2478: 1580: 1566: 1487:British Roller Sports Federation 5027: 4502:Junior Roller Derby Association 4471:Captain Gorgeous (2011-06-28). 4395:Dator, James (13 August 2013). 4073: 4048: 4030: 4001: 3978: 3919: 3904:King, April, ed. (2014-09-01). 3877: 3860: 3836: 3803: 3785: 3761: 3755: 3726: 3701: 3676: 3662: 3636: 3612: 3590: 3569: 3527: 3502: 3484: 3459: 3437: 3408: 3383: 3354: 3329: 3307: 3296:from the original on 2021-11-07 3278: 3253: 3228: 3218:"TLV Derby Girls Official site" 3210: 3186: 3165: 3145: 3134:from the original on 2021-11-07 3116: 3012: 2997:. KTVU-TV. 2004. Archived from 2768: 2707: 2654:"A six-day roller skate race". 2632: 2607: 2580: 2532:Joulwan, Melissa (2007-04-06). 2525: 2510:. pivotstar.com. Archived from 2499: 2472: 2446: 2433:Fivepointgrandslam.blogspot.com 2420: 2394: 2374:Joulwan, Melissa (2007-04-06). 2367: 2311: 2290: 2275:. DerbyLife.com. Archived from 2239: 2174: 2149: 2124: 2099: 2028: 2002: 1911:from the original on 2021-11-07 1882:from the original on 2021-11-07 1670: 1661: 1652: 1642: 1310:that they adopt while skating. 1091:International Olympic Committee 281:International Olympic Committee 4305:Looser, Devoney (2014-05-02). 4159:"PCL Injuries in Roller Derby" 3670:"Soldiers in the Roller Derby" 3444:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, 3074:La Gorce, Tammy (2008-11-07), 2614:ArghyadeepGhosh (2024-09-01). 2427:Crouse, Tripp (15 July 2011). 2249:. Canberra Roller Derby League 1977: 1947: 1922: 1893: 1857: 1829: 1617: 1544:and patriarchal standards. In 1496: 1450:Men's Roller Derby Association 1124: 16:Contact sport on roller skates 1: 4360:. The Derby Apex. 2017-05-18. 4056:"Treasure Valley Rollergirls" 3647:. Uncle Boise. Archived from 3050:Brick, Michael (2008-12-17), 3020:"USARS Rules of Roller Derby" 2937:. Little, Brown and Company. 1961:. 4 July 2011. Archived from 1682: 1027:, Australia, in November 2010 940: 6973:Women Boxing Archive Network 5389:International rules football 4080:Wilson, Tracy (2005-11-07), 4015:. 2011-09-14. Archived from 3625:, Younger Women's Task Force 3576:Wells, Steven (2005-05-23). 3422:. 2013-01-18. Archived from 2856:. 1936-09-21. Archived from 2827:. 1936-02-03. Archived from 2732:"Roller derby on tomorrow". 2559:Ma, Ling (21 October 2010). 2318:Brauns, Katie (2009-04-14). 1929:Neale, Rick (24 June 2008). 1811:Moffett, Matt (2013-02-03). 1601:List of roller derby leagues 1596:Bibliography of roller derby 1385: 955:National Roller Derby League 895:Professional endurance races 768:Non-skating officials (NSOs) 694: 536: 496: 7: 4593:"USARS / WFTDA Reciprocity" 4358:"WFTDA Stats Actually Rule" 3812:"Whip It-Marketing Session" 2775:Luker, Kelly (1997-07-23). 2673:. 2 March 1885. p. 10. 2013:. U.S. News. Archived from 1559: 1508:Internationally, the first 1434:Governance and organization 1416:Roller derby bouts are now 1405:roller derby team defeated 702: 468: 246: 10: 7045: 6968:Women's sport in Australia 4696:"Rolling Up to Tokio 2020" 4447:Rollerderbyinsidetrack.com 4397:"The rise of roller derby" 4330:Patel, Rena (2018-03-28). 4157:Ryder, Kari (2008-06-19). 2298:"Roller derby: A glossary" 2217:Parnavelas, Ellen (2012). 1437: 1346:), and War of the Wheels ( 923:Evolution to contact sport 910:The growing popularity of 887: 883: 279:(FIRS), recognized by the 18: 6945: 6909: 6829: 6794: 6748: 6720:Australian rules football 6702: 6695: 6567: 6517: 6489: 6357: 6183: 6007: 5914: 5782: 5675: 5666: 5631: 5513: 5422: 5368: 5302: 5250:Australian rules football 5178: 5167: 5072: 5063: 5035: 4959: 4868:Virginia Quarterly Review 4796:"WFTDA Recognized Events" 4260:"WFTDA Insurance Program" 4104:"Anatomy of a concussion" 3929:Killbox retires (sort of) 3643:Pat Zanghi (2010-04-22). 3198:Copenhagenrollerderby.com 3194:"Copenhagen Roller Derby" 2754:. Macmillan. p. 79. 2736:. 1922-04-24. p. 20. 2718:. 1914-12-17. p. S2. 2703:. 1922-12-17. p. 11. 2658:. 1885-03-02. p. 10. 2643:. 1884-04-13. p. 10. 2040:Fragglepuss.wordpress.com 1989:Olympictalk.nbcsports.com 1540:that roller derby defies 1537:Virginia Quarterly Review 1534:Zaina Arafat said in the 1355: 994:Contemporary roller derby 669:: The pack is defined as 182: 177: 163: 133: 122: 114: 104: 99: 91: 76: 68: 43: 31: 4523:"To Whom It May Concern" 4281:"Roller Derby Worldwide" 3645:"Oddballs: Roller Derby" 3236:"Roller Derby Singapore" 3174:"Roller Derby Worldwide" 3172:Cat O'Ninetails (2011). 2688:. 1908-11-27. p. 5. 2481:"Strategy 101: The Wall" 2458:Derbystein.wordpress.com 2219:The Roller Derby Athlete 2009:Greg Otto (2013-05-30). 