671:, Rosa Jochmann found herself appointed a "block senior" in the so-called "politicals'" block till 1943. Appointing inmates to undertake administrative roles gave the camp guards more time for their own priorities. The position was one of privilege but also of heightened political risk. It could provide opportunities to mediate between inmates and the camp authorities, and Jochmann was sometimes able to get together with others in order to arrange extra food rations or medication in cases of exceptional need. Jochmann seems to have managed to find in herself a greater level of physical and mental strength than many. But she still had to stand idly by as her friend and political soulmate
799:
546:. More serious convictions resulted from the police search of the newspaper kiosk at the railway station. The prosecution asserted that evidence had been found for the training of the so-called "tens of thousands", a quasi-military structure created to engage in illegal activities, and that Jochmann had been serving as a messenger on behalf of the illegal organisation. Further evidence adduced against her involved records of financial transfers as well as a travel card issued by the Lower-Austria rail service which (correctly) included a photograph of Rosa Jochmann but was issued (incorrectly) in the name of her sister, Josefine Drechsler.
697:"Die meisten im KZ haben '45 gleich nach Hause gedrängt. Ich nicht. Es waren so viele Kranke dort, und ich habe mich verpflichtet gefühlt zu helfen. Dann haben die Russen ja das Lager mit Beschlag belegt. Aber die haben uns nicht vergewaltigt, die haben uns alles gegeben, was es nur gegeben hat, an Lebensmitteln usw. Die haben auch immer mich geholt. Aber die waren distanziert zu uns. Die haben uns alles gegeben, waren anständig, aber sie waren zu uns distanziert. Und dann sind wir hinaus und haben diese zerstörte Welt gesehen ..."
223:. Because she was relatively young (and despite her domestic responsibilities) she earned only half as much as older workers, even though she was just as productive as they were. This gave rise to a sense of injustice which would become a theme of her later political activism. Then, because of the war, she was conscripted for work at a cable factory. Here, during a night shift, she dozed off and crushed a finger on the flywheel of a winding-drum She transferred to the Apollo candle factory (today part of
191:. Her mother grew up in a Roman Catholic family. The language spoken at home was for the most part Czech. Jochmann later recalled that her father had never really learned German. He was, according to at least one source, frequently unemployed because of his reputation as a political activist. His daughter later recalled in an interview that he "was a Social Democrat who never went to church, but had to say their prayers". The Jochmann children grew up bilingual.
693:"Most of those forced into the concentration camp went straight home in '45. Not me. There were so many ill people there, I felt obliged to help. Then the Russians moved into the camp. But they did not rape us: they gave us everything there was – food etc. They were always helpful. But they were aloof. They gave us everything, were decent, but also kept their distance from us. And then we came out into this destroyed world...."
206:. Karl died in 1920. In his later years her father had a large red scar on his shoulder which had been inflicted with a sabre by a government official on a horse who had been policing a street protest. Rosa was with her father at the demonstration, conducted in order to press for voting rights, when her father received his injury. Like his wife, he never reached old age, dying in 1920 at around the same time as his only son.
503:
Zahl ihren
Beitritt zur Vaterländischen Front anmelden. (…) Die Anklage beschäftigt sich dann weiter mit der Tätigkeit der Angeklagten Rosa Jochmann innerhalb der Organisation. Die Angeklagte war ebenfalls Mitglied einer Zehnerschar und trug als solches die Nummer 6. Am 28. August vergangenen Jahres hat sie illegale Druckschriften der revolutionären Sozialisten von Wien nach Baden gebracht (…)."
489:"Vor einem Schöffensenat unter dem Vorsitz des Oberlandesgerichtsrates Dr. Osio hatte sich gestern das ehemalige Mitglied des Sozialdemokratischen Parteivorstandes, die frühere Nationalrätin Rosa Jochmann, wegen Verbrechens der Störung der öffentlichen Ruhe und Übertretung nach § 30, Preßgesetz, zu verantworten. Der Vertreter der öffentlichen Anklage war Staatsanwalt Dr. Erwin Scheibert.
