191:. Schneiderman's father died in the winter of 1892, leaving the family in poverty. Her mother worked as a seamstress, trying to keep the family together, but the financial strain forced her to put her children in a Jewish orphanage for some time. Schneiderman left school in 1895 after the sixth grade, although she would have liked to continue her education. She went to work, starting as a cashier in a department store and then in 1898 as a lining stitcher in a cap factory in the Lower East Side. In 1902 she and the rest of her family moved briefly to
457:(1879–1937), another working class woman active in the WTUL, until Swartz's death in 1937. It is unknown whether this relationship was romantic or not, but Swartz and Schneiderman were indeed work and travel partners, and were invited to events together and gave gifts together. According to Historian Annelise Orleck, "Schneiderman gives no more specific description of her feelings for Swartz than to say that 'she was a wonderful companion.' Euphemistic or not, that probably provides an emotionally accurate sense of their relationship."
359:(NAWSA), she traveled throughout Ohio's industrial cities, giving lectures to working men to garner support for a state suffrage referendum. To win men's support, she emphasized how beneficial the enfranchisement of working women would be for labor issues. As she later explained, "My argument to them was that if their wives and daughters were enfranchised, labor would be able to influence legislation enormously." While Schneiderman was hailed as a powerful speaker, the 1912 referendum did not pass, and it would not be until 1923 –
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had locked the exit doors to keep workers from stealing materials – at dozens of sweatshops in New York City and surrounding communities; twenty-five workers had died in a similar sweatshop fire in Newark, New Jersey, shortly before the
Triangle disaster. Schneiderman expressed her anger at the memorial meeting held in the Metropolitan Opera House on April 2, 1911, to an audience largely made up of the well-heeled members of the WTUL:
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330:'s Labor Advisory Board by President Roosevelt, and was a member of Roosevelt's "brain trust" during that decade. From 1937 to 1944 she was secretary of labor for New York State, and campaigned for the extension of social security to domestic workers and for equal pay for female workers. During the late 1930s and early 1940s, she was involved in efforts to rescue European Jews, but could only rescue a small number.
398:, which proposed equal rights for all citizens, regardless of sex. Like other female labor activists, however, Schneiderman opposed the ERA, fearing it would deprive working women of the special statutory protections for which the WTUL had fought so hard, including the regulation of wages and hours, and protection against termination and dangerous working conditions during pregnancy.
223:(WTUL), an organization that lent moral and financial support to the organizing efforts of women workers. She quickly became one of the most prominent members and was elected the New York branch's vice president in 1908. She left the factory to work for the league, attending school with a stipend provided by one of the League's wealthy supporters. She was an active participant in the
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to activists), distributed literature, and instituted a series of open letters that explained how suffrage could help women improve their own working conditions. On the day of the election, Schneiderman and several friends staffed three election districts – the first time, she later wrote, that they had seen the inside of a polling station. The referendum passed, granting
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This is not the first time girls have been burned alive in the city. Every week I must learn of the untimely death of one of my sister workers. Every year thousands of us are maimed. The life of men and women is so cheap and property is so sacred. There are so many of us for one job it matters little
264:
I would be a traitor to these poor burned bodies if I came here to talk good fellowship. We have tried you good people of the public and we have found you wanting. The old
Inquisition had its rack and its thumbscrews and its instruments of torture with iron teeth. We know what these things are today;
521:
seeking "to confirm the mural's current location, insure that the artwork is adequately preserved, and ultimately to restore it to the
Department of Labor's lobby in Augusta". On March 23, 2012, US District Judge John A. Woodcock ruled that the removal of the mural was a protected form of government
343:
Beginning in 1907, at the First
Convention of Women Trade Unionists, Schneiderman argued that the political enfranchisement of women was necessary to address their poor working conditions. Accordingly, she helped expand the women's suffrage movement – which was primarily associated with middle-class
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We have tried you citizens; we are trying you now, and you have a couple of dollars for the sorrowing mothers and brothers and sisters by way of a charity gift. But every time the workers come out in the only way they know to protest against conditions which are unbearable the strong hand of the law
374:
In 1917, the same year that New York would vote on a women's suffrage referendum, Schneiderman was appointed head of the industrial section of the New York Women's
Suffrage Association. In this capacity, she spoke at men's union meetings (though many employers had attempted to ban men from speaking
285:
Despite her harsh words, Schneiderman continued working in the WTUL as an organizer, returning to it after a frustrating year on the staff of the male-dominated ILGWU. She subsequently became president of its New York branch, then its national president for more than twenty years until it disbanded
410:
What the woman who labors wants is the right to live, not simply exist — the right to life as the rich woman has the right to life, and the sun and music and art. You have nothing that the humblest worker has not a right to have also. The worker must have bread, but she must have roses, too.