1611: 1407:Arizona State University 1323:Night of the Living Dead 1209:Holy Mary Mother of God 1206:Roly Mary Mother of Quad 1138:Examples of derby names 351:(WFTDA). In March 2010, 310: 4747:. WFTDA. Archived from 3817:. WFTDA. Archived from 3711:. WFTDA. Archived from 2750:Boulware, Jack (2000). 1959:Sports.nationalpost.com 1524:The Great Southern Slam 1473:2017 World Roller Games 890:History of roller derby 427: 4720:"Welcome to the CWRDA" 4083:How Roller Derby Works 3557:accompanying blog post 3466:jknotts (2019-09-08). 3240:Roller Derby Singapore 2933:Deford, Frank (1971). 2878:Deford, Frank (1971). 2538:. Simon and Schuster. 2380:. Simon and Schuster. 2271:Em Dash (2016-04-22). 1510:Roller Derby World Cup 1368: 1342:"), Cinco de May-hem ( 1134: 1028: 1016: 1003: 968:1989 saw the debut of 907: 619: 510: 489: 457: 445: 436:Two jammers (from the 340: 293:"do-it-yourself" ethic 6999:Girls' toys and games 6963:Women at the Olympics 6937:Six-on-six basketball 6568:Other non-ball sports 6527:Synchronized swimming 6109:Mesoamerican ballgame 5294:Circle rules football 4086:, HowStuffWorks, Inc. 3619:Jackie (2006-10-26), 2777:"Blood on the Tracks" 2734:Chicago Daily Tribune 2686:Chicago Daily Tribune 2656:Chicago Daily Tribune 2641:Chicago Daily Tribune 2402:"Game Play: Strategy" 1454:national organization 1399:University of Arizona 1363: 1334:), Seasons Beatings ( 1132: 1022: 1014: 1001: 902: 613: 504: 483: 455: 435: 318: 7014:Sports entertainment 6749:Stick and ball codes 6715:Association football 6637:Synchronized skating 5183:Association football 4206:Pabst Bruise Gallery 3509:Whittaker, Richard. 3472:www.thebeijinger.com 3420:Rollerderbyjesus.com 3318:. Dubai Roller Derby 2860:on December 15, 2008 2595:on 20 September 2016 2408:on 28 September 2011 1491:Roller Sports Canada 1222:Princess Lay-Ya Flat 1186:Sandra Day O'Clobber 1151:Guinefear of Jamalot 949:debuted on New York 551:Strategy and tactics 321:Charm City All Stars 273:2020 Summer Olympics 262:sports entertainment 21:Roller Derby (brand) 7029:Third-wave feminism 6910:Historically-female 6532:Underwater football 5632:Other related codes 5424:Medieval/historical 4521:USA Roller Sports. 3684:"Reno Roller Girls" 3515:AustinChronicle.com 3314:Dani (2012-10-13). 3153:"Oslo Roller Derby" 2454:"Passing the Panty" 1876:The Virginian-Pilot 1530:Social significance 1503:annual championship 1392:junior roller derby 1326:), Knocktoberfest ( 1298:, and allusions to 1190:Sandra Day O'Connor 1139: 1076:third-wave feminist 1023:Teams competing in 870:Scoreboard Operator 817:Penalty Box Manager 46:governing body 28: 6867:Mixed martial arts 6359:Net and wall games 5505:Uppies and downies 5409:Universal football 5260:Lightning football 4916:Roller Derby Forum 3934:Derby News Network 3562:2008-05-01 at the 3496:Dailynewsegypt.com 3316:"In the beginning" 3104:flattrackstats.com 2967:Sports Illustrated 2348:Vodoo, Big Daddy. 2182:"Welcome to CWRDA" 1422:Derby News Network 1403:Claremont Colleges 1369: 1162:Mazel Tov Cocktail 1137: 1135: 1029: 1017: 1004: 908: 831:Penalty Box Timers 620: 511: 490: 486:Garden City, Idaho 458: 446: 353:Derby News Network 341: 303:. As of 2020, the 26: 6981: 6980: 6830:Individual sports 6825: 6824: 6710:Gridiron football 6655: 6654: 6590:Combat (juggling) 6328:British baseball 6179: 6178: 6008:Other ball sports 6003: 6002: 5901:Underwater hockey 5662: 5661: 5445:Calcio fiorentino 5360:Canadian football 5313:American football 4995: 4994: 4376:Fiveonfivemag.com 4337:The Scripps Voice 4235:Skatelogforum.com 4038:"Derby Roll Call" 3824:on 20 August 2012 2831:on March 14, 2009 2806:Los Angeles Times 2232:978-1-4088-3239-4 1542:heteronormativity 1349:War of the Worlds 1336:Seasons Greetings 1330:), Spanksgiving ( 1280: 1279: 961:(Leo's son), the 881: 880: 765: 764: 579:Killing a penalty 481: 414: 413: 192: 191: 7036: 6700: 6699: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6659: 6658: 6537:Underwater rugby 6332:English baseball 6154:Valencian pilota 5945:Hobby horse polo 5673: 5672: 5500:Royal Shrovetide 5404:Swedish football 5176: 5175: 5070: 5069: 5045:Governing bodies 5022: 5015: 5008: 4999: 4998: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4910:Flat Track Stats 4882: 4879: 4873: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4803: 4792: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4700:Rollersports.org 4692: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4621:. Archived from 4617:Rachel Afflick. 