597:. Rosa Jochmann was arrested and faced interrogation later that same month, but was released after two days. Her high-profile record of Social-Democrat activism meant that she remained in obvious danger, but she rejected the opportunity to flee the country. She remained in Vienna and took work with a Jewish owned textiles company in Vienna's central Salzgries district.
683:
number of "pen pal" friendships with people she had known at
RavensbrĂĽck. Darker aspects of her role included the two times she was locked up in the so-called "bunker", the first time for a few weeks and the second time for over six months. A fellow inmate, whom other camp survivors would later identify as a "spy", had denounced her to the
378:. Jochmann managed to evade immediate capture and continued with – now illegal – party work while using a forged identity card as "Josefine Drechsler" (which was her younger sister's name). She was able to remain at liberty for more than half a year, and was at the centre of attempts to create an illegal successor organisation to the
618:"Wir wurden ins Bad gebracht, all unsere Sachen wurden uns weggenommen, dann mussten wir natĂĽrlich nackt einen Parademarsch vor den anwesenden Aerzten und der zum Spass hinzugezogenen SS machen. Ueber den Inhalt des Gespraeches das sich daraufhin ergab will ich schweigen, denn er ist nicht wiederzugeben."
654:
held approximately 132,000 women and children, 20,000 men and 1,000 "female young people", who came, according to registration data, from more than forty nations. Tens of thousands would be murdered or would die from hunger and illness. In the camp developed a close practical comradeship and personal
198:(or, according to other sources, exhaustion) Jochmann later told an interviewer that she had by this time been nursing her sick mother for six years. She now became the principal carer for her two surviving younger sisters, Josefine (Peperle) and Anna (Antschi), while also looking after her father.
496:
Die
Anklage gegen Rosa Jochmann führt folgendes aus: Die Angeklagte hat sich nach dem Zusammenbruch des Februaraufstandes wiederholt in Wien und in Niederösterreich unangemeldet aufgehalten. Trotz der Auflösung und des behördlichen Verbots der Sozialdemokratischen Partei nach dem Februar 1934 wurde
470:
Rosa
Jochmann is indicted as follows: After the collapse of the February uprising the accused has repeatedly been present in Vienna and Lower Austria without her presence being registered. In defiance of the dissolution and official ban in respect of the Social Democratic Party after February 1934,
502:
Diese
Organisation stand unter der Leitung eines Zentralkomitees: die Zehnerscharen. Zur Erreichung seines Zweckes gab das Zentralkomitee, in dem sich auch Vertreter der Kommunistischen Partei befanden, folgende Weisung: Die Mitglieder der revolutionären Organisationen sollten in möglichst großer
682:
As block senior she took a particular interest in looking after children in ways that increased their chances of surviving the camp. Testimony to that appeared at the end of her life in the form of numerous written expressions of appreciation from those whom she had helped. She also sustained a
214:
As a child it was Rosa
Jochmann's ambition to become a nun and teacher, or a mother. When she was eleven, as a top student at her school, she was able to complete a typing and stenography course, which under other circumstances might have opened the way to a teaching career, but her domestic
478:
The organisation is led by a
Central Committee, the "tens of thousands". In pursuit of its objectives the Central Committee, which also contains members of the Communist Party, issued the following instruction: Members of the revolutionary organisations should register as members of the
713:
in April 1945 Rosa
Jochmann was one of many who stayed on for several weeks to help care for survivors. From Austria there came no evidence of any official offer to return the Austrian RavensbrĂĽck survivors across the mountains back to their home country. Jochmann therefore traveled to
614:"We were taken to the baths: all our things were taken from us. Then of course we had to parade naked in front of the camp physicians and for the delight of the SS men who had been called in. I will say nothing about their conversations, because those things are not to be repeated."
718:
with the communist
Friederike "Friedl" Sinclair and negotiated the provision of transport with the Soviet military commander there. She then returned to the camp and helped organise the repatriation. Traveling home with fellow survivors she celebrated her forty-fourth birthday.
