1040:
XX). This was a lunar year of 354 days but, because of the Roman superstition about even numbers, an additional day was added to
January to make the calendar 355 days long. Auspiciously, each month now had an odd number of days: Martius (March), Maius (May), Quinctilis (July), and October continued to have 31; the other months, 29, except for February, which had 28 days. Considered unlucky, it was devoted to rites of purification (februa) and expiation appropriate to the last month of the year. (Although these legendary beginnings attest to the venerability of the lunar calendar of the Roman Republic, its historical origin probably was the publication of a revised calendar by the Decemviri in
1723:(355 days), leap year with 23-day February followed by 27-day Mercedonius (377 days), common year, leap year with 23-day February followed by 28-day Mercedonius (378 days), and so on for the first 16 years of a 24-year cycle. In the last 8 years, the intercalation took place with the month of Mercedonius only 27 days, except the last intercalation which did not happen. Hence, there would be a typical common year followed by a leap year of 377 days for the next 6 years and the remaining 2 years would sequentially be common years. The result of this twenty-four-year pattern was of great precision for the time: 365.25 days, as shown by the following calculation:
36:
3966:, the details of which are unclear, but it appears to have successfully regulated intercalation for over a century. The second breakdown was in the middle of the first century BC and may have been related to the increasingly chaotic and adversarial nature of Roman politics at the time. The position of Pontifex Maximus was not a full-time job; it was held by a member of the Roman elite, who would almost invariably be involved in the machinations of Roman politics. Because the term of office of elected
2390:
452:
8114:
8104:
54:
4382:
4006:
3854:
was inserted between them. In such years, the days between the ides and the
Regifugium were counted down to either the Intercalary Kalends or to the Terminalia. The intercalary month counted down to nones and ides on its 5th and 13th day in the manner of the other short months. The remaining days of
1039:
who divided the year into twelve lunar months (History of Rome, I.19). Fifty days, says
Censorinus, were added to the calendar and a day taken from each month of thirty days to provide for the two winter months: Januarius (January) and Februarius (February), both of which had 28 days (The Natal Day,
1055:
of 365.25 days led to a shortfall over four years of (10.25 Ă 4) = 41 days. Theoretically, 22 days were interpolated into the calendar in the second year of the four-year cycle and 23 days in the fourth. This produced an excess of four days over the four years in line with the normal one day excess
2552:
The names of Roman months originally functioned as adjectives (e.g., the
January kalends occur in the January month) before being treated as substantive nouns in their own right (e.g., the kalends of January occur in January). Some of their etymologies are well-established: January and March honor
4146:
because the god faced both ways, suggesting it had been instituted as a first month. It was, however, usually said to have been instituted along with
February, whose nature and festivals suggest it had originally been considered the last month of the year. The consuls' term of officeâand thus the
3906:
in alternate years; the intercalation was placed after
February 23 and the remaining five days of February followed. To avoid the nones falling on a nundine, where necessary an intercalary day was inserted "in the middle of the Terminalia, where they placed the intercalary month". This appears to
1722:
According to the later writers
Censorinus and Macrobius, to correct the mismatch of the correspondence between months and seasons due to the excess of one day of the Roman average year over the tropical year, the insertion of the intercalary month was modified according to the scheme: common year
270:
Modern historians dispute various points of this account. It is possible the original calendar was agriculturally based, observational of the seasons and stars rather the moon, with ten months of varying length filling the entire year. If this ever existed, it would have changed to the lunisolar
4333:
Given the paucity of records regarding the state of the calendar and its intercalation, historians have reconstructed the correspondence of Roman dates to their Julian and
Gregorian equivalents from disparate sources. There are detailed accounts of the decades leading up to the Julian reform,
1830:, introduced a series of reforms in 304 BC. Their exact nature is uncertain, although he is thought to have begun the custom of publishing the calendar in advance of the month, depriving the priests of some of their power but allowing for a more consistent calendar for official business.
2004:
an official holiday in 321. Consular dating became obsolete following the abandonment of appointing nonimperial consuls in AD 541. The Roman method of numbering the days of the month never became widespread in the
Hellenized eastern provinces and was eventually abandoned by the
1937:
assumed control of Rome and, finding the priests had (owing to their inclusive counting) been intercalating every third year instead of every fourth, suspended the addition of leap days to the calendar for one or two decades until its proper position had been restored. See
3782:
tied to the nones and ides of various months. However, because the dates at the ends of the month all counted forward to the next kalends, they were all shifted by one or two days by the change. This created confusion with regard to certain anniversaries. For instance,
952:'s calendar had been solar but adhered to the general principle that the year should last for 360 days. Months were employed secondarily and haphazardly, with some counted as 20 days and others as 35 or more. Plutarch records that while one tradition is that
668:
claims the 10-month calendar was fixed and allowed to shift until the summer months were completely misplaced, at which time additional days belonging to no month were simply inserted into the calendar until it seemed things were restored to their proper place.
3957:
The
Pontifex Maximus determined when an intercalary month was to be inserted. On average, this happened in alternate years. The system of aligning the year through intercalary months broke down at least twice: the first time was during and after the
663:
as the last day of the first month and simultaneously the first day of the next month. The system is usually said to have left the remaining two to three months of the year as an unorganized "winter", since they were irrelevant to the farming cycle.
2483:
were required to wait another three-week period if their proposals could not receive a vote before dusk on the day they were introduced. Superstitions arose concerning the bad luck that followed a nundinae on the nones of a month or, later, on the
4297:
but the uncertainty as to the end of lunar dating and the irregularity of Roman intercalation means that dates which can be independently verified are invariably weeks to months outside of their "proper" place. Two astronomical events dated by
956:
added two new months to a ten-month calendar, another version is that January and February were originally the last two months of the year and Numa just moved them to the start of the year, so that January (named after a peaceful ruler called
3825:
days, which meant that it would quickly unsynchronize from the solar year, causing, for example, agricultural festivals to occur out of season. The Roman solution to this problem was to periodically lengthen the calendar by adding extra days
3929:
BC, says "the twelfth month was February, and when intercalations take place the five last days of this month are removed." Since all the days after the Ides of Intercalaris were counted down to the beginning of March, the month had either
636:
The Romans themselves usually described their first organized year as one with ten fixed months, a decimal division fitting general Roman practice. There were four months of "31" daysâMarch, May, Quintilis, and Octoberâcalled "full months"
699:, his supposed birthplace. Some scholars doubt the existence of this calendar at all, as it is only attested in late Republican and Imperial sources and supported only by the misplaced names of the months from September to December.
1801:
1056:
over one year. The method of correction was to truncate February by five days and follow it with the intercalary month which thus commenced (normally) on the day after February 23 and had either 27 or 28 days. February 23 was the
3941:
and Intercalaris had 27. No date is offered for the Regifugium in 378-day years. Macrobius describes a further refinement whereby, in one 8-year period within a 24-year cycle, there were only three intercalary years, each of
390:. In order to avoid interfering with Rome's religious ceremonies, the reform distributed the unassigned days among the months (towards their ends) and did not adjust any nones or ides, even in months which came to have 31
4103:'s date for this was 753 BC but other writers used different dates, varying by several decades. Such dating was, however, never widespread. After the consuls waned in importance, most Roman dating was regnal or followed
1878:
every fourth year to bring the Roman calendar into close agreement with the solar year. The year 46 BC was the last of the old system and included three intercalary months, the first inserted in February and two
3970:
was defined in terms of a Roman calendar year, a Pontifex Maximus had an incentive to lengthen a year in which he or his allies were in power or shorten a year in which his political opponents held office.
3874:
Apparently because of the confusion of these changes or uncertainty as to whether an intercalary month would be ordered, dates after the February ides are attested as sometimes counting down towards the
4134:
The Romans did not have records of their early calendars but, like modern historians, assumed the year originally began in March on the basis of the names of the months following June. The consul
4083:, regnal dates based on the emperors' terms in office became more common. Some historians of the later republic and early imperial eras dated from the legendary founding of the city of Rome (
3991:
synodic month short. Obviously, the month beginning shifts forward (from the new moon, to the third quarter, to the full moon, to the first quarter, back the new moon) after intercalation.
424:) leap day every three years due to their inclusive counting. In order to bring the calendar back to its proper place, Augustus was obliged to suspend intercalation for one or two decades.
5653:
4660:
In leap years early period after the Julian reform, February had 29 days but was reckoned as a 28 day month by treating the sixth day before the March Kalends as lasting for 48 hours.
2209:, reflecting the increasing use of such date phrases as an absolute phrase able to function as the object of another preposition, or simply originated in a mistaken agreement of
2443:, they were reckoned as "ninth days" although they actually occurred every eighth day. Because the republican and Julian years were not evenly divisible into eight-day periods,
626:
that were dependent on local conditions. Michels suggests this was the original state of all ancient festivals, marking divisions between the seasons and occasions within them.
3759:
Dates after the ides count forward to the kalends of the next month and are expressed as such. For example, March 19 was expressed as "the 14th day before the April Kalends" (
2134:
These are thought to reflect a prehistoric lunar calendar, with the kalends proclaimed after the sighting of the first sliver of the new crescent moon a day or two after the
1980:
to maintain its alignment with Rome's.) A few emperors altered the names of the months after themselves or their family, but such changes were abandoned by their successors.
4624:
The 31-day months of prior to the Julian reform, March, May, Quintilis (July), and October, continued using the old system with their Nones on the 9th and Ides on the 15th.
355:âpolitical considerations continued to interfere with its regular application. Notably, intercalation had to be personally announced by the chief pontiff in Rome so, when
5663:
3894:, so that the civil year should correspond to the natural (solar) year, this intercalation was in preference made in February, between the Terminalia and Regifugium .
4330:, the leap years were not applied correctly by the Roman priests, meaning dates are a few days out of their "proper" place until a few decades into Augustus's reign.
3855:
the month counted down towards the March Kalends, so that the end of Mercedonius and the second part of February were indistinguishable to the Romans, one ending on
6773:
1068:
Thus the dates of the festivals of the last five days of February were preserved on account of them being actually named and counted inclusively in days before the
4633:
The 31-day months established by the Julian reform, January, Sextilis (August), and December, used a new system with their Nones on the 7th and Ides on the 13th.
703:
also finds the coincidence of the length of the supposed "Romulan" year with the length of the first ten months of the Julian calendar to indicate that it is an
518:, this was presumably avoided through some form of arbitrary curtailment or intercalation or through the suspension of the calendar during winter. Against this,
8263:
2540:) an official day of rest in AD 321. The hebdomadal week was also reckoned as a cycle of letters from A to G; these were adapted for Christian use as the
1728:
5618:
4322:
BC") actually began on March 15, 205BC, and ended on March 14, 204 BC, according to the Roman calendar but may have begun as early as November or December 206
5396:
320:
It is clear that, for a variety of reasons, the intercalation necessary for the system's accuracy was not always observed. Astronomical events recorded in
6836:
6741:
1874:
and the Roman M. Flavius. Its main lines involved the insertion of ten additional days throughout the calendar and regular intercalation of a single
7699:
7346:
6635:
6519:
6202:
4315:
1805:
The consuls' terms of office were not always a modern calendar year, but ordinary consuls were elected or appointed annually. The traditional
8150:
1111:, as were the two new months of the calendar. Most sources thought he had established intercalation with the rest of his calendar. Although
10660:
10336:
8692:
7964:
2288:
6294:
4111:
tax cycle. These cycles were not distinguished, however, so that "year 2 of the indiction" may refer to any of 298, 313, 328, &c. The
2252:, which designated the religious and legal character of each month's days. The Romans marked each day of such calendars with the letters:
8734:
8722:
1170:
BC to respond to a rebellion in Hispania. Plutarch believed Numa was responsible for placing January and February first in the calendar;
8781:
2189:). In classical Latin, this use continued for the three principal days of the month but other days were idiomatically expressed in the
522:
has argued that the early calendars used by Rome and its neighbors were more probably observational of seasonal markers in nature (the
146:, beginning in spring with March and leaving winter as an unassigned span of days before the next year. These months each had 30 or 31
2580:, their position in the calendar when it began around the spring equinox in March. Others are uncertain. February may derive from the
3830:
February. February was broken into two parts, each with an odd number of days. The first part ended with the Terminalia on the 23rd (
5000:
4551:
There are some documents which state the month had been renamed as early as 26 or 23 BC, but the date of the Lex Pacuvia is certain.
