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1883:, Semyonov, unable to withstand the pressure of Bolshevik forces, planned a retreat to Manchuria. Ungern, however, saw it as an opportunity to implement his monarchist plan. The ACD was then approximately 1,500 men, mostly Russian but with Cossacks, Buryat, Chinese and a few Japanese, all under Russian command, with rifles, machine guns and four artillery pieces. Ungern drove them mercilessly in training, maintaining even stricter discipline than he had previously. Minor offences were punished by lashings with bamboo; soldiers committing more serious violations were usually executed. On 7 August 1920, he broke his allegiance to Semyonov and transformed the ACD into a guerrilla detachment. After crossing the Outer Mongolian border on 1 October, they moved southwest, then moved westwards to the Mongolian capital of Urga (officially
1471:
death his cousin's pet owl for no particularly good reason other than his cruelty towards animals. Ungern-Sternberg had extreme pride in his ancient, aristocratic family and later wrote that his family had over the centuries "never taken orders from the working classes" and it was outrageous that "dirty workers who've never had any servants of their own, but still think they can command" should have any say in the ruling of the vast
Russian Empire. Ungern-Sternberg, although proud of his German origin, identified himself very strongly with the Russian Empire. When asked whether his "family had distinguished itself in Russian service", Ungern proudly answered: "Seventy-two killed in wartime!" Ungern-Sternberg believed that return to monarchies in Europe was possible with the aid of "cavalry people" – meaning
3339:
1777:, who believed in a "Russia strong and indivisible", that represented high treason. Ungern, nominally subordinate to Semyonov, also often acted independently. Kolchak was a conservative but not a monarchist, and he promised that after the victory of the Whites he would reconvene the Constituent Assembly, disbanded by the Bolsheviks in January 1918, which would then decide the future of Russia, including the question of whether to restore the monarchy. Ungern, to the contrary, believed that monarchs were accountable only to God, and the monarchy was the political system that God had chosen for Russia and so it was self-evident that it should be restored as it had been before the
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2008:, attempted to go around Urga to the west to reach China, the Russians and the Mongols feared that they were attempting to recapture Urga. Several hundred Cossack and Mongol troops were dispatched to stop the several thousand Chinese in the area of Talyn Ulaankhad Hill near the Urga–Uliastai road in central Mongolia. After a battle that raged from 30 March to 2 April in which more than a thousand Chinese and approximately 100 Mongols, Russians and Buryats were killed, the Chinese were routed and chased to the southern border of the country. Thus Chinese forces left Outer Mongolia.
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Ungern's vision and asking if the
Chinese government would be interested in resuming the dominant relationship it had had under the former emperors. Ungern thus began seeking other sources of support. Japan, believed by the Soviets to be supporting Ungern extensively, instead doubted the capability of the ACD and considered the mercurial Ungern harder to work with than Semyonov had been. The
1807:(ACD), creating a fortress where he launched attacks on Red forces. Under his rule, Dauria became a well-known "torture centre" filled with the bones of dozens of Ungern's victims, who were executed as Reds or thieves. Ungern's chief executioner had been a Colonel Laurentz, but in Mongolia, Ungern had him executed because he lost Ungern's trust under unclear circumstances.
2208:
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Djan-Zo-Lin, the war lord of
Manchuria, and with Hutukhta, the Living Buddha of Mongolia. Here in these historic plains we will organize an army as powerful as that of Genghis Khan. Then we will move, as that great man did, and smash the whole of Europe. The world must die so that a new and better world may come forth, reincarnated on a higher plane.
2302:, argued that Ungern was one of the worst military leaders ever since his campaigns in Mongolia not only were at best quixotic efforts to re-establish dead empires marked by brutality and violence directed at not only his own troops but the local populace, they ironically made it easier for the Reds to further the reach of
1416:. Ungern-Sternberg's first language was German, but he became fluent in French, Russian, English and Estonian. His mother was a German noblewoman, Sophie Charlotte von Wimpffen, later Sophie Charlotte von Ungern-Sternberg, and his father was Theodor Leonhard Rudolph Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg (1857–1918). He also had
2203:
Chinese forces slaughtered most of a 350 strong White
Russian forces in June 1921 under Colonel Kazagrandi in the Gobi desert, with only two batches of 42 men and 35 men surrendering separately as Chinese were wiping out White Russian remnants following the Soviet Red army defeat of Ungern Sternberg,
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Meanwhile, the Reds moved large numbers of troops towards
Mongolia from different directions. They had a tremendous advantage in equipment (armoured cars, aeroplanes, rail, gunboats, ammunition, human reserves etc.) and the number of troops. As a result, Ungern was defeated in battles that took place
2095:
Ungern did not interfere in
Mongolian affairs and assisted Mongols only in some issues according to orders of the Bogd Khan. Russian colonists, on the other hand, suffered cruelties from Ungern's secret police bureau led by Sipailov. A list of people known to have been killed on Ungern's orders or by
2074:
The whole world is rotten. Greed, hatred and cruelty are in the saddle. We intend to organize a new empire; a new civilization. It will be called the Middle
Asiatic Buddhist Empire, carved out of Mongolia, Manchuria and Eastern Siberia. Communication has already been established for that purpose with
1855:. The princess was given the name Elena Pavlovna; she and Ungern communicated in English, their only common language. The marriage had a political aim, as Ji was a relative of General Zhang Kuiwu, the commander of Chinese troops at the western end of the Chinese-Manchurian Railway and the governor of
1528:
against the Baltic-German nobility, who owned most of the land. Aristocrats were lynched and their estates burned down, among them the one at
Jerwakant where Ungern-Sternberg had grown up. These events were traumatic for Ungern-Sternberg, confirming his belief that the Estonian peasants who worked on
2253:
On 17 August, Rezukhin was murdered. A day later, conspirators attempted to assassinate Ungern. Ungern managed to evade the conspirators twice and retreated to a detachment made up exclusively of local Mongol soldiers. They did not want to take on the mutineers, nor side with Ungern and did not want
2167:
Spies and various smaller diversionary units went ahead to spread terror to weaken Ungern's forces. Ungern organised an expedition to meet these forces in
Siberia and to support ongoing anti-Bolshevik rebellions. Believing that he had the unwavering popular support of locals in Siberia and Mongolia,
1585:
Ungern-Sternberg was notorious for his heavy drinking and exceptionally cantankerous moods. In one such brawl, his face was scarred when the officer that he fought struck him with his sword. It was also rumored that brain damage from the injury had affected his sanity. However, a special study found
1502:
in Reval. His school records show an unruly, bad-tempered young man who was constantly in trouble with his teachers because of frequent fights with other cadets and breaking other school rules: smoking in bed, growing long hair, leaving without permission, etc., which finally led the schoolmaster to
2110:
The presence of the
Japanese unit in the division is often explained as evidence that Japan stood behind Ungern in his actions in Mongolia. Studies of their interrogations from Japanese archives revealed that they were mercenaries serving on their own, like other nationals in the division, and that
1913:
The Chinese had tightened their control of Outer Mongolia by then by strictly regulating Buddhist services in monasteries and imprisoning Russians and Mongols, whom they considered "separatists". According to the memoirs of M. G. Tornovsky, the ACD numbered 1,460 men, while the Chinese garrison was
1540:
In 1906, Ungern was transferred to the Pavlovsk Military School, in St. Petersburg, as a cadet of ordinary rank. As an army cadet, he proved to be a better student than he ever was as a naval cadet, and he actually studied his course material, but in the words of Palmer, he was a "mediocre student"
1969:, "buy-sell-city"). The second moved westwards towards the Consular Settlement. Upon reaching the Maimaicheng, Ungern had his men smash their way in by blasting the gates with explosives and improvised battering rams. After breaking in, a general slaughter set in, as both sides fought with sabres.
