1695:, wrote in a memo that the joint White House-Justice Department working group “has identified Benjamin C. Toledano ... as a well-qualified candidate for nomination to the existing vacancy on the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals. However, we believe the facts described below should be brought to your personal attention before further action occurs on the part of this prospective nominee.” Fielding’s memo described Toledano’s past and the opposition to his nomination by a committee of the
1771:
on all of them,"" by which
Figures said Sessions meant civil rights cases generally. After becoming Ranking Member of the Judiciary Committee, Sessions was asked in an interview about his civil rights record as a U.S. Attorney. He denied that he had not sufficiently pursued civil rights cases, saying that "when I was , I signed 10 pleadings attacking
1770:
sent the office instructions to investigate a case that
Sessions had tried to close, Figures and Sessions "had a very spirited discussion regarding how the Hodge case should then be handled; in the course of that argument, Mr. Sessions threw the file on a table, and remarked, "I wish I could decline
1815:
voting with the
Democrats. It then split 9—9 on a vote to send Sessions' nomination to the Senate floor with no recommendation, this time with Specter in support. A majority was required for the nomination to proceed. The pivotal votes against Sessions came from his home state's Democratic Senator
1820:. Although Heflin had previously backed Sessions, he began to oppose Sessions after hearing testimony, concluding that there were "reasonable doubts" over Sessions' ability to be fair and impartial. The nomination was withdrawn on July 31, 1986. Sessions became only the second nominee to the
1779:
remedies." Figures also said that
Sessions had called him "boy". He also testified that Sessions "admonished me to 'be careful what you say to white folks.'" Sessions was also reported to have called a white civil rights attorney a "disgrace to his race".
1783:
Sessions responded to the testimony by denying the allegations, saying his remarks were taken out of context or meant in jest, and also stating that groups could be considered un-American when "they involve themselves in un-American positions" on
1795:
on whether he had called the NAACP and other civil rights organizations "un-American", Sessions replied "I'm often loose with my tongue. I may have said something about the NAACP being un-American or
Communist, but I meant no harm by it."
1699:. Several days later, the White House informed Toledano that it would not proceed with his nomination, and evidence shows that Reagan himself personally made the decision. Reagan wound up nominating
4453:
2898:
1684:
1788:. Sessions said during testimony that he considered the Klan to be "a force for hatred and bigotry". In regards to the marijuana quote, Sessions said the comment was a joke but apologized.
1044:
3551:
864:
846:
1645:. Whittaker, a Republican, was dropped from consideration in December 1982 before being formally nominated, amid grassroots concerns among conservatives about Whittaker’s support of the
1568:
1138:
1120:
399:
209:
890:
732:
2846:
3094:
1006:
930:
808:
694:
4425:
1182:
1164:
3286:
3056:
1727:
Standing
Committee on the Federal Judiciary, which rates nominees to the federal bench, rated Sessions "qualified", with a minority voting that Sessions was "not qualified".
4118:
4005:
1853:
64:, was rejected by the Senate and 9 were withdrawn by Reagan, while the other 22 expired at an adjournment of the Senate, including 16 that were pending at the close of the
3903:
3519:
3977:
1739:
1676:
4280:
1767:
1226:
1208:
1082:
968:
882:
770:
4290:
3651:
1858:
1716:
4255:
4209:
1251:
656:
616:
4429:
4250:
3736:
1586:
1507:
998:
724:
285:
169:
40:
before Reagan's presidency ended, while in other cases, nominees were rejected by the Senate
Judiciary Committee or even blocked by unfriendly members of the
4325:
4300:
4265:
4232:
4219:
4214:
4149:
4124:
2925:
1634:
1453:
1074:
361:
2828:
4390:
4365:
4245:
4237:
4224:
4204:
4179:
4159:
4134:
1661:
1525:
1471:
800:
648:
583:
565:
525:
499:
481:
455:
437:
323:
247:
3049:
4295:
4285:
4270:
4194:
4184:
3644:
3461:
3415:
3035:
1374:
1036:
48:. Two of the nominees, Ferdinand Francis Fernandez and Guy G. Hurlbutt, were nominated after July 1, 1988, the traditional start date of the unofficial
4335:
4275:
4260:
4199:
4189:
4174:
4154:
3815:
3528:
3159:
1626:
922:
762:
608:
4400:
4320:
4305:
4169:
4139:
2991:
1402:
960:
4370:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4315:
4144:
3852:
3794:
3787:
2649:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4380:
4310:
3970:
3910:
3628:
2553:
4375:
4164:
4129:
4031:
3198:
4350:
4041:
3388:
3381:
3302:
2865:
4448:
4415:
3021:
3014:
2799:
3658:
4076:
4051:
4016:
3963:
3593:
3337:
3042:
1766:". Sessions later said that the comment was not serious, but apologized for it. Figures also testified that on one occasion, when the
68:. Seven of his unsuccessful nominees were subsequently nominated to federal judgeships by other presidents, and all 7 were confirmed.
52:
during a presidential election year. Eight of the thirteen seats eventually were filled by appointees of
President George H. W. Bush.
