269:
240:
255:
211:
226:
81:
20:
47:
69:, and provided a place for the public to go and see numerous events. However, they are two entirely different structures, with specific layouts that lend to the different events they held. Amphitheatres did not need superior acoustics, unlike those provided by the structure of a Roman theatre. While amphitheatres would feature races and
38:. Much of the architectural influence on the Romans came from the Greeks, and theatre structural design was no different from other buildings. However, Roman theatres have specific differences, such as generally being built upon their own foundations instead of earthen works or a hillside and being completely enclosed on all sides.
159:
was hollowed out of a hill or slope, while the outer radian seats required structural support and solid retaining walls. This was not always the case as Romans tended to build their theatres regardless of the availability of hillsides. All theatres built within the city of Rome were completely
179:
Some Roman theatres, constructed of wood, were torn down after the festival for which they were erected concluded. This practice was due to a moratorium on permanent theatre structures that lasted until 55 BC when the
357:", The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization. Ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. Oxford University Press, 1998. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Northwestern University. 11 May 2007.
73:, theatres hosted events such as plays, pantomimes, choral events, orations, and commerce. Their design, with its semicircular form, enhances the natural acoustics, unlike Roman amphitheatres constructed
115:
These buildings were semi-circular and possessed certain inherent architectural structures, with minor differences depending on the region in which they were constructed. The
58:, from Spain to the Middle East. Because of the Romans' ability to influence local architecture, we see numerous theatres around the world with uniquely Roman attributes.
2381:
127:
was a wall that supported the front edge of the stage with ornately decorated niches off to the sides. The
Hellenistic influence is seen through the use of the
544:
268:
155:
was sometimes constructed on a small hill or slope in which stacked seating could be easily made in the tradition of the Greek theatres. The center of the
354:
187:
Inside Rome, few theatres have survived the centuries following their construction, providing little evidence about the specific theatres. The
431:
184:
was built with the addition of a temple to avoid the law. Some Roman theatres show signs of never having been completed in the first place.
973:
1015:
1003:
239:
1062:
396:
978:
2350:
988:
2295:
983:
717:
2265:
1090:
617:
2355:
2230:
1383:
936:
210:
607:
254:
2275:
1035:
602:
597:
573:
424:
335:
35:
2290:
963:
612:
539:
199:, reminiscent of why Western Roman theatre designs, however, stripped of its ornamental stone columns and statues.
2376:
556:
489:
369:
1310:
1235:
993:
303:
1806:
1646:
1250:
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417:
2345:
2270:
2029:
1085:
968:
514:
2305:
1969:
1861:
1631:
1403:
1225:
1133:
998:
941:
225:
2325:
1373:
1300:
1220:
1168:
1158:
1110:
457:
217:
231:
1926:
1836:
1345:
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1305:
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1153:
955:
260:
2335:
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2255:
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1330:
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1125:
1115:
820:
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452:
293:
245:
188:
2340:
2330:
2280:
2260:
2074:
2049:
2014:
1896:
1621:
1268:
1030:
561:
288:
85:
2310:
2240:
2064:
1816:
1616:
1611:
1408:
1315:
1240:
1203:
1188:
1163:
1143:
1045:
274:
2320:
2285:
1974:
1841:
1741:
1666:
1531:
1494:
870:
534:
74:
1964:
176:, passages situated below or behind a tier of seats, were made available to the audience.
8:
2250:
2099:
1901:
1771:
1721:
1040:
637:
2300:
2024:
1831:
1686:
1626:
1546:
1489:
1353:
589:
568:
378:
298:
62:
1939:
1934:
1786:
1541:
1501:
1479:
687:
331:
181:
1999:
1959:
1891:
1826:
1751:
1746:
1518:
1441:
1388:
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642:
467:
2149:
1791:
1526:
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192:
66:
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1681:
1651:
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1077:
890:
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484:
117:
91:
80:
19:
2159:
2019:
1464:
1413:
1368:
1363:
1215:
1025:
911:
855:
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622:
506:
440:
55:
1954:
1576:
1398:
1288:
682:
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2119:
2084:
1876:
1811:
1801:
1696:
1581:
1469:
1052:
1020:
765:
692:
524:
519:
172:
123:
107:
99:
46:
409:
382:
2209:
2204:
2164:
2089:
2059:
2039:
1916:
1856:
1766:
1716:
1711:
1636:
1596:
1484:
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790:
669:
170:) could be pulled overhead to provide shelter from rain or sunlight.