1562:
in Tibetan and Mongol folklore). Comparison of old narrations collected by B. Rinchen with scattered memoir data and memories preserved in Mongolia suggested that Ungern could be associated with Gesar, who in some Buddhist representations of the Mongols was considered the god of war and associated
2215:
Although they had captured Urga, the Red forces failed to defeat the main forces of the Asiatic Division (Ungern's and Rezukhin's brigades). Ungern regrouped and attempted to invade Transbaikal, across the Russo-Mongolian border. To rally his soldiers and local people, he quoted an agreement with
1972:
After the capture of Maimacheng, Ungern joined his troops attacking Chinese troops at the Consular Settlement. After a Chinese counterattack, Ungern's soldiers retreated a short distance northeast and then launched another attack with the support of another Cossack and Mongolian detachment, which
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philosophy" and often spoke of the mystical powers possessed by "geometrical symbols". Keyserling called Ungern-Sternberg "one of the most metaphysically and occultly gifted men I have ever met" and believed that the baron could read minds. Later, in Mongolia, Ungern became a Buddhist but did not
1470:
As a boy, Ungern-Sternberg was noted for being such a ferocious bully that even the other bullies feared him and several parents forbade their children from playing with him as he was a "terror". Ungern was well known for his love of torturing animals, and at the age of 12 he tried to strangle to
1984:
After the battle, Ungern's troops, initially welcomed as liberators by a populace tired of living under Chinese rule, began plundering Chinese stores and killing Russian Jews who were living in Urga, as the Cossacks had also been set against the Jews. Ungern himself ordered the Jews to be killed
1976:
The capital city was finally taken on the evening of 4 February. Chinese civilian administrators and military commanders abandoned their soldiers and fled northwards from Urga in 11 cars in the night of 3–4 February. Chinese troops fled northward on 4 and 5 February. They massacred any Mongolian
1992:
Several days later, Ungern stopped the looting, but his secret police bureau, led by Colonel Leonid Sipailov, who had already developed a reputation for serious brutality under Ungern in Russia, continued searching for "Reds". Between 11 and 13 March, Ungern captured a fortified Chinese base at
1929:
Ungern's troops began moving from their camp to Urga on 31 January. On 2 February, they battled for control of Chinese front lines and secured parts of Urga. His detachment, led by B. P. Rezukhin, captured Chinese front-line fortifications near Small Madachan and Big Madachan settlements in the
1905:
Ungern's devotion to harsh discipline remained unabated. After learning that a lieutenant he had initially favored and put in command of the medical division had, during the retreat, sexually assaulted the nurses (many of whom were married to other officers), looted settlements the unit passed
2079:
Hutukhta did not share Ungern's enthusiasm for re-establishing monarchy across the continent, knowing that his small army would likely be vanquished by the Soviets or Chinese long before any of these ambitions could be realized. In April 1921 he wrote to Beijing distancing Outer Mongolia from
1810:
Like many other White units, Ungern's troops used "requisitions" of freight on Manchuria-bound trains passing through Dauria, as supplies. Their confiscations did not significantly diminish the supplies of Kolchak's forces, but private Russian and Chinese merchants lost considerable property.
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personal lifestyle, was disgusted by his mentor's corruption and debauchery. In particular, the virulently antisemitic Ungern was so outraged by Semyonov's public affair with a Jewish cabaret singer that he named one of his horses after her. Semyonov was also uninterested in ensuring that his
2306:, a goal Ungern bitterly opposed. His expedition to Mongolia and conquest of Urga, by driving the Chinese out the country, also eliminated the one force in the region which might have been a match for the Red Army and made it inevitable that the Soviets would invade. The establishment of the
1826:
to China. This action violated the terms of a tripartite Russian-Mongolian-Chinese agreement concluded in 1915 that secured Mongolian autonomy and did not allow the presence of Chinese troops except minimal consular guards. Although the Anhui party was supported by Japan, indications of
1715:, but their contribution to Russia's war effort was limited. Afterwards, the Assyrian scheme led Semyonov to the idea of placing Buryat troops in Siberia. The Kerensky government gave its approval, and Ungern-Sternberg soon headed east to join his friend in raising a Buryat regiment.
2254:
to kill Ungern himself. They left him immobilized and fled. The rest of the brigade broke apart during its retreat towards the Chinese border (with the ultimate aim being the Far Eastern Republic). On 20 August, Ungern was captured by a Soviet detachment, led by guerrilla commander
2059:, about his adventures in Siberia and Mongolia. Comparison of Ossendowski's diary with his book and documents on Mongolia revealed that his reports on Mongolia at Ungern are largely true, except for a few stories. Ossendowski was the first to describe Ungern's views in terms of
2096:
others on their pretext, both in Russia and Mongolia, confirms the deaths of 846 people, approximately 100–120 from Urga, about 3–8% of the total foreign colony population. Ungern's unrelenting harshness contributed to discontent that later erupted in mutiny among his troops.
2223:
After several days of rest, the Asiatic Division started its raid into Soviet territory on 18 July. The eyewitnesses Kamil Giżycki and Mikhail Tornovsky gave similar estimates of their numbers: about 3000 men in total. Ungern's troops penetrated deep into Russian territory.
2518:, but that would have required briefly marching across China, where local troops might not have received Ungern well in the wake of his slaughter of the Chinese troops in Urga, and in any event the remaining Whites did not share Ungern's desire to restore the monarchy
1660:. These decorations were offset by disciplinary issues: he was eventually discharged from one of his command positions for attacking another officer and a hall porter during a drunken rage in October 1916, for which he was sentenced to two months in prison after a
2796:
Kuzmin_S_L_Mitruev_B_L_2023_Baron_R_F_von_Ungern_Sternberg_as_the_God_of_War_historical_and_religious_grounds_ Kuzmin, S.L. and Mitruev, B.L. Baron R. F. von Ungern-Sternberg as the God of War: historical and religious grounds. – Oriental Courier. 2023, no 3, pp.
2235:, which they occupied on 1 August. By then, Ungern had understood that his offensive was ill-prepared, and he had heard about the approach of large Red forces. On 2 August 1921, he began his retreat to Mongolia, where he declared his determination to fight
1447:, where his parents divorced in 1891. In 1894 his mother married the Baltic-German nobleman Oskar Anselm Hermann Freiherr von Hoyningen-Huene. Ungern-Sternberg grew up in the Governorate, with his home being the Hoyningen-Huene estate at Jerwakant (modern
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Ungern failed to strengthen his troops properly, although he was vastly outnumbered and outgunned by the Red forces. He did not know that the Reds had successfully crushed uprisings in Siberia and that Soviet economic policies had temporarily softened in
1830:
After the fall of Anhui party rule in China, Chinese soldiers in Mongolia found themselves effectively abandoned. They rebelled against their commanders, plundering and killing Mongols and foreigners. Some of the Chinese troops during the occupation were
2204:
and other Buryat and White Russian remnants of Ungern-Sternberg's army were massacred by Soviet Red Army and Mongol forces in the same summer, in Uliastai Mongols beat Colonel Vangdabov's Buryats to death with clubs for being loyal to Ungern-Sternberg.
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In the spring, the Asiatic Cavalry Division was divided into two brigades: one under the command of Lieutenant General Ungern and the second under Major General Rezukhin. In May, Rezukhin's brigade launched a raid beyond the Russian border, west of the
1997:, between the Otsol Uul and Choiryn Bogd Uul Mountains, south of Urga. Ungern had 900 troops and the Chinese defenders about 1500. After capturing Choir, Ungern returned to Urga. His detachments, consisting of Cossacks and Mongols, moved southward to
1710:
led to thousands of Assyrians fleeing to the Russian lines. Ungern and Semyonov organised Assyrian troops to serve as an example for the Russian army, generally demoralised by the revolutionary mood. The Assyrians scored some minor victories over the
1956:
Early on 4 February, Ungern launched an assault on the Chinese White barracks from the east, captured them and divided his forces into two parts. The first launched a major assault on the remaining Chinese positions in the Chinese trade settlement
1985:
except for those who had notes from him sparing their lives. It has been estimated by surviving archival documents and memoirs that 43–50 Jews were killed during Ungern's stay in Mongolia, about 5–6% of all those executed under his orders. This
1898:, in Setsen-Khan Aimag, a district ruled by princes with the title Setsen Khan, in eastern Outer Mongolia. He was supported by Mongols who sought independence from Chinese occupation, especially the spiritual and secular leader of Mongols, the
4171:
1953:, he ordered his troops to light a large number of campfires in the hills surrounding Urga and to use them as reference points for Rezukhin's detachment. That made the town appear to be surrounded by an overwhelming force.