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4528:. Archived from 4527: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4449:. Archived from 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4420:. Archived from 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4283:. Archived from 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4237:. Archived from 4227: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4218: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4193: 4192: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4135:. Archived from 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3992: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3960:. Archived from 3954: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3936:, archived from 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3901: 3892: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3823: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3770:. Archived from 3768:Sports.yahoo.com 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3749: 3740:. Archived from 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3640: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3604:. Archived from 3594: 3588: 3587: 3573: 3567: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3545: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3498:. 13 March 2013. 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3368:. Archived from 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3220:. Archived from 3214: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3204: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3139: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3031: 3025:. Archived from 3024: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2969:. Archived from 2955: 2949: 2948: 2930: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2800: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2781:Metro Santa Cruz 2772: 2766: 2765: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2506:Lucy Croysdill. 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2326:. Archived from 2315: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2268: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2214: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2143: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2082: 2073: 2072: 2060: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1981: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1939:. Archived from 1926: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1897: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1808: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1795: 1784: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1628: 1621: 1590: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1514:second World Cup 1170:Molotov cocktail 1140: 1136: 1116:over-the-counter 1112:breakfast cereal 804:Penalty Trackers 776: 775: 711: 710: 573:Passing the star 482: 367: 366: 36: 29: 25: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7033: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6941: 6905: 6821: 6790: 6744: 6730:Gaelic football 6691: 6686: 6656: 6651: 6563: 6513: 6509:World Chase Tag 6485: 6409:Football tennis 6353: 6237:Danish longball 6186: 6175: 6045:Ballon au poing 6040:Balle à la main 5999: 5910: 5906:Unicycle hockey 5778: 5668: 5658: 5627: 5509: 5495:Pasuckuakohowog 5460:Cornish hurling 5425: 5418: 5364: 5298: 5282:Gaelic football 5171: 5163: 5059: 5031: 5026: 4996: 4991: 4955: 4949: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4876: 4864: 4860: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4801: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4693: 4686: 4677: 4675: 4672:Rollersports.ca 4666: 4665: 4661: 4652: 4650: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4628: 4626: 4615: 4611: 4602: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4556: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4504: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4482: 4480: 4469: 4465: 4456: 4454: 4441: 4440: 4436: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4378: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4342: 4340: 4328: 4324: 4315: 4313: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4242: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4214: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4188: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4163: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4087: 4078: 4074: 4065: 4063: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4022: 4020: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3967: 3965: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3943: 3941: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3852: 3850: 3848:www.YouTube.com 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3793:"CNN.com Video" 3791: 3790: 3786: 3777: 3775: 3762:Van, Samantha. 