634:
in Vienna for more than half a year. This period of uncertainty ended in March 1940 when she was marked out for "protective custody" and placed on a train to
Germany. She was accompanied by the ominous note on her detention order "RĂĽckkehr unerwĂĽnscht"
758:
was conducted on 25 November 1945 across Vienna and four military occupation zones into which the rest of the country had been divided. When the new parliamentarians took their seats on 19 December 1945 Rosa Jochmann was among them, a member of the
242:
Jochmann's union activism continued, and increasingly came to embrace a wider political activism. In 1926 the head of the Chemical Workers Union, Julius WeiĂź, arranged for her to be a member of the first group of students at the newly established
355:. He instantly resigned the party leadership, but during the difficult years that followed was able to remain in frequent contact with former party comrades as an advisor and inspiration. All the individuals who had been members of the
298:
was adopted, as an observer, viewing from the visitors' gallery. Very quickly, however, she moved up the party hierarchy. In 1932 she became a member of the party Women's Secretariat. In 1933, at the last party conference before the
549:
Her release, which came in November 1935, did little to reduce the pressure on her. She devoted the next few months to looking after friends awaiting their own trials. Comrades who faced trial in Vienna in March 1936 included
841:. She presented countless lectures and communicated her own contemporary experiences and insights, addressing schools and as a conference speaker, both in Austria and abroad. Her final high-profile attendance was at the
581:
marched into Austria. Newsreels showing Austrian crowds cheering the invading columns of soldiers were quickly distributed round the world, but many Austrians, especially those who had been involved in opposition to the
446:
police, backed up by the gendarmerie stormed the event. Two people were shot. "More gendarmes turned up and our people tried to defend themselves. Shots were fired and many people fled. You heard screaming and moaning."
533:
Records survive of her interrogation sessions, which when first she was incarcerated often took place several times per day over a succession of days. The investigators were trying to reconstruct the events of the
433:
political activity, though illegal, was still relatively brazen during the middle part of 1934. Leaflets were distributed and stickers applied to walls and street furniture. There were even public meetings. A
169:, in the southeast of the city, where they lived in a succession of rented rooms until 1912 when they moved into an apartment in one of the new so-called "Krankenkassenhäusern" (social housing – literally:
418:. Jochmann addressed illegal rallies, participated in "conferences and actions" and engaged in the distribution of printed material. Armed with her sister's identity card, she made repeated visits to the
165:, the fourth of her parents' six children. Her father worked as an iron foundryman: her mother worked in domestic service and as a laundry worker. While she was still very young the family moved to the
1213:
483:
in the greatest possible numbers ... (the charge then spells out the alleged role of Rosa Jochmann within the organisation and her involvement in transporting illegal political printed materials")
465:, appeared before the magistrate's court, presided over by Dr. Oslo, to answer charges of breaching the peace and violating §30 of the Press Law. The public prosecutor was Dr. Erwin Scheibert.
1489:
Erinnerungspolitik der DDR. Dargestellt an der Berichterstattung der Tageszeitung "Neues Deutschland" über die Nationalen Mahn- und Gedenkstätten Buchenwald, Ravensbrück und Sachsenhausen
876:
Rosa Jochmann was one of the prominent RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp inmates who was publicly commemorated during the liberation celebrations at the RavensbrĂĽck National Memorial of the
347:
in the next door room. The insurgency collapsed after the government called in the army. On the night of 12 February 1934 Jochmann was one of those who persuaded the leader of the party,
518:
political leaflets for onward distribution. Police appeared as she reached the kiosk. They arrested Jochmann, confiscated the leaflets and searched the kiosk." Jochmann was detained at
351:, that for him to remain in Austria would be personally fatal. Bauer escaped across the border to the north, and would spend the next four years as a political exile in
497:
von der Organisation der „Revolutionären Sozialisten“ der Kampf gegen die Regierung mit dem Ziele der endgültigen Aufrichtung der proletarischen Diktatur fortgesetzt."
542:. It as not till April 1935 that she was convicted and sentenced. She was guilty of carrying illegal goods – the political printed matter – which was a violation of
1560:
1607:
1439:
530:
on behalf of the Vienna district court. By 22 November 1935 Rosa Jochmann would have spent fifteen months in jail, most of which comprised pre-trial detention.
1149:
1068:
1612:
730:
from which the Nazi occupants had fled, but she rejected the offer in no uncertain terms, and for some years was happy to live in a single rented room.