3889:
3824:
3808:
3720:
2918:
2454:
1830:
Sessions was later elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996, and re-elected in 2002, 2008 and 2014, and in
November 2016 became President
4046:
4036:
4021:
3831:
3600:
3226:
2977:
2952:
2943:
4086:
4026:
4011:
3729:
3679:
3672:
3482:
1772:
4071:
4056:
3990:
3454:
3445:
2998:
1843:
21:
1824:
in 48 years whose nomination was killed by the Senate
Judiciary Committee. The seat would be filled by another Reagan nominee
4096:
4091:
4081:
4066:
3896:
3635:
3572:
3512:
3397:
3069:
1679:
and a local group of African-American attorneys, who cited Toledano’s involvement in his twenties as an active supporter of
4061:
3757:
3468:
2970:
2911:
2893:
1430:
1418:
1382:
3503:
3272:
2959:
2623:
1731:
2984:
2768:
4101:
1776:
1668:, who had died in 1981. Toledano was recommended for the position by Louisiana’s Republican leadership, including then
1424:
122:
25:
3845:
3258:
2711:
2607:
2526:
1660:
In 1982, Reagan strongly and publicly had considered nominating New Orleans lawyer Ben C. Toledano to a seat on the
3750:
3699:
3544:
3309:
3294:
3028:
1680:
41:
33:
3942:
3706:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
2670:
3986:
3778:
1743:
3873:
3859:
3743:
3713:
3565:
3475:
3955:
1687:
of Louisiana. (A number of prominent Louisiana blacks supported the nomination.) In December 1982, Reagan’s
3917:
3771:
3374:
3279:
1821:
65:
3586:
3438:
3431:
2934:
1848:
1542:
1535:
29:
1799:
On June 5, 1986, the committee voted 10—8 against recommending the nomination, with Republican Senators
1649:
and published rumors suggesting that she favored abortion rights. Ultimately, the White House nominated
60:
Reagan made 32 nominations for federal judgeships that were not confirmed by the Senate. Of these, one,
3933:
3579:
1337:
1299:
37:
3764:
3489:
3404:
3316:
2561:
1481:
3607:
3535:
3219:
3189:
3182:
1724:
1696:
1688:
3614:
3367:
3251:
3242:
1665:
1630:
1259:
1738:
statements. One of those lawyers, J. Gerald Hebert, testified that Sessions had referred to the
3866:
3424:
3265:
2807:
1646:
1488:
2599:
2588:
3801:
3496:
3330:
2764:
2703:
2595:
1669:
1607:
1545:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush; Fernandez was renominated for the seat by Bush)
1279:
473:
189:
3235:
3205:
3086:
1654:
1574:
1434:
391:
2903:
2847:"Sen. Jeff Sessions is known for fighting immigration. Now he could lead Trump's Pentagon"
2508:
2436:
2418:
2400:
2202:
2112:
2094:
2076:
2058:
1491:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush; Wiener was renominated for the seat by Bush)
8:
2963:
2472:
2382:
2364:
2346:
2328:
2310:
2292:
2274:
2256:
2238:
2220:
2040:
2022:
2004:
1986:
1968:
1950:
1896:
1878:
1775:
or the remnants of segregation, where we as part of the Department of Justice, we sought
1719:. Sessions' nomination was recommended and actively backed by Alabama Republican Senator
1638:
1552:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush; Rymer was renominated for the seat by Bush)
1463:
1291:
1024:
557:
265:
3212:
2728:
2490:
2184:
2166:
2148:
2130:
1932:
1914:
341:
3078:
1825:
910:
750:
712:
379:
227:
3323:
2707:
2603:
1513:
1499:
1355:
986:
788:
45:
3558:
2733:
1560:
1549:
1459:
1441:
1200:
1112:
545:
429:
353:
2829:"Sessions Subordinate: I Thought I'd Be Fired If I Objected To Being Called 'Boy'"
3838:
3665:
3168:
2697:
2693:
2583:
1800:
1720:
1700:
1578:
1556:
1445:
1100:
636:
517:
417:
142:
32:
who were not confirmed. In some cases, the nominations were not processed by the
1675:. However, Toledano’s nomination was opposed by local and state chapters of the
1785:
1758:, a black Assistant U.S. Attorney, testified that Sessions said he thought the
1755:
1730:
At Sessions' confirmation hearings before the Senate Judiciary Committee, four
1672:
1650:
1622:
1592:
1531:
1517:
1477:
1444:(withdrew before nomination was submitted; seat later filled by Reagan nominee
1329:
1317:
1156:
674:
277:
239:
2631:
4442:
3985:
2888:
1817:
1808:
1712:
1692:
1642:
1603:
1596:
1062:
838:
686:
303:
201:
161:
49:
17:
2654:
1831:
1812:
1759:
1751:
1495:
826:
2800:"Q&A Jeff Sessions: Sessions Says He's Looking For Judicial Restraint"
44:. Three of the nominees were renominated by Reagan's successor, President
3690:
1629:, who is the daughter-in-law of the late Supreme Court associate justice
114:
61:
1734:
lawyers who had worked with Sessions testified that he had made several
1706:
948:
315:
3621:
3358:
3351:
2760:
1792:
1747:
3552:
Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act of 1988
55:
3344:
3175:
1804:
1763:
1569:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
2866:"Senate Panel Hands Reagan First Defeat On Nominee for Judgeship"
4426:
List of presidents of the United States by judicial appointments