1842:
As part of his plans, Ungern travelled to Manchuria and China between February and September 1919, establishing contacts with monarchist circles and making preparations for Semyonov to meet the Manchurian warlord Marshal
2031:
to Urga on 21 February 1921. On 22 February, a solemn ceremony took place to restore the Bogd Khan to the throne. As a reward for ousting the Chinese from Urga, the Bogd Khan granted Ungern the high hereditary title
1640:, he gained a reputation as an extremely brave but somewhat reckless and mentally unstable officer. Showing no fear of death, he seemed happiest leading cavalry charges and being in the thick of combat. General
1980:
Russian settlers who supported the Reds moved from Urga, together with the fleeing Chinese troops. During the capture of Urga, the Chinese lost about 1500 men, and Ungern's forces suffered about 60 casualties.
2054:
Ossendowski had served as an official in Kolchak's government and, after its collapse, fled to Mongolia. He became one of Ungern's very few friends, and in 1922, published a best-selling book in English,
1503:
write his stepfather and mother in February 1905 asking them to withdraw him from the school or he would be expelled. They chose the former, and Ungern joined the fighting in eastern Russia during the
1563:
with Jamsaran. Although many Mongols may have believed him to be a deity or at the very least a re-incarnation of Genghis Khan, Ungern was never officially proclaimed to be any of those incarnations.
3538:
4168:
1792:, Ungern received the rank of major-general. Semyonov entrusted him with forming military units to battle Bolshevik forces. They enrolled Buryats and Mongols in their national military units.
1458:
1566:
After graduating, he specifically asked to be stationed with a Cossack regiment in Asia, to learn more about Asian culture. His request was granted, and he served as an officer in eastern
2354:, to build a statue of von Ungern-Sternberg. After the funding was met with a backlash, the group announced that it would turn down the funding and rely on private donations instead.
1894:
On 26–27 October and again on 2–4 November 1920, Ungern's troops assaulted Urga but suffered disastrous losses. After the defeat, his forces retreated to the upper currents of the
1946:
rescued the Bogd Khan from house arrest and transported him through the Bogd Uul to Manjushri Monastery. At the same time, another detachment moved to the mountains east of Urga.
1593:
to assist the Mongols in their struggle for independence from China, but Russian officials prevented him from fighting on the side of Mongolian troops. He arrived in the town of
1683:
was an extremely bitter blow to the monarchist Ungern-Sternberg, who saw it as the beginning of the end of Russia. In the Caucasus, Ungern-Sternberg first met Cossack Captain
1795:
During this time, Semyonov and Ungern grew personally distant although neither admitted it publicly. Ungern, whose interest in Buddhism had led him to follow an increasingly
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and restored the monarchic power of the Bogd Khan. During his five-month occupation of Outer Mongolia, Ungern imposed order on the capital city, Ikh Khüree (now
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The Bolsheviks started infiltrating Mongolia shortly after the October Revolution, long before they took control of the Russian Transbaikal. In 1921, various
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1891:). There, he entered into negotiations with Chinese occupying forces. All of his demands, including the disarmament of Chinese troops, were rejected.
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In 1898, his father was briefly imprisoned for fraud; a year later he was committed to the local insane asylum. From 1900 to 1902 Ungern attended the
2342:
with the goal of promoting von Ungern-Sternberg's memory. The group was subsequently granted €45 000 in funding by the three parties in the Estonian
2067:
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1451:, Estonia), deep in the forests, about 65 kilometres (40 miles) from Reval. In the summer, Ungern-Sternberg lived on the Baltic island of Dagö (now
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subordinates followed his orders. Combined with Ungern's tendency to act on his own, this greatly impaired their combined military effectiveness.
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Krauthoff, Berndt. "Ich befehle! Kampf und Tragödie des Barons Ungern-Sternberg." (Strife and Glory in English) — Bremen: Carl Schünemann, 1938.
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and pointed to a supposed Japanese offensive that was to support their drive, but neither Semyonov nor the Japanese were eager to assist him.
1754:
After the White troops defeated the Reds on a section of the FER line in Russia, Semyonov appointed Ungern commandant of troops stationed in
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Kuzmin, S. L. 2016. Theocratic Statehood and the Buddhist Church in Mongolia in the Beginning of the 20th Century. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press,
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began an attack from the northeast and northwest. Ungern's troops gradually moved westwards in Urga, pursuing retreating Chinese soldiers.
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leave the Lutheran faith. There is a widespread view that he was viewed by Mongols as the incarnation of the "God of War" (the figure of
892:
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3768:
3710:
1770:, the nominal leader of the Whites in Siberia. Instead, he acted independently and was supported by the Japanese with arms and money.
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his family's lands were all "rough, untutored, wild and constantly angry, hating everybody and everything without understanding why".
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and then to Tibet. Troops under both Ungern and Rezukhin effectively mutinied and hatched plots to kill their respective commanders.
2040:, and other privileges. Other officers, lamas and princes who had participated in these events also received high titles and awards.
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1914:
7,000 strong. The Chinese had the advantage in artillery and machine guns and had built a network of trenches in and around Urga.
1739:. Late that year, they and five Cossacks peacefully disarmed a group of about 1,500 Reds at a railway station in Manchuria on the
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through and ordered all the wounded fatally poisoned because they were "a nuisance", Ungern ordered the man flogged and then
1762:. Semyonov and Ungern, though fervently anti-Bolshevik, were not typical of the figures to be found in the leadership of the
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On 19 July 1914, Ungern joined frontline forces as part of the second-turn 34th Regiment of Cossack troops stationed on the
1226:
1507:. It is unclear whether he saw action against the Japanese or if all military operations had ceased before his arrival in
2088:, then in control of most of Manchuria, to whom Ungern offered the throne of a hypothetical empire that would stretch to
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1766:, as their plans differed from those of the main White leaders. Semyonov refused to recognize the authority of Admiral
1597:, in western Mongolia, and served as an out-of-staff officer in the Cossack guard detachment at the Russian consulate.
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3346:, Rossiya i Mongoliya: Novyi Vzglyad na Istoriyu (Diplomatiya, Ekonomika, Kultura), 2015, vol. 4. Irkutsk, pp. 103–14.
2001:, a frontier settlement and another Chinese base. The defending Chinese soldiers abandoned Zamyn-Üüd without a fight.
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of 1905. For Ungern, the opinions of the people of Russia were irrelevant, as monarchs were not accountable to them.
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After Kolchak's defeat by the Reds and Japan's subsequent decision to withdraw its expeditionary troops from the
1743:(FER) in China, near the Russian border. They maintained it as a stronghold in their preparations for war in the
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Jennings, John M. (2022). "Roman Fedorovich von Ungern-Sternberg". In Jennings, John M.; Steele, Chuck (eds.).
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at best. During the same period, Ungern-Sternberg became obsessed with the occult and developed an interest in
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Keyserling, Graf von, "Reise durch die Zeit-Abenteuer der Seele", vol. II (1948; reprinted Buenos Aires, 1951)
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In 1919, taking advantage of the instability in Russia, the Chinese government, established by members of the
3321:, Studia Historica Instituti Historiae Academiae Scientiarum Mongoli, 2011–12, vol. 41–42, no 14, pp. 182–217
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The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia
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The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia
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Quenoy, Paul du. “Warlordism à la russe: Baron von Ungern-Sternberg’s Anti-Bolshevik Crusade, 1917–1921,”
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nation, after the death of the Bogd Khan in 1924 could not have happened without Ungern, Jennings writes.
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who was a soldier in Ungern's forces, describes the millenarist beliefs common among Ungern's supporters:
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between 11 and 13 June, and he failed to capture Troitskosavsk. Combined Bolshevik and Red Mongol forces
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The Soviets declared martial law in areas where the Whites were expected, including Verkhneudinsk (now
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invaded the newly independent Mongolia to defeat Ungern. The forces included the Red Mongolian leader
1731:
in 1917, Semyonov and Ungern declared their allegiance to the Romanovs, making themselves part of the
1360:. That action ultimately led to his defeat and capture two months later. He was taken prisoner by the
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1847:, the "Old Marshal". In July 1919, Ungern married the Manchurian princess Ji, who was just 19, in an
1549:, who later knew him well, wrote that the baron was very curious from his teenage years onward with "
131:
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While Ungern's troops wanted to abandon the war effort, head towards Manchuria and join with other
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2184:. Ungern's brigade left Urga and slowly moved to the Russian town of Troitskosavsk (present-day
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Kuzmin, S. L. and Rejt, L. J. Notes by F. A. Ossendowski as a source on the history of Mongolia
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2231:, the capital of Buryatia). Ungern's troops captured many settlements, the northernmost being
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Japan-inspired Chinese occupation of Outer Mongolia have not yet been confirmed by documents.