70:
2169:
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2144:
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2044:
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2004:
1994:
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1979:
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880:
770:
697:
529:
166:
121:
was a high back wall of the stage floor, supported by columns. The
95:
2189:
2184:
2174:
2139:
2134:
2124:
2069:
2054:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1821:
1776:
1756:
1736:
1691:
1423:
1278:
1057:
865:
860:
750:
195:, is a good example of a classic Roman theatre, with an indented
65:
of ancient Rome. They were constructed out of the same material,
2199:
2079:
2009:
1949:
1944:
1911:
1671:
1656:
1606:
1586:
1008:
885:
780:
133:
1984:
1706:
1433:
725:
147:
103:
34:
derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier
24:
2194:
1761:
1701:
1283:
659:
755:
367:
Ros, Karen E. (1996). "The Roman
Theater at Carthage".
141:. The theatre itself was divided into the stage (
2368:
2382:Lists of ancient Roman buildings and structures
137:, which sometimes supported the columns of the
54:Roman theatres were built in all areas of the
425:
16:Theatre building built in ancient Roman times
160:man-made without the use of earthworks. The
61:Similarities exist between the theatres and
349:
347:
432:
418:
344:
79:
45:
18:
439:
321:
319:
2369:
399:, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
355:"Theatres (Greek and Roman), structure
50:Standard floor plan of a Roman theatre
413:
325:
330:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
316:
366:
13:
397:"The Uncompleted Theatres of Rome"
14:
2393:
164:was not roofed, rather, awnings (
328:Principles of Roman Architecture
267:
253:
238:
224:
209:
370:American Journal of Archaeology
131:. The Roman theatre also had a
41:
403:55.1 (2003) 67–79 10 May 2007.
389:
360:
304:Gallo-Roman Theater of Lisieux
1:
309:
1004:Frontiers and fortifications
94:2) Porticus post scaenam 3)
7:
1063:Decorations and punishments
326:Jones, Mark Wilson (2000).
282:
145:) and the seating section (
10:
2398:
1970:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
545:historiography of the fall
202:
2351:External wars and battles
2218:
2112:
1925:
1517:
1510:
1432:
1344:
1249:
1124:
1076:
954:
904:
843:
834:
716:
668:
588:
505:
475:
466:
448:
353:Richard Allan Tomlinson.
218:Roman Theatre of Aspendos
261:Roman Theatre at Palmyra
2346:Roman–Iranian relations
821:Optimates and populares
294:Theatre of ancient Rome
246:Roman Theatre of Orange
189:Roman Theatre of Orange
2377:Ancient Roman theatres
2356:Civil wars and revolts
1622:Sextus Pompeius Festus
1269:Conflict of the Orders
628:Legislative assemblies
395:, Constance Campbell.
289:List of Roman theatres
232:Roman Theatre (MĂ©rida)
112:
86:Roman theatre of Bosra
51:
28:
2065:Simplicius of Cilicia
1817:Quintus Curtius Rufus
1046:Siege in Ancient Rome
655:Executive magistrates
275:Plovdiv Roman theatre
106:7) Aditus maximus 8)
84:Interior view of the
83:
49:
22:
2075:Stephanus Byzantinus
1980:Eusebius of Caesaria
1842:Sidonius Apollinaris
1532:Ammianus Marcellinus
871:Tribune of the plebs
2251:Distinguished women
1902:Velleius Paterculus
1742:Nicolaus Damascenus
1722:Marcellus Empiricus
1111:Republican currency
71:gladiatorial events
2025:Phlegon of Tralles
1832:Seneca the Younger
1306:Naming conventions
1036:Personal equipment
569:Later Roman Empire
299:Roman architecture
113:
52:
29:
2364:
2363:
2326:Pontifices maximi
2108:
2107:
1965:Diogenes Laërtius
1787:Pliny the Younger
1542:Asconius Pedianus
1502:Romance languages
1374:Civil engineering
1116:Imperial currency
989:Political control
950:
949:
584:
583:
182:Theatre of Pompey
23:Roman theatre at
2389:
2316:Magistri equitum
2231:Cities and towns
2224:
2150:Constantinopolis
1960:Diodorus Siculus
1892:Valerius Maximus
1827:Seneca the Elder
1747:Nonius Marcellus
1515:
1514:
1068:Hippika gymnasia
1031:Infantry tactics
937:Consular tribune
927:Magister equitum
876:Military tribune
841:
840:
801:Pontifex maximus
796:Princeps senatus
786:Magister militum
552:Byzantine Empire
473:
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102:5) Orchestra 6)