1621:
In 1981, Reagan strongly and publicly had considered nominating
4454:
Federal judicial appointment controversies in the United States
1735:
4119:
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
3880:
2769:"Blog: Specter Helped Defeat Sessions In 1986 Judiciary Vote"
1854:
Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts
3904:
Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act
3520:
Emergency Food Assistance and Soup Kitchen-Food Bank Program
1616:
2933:
2786:
2759:
1740:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1677:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
879:
868:(nominated February 28, 1989, confirmed November 22, 1989)
1392:
1387:
1347:
1342:
1309:
1304:
1269:
1264:
1218:
1213:
1174:
1169:
1130:
1125:
1092:
1087:
1054:
1049:
1016:
1011:
978:
973:
940:
935:
900:
895:
856:
851:
818:
813:
780:
775:
742:
737:
704:
699:
666:
661:
626:
621:
575:
570:
535:
530:
491:
486:
447:
442:
409:
404:
371:
366:
333:
328:
295:
290:
257:
252:
219:
214:
179:
174:
132:
127:
3652:
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act
2643:
2641:
1859:
Deaths of United States federal judges in active service
1717:
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Alabama
1248:
470:
995:
721:
388:
3737:
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
1587:
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
1508:
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
1288:
1230:(nominated August 4, 1989, confirmed October 24, 1989)
1071:
554:
2638:
2455:"PN1259-3 — James Harlan Stamper Jr. — The Judiciary"
2203:"PN876-2 — Jefferson B. Sessions III — The Judiciary"
1635:
United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
1595:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee
1577:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee
1559:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee
1534:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee
1462:(judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee
1454:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
1186:(nominated February 28, 1989, confirmed May 18, 1989)
1142:(nominated February 28, 1989, confirmed May 18, 1989)
797:
645:
3622:
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
2729:"Closed Sessions. The senator who's worse than Lott"
2688:
2686:
2684:
1707:
Failed nomination of Jeff Sessions to district court
1662:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
1526:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1472:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
1371:
1033:
587:(nominated February 28, 1989, confirmed May 18,1989)
503:(nominated November 17, 1989, confirmed May 9, 1990)
459:(nominated February 28, 1989, confirmed May 18,1989)
3645:
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
2185:"PN682 — Jefferson B. Sessions III — The Judiciary"
1987:"PN200 — Susan Wittenberg Liebeler — The Judiciary"
1197:
1109:
919:
759:
605:
426:
350:
3816:Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Waivers
3529:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
2886:
2587:
957:
514:
2806:. Insider Interviews. May 7, 2009. Archived from
2681:
2293:"PN778 — Alfred C. Schmutzer Jr. — The Judiciary"
2113:"PN1361 — Ferdinand F. Fernandez — The Judiciary"
1653:in 1982 to the seat, and he was confirmed by the
1326:
1153:
274:
236:
56:List of unsuccessful federal judicial nominations
4440:
3853:Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
3795:Interest and Dividend Tax Compliance Act of 1983
2077:"PN1208 — Jacques L. Wiener Jr. — The Judiciary"
835:
683:
198:
158:
3911:Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988
3629:Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
2221:"PN1269 — James Kenneth Porter — The Judiciary"
1683:and his efforts to organize the segregationist
2473:"PN1492 — Joseph V. Colaianni — The Judiciary"
2347:"PN867 — Shannon T. Mason Jr. — The Judiciary"
2041:"PN995 — Judith Richards Hope — The Judiciary"
111:
3971:
3303:Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983
2919:
2668:
2383:"PN934 — William H. Erickson — The Judiciary"
312:
3788:Garn–St. Germain Depository Institutions Act
2755:
2753:
2751:
2720:
2509:"PN1175 — Adriane J. Dudley — The Judiciary"
2257:"PN705 — Robert Roberto Jr. — The Judiciary"
2167:"PN662 — Albert I. Moon Jr. — The Judiciary"
2437:"PN1211 — Marvin J. Garbis — The Judiciary"
2401:"PN1168 — Robert C. Bonner — The Judiciary"
2365:"PN886 — James R. McGregor — The Judiciary"
2059:"PN1026 — Pamela Ann Rymer — The Judiciary"
1969:"PN101 — Bernard H. Siegan — The Judiciary"
1897:"PN1552 — Sherman E. Unger — The Judiciary"
1703:to the seat, and he was confirmed in 1983.