643:, roughly an hour to the north of Berlin for those able to make the journey by car. Here she survived till liberation came in the early summer of 1945.
1602:
234:
plant. Early on she became a works council member and active trades unionist. In 1920 colleagues at Auer elected her chair of the works council.
1357:
787:
515:
472:
430:
411:
1042:
1622:
367:
779:
1127:
921:
quarter of Vienna was renamed, "Rosa-Jochmann-Ring" in celebration of her life and contribution. The nearby Rosa Jochmann school and
514:
carrying two brief cases. She was observed by a police informer as she approached a newspaper kiosk. She was intending to hand over
778:
In 1967, now aged 66, Rosa Jochmann retired from all but one of her political offices. The exception was her role as chair of the
255:. She was one of very few women attending the wide-ranging six-month course which she completed successfully. Topics included
1496:
527:
295:
602:
Prisoners were subjected to mistreatment and torture from the outset. Women were also subjected to sexual violence from the
563:
523:
102:
1617:
911:
939:(Vienna based newspaper) identified Rosa Jochmann as one of the fifty most important Austrians of the last fifty years.
846:
1271:
768:
764:
755:
739:
462:
379:
363:
356:
300:
287:
174:
141:
92:
918:
651:
640:
215:
situation closed off that option. Nor would she ever become a mother. In 1915 she started work as an assistant with
137:
1627:
1512:
853:
359:
national executive faced charges of high treason: most were arrested in the days following the armed altercation.
348:
340:
747:
216:
180:, alongside the "Braunhubergasse" (street). She would still be living in southeast Vienna seventy years later.
1326:
339:
radio messages, updating the outside world about the progress of the fighting, and then delivering texts to
676:
264:
656:
539:
406:), but were very soon identifying themselves as the "Central Committee of the Revolutionary Socialists" (
328:
798:
760:
480:
442:, just outside the city. Jochmann was due to speak. As she began to address several hundred people the
371:
1082:
Rainer Mayerhofer (interviewer) (18 July 1981). "Gespräch mit Rosa Jochmann zu ihrem 80. Geburtstag".
1010:
382:. On 26 February 1934 five political comrades who had not been arrested met in a private apartment in
1516:
526:
ordered that she be transferred back to Vienna, where she was held in investigative detention at the
857:
822:
422:
frontier near Brno, from where she smuggled leaflets and bundles of the illegal "Arbeiterzeitung" (
332:
256:
1461:
904:
818:
283:. Still aged only 25, she emerged to be appointed union secretary of the Chemical Workers Union.
889:
885:
850:
811:
743:
1382:
1103:
1091:
723:
275:. Her teachers included future leaders of the Social Democratic movement in Austria, such as
244:
1597:
1592:
922:
591:
375:
763:. She was again a member of the party executive between 1956 and 1967 and deputy chair of
8:
1191:
435:
312:
1305:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994): Nationalsozialismus / Frauenkonzentrationslager Ravensbrück"
457:
Rosa Jochmann finally faced trial in April 1935. A press report summarized the charges.