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2176:. Upon Ungern's arrival in Siberia, few local peasants and Cossacks volunteered to join him.
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Willard Sunderland, The Baron’s Cloak, A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution
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Ungern is a major antagonist in Nicholas Pullen's 2024 fantasy horror novel The Black Hunger
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902:
822:
347:
2157:
8:
3311:
The battle at Ulaankhad, one of the main events in the fight for independence of Mongolia
2397:("Ungern-Sternberg, romantic knight / You wait for death like a lover for his fiancée").
2173:
1740:
1676:
1653:
1645:
1574:
regiments, where he became enthralled with the lifestyle of nomadic peoples, such as the
1550:
1314:
1195:
1158:
656:
636:
621:
511:
458:
453:
369:
359:
242:
4000:(1929). Przez Urjanchaj i Mongolje. Lwow – Warszawa: wyd. Zakladu Nar. im. Ossolinskich.
2207:
4107:
3967:
2394:"Ungern-Sternberg, chevalier romantique / Tu attends la mort comme un amant sa promise"
2028:
1728:
1699:
1633:
by the L.N. Punin Cavalry Special Task Force. Ungern served in the Nerchinsk Regiment.
1504:
1365:
1146:
1072:
897:
782:
686:
586:
374:
193:
4061:
Quenoy, Paul du. “Perfecting the Show Trial: The Case of Baron von Ungern-Sternberg,”
3518:
Kuzmin S.L., Batsaikhan, O., Nunami, K. and Tachibana, M. 2009. Baron Ungern and Japan
1747:
region, raising troops in a Special Manchurian Regiment, the nucleus of forces led by
1329:
and his eccentric, often violent, treatment of enemies and his own men earned him the
546:
4318:
4193:
4126:
4087:
4010:
3944:
3925:
3885:
3866:
3836:
3810:
3586:
3544:
3146:
3092:
2588:
2424:
2243:
2138:
1922:
1778:
1767:
1703:
1668:
1282:
1168:
857:
847:
797:
591:
491:
473:
468:
352:
221:
4143:
3385:, pp. 90–92, Facsimile of the original and translations of the Bogd Khan edict
2311:
2303:
2016:
1958:
1925:
of Urga in which the Chinese made their last stand and Ungern made his headquarters
1680:
1614:
1554:
1472:
1463:
1310:
1250:
1051:
872:
706:
676:
671:
651:
611:
397:
384:
50:
3997:
1930:
southeastern vicinities of Urga. During the battle Ungern's special detachment of
1126:
1121:
4175:
3800:
3524:
3464:
3457:
3440:
3343:
3336:
The Ulaan Khad: reconstruction of a forgotten battle for independence of Mongolia
3318:
2400:
Ungern-Sternberg is often mentioned in the novels of the Spanish thriller writer
1994:
1872:
1856:
1839:, a major cause of animosity between Outer Mongols (Khalkhas) and Inner Mongols.
1785:
1508:
1397:
1058:
817:
666:
626:
596:
100:
2493:). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are
2125:
bandits who were captured had their hearts cut out and sacrificed by Magsarjav.
2117:
used the words "a strange, romantic and sometimes savage figure" for the Mongol
1917:
1348:), by fear, intimidation and brutal violence against his opponents, such as the
3987:
3806:
2515:
2419:
2372:
In 1938, Ungern-Sternberg was the protagonist of a novel published in Germany,
2323:
2232:
2114:
2047:. Supreme power over Mongolia belonged to the Bogd Khan, or the 8th Bogd Gegen
1998:
1884:
1836:
1823:
1763:
1707:
1672:
1590:
1444:
1298:
1278:
1101:
877:
862:
852:
842:
812:
696:
681:
646:
641:
616:
568:
558:
534:
144:
2004:
When the remaining Chinese troops, having retreated to northern Mongolia near
1687:, later one of the most well-known Russian anticommunist warlords in Siberia.
1586:
that Ungern-Sternberg was sane, although the wound affected his irritability.
4207:
4022:
To the Back of Beyond: An Illustrated Companion to Central Asia and Mongolia
2200:
on 6 July 1921 after a few small skirmishes with Ungern's guard detachments.
2181:
2149:
2122:
1902:, who secretly sent Ungern his blessing for expelling Chinese from Mongolia.
1895:
1695:
1661:
1641:
1571:
1488:
1429:
1405:
1318:
1302:
1207:
1111:
1106:
1008:
953:
923:
887:
832:
802:
792:
701:
691:
496:
448:
40:
2246:, it soon became clear that Ungern had other ideas. He wanted to retreat to
1448:
4155:
2089:
2085:
2021:
1977:
civilians they encountered along the road from Urga to the Russian border.
1950:
1949:
The following day, he gave his soldiers a respite. Borrowing a tactic from
1844:
1815:
1626:
1594:
1425:
807:
787:
777:
601:
539:
506:
3711:"Baltic German alleged war criminal memorial planners forgo state support"
1644:
mentions Ungern's determination in his memoirs. He received the orders of
1455:), which he liked to boast had belonged to his family for over 200 years.
3921:
3685:"Coalition grants €45,000 for memorial to Baltic German war crimes baron"
2275:
2081:
1888:
1880:
1819:
1789:
1759:
1755:
1744:
1589:
In 1913, at his request, he transferred to the reserves. Ungern moved to
1413:
1369:
1345:
486:
433:
391:
335:
216:
116:
4185:
The Baron's Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution
4079:
The Baron's Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution
3971:
1867:
2580:
2446:
2412:
2263:
2121:(1877–1927). Magsarjav had served under Ungern-Sternberg. In Uriankhai
1796:
1732:
1417:
1373:
1349:
1306:
1037:
606:
563:
481:
172:
2334:(Estonian: Eesti Rahvuslased ja Konservatiivid, abbr. ERK), formed an
2282:
2281:
When the news on the Baron's execution reached the Living Buddha the
2236:
1899:
1724:
1605:
1524:
1421:
1330:
1326:
1322:
965:
428:
423:
4123:
Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia
1532:
1392:
Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg was born in
3900:
2476:
2228:
2189:
2145:
2100:
2044:
1989:
effectively eliminated Urga's entire Jewish community at the time.
1943:
1931:
1736:
1559:
1542:
1361:
1027:
364:
340:
26:
3226:
1698:, Ungern, together with Semyonov, started to organise a volunteer
1667:
After his release, in January 1917, Ungern was transferred to the
1629:. From 1915 to 1916, he also participated in rear-action raids on
1356:
to support anti-Bolshevik partisan forces and to head off a joint
2514:
There was also the possibility of joining a White remnant in the
2285:, he ordered services to be held in temples throughout Mongolia.
2185:
2005:
1939:
1935:
1832:
1774:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1452:
1436:
1409:
1353:
1286:
1174:
516:
46:
2164:
and its partisans in actions against Ungern and the government.
2103:
also served as part of his troops. They might have been sent by
2011:
1536:
R.F. Ungern in the uniform of the 91st Infantry Dvinsky Regiment
3958:
Smith, Canfield F. (1980). "The Ungernovščina – How and Why?".
3850:
Tornovsky, M. G. "Events in Mongolia-Khalkha in 1920–1921". In
2351:
2027:
Ungern, Mongolian lamas and princes brought the Bogd Khan from
1986:
1852:
1480:
1408:
family. The Ungern-Sternberg family had settled in present-day
1065:
980:
2266:
of 6 hours and 15 minutes on 15 September 1921, prosecuted by
1862:
1758:, a railway station in a strategic position east-southeast of
1428:'s grandson, which played a role in his dream of reviving the
3364:
2587:. Translated by Clark, R. T. Allen & Unwin. p. 128.