1115:'s Numa instituted a lunar calendar, the author claimed the king had instituted a 19-year system of intercalation equivalent to the
8697:
4702:
6146:
5628:
10069:
8707:
4135:
6395:
5377:: " In the five hundred and ninety-eighth year after the founding of the city, the consuls began to enter upon their office on 1
3778:
The anomalous status of the new 31-day months under the Julian calendar was an effect of Caesar's desire to avoid affecting the
2307:
10014:
8702:
8436:
6853:
4147:
order of the years under the republicâseems to have changed several times. Their inaugurations were finally moved to January 1(
3967:
5352:
9984:
8809:
8336:
6713:
2327:
2261:
5263:
10107:
10074:
9949:
9102:
7491:
6871:
6601:
6586:
4915:
4285:
can lead to the mistaken belief that Roman dates correspond to Julian or Gregorian ones. In fact, the essentially complete
3767:), without a mention of March itself. The day after a kalends, nones, or ides was also often expressed as the "day after" (
602:
until at least the end of the 4th century. Although most Roman festivals in the historical record were closely tied to the
587:
8655:
6904:
6768:
4813:
2463:
and took on an important role in Roman legislation, which was supposed to be announced for three nundinal weeks (between
1088:
for another example). The Roman superstitions concerning the numbering and order of the months seem to have arisen from
1072:
of March; they were traditionally part of the celebration for the new year. There was occasionally a delay of one day (a
427:
At 365.25 days, the Julian calendar remained slightly longer than the solar year (365.24 days). By the 16th century, the
205:
and Roman dating counted down inclusively towards the next such day in any month. (For example, the year-end festival of
6337:
6321:
5406:
2572:; and the months Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December are archaic adjectives formed from the
10454:
8326:
7782:
4311:
507:
and, without adjustment, such a year would have quickly rotated out of alignment with the seasons in the manner of the
6264:
6150:
10655:
10251:
9994:
8754:
8321:
8316:
8292:
8143:
6504:
6454:
4669:
After the Julian reform until late in the imperial period, this day was reckoned to last 48 hours during a leap year.
4024:
during an unorganized winter period. The unattested but almost certain lunar year and the pre-Julian civil year were
3946:
days. This refinement brings the calendar back in line with the seasons and averages the length of the year to 365.25
972:, who used it as the schedule of royal audiences. It was presumably a part of the early calendar and was credited in
10962:
10291:
10009:
8682:
8331:
8258:
7441:
2369:, "halved") on days when most political and religious activities were prohibited in the morning and evening due to
6418:
4651:
In leap years late in the imperial period, February was reckoned as a 29 day month with all days lasting 24 hours.
2524:. The system was originally used for private worship and astrology but had replaced the nundinal week by the time
2451:
from A to H marking its place in the cycle of market days. Each year, the letter used for the markets would shift
1085:
8275:
8208:
6802:
6777:, vol. II, Part 2, translated by Stokes, Felix, Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Buchhandlung, pp. 2313â2344
6230:
4574:
The NP days are sometimes thought to mark days when political and judicial activities were prohibited only until
287:
5374:
5082:
535:
9029:
8954:
8712:
6667:
6085:
5983:
1910:
645:) and six months of "30" daysâApril, June, Sextilis, September, November, and Decemberâcalled "hollow months" (
6671:
6433:
2492:. Intercalation was supposedly used to avoid such coincidences, even after the Julian reform of the calendar.
10701:
10449:
9525:
2370:
1186:
continued to treat January and February as the last months of the calendar throughout the Republican period.
4529:
reports this tradition while claiming that the months had more probably predated or originated with Romulus.
4028:
long, with the difference from the solar year more or less corrected by an irregular intercalary month. The
10444:
9365:
8969:
8421:
8136:
7787:
7725:
7518:
3963:
2518:
107:. Although the term is primarily used for Rome's pre-Julian calendars, it is often used inclusively of the
6235:, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 283, Cato vol. III, translated by Hooper, William Davis; et al.,
5362:
1084:) for the purpose of avoiding a clash between a particular festival and a particular day of the week (see
673:'s lost history apparently similarly stated that even the earliest Roman calendar employed intercalation.
10634:
10504:
10064:
9989:
9748:
8804:
8687:
8233:
7625:
6953:
531:
249:
10844:
10824:
10024:
9688:
9580:
9350:
9122:
8944:
8852:
8717:
8660:
7959:
7764:
7600:
7109:
6620:
6490:
6477:
6325:
4139:
4124:
519:
338:
6404:, vol. I, translated by Roberts, Canon; et al., London: J.M. Dent & Sons, archived from
5310:
5010:
4774:
4712:
10834:
10806:
10639:
10418:
10044:
9137:
9092:
9019:
8939:
8887:
8877:
8829:
8176:
7729:
6590:
6280:
4920:
4884:
2472:
6532:
1988:
cycles beginning from the AD 297 census; these became the required format for official dating under
10901:
10100:
9645:
9555:
9064:
9044:
9039:
9024:
8977:
8917:
8872:
8674:
7662:
7205:
7146:
6680:
6446:
4160:
1174:
states January began as the first month and February the last, with its present order owing to the
691:, although this was common with other practices and traditions whose origin had been lost to them.
348:
305:. Even when the nundinal cycles had completely departed from correlation with the moon's phases, a
3838:), which was considered the end of the religious year; the five remaining days beginning with the
3807:
under the new system. The ambiguity caused honorary festivals to be held on either or both dates.
439:
ordered a further correction to the calendar method, resulting in the establishment of the modern
19:"Roman month" redirects here. For the unit of military contribution in the Holy Roman Empire, see
10952:
10839:
10789:
10576:
10423:
10054:
10034:
9974:
9964:
9954:
9360:
9049:
8949:
8929:
8844:
8834:
8539:
8479:
8459:
8171:
7610:
7479:
6897:
4902:
4565:
The original 31-day months of the Roman calendar were March, May, Quintilis or July, and October.
4250:
2525:
2508:
1939:
1871:
1819:
1589:
1144:
1124:
1007:
862:
515:
411:
7042:
244:, shortened most other months accordingly, and brought everything into rough alignment with the
10967:
10739:
10540:
10286:
10185:
10059:
10049:
9999:
9979:
9793:
9768:
9733:
9615:
9340:
8987:
8749:
8280:
7436:
7060:
6798:
6783:
6566:
6380:
4493:
4442:
2621:
2566:
2206:
1827:
1682:
1651:
1183:
1120:
1099:
These Pythagorean-based changes to the Roman calendar were generally credited by the Romans to
916:
898:
512:
481:
257:
167:
43:
27:
8046:
6162:
5647:
5600:
5575:
371:
kept Caesar out of the city for years at a time, the calendar was repeatedly left unadjusted.
35:
10341:
10029:
9959:
9783:
9535:
9335:
9330:
9127:
9034:
8959:
8922:
8907:
8882:
8862:
8764:
8075:
8070:
8063:
7837:
7299:
6723:
6215:
6104:
5480:
5381:
January. The cause of this change in the date of the elections was a rebellion in Hispania."
5295:
5149:
4642:
The 30-day months established by the Julian reform were April, June, September, and November.
4430:
4286:
4112:
4072:
4010:
4000:
3883:(February 21), or the Terminalia (February 23) rather than the intercalary or March kalends.
2489:
2480:
1993:
1854:
1806:
1620:
1057:
880:
364:
206:
136:
2503:
in the early imperial period, as practitioners and converts to eastern religions introduced
10774:
10715:
10691:
10686:
10039:
10004:
9693:
9560:
9460:
9385:
9250:
9213:
8589:
8253:
7944:
7827:
7652:
7560:
7178:
7072:
6988:
6807:, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 283, translated by Hooper, William Davis; et al.,
5030:
4473:
4404:
4290:
1973:
670:
9683:
2624:
attempted to add themselves to the calendar after Augustus, but without enduring success.
2265:, "permissible") on days when it was legal to initiate action in the courts of civil law (
1022:(368.75 days), which align every fourth year after two additions of an intercalary month (
640:
8:
10801:
10696:
10614:
10604:
10379:
10296:
10276:
10266:
10093:
9969:
9818:
9620:
9490:
9440:
8759:
8356:
8026:
7797:
7759:
7595:
7545:
7395:
7373:
7368:
7314:
7244:
7212:
4387:
1850:
1796:{\displaystyle {\frac {355\cdot 13+377\cdot 7+378\cdot 4}{24}}={\frac {8766}{24}}=365.25}
465:, containing the months of January, March, April, and December and a portion of February.
301:
but the calendar and its rituals were otherwise very conservatively maintained until the
198:
6753:
649:
10957:
10926:
10906:
10784:
10769:
10754:
10676:
10475:
10439:
10241:
10019:
9743:
9550:
9405:
9345:
9265:
9208:
9072:
8308:
8287:
8117:
7934:
7832:
7555:
7533:
7498:
7469:
7274:
7254:
6973:
6968:
6932:
6890:
6859:
6808:
6236:
4497:
4485:
4412:
4408:
4282:
4071:
and honorary consuls were sometimes elected or appointed but were not used in dating.)
4041:
2440:
2194:
2139:
2030:
2010:
1904:
617:
440:
253:
190:
159:
9658:
10734:
10530:
10525:
10369:
10205:
9653:
9505:
9260:
9220:
9198:
8406:
8107:
7974:
7969:
7715:
7667:
7605:
7585:
7400:
7351:
7321:
7259:
7222:
7217:
7163:
7126:
7067:
7037:
7032:
7027:
6958:
6709:
6513:
6500:
6450:
6405:
6196:
4481:
4421:
4395:
4246:
4168:
2395:
1977:
1430:
1312:
459:
436:
387:
84:
10931:
10880:
10796:
10744:
10520:
10498:
10364:
10261:
9718:
9678:
9610:
9545:
9470:
9465:
9237:
9160:
9107:
8902:
8897:
8786:
8645:
8594:
8554:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8504:
8426:
8373:
8366:
8351:
8346:
8270:
8198:
7954:
7694:
7684:
7580:
7385:
7380:
7309:
7269:
7249:
7239:
7195:
7121:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7055:
6983:
6963:
6787:
6731:
6361:
4500:, which refined the Julian system to bring it into still closer alignment with the
4489:
4172:
4116:
3959:
2541:
2373:
being prepared or offered but were acceptable for a period in the middle of the day
2229:, this idiom was sometimes abandoned in favor of again using the ablative of time.
2174:
2151:
2006:
1930:
1859:
1527:
1499:
1392:
1278:
824:
809:
788:
745:
508:
368:
344:
276:
178:
6062:
2377:
Each day was also marked by a letter from A to H to indicate its place within the
10864:
10829:
10816:
10779:
10726:
10584:
10479:
10413:
10374:
10211:
9813:
9625:
9605:
9565:
9500:
9450:
9445:
9320:
9270:
9178:
9012:
8992:
8912:
8361:
8186:
7984:
7979:
7910:
7774:
7739:
7689:
7647:
7565:
7550:
7486:
7474:
7464:
7410:
7341:
7331:
7264:
7227:
7168:
7131:
7084:
7079:
6703:
6699:
6631:
6616:
6605:
6528:
6494:
6484:, vol. 80, Philadelphia: American Philological Association, pp. 320â346
6308:
6166:
4897:
4830:
4448:
4435:
4425:
4400:
4367:
4355:
4327:
4087:
4029:
3779:
2593:
2573:
2504:
2485:
2448:
2414:
2190:
1841:
1558:
1386:
1179:
981:
844:
739:
700:
611:
579:
575:
260:
202:
182:
151:
108:
7538:
4016:
As mentioned above, Rome's legendary 10-month calendar notionally lasted for 304
10764:
10562:
10550:
10494:
10489:
10483:
10331:
10256:
9868:
9510:
9245:
9193:
9165:
9112:
9097:
9077:
8892:
8824:
8814:
8640:
8614:
8544:
8529:
8494:
8454:
8215:
7949:
7807:
7657:
7615:
7590:
7528:
7523:
7446:
7431:
7405:
7358:
7336:
7326:
7232:
7200:
7185:
7153:
7136:
7104:
6978:
6937:
6927:
6226:
6211:
4825:
4539:
4347:
4343:
4294:
4270:
4068:
4060:
3890:
When it was thought necessary to add (every two years) an intercalary month of
2617:
2613:
2514:
2389:
2378:
2147:
1950:
1493:
1420:
1100:
995:
965:
953:
944:
803:
760:
656:
603:
559:
527:
484:
451:
428:
383:
360:
314:
306:
294:
272:
229:
170:
163:
112:
104:
1867:
in 46 BC. This was undertaken by a group of scholars apparently including the
324:
show the civil calendar had varied from the solar year by an entire season in
10946:
10681:
10599:
10594:
10545:
10535:
10175:
9400:
9370:
9285:
8819:
8796:
8609:
8464:
8449:
8396:
8203:
7677:
7630:
7620:
7575:
7570:
7415:
7390:
7363:
7304:
7287:
7158:
7141:
7022:
6993:
6764:
6355:
6300:
6250:
5112:
5077:
4808:
4501:
4362:
BC. Beyond that, dates are roughly known based on clues such as the dates of
4186:). There is reason to believe the inauguration date had been May 1during the
4179:
4120:
4063:, from 509 BC, years were most commonly described in terms of their reigning
4052:
2562:
2521:
1864:
1846:
1140:
1116:
1108:
1052:
1045:
1019:
684:
432:
378:
in 46 BC, coincidentally making the year of his third consulship last for 446
375:
352:
302:
119:
115:
100:
8058:
4687:
3974:
Although there are many stories to interpret the intercalation, a period of
659:. The months were kept in alignment with the moon, however, by counting the
10759:
10557:
10271:
10246:
10231:
10197:
10157:
9878:
9738:
9183:
9132:
9087:
9082:
8934:
8744:
8630:
8574:
8569:
8341:
8225:
8159:
8014:
7989:
7864:
7792:
7282:
4848:
4238:). Under the Julian calendar, the year began on January 1 but years of the
4080:
4064:
4048:
2432:
2339:
1965:
1918:
1459:
1131:'s account claims he ended the former chaos of the calendar by employing 12
1089:
973:
782:
688:
681:
595:
310:
298:
283:
280:
133:
6864:
4302:
show the calendar four months out of alignment with the Julian date in 190
3937:
There is another theory which says that in intercalary years February had
313:, to claim that he had observed the new moon, and to offer a sacrifice to
10459:
10356:
10318:
10301:
10236:
10217:
10150:
10130:
9673:
9295:
9117:
9007:
8401:
7994:
7920:
7889:
7884:
7802:
7292:
6841:, translated by Mackail, John William, London: Longmans, Green, & Co.