861:
834:
535:
399:
324:
304:
195:
177:
166:
1492:
1143:
1062:
1049:. Bezirkszentrum der SPĂ– Alsergrund, Wien. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007
881:
821:: Group 14C, Number 1A. Her gravestone and adjacent memorial tablet were designed by
387:
1417:
897:
672:
668:
429:
There was a widespread perception that the Austrofascist régime would not last, and
16:
Austrian resistance activist, politician and RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp survivor
1166:
1013:. Dokumentationsstelle Frauenforschung am Institut fĂĽr Wissenschaft und Kunst, Wien
395:
228:
188:
1567:. Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes, Wien. 10 September 2013
1304:
975:
519:
511:
45:
1274:. Ă–sterreichische Lagergemeinschaft RavensbrĂĽck & FreundInnen (Ă–LGR/F), Wien
1011:"Jochmann Rosa, Arbeiterin, Widerstandskämpferin (SDAP) und Nationalrätin (SPÖ)"
842:
543:
419:
344:
1248:
893:
659:(who faced additional dangers because the authorities had classified her as a
1586:
1538:
684:
603:
587:
583:
551:
415:
391:
308:
929:
877:
865:
838:
575:
559:
439:
294:
in 1926. She attended that year's party conference, at which the important
203:
750:
that Austria should again be separated from Germany as it had been before
307:(1903–1995) were elected to the party national executive in succession to
194:
When Rosa Jochmann was fourteen her mother died, aged just forty-one from
925:
555:
280:
199:
158:
667:. Through the intervention of a fellow inmate, the economist-politician
1330:
1249:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994): Austrofaschismus/Revolutionäre Sozialisten"
664:
594:
383:
276:
231:
1440:"Die Sozialdemokratischen Freiheitskämpfer trauern um Leopold Grausam"
727:
610:. Rosa Jochmann later recalled her arrival at the concentration camp:
252:
928:
have also, subsequently, been renamed in her honour. In the adjacent
751:
630:
Rosa Jochmann was re-arrested on 22 August 1939. She was held by the
578:
336:
133:
475:
with the ultimate objective of creating the Proletarian Dictatorship
710:
660:
461:"Rosa Jochmann, the former member of the national executive of the
272:
224:
538:, the identities of those involved and their connections with the
510:
On 30 August 1934 Rosa Jochmann arrived at the railway station in
438:
was scheduled for 15 July 1934 at the Predigtstuhl Meadows in the
631:
586:, had little reason to celebrate Austria's incorporation into an
443:
184:
67:
738:
Jochmann resumed her political life as a leftwing member of the
722:
In Vienna her apartment had been bombed out. She was offered an
402:
initially described themselves as the "national group of five" (
1130:. Wiener Zeitung. Archived from the original on 26 January 2004
1081:
936:
715:
202:
had broken out in 1914 and Rosa's brother, Karl, returned with
162:
63:
42:
932:
the naming of the Rosa Jochmann Park also honours her memory.
220:
1387:
125 Jahre – Geschichte der österreichischen Sozialdemokratie
1334:
352:
562:
and Jochmann's own partner, the future secretary of state
471:
opposition against the government has been pursued by the
761:
National Council (lower house of the Austrian parliament)
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
742:(as the Social Democratic party was now rebranded). The
1420:. Verein fĂĽr Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung, Wien
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1383:"Rosa Jochmann SPĂ–-Frauenvorsitzende von 1959 bis 1967"
1307:. Verein fĂĽr Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung, Wien
1251:. Verein fĂĽr Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung, Wien
1194:. Republik Ă–sterreich Parlamentsdirektion. 27 July 2011
1169:. Verein fĂĽr Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung, Wien
1128:"Rosa Jochmann: SymbolfĂĽr Demokratie und MenschenwĂĽrde"
978:. Verein fĂĽr Geschichte der ArbeiterInnenbewegung, Wien
917:
In 1995, the year following her death, a street in the
1362:
Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes
1286:
871:
817:
Her body was buried in Vienna's (misleadingly named)
528:
Rossauer Lände jail (known to inmates as the "Liesl")
1401:
1375:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
767:. She was also, between 1959 and 1967, chair of the
884:, Yevgenia Klemm, Antonina Nikiforova, Mela Ernst,
810:Rosa Jochmann died following a heart attack at the
1418:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994): Nie wieder Faschismus"
1167:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994): Politischer Werdegang"
183:Her parents had both migrated to the capital from
1228:
1186:
1184:
173:) which had been built at the instigation of the
1584:
1454:
1148:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1067:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
976:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994): Kindheit und Jugend"
1319:
1272:"Rosa Jochmann 19. Juli 1901 – 28. Jänner 1994"
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
860:. She spoke out, warning one last time against
845:, still (in 2018) the largest demonstration in
408:"Zentralkomitee der Revolutionären Sozialisten"
327:in 1934 Rosa Jochmann was installed inside the
1608:Social Democratic Party of Austria politicians
1553:
1389:. Sozialdemokratische Partei Ă–sterreichs, Wien
1181:
1075:
786:, which consists of former members of the old
219:, a long established Viennese manufacturer of
1491:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 64.