1363:
1240:
597:
150:
103:
3978:
3964:
3615:Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986
3594:National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
3338:Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
2926:
2912:
2491:"PN95 — Robert P. Charrow — The Judiciary"
2311:"PN786 — Howard E. Levitt — The Judiciary"
2275:"PN774 — Vaughn R. Walker — The Judiciary"
2239:"PN119 — Robert N. Miller — The Judiciary"
2149:"PN463 — Morton R. Galane — The Judiciary"
2131:"PN380 — Morton R. Galane — The Judiciary"
2095:"PN1317 — Guy G. Hurlbutt — The Judiciary"
2023:"PN625 — Stuart A. Summit — The Judiciary"
1933:"PN462 — Sherman E. Unger — The Judiciary"
1915:"PN218 — Sherman E. Unger — The Judiciary"
1606:(judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee
1516:(judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee
1498:(judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee
1480:(judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee
3890:Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
3825:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
3809:Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981
3721:Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
3389:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement
3382:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
2748:
2419:"PN1195 — Melinda Harmon — The Judiciary"
2329:"PN863 — Donald E. Abram — The Judiciary"
1637:that had been created by the decision by
1617:Others who were considered for nomination
3832:Railroad Retirement Solvency Act of 1983
3601:National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984
2897:) is being considered for deletion. See
2863:
2005:"PN514 — David C. Treen — The Judiciary"
1951:"PN1036 — Paul M. Bator — The Judiciary"
1879:"PN487 — Robert H. Bork — The Judiciary"
93:Subsequent federal judicial nominations
3730:Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
3680:Water Resources Development Act of 1988
3673:Water Resources Development Act of 1986
3483:Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
3068:
2844:
2726:
2692:
2647:
2582:
2576:
28:and at least twelve people for various
4441:
3991:federal judiciary of the United States
3455:Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
3446:Office of National Drug Control Policy
1844:Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates
1762:was "OK until I found out they smoked
3959:
3897:Surface Transportation Assistance Act
3636:The Emergency Food Assistance Program
3513:Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983
3398:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
2907:
2671:"Judicial Nomination In Deep Trouble"
2551:
3758:Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983
3469:Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
2727:Wildman, Sarah (December 30, 2002).
2624:"Judges of the United States Courts"
2554:"Law: Judges with Their Minds Right"
1419:Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination
4449:Reagan administration controversies
3504:United States Sentencing Commission
13:
1425:Supreme Court of the United States
1412:
14:
4465:
3846:Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
2901:to help reach a consensus. ›
2845:Lamothe, Dan (November 9, 2016).
1834:'s nominee for Attorney General.
3751:Expedited Funds Availability Act
3700:Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
3545:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
3310:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
3295:We begin bombing in five minutes
2669:Glen Elsasser (March 29, 1986).
2650:"Jeff Sessions's chequered past"
1750:-inspired" because they "forced
1723:. A substantial majority of the
3707:Agricultural Credit Act of 1987
2864:Williams, Lena (June 6, 1986).
2857:
2838:
2822:
2792:
2662:
2616:
2545:
2519:
2501:
2483:
2465:
2447:
2429:
2411:
2393:
2375:
2357:
2339:
2321:
2303:
2285:
2267:
2249:
2231:
2213:
2195:
2177:
2159:
2141:
2123:
2105:
2087:
2069:
2051:
2033:
1791:In response to a question from
3779:Dairy Export Incentive Program
2648:Wildman, Sarah (May 5, 2009).
2552:Bowen, Ezra (April 18, 2005).
2527:"Woman Off List For Judgeship"
2015:
1997:
1979:
1961:
1943:
1925:
1907:
1889:
1871:
1744:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
4006:All Supreme Court nominations
3874:Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
3860:Katie Beckett Medicaid waiver
3802:Internal Revenue Code of 1986
3744:Deficit Reduction Act of 1984
3714:Agriculture Mediation Program
3566:Hunger Prevention Act of 1988
3476:Coastal Barrier Resources Act
1864:
1754:down the throats of people".
1746:(ACLU) as "un-American" and "
4391:G. H. W. Bush
4326:G. H. W. Bush
4077:G. H. W. Bush
3918:Video Privacy Protection Act
3772:Conservation Reserve Program
3375:Trade and Tariff Act of 1984
3280:Strategic Defense Initiative
30:federal appellate judgeships
7:
3587:Minerals Management Service
3439:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988
3432:Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986
2935:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
2894:Presidency of Ronald Reagan
1849:United States federal judge
1837:
1543:Ferdinand Francis Fernandez
1536:Ferdinand Francis Fernandez
10:
4470:
4430:Supreme Court demographics
3580:Medical Waste Tracking Act
3573:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3057:Presidential proclamations
1711:In 1986, Reagan nominated
1416:
38:Senate Judiciary Committee
4423:
4360:Appointment controversies
4359:
4281:F. D. Roosevelt
4110:
4032:F. D. Roosevelt
3997:
3927:
3765:Food Security Act of 1985
3689:
3666:Water Quality Act of 1987
3490:Armed Career Criminal Act
3414:
3158:
3095:Joint session of Congress
2942:
1397:returned to the president
1352:returned to the president
1314:returned to the president
1276:
1274:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
1223:returned to the president
1179:returned to the president
1135:returned to the president
1097:returned to the president
1059:returned to the president
1021:returned to the president
983:returned to the president
945:returned to the president
907:
905:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
861:returned to the president
823:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
785:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
747:returned to the president
709:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
671:returned to the president
633:
631:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
580:returned to the president
540:returned to the president
496:returned to the president
452:returned to the president
414:returned to the president
376:returned to the president
338:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
300:returned to the president
262:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
224:withdrawn by Pres. Reagan
186:
184:returned to the president
3998:Supreme Court candidates
3608:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
3536:Toxics Release Inventory
2899:templates for discussion
1725:American Bar Association
1697:American Bar Association
1689:Counsel to the President
4366:L. B. Johnson
4301:L. B. Johnson
4052:L. B. Johnson
3934:← Carter administration
3368:American Homecoming Act
3252:Constructive engagement
3015:Administration scandals
1666:Robert A. Ainsworth Jr.