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in 1911, in which 146 garment workers were burned alive or died jumping from the ninth floor of a factory building, dramatized the conditions that
Schneiderman, the WTUL and the union movement were fighting. The WTUL had documented similar unsafe conditions – factories without fire escapes or that
31:
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Public officials have only words of warning to us – warning that we must be intensely orderly and must be intensely peaceable, and they have the workhouse just back of all their warnings. The strong hand of the law beats us back, when we rise, into the conditions that make life unbearable.
311:(151,246). Her platform had called for the construction of nonprofit housing for workers, improved neighborhood schools, publicly owned power utilities and staple food markets, and state-funded health and unemployment insurance for all Americans.
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I can't talk fellowship to you who are gathered here. Too much blood has been spilled. I know from my experience it is up to the working people to save themselves. The only way they can save themselves is by a strong working-class
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the iron teeth are our necessities, the thumbscrews are the high-powered and swift machinery close to which we must work, and the rack is here in the firetrap structures that will destroy us the minute they catch on fire.
334:
wrote to her: "It must be a source of deep gratification to you to be making so important a contribution to rescuing our persecuted fellow Jews from their calamitous peril and leading them toward a better future."
218:
Schneiderman obtained wider recognition during a citywide capmakers' strike in 1905. Elected secretary of her local and a delegate to the New York City
Central Labor Union, she came into contact with the New York
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women – to include working-class women, especially factory workers, and to incorporate the issues they faced. She became a popular speaker with suffrage organizations that focused on working women, including
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In 1949, Schneiderman retired from public life, making occasional radio speeches and appearances for various labor unions, devoting her time to writing her memoirs, which she published under the title
349:
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speech and that LePage removing it would be no different from his refusing to read aloud a history of labor in Maine. A month later, supporters of the mural filed a notice of appeal in the
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removed and brought to a secret location. The mural has 11 panels, and has also a picture showing Rose
Schneiderman, although she had never lived or worked in Maine. According to
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215:, the union told them to come back after they had succeeded in organizing twenty-five women. They did that within days and the union then chartered its first women's local.
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496:, who was inaugurated in January of the same year, had a three-year-old 36 foot-wide mural with scenes of Maine workers on the Department of Labor's building in
464:, she was credited with teaching Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt "most of what they knew about unions," and having an indirect influence on the passage of the
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364:
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326:. In 1926, she was elected president of the National WTUL, a post she retained until her retirement. In 1933, she was the only woman to be appointed on the
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legislation. The obituary also declared that she had done "more to upgrade the dignity and living standards of working women than any other
American."
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She returned to New York in 1903 and, with a partner worker, started organizing the women in her factory. When they applied for a charter to the
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534:'s atrium per an agreement between the Museum and the Department of Labor, and that it would be available for public viewing the next day.
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she helped to pass the New York state referendum of 1917 that gave women the right to vote. Schneiderman was also a founding member of the
588:, Papers of the Women's Trade Union League and Its Principal Leaders, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, Research Publications, 1981
510:, the farmworkers' leader; one after Rose Schneiderman, a leader of the New York Women's Trade Union League a century ago; and one after
232:
1568:
1276:
McGuire, John Thomas (2009). "From
Socialism to Social Justice Feminism: Rose Schneiderman and the Quest for Urban Equity, 1911–1933".