1125:
655:friendship with her political soul-mate, the
639:). On 21 March 1940 she was delivered to the
152:
1486:
1327:"Widerstandskämpferin Erna Musik verstorben"
949:
833:Jochmann warned throughout her life against
366:was expressly outlawed, in the context of a
1269:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
782:"Association of Socialist Freedom Fighters"
414:concentrated on building opposition to the
1565:Benennung einer städtischen Wohnhausanlage
1432:
1349:
1161:
1159:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1084:Arbeiter-Zeitung (VGA-Dokumentation 2/2001
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
368:more far reaching programme of destruction
187:, where her father had been active in the
1603:Members of the National Council (Austria)
1355:
1040:
935:In 2004 a newspaper poll reported by the
780:"Bund sozialistischer Freiheitskämpfer" (
1613:RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp survivors
1531:
1263:
1206:
990:
797:
132:(19 July 1901 – 28 January 1994) was an
1505:
1156:
1110:
1025:
849:, held in opposition to anti-foreigner
362:Directly after the February events the
1585:
746:had agreed between themselves back in
473:"Revolutionary Socialist" organisation
1043:"Rosa Jochmann 19.7.1901 – 28.1.1994"
290:"Sozialdemokratischen Arbeiterpartei"
1487:Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2012).
793:
237:
227:), after which she ended up at the
13:
1623:Prisoners and detainees of Austria
1513:"Rosa Jochmann Wiener EhrenbĂĽrger"
872:Public recognition and celebration
140:survivor who became a politician (
14:
1639:
641:concentration camp at RavensbrĂĽck
167:11th district (Simmering Viertel)
733:
709:After the camp was liberated by
412:Revolutionary Socialist movement
318:
1480:
1468:. Mauthausen Komitee Ă–sterreich
814:in Vienna on 28 January 1994.
652:RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp
646:
376:democratic political structure
303:was banned, Rosa Jochmann and
286:Rosa Jochmann also joined the
157:Rosa Jochmann was born in the
138:RavensbrĂĽck concentration camp
1:
1541:. GTVS Rosa Jochmann, Wien 11
1214:"Rosa Jochmann 1901 bis 1994"
942:
665:Erna Raus (later. Erna Musik)
637:loosely "not to be sent back"
80:Union activist & official
1216:. Karl-Renner-Institut, Wien
773:"Vorsitzende der SPĂ–-Frauen"
569:
540:Republican Protection League
522:for three months before the
329:Republican Protection League
123:Josefina _______ (1874–1915)
7:
1618:Austrian resistance members
1462:"Rosa Jochmann (1901–1994)"
843:1993 Lichtermeer mass-event
171:"sickness insurance houses"
10:
1644:
903:Rosa Jochmann was awarded
878:German Democratic Republic
828:
325:four day February Uprising
217:Victor Schmidt & Söhne
189:Social democratic movement
153:Provenance and early years
1519:. 30 July 1981. p. 8
1517:Arbeiter-Zeitung (Vienna)
804:Rosa Jochmann 1901 – 1994
450:
440:Wienerwald (Vienna Woods)
288:Social Democratic Party (
267:"Staats- und Sozialrecht"
121:Karl Jochmann (1876–1920)
117:
109:
98:
88:
74:
52:
28:
21:
1442:. SPĂ–-Bundesorganisation
788:Revolutionary Socialists
756:postwar general election
744:victorious allied powers
404:"zentralen FĂĽnfergruppe"
136:resistance activist and
1628:Politicians from Vienna
926:residential development
516:Revolutionary Socialist
431:Revolutionary Socialist
333:George Washington Court
209:
147:
905:Honorary citizenship (
807:
706:
627:
507:
265:Public and Civil Law (
1539:"Rosa Jochman School"
896:, Minna Villain, and
801:
690:
604:Nazi paramilitaries (
600:
590:under the control of
588:enlarged German state
455:
374:, aimed at Austria's
1358:"Wegen der Hoffnung"
930:Leopoldstadt quarter
890:Olga Benário Prestes
886:Katja Niederkirchner
584:Austrofascist régime
424:"Workers' Newspaper"
416:Austrofascist régime
398:, Rosa Jochmann und
247:"Arbeiterhochschule"
175:socialist politician
1561:"Rosa Jochmann-Hof"
1126:Rainer Mayerhofer.