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1940:AĂ«tius of Amida
1921:
1907:Verrius Flaccus
1887:Valerius Antias
1847:Silius Italicus
1782:Pliny the Elder
1727:Marcus Aurelius
1602:Cornelius Nepos
1552:Aurelius Victor
1506:
1428:
1340:
1274:Secessio plebis
1245:
1120:
1072:
946:
900:
830:
712:
664:
580:
501:
462:
444:
438:
408:
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401:Theatre Journal
394:
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216:Well preserved
214:
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12:
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5:
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2007:
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1997:
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1987:
1982:
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1792:Pomponius Mela
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1527:Aelius Donatus
1523:
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1505:
1504:
1499:
1498:
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1495:Ecclesiastical
1492:
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1236:Toys and games
1233:
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776:Vigintisexviri
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748:
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738:
736:Cursus honorum
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193:Orange, France
67:Roman concrete
43:
40:
36:Greek theatres
32:Roman theatres
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2176:
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2141:
2138:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
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1968:
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1682:Julius Paulus
1680:
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1618:
1617:Fabius Pictor
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
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1516:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1496:
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1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Amphitheatres
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
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1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
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1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
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1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
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1248:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Deforestation
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Siege engines
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
974:Establishment
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:
953:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:Extraordinary
903:
897:
894:
892:
891:Promagistrate
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
719:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:Twelve Tables
676:
675:
673:
671:
667:
661:
658:
656:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
593:
591:
587:
575:
572:
571:
570:
567:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
510:
508:
504:
498:
495:
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
474:
471:
469:
465:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
442:
435:
430:
428:
423:
421:
416:
415:
412:
402:
398:
392:
384:
380:
377:(3): 449–89.
376:
372:
371:
363:
356:
350:
348:
339:
337:0-300-08138-3
333:
329:
322:
320:
315:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
276:
270:
265:
262:
256:
251:
247:
241:
236:
233:
227:
222:
219:
212:
207:
206:
200:
198:
197:scaenae frons
194:
190:
185:
183:
177:
175:
174:
169:
168:
163:
158:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:scaenae frons
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
119:
118:scaenae frons
110:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Scaenae frons
87:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:amphitheaters
59:
57:
48:
39:
37:
33:
26:
21:
2296:Institutions
2160:Leptis Magna
2113:Major cities
2020:Philostratus
1807:Quadrigarius
