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States". She was accused of being the
Liaison between party leaders in Puerto Rio and the New York junta; treasurer of the New York junta and participant in its discussions in regard to the House of Representative shootings. On October 26, 1954, judge Lawrence E. Walsh found all of the accused guilty of conspiracy and they were sentenced to various years in prison. She was committed for seven years at Alderson Prison, West Virginia. There she continued her friendship with fellow inmates Lolita Lebrón and
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849:. Andrés Figueroa Cordero had been released from prison earlier because of health issues related to his terminal cancer. Oscar had been eligible for parole since April 1966, however, he had not applied for a parole because of his political beliefs. Cortez-Collazo flew to Kansas City to greet her husband. Upon their return to Puerto Rico, the Nationalist activists were received as heroes by the different independence groups.
930:
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Cortez-Collazo was accused of collaboration to overthrow the government and was sent to the Women's House of
Detention on Greenwich Street in Lower Manhattan where she spent 8 months imprisoned. Upon her release, she successfully campaigned on her husband's behalf and gathered thousands of signatures
529:
Cortez-Collazo became politically active and joined the
Caborrojeño Club and later joined the Club Obrero Español, radical labor oriented organization. She survived, during the great depression of the 1930s, with the help of the Salvation Army. During this period in her life she met and married Justo
525:
and lived with her father who had moved there two years earlier. There she worked for a hat company but, barely survived with the income that she received. She rented a room from her godmother who lived in an apartment building in
Manhattan. Cortez-Collazo was subject to the racism which was rampant
794:
Lebrón, Cancel
Miranda and Figueroa Cordero were immediately arrested. However, Flores walked away from the building in the confusion that followed. He took a taxi to a bus stop. There he was stopped and questioned together with various Mexicans who happened to be there, by the local police who had
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In 1954, Lebrón received a letter from Albizu Campos, in which he declared his intention to order attacks on "three locations, the most strategic to the enemy". Albizu Campos wanted Lebrón to pick a group of nationalists for this task without her personal participation. Lebrón presented the plan to
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The members of the New York City branch of the Puerto Rican
Nationalist Party, including Cortez-Collazo, were also arrested. On July 13, 1954, the Nationalists were taken to New York, where they declared themselves not guilty on the charges of "trying to overthrow the government of the United
581:
In 1941, Oscar
Collazo moved to New York City, which at the time had a large Puerto Rican community. There he met and married Rosa Cortez. The couple lived in an apartment building in the Bronx. They had a total of three daughters from previous marriages: Rosa had two and Oscar had one.
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She continued to actively participate in Puerto Rico's independence movement. In 1984 a commemoration for her independence activities was held in the Bar
Association Building. She was also given recognition for her efforts towards the commutation of her ex-husband's death sentence.
489:
in their assault on the United States House of
Representatives in 1954. She was charged on both occasions with seditious conspiracy for her complicity in a conspiracy to overthrow the United States Government and imprisoned because of her political beliefs.
876:, ASIN: B0000D6RNT. The book was published posthumously on January 1, 1993, by her daughter Lydia Collazo Cortez. In May 1988, Cortez-Collazo died in Puerto Rico by the side of her daughter Lydia, with whom she had been living the last years of her life.
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Cortez-Collazo was released from prison in 1961 and visited her mother in Puerto Rico. She later returned to her apartment in the Bronx. In 1968, she moved to Puerto Rico with her daughter Lydia and grandson. They purchased a house in
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for the task. The pistols used in the attack were purchased by the
Chicago Nationalist branch and sent to the New York branch. The New York branch provided the group with weapons and the funds for their railroad tickets.
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publicly opposed the pardons granted by Carter, stating that it would encourage terrorism and undermine public safety. The twenty-nine years of separation eroded the marriage of the Collazo's and they ended up divorced.
659:. Oscar wounded another man. After wounding others, Torresola was killed by the mortally wounded Coffelt. Oscar was shot in the chest and arrested. In 1952, Oscar was convicted and sentenced to death and was sent to the
714:
Disregarding Albizu Campo's wishes, she decided to lead the group. The date for the attack on the House of Representatives was to be March 1, 1954. This date was chosen because it coincided with the inauguration of the
685:
demanding that his sentence be commuted to life. President Truman commuted his sentence to life imprisonment to be carried out at Leavenworth. She also worked (unsuccessfully) for the release of her cellmate
756:, and sat in the visitor's gallery in the House of Representatives. The representatives of the House were discussing Mexico's economy when suddenly Lebrón gave the order to the group to quickly recited the
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According to Cortez-Collazo the FBI knocked on her door and more than twenty agents entered. They showed her a photo of Oscar on the ground and told her that they had just killed him, she then replied:
589:
when the latter was hospitalized for a time at the Columbus Hospital. Oscar was named Secretary of the New York branch of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and later served as its president. He met
2412:
609:, had failed. Torresola's sister had been wounded and his brother Elio was arrested. Believing they had to do something for their cause, Oscar and Torresola decided to assassinate President
546:
as a direct response to the American colonial government in 1919, By the 1920s, there were two other pro-independence organizations in the Island, they were the "Nationalist Youth" and the "
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in 1923 and completed a 6-week nurses' aide course. Cortez-Collazo decided that being a nurses' aide was not her calling after she had to deal with the corpse of a suicide victim.