1086:(in German): 24–27.
1047:Eine Kurzbiographie
923:Rosa Jochmann Court
862:Far-right extremism
835:Far-right extremism
728:Vienna 19 (Döbling)
685:Nazi paramilitaries
657:resistance activist
524:prosecutor's office
436:commemorative rally
372:Dollfuss government
313:Therese Schlesinger
296:new party programme
257:Applied Economics (
253:Vienna 19 (Döbling)
82:Resistance activist
1102:has generic name (
907:"EhrenbĂĽrgerrecht"
808:
754:. Austria's first
675:was taken away to
305:Helene Postranecky
259:"Nationalökonomie"
245:Workers' Academy (
196:multiple sclerosis
1498:978-3-631-63678-7
1270:Hannelore Stoff.
888:, Rosa Thälmann,
592:a post democratic
574:On 12 March 1938
536:February Uprising
388:Manfred Ackermann
335:. From there she
127:
126:
1635:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1414:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1123:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1038:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
988:
987:
985:
983:
972:
882:Martha Desrumaux
851:"Austrian First"
819:Central Cemetery
812:Hanusch Hospital
794:Death and burial
726:Jewish villa in
679:to be murdered.
426:) into Austria.
331:headquarters at
311:(1869–1939) and
238:Political career
59:
38:
36:
19:
18:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1356:Rosa Jochmann.
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1337:. 11 March 2009
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1192:"Rosa Jochmann"
1190:
1189:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1041:Peter Lhotzky.
1039:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
991:
981:
979:
974:
973:
950:
945:
874:
847:postwar Austria
831:
823:Leopold Grausam
806:
796:
736:
707:
705:
649:
628:
626:
595:Nazi government
572:
520:Wiener Neustadt
512:Wiener Neustadt
508:
481:Patriotic Front
453:
400:Ludwig Kostroun
321:
240:
212:
178:Laurenz Widholz
155:
150:
122:
89:Political party
83:
81:
79:
70:
61:
57:
56:28 January 1994
48:
46:Austria-Hungary
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1579:
1578:
1552:
1530:
1504:
1497:
1479:
1453:
1431:
1400:
1374:
1348:
1318:
1285:
1262:
1227:
1205:
1180:
1155:
1109:
1074:
1024:
989:
947:
946:
944:
941:
898:Maria GrollmuĂź
873:
870:
830:
827:
802:
795:
792:
735:
732:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
673:Käthe Leichter
669:Käthe Leichter
648:
645:
622:
621:
620:
615:
599:
571:
568:
564:Franz Rauscher
506:
505:
499:
492:
491:
485:
484:
476:
467:
466:
454:
452:
449:
345:Julius Deutsch
320:
317:
239:
236:
211:
208:
154:
151:
149:
146:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
103:Franz Rauscher
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
78:Factory worker
76:
72:
71:
62:
60:(aged 92)
54:
50:
49:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1540:
1534:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1467:
1466:denk mal Wien
1463:
1457:
1441:
1435:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1273:
1266:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1215:
1209:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1145:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1100:|author=
1093:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
977:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
948:
940:
938:
933:
931:
927:
924:
920:
915:
913:
910:
908:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
869:
867:
863:
859:
858:Freedom Party
855:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
826:
824:
820:
815:
813:
805:
800:
791:
789:
785:
783:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
734:After the war
731:
729:
725:
720:
717:
712:
711:Soviet forces
704:
703:Rosa Jochmann
698:
695:
692:
691:
688:
686:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
644:
642:
638:
633:
625:
624:Rosa Jochmann
619:
616:
613:
612:
611:
609:
607:
598:
596:
593:
589:
585:
580:
577:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Bruno Kreisky
547:
545:
541:
537:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
504:
500:
498:
494:
493:
490:
487:
486:
482:
477:
474:
469:
468:
464:
460:
459:
458:
448:
445:
441:
437:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:Karl Holoubek
393:
392:Roman Felleis
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:Austrofascism
316:
315:(1863–1940).