6705:
The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine: Time, History, and the Fasti
6607:
The Fourteen Books of Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus on Agriculture
6155:, vol. X, New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911, pp. 192â193
5162:
4477:
4266:
4258:
4143:
4056:
3912:
3851:
3816:
2554:
2500:
2436:
1989:
1969:
1914:
1347:
1229:
1152:
1029:
1011:
578:
invariably date their practices based on suitable conditions or upon the
492:
20:
7640:
6640:, translated by Bostock, John; et al., London: Taylor & Francis
6012:
10226:
10221:
10116:
9898:
9838:
9803:
9595:
9530:
9520:
9415:
9300:
9188:
8771:
8739:
8484:
8411:
8243:
8238:
8009:
8004:
7939:
7929:
7924:
7749:
7114:
6551:
6365:
6260:
6245:
5188:
5072:
5022:
4803:
4453:
4128:
4104:
4021:
3876:
3839:
2581:
2558:
2496:
2476:
2468:
2226:
1981:
1943:
1868:
1318:
1093:
1015:
1003:
696:
692:
623:
555:
504:
415:
356:
245:
241:
8128:
6269:, translated by Maude, William, New York: Cambridge Encyclopedia Press
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4354:âare used to generate contested chronologies back to the start of the
4326:
BC owing to its misalignment. Even following the establishment of the
4040:
doubled in length every fourth year, almost equivalent to the present
3775:) owing to their special status as particularly unlucky "black days".
961:) would come before March (which was named for Mars, the god of war).
546:. She considers that this more sensibly accounts for later legends of
220:
10916:
10896:
10629:
10589:
10326:
10135:
9928:
9923:
9883:
9808:
9778:
9758:
9635:
9575:
9485:
9435:
9430:
9355:
9315:
9203:
9173:
8982:
8857:
8650:
8534:
8509:
8388:
8087:
8051:
8019:
7915:
7894:
7874:
6998:
6466:
People, Personal Expression, and Social Relations in Late Antiquity,
6429:
6414:
6290:
6275:
5340:
5026:
4879:
4607:, to stand for "Permissible when the King Has Entered the Comitium" (
4514:
4239:
4108:
3899:
2627:
In classical Latin, the days of each month were usually reckoned as:
2601:
2456:
2358:
2232:
The kalends were the day for payment of debts and the account books (
2143:
1985:
1426:
1242:
1175:
1159:
999:
969:
857:
766:
665:
571:
543:
237:
194:
76:
6600:
6000:
5988:
5316:
5088:
5039:
217:
10911:
10749:
10393:
10306:
9888:
9873:
9863:
9848:
9763:
9753:
9723:
9713:
9708:
9698:
9600:
9515:
9395:
9380:
9310:
9290:
9280:
9275:
9255:
9054:
8635:
8599:
8489:
8416:
8248:
8082:
7879:
6913:
6821:
6663:
6646:
6024:
5522:
4966:
4866:
4526:
4351:
4037:
3784:
2569:
2511:
2424:
2410:
2242:
2135:
2033:
forward to the next one of three principal days within each month:
1934:
1875:
1128:
939:
911:
893:
706:
660:
488:
477:
395:
186:
122:
96:
80:
7635:
5693:
5207:
4492:, which usually dated the Roman months in the simple count of the
2311:) on days when political and judicial activities were prohibited (
2130:
day of hollow ones, one day earlier than the middle of each month.
1035:
According to Livy, it was Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome
10921:
10145:
10140:
9908:
9903:
9893:
9858:
9853:
9843:
9788:
9773:
9590:
9585:
9570:
9540:
9495:
9475:
9455:
9410:
9142:
8997:
8776:
8584:
8579:
8469:
6289:
4363:
3880:
2597:
2592:("purifications, expiatory offerings"), whose name may be either
2428:
2401:
2038:
2024:
1104:
1069:
977:
949:
875:
677:
547:
523:
174:
139:
53:
6585:
6036:
5510:
4346:
and a few known synchronismsâe.g., a Roman date in terms of the
3934:
days (making 377 for the year) or 28 (making 378 for the year).
554:
and the great irregularity in Italian month lengths recorded in
511:. Given the seasonal aspects of the calendar and its associated
9918:
9798:
9728:
9668:
9663:
9630:
9390:
9375:
9325:
9305:
8727:
8604:
8499:
6832:
6817:
6351:
5546:
5124:
4861:
4335:
4164:
2529:
2460:
2001:
839:
591:
567:
495:
is about 29.5 days long, such months would have varied between
264:
6480:(1949), "The 'Calendar of Numa' and the Pre-Julian Calendar",
6110:
2620:
or derive from archaic terms for "senior" and "junior". A few
2173:
The days of the month were expressed in early Latin using the
10346:
10085:
9703:
9425:
9152:
8444:
7869:
6296:
Of Husbandry in Twelve Books and His Book Concerning Trees...
6274:
5606:
4843:
4417:
4249:, some provinces maintained their records using a local era.
4100:
4076:
3922:
2444:
2248:
1284:
998:
was quite different. It had twelve months, already including
958:
755:
734:
599:
563:
143:
6882:
6679:, Loeb Classical Library, translated by Perrin, Bernadotte,
1162:, the beginning of the consular year changed from March to 1
10280:
10162:
9913:
9480:
9420:
9002:
8378:
7999:
6562:
6547:
6391:
6376:
4575:
4299:
4195:
4005:
2455:
along the cycle. As a day when the city swelled with rural
2418:
2205:). This anomaly may have followed the treatment of days in
2197:, and took the form "6th day before the December Kalends" (
1997:
1964:
In large part, this calendar continued unchanged under the
1465:
1171:
1112:
819:
798:
539:
321:
291:
173:. In particular, the most important days of each monthâits
155:
4595:
The QRCF days are sometimes supposed, on the basis of the
4276:
2177:, denoting points in time, in the contracted form "the 6th
1532:
Fifth Month (from the earlier calendar starting in March)
1051:
The inequality between the lunar year of 355 days and the
10180:
8474:
5669:
4956:
4954:
4718:
4338:, which permit an established chronology back to about 58
777:
147:
6571:, translated by Kline, Anthony S., Poetry in Translation
5982:, 20.28, tr. William Maude, New York 1900, available at
4990:
4988:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4020:
days but was usually thought to make up the rest of the
1809:
used by the Romans to date their years began in 509 BC.
1078:
being inserted between February 23 and the start of the
394:
days. The Julian calendar was designed to have a single
1086:
Hebrew calendar § Rosh Hashanah postponement rules
6831:
6797:
6774:
RealencyclopÀdie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
6630:
5681:
5534:
5498:
5486:
4951:
4939:
4138:(r. 189 BC) wrote a commentary on the calendar at his
2092:
daysâi.e. the ninth dayâbefore the Ides in every month
938:
Other traditions existed alongside this one, however.
676:
Later Roman writers usually credited this calendar to
398:
every fourth year by repeating February 24 (a doubled
166:. This fixed calendar bore traces of its origin as an
49:, a painted wall-calendar from the late Roman Republic
5443:
5441:
5439:
5328:
5100:
5051:
4985:
4780:
3915:
began on the second day after February 23 and, in 167
2225:
once it moved to the beginning of the expression. In
1731:
343:
or before, control of intercalation was given to the
16:
Calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic
6872:"Theological commentary on the daily Gospel Reading"
6867:
The North American Institute of Living Latin Studies
6538:
The Period Anterior to the Abolition of the Monarchy
6122:
4377:
3850:) formed the second part; and the intercalary month
2439:, and some other parts of Roman territory. By Roman
582:, with only occasional supplementary mention of the
271:
system later credited to Numa during the kingdom or
10661:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
6854:
Chris Bennett's reconstruction of early Roman dates
6225:
6176:
6168:
Latin Syntax, Chiefly from the German of C.G. Zumpt
6067:
6061:, 6.13, tr. Roland Kent, London 1938, available at
5412:
5384:
5213:
4927:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4480:, which continued the unique months of that land's
586:of their times until the 4th or 5th century author
6816:
6782:
5436:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
1795:
6527:
6313:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic
5424:
5306:
5006:
4770:
4708:
2447:included a column giving every day of the year a
1214:
1211:
1208:
655:). These "304" days made up exactly 38
75:, with the seventh and eighth months still named
10944:
6357:MĂ©langes de l'Ăcole Française de Rome: AntiquitĂ©
4730:
3871:and bearing the normal festivals of such dates.
2405:), showing its nundinal letters on the left side
695:considered him to have borrowed the system from
558:. Roman works on agriculture including those of
6210:
6189:Le Calendrier Romain: Recherches Chronologiques
6186:
5699:
5244:
382:days. This new Julian calendar was an entirely
6728:Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic
6610:, translated by Owen, Thomas, London: J. White
5068:
5066:
4281:The continuity of names from the Roman to the
4175:, before which they had occurred on March 15 (
2287:days during which the Roman people could hold
631:
236:that divided winter between the two months of
201:formally proclaimed each of these days on the
10101:
8144:
6898:
6171:, Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown
6096:
6094:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5222:
6693:(in Latin), Milan: SocietĂ Editrice Libraria
6445:, No. 510, translated by Kaster, Robert A.,
5141:
5139:
4513:Two days in a row were given the same date.
2427:were the market days which formed a kind of
2154:. The day before each was known as its eve (
6708:, translated by Richardson, D.M.B., Wiley,
6342:A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
5639:
5637:
5063:
4609:
4601:
4580:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4177:
4149:
4085:
3919:BC, it began on the day after February 23.
3865:
3857:
3844:
3832:
3801:
3793:
3769:
3761:
2606:
2586:
2534:
2475:sometimes exploited this fact as a kind of
2363:
2351:
2313:
2293:
2267:
2234:
2219:
2211:
2199:
2183:
2164:
2156:
2146:. The kalends of each month were sacred to
2116:
2108:
2100:
2074:
2066:
2052:
2044:
1955:
1923:
1917:had Caesar's birth month Quintilis renamed
1889:
1881:
1079:
1073:
1062:
1023:
711:interpretation by late Republican writers.
704:
647:
638:
615:
457:
419:
405:
399:
336:
214:
59:
41:
10108:
10094:
8151:
8137:
8103:
6905:
6891:
6876:Apostolic Movement (Roman Catholic Church)
6518:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6349:
6259:
6201:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6144:
6091:
5828:
5826:
5504:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5285:
5219:
4693:
4517:continued well into the sixteenth century.
4289:allows general certainty of years back to
4198:mentions earlier inaugurations on May 15 (
3962:. It led to the reform of the 191 BC
3886:The third-century writer Censorinus says:
2467:) in advance of its coming to a vote. The
1092:superstitions concerning the luckiness of
26:For the Catholic liturgical calendar, see
6482:Transactions & Proceedings of the APA
6471:, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
6463:
6100:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5476:
5136:
4334:particularly the speeches and letters of
4310:BC. Thus, "the year of the consulship of
4306:BC and two months out of alignment in 168
225:, the 6th day before the March kalends.)
162:âand ending with religious rituals and a
10656:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
6722:
6352:"Ă Propos de la CarriĂšre de Cn. Flavius"
6053:
6051:
5675:
5634:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5584:
4538:This equivalence was first described by
4265:38. This dating system continued as the
4142:that claimed January had been named for
4121:those based on Diocletian's persecutions
4004:
2631:Days of the month in the Roman Calendar
2388:
2138:, the nones occurring on the day of the
583:
450:
57:Another reproduction of the fragmentary
52:
34:
8158:
6763:
6751:
6688:
6531:(1864), Dickson, William Purdie (ed.),
6489:
6476:
6390:
6350:Lanfranchi, Thibaud (October 3, 2013),
6344:, London: John Murray, pp. 223â233
6177:Blackburn, Bonnie; et al. (1999),
6128:
6116:
6073:
5823:
5540:
5492:
5453:
5358:
5346:
4960:
4945:
4933:
4791:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4724:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4277:Conversion to Julian or Gregorian dates
4119:used various Christian eras, including
2170:) was considered particularly unlucky.