1631:Charles Evans Whittaker
883:Alfred C. Schmutzer Jr.
4000:and nomination results
3867:Tax Reform Act of 1986
3087:"Tear down this wall!"
2699:Picking Federal Judges
2590:Picking Federal Judges
1647:Equal Rights Amendment
1633:, to a vacancy on the
1489:Jacques L. Wiener, Jr.
1482:John Malcolm Duhé, Jr.
137:rejected by the Senate
4150:J. Q. Adams
4113:judicial appointments
3943:Bush administration →
3497:Sentencing Reform Act
3405:Exon–Florio Amendment
3331:Executive Order 12333
3317:Goldwater–Nichols Act
2992:Judicial appointments
2978:Assassination attempt
2765:National Public Radio
2704:Yale University Press
2596:Yale University Press
1768:Civil Rights Division
1732:Department of Justice
1715:to be a judge of the
1608:Jean Galloway Bissell
1252:J. Harlan Stamper Jr.
474:Jacques L. Wiener Jr.
190:Jean Galloway Bissell
4401:G. W. Bush
4336:G. W. Bush
4087:G. W. Bush
3425:AIDS crisis response
3199:Soviet Union summits
1685:States' Rights Party
1655:United States Senate
1575:Judith Richards Hope
999:Shannon T. Mason Jr.
725:James Kenneth Porter
392:Judith Richards Hope
3659:1982 VRA Amendments
3287:International trips
3259:Invasion of Grenada
3029:Impeachment efforts
2971:Second inauguration
2964:Release of hostages
2833:Talking Points Memo
2564:on October 26, 2012
2533:. December 24, 1981
1639:Floyd Robert Gibson
1464:John M. Walker, Jr.
1433:(rejected 42—58 by
1292:Joseph V. Colaianni
1075:William H. Erickson
1025:Rebecca Beach Smith
558:Ferdinand Fernandez
266:Ferdinand Fernandez
3266:Iran–Contra affair
2960:First inauguration
2870:The New York Times
2531:The New York Times
1826:Alex T. Howard Jr.
1681:racial segregation
1548:California seat –
1541:California seat –
1530:California seat –
1270:September 23, 1982
911:Robert Leon Jordan
801:Robert Roberto Jr.
751:Robert Leon Jordan
713:Alex T. Howard Jr.
649:Albert I. Moon Jr.
571:September 16, 1988
380:John M. Walker Jr.
367:September 23, 1987
258:September 16, 1988
228:Laurence Silberman
4436:
4435:
4251:T. Roosevelt
3953:
3952:
3324:Montreal Protocol
3154:
3153:
3145:1988 SOTU Address
3138:1987 SOTU Address
3131:1986 SOTU Address
3124:1985 SOTU Address
3117:1984 SOTU Address
3110:1983 SOTU Address
3103:1982 SOTU Address
3043:Executive actions
1822:federal judiciary
1514:William F. Harvey
1500:Jerry Edwin Smith
1487:Louisiana seat –
1476:Louisiana seat –
1410:
1409:
1375:Adriane J. Dudley
1365:Article IV courts
1356:Randall Ray Rader
1310:December 27, 1982
1305:November 19, 1982
1037:James R. McGregor
1012:February 22, 1988
987:Edward Nottingham
974:February 19, 1988
936:December 22, 1987
896:December 19, 1987
852:December 19, 1987
814:November 25, 1987
789:Edward Nottingham
220:September 6, 1984
180:November 22, 1983
175:December 15, 1982
152:Courts of appeals
46:George H. W. Bush
26:the Supreme Court
16:During President
4461:
4241:
4233:B. Harrison
4228:
4111:All presidential
3980:
3973:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3937:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3559:Grace Commission
3554:
3547:
3538:
3531:
3522:
3515:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3243:Governors Island
3238:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3052:
3050:Executive orders
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2955:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2804:National Journal
2796:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2773:Political Junkie
2757:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2734:The New Republic
2724:
2718:
2717:
2694:Goldman, Sheldon
2690:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2630:. Archived from
2620:
2614:
2613:
2593:
2584:Goldman, Sheldon
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2560:. Archived from
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1742:(NAACP) and the
1627:Judith Whittaker
1561:Thomas G. Nelson
1550:Pamela Ann Rymer
1460:Stuart A. Summit
1458:New York seat –
1442:Douglas Ginsburg
1394:
1393:October 22, 1988
1389:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1349:
1344:
1343:February 2, 1987
1334:
1333:
1332:
1311:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1242:Article I courts
1231:
1220:
1219:October 22, 1988
1215:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1201:Marvin J. Garbis