3760: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3693: 3691: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3637: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3613: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3574: 3570: 3564:Wayback Machine 3549: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3517: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3429: 3427: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3375: 3373: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3346: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3321: 3319: 3312: 3308: 3299: 3297: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3200: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3178: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3137: 3135: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3106: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3058: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2993: 2992: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2876: 2872: 2863: 2861: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2832: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2801: 2794: 2785: 2783: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2624: 2622: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2530: 2526: 2517: 2515: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2487:on 14 June 2018 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2460:. 9 August 2015 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2372: 2368: 2359: 2357: 2346: 2342: 2333: 2331: 2316: 2312: 2303: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2282: 2280: 2269: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2215: 2200: 2191: 2189: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2141: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2091: 2089: 2086:"WFTDA Leagues" 2084: 2083: 2076: 2061: 2054: 2045: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2020: 2018: 2007: 2003: 1994: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1965:on 20 July 2012 1953: 1952: 1948: 1927: 1923: 1914: 1912: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1885: 1883: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1847: 1835: 1834: 1830: 1821: 1819: 1809: 1802: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1631: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1588:Feminism portal 1586: 1581: 1579: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1532: 1499: 1483:Skate Australia 1463:has recognized 1442: 1436: 1388: 1358: 1275:Johnny Thunders 1270:Bonnie Thunders 1176:O Hell No Kitty 1127: 1087:traveling teams 1009: 1007:Amateur revival 996: 943: 925: 897: 892: 886: 785:Responsibility 770: 753:Jammer Referees 720:Responsibility 705: 697: 553: 539: 499: 473: 471: 430: 376:Responsibility 365: 339:) jammer (2008) 313: 249: 100:Characteristics 39: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7042: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6833: 6831: 6827: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6704: 6703:Football codes 6697: 6693: 6692: 6689:Women's sports 6685: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6662: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6495: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6367:Ball badminton 6363: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6337:Welsh baseball 6334: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6242:Indoor cricket 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6114:Pelota mixteca 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5977: 5972: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5919: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5886:Rossall hockey 5883: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5812: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5772:Shinty–Hurling 5764: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5708:Shinty–Hurling 5705: 5702: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5667:Stick-and-ball 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5520: 5518: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5384:Eton wall game 5381: 5375: 5373: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5355:Arena football 5352: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5309: 5307: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5290: 5289: 5279: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5179: 5173: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5076: 5074: 5067: 5065:Invasion games 5061: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5050:National sport 5047: 5042: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5024: 5017: 5010: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4985: 4983:United Kingdom 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4948: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4907: 4898: 4890: 4889:External links 4887: 4884: 4883: 4874: 4858: 4833: 4808: 4787: 4776:. 