1147:âand a biennial intercalary month of 22
499:. Twelve such months would have fallen
471:
160:counted inclusively in the Roman manner
10945:
6662:
6428:
6307:
6244:
5558:
5447:
5418:
5334:
5259:
5130:
5106:
5057:
4994:
4253:dated its records sequentially from 39
2246:. The public Roman calendars were the
2240:) kept for them gave English its word
989:
487:whose months ended and began from the
87:("INTER") in the far right-hand column
10089:
8132:
6886:
6739:
6698:
6561:
6413:
6319:
6048:
6018:
6006:
5994:
5687:
5659:
5624:
5581:
5552:
5528:
5430:
5402:
5322:
5300:
5291:
5145:
5118:
5094:
5045:
4979:
4745:
2337:(uncertain) on days when the "king" (
1703:
1217:
928:
407:ante diem bis sextum Kalendas Martias
263:and other activities in their proper
6645:
6602:Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius
6587:Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius
6160:
5643:
5596:
5571:
5275:
5234:
4751:
4554:
3821:The Republican calendar only had 355
2612:("to open"). May and June may honor
2505:Hellenistic and Babylonian astrology
1119:centuries before its development by
1006:during the winter. It also followed
480:is usually believed to have been an
6838:The Eclogues and Georgics of Virgil
6335:
5034:
4059:was common in antiquity. Under the
3907:have been generally correct. In 170
3343:ante diem septimum decimum Kalendas
622:, "proclaimed festivals") like the
414:, the priests mistakenly added the
154:, each forming a kind of eight-day
13:
10455:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
6878:(in English, French, and Spanish).
6496:The Calendar of the Roman Republic
4312:Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
3902:says that the Romans intercalated
3449:ante diem tertium decimum Kalendas
3423:ante diem quartum decimum Kalendas
3397:ante diem quintum decimum Kalendas
1976:, which Augustus had adapted from
197:respectively. To a late date, the
128:According to most Roman accounts,
111:established by the reforms of the
14:
10979:
6847:
6615:
6580:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
6291:Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella
6276:Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella
6181:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
5516:
4542:in his history of ancient Greece.
3371:ante diem sextum decimum Kalendas
3315:ante diem duodevicesimum Kalendas
2142:, and the ides on the day of the
2126:day of "full months" and the 13th
1895:âbefore the kalends of December.
1814:
598:, continued to be the focus of a
431:had shifted so far away from the
232:was then usually credited with a
8113:
8112:
8102:
6546:
6375:
6330:, Chicago: University of Chicago
6179:The Oxford Companion to the Year
6042:
6030:
5612:
5390:
4380:
3810:
3388:
3359:
3350:
3328:
3297:
3287:ante diem undevicesimum Kalendas
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2596:or preserve an archaic word for
2325:(uncertain) on public holidays (
1978:their wandering ancient calendar
1940:Julian calendar: Leap year error
1898:
1835:
600:prestigious dedicated priesthood
526:of trees), animal behavior (the
374:Victorious in civil war, Caesar
328:and was still two months off in
10337:English and British regnal year
7965:English and British regnal year
6856:in terms of the Julian calendar
6315:, New York: Macmillan & Co.
6266:De Die Natali ("The Natal Day")
6079:
5972:
5959:
5940:
5921:
5902:
5883:
5864:
5845:
5800:
5781:
5762:
5743:
5724:
5705:
5368:
5269:
5181:
5155:
5121:, Book I, Ch. 12, §§5 & 38.
5016:
4909:
4891:
4873:
4855:
4837:
4819:
4663:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4589:
4568:
4545:
4532:
4520:
4079:. After the institution of the
3524:The 10th day before the Kalends
3498:The 11th day before the Kalends
3472:The 12th day before the Kalends
3446:The 13th day before the Kalends
3420:The 14th day before the Kalends
3394:The 15th day before the Kalends
3368:The 16th day before the Kalends
3340:The 17th day before the Kalends
3312:The 18th day before the Kalends
3284:The 19th day before the Kalends
2201:ante diem VI Kalendas Decembres
1996:formally established the 7-day
1929:) in his honor. After Antony's
1107:'s successor and the second of
538:) combined with observation of
252:. This is a typical element of
185:âseem to have derived from the
10115:
6860:Early Roman Calendar â History
6430:Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius
6415:Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius
6086:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
4797:
4507:
4472:The term does not include the
4466:
3925:, writing in the first century
3706:The 3rd day before the Kalends
3680:The 4th day before the Kalends
3654:The 5th day before the Kalends
3628:The 6th day before the Kalends
3602:The 7th day before the Kalends
3576:The 8th day before the Kalends
3550:The 9th day before the Kalends
256:and was necessary to keep the
1:
10450:Old Style and New Style dates
6912:
6746:, New York: American Book Co.
4676:
4129:the supposed age of the world
3732:On the day before the Kalends
3475:ante diem duodecimum Kalendas
1433:Apru might have been derived
1198:
1191:
1048:, Rome's first code of law.)
994:The attested calendar of the
288:establishment of the Republic
67:
10402:Pre-Julian / Julian
8723:Frontiers and fortifications
6758:, London: J. & R. Tonson
6743:A Greek Grammar for Colleges
6740:Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920),
6691:Leges Publicae Populi Romani
6464:Mathieson, Ralph W. (2003),
6449:: Harvard University Press,
4681:
4242:cycle began on September 1.
3964:Acilian Law on Intercalation
3863:and the other picking up at
3730:
3704:
3678:
3652:
3626:
3600:
3574:
3548:
3522:
3501:ante diem undecimum Kalendas
3496:
3470:
3444:
3418:
3392:
3366:
3338:
3310:
3282:
3243:
3217:
3191:
3165:
3139:
3113:
3087:
3061:
3035:
2996:
2970:
2944:
2920:The 3rd day before the Nones
2918:
2894:The 4th day before the Nones
2892:
2868:The 5th day before the Nones
2866:
2842:The 6th day before the Nones
2840:
2801:
2775:
2459:, they were overseen by the
2195:expressed a duration of time
2084:day of "full months" and 5th
2058:), the 1st day of each month
1947:Lex Pacuvia de Mense Augusto
1060:and in a normal year it was
551:
129:
125:in the late 1st century BC.
7:
10635:Geological history of Earth
10505:Astronomical year numbering
8782:Decorations and punishments
6491:Michels, Agnes Kirsopp Lake
6478:Michels, Agnes Kirsopp Lake
6336:Key, Thomas Hewitt (1875),
4373:
4055:is uncertain but dating by
3737:
3734:
3731:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3607:
3605:ante diem septimum Kalendas
3604:
3601:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3249:
3244:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3172:
3169:
3167:The 3rd day before the Ides
3166:
3146:
3143:
3141:The 4th day before the Ides
3140:
3120:
3117:
3115:The 5th day before the Ides
3114:
3094:
3091:
3089:The 6th day before the Ides
3088:
3068:
3065:
3063:The 7th day before the Ides
3062:
3042:
3039:
3037:The 8th day before the Ides
3036:
3002:
2997:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2951:
2948:
2946:On the day before the Nones
2945:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2807:
2802:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2657:Months before Julian reform
2343:) could convene an assembly
1865:reformation of the calendar
1190:Roman Republican calendar (
632:Legendary 10-month calendar
317:to solemnize each kalends.
275:under the influence of the
10:
10984:
9689:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
8264:historiography of the fall
6811:: Harvard University Press
6789:Rerum Rusticarum Libri III
6765:Wissowa, Georg Otto August
6734:: Cornell University Press
6689:Rotondi, Giovanni (1912),
6683:: Harvard University Press
6239:: Harvard University Press
6137:
6033:, Book XLIII, Ch. 11, §13.
6021:, Book I, Ch. 13, §16, 19.
5214:Blackburn & al. (1999)
4140:Temple of Hercules Musarum
4009:A fragment of an imperial
3998:
3814:
3709:ante diem tertium Kalendas
3683:ante diem quartum Kalendas
3657:ante diem quintum Kalendas
3579:ante diem octavum Kalendas
3527:ante diem decimum Kalendas
3193:On the day before the Ides
2700:Months after Julian reform
2600:. April may relate to the
2408:
2022:
1902:
1839:
446:
25:
18:
10889:
10873:
10857:
10815:
10807:Thermoluminescence dating
10725:
10714:
10702:Samariumâneodymium dating
10669:
10648:
10622:
10613:
10575:
10513:
10468:
10432:
10401:
10392:
10355:
10317:
10196:
10171:
10123:
10070:External wars and battles
9937:
9831:
9644:
9236:
9229:
9151:
9063:
8968:
8843:
8795:
8673:
8623:
8562:
8553:
8435:
8387:
8307:
8224:
8194:
8185:
8167:
8098:
8039:
7903:
7857:
7846:
7816:
7773:
7708:
7511:
7457:
7424:
7018:
7007:
6946:
6920:
6578:Oxford English Dictionary
6541:, London: Richard Bentley
5193:Dictionary.com Unabridged
5167:Dictionary.com Unabridged
5133:, pp. 137 & 155.
4611:Quando Rex Comitiavit Fas
4247:Egypt's separate calendar
3898:The fifth-century writer
3631:ante diem sextum Kalendas
2804:The day after the Kalends
2698:
2655:
2635:
2604:goddess Apru or the verb
2547:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1257:
1248:
1235:
1222:
728:
725:
722:
719:
610:, there remained several
607:
233:
132:was established by their
10521:Chinese sexagenary cycle
6752:Stanyan, Temple (1707),
6657:] (in Ancient Greek)
6304:, anonymous translation.
6187:Brind'Amour, P. (1983),
6152:Encyclopaedia Britannica
5307:Mommsen & al. (1864)
5007:Mommsen & al. (1864)
4771:Mommsen & al. (1864)
4709:Mommsen & al. (1864)
4459:
4318:" (usually given as "205
4316:Publius Licinius Crassus
3994:
3799:in the old calendar but
3553:ante diem nonum Kalendas
2561:; July and August honor
2499:began to be observed in
2399:for the month of April (
2384:
349:active political leaders
347:butâas these were often
309:was obliged to meet the
10963:Culture of ancient Rome
10735:Amino acid racemisation
10065:RomanâIranian relations
8540:Optimates and populares
7033:Assamese (BhÄshkarÄbda)
6163:"Of the Roman Calendar"
6045:, Book XLV, Ch. 44, §3.
4494:ancient Greek calendars
3787:'s birthday on the 23rd
3066:ante diem septimum Idus
2999:The day after the Nones
2923:ante diem tertium Nonas
2897:ante diem quartum Nonas
2871:ante diem quintum Nonas
2565:and his successor, the
2185:VI Kalendis Decembribus
2162:); the day after each (
2018:
1139:daysâthe length of the
964:Rome's 8-day week, the
284:Southern Italian Greeks
130:their original calendar
10740:Archaeomagnetic dating
10252:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
10075:Civil wars and revolts
9341:Sextus Pompeius Festus
8988:Conflict of the Orders
8347:Legislative assemblies
8064:Dungeons & Dragons
7470:Ethiopian and Eritrean
6833:Publius Vergilius Maro
6818:Publius Vergilius Maro
6799:Marcus Terentius Varro
6784:Marcus Terentius Varro
6724:Scullard, Howard Hayes
6632:Gaius Plinius Secundus
6617:Gaius Plinius Secundus
6443:Loeb Classical Library
6161:Beck, Charles (1838),
6009:, Book I, Ch. 13, §15.
5997:, Book I, Ch. 13, §12.
5519:, Book XVIII, Ch. 211.
5325:, Book I, Ch. 12, §34.
5097:, Book I, Ch. 13, §20.
5048:, Book I, Ch. 12, §39.
4610:
4602:
4581:
4445:of the Catholic Church
4443:General Roman Calendar
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4178:
4150:
4086:
4075:were displayed on the
4013:
3896:
3866:
3858:
3845:
3833:
3802:
3794:
3770:
3762:
3246:The day after the Ides
3170:ante diem tertium Idus
3144:ante diem quartum Idus
3118:ante diem quintum Idus
3040:ante diem octavum Idus
2845:ante diem sextum Nonas
2607:
2587:
2535:
2406:
2364:
2352:
2314:
2294:
2268:
2235:
2220:
2212:
2200:
2184:
2165:
2157:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2075:
2067:
2053:
2045:
1956:
1924:
1911:Caesar's assassination
1890:
1882:
1797:
1080:
1074:
1063:
1028:), sometimes known as
1024:
968:, was shared with the
705:
648:
639:
616:
466:
458:
437:Pope Gregory XIII
420:
412:Caesar's assassination
406:
400:
337:
215:
142:. It consisted of ten
88:
61:Fasti Antiates Maiores
60:
50:
44:Fasti Antiates Maiores
42:
39:A reproduction of the
28:General Roman Calendar
10640:Geological time units
9784:Simplicius of Cilicia
9536:Quintus Curtius Rufus
8765:Siege in Ancient Rome
8374:Executive magistrates
8076:The Lord of the Rings
7783:HankeâHenry Permanent
6865:Roman Date Calculator
6568:On the Roman Calendar
6534:The History of Rome,
6320:Grout, James (2023),
6059:On the Latin language
5531:, Book I, Ch. 14, §2.
5407:Book II, Introduction
5349:, Book I, Ch. 19, §6.
4982:, Book I, Ch. 12, §3.