2486:
2259:
2169:
1691:
1269:; 10 January 1886 – 15 September 1921), often referred to as
3992:
Setting the East Ablaze: on Secret Service in Bolshevik Asia
3882:
The History of Baron Ungern. An Experience of Reconstruction
2422:
often feature Ungern-Sternberg, most notably his 1996 novel
2043:
On 22 February 1921, Mongolia was proclaimed an independent
3833:
Legendarnyi Baron: Neizvestnye Stranitsy Grazhdanskoi Voiny
2387:"Ungern-Sternberg" is a song by the French punk rock group
2378:
I Order! The Struggle and Tragedy of Baron Ungern-Sternberg
2374:
Ich befehle! Kampf und Tragödie des Barons Ungern-Sternberg
2247:
1393:
438:
96:
2990:
2988:
2902:
2900:
2585:
The Asian Century: A History of Modern Nationalism in Asia
1352:, Jews and Chinese. In June 1921, he travelled to eastern
3626:
3562:
3560:
3496:
3469:
3400:
3388:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3060:
3024:
3012:
2846:
2705:
2335:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3540:
Mongolia: A Political History of the Land and its People
3105:
1372:(now Novosibirsk). He was found guilty after a six-hour
4072:. Hoover Institution, Stanford University, CSUZXX697-A.
3048:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2936:
2897:
2858:
2834:
2822:
2753:
2729:
2683:
2681:
2363:
Ungern-Sternberg is the main villain in the video game
1671:
of the conflict, where Russia was fighting against the
1247:
Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg
62:
Nikolai Robert Maximilian Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg
3665:
3557:
3263:
3214:
3195:
3183:
3145:(illustrated ed.). Clarendon Press. p. 139.
3122:
3120:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2601:
2549:
4164:
Book Review 'The Bloody White Baron,' by James Palmer
4070:
The Story of Baron Ungern Told by His Staff Physician
3748:
3729:
3638:
3412:
3287:
3275:
3251:
3171:
3036:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2717:
2666:
2317:
2160:. The Soviets also began supporting the newly formed
1264:
3582:
White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian
3000:
2924:
2912:
2885:
2777:
2765:
2741:
2693:
2678:
2654:
2084:
Ungern reached out to also rejected his plans, even
4284:
People from the Russian Empire of Hungarian descent
3622:. Shanghai: Publishers AP Malyk and VP Kampina Ltd.
3599:
3492:. Shanghai: Publishers AP Malyk and VP Kampina Ltd.
3443:
in Vostok (Oriens) (Moscow), 2008. no 5, pp. 97–110
3117:
2642:
2625:
2613:
2561:
2537:
2298:In 2022, John Jennings, a history professor at the
2063:, but Ungern himself had never been a Theosophist.
4324:White movement people executed by the Soviet Union
4102:Baron Ungern von Sternberg – der letzte Kriegsgott
3080:
2801:
2407:Ungern-Sternberg is featured in the graphic novel
1875:uniform with Russian Order of St. George 4th Class
3661:. London: Cassell and Co., Ltd. pp. 268–269.
1784:Because of his successful military operations in
4294:Perpetrators of pogroms in the Russian Civil War
4205:
3585:(illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 339.
3527:, in Vostok (Oriens) (Moscow), no 5, pp. 115–133
2128:
4289:People from the Russian Empire of Tatar descent
49:under interrogation at the headquarters of the
4151:Review: The Bloody White Baron by James Palmer
3309:Kuzmin, S. L., Oyuunchimeg, J. and Bayar, B.
2274:. The sentence was carried out that night in
2012:Mongolia and Ungern (February to August 1921)
1227:
544:
4229:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
3334:Kuzmin, S.L., Oyuunchimeg, J. and Bayar, B.
2500:
2494:
2474:
2418:The novels of the Russian surrealist writer
2392:
1376:, and on 15 September 1921 he was executed.
971:Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union
4049:Bloody Baron: the Story of Ungern–Sternberg
2066:A similar novel, Asian Odyssey, written by
1863:Restoration of Outer Mongolian independence
4075:
3849:
3766:
3760:
3370:
3208:
2711:
1364:and, a month later, was put on trial for "
1305:minority, Ungern was an ultraconservative
1234:
1220:
39:
16:Russian anti-communist general (1886–1921)
4304:Russian military personnel of World War I
4299:Perpetrators of the White Terror (Russia)
4274:People executed by Russia by firing squad
3356:Knyazev, N. N. "The Legendary Baron". In
2344:coalition government in power at the time
3798:
3671:
3656:
3566:
3475:
3355:
3269:
3220:
3189:
3018:
2876:
2206:
2132:
2020:The Bogd Khan (1869–1924) in the Khan's
2015:
1916:
1866:
1604:
1570:in the 1st Argunsky and then in the 1st
1531:
1457:
1383:
1333:"the Mad Baron" or "the Bloody Baron."
4224:Anti-communists from the Russian Empire
4169:Willard Sunderland on New Books Network
3938:
3860:
3851:
3830:
3605:
3382:
3357:
3126:
2881:. St. Petersburg: Evropeiskii Dom Publ.
2469:
2467:
2332:Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives
2137:Captured Ungern-Sternberg in 1921 with
1803:In Dauria, Ungern formed the volunteer
1735:, vowing to fight the revolutionaries'
1266:Roman Fyodorovich fon Ungern-Shternberg
4309:Russian people convicted of war crimes
4279:People from the Governorate of Estonia
4206:
3915:
3898:
3879:
3865:(in Russian). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press.
3863:Baron Ungern v Dokumentakh i Memuarakh
3835:(in Russian). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press.
3771:. AndrewStuttaford.com. Archived from
3754:
3742:
3644:
3632:
3617:
3578:
3536:
3502:
3487:
3418:
3406:
3394:
3293:
3281:
3257:
3248:, New York: Basic Books, 2009, p. 154.
3232:
3177:
3111:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3006:
2994:
2979:
2967:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2906:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2816:
2783:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2723:
2699:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2619:
2607:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2543:
2328:Conservative People's Party of Estonia
2293:
3957:
3802:The Worst Military Leaders in History
3543:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 55.
3159:from the original on 21 February 2018
3142:Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia
3138:
3078:
2956:O sebe. Vospominaniya, Mysli i Vyvody
2891:
2687:
2357:
1522:, Estonian peasants went on a bloody
1336:In February 1921, at the head of the
1142:Mass killings under communist regimes
554:Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality
3960:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
2464:
1718:
1255:Роман Фёдорович фон Унгерн-Штернберг
4264:Monarchists from the Russian Empire
1773:For White leaders like Kolchak and
286:
13:
4031:. Warsaw: Ludowa Spoldzielnia Wyd.
4024:. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
3980:
3767:Stuttaford, Andrew (6 July 2009).
2318:2020 statue controversy in Estonia
1654:St. Anna of the 3rd and 4th grades
1600:
934:Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
14:
4340:
4254:Lutherans from the Russian Empire
4137:
4112:Le baron Ungern, khan des steppes
3901:"How bloody was the White Baron?"
2879:Voiskovye Partizany Velikoi Voiny
2481:is a former title (translated as
2211:Ungern-Sternberg before execution
2111:Ungern was not managed by Japan.
1404:29 December 1885] to a noble
1358:Red Army-Mongolian rebel invasion
1137:Criticism of communist party rule
278:
4244:Executed White movement generals
3861:Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004b).
3831:Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004a).
2258:, who was later a member of the
1871:Ungern-Sternberg in a Mongolian
1201:
1189:
319:
282:
4269:People of the Russian Civil War
3941:Baron Ungern, Urga i Altanbulak
3703:
3677:
3650:
3611:
3572:
3530:
3508:
3481:
3446:
3424:
3376:
3349:
3324:
3299:
3238:
3132:
3083:The land and people of Mongolia
3072:
2948:
2870:
2789:
2508:
2326:, the former youth wing of the
2300:United States Air Force Academy
1420:roots and claimed descent from
1400:, on 10 January 1886 [
274:
4329:People executed for war crimes
4249:Generals of the Russian Empire
2573:
1818:, sent troops, led by General
1658:St. Stanislas of the 3rd grade
1511:, although he was awarded the
1462:The coat of arms of the noble
1439:(Tallinn), the capital of the
1:
2525:
2442:Timeline of Mongolian history
2129:Defeat, capture and execution
1650:St. Vladimir of the 4th grade
1379:
4259:Military personnel from Graz
4234:Barons of the Russian Empire
4125:. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books.
4104:. Straelen Regin-Verl (2006)
4076:Sunderland, Willard (2014).
3943:(in Russian). Samara: Agni.