1 March 2019 4761: 4736: 4711: 4684: 4668:"Roller Derby" 4659: 4635: 4609: 4584: 4563: 4538: 4535:on 2011-10-26. 4513: 4489: 4463: 4434: 4409: 4399:. SBNation.com 4387: 4363: 4349: 4322: 4311:Slate Magazine 4297: 4272: 4251: 4222: 4196: 4180:Injury Gallery 4170: 4149: 4129:"Dain Bramage" 4120: 4095: 4072: 4047: 4029: 4000: 3977: 3949: 3918: 3908:. twoevils.org 3893: 3876: 3868:Cheerios TV ad 3859: 3835: 3802: 3784: 3754: 3725: 3700: 3675: 3661: 3635: 3611: 3608:on 2012-03-31. 3589: 3568: 3526: 3501: 3483: 3458: 3436: 3407: 3382: 3353: 3341:Time Out Dubai 3328: 3306: 3292:. 2011-04-01. 3277: 3252: 3227: 3224:on 2014-07-14. 3209: 3185: 3164: 3144: 3130:. 2012-04-08. 3115: 3091: 3080:New York Times 3066: 3056:New York Times 3042: 3011: 2995:"Roller Derby" 2983: 2961:(1998-12-14). 2950: 2943: 2920: 2895: 2888: 2870: 2841: 2821:"Roller Derby" 2812: 2792: 2767: 2760: 2739: 2721: 2716:New York Times 2706: 2701:New York Times 2691: 2676: 2671:New York Times 2661: 2646: 2631: 2606: 2579: 2566:Chicago Reader 2561:"Game Changer" 2551: 2544: 2524: 2498: 2471: 2445: 2419: 2393: 2386: 2366: 2340: 2310: 2289: 2260: 2238: 2231: 2198: 2173: 2148: 2123: 2098: 2074: 2052: 2027: 2001: 1976: 1946: 1943:on 2008-06-19. 1921: 1907:. 2012-02-26. 1892: 1856: 1828: 1817:Online.wsj.com 1800: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1641: 1629: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1577: 1561: 1558: 1531: 1528: 1498: 1495: 1438:Main article: 1435: 1432: 1387: 1384: 1357: 1354: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1217:On Your Marks 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1200:Punky Brewster 1197: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1126: 1123: 1008: 1005: 995: 992: 942: 939: 924: 921: 912:roller skating 896: 893: 888:Main article: 885: 882: 879: 878: 875: 872: 866: 865: 862: 859: 857:Lineup Tracker 853: 852: 849: 846: 840: 839: 836: 833: 827: 826: 822: 819: 813: 812: 809: 806: 800: 799: 796: 793: 787: 786: 783: 780: 769: 766: 763: 762: 758: 755: 749: 748: 745: 742: 736: 735: 731: 728: 722: 721: 718: 715: 704: 701: 696: 693: 692: 691: 685: 675: 664: 663: 662: 656: 649: 642: 639: 633: 630: 624:Jammer tactics 608: 607: 606: 605: 602: 599: 583: 582: 576: 570: 567:Ending the jam 552: 549: 538: 535: 507:Essen, Germany 498: 495: 470: 467: 429: 426: 412: 411: 407: 404: 400: 399: 396: 393: 389: 388: 385: 382: 378: 377: 374: 371: 364: 363:Basics of play 361: 345:governing body 312: 309: 289:Nanjing, China 248: 245: 199:roller skating 190: 189: 186: 180: 179: 175: 174: 165: 161: 160: 135: 131: 130: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 48: 41: 40: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7041: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:Roller sports 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6678: 6676: 6671: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6488: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6356: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267:Over-the-line 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6182: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6006: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5940:Elephant polo 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5896:Street hockey 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5869:Roller hockey 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5665: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 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WFTDA. 