4431:List of Roman consuls
4287:list of Roman consuls
4051:before and under the
4008:
4001:List of Roman consuls
3888:
3791:day of September was
3092:ante diem sextum Idus
2481:tribunes of the plebs
2392:
2217:with the preposition
2088:day of hollow ones, 8
1807:list of Roman consuls
1798:
1346:Intercalaris Mensis (
454:
376:reformed the calendar
56:
38:
10692:Law of superposition
10687:Isotope geochemistry
9794:Stephanus Byzantinus
9699:Eusebius of Caesaria
9561:Sidonius Apollinaris
9251:Ammianus Marcellinus
8590:Tribune of the plebs
6673:The Parallel Lives,
6563:Publius Ovidius Naso
6548:Publius Ovidius Naso
6327:Encyclopaedia Romana
6322:"The Roman Calendar"
5629:Book I, Introduction
5615:, Book I, ll. 55â56.
4474:Alexandrian calendar
4230:), and December 15 (
4125:Christ's incarnation
1974:Alexandrian calendar
1828:App. Claudius Caecus
1729:
1158:According to Livy's
1135:months totalling 354
929:Length of the year:
715:Calendar of Romulus
472:Prehistoric calendar
228:Romulus's successor
213:February was called
10825:Fluorine absorption
10802:Luminescence dating
10697:Luminescence dating
10605:Milankovitch cycles
10445:Proleptic Gregorian
10277:Hindu units of time
9970:Distinguished women
9621:Velleius Paterculus
9461:Nicolaus Damascenus
9441:Marcellus Empiricus
8830:Republican currency
7788:International Fixed
7726:Proleptic Gregorian
7347:Slavic Native Faith
6637:The Natural History
6397:The History of Rome
6227:Marcus Porcius Cato
6212:Marcus Porcius Cato
6191:(in French), Ottawa
5702:, pp. 256â275.
4727:, pp. 323â324.
4413:Gregorian calendars
4388:Ancient Rome portal
4368:religious festivals
4161:Q. Fulvius Nobilior
4136:M. Fulvius Nobilior
3879:(February 17), the
3859:a.d. VII Kal. Mart.
3834:a.d. VII Kal. Mart.
3795:a.d. VIII Kal. Oct.
2756:Day name in English
2632:
2181:December Kalends" (
2031:counted inclusively
1857:and in his role as
1205:
1081:mensis intercalaris
1064:a.d. VII Kal. Mart.
1025:mensis intercalaris
1014:of 29.5 days and a
990:Republican calendar
716:
530:of birds), and the
476:The original Roman
455:The remains of the
254:lunisolar calendars
199:College of Pontiffs
10927:Terminus post quem
10907:Synchronoptic view
10874:Linguistic methods
10835:Obsidian hydration
10770:Radiometric dating
10755:Incremental dating
10677:Chronostratigraphy
9744:Phlegon of Tralles
9551:Seneca the Younger
9025:Naming conventions
8755:Personal equipment
8288:Later Roman Empire
7458:Christian variants
6668:"The Life of Numa"
6622:Historia Naturalis
6402:Everyman's Library
6366:10.4000/mefra.1322
5700:Brind'Amour (1983)
4599:which gives it as
4498:Gregorian calendar
4490:later Roman Empire
4486:Byzantine calendar
4283:Gregorian calendar
4036:days long, with a
4014:
3867:a.d. VI Kal. Mart.
3846:a.d. VI Kal. Mart.
3763:a.d. XIV Kal. Apr.
2809:postridie Kalendas
2630:
2441:inclusive counting
2407:
2393:A fragment of the
2140:first-quarter moon
1984:began the 15-year
1905:Byzantine calendar
1883:Intercalaris Prior
1793:
1340:Intercalary Month
1189:
1109:Rome's seven kings
714:
618:feriae conceptivae
532:agricultural cycle
467:
441:Gregorian calendar
248:by some system of
191:first-quarter moon
89:
51:
10940:
10939:
10853:
10852:
10710:
10709:
10571:
10570:
10526:Geologic Calendar
10388:
10387:
10083:
10082:
10045:Pontifices maximi
9827:
9826:
9684:Diogenes Laërtius
9506:Pliny the Younger
9261:Asconius Pedianus
9221:Romance languages
9093:Civil engineering
8835:Imperial currency
8708:Political control
8669:
8668:
8303:
8302:
8126:
8125:
8108:List of calendars
8035:
8034:
7734:historiographical
7601:French Republican
7507:
7506:
7265:Manipuri (Meitei)
6715:978-0-470-65508-5
6553:Fastorum Libri VI
6408:on April 29, 2017
6360:, vol. 125,
5690:, pp. 26â27.
5678:, pp. 44â45.
5555:, Book I, Ch. 12.
5505:Lanfranchi (2013)
5195:. Randomhouse Inc
5169:. Randomhouse Inc
4422:menologia rustica
4396:List of calendars
4291:the establishment
3968:Roman magistrates
3803:a.d. IX Kal. Oct.
3757:
3756:
2759:Day name in Latin
2751:
2744:
2737:
2724:
2713:
2694:
2687:
2670:
2584:or its eponymous
2542:dominical letters
2396:Fasti Praenestini
2273:, "allowed days")
2029:Roman dates were
1972:used the related
1949:renamed Sextilis
1785:
1772:
1720:
1719:
1429:â from which the
1313:Mensis Februarius
1264:
1255:
1246:
1233:
1125:Greek astronomers
1075:dies intercalaris
936:
935:
828:Mensis Quinctilis
534:(the ripening of
460:Fasti Praenestini
410:) but, following
295:began to be dated
85:intercalary month
10975:
10932:ASPRO chronology
10881:Glottochronology
10797:Tephrochronology
10745:Dendrochronology
10723:
10722:
10620:
10619:
10419:Proleptic Julian
10409:Pre-Julian Roman
10399:
10398:
10194:
10193:
10110:
10103:
10096:
10087:
10086:
10035:Magistri equitum
9950:Cities and towns
9943:
9869:Constantinopolis
9679:Diodorus Siculus
9611:Valerius Maximus
9546:Seneca the Elder
9466:Nonius Marcellus
9234:
9233:
8787:Hippika gymnasia
8750:Infantry tactics
8656:Consular tribune
8646:Magister equitum
8595:Military tribune
8560:
8559:
8520:Pontifex maximus
8515:Princeps senatus
8505:Magister militum
8271:Byzantine Empire
8192:
8191:
8153:
8146:
8139:
8130:
8129:
8116:
8115:
8106:
8105:
7970:Human (Holocene)
7955:Chinese Imperial
7855:
7854:
7775:Reform proposals
7730:Proleptic Julian
7492:Eastern Orthodox
7122:Germanic heathen
7100:Earthly Branches
7016:
7015:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6842:
6827:
6812:
6793:
6778:
6759:
6747:
6735:
6718:
6694:
6684:
6658:
6641:
6626:
6611:
6596:
6581:
6572:
6557:
6542:
6529:Mommsen, Theodor
6523:
6517:
6509:
6485:
6472:
6459:
6424:
6409:
6386:
6372:
6368:
6345:
6331:
6316:
6309:Fowler, W. Warde
6303:
6285:
6270:
6255:
6240:
6221:
6206:
6200:
6192:
6182:
6172:
6156:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6101:Mathieson (2003)
6098:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6055:
6046:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5963:
5957:
5955:
5944:
5938:
5936:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5830:
5821:
5819:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5785:
5779:
5777:
5766:
5760:
5758:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5673:
5667:
5657:
5651:
5641:
5632:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5594:
5579:
5569:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5490:
5484:
5477:Mathieson (2003)
5474:
5451:
5445:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5372:
5366:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5304:
5298:
5289:
5283:
5273:
5267:
5257:
5242:
5232:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5185:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5159:
5153:
5143:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5086:
5070:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5020:
5014:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4983:
4977:
4964:
4958:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4925:
4913:
4907:
4895:
4889:
4877:
4871:
4859:
4853:
4841:
4835:
4823:
4817:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4778:
4768:
4749:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4706:
4700:
4691:
4670:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4605:
4597:Fasti Viae Lanza
4593:
4587:
4584:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4470:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4361:
4341:
4325:
4321:
4309:
4305:
4264:
4256:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4173:Celtiberian Wars
4158:
4153:
4117:Byzantine Empire
4115:subjects of the
4098:
4097:
4091:
4077:public calendars
4065:ordinary consuls
4042:Gregorian system
4035:
4027:
4019:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3960:Second Punic War
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3933:
3928:
3918:
3910:
3905:
3893:
3869:
3861:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3805:
3797:
3790:
3773:
3765:
3348:
3320:
3292:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2712:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2669:
2660:
2633:
2629:
2610:
2590:
2579:
2538:
2466:
2454:
2381:of market days.
2367:
2355:
2317:
2297:
2271:
2238:
2223:
2215:
2203:
2193:, which usually
2187:
2180:
2175:ablative of time
2168:
2160:
2150:and the ides to
2129:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2056:
2048:
2007:Byzantine Empire
1961:) in his honor.
1959:
1931:defeat at Actium
1927:
1893:
1885:
1860:pontifex maximus
1849:, following his
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1733:
1590:Mensis September
1528:Mensis Quintilis
1279:Mensis Ianuarius
1262:
1253:
1240:
1227:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1169:
1165:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1083:
1077:
1066:
1043:
1038:
1027:
863:Mensis September
825:Mensis Quintilis
717:
713:
710:
653:
644:
621:
509:Islamic calendar
502:
498:
463:
423:
409:
403:
393:
386:, influenced by
381:
345:pontifex maximus
342:
335:
331:
327:
234:revised calendar
224:
212:
74:
72:
69:
63:
47:
10983:
10982:
10978:
10977:
10976:
10974:
10973:
10972:
10943:
10942:
10941:
10936:
10885:
10869:
10865:Molecular clock
10858:Genetic methods
10849:
10830:Nitrogen dating
10817:Relative dating
10811:
10780:Potassiumâargon
10727:Absolute dating
10717:
10706:
10665:
10644:
10609:
10585:Cosmic Calendar
10577:Astronomic time
10567:
10509:
10464:
10428:
10414:Original Julian
10384:
10351:
10313:
10212:Ab urbe condita
10190:
10167:
10119:
10114:
10084:
10079:
9941:
9939:
9933:
9823:
9659:AĂ«tius of Amida
9640:
9626:Verrius Flaccus
9606:Valerius Antias
9566:Silius Italicus
9501:Pliny the Elder
9446:Marcus Aurelius
9321:Cornelius Nepos
9271:Aurelius Victor
9225:
9147:
9059:
8993:Secessio plebis
8964:
8839:
8791:
8665:
8619:
8549:
8431:
8383:
8299:
8220:
8181:
8163:
8157:
8127:
8122:
8094:
8031:
7985:Nirayana system
7911:Ab urbe condita
7899:
7851:
7849:
7842:
7821:
7819:
7812:
7769:
7720:anthropological
7704:
7503:
7487:Liturgical year
7453:
7420:
7012:
7010:
7003:
6942:
6916:
6911:
6870:
6850:
6845:
6755:Grecian History
6716:
6651:ÎÎŻÎżÎč ΠαÏΏλληλοÎč
6576:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6457:
6382:Ab Urbe Condita
6370:
6217:De Agri Culture
6194:
6193:
6140:
6135:
6127:
6123:
6115:
6111:
6099:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6056:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6013:
6005:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5977:
5973:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5686:
5682:
5676:Scullard (1981)
5674:
5670:
5658:
5654:
5642:
5635:
5623:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5595:
5582:
5570:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5527:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5503:
5499:
5491:
5487:
5475:
5454:
5446:
5437:
5429:
5425:
5417:
5413:
5401:
5397:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5375:47.13 and 47.14
5373:
5369:
5357:
5353:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5317:
5305:
5301:
5290:
5286:
5274:
5270:
5258:
5245:
5233:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5071:
5064:
5056:
5052:
5044:
5040:
5021:
5017:
5005:
5001:
4993:
4986:
4978:
4967:
4959:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4914:
4910:
4903:Natural History
4896:
4892:
4878:
4874:
4860:
4856:
4842:
4838:
4824:
4820:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4769:
4752:
4744:
4731:
4723:
4719:
4707:
4703:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4594:
4590:
4582:nefastus priore
4578:, standing for
4573:
4569:
4564:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4512:
4508:
4482:former calendar
4471:
4467:
4462:
4449:Roman festivals
4436:ab urbe condita
4426:Calendar of 354
4386:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4359:
4356:First Punic War
4339:
4328:Julian calendar
4323:
4319:
4307:
4303:
4279:
4262:
4254:
4245:In addition to
4191:
4187:
4156:
4095:
4094:
4088:ab urbe condita
4033:
4026:354 or 355 days
4025:
4017:
4003:
3997:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3926:
3916:
3908:
3903:
3891:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3788:
3735:Pridie Kalendas
3346:
3319:a.d. XVIII Kal.