1187:
1176:
1175:October 22, 1988
1171:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1143:
1132:
1131:October 22, 1988
1127:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:Robert C. Bonner
1094:
1093:October 22, 1988
1089:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1056:
1055:October 22, 1988
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1018:
1017:October 22, 1988
1013:
1003:
1002:
1001:
980:
979:October 22, 1988
975:
965:
964:
963:
942:
941:October 22, 1988
937:
927:
926:
925:
923:Howard E. Levitt
902:
897:
887:
886:
885:
869:
858:
857:October 22, 1988
853:
843:
842:
841:
820:
815:
805:
804:
803:
782:
781:February 2, 1988
777:
776:February 5, 1987
767:
766:
765:
763:Robert N. Miller
744:
743:October 18, 1986
739:
729:
728:
727:
706:
701:
700:October 23, 1985
691:
690:
689:
668:
663:
662:October 16, 1985
653:
652:
651:
628:
627:October 18, 1983
623:
613:
612:
611:
609:Morton R. Galane
588:
577:
576:October 22, 1988
572:
562:
561:
560:
546:Thomas G. Nelson
537:
536:October 22, 1988
532:
522:
521:
520:
504:
493:
492:October 22, 1988
488:
478:
477:
476:
460:
449:
448:October 22, 1988
444:
434:
433:
432:
430:Pamela Ann Rymer
411:
410:October 22, 1988
406:
396:
395:
394:
373:
372:October 22, 1988
368:
358:
357:
356:
354:Stuart A. Summit
342:John M. Duhé Jr.
335:
330:
320:
319:
318:
297:
296:October 22, 1988
292:
282:
281:
280:
259:
254:
253:February 2, 1987
244:
243:
242:
221:
216:
206:
205:
204:
181:
176:
166:
165:
164:
134:
133:October 23, 1987
129:
119:
118:
117:
71:
70:
42:Republican Party
4469:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4419:
4355:
4239:
4238:Cleveland
4226:
4225:Cleveland
4200:A. Johnson
4112:
4106:
3999:
3993:
3984:
3954:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3839:Reagan tax cuts
3837:
3830:
3823:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:Economic policy
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3527:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3462:Cannabis policy
3460:
3453:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:Domestic policy
3410:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3169:Reagan Doctrine
3167:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3064:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3036:Opinion polling
3034:
3027:
3022:Bush transition
3020:
3013:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2958:
2951:
2938:
2932:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2862:
2858:
2851:Washington Post
2843:
2839:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2810:on May 15, 2009
2798:
2797:
2793:
2778:
2776:
2767:(May 5, 2009).
2758:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:. p. 309.
2691:
2682:
2675:Chicago Tribune
2667:
2663:
2646:
2639:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1840:
1801:Charles Mathias
1721:Jeremiah Denton
1709:
1701:W. Eugene Davis
1619:
1579:Clarence Thomas
1557:Guy G. Hurlbutt
1512:Indiana seat –
1446:Anthony Kennedy
1421:
1415:
1413:Failed nominees
1403:Thomas K. Moore
1373:
1372:
1348:August 10, 1987
1328:
1327:
1290:
1289:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1199:
1198:
1185:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1111:
1110:
1101:Daniel B. Sparr
1073:
1072:
1035:
1034:
997:
996:
961:Donald E. Abram
959:
958:
921:
920:
881:
880:
867:
837:
836:
799:
798:
761:
760:
723:
722:
685:
684:
667:January 2, 1986
647:
646:
637:Lloyd D. George
607:
606:
599:District courts
586:
556:
555:
531:August 11, 1988
518:Guy G. Hurlbutt
516:
515:
502:
472:
471:
458:
428:
427:
418:Clarence Thomas
390:
389:
352:
351:
314:
313:
276:
275:
238:
237:
200:
199:
160:
159:
143:Anthony Kennedy
113:
112:
96:Seat filled by
86:
81:
58:
24:two people for
20:'s presidency,
12:
11:
5:
4467:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4434:
4433:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3938:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3216:
3209:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3160:Foreign policy
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2956:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2883:
2882:
2856:
2837:
2835:, May 7, 2009.
2821:
2791:
2747:
2719:
2712:
2680:
2661:
2637:
2634:on 2003-08-02.