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Schneiderman never married, and treated her nieces and nephews as if they were her own children. She had a long-term relationship with
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Schneiderman is credited with coining one of the most memorable phrases of the women's movement and the labor movement of her era:
530:. The court rejected the appeal on November 28, 2012. On January 13, 2013, it was announced that the mural had been placed in the
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that granted women the right to vote - that the phrase "white male," in reference to voting, would be removed from the
224:
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184:, normally reserved for boys, in Sawin, and then to a Russian public school in Chełm. In 1890 the family migrated to
1436:
Guide to the Rose Schneiderman collection of photographic prints (1909-1962) at the Tamiment Library, New York City
489:
327:
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145:
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180:. Her parents, Samuel and Deborah (Rothman) Schneiderman, worked in the sewing trades. Schneiderman first went to
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Give Us Bread but Give Us Roses: Working Women's Consciousness in the United States, 1890 to the First World War
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506:, "LePage has also ordered that the Labor Department's seven conference rooms be renamed. One is named after
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164:
Rose Schneiderman was born Rachel Schneiderman on April 6, 1882, the first of four children of a religious
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Common sense & a little fire : women and working-class politics in the United States, 1900-1965
674:
Common sense & a little fire : women and working-class politics in the United States, 1900-1965
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Rose Schneiderman died in New York City on August 11, 1972, at age ninety. In an obituary appearing in
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842:"An Aunt's Legacy Is Erased in Maine: A Century after Triangle Fire, Labor Activist's Name Is Purged"
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51:
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as the candidate of the New York State Labor Party, receiving 15,086 votes and finishing behind the
1431:
Guide to the Rose Schneiderman archive of papers (1909-1964) at the Tamiment Library, New York City
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100:
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Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900-1965
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629:. Vol. 26, no. 2. New York: Charity Organization Society. 1911. pp. 84–85
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607:. New York, N.Y.: The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Inc. pp. 412–413 – via
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In March 2011, almost 100 years to the day after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire,
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Women and the American Labor Movement: From the First Trade Unions to the Present
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514:, who became the nation's first female labor secretary and is buried in Maine."
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of 1919, which aimed to address women's working conditions at the first annual
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156:," to indicate a worker's right to something higher than subsistence living.
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On April 1, 2011, it was disclosed that a federal lawsuit had been filed in
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1323:. Vol. 2. Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Company. pp.
608:
436:
308:
352:, and the American Suffragettes, a militant group based in New York City.
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440:
125:
89:
1207:
Solidarity Forever: Rose Schneiderman and the Women's Trade Union League
227:, the massive strike of shirtwaist workers in New York City led by the
1086:"Labor Mural LePage Had Removed to Get New Home at Maine State Museum"
849:
1200:. Vol. 19. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408.
676:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 88, 94.
1357:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
813:"When Unions are Strong, Americans Enjoy the Fruits of Their Labor"
473:
192:
132:, she drew attention to unsafe workplace conditions, following the
121:
116:(April 6, 1882 – August 11, 1972) was a Polish-born American
30:
173:
1321:
The Way We Lived: Essays and Documents in American Social History
877:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 135.
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Help, you women of privilege, give her the ballot to fight with.
527:
195:, where she developed an interest in both radical politics and
165:
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in 1920, feminists regrouped and, under the leadership of the
485:
1246:"Rose Schneiderman and the Limits of Women's Trade Unionism"
1121:
History of the State of New York: Political and Governmental
641:
1404:
Out of the Sweatshop: The Struggle for Industrial Democracy
1257:. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp.
1441:
Rose Schneiderman Biography at the Jewish Women's Archive
790:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. p. 15.
1408:. New York: Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Company.