3318:
3290:
3004:postridie Nonas
2748:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2582:Februa festival
2577:
2574:ordinal numbers
2550:
2464:
2452:
2449:nundinal letter
2445:Roman calendars
2421:
2415:Planetary hours
2409:Main articles:
2387:
2295:dies comitiales
2191:accusative case
2178:
2127:
2123:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2027:
2021:
1942:. In 8 BC, the
1907:
1901:
1844:
1842:Julian calendar
1838:
1822:, a secretary (
1817:
1777:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1683:Mensis December
1652:Mensis November
1559:Mensis Sextilis
1356:Month of Wages
1261:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1224:
1218:Length in days
1201:
1194:
1180:W. Warde Fowler
1167:
1163:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1044:as part of the
1041:
1036:
1008:Greek calendars
992:
982:Servius Tullius
917:Mensis December
899:Mensis November
845:Mensis Sextilis
827:
765:Month of Apru (
729:Length in days
657:nundinal cycles
634:
612:moveable feasts
594:, formal Roman
580:rising of stars
500:
496:
474:
449:
391:
379:
333:
329:
325:
258:Roman religious
210:
203:Capitoline Hill
152:nundinal cycles
150:and ran for 38
109:Julian calendar
83:("SEX") and an
70:
65:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10981:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10953:Roman calendar
10938:
10937:
10935:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10902:New Chronology
10899:
10893:
10891:
10890:Related topics
10887:
10886:
10884:
10883:
10877:
10875:
10871:
10870:
10868:
10867:
10861:
10859:
10855:
10854:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10821:
10819:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10793:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10767:
10765:Paleomagnetism
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10731:
10729:
10720:
10712:
10711:
10708:
10707:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10673:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10658:
10652:
10650:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10642:
10637:
10632:
10626:
10624:
10617:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10592:
10587:
10581:
10579:
10573:
10572:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10565:
10563:New Earth Time
10560:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10548:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10517:
10515:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10502:
10492:
10487:
10472:
10470:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10436:
10434:
10430:
10429:
10427:
10426:
10424:Revised Julian
10421:
10416:
10411:
10405:
10403:
10396:
10390:
10389:
10386:
10385:
10383:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10361:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10349:
10344:
10342:Lists of kings
10339:
10334:
10332:Canon of Kings
10329:
10323:
10321:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10311:
10310:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10284:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10257:Before present
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10215:
10208:
10202:
10200:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10172:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10127:
10125:
10121:
10120:
10113:
10112:
10105:
10098:
10090:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9946:
9944:
9935:
9934:
9932:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9835:
9833:
9829:
9828:
9825:
9824:
9822:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9650:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9511:Pomponius Mela
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9246:Aelius Donatus
9242:
9240:
9231:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9223:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9214:Ecclesiastical
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9168:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9069:
9067:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9016:
9015:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8972:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8957:
8955:Toys and games
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8849:
8847:
8841:
8840:
8838:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8801:
8799:
8793:
8792:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8737:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8679:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8627:
8625:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8566:
8564:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8495:Vigintisexviri
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8455:Cursus honorum
8452:
8447:
8441:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8393:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8313:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8278:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8261:
8254:Western Empire
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8228:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8201:
8195:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8156:
8155:
8148:
8141:
8133:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8120:
8110:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8080:
8068:
8056:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7960:Chinese Minguo
7957:
7952:
7950:Before Present
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7852:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7536:
7526:
7521:
7515:
7513:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7472:
7467:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7447:Calendar round
7444:
7434:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7349:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7209:
7208:
7203:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7105:Heavenly Stems
7102:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7076:
7075:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6910:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6868:
6862:
6857:
6849:
6848:External links
6846:
6844:
6843:
6829:
6814:
6804:On Agriculture
6795:
6780:
6761:
6749:
6737:
6720:
6714:
6696:
6686:
6660:
6655:Parallel Lives
6643:
6628:
6613:
6598:
6583:
6574:
6559:
6544:
6525:
6505:
6487:
6474:
6461:
6455:
6426:
6411:
6388:
6373:
6347:
6333:
6317:
6305:
6287:
6272:
6257:
6242:
6232:On Agriculture
6223:
6208:
6184:
6174:
6158:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6129:Roberts (1905)
6121:
6117:Roberts (1905)
6109:
6090:
6078:
6074:Michels (1967)
6066:
6047:
6035:
6023:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5971:
5958:
5939:
5920:
5901:
5882:
5863:
5844:
5822:
5799:
5780:
5761:
5742:
5723:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5652:
5633:
5617:
5605:
5580:
5557:
5545:
5543:, p. 441.
5541:Rotondi (1912)
5533:
5521:
5509:
5497:
5495:, p. 340.
5493:Michels (1949)
5485:
5452:
5435:
5423:
5411:
5395:
5383:
5367:
5359:Stanyan (1707)
5351:
5347:Roberts (1905)
5339:
5337:, p. 153.
5327:
5315:
5299:
5284:
5268:
5243:
5241:section XVIII.
5218:
5216:, p. 669.
5206:
5180:
5154:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5109:, p. 165.
5099:
5087:
5062:
5060:, p. 155.
5050:
5038:
5015:
4999:
4997:, p. 137.
4984:
4965:
4963:, p. 331.
4961:Michels (1949)
4950:
4948:, p. 322.
4946:Michels (1949)
4938:
4934:Wissowa (1896)
4926:
4908:
4890:
4872:
4854:
4836:
4831:On Agriculture
4818:
4796:
4794:, p. 330.
4792:Michels (1949)
4779:
4750:
4729:
4725:Michels (1949)
4717:
4701:
4699:, p. 193.
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4662:
4653:
4644:
4635:
4626:
4617:
4588:
4567:
4553:
4544:
4531:
4519:
4506:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4428:
4415:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4375:
4372:
4348:Attic calendar
4344:nundinal cycle
4278:
4275:
4271:medieval Spain
4188:3rd century BC
4073:Consular lists
4061:Roman Republic
3999:Main article:
3996:
3993:
3904:22 and 23 days
3815:Main article:
3812:
3809:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3582:a.d. VIII Kal.
3580:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:a.d. XIII Kal.
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:a.d. XVII Kal.
3344:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3251:postridie Idus
3248:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:a.d. VIII Eid.
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:On the Kalends
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2725:
2714:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2549:
2546:
2465:17 and 24 days
2386:
2383:
2379:nundinal cycle
2375:
2374:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2300:
2274:
2132:
2131:
2093:
2059:
2023:Main article:
2020:
2017:
1903:Main article:
1900:
1897:
1840:Main article:
1837:
1834:
1820:Gnaeus Flavius
1816:
1815:Flavian reform
1813:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:Mensis October
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:Seventh Month
1592:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1423:
1421:Mensis Aprilis
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1387:Mensis Martius
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1234:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1166:January in 153
1101:Numa Pompilius
1020:synodic months
1010:in assuming a
996:Roman Republic
991:
988:
966:nundinal cycle
948:recounts that
945:Parallel Lives
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:
922:
919:
914:
908:
907:
904:
901:
896:
890:
889:
886:
883:
881:Mensis October
878:
872:
871:
868:
867:Seventh Month
865:
860:
854:
853:
850:
847:
842:
836:
835:
832:
829:
822:
816:
815:
812:
806:
801:
795:
794:
791:
785:
780:
774:
773:
770:
763:
761:Mensis Aprilis
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
740:Mensis Martius
737:
731:
730:
727:
724:
721:
671:Licinius Macer
633:
630:
608:later calendar
604:nundinal cycle
584:civil calendar
497:29 and 30 days
485:lunar calendar
473:
470:
448:
445:
433:vernal equinox
429:date of Easter
401:VI. Kal. Mart.
273:early Republic
230:Numa Pompilius
105:Roman Republic
93:Roman calendar
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10980:
10969:
10968:Time in Italy
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10888:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10876:
10872:
10866:
10863:
10862:
10860:
10856:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10820:
10818:
10814:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10730:
10728:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:Chronological
10713:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10682:Geochronology
10680:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10653:
10651:
10647:
10641:
10638:
10636:
10633:
10631:
10628:
10627:
10625:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10615:Geologic time
10612:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10600:Metonic cycle
10598:
10596:
10595:Galactic year
10593:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10578:
10574:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10543:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10536:ISO week date
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10506:
10503:
10500:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10485:
10481:
10477:
10474:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10391:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10358:
10354:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10324:
10322:
10320:
10316:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10289:
10288:
10285:
10282:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10242:Byzantine era
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10213:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10199:
10198:Calendar eras
10195:
10192:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10173:
10170:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10111:
10106:
10104:
10099:
10097:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10006:
10003:
10001:
9998:
9996:
9993:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9947:
9945:
9936:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9830:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9647:
9643:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9401:Julius Paulus
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9336:Fabius Pictor
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9232:
9228:
9222:
9219:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9154:
9150:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9073:Amphitheatres
9071:
9070:
9068:
9066:
9062:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9014:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8971:
8967:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8810:Deforestation
8808:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8760:Siege engines
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8693:Establishment
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8624:Extraordinary
8622:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8610:Promagistrate
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8397:Twelve Tables
8395:
8394:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8223:
8217:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8161:
8154:
8149:
8147:
8142:
8140:
8135:
8134:
8131:
8119:
8111:
8109:
8101:
8100:
8097:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8038:
8028:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7935:Anno Martyrum
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7853:
7850:and numbering
7845:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7815:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7765:'Pataphysical
7763:
7761:
7758:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7534:TĆnalpĆhualli
7532:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7456:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7288:Vikram Samvat
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7142:Vikram Samvat
7140:
7139:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6908:
6903:
6901:
6896:
6894:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6796:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6781:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6738:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6674:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6629:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6592:De Re Rustica
6588:
6584:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6508:
6506:9781400849789
6502:
6499:, Princeton,
6498:
6497:
6492:
6488:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6458:
6456:9780674996496
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6339:
6338:"Calendarium"
6334:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6301:Andrew Millar
6298:
6297:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6281:De Re Rustica
6277:
6273:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:De Die Natali
6247:
6243:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6204:
6198:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6130:
6125:
6119:, Book XLVII.
6118:
6113:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6087:
6082:
6075:
6070:
6063:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6044:
6039:
6032:
6027:
6020:
6015:
6008:
6003:
5996:
5991:
5984:
5981:
5980:The Natal Day
5975:
5962:
5954:
5950:
5943:
5935:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5905:
5897:
5893:
5886:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5859:
5855:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5827:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5795:
5791:
5784:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5689:
5684:
5677:
5672:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5638:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5518:
5513:
5506:
5501:
5494:
5489:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5449:
5448:Kaster (2011)
5444:
5442:
5440:
5432:
5427:
5420:
5419:Fowler (1899)
5415:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5392:
5387:
5376:
5371:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5348:
5343:
5336:
5335:Kaster (2011)
5331:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5265:
5261:
5260:Perrin (1914)
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5215:
5210:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5140:
5132:
5131:Kaster (2011)
5127:
5120:
5115:
5108:
5107:Kaster (2011)
5103:
5096:
5091:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5078:The Natal Day
5074:
5069:
5067:
5059:
5058:Kaster (2011)
5054:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4996:
4995:Kaster (2011)
4991:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4809:The Natal Day
4805:
4800:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4726:
4721:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4696:
4690:
4686:
4666:
4657:
4648:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4548:
4541:
4535:
4528:
4523:
4516:
4515:This practice
4510:
4503:
4502:tropical year
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4465:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4378:
4371:
4369:
4366:and seasonal
4365:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4317:
4313:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4222:), October 1(
4221:
4219:
4214:), August 1 (
4213:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4012:
4011:consular list
4007:
4002:
3992:
3976:22 or 23 days
3972:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3939:23 or 24 days
3935:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3901:
3895:
3892:22 or 23 days
3887:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3842:on the 24th (
3841:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3818:
3811:Intercalation
3808:
3806:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3712:a.d. III Kal.
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3608:a.d. VII Kal.
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3478:a.d. XII Kal.
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:a.d. XIV Kal.
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:a.d. XVI Kal.
3362:
3356:
3353:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3294:
3291:a.d. XIX Kal.
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:a.d. III Eid.
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:a.d. VII Eid.
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:a.d. III Non.