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commuted her husband's sentence to time served, after Oscar had spent 29 years in jail. President Carter also commuted the sentences of Oscar's fellow Nationalist comrades:
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569:. The police began shooting their firearms at those present and 19 civilians and two policemen were killed, The shootings by the police became known as the
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from Michigan, was seriously wounded in the chest, Figueroa Cordero was unable to fire his gun because it was jammed. Upon being arrested, Lebrón yelled:
723:. Lebrón intended to call attention to Puerto Rico's independence cause, particularly among the Latin American countries participating in the conference.
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where she was raised by her father's family after her parents were divorced. There she received her primary and secondary education. She graduated from
167:
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1520:"Puerto Rico: Independence Is a Necessity"; by: Rafael Cancel Miranda (Author); Publisher: Pathfinder Press (NY); Booklet edition (February 1, 2001);
1991:
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Oscar, who worked in a metal polishing factory, joined the New York branch of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. He met and became friends with
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April 2012 Puerto Rican Women Nationalist vs. U.S. Colonialism: An Exploration of Their Conditions and Struggles in Jail and Court Margaret Pour
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1548:"Latinas in the United States, ste: A Historical Encyclopedia "; by: Vicki L. Ruiz and Virginia Sanchez Korral; Indiana University Press;
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772:. Even though some 30 shots were fired (mostly by Cancel, according to his account), wounding five lawmakers; one representative,
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1530:"Sembrando Patria...Y Verdades"; by: Rafael Cancel Miranda (Author); Publisher: Cuarto Idearo (January 1, 1998); ASIN: B001CK17D6
660:
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573:. This event influenced her nationalistic views even further and she joined the New York cell of the Nationalist Party in 1937.
1214:
887:, honors the women of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Rosa Cortez-Collazo's name is on the ninth line of the third plate.
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one of two Nationalists who attacked Blair House in 1950 in an attempt to kill President Harry Truman. She was accused by the
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joined the party and on May 11, 1930, Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos was elected president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
192:
550:". On September 17, 1922, the two political organizations merged into the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. In 1924, Dr.
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Luis Muñoz Marín, By A. W. Maldonado, Pg. 86, Publisher: La Editorial, Universidad de Puerto Rico, (December 1, 2006),
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Newsreel scenes in English of the attack on the U.S. Capitol by Flores, Lebrón, Cancel Miranda and Figueroa Cordero
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to Ramon Cortez, a merchant marine and Juana E. Fernandez, a seamstress. At a young age she moved to the City of
2006:
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By Vicki Ruíz, Virginia Sánchez Korrol, Inc NetLibrary; Published by Indiana University Press, 2006; Page 164;
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Jimmy Carter: Puerto Rican Nationalists Announcement of the President's Commutation of Sentences
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830:. In 1977, she joined the campaign to free the Nationalists held in the U.S. federal prisons.
809:" No one will ever pull me out of the struggle!" "For this I want to live until we are free."
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Mercado with whom she had two daughters, Iris and Lydia. She eventually divorced her husband.
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461:(1904 – May 1988) was a political activist and treasurer of the New York City branch of the
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the Nationalist Party in New York where Cortez-Collazo served as treasurer. Lebrón choose
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Political activist and militant, treasurer of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party NY branch
8:
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2016:
1951:
1931:
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Five Congressmen Shot in House by 3 Puerto Rican Nationalists; Bullets Spray from Gallery
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just heard about the shooting. They found a loose bullet in his pocket and arrested him.
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Newsreel scenes in English of the assassination attempt on U.S. President Harry S Truman
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1533:"War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America's Colony"; Author:
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This name uses Spanish marriage naming customs; the first is the maiden family name
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Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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655:. During the attack, Torresola mortally wounded White House Police officer,
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593:, a fellow nationalist, in New York and the two men soon became friends.
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19th-century female leaders of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement
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On October 31, 1950, Oscar and Torresola arrived at Union Station in
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Edward F. Ryan, The Washington Post, March 2, 1954, pp.1, 12-13.