3235:, pp. 176–178, 339–341.
3139:Bulag, Uradyn Erden (1998).
2530:
2391:, which contains the lyrics
1435:In 1888 his family moved to
1388:Ungern-Sternberg as a child.
1342:Chinese troops from Mongolia
227:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
4027:Michalowski W. St. (1977).
2435:
2308:Mongolian People's Republic
1679:that ended the rule of the
1646:St. George of the 4th grade
1609:Ungern-Sternberg circa 1909
1309:who aspired to restore the
1265:
1164:Russia under Vladimir Putin
986:Union of the Russian People
406:Traditionalist conservatism
10:
4345:
3899:Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2013).
3884:. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press.
3880:Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2011).
3791:
3456:. Tikhanov Library, 2023.
3087:. Harper and Row. p.
2473:Regarding personal names:
2270:, Ungern was sentenced to
2256:Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin
1636:Throughout the war on the
1271:Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
944:Russian All-People's Union
33:Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
4146:review by Nikolaus Katzer
4121:Znamenski, Andrei (2011)
4020:Maclean, Fitzroy.(1975).
3657:Alioshin, Dmitri (1941).
2958:. Moscow: AST Publ., 2002
2409:Corte Sconta detta Arcana
2322:In late-2020, members of
2288:
2272:execution by firing squad
2162:Mongolian Communist Party
2034:darkhan khoshoi chin wang
1962:
1254:
1004:All-Russia People's Front
258:
235:
209:
199:
189:
181:
160:
137:
132:Execution by firing squad
127:
106:
83:
66:
58:
38:
23:
4190:Cornell University Press
4100:Bodisco, Theophile von.
4084:Cornell University Press
3537:Dillon, Michael (2019).
3523:21 February 2018 at the
3439:21 February 2018 at the
3342:21 February 2018 at the
3317:21 February 2018 at the
2457:
1805:Asiatic Cavalry Division
1513:Russo-Japanese War Medal
1338:Asiatic Cavalry Division
1285:and then an independent
444:Economic interventionism
301:This article is part of
204:Asiatic Cavalry Division
151:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
4314:Ungern-Sternberg family
4239:Executed mass murderers
4182:) discussing his book,
4174:4 February 2017 at the
3939:Pershin, D. P. (1999).
3769:"The Heart of Darkness"
3463:23 October 2023 at the
3079:Major, John S. (1990).
2452:Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln
2330:(EKRE) and the current
2119:Sandagdorjiyn Magsarjav
1833:Tsahar (Chahar) Mongols
1520:1905 Russian Revolution
1196:Conservatism portal
736:Sociology of Revolution
726:St Petersburg Dialogues
249:Order of Saint Vladimir
4058:, 16: 2, December 2003
4035:Ossendowski, Ferdynand
3916:Palmer, James (2008).
3579:Bisher, Jamie (2006).
2501:
2495:
2475:
2411:by the Italian writer
2393:
2212:
2141:
2077:
2024:
1926:
1876:
1621:. He took part in the
1610:
1547:Hermann von Keyserling
1537:
1467:
1441:Governorate of Estonia
1389:
1321:under the rule of the
545:
312:Conservatism in Russia
4116:Horsemen of the Sands
3618:Makeev, A.S. (1934).
3488:Makeev, A.S. (1934).
2348:Estonian Centre Party
2210:
2136:
2072:
2049:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu
2019:
1920:
1870:
1608:
1535:
1461:
1387:
949:Union of Right Forces
746:The Gulag Archipelago
182:Years of service
168:Imperial Russian Army
4063:Revolutionary Russia
4056:Revolutionary Russia
4039:Beasts, Men and Gods
3775:on 27 September 2016
3452:* Alioshin, Dmitri.
2402:Arturo Pérez-Reverte
2268:Yemelyan Yaroslavsky
2154:Far Eastern Republic
2057:Beasts, Men and Gods
1816:Anhui military party
1690:In April 1917, near
1500:Nicholas I Gymnasium
1325:. His attraction to
45:Ungern-Sternberg in
4118:, Archipelago, 2018
4065:, 19: 1, June 2006.
3635:, pp. 228–372.
3505:, pp. 406–418.
3409:, pp. 182–183.
3397:, pp. 433–436.
3373:, pp. 231–233.
3069:, pp. 141–143.
3033:, pp. 102–103.
2855:, pp. 368–369.
2294:Geopolitical impact
2278:(now Novosibirsk).
2174:New Economic Policy
2148:units belonging to
1908:burned at the stake
1741:Far Eastern Railway
1677:February Revolution
1545:. His cousin Count
1315:Russian Revolutions
1159:Russia for Russians
512:Sovereign democracy
370:Russian nationalism
264:Elena Pavlovna "Ji"
243:Order of St. George
128:Cause of death
4108:Yuzefovich, Leonid
4068:Ribo, N. M. n.d.
3114:, pp. 120–55.
2358:In popular culture
2213:
2142:
2029:Manjusri Monastery
2025:
1927:
1877:
1729:October Revolution
1700:Assyrian Christian
1611:
1538:
1505:Russo-Japanese War
1468:
1390:
1366:counter-revolution
1340:, Ungern expelled
1327:Vajrayana Buddhism
1317:and to revive the
1289:who intervened in
1147:Politics of Russia
194:Lieutenant general
4198:978-0-8014-5270-3
4149:Hughes, Kathryn.
4131:978-0-8356-0891-6
4093:978-0-8014-5270-3
4015:978-5-9907838-0-5
3994:. Don Mills, Ont.
3891:978-5-87317-692-2
3872:978-5-87317-164-4
3842:978-5-87317-175-0
3717:. 2 December 2020
3691:. 1 December 2020
3360:, pp. 67–69.
3098:978-0-397-32386-9
3057:, pp. 91–92.
2997:, pp. 94–96.
2982:, pp. 76–78.
2970:, pp. 78–81.
2945:, pp. 77–78.
2909:, pp. 67–70.
2877:Khoroshilova, O.
2867:, pp. 61–63.
2843:, pp. 39–40.
2831:, pp. 32–33.
2762:, pp. 27–30.
2738:, pp. 24–25.
2610:, pp. 22–23.
2558:, pp. 16–17.
2425:Chapayev and Void
2158:Damdin Sükhbaatar
2139:Pyotr Shchetinkin
2036:in the degree of
1923:Mongolor Building
1779:October Manifesto
1768:Alexander Kolchak
1719:Russian Civil War
1704:Assyrian genocide
1669:Caucasian Theatre
1623:Russian offensive
1283:Russian Civil War
1263:
1244:
1243:
1208:Russia portal
1169:Serfdom in Russia
1132:Anti-Ukrainianism
474:Nuclear Orthodoxy
296:
295:
222:Russian Civil War
123:(now Novosibirsk)
110:15 September 1921
4336:
4162:Goodwin, Jason.
4097:
4045:Pozner, Vladimir
4029:Testament Barona
3975:
3954:
3935:
3912:
3895:
3876:
3855:
3846:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3534:
3528:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3485:
3479:
3478:, p. 45–46.
3473:
3467:
3450:
3444:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3353:
3347:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3021:, p. 39–40.
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2954:Ataman Semenov.
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2396:
2382:Berndt Krauthoff
2312:Soviet satellite
2304:Soviet communism
2082:Chinese warlords
1964:
1749:Grigory Semyonov
1685:Grigory Semyonov
1681:House of Romanov
1615:Austro-Hungarian
1473:Russian Cossacks
1464:Ungern-Sternberg
1311:Russian monarchy
1297:. A part of the
1268:
1258:
1256:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1092:Anti-Americanism
1052:Nash Sovremennik
1033:
751:
741:
731:
550:
502:Social hierarchy
398:Pochvennichestvo
323:
313:
298:
297:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
113:
93:
91:
76:The Bloody Baron
43:
21:
20:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4204:
4203:
4176:Wayback Machine
4159:, 14 June 2008.