2902:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2739:
2726:
2715:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2636:Days in month
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2563:Julius Caesar
2560:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:endotercissus
2348:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1899:Later reforms
1896:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:his civil war
1852:
1848:
1847:Julius Caesar
1843:
1836:Julian reform
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:Eighth Month
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:Mensis Iunius
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:Month of the
1314:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1244:
1231:
1221:
1207:
1202: 450 BC
1195: 700 BC
1187:
1185:
1184:Roman priests
1182:believed the
1181:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:Metonic cycle
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1053:tropical year
1049:
1047:
1046:Twelve Tables
1037:(715â673 BC),
1033:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
983:
979:
976:variously to
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
931:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
887:
885:Eighth Month
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
813:
811:
807:
805:
804:Mensis Iunius
802:
800:
797:
796:
792:
790:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
718:
712:
709:
708:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
679:
674:
672:
667:
662:
658:
654:
652:
651:
643:
642:
629:
627:
625:
620:
619:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
503:short of the
501:10 or 11 days
494:
490:
486:
483:
482:observational
479:
469:
464:
462:
461:
453:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
422:
417:
413:
408:
402:
397:
389:
385:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
340:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:Late Republic
300:
296:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
268:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
250:intercalation
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
223:
222:
219:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:observational
165:
164:public market
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
126:
124:
121:
117:
116:Julius Caesar
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:Roman Kingdom
98:
94:
86:
82:
78:
64:
62:
55:
48:
46:
45:
37:
33:
29:
22:
10845:Stratigraphy
10790:Uraniumâlead
10760:Lichenometry
10558:Winter count
10541:Mesoamerican
10469:Astronomical
10408:
10287:Mesoamerican
10272:Sothic cycle
10247:Seleucid era
10232:Bosporan era
10220: /
10210:
10158:Paleontology
10015:Institutions
9879:Leptis Magna
9832:Major cities
9739:Philostratus
9526:Quadrigarius
9346:Rufus Festus
9209:Contemporary
8930:Romanization
8867:
8853:Architecture
8460:Collegiality
8309:Constitution
8160:Ancient Rome
8086:
8074:
8071:Middle-earth
8062:
8050:
7820:applications
7818:Displays and
7728: /
7709:By specialty
7678:
7672:
7539:XiuhpĆhualli
7437:Mesoamerican
7283:Nepal Sambat
6954:Astronomical
6875:
6837:
6822:
6803:
6788:
6772:
6754:
6742:
6727:
6704:
6690:
6676:
6672:
6654:
6650:
6636:
6621:
6606:
6591:
6577:
6567:
6552:
6537:
6533:
6495:
6481:
6469:
6465:
6442:
6438:
6435:Saturnalia,
6434:
6419:
6406:the original
6401:
6396:
6392:Titus Livius
6381:
6377:Titus Livius
6356:
6341:
6326:
6312:
6295:
6279:
6265:
6249:
6231:
6216:
6188:
6178:
6167:
6151:
6124:
6112:
6081:
6069:
6058:
6038:
6026:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5979:
5978:Censorinus,
5974:
5969:inscription.
5961:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5933:
5929:
5923:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5857:
5853:
5847:
5838:
5834:
5833:"September,
5816:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5793:
5789:
5788:"â quintile,
5783:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5695:
5688:RĂŒpke (2011)
5683:
5671:
5660:Smyth (1920)
5655:
5625:Kline (2004)
5620:
5608:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5426:
5421:, p. 5.
5414:
5403:Kline (2004)
5398:
5386:
5370:
5354:
5342:
5330:
5318:
5302:
5292:RĂŒpke (2011)
5287:
5280:Life of Numa
5279:
5271:
5239:Life of Numa
5238:
5209:
5197:. Retrieved
5192:
5183:
5171:. Retrieved
5166:
5157:
5146:RĂŒpke (2011)
5126:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5076:
5053:
5041:
5018:
5002:
4941:
4929:
4919:
4911:
4901:
4893:
4883:
4875:
4865:
4857:
4847:
4839:
4829:
4821:
4807:
4799:
4746:Grout (2023)
4720:
4704:
4694:
4689:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4608:
4603:Q. Rex C. F.
4600:
4596:
4591:
4579:
4570:
4547:
4534:
4522:
4509:
4468:
4434:
4424:, & the
4332:
4280:
4244:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4176:
4159:BC to allow
4148:
4133:
4084:
4081:Roman Empire
4057:regnal years
4049:calendar era
4046:
4015:
3973:
3956:
3950:days over 24
3936:
3921:
3913:Intercalaris
3897:
3889:
3885:
3873:
3864:
3856:
3843:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3800:
3792:
3777:
3768:
3760:
3758:
3686:a.d. IV Kal.
3634:a.d. VI Kal.
3556:a.d. IX Kal.
3504:a.d. XI Kal.
3400:a.d. XV Kal.
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3147:a.d. IV Eid.
3095:a.d. VI Eid.
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2972:On the Nones
2949:Pridie Nonas
2900:a.d. IV Non.
2848:a.d. VI Non.
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2626:
2605:
2585:
2551:
2533:
2494:
2479:, since the
2422:
2400:
2394:
2376:
2362:
2359:archaic form
2350:
2346:
2340:rex sacrorum
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2315:dies nefasti
2312:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2210:
2198:
2182:
2172:
2163:
2155:
2133:
2115:
2107:
2106:, variously
2099:
2095:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2028:
2015:
2011:its calendar
1966:Roman Empire
1963:
1954:
1946:
1922:
1908:
1888:
1880:
1863:, ordered a
1858:
1845:
1832:
1826:) to censor
1823:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1725:
1721:
1704:Whole year:
1687:Tenth Month
1656:Ninth Month
1563:Sixth Month
1460:Mensis Maius
1370:
1362:
1157:
1151:days called
1098:
1061:
1050:
1034:
993:
986:
974:Roman legend
963:
943:
937:
921:Tenth Month
903:Ninth Month
849:Sixth Month
831:Fifth Month
783:Mensis Maius
689:culture hero
675:
646:
641:pleni menses
635:
628:
596:ornithomancy
552:decimal year
491:. Because a
475:
468:
456:
426:
373:
319:
286:. After the
269:
227:
127:
99:used by the
92:
90:
79:("QVI") and
58:
40:
32:
10785:Radiocarbon
10460:Dual dating
10319:Regnal year
10297:Short Count
10237:Bostran era
10218:Anno Domini
10151:Big History
10131:Archaeology
10010:Geographers
9694:Dioscorides
9674:Cassius Dio
9296:Cassiodorus
9199:Renaissance
8805:Agriculture
8777:Auxiliaries
8718:Engineering
8555:Magistrates
8407:Citizenship
8402:Mos maiorum
8337:Late Empire
7921:Anno Domini
7890:Regnal year
7885:Regnal name
7858:Terminology
7848:Year naming
7803:Symmetry454
7653:Pentecontad
7576:CulÄsakaraj
7561:Cappadocian
7293:Yele Sambat
7179:Zoroastrian
7073:Bangladeshi
7011:limited use
6989:Solar Hijri
6984:Lunar Hijri
6947:In wide use
6700:RĂŒpke, Jörg
6371:(in French)
5909:"February,
5890:"December,
5871:"November,
5664:§§1582â1587
5644:Beck (1838)
5597:Beck (1838)
5572:Beck (1838)
5282:section XIX
5262:, pp.
5033:, cited in
4478:Roman Egypt
4405:Alexandrian
4267:Spanish era
4206:), July 1 (
4171:during the
4107:'s 15-year
4053:Roman kings
4030:Julian year
3852:Mercedonius
3817:Mercedonius
3660:a.d. V Kal.
3530:a.d. X Kal.
3219:On the Ides
3196:Pridie Idus
3121:a.d. V Eid.
2874:a.d. V Non.
2526:Constantine
2453:2â5 letters
2365:intercissus
2122:), the 15th
1994:Constantine
1915:Mark Antony
1869:Alexandrian
1348:Mercedonius
1153:Mercedonius
1145:Greek years
1094:odd numbers
1090:Pythagorean
1030:Mercedonius
1012:lunar cycle
650:cavi menses
493:lunar cycle
311:sacred king
299:consulships
281:Pythagorean
158:ânine days
21:Roman Month
10947:Categories
10380:Vietnamese
10292:Long Count
10227:Anno Mundi
10222:Common Era
10124:Key topics
10117:Chronology
9899:Mediolanum
9839:Alexandria
9804:Themistius
9769:Porphyrius
9596:Tertullian
9531:Quintilian
9521:Propertius
9416:Lactantius
9366:Fulgentius
9301:Censorinus
9123:Sanitation
9108:Metallurgy
9065:Technology
9030:Demography
8978:Patricians
8945:Spectacles
8903:Literature
8898:Hairstyles
8735:Technology
8485:Praefectus
8437:Government
8427:Litigation
8412:Auctoritas
8357:Centuriate
8244:Principate
8239:Pax Romana
8199:Foundation
8027:Vietnamese
7940:Anno Mundi
7930:Anno Lucis
7925:Common Era
7828:Electronic
7798:Positivist
7760:Discordian
7750:Dreamspell
7685:Sexagenary
7626:Macedonian
7596:Florentine
7546:Babylonian
7512:Historical
7442:Long Count
7396:Vietnamese
7352:Macedonian
7315:Nanakshahi
7245:Lithuanian
7115:Solar term
6826:(in Latin)
6792:(in Latin)
6625:(in Latin)
6595:(in Latin)
6556:(in Latin)
6423:(in Latin)
6420:Saturnalia
6385:(in Latin)
6299:, London:
6284:(in Latin)
6261:Censorinus
6254:(in Latin)
6246:Censorinus
6220:(in Latin)
6103:, p.
6088:I, CIL VI.
5852:"October,
5807:"sextile,
5712:"January,
5646:, p.
5599:, p.
5574:, p.
5479:, p.
5393:, Book II.
5361:, p.
5309:, p.
5294:, p.
5199:January 9,
5173:January 9,
5148:, p.
5073:Censorinus
5035:Key (1875)
5023:Censorinus
5009:, p.
4921:On Farming
4885:On Farming
4804:Censorinus
4773:, p.
4711:, p.
4695:Enc. Brit.
4677:References
4496:; and the
4454:Undecimber
4163:to attack
4105:Diocletian
4022:solar year
3978:is always
3877:Quirinalia
3840:Regifugium
3738:Prid. Kal.
3199:Prid. Eid.
2952:Prid. Non.
2536:dies Solis
2522:Lord's Day
2517:, and the
2497:7-day week
2477:filibuster
2471:and their
2469:patricians
2371:sacrifices
2289:assemblies
2281:comitialis
2269:dies fasti
2236:kalendaria
2227:late Latin
2080:), the 7th
2000:by making
1982:Diocletian
1944:plebiscite
1583:September
1121:Babylonian
1058:Terminalia
1016:solar year
697:Alba Longa
693:Censorinus
685:first king
624:Sementivae
556:Censorinus
505:solar year
421:bis sextum
416:bissextile
339:Lex Acilia
246:solar year
207:Terminalia
193:, and the
137:first king
10958:Calendars
10917:Year zero
10897:Chronicle
10840:Seriation
10775:Leadâlead
10649:Standards
10630:Deep time
10590:Ephemeris
10476:Lunisolar
10440:Gregorian
10433:Gregorian
10394:Calendars
10357:Era names
10327:Anka year
10206:Human Era
10136:Astronomy
10055:Quaestors
9985:Empresses
9975:Dynasties
9965:Dictators
9940:and other
9929:Volubilis
9924:Vindobona
9884:Londinium
9809:Theodoret
9779:Procopius
9759:Polyaenus
9734:Pausanias
9636:Vitruvius
9581:Symmachus
9576:Suetonius
9486:Petronius
9471:Obsequens
9436:Macrobius
9431:Lucretius
9356:Frontinus
9331:Eutropius
9316:Columella
9266:Augustine
9256:Appuleius
9204:Neo-Latin
9179:Classical
9170:Versions
9078:Aqueducts
9020:Patronage
8940:Sexuality
8913:Mythology
8888:Education
8878:Cosmetics
8703:Campaigns
8698:Structure
8651:Decemviri
8510:Imperator
8209:overthrow
8088:Star Trek
8052:Discworld
8047:Discworld
8040:Fictional
7916:Anka year
7895:Year zero
7875:Leap year
7833:Perpetual
7556:Byzantine
7275:Mongolian
7255:Malayalam
6999:Unix time
6974:Gregorian
6969:Ethiopian
6933:Lunisolar
6914:Calendars
6809:Cambridge
6769:"Augures"
6681:Cambridge
6447:Cambridge
6237:Cambridge
6019:Macrobius
6007:Macrobius
5995:Macrobius
5769:"August,
5553:Macrobius
5529:Macrobius
5431:Macrobius
5323:Macrobius
5119:Macrobius
5095:Macrobius
5046:Macrobius
5027:Macrobius
4980:Macrobius
4916:Palladius
4880:Columella
4682:Citations
4409:Byzantine
4240:Indiction
4234:Eid. Dec.
4226:Kal. Oct.
4218:Kal. Sex.
4210:Kal. Qui.
4202:Eid. Mai.
4190:until 222
4180:Eid. Mart
4151:Kal. Ian.