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Oscar Collazo continued to participate in activities related to
782:"I did not come to kill anyone, I came to die for Puerto Rico!"
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Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
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United States Verses Lolita Lebron 222 F.2d 531 (2nd Cir. 1955)
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Plaque honoring the women of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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651:, where the President was living during renovation of the
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On October 30, 1950, Torresola and Oscar learned that the
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Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia,
1254:. Maplewood, N.J.: Water Front Press. pp. 179–182.
596:
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Puerto Rican people convicted of seditious conspiracy
764:" ("Long live a Free Puerto Rico!") and unfurled the
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Female members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
954:
Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (Puerto Rico)
911:
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Planning the assault on the House of Representatives
1250:Wagenheim, Kal; Jiménez de Wagenheim, Olga (1998).
826:, an area which is a suburb of the municipality of
168:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1686:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
557:On March 21, 1937, there was a peaceful civilian
533:
521:In 1925, when she was 21 years old, she moved to
2349:
1400:
1077: and the second or maternal family name is
1370:. Associated Press. 2004-02-29. Archived from
605:in Puerto Rico, led by the nationalist leader
2393:Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1575:
1047:and the second or matrimonial family name is
904:. On February 21, 1994, he died of a stroke.
435:
1362:"No one expected attack on Congress in 1954"
1306:"Oscar Collazo, 80, Truman Attacker in 1950"
1537:; Publisher: Nation Books (April 7, 2015);
752:The Nationalists arrived with the group in
2388:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party politicians
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442:
428:
188:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
130:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
29:
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1676:Hostosian National Independence Movement
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1252:The Puerto Ricans: A Documentary History
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872:She wrote her life story which is titled
1656:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
727:Assault on the House of Representatives
548:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
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2319:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2263:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1713:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
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677:"If he died, he died for the causeI!"
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526:at the time in the United States.
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2373:People from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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760:. She then stood up and shouted "
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914:
879:A plaque at the monument to the
833:On September 6, 1979, President
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79:
1666:Puerto Rican Independence Party
1458:
1438:
1401:Clayton Knowless (1954-03-02).
1394:
1385:
1354:
1315:
959:History of women in Puerto Rico
2398:Politicians from New York City
2378:People from Ponce, Puerto Rico
2202:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1834:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1671:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1243:
1056:
1035:
719:(Interamerican Conference) in
540:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
534:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
493:
463:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
409:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
92:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1:
2223:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2137:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1897:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1749:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
1091:
971:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
768:. The group opened fire with
389:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
2383:Activists from New York City
2283:Truman assassination attempt
1661:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1507:Puerto Rican Cultural Center
1485:. 1979-09-24. Archived from
1067:, the first or paternal
498:Cortez-Collazo (birth name:
7:
2273:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1882:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1477:"We Have Nothing to Repent"
907:
178:San Juan Nationalist revolt
10:
2429:
1651:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1270:1950 Assassination attempt
1062:
717:Conferencia Interamericana
502:) was born in the City of
473:of assisting Nationalists
2327:
2306:
2215:
2005:
1977:María de Lourdes Santiago
1972:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1847:
1814:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1721:
1694:
1643:
1602:
1455:Ribes Tovar et al., p.209
1435:Ribes Tovar et al., p.197
1335:Ribes Tovar et al., p.132
902:the independence movement
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101:Puerto Rican Independence
97:
87:
72:
58:
40:
28:
21:
1809:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1779:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1769:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1285:"Rosa and Lydia Collazo"
1028:
874:Memorias de Rosa Collazo
762:¡Viva Puerto Rico Libre!