2017 2087: 2081: 2079: 2070: 2066: 2059: 2057: 2041: 2037: 2031: 2017:on 2017-08-15 2016: 2012: 2005: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1925: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1845: 1844:official site 1843: 1838: 1832: 1818: 1814: 1807: 1805: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1673: 1664: 1655: 1645: 1636: 1634: 1626: 1620: 1616: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1578: 1575: 1574:Sports portal 1564: 1557: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1383: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1366: 1362: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1344:Cinco de Mayo 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1226:Princess Leia 1224: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1196:Punky Bruiser 1195: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1131: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1096:In 2009, the 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1050:globalization 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1033:Austin, Texas 1026: 1021: 1013: 1000: 991: 989: 987: 982: 977: 974: 972: 966: 964: 960: 959:Jerry Seltzer 956: 952: 948: 938: 935: 930: 920: 918: 913: 906: 905:New York City 901: 891: 876: 873: 871: 868: 867: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 825:jammer swap. 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 810: 807: 805: 802: 801: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 784: 781: 778: 777: 774: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 746: 743: 741: 740:Pack Referees 738: 737: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 719: 716: 713: 712: 709: 700: 689: 686: 683: 679: 676: 672: 668: 665: 660: 657: 654: 650: 647: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 627: 625: 622: 621: 617: 612: 603: 600: 597: 596: 594: 591: 590: 589: 587: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 564: 563: 561: 557: 548: 545: 544:inline skates 534: 530: 528: 523: 521: 516: 508: 503: 494: 487: 466: 462: 454: 450: 443: 439: 434: 425: 422: 418: 408: 405: 402: 401: 397: 394: 391: 390: 386: 383: 380: 379: 375: 373:Helmet cover 372: 369: 368: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 263: 258: 254: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 203: 202:contact sport 200: 196: 187: 185: 181: 176: 173: 169: 166: 162: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 138:Roller skates 136: 132: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 98: 94: 90: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 64: 60: 56: 52: 49: 47: 42: 35: 30: 22: 6994:Roller derby 6917:Roller derby 6916: 6842:Bodybuilding 6776:Field hockey 6735:Rugby league 6632:Roller derby 6631: 6559:Yacht racing 6519:Water sports 6439:Sepak takraw 6429:Newcomb ball 6185:Bat-and-ball 6055:Longue paume 6050:Jeu de paume 5827:Floor hockey 5815:Field hockey 5524:Rugby league 5213:minifootball 5193:beach soccer 5055:Sportspeople 4952:Roller derby 4951: 4901:Roller derby 4877: 4866: 4861: 4850:. Retrieved 4846:the original 4836: 4825:. Retrieved 4821:the original 4811: 4800:. Retrieved 4790: 4778:. Retrieved 4773: 4764: 4753:. Retrieved 4749:the original 4739: 4728:. Retrieved 4724:the original 4714: 4703:. Retrieved 4699: 4676:. Retrieved 4674:. 2010-01-07 4671: 4662: 4651:. Retrieved 4647: 4638: 4627:. Retrieved 4623:the original 4612: 4601:. Retrieved 4597:the original 4587: 4576:. Retrieved 4566: 4555:. Retrieved 4551:the original 4541: 4530:the original 4516: 4505:. Retrieved 4501: 4492: 4481:. Retrieved 4477:the original 4466: 4455:. Retrieved 4451:the original 4446: 4437: 4426:. Retrieved 4422:the original 4412: 4401:. Retrieved 4390: 4379:. Retrieved 4375: 4366: 4352: 4341:. Retrieved 4335: 4325: 4314:. Retrieved 4310: 4300: 4289:. Retrieved 4285:the original 4275: 4264:. Retrieved 4254: 4243:. Retrieved 4239:the original 4234: 4225: 4215:, retrieved 4211:the original 4205: 4199: 4189:, retrieved 4185:the original 4179: 4173: 4162:. Retrieved 4152: 4141:. Retrieved 4137:the original 4133:Roller Derby 4132: 4123: 4112:. Retrieved 4110:. 2008-11-20 4107: 4098: 4088:, retrieved 4082: 4075: 4064:. Retrieved 4060:the original 4050: 4032: 4021:. Retrieved 4017:the original 4012: 4003: 3995: 3989:. Retrieved 3980: 3972: 3966:. Retrieved 3962:the original 3952: 3942:, retrieved 3938:the original 3928: 3921: 3910:. Retrieved 3879: 3862: 3851:. Retrieved 3847: 3838: 3828:24 September 3826:. Retrieved 3819:the original 3805: 3796: 3787: 3776:. Retrieved 3772:the original 3767: 3757: 3746:. Retrieved 3742:the original 3737: 3728: 3717:. Retrieved 3713:the original 3703: 3692:. Retrieved 3688:the original 3678: 3672:. Army Live. 3664: 3653:. Retrieved 3649:the original 3638: 3627:, retrieved 3621: 3614: 3606:the original 3602:Ourstage.com 3601: 3592: 3583:The Guardian 3581: 3571: 3548:. Retrieved 3541:the original 3535: 3529: 3518:. Retrieved 3514: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3475:. Retrieved 3471: 3461: 3451:, retrieved 3446: 3439: 3428:. 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