314:
310:
309:Adelheid Popp
306:
302:
297:
293:
291:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
268:
262:
260:
254:
250:
248:
235:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
207:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
181:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:20th district
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:Rosa Jochmann
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
77:
75:Occupation(s)
73:
69:
65:
55:
51:
47:
44:
31:
27:
23:Rosa Jochmann
20:
1569:. Retrieved
1564:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1533:
1521:. Retrieved
1507:
1488:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1465:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1391:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1276:. Retrieved
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1218:. Retrieved
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1171:. Retrieved
1132:. Retrieved
1092:cite journal
1083:
1077:
1051:. Retrieved
1046:
1015:. Retrieved
980:. Retrieved
934:
916:
906:
902:
880:(GDR), like
875:
866:Antisemitism
839:Antisemitism
832:
816:
809:
803:
781:
777:
772:
737:
721:
708:
702:
696:
681:
650:
636:
629:
623:
617:
605:
601:
573:
560:Maria Emhart
548:
532:
509:
501:
495:
488:
456:
428:
423:
420:Czechoslovak
407:
403:
361:
337:stenographed
322:
289:
285:
266:
258:
246:
241:
221:sweets/candy
213:
204:Tuberculosis
193:
182:
170:
156:
129:
128:
58:(1994-01-28)
39:19 July 1901
1598:1994 deaths
1593:1901 births
894:Olga Körner
687:in charge.
647:RavensbrĂĽck
558:along with
556:Franz Jonas
323:During the
281:Karl Renner
200:World War I
105:(1900–1988)
1587:Categories
1331:Die Presse
943:References
349:Otto Bauer
341:Otto Bauer
277:Otto Bauer
232:gas mantle
84:Politician
35:1901-07-19
1341:12 August
919:Semmering
914:in 1981.
912:of Vienna
765:the party
724:Aryanised
677:Auschwitz
570:Re-arrest
544:Press Law
118:Parent(s)
1571:11 March
1545:11 March
1523:11 March
1472:10 March
1446:10 March
1424:10 March
1393:10 March
1367:10 March
1311:10 March
1220:11 March
1144:cite web
1063:cite web
854:populism
661:half-Jew
384:Vienna 9
273:Rhetoric
225:Unilever
134:Austrian
110:Children
93:SDAP/SPĂ–
1278:9 March
1255:9 March
1198:8 March
1173:9 March
1134:8 March
1053:8 March
1017:8 March
982:8 March
856:of the
829:Mission
771:women (
632:Gestapo
410:). The
370:by the
292:/ SDAP)
185:Moravia
99:Partner
68:Austria
1495:
937:Kurier
716:Vienna
579:troops
576:German
451:Arrest
163:Vienna
64:Vienna
43:Vienna
444:local
357:party
1573:2018
1547:2018
1525:2018
1493:ISBN
1474:2018
1448:2018
1426:2018
1395:2018
1369:2018
1343:2020
1335:Wien
1313:2018
1280:2018
1257:2018
1222:2018
1200:2018
1175:2018
1150:link
1136:2018
1104:help
1069:link
1055:2018
1019:2018
984:2018
864:and
837:and
752:1938
748:1943
554:and
463:SDAP
380:SDAP
364:SDAP
353:Brno
343:and
301:SDAP
279:and
271:and
229:Auer
210:Work
148:Life
113:none
53:Died
29:Born
775:).
769:SPĂ–
740:SPĂ–
251:in
161:of
144:).
142:SPĂ–
1589::
1563:.
1515:.
1464:.
1403:^
1385:.
1360:.
1333:,
1329:.
1288:^
1230:^
1183:^
1158:^
1146:}}
1142:{{
1112:^
1096::
1094:}}
1090:{{
1065:}}
1061:{{
1045:.
1027:^
992:^
951:^
900:.
892:,
868:.
825:.
790:.
663:)
606:SS
566:.
394:,
390:,
386::
263:,
66:,
1575:.
1549:.
1527:.
1501:.
1476:.
1450:.
1428:.
1397:.
1371:.
1345:.
1315:.
1282:.
1259:.
1224:.
1202:.
1177:.
1152:)
1138:.
1106:)
1071:)
1057:.
1021:.
986:.
909:)
784:)
635:(
608:)
269:)
261:)
249:)
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.