4140:
4135:
4094:
3983:
3981:Further reading
3978:
3951:
3932:
3892:
3873:
3843:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3535:
3531:
3525:Wayback Machine
3514:
3513:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3465:Wayback Machine
3458:"Asian Odyssey"
3451:
3447:
3441:Wayback Machine
3430:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3371:Tornovsky 2004a
3369:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3344:Wayback Machine
3330:
3329:
3325:
3319:Wayback Machine
3305:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3209:Tornovsky 2004a
3207:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3153:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2993:
2986:
2978:
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2949:
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2890:
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2815:
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2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2712:Tornovsky 2004a
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2438:
2360:
2320:
2296:
2291:
2276:Novonikolayevsk
2244:Russian émigrés
2131:
2105:13th Dalai Lama
2068:Dmitri Alioshin
2014:
1865:
1721:
1603:
1601:First World War
1572:Amursky Cossack
1382:
1370:Novonikolayevsk
1313:after the 1917
1281:general in the
1240:
1202:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1097:Anti-Chechenism
1087:
1079:
1078:
1059:Russkoye Znamya
1031:
1022:
1014:
1013:
999:
991:
990:
916:
908:
907:
763:
755:
754:
749:
739:
729:
720:
712:
711:
582:
574:
573:
547:Intelligentsiya
530:
522:
521:
492:Russian culture
469:Orthodox values
419:
411:
410:
331:
311:
292:
272:
268:
265:
254:
231:
177:
156:
117:Novonikolayevsk
115:
111:
101:Austria-Hungary
95:
94:10 January 1886
89:
87:
79:
54:
34:
31:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
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4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4202:
4201:
4166:
4160:
4147:
4139:
4138:External links
4136:
4134:
4133:
4119:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4042:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3995:
3988:Hopkirk, Peter
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3966:(4): 590–595.
3955:
3950:978-5898500030
3949:
3936:
3930:
3913:
3896:
3890:
3877:
3871:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3852:Kuzmin (2004a)
3841:
3828:
3815:
3807:Reaktion Books
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3759:
3757:, p. 243.
3747:
3745:, p. 244.
3728:
3702:
3676:
3664:
3649:
3647:, p. 302.
3637:
3625:
3610:
3598:
3591:
3571:
3556:
3550:978-1788316958
3549:
3529:
3507:
3495:
3480:
3468:
3445:
3423:
3421:, p. 184.
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3358:Kuzmin (2004a)
3348:
3323:
3298:
3296:, p. 187.
3286:
3284:, p. 417.
3274:
3262:
3260:, p. 179.
3250:
3244:Palmer, James
3237:
3225:
3213:
3194:
3182:
3180:, p. 110.
3170:
3152:978-0198233572
3151:
3131:
3116:
3104:
3097:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3045:, p. 370.
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2896:
2894:, p. 592.
2884:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2726:, p. 178.
2716:
2714:, p. 190.
2704:
2692:
2690:, p. 591.
2677:
2675:, p. 392.
2665:
2653:
2641:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2594:978-0049500082
2593:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2507:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2420:Victor Pelevin
2416:
2405:
2398:
2389:Paris Violence
2385:
2370:
2359:
2356:
2324:Blue Awakening
2319:
2316:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2233:Novoselenginsk
2130:
2127:
2115:Owen Lattimore
2013:
2010:
1885:Niislel Khuree
1864:
1861:
1837:Inner Mongolia
1824:Outer Mongolia
1764:White movement
1720:
1717:
1708:Ottoman Empire
1673:Ottoman Empire
1602:
1599:
1591:Outer Mongolia
1445:Russian Empire
1381:
1378:
1299:Russian Empire
1279:anti-communist
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1198:
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1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Anti-communism
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:Related topics
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
981:Pamyat Society
978:
976:People's Union
973:
968:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
917:
914:
913:
910:
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906:
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900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
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835:
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815:
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674:
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624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
569:White movement
566:
561:
559:Russian Empire
556:
551:
542:
537:
535:Black Hundreds
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
477:
476:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
420:
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412:
409:
408:
403:
402:
401:
389:
388:
387:
382:
377:
367:
362:
357:
356:
355:
345:
344:
343:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
316:
315:
307:
306:
294:
293:
270:
266:
263:
262:
260:
256:
255:
253:
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246:
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213:
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207:
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170:
164:
162:
158:
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148:
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139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
114:(aged 35)
108:
104:
103:
85:
81:
80:
78:
77:
74:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4341:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4114:2018, Paris,
4113:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3998:Kamil Giżycki
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3931:9780571230242
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3818:
3816:9781789145830
3812:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3674:, p. 50.
3673:
3672:Jennings 2022
3668:
3660:
3659:Asian Odyssey
3653:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3569:, p. 47.
3568:
3567:Jennings 2022
3563:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3533:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3476:Jennings 2022
3472:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3454:Asian Odyssey
3449:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3427:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3384:
3379:
3372:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3272:, p. 44.
3271:
3270:Jennings 2022
3266:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3223:, p. 43.
3222:
3221:Jennings 2022
3217:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3192:, p. 40.
3191:
3190:Jennings 2022
3186:
3179:
3174:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3019:Jennings 2022
3015:
3009:, p. 87.
3008:
3003:
2996:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2933:, p. 79.
2932:
2927:
2921:, p. 75.
2920:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2786:, p. 28.
2785:
2780:
2774:, p. 26.
2773:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2750:, p. 25.
2749:
2744:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2702:, p. 20.
2701:
2696:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2663:, p. 16.
2662:
2657:
2651:, p. 24.
2650:
2645:
2639:, p. 19.
2638:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2622:, p. 17.
2621:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2570:, p. 18.
2569:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2546:, p. 15.
2545:
2540:
2536:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2453:
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2427:
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2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:Selenga River
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:Soviet Russia
2147:
2140:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1896:Kherlen River
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1838:
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1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1662:court martial
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Pyotr Wrangel
1639:
1638:Eastern Front
1634:
1632:
1631:German troops
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1598:
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1460:
1456:
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1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:Mongol Empire
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:Baltic German
1403:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:Mongol Empire
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Baltic German
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1237:
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1199:
1197:
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1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Anti-Tatarism
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Anti-Polonism
1110:
1108:
1107:Anti-Islamism
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
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1042:
1040:
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1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1009:Izborsky Club
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:Organisations
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
961:
955:
954:United Russia
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Eurasia Party
922:
921:
920:
912:
911:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
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886:
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869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:Pobedonostsev
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:Alexander III
771:
769:
766:
765:
759:
758:
748:
747:
743:
738:
737:
733:
728:
727:
723:
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658:
655:
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650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Pobedonostsev
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:Intellectuals
578:
577:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
549:
548:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
497:Russification
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
479:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
465:
464:Law and order
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:Family values
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
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309:
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261:
257:
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228:
225:
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174:
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159:
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143:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
105:
102:
98:
86:
82:
75:
73:The Mad Baron
72:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
42:
37:
29:
28:
22:
19:
4183:
4156:The Guardian
4154:
4122:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4078:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4021:
3991:
3963:
3959:
3940:
3920:. New York:
3917:
3908:
3904:
3881:
3862:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3801:
3779:26 September
3777:. Retrieved
3773:the original
3762:
3750:
3719:. Retrieved
3714:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3688:
3679:
3667:
3658:
3652:
3640:
3628:
3619:
3613:
3606:Kuzmin 2004b
3601:
3581:
3574:
3539:
3532:
3515:(in Russian)
3510:
3498:
3489:
3483:
3471:
3453:
3448:
3431:(in Russian)
3426:
3414:
3402:
3390:
3383:Kuzmin 2004b
3378:
3366:
3351:
3335:
3331:(in Russian)
3326:
3310:
3306:(in Russian)
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3245:
3240:
3228:
3216:
3185:
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3141:
3134:
3127:Pershin 1999
3107:
3082:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2975:
2963:
2955:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2887:
2878:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2668:
2656:
2644:
2615:
2603:
2584:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2510:
2423:
2408:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2346:, EKRE, the
2340:Ungern Khaan
2339:
2321:
2310:, the first
2297:
2280:
2252:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2202:
2198:entered Urga
2194:
2178:
2166:
2143:
2113:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2090:Central Asia
2086:Zhang Zuolin
2078:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2053:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2022:Green Palace
2003:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1955:
1951:Genghis Khan
1948:
1928:
1912:
1904:
1893:
1878:
1851:ceremony in
1845:Zhang Zuolin
1841:
1829:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1783:
1772:
1753:
1722:
1689:
1666:
1635:
1627:East Prussia
1617:frontier in
1612:
1588:
1584:
1565:
1539:
1523:
1517:
1497:
1469:
1434:
1426:Genghis Khan
1391:
1335:
1275:Baron Ungern
1274:
1270:
1246:
1245:
1173:
1127:Anti-Turkism
1117:Antisemitism
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1026:
959:
958:
929:Great Russia
918:
882:
744:
734:
724:
662:Solzhenitsyn
540:Great Russia
507:Social order
396:
210:Battles/wars
121:Russian SFSR
112:(1921-09-15)
51:5th Red Army
25:
18:
4219:1921 deaths
4214:1886 births
4051:. New York.