4109:Indiction
4069:Temporary
3900:Macrobius
3780:festivals
3771:postridie
2598:sulphuric
2553:the gods
2519:Christian
2486:first day
2457:plebeians
2166:postridie
2144:full moon
1990:Justinian
1986:indiction
1970:Egyptians
1891:Posterior
1872:Sosigenes
1763:⋅
1751:⋅
1739:⋅
1676:December
1645:November
1498:Month of
1464:Month of
1427:Aphrodite
1425:Month of
1391:Month of
1306:February
1283:Month of
1204:â 46 BC)
1176:Decemvirs
1160:Periochae
970:Etruscans
858:September
808:Month of
787:Month of
767:Aphrodite
744:Month of
682:legendary
666:Macrobius
588:Palladius
572:Columella
544:night sky
528:migration
516:festivals
513:religious
384:solar one
365:civil war
332:. By the
277:Etruscans
261:festivals
195:full moon
171:lunar one
134:legendary
77:Quintilis
71: 60
10912:Timeline
10750:Ice core
10623:Concepts
10370:Japanese
10302:Tzolk'in
10267:Egyptian
10060:Tribunes
10050:Praetors
10000:Generals
9980:Emperors
9889:Lugdunum
9874:Eboracum
9864:Carthage
9849:Aquileia
9764:Polybius
9754:Plutarch
9724:Libanius
9714:Josephus
9709:Herodian
9601:Tibullus
9516:Priscian
9491:Phaedrus
9451:Manilius
9396:Jordanes
9381:Hydatius
9311:Claudian
9291:Catullus
9281:Boëthius
9276:Ausonius
9194:Medieval
9166:Alphabet
9138:Theatres
9113:Numerals
9098:Concrete
9088:Circuses
9055:Bagaudae
9045:Adoption
9040:Marriage
9013:Assembly
8918:Religion
8893:Folklore
8873:Clothing
8868:Calendar
8825:Currency
8815:Commerce
8713:Strategy
8675:Military
8661:Triumvir
8641:Dictator
8636:Interrex
8615:Governor
8600:Quaestor
8563:Ordinary
8545:Province
8535:Tetrarch
8525:Augustus
8490:Vicarius
8480:Officium
8417:Imperium
8367:Plebeian
8327:Republic
8249:Dominate
8216:Republic
8177:Timeline
8118:Category
8083:Stardate
8059:Greyhawk
7990:Seleucid
7975:Japanese
7945:Assyrian
7880:New Year
7716:Holocene
7668:Rapa Nui
7641:TzolkÊŒin
7606:Germanic
7586:Egyptian
7322:Romanian
7300:Nisg̱a'a
7260:Mandaean
7250:Maithili
7223:Javanese
7218:Japanese
7173:medieval
7127:Georgian
7038:Assyrian
7028:Armenian
6959:Buddhist
6835:(1910),
6823:Georgica
6801:(1934),
6767:(1896),
6726:(1981),
6702:(2011),
6666:(1914),
6664:Plutarch
6647:Plutarch
6634:(1855),
6604:(1807),
6565:(2004),
6514:citation
6493:(1967),
6432:(2011),
6394:(1905),
6311:(1899),
6293:(1745),
6263:(1900),
6229:(1934),
6197:citation
5731:"March,
5276:Plutarch
5235:Plutarch
4867:Georgics
4814:Ch. XXII
4527:Plutarch
4411:, &
4374:See also
4364:harvests
4352:Olympiad
4342:BC. The
4295:republic
4269:used in
4155:) in 153
4113:Orthodox
4038:leap day
3785:Augustus
2780:Kalendis
2622:emperors
2602:Etruscan
2570:Augustus
2512:Saturday
2425:nundinae
2411:Nundinae
2308:nefastus
2243:calendar
2136:new moon
2046:Kalendae
1957:Augustus
1935:Augustus
1876:leap day
1614:October
1431:Etruscan
1272:January
1215:Meaning
1209:English
1129:Plutarch
1018:of 12.5
1004:February
940:Plutarch
912:December
894:November
726:Meaning
720:English
707:a priori
680:, their
661:new moon
489:new moon
478:calendar
396:leap day
367:against
242:February
187:new moon
123:Augustus
113:Dictator
97:calendar
95:was the
81:Sextilis
10922:Floruit
10670:Methods
10531:Iranian
10499:Islamic
10365:Chinese
10176:Periods
10146:History
10141:Geology
10030:Legions
9990:Fiction
9960:Consuls
9955:Climate
9909:Ravenna
9904:Pompeii
9894:Lutetia
9859:Bononia
9854:Berytus
9844:Antioch
9819:Zosimus
9814:Zonaras
9789:Sozomen
9774:Priscus
9749:Photius
9591:Terence
9586:Tacitus
9571:Statius
9556:Servius
9541:Sallust
9496:Plautus
9476:Orosius
9456:Martial
9411:Juvenal
9386:Hyginus
9371:Gellius
9230:Writers
9161:History
9143:Thermae
9133:Temples
9083:Bridges
9050:Slavery
8998:Equites
8970:Society
8950:Theatre
8923:Deities
8883:Cuisine
8863:Bathing
8845:Culture
8820:Finance
8797:Economy
8688:Borders
8683:History
8585:Tribune
8580:Praetor
8470:Legatus
8465:Emperor
8352:Curiate
8322:Kingdom
8317:History
8293:History
8276:decline
8234:History
8204:Kingdom
8187:History
8172:Outline
8015:Dvapara
7995:Spanish
7904:Systems
7754:New Age
7744:Martian
7700:Turkmen
7695:Swedish
7581:Coligny
7519:Arabian
7480:Revised
7386:Tripuri
7381:Tibetan
7337:Sesotho
7310:Punjabi
7270:Melanau
7240:Kurdish
7206:Tabular
7196:Islamic
7164:Iranian
7095:Chinese
7090:Burmese
7068:Bengali
7056:Pawukon
7009:In more
6964:Chinese
6921:Systems
6536:Vol. I:
6468:Vol. II
6138:Sources
6057:Varro,
5947:"June,
5750:"July,
5163:"April"
5031:Solinus
4849:Farming
4540:Stanyan
4488:of the
4293:of the
4261:from AD
4194:BC and
4032:was 365
3983:⁄
3954:years.
3881:Feralia
3363:
3335:
3307:
2889:
2863:
2683:Sep Nov
2681:Jun Aug
2679:Jan Apr
2608:aperire
2578:5 to 10
2567:emperor
2515:sabbath
2490:January
2473:clients
2461:aediles
2429:weekend
2402:Aprilis
2152:Jupiter
2039:Kalends
2025:Kalends
1851:victory
1552:August
1367:
1359:
1105:Romulus
1070:calends
1000:January
978:Romulus
950:Romulus
876:October
678:Romulus
606:of the
548:Romulus
542:in the
524:leafing
520:Michels
447:History
388:Egypt's
357:his war
307:pontiff
279:and of
265:seasons
238:January
175:kalends
140:Romulus
120:Emperor
10718:dating
10514:Others
10480:Hebrew
10375:Korean
10186:Epochs
10040:Nomina
10025:Legacy
10005:Gentes
9942:topics
9938:Lists
9919:Smyrna
9799:Strabo
9729:Lucian
9719:Julian
9669:Arrian
9664:Appian
9654:Aelian
9631:Vergil
9406:Justin
9391:Jerome
9376:Horace
9361:Fronto
9351:Florus
9326:Ennius
9306:Cicero
9286:Caesar
9184:Vulgar
9008:Tribes
8935:Romans
8745:Legion
8728:castra
8605:Aedile
8575:Censor
8570:Consul
8530:Caesar
8500:Lictor
8422:Status
8362:Tribal
8342:Senate
8332:Empire
8226:Empire
8162:topics
7980:Korean
7740:Darian
7690:Soviet
7663:Qumran
7648:Muisca
7566:Celtic
7551:Bulgar
7499:Saints
7475:Julian
7465:Coptic
7411:Yoruba
7342:Slavic
7332:Somali
7279:Nepal
7228:Korean
7190:Gaelic
7169:Jalali
7132:Hebrew
7110:Minguo
7085:Borana
7080:Berber
7043:BahĂĄÊŒĂ
6732:Ithaca
6712:
6675:Vol. I
6503:
6453:
6437:Vol. I
5967:
5928:"May,
5379:
5264:368 ff
5083:Ch. XX
5029:, and
4862:Vergil
4697:(1911)
4484:; the
4439:dating
4401:Julian
4360:
4358:in 264
4340:
4336:Cicero
4324:
4320:
4308:
4304:
4263:
4255:
4251:Africa
4192:
4165:Segeda
4157:
4127:, and
4034:
4018:
3989:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3932:
3927:
3917:
3909:
3828:within
3823:
3789:
3332:
3323:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3222:Idibus
2886:
2883:
2880:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2594:Sabine
2588:februa
2548:Months
2530:Sunday
2509:Jewish
2507:, the
2417:, and
2328:feriae
2262:fastus
2179:
2158:pridie
2128:
2124:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2002:Sunday
1951:August
1925:Iulius
1909:After
1824:scriba
1791:365.25
1414:April
1380:March
1353:
1343:
1337:
1319:Februa
1263:(leap)
1254:(cmn.)
1212:Latin
1168:
1164:
1149:
1137:
1133:
1042:450 BC
840:August
723:Latin
592:Augury
574:, and
568:Vergil
392:
380:
369:Pompey
353:Caesar
334:191 BC
330:168 BC
326:190 BC
211:
189:, the
181:, and
144:months
10551:Aztec
10495:Lunar
10490:Solar
10484:Hindu
10347:Limmu
10307:Haab'
10262:Hijri
9704:Galen
9646:Greek
9616:Varro
9426:Lucan
9238:Latin
9153:Latin
9128:Ships
9118:Roads
9103:Domes
9035:Women
8983:Plebs
8908:Music
8450:Forum
8445:Curia
8010:Treta
8005:Satya
8000:Yugas
7870:Epoch
7808:World
7673:Roman
7658:Pisan
7636:Haabʌ
7616:Hindu
7611:Greek
7591:Enoch
7529:Aztec
7524:Attic
7432:Runic
7425:Types
7406:Xhosa
7401:Wicca
7374:solar
7369:lunar
7359:Tamil
7327:Shona
7233:Juche
7201:Fasli
7186:Irish
7154:Hmong
7137:Hindu
7052:Bali
7047:BadĂâ
6979:Hindu
6938:Solar
6928:Lunar
6653:[
6147:Fasti
5517:Pliny
5189:"May"
4898:Pliny
4844:Varro
4460:Notes
4418:Fasti
4259:Spain
4169:Spain
4144:Janus
4101:Varro
3995:Years
3923:Varro
2975:Nonis
2742:(Feb)
2576:from
2555:Janus
2528:made
2501:Italy
2437:Italy
2385:Weeks
2357:, an
2285:fasti
2283:) on
2249:fasti
2207:Greek
2068:Nonae
2062:Nones
1879:moreâ
1555:VIII.
1521:July
1487:June
1285:Janus
1141:lunar
959:Janus
756:April
735:March
701:RĂŒpke
576:Pliny
564:Varro
540:stars
536:grain
435:that
351:like
292:years
221:Mart.
216:VII.
209:on 23
179:nones
10546:Maya
10281:Yuga
10181:Eras
10163:Time
10020:Laws
9995:Film
9914:Roma
9481:Ovid
9421:Livy
9189:Late
9003:Gens
8960:Wine
8772:Navy
8740:Army
8379:SPQR
8281:fall
8259:fall
8020:Kali
7838:Wall
7679:Rumi
7631:Maya
7621:Inca
7571:Cham
7416:Zulu
7391:Tulu
7364:Thai
7305:Odia
7213:Jain
7159:Igbo
7147:Saka
7061:Saka
7023:Akan
6710:ISBN
6520:link
6501:ISBN
6451:ISBN
6203:link
6043:Livy
6031:Livy
5965:A 94
5811:and
5809:adj.
5613:Ovid
5391:Ovid
5201:2018
5175:2018
4826:Cato
4576:noon
4433:and
4350:and
4314:and
4300:Livy
4257:BC;
4196:Livy
4047:The
3911:BC,
3225:Eid.
2978:Non.
2783:Kal.
2762:Abbr
2651:28d
2618:Juno
2616:and
2614:Maia
2559:Mars
2557:and
2495:The
2433:Rome
2423:The
2419:Week
2335:QRCF
2221:ante
2213:dies
2148:Juno
2110:Eid.
2102:Idus
2096:Ides
2076:Non.
2054:Kal.
2019:Days
1998:week
1919:July
1887:and
1780:8766
1716:378
1713:355
1710:377
1707:355
1679:XII.
1524:VII.
1500:Juno
1466:Maia
1453:May
1393:Mars
1383:III.
1260:year
1251:year
1243:leap
1238:year
1230:cmn.
1225:year
1172:Ovid
1143:and
1123:and
1113:Livy
1002:and
980:and
954:Numa
932:304
820:July
810:Juno
799:June
789:Maia
746:Mars
687:and
560:Cato
363:and
361:Gaul
322:Livy
315:Juno
240:and
218:Kal.
183:ides
156:week
148:days
118:and
103:and
91:The
9174:Old
8858:Art
8631:Rex
8475:Dux
8389:Law
7865:Era
7793:Pax
6994:ISO
6362:doi
6149:",
5953:OED
5951:",
5934:OED
5932:",
5915:OED
5913:",
5896:OED
5894:",
5877:OED
5875:",
5858:OED
5856:",
5839:OED
5837:",
5817:OED
5815:",
5794:OED
5792:",
5775:OED
5773:",
5756:OED
5754:",
5737:OED
5735:",
5718:OED
5716:",
5648:177
5601:176
5576:175
5363:330
5311:219
5011:217
4775:218
4713:216
4476:of
4167:in
4099:).
4096:AVC
4093:or
4067:. (
3942:377
3753:28
3727:27
3701:26
3675:25
3649:24
3623:23
3597:22
3571:21
3545:20
3519:19
3493:18
3467:17
3441:16
3415:15
3389:14
3240:13
3214:12
3188:11
3162:10
2749:Feb
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