1066:. Bangor, Maine. The Associated Press. November 28, 2012
767:
1190:
Banks Nutter, Kathleen (1999). "Rose Schneiderman". In
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Cassidy, Laurie; O’Connell, Maureen H.O., eds. (2012).
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National American Woman Suffrage Association activists
721:"Ohio Women's Suffrage, Amendment 23 (September 1912)"
1445:
1319:. In Binder, Frederick M.; Reimers, David M. (eds.).
1166:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia
1124:. Vol. 4. Syracuse, New York: The Syracuse Press
1052:
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Emigrants from Congress Poland to the United States
977:"Fed. Lawsuit Filed over Maine Labor Mural Removal"
952:"Mural of Maine's Workers Becomes Political Target"
242:
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1244:
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1168:. Brookline, Massachusetts: Jewish Women's Archive
1138:
1040:. Augusta, Maine: MaineToday Media. April 24, 2012
1010:. Augusta, Maine: MaineToday Media. Archived from
788:Feminist Theological Aesthetics: She Who Imagines
653:
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231:in 1909. She also was a key member of the first
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423:of largely immigrant, largely women workers in
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1060:"1st Circuit Rejects Maine Labor Mural Appeal"
1034:"Labor Mural Plaintiffs File Notice of Appeal"
427:. It was later used as the title of a song by
1026:
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251:Pre-1920 poster for a Rose Schneiderman event
199:. Her brother was communal worker and editor
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748:. New York: P.S. Eriksson. pp. 124–125.
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357:National American Woman Suffrage Association
229:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
152:. She is credited with coining the phrase "
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1004:"Judge Sides with LePage on Mural Removal"
995:
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833:
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314:Schneiderman was a founding member of the
273:is allowed to press down heavily upon us.
29:
1316:"Rose Schneiderman and the Triangle Fire"
1544:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
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435:and sung by various artists, among them
350:Equality League of Self-Supporting Women
246:
148:'s Labor Advisory Board under President
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830:
763:. New York: P.S. Eriksson. p. 126.
709:. New York: P.S. Eriksson. p. 122.
597:
549:Listed as 1884 or 1886 in some sources.
233:International Congress of Working Women
124:, and one of the most prominent female
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1145:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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1574:American Civil Liberties Union people
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983:. The Associated Press. April 1, 2011
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213:United Cloth Hat and Cap Makers Union
128:leaders. As a member of the New York
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468:(also known as the Wagner Act), the
466:National Labor Relations Act of 1935
623:"Responsibility Is on All Citizens"
338:
172:, 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of
13:
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1002:Cover, Susan M. (March 24, 2012).
269:if 143 of us are burned to death.
14:
1620:
1589:Women's Trade Union League people
1569:Suffragists from New York (state)
1564:New York (state) Farmer–Laborites
1424:
1092:. Bangor, Maine. January 13, 2013
604:The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia
591:
566:
419:", became associated with a 1912
237:International Labour Organization
16:American labor leader (1882–1972)
1604:National Woman's Party activists
1539:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
1491:
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1467:
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470:National Industrial Recovery Act
328:National Recovery Administration
257:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
243:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
146:National Recovery Administration
134:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
940:
914:
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864:
811:Morris, David (April 8, 2011).
804:
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379:'s women full enfranchisement.
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840:Efrem, Maia (April 27, 2011).
713:
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615:
543:
524:First Circuit Court of Appeals
316:American Civil Liberties Union
159:
142:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
1118:(1922). Smith, Ray B. (ed.).
555:
1594:American socialist feminists
1559:Activists from New York City
1524:American trade union leaders
1380:. New York: P. S. Eriksson.
560:
104:
7:
1372:Schneiderman, Rose (1967).
1253:; Van Tine, Warren (eds.).
1197:American National Biography
759:Schneiderman, Rose (1967).
744:Schneiderman, Rose (1967).
705:Schneiderman, Rose (1967).