2615:
2608:
2575:
2544:
2518:
2500:
2482:
2464:
2446:
2428:
2410:
2392:
2374:
2356:
2338:
2320:
2302:
2284:
2266:
2248:
2230:
2212:
2194:
2176:
2158:
2140:
2122:
2104:
2086:
2068:
2050:
2032:
2014:
1996:
1978:
1960:
1942:
1924:
1906:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1786:foreign policy
1756:Thomas Figures
1708:
1705:
1673:David C. Treen
1651:John R. Gibson
1623:Hallmark Cards
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1593:Susan Liebeler
1584:
1583:
1582:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:Bernard Siegan
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:Kenneth Ripple
1505:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1485:
1478:David C. Treen
1469:
1468:
1467:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:Robert Charrow
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:Loren A. Smith
1315:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:Melinda Harmon
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1088:March 23, 1988
1085:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1050:March 14, 1988
1047:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
992:
991:
989:
984:
981:
976:
971:
966:
954:
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951:
946:
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933:
928:
916:
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913:
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901:March 28, 1988
898:
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876:
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849:
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832:
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756:
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748:
745:
740:
735:
730:
718:
717:
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710:
707:
702:
697:
692:
680:
679:
677:
675:Alan Cooke Kay
672:
669:
664:
659:
654:
642:
641:
639:
634:
632:
629:
624:
619:
614:
602:
601:
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581:
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568:
563:
551:
550:
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543:
541:
538:
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528:
523:
511:
510:
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497:
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489:
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479:
467:
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461:
453:
450:
445:
443:April 26, 1988
440:
435:
423:
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412:
407:
405:April 14, 1988
402:
397:
385:
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377:
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369:
364:
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347:
346:
344:
339:
336:
331:
326:
321:
309:
308:
306:
301:
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293:
291:March 23, 1987
288:
283:
278:Susan Liebeler
271:
270:
268:
263:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:Bernard Siegan
233:
232:
230:
225:
222:
217:
215:August 1, 1984
212:
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195:
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155:
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125:
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108:
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101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
83:
78:
75:
66:100th Congress
57:
54:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4466:
4455:
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4130:J. Adams
4128:
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3988:
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3356:
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3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:Libya bombing
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:"Evil empire"
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3006:controversies
3003:
3000:
2999:Supreme Court
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2954:
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2947:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2713:9780300080735
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2609:0-300-06962-6
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:Howell Heflin
1814:
1810:
1809:Arlen Specter
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1777:desegregation
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:Jeff Sessions
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:Fred Fielding
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:senior status
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1604:Sherman Unger
1601:
1598:
1597:S. Jay Plager
1594:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1555:Idaho seat –
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1494:Texas seat –
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1388:June 20, 1988
1386:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Charles Clapp
1278:
1273:
1268:
1265:July 12, 1982
1263:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:June 23, 1988
1168:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:June 15, 1988
1124:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Donald J. Lee
1061:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
977:
972:
970:
967:
962:
956:
955:
952:
950:
947:
944:
939:
934:
932:
929:
924:
918:
917:
914:
912:
909:
904:
899:
894:
892:
889:
884:
878:
877:
874:
871:
866:
863:
860:
855:
850:
848:
845:
840:
839:Vaughn Walker
834:
833:
830:
828:
825:
822:
819:July 26, 1988
817:
812:
810:
807:
802:
796:
795:
792:
790:
787:
784:
779:
774:
772:
769:
764:
758:
757:
754:
752:
749:
746:
741:
738:July 30, 1986
736:
734:
731:
726:
720:
719:
716:
714:
711:
708:
705:July 31, 1986
703:
698:
696:
693:
688:
687:Jeff Sessions
682:
681:
678:
676:
673:
670:
665:
660:
658:
655:
650:
644:
643:
640:
638:
635:
630:
625:
622:July 21, 1983
620:
618:
615:
610:
604:
603:
600:
596:
593:
590:
585:
582:
579:
574:
569:
567:
564:
559:
553:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
534:
529:
527:
524:
519:
513:
512:
509:
506:
501:
498:
495:
490:
487:June 27, 1988
485:
483:
480:
475:
469:
468:
465:
462:
457:
454:
451:
446:
441:
439:
436:
431:
425:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
408:
403:
401:
398:
393:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
375:
370:
365:
363:
360:
355:
349:
348:
345:
343:
340:
337:
332:
329:July 22, 1987
327:
325:
322:
317:
311:
310:
307:
305:
304:S. Jay Plager
302:
299:
294:
289:
287:
284:
279:
273:
272:
269:
267:
264:
261:
256:
251:
249:
246:
241:
235:
234:
231:
229:
226:
223:
218:
213:
211:
208:
203:
202:Paul M. Bator
197:
196:
193:
191:
188:
183:
178:
173:
171:
168:
163:
162:Sherman Unger
157:
156:
153:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
131:
126:
124:
121:
116:
110:
109:
106:
105:Supreme Court
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:Final action
89:
87:final action
84:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
67:
63:
53:
51:
50:Thurmond Rule
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
18:Ronald Reagan
4385:
4117:
4004:
3941:
3932:
3005:
2892:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:
2859:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2814:November 16,
2812:. Retrieved
2808:the original
2803:
2794:
2777:. Retrieved
2772:
2738:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2698:
2674:
2664:
2655:The Guardian
2653:
2632:the original
2627:
2618:
2589:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:the original
2557:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2530:
2521:
2513:Congress.gov
2512:
2503:
2495:Congress.gov
2494:
2485:
2477:Congress.gov
2476:
2467:
2459:Congress.gov
2458:
2449:
2441:Congress.gov
2440:
2431:
2423:Congress.gov
2422:
2413:
2405:Congress.gov
2404:
2395:
2387:Congress.gov
2386:
2377:
2369:Congress.gov
2368:
2359:
2351:Congress.gov
2350:
2341:
2333:Congress.gov
2332:
2323:
2315:Congress.gov
2314:
2305:
2297:Congress.gov
2296:
2287:
2279:Congress.gov
2278:
2269:
2261:Congress.gov
2260:
2251:
2243:Congress.gov
2242:
2233:
2225:Congress.gov
2224:
2215:
2207:Congress.gov
2206:
2197:
2189:Congress.gov
2188:
2179:
2171:Congress.gov
2170:
2161:
2153:Congress.gov
2152:
2143:
2135:Congress.gov
2134:
2125:
2117:Congress.gov
2116:
2107:
2099:Congress.gov
2098:
2089:
2081:Congress.gov
2080:
2071:
2063:Congress.gov
2062:
2053:
2045:Congress.gov
2044:
2035:
2027:Congress.gov
2026:
2017:
2009:Congress.gov
2008:
1999:
1991:Congress.gov
1990:
1981:
1973:Congress.gov
1972:
1963:
1955:Congress.gov
1954:
1945:
1937:Congress.gov
1936:
1927:
1919:Congress.gov
1918:
1909:
1901:Congress.gov
1900:
1891:
1883:Congress.gov
1882:
1873:
1832:Donald Trump
1829:
1813:Pennsylvania
1798:
1790:
1782:
1760:Ku Klux Klan
1752:civil rights
1729:
1710:
1659:
1620:
1496:Lino Graglia
1364:
1241:
1214:July 6, 1988
827:Arthur Spatt
598:
334:May 10, 1988
151:
128:July 7, 1987
104:
59:
36:-controlled
22:he nominated
15:
2937:(1981–1989)
2887:‹ The
2628:www.fjc.gov
2598:. pp.
1773:segregation
1664:to replace
1431:Robert Bork
115:Robert Bork
62:Robert Bork
4443:Categories
4291:Eisenhower
4125:Washington
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3987:Presidents
3227:INF Treaty
3220:Washington
2953:Transition
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2761:Rudin, Ken
1865:References
1417:See also:
949:Carol Amon
891:E.D. Tenn.
733:E.D. Tenn.
316:Dave Treen
80:Nomination
34:Democratic
4160:Van Buren
4135:Jefferson
3359:H-2B visa
3352:H-2A visa
3213:Reykjavík
2779:August 4,
2740:August 4,
1793:Joe Biden
1748:Communist
1625:attorney
1440:Seat 1 –
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1183:S.D. Tex.
1165:S.D. Tex.
1139:C.D. Cal.
1121:C.D. Cal.
865:N.D. Cal.
847:N.D. Cal.
695:S.D. Ala.
400:D.C. Cir.
286:Fed. Cir.
210:D.C. Cir.
170:Fed. Cir.
4271:Coolidge
4246:McKinley
4215:Garfield
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4180:Fillmore
4022:Coolidge
3989:and the
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3190:2nd term
3183:1st term
3176:Cold War
3070:Speeches
2944:Timeline
2889:template
2696:(1999).
2586:(1997).
1838:See also
1805:Maryland
1670:Governor
1641:to take
1083:D. Colo.
1045:W.D. Pa.
1007:E.D. Va.
969:D. Colo.
931:E.D.N.Y.
809:E.D.N.Y.
771:D. Colo.
584:9th Cir.
566:9th Cir.
526:9th Cir.
500:5th Cir.
482:5th Cir.
456:9th Cir.
438:9th Cir.
362:2nd Cir.
324:5th Cir.
248:9th Cir.
74:Nominee
4396:Clinton
4331:Clinton
4296:Kennedy
4266:Harding
4195:Lincoln
4155:Jackson
4140:Madison
4082:Clinton
4047:Kennedy
4017:Harding
2985:Cabinet
2891:below (
2600:295–296
2568:May 22,
2537:May 22,
1602:Seat –
1591:Seat –
1573:Seat –
1338:Cl. Ct.
1300:Cl. Ct.
1234:Himself
1190:Herself
1146:Himself
872:Himself
657:D. Haw.
617:D. Nev.
591:Himself
507:Himself
463:Herself
85:Date of
4386:Reagan
4381:Carter
4321:Reagan
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4286:Truman
4276:Hoover
4261:Wilson
4220:Arthur
4185:Pierce
4175:Taylor
4145:Monroe
4072:Reagan
4067:Carter
4037:Truman
4027:Hoover
4012:Wilson
3236:Moscow
3206:Geneva
3097:(1981)
3089:(1987)
3081:(1983)
2710:
2606:
1736:racist
1435:Senate
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1227:D. Md.
1209:D. Md.
123:SCOTUS
77:Court
4416:Biden
4411:Trump
4406:Obama
4371:Nixon
4351:Biden
4346:Trump
4341:Obama
4306:Nixon
4210:Hayes
4205:Grant
4165:Tyler
4102:Biden
4097:Trump
4092:Obama
4057:Nixon
3881:MACRS
2775:. NPR
99:Ref.
82:date
4376:Ford
4311:Ford
4256:Taft
4240:(II)
4170:Polk
4062:Ford
2962:and
2877:2014
2816:2016
2787:blog
2781:2009
2742:2009
2708:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2570:2010
2558:Time
2539:2010
1807:and
1260:T.C.
4227:(I)
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