1627:Rufus Festus
1490:Contemporary
1418:
1211:Romanization
1134:Architecture
741:Collegiality
590:Constitution
441:Ancient Rome
400:
391:
374:
368:
362:
327:
196:
186:
178:
171:
165:
161:
156:
152:
146:
142:
138:
132:
128:
122:
116:
114:
89:
75:in the round
60:
53:
42:Architecture
31:
30:
2291:Geographers
1975:Dioscorides
1955:Cassius Dio
1577:Cassiodorus
1480:Renaissance
1086:Agriculture
1058:Auxiliaries
999:Engineering
836:Magistrates
688:Citizenship
683:Mos maiorum
618:Late Empire
124:proscaenium
100:Proscaenium
2371:Categories
2180:Mediolanum
2120:Alexandria
2085:Themistius
2050:Porphyrius
1877:Tertullian
1812:Quintilian
1802:Propertius
1697:Lactantius
1647:Fulgentius
1582:Censorinus
1404:Sanitation
1389:Metallurgy
1346:Technology
1311:Demography
1259:Patricians
1226:Spectacles
1184:Literature
1179:Hairstyles
1016:Technology
766:Praefectus
718:Government
708:Litigation
693:Auctoritas
638:Centuriate
525:Principate
520:Pax Romana
480:Foundation
310:References
277:, Bulgaria
191:in modern
129:proscenium
108:Vomitorium
2336:Quaestors
2266:Empresses
2256:Dynasties
2246:Dictators
2221:and other
2210:Volubilis
2205:Vindobona
2165:Londinium
2090:Theodoret
2060:Procopius
2040:Polyaenus
2015:Pausanias
1917:Vitruvius
1862:Symmachus
1857:Suetonius
1767:Petronius
1752:Obsequens
1717:Macrobius
1712:Lucretius
1637:Frontinus
1612:Eutropius
1597:Columella
1547:Augustine
1537:Appuleius
1485:Neo-Latin
1460:Classical
1451:Versions
1359:Aqueducts
1301:Patronage
1221:Sexuality
1194:Mythology
1169:Education
1159:Cosmetics
984:Campaigns
979:Structure
932:Decemviri
791:Imperator
490:overthrow
173:Vomitoria
143:orchestra
88:, Syria:
2341:Tribunes
2331:Praetors
2281:Generals
2261:Emperors
2170:Lugdunum
2155:Eboracum
2145:Carthage
2130:Aquileia
2045:Polybius
2035:Plutarch
2005:Libanius
1995:Josephus
1990:Herodian
1882:Tibullus
1797:Priscian
1772:Phaedrus
1732:Manilius
1677:Jordanes
1662:Hydatius
1592:Claudian
1572:Catullus
1562:Boëthius
1557:Ausonius
1475:Medieval
1447:Alphabet
1419:Theatres
1394:Numerals
1379:Concrete
1369:Circuses
1336:Bagaudae
1326:Adoption
1321:Marriage
1294:Assembly
1199:Religion
1174:Folklore
1154:Clothing
1149:Calendar
1106:Currency
1096:Commerce
994:Strategy
956:Military
942:Triumvir
922:Dictator
917:Interrex
896:Governor
881:Quaestor
844:Ordinary
826:Province
816:Tetrarch
806:Augustus
771:Vicarius
761:Officium
698:Imperium
648:Plebeian
608:Republic
530:Dominate
497:Republic
458:Timeline
283:See also
248:, France
167:velarium
96:Pulpitum
27:, Jordan
2311:Legions
2271:Fiction
2241:Consuls
2236:Climate
2190:Ravenna
2185:Pompeii
2175:Lutetia
2140:Bononia
2135:Berytus
2125:Antioch
2100:Zosimus
2095:Zonaras
2070:Sozomen
2055:Priscus
2030:Photius
1872:Terence
1867:Tacitus
1852:Statius
1837:Servius
1822:Sallust
1777:Plautus
1757:Orosius
1737:Martial
1692:Juvenal
1667:Hyginus
1652:Gellius
1511:Writers
1442:History
1424:Thermae
1414:Temples
1364:Bridges
1331:Slavery
1279:Equites
1251:Society
1231:Theatre
1204:Deities
1164:Cuisine
1144:Bathing
1126:Culture
1101:Finance
1078:Economy
969:Borders
964:History
866:Tribune
861:Praetor
751:Legatus
746:Emperor
633:Curiate
603:Kingdom
598:History
574:History
557:decline
515:History
485:Kingdom
468:History
453:Outline
203:Gallery
151:). The
2321:Nomina
2306:Legacy
2286:Gentes
2223:topics
2219:Lists
2200:Smyrna
2080:Strabo
2010:Lucian
2000:Julian
1950:Arrian
1945:Appian
1935:Aelian
1912:Vergil
1687:Justin
1672:Jerome
1657:Horace
1642:Fronto
1632:Florus
1607:Ennius
1587:Cicero
1567:Caesar
1465:Vulgar
1289:Tribes
1216:Romans
1026:Legion
1009:castra
886:Aedile
856:Censor
851:Consul
811:Caesar
781:Lictor
703:Status
643:Tribal
623:Senate
613:Empire
507:Empire
443:topics
383:507025
381:
334:
134:podium
56:Empire
1985:Galen
1927:Greek
1897:Varro
1707:Lucan
1519:Latin
1434:Latin
1409:Ships
1399:Roads
1384:Domes
1316:Women
1264:Plebs
1189:Music
731:Forum
726:Curia
379:JSTOR
162:cavea
157:cavea
153:cavea
148:cavea
104:Cavea
25:Amman
2301:Laws
2276:Film
2195:Roma
1762:Ovid
1702:Livy
1470:Late
1284:Gens
1241:Wine
1053:Navy
1021:Army
660:SPQR
562:fall
540:fall
332:ISBN
1455:Old
1139:Art
912:Rex
756:Dux
670:Law
375:100
98:4)
90:1)
2373::
373:.
346:^
318:^
77:.
433:e
426:t
419:v
385:.
340:.
111:.
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