4041:. New York.
3922:Basic Books
3755:Palmer 2008
3743:Palmer 2008
3645:Kuzmin 2011
3633:Kuzmin 2011
3503:Kuzmin 2011
3419:Palmer 2008
3407:Palmer 2008
3395:Kuzmin 2011
3294:Kuzmin 2011
3282:Kuzmin 2011
3258:Kuzmin 2011
3233:Kuzmin 2011
3178:Palmer 2008
3112:Kuzmin 2011
3067:Kuzmin 2011
3055:Kuzmin 2011
3043:Kuzmin 2011
3031:Kuzmin 2011
3007:Palmer 2008
2995:Kuzmin 2011
2980:Kuzmin 2011
2968:Palmer 2008
2943:Palmer 2008
2931:Palmer 2008
2919:Palmer 2008
2907:Kuzmin 2011
2865:Kuzmin 2011
2853:Kuzmin 2011
2841:Palmer 2008
2829:Palmer 2008
2817:Kuzmin 2011
2784:Palmer 2008
2772:Palmer 2008
2760:Kuzmin 2011
2748:Palmer 2008
2736:Palmer 2008
2724:Kuzmin 2013
2700:Palmer 2008
2673:Kuzmin 2011
2661:Palmer 2008
2649:Palmer 2008
2637:Palmer 2008
2620:Palmer 2008
2608:Kuzmin 2011
2581:Romein, Jan
2568:Palmer 2008
2556:Palmer 2008
2544:Kuzmin 2011
2152:and to the
1967:Maimaicheng
1889:Ulaanbaatar
1881:Transbaikal
1820:Xu Shuzheng
1760:Lake Baikal
1745:Transbaikal
1518:During the
1414:Middle Ages
1412:during the
1346:Ulaanbaatar
1045:Kozma Minin
903:Zhirinovsky
828:Nicholas II
768:Alexander I
762:Politicians
657:Shcherbatov
652:Shafarevich
487:Reactionism
459:Irredentism
454:Imperialism
434:Bureaucracy
392:Slavophilia
375:All-Russian
336:Eurasianism
217:World War I
153:(1917–1921)
147:(1906–1917)
67:Nickname(s)
4208:Categories
3905:Inner Asia
3822:29 January
3805:. London:
3620:God of War
3592:1135765960
3490:God of War
3163:1 February
2892:Smith 1980
2688:Smith 1980
2526:References
2447:Amur Front
2413:Hugo Pratt
2366:Iron Storm
2264:show trial
2262:. After a
2099:Dozens of
1822:, to join
1733:White Army
1723:After the
1706:under the
1702:unit. The
1449:Järvakandi
1380:Early life
1374:show trial
1350:Bolsheviks
1307:monarchist
1152:Liberalism
1038:Kievlyanin
883:von Ungern
858:Rostopchin
823:Nicholas I
719:Literature
682:Tikhomirov
592:Dostoevsky
564:White Army
482:Patriotism
418:Principles
348:Monarchism
330:Ideologies
281:;
173:White Army
138:Allegiance
90:1886-01-10
59:Birth name
3721:14 August
3695:14 August
2531:Citations
2283:Bogd Khan
2237:communism
2061:Theosophy
1999:Zamyn-Üüd
1900:Bogd Khan
1725:Bolshevik
1525:jacquerie
1515:in 1913.
1509:Manchuria
1422:Batu Khan
1418:Hungarian
1331:sobriquet
1323:Bogd Khan
1277:, was an
1260:romanized
1032:(Defunct)
966:For Truth
848:Rodzianko
813:Malyshkin
707:Zhukovsky
637:Prokhanov
627:Obolensky
429:Autocracy
424:Authority
380:Christian
259:Spouse(s)
251:4th Class
245:4th Class
185:1906–1921
4319:Warlords
4192:, 2014,
4172:Archived
3972:41046201
3521:Archived
3461:Archived
3437:Archived
3340:Archived
3315:Archived
3157:Archived
2583:(1962).
2516:Primorye
2496:Freifrau
2477:Freiherr
2436:See also
2229:Ulan-Ude
2218:Semyonov
2190:Buryatia
2146:Red Army
2101:Tibetans
2045:monarchy
1944:Russians
1932:Tibetans
1849:Orthodox
1737:Red Army
1560:Jamsaran
1543:Buddhism
1362:Red Army
1293:against
1291:Mongolia
1028:Elementy
893:Vladimir
818:Mizulina
803:Kornilov
783:Dubrovin
672:Strakhov
647:Semyonov
622:Leontiev
612:Karamzin
365:Putinism
360:Populism
341:Duginism
303:a series
200:Commands
4178:(audio
4047:(1938)
4037:(1922)
3990:(1986)
3792:Sources
2797:96–111.
2338:called
2186:Kyakhta
2006:Kyakhta
1959:Chinese
1940:Buryats
1936:Mongols
1797:ascetic
1775:Denikin
1619:Galicia
1580:Buryats
1576:Mongols
1568:Siberia
1551:Tibetan
1495:, etc.
1493:Kalmyks
1485:Mongols
1477:Buryats
1453:Hiiumaa
1443:in the
1410:Estonia
1398:Austria
1354:Siberia
1287:warlord
1262::
1251:Russian
1175:Silovik
960:Defunct
915:Parties
898:Volodin
878:Tolstoy
868:Slutsky
863:Shulgin
853:Rogozin
808:Luzhkov
798:Kolchak
793:Gryzlov
788:Durnovo
702:Wrangel
697:Vikulov
667:Sorokin
642:Rozanov
587:Aksakov
529:History
517:Statism
353:Tsarism
291:
271:
267:
47:Irkutsk
4196:
4129:
4090:
4013:
3970:
3947:
3928:
3888:
3869:
3839:
3813:
3589:
3547:
3149:
3095:
2591:
2502:Freiin
2352:Isamaa
2350:, and
2289:Legacy
2123:Kazakh
1987:pogrom
1961::
1942:, and
1887:, now
1857:Hailar
1853:Harbin
1790:Dauria
1786:Hailar
1756:Dauria
1675:. The
1489:Kyrgyz
1481:Tatars
1466:family
1073:Znamya
1066:Zavtra
939:Rodina
919:Active
888:Uvarov
873:Surkov
833:Pikhno
778:Butina
750:(1973)
730:(1821)
692:Uvarov
687:Tikhon
677:Surkov
617:Katkov
480:
285:
277:
236:Awards
161:Branch
145:Russia
53:, 1921
3968:JSTOR
2487:Baron
2458:Notes
2380:) by
2260:Cheka
2170:Lenin
1995:Choir
1835:from
1727:-led
1713:Turks
1692:Urmia
1595:Khovd
1555:Hindu
1437:Reval
1368:" in
1295:China
1021:Media
843:Putin
607:Ilyin
602:Frank
597:Dugin
385:Ultra
289:)
273:(
269:
27:Baron
4194:ISBN
4180:here
4127:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4011:ISBN
3945:ISBN
3926:ISBN
3911:(1).
3886:ISBN
3867:ISBN
3837:ISBN
3824:2024
3811:ISBN
3781:2016
3723:2023
3697:2023
3587:ISBN
3545:ISBN
3165:2014
3147:ISBN
3093:ISBN
2589:ISBN
2499:and
2248:Tuva
2038:khan
1921:The
1873:deel
1788:and
1696:Iran
1656:and
1578:and
1553:and
1402:O.S.
1394:Graz
740:1925
439:Duty
287:1920
283:div.
279:1919
190:Rank
107:Died
97:Graz
84:Born
3715:ERR
3689:ERR
3089:119
2336:NGO
2192:).
2188:in
2172:'s
1963:買賣城
1625:in
1301:'s
1273:or
4210::
4153:,
4110:.
4086:.
4082:.
3964:28
3962:.
3924:.
3909:15
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