2293:Cerro Maravilla murders
2238:Levantamiento de Ciales
2197:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2117:Tomás López de Victoria
2102:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2092:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1912:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1774:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1764:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1759:Eugenio María de Hostos
1729:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1644:Political organizations
1165:Latinas in History 2008
854:Governor of Puerto Rico
708:Andrés Figueroa Cordero
487:Andres Figueroa Cordero
354:Andres Figueroa Cordero
349:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
316:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
271:Tomás López de Victoria
110:Part of a series on the
2408:Female revolutionaries
2192:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2087:Isabel Freire de Matos
2077:Juan Antonio Corretjer
2027:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1857:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1784:José Gualberto Padilla
1722:19th century activists
1702:Cadets of the Republic
1695:Militant organizations
1193:Lydia and Rosa Collazo
1013:Isabel Freire de Matos
897:
864:Later years and legacy
813:
786:
770:semi-automatic pistols
681:
657:Private Leslie Coffelt
465:. She was the wife of
364:Isabel Freire de Matos
339:Margot Arce de Vázquez
311:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
251:Juan Antonio Corretjer
154:Cadets of the Republic
35:Rosa and Oscar Collazo
2152:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2132:Francisco Matos Paoli
2097:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
2057:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1992:Carlos Alberto Torres
1892:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1848:20th and 21st century
1789:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1603:Indigenous resistance
976:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
944:List of Puerto Ricans
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885:Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
857:Carlos Romero Barceló
843:Rafael Cancel Miranda
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700:Rafael Cancel Miranda
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500:Rosa Cortez Fernández
479:Rafael Cancel Miranda
399:Helen Rodríguez Trías
281:Francisco Matos Paoli
261:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
231:Rafael Cancel Miranda
66:San Juan, Puerto Rico
52:Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
45:Rosa Cortez Fernández
2243:Río Piedras massacre
1947:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1927:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1862:Félix Benítez Rexach
1707:Boricua Popular Army
1535:Nelson Antonio Denis
949:Boricua Popular Army
774:Alvin Morell Bentley
414:Félix Benítez Rexach
333:Notable nationalists
144:Río Piedras massacre
2403:Puerto Rican rebels
2314:Grito de Lares flag
2207:Olga Viscal Garriga
2182:Clemente Soto Vélez
2172:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2082:José Ferrer Canales
2017:Pedro Albizu Campos
1967:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1952:Antonio S. Pedreira
1937:Luis Lloréns Torres
1932:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1804:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1489:on October 16, 2007
1023:Olga Viscal Garriga
766:flag of Puerto Rico
665:Leavenworth, Kansas
561:that took place on
552:Pedro Albizu Campos
459:Rosa Cortez-Collazo
379:José Ferrer Canales
321:Olga Viscal Garriga
301:Clemente Soto Vélez
296:Vidal Santiago Díaz
211:Pedro Albizu Campos
205:Nationalist leaders
2233:Intentona de Yauco
2187:Griselio Torresola
2142:Ruth Mary Reynolds
2037:Casimiro Berenguer
1987:Alejandrina Torres
1942:Oscar López Rivera
1907:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1824:Fernando Fernandez
1819:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1312:, 23 February 1994
1003:Ruth Mary Reynolds
922:Puerto Rico portal
898:
591:Griselio Torresola
567:Ponce, Puerto Rico
306:Griselio Torresola
286:Ruth Mary Reynolds
221:Casimiro Berenguer
138:Events and revolts
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2257:Ley de la Mordaza
2147:Germán Rieckehoff
2062:José Coll y Cuchí
2009:Nationalist Party
1922:Leopoldo Figueroa
1872:Americo Boschetti
1526:978-0-87348-895-2
1350:Los Angeles Times
1239:978-0-8477-0158-2
1141:978-0-253-34680-3
817:Post imprisonment
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544:José Coll y Cuchí
516:Ponce High School
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394:Germán Rieckehoff
236:José Coll y Cuchí
161:Ley de la Mordaza
118:Nationalist Party
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1734:Mariana Bracetti
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2007:Puerto Rican
1957:Pedro Pietri
1794:Manuel Rojas
1709:(Macheteros)
1615:Agüeybaná II
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1491:. Retrieved
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359:Irvin Flores
246:Rosa Collazo
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116:Puerto Rican
77:Puerto Rican
23:Rosa Collazo
2363:1988 deaths
2358:1904 births
1997:Iris Zavala
1982:Piri Thomas
1902:Juan Dalmau
1610:Agüeybaná I
1419:|work=
1050:" Collazo "
653:White House
649:Blair House
563:Palm Sunday
508:Puerto Rico
494:Early years
73:Nationality
2352:Categories
1554:0253111692
1493:2008-07-18
1378:2008-09-19
1092:References
1044:" Cortez "
1887:Roy Brown
1850:activists
1421:ignored (
1411:cite book
824:Levittown
159:Gag Law (
2336:Claridad
1080:Fernande
1063:In this
908:See also
828:Toa Baja
504:Mayagüez
98:Movement
2307:Symbols
2253:Gag Law
1635:Urayoán
1630:Jumacao
1620:Arasibo
1069:surname
721:Caracas
636:YouTube
457:a.k.a.
2216:Events
1625:Hayuya
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1074:Cortez
845:, and
2328:Media
1029:Notes
559:march
512:Ponce
1550:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1482:Time
1423:help
1235:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1129:ISBN
852:The
706:and
538:The
485:and
62:1988
59:Died
48:1904
41:Born
1233:,
1071:is
663:at
634:on
565:in
506:in
471:FBI
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