363:the passage of the federal
293:, Schneiderman ran for the
10:
1625:
1205:Endelman, Gary E. (1981).
1194:; Carnes, Mark C. (eds.).
1137:Eisenstein, Sarah (1983).
922:"Mural of Maine's Workers"
848:. New York. Archived from
396:United States Constitution
355:In 1912, on behalf of the
318:, and became friends with
221:Women's Trade Union League
168:family, in the village of
130:Women's Trade Union League
1579:Women trade union leaders
1400:Stein, Leon, ed. (1977).
1349:Orleck, Annalise (1995).
1313:Mitelman, Bonnie (1988).
1160:Orleck, Annalise (2009).
871:Orleck, Annelise (1995).
672:Orleck, Annelise (1995).
401:
390:, pursued passage of the
382:After the passage of the
206:
96:
85:
62:
37:
28:
21:
1290:10.1177/0096144209347990
1278:Journal of Urban History
1255:Labor Leaders in America
1225:. New York: Free Press.
846:The Jewish Daily Forward
650:, pp. 347–348, 350.
537:
431:and was set to music by
304:(159,623 votes) and the
480:Maine mural controversy
425:Lawrence, Massachusetts
413:
392:Equal Rights Amendment
388:National Woman's Party
346:Harriot Stanton Blatch
283:
252:
225:Uprising of the 20,000
1241:Kessler-Harris, Alice
906:"Rose Schneiderman".
455:Maud O'Farrell Swartz
408:
324:Franklin D. Roosevelt
262:
250:
150:Franklin D. Roosevelt
101:Maud O'Farrell Swartz
384:Nineteenth Amendment
369:Constitution of Ohio
365:Nineteenth Amendment
295:United States Senate
1584:American socialists
1162:"Rose Schneiderman"
1116:Brown, Roscoe C. E.
817:The Huffington Post
575:Schrom Dye, Nancy,
1599:Jewish suffragists
956:The New York Times
950:(March 23, 2011).
948:Greenhouse, Steven
926:The New York Times
910:. August 14, 1972.
584:2011-07-02 at the
532:Maine State Museum
503:The New York Times
462:The New York Times
253:
201:Harry Schneiderman
144:and served on the
136:of 1911, and as a
1534:Jewish socialists
1415:978-0-8129-0679-0
1364:978-0-8078-4511-0
1334:978-0-669-09031-4
1268:978-0-252-01343-0
1232:978-0-02-910470-5
1209:. Beaufort Books.
1152:978-0-7100-9479-7
1090:Bangor Daily News
1064:Bangor Daily News
1014:on March 25, 2012
578:Rose Schneiderman
519:US district court
322:and her husband,
320:Eleanor Roosevelt
114:Rose Schneiderman
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23:Rose Schneiderman
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417:Bread and Roses
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332:Albert Einstein
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189:Lower East Side
186:New York City's
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154:Bread and Roses
118:labor organizer
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1376:All for One
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1128:October 27,
1108:Works cited
1096:January 14,
987:October 27,
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761:All for One
746:All for One
725:Ballotpedia
707:All for One
660:Orleck 2009
633:October 27,
494:Paul LePage
450:, in 1967.
448:All for One
441:John Denver
433:Mimi Fariña
160:Early years
126:labor union
90:Labor union
1549:UNITE HERE
1508:Categories
730:2018-12-18
683:0585038139
648:Brown 1922
627:The Survey
556:References
490:Republican
138:suffragist
86:Occupation
44:1882-04-06
1498:Socialism
1462:Biography
1306:144829137
1298:1552-6771
561:Citations
492:governor
306:Socialist
286:in 1950.
281:movement.
1474:Feminism
1386:5548219M
1243:(1987).
1217:(1982).
1044:July 12,
1018:July 12,
893:42854618
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582:Archived
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377:New York
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122:feminist
78:New York
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538:Notes
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361:after
174:Chełm
170:Sawin
107:1937)
52:Sawin
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