714:) the name morphed over time due to a legend dating from the 18th century, involving the master mason in charge of the stonework in the chapel and his young apprentice mason. According to the legend, the master mason did not believe that the apprentice could perform the complicated task of carving the column without seeing the original which formed the inspiration for the design. The master mason travelled to see the original himself, but upon his return was enraged to find that the upstart apprentice had completed the column by himself. In a fit of jealous anger, the master mason took his mallet and struck the apprentice on the head, killing him. The legend concludes that as punishment for his crime, the master mason's face was carved into the opposite corner to forever gaze upon his apprentice's pillar.
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833:, a plant which was unknown in Europe at the time of the chapel's construction. In their book they discuss meeting with the wife of botanist Adrian Dyer, and that Dyer's wife told him that Dyer agreed that the image thought to be maize was accurate. In fact, Dyer found only one identifiable plant among the botanical carvings and suggested that the "maize" and "aloe" were stylised wooden patterns, only coincidentally looking like real plants.
1017:(in line south to north with the so-called Apprentice Pillar) represented the Fellow of Craft degree (middle pillar) and the Master Mason's degree (north pillar). This association of three pillars in the east part of Rosslyn Chapel with the three degrees of Scottish Freemasonry is impossible, given the fact that (according to Cooper) the third degree of Freemasonry was invented c.1720 - almost 300 years after Rosslyn Chapel was founded.
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configuration. The similarity between
Rosslyn Chapel and Glasgow's East Quire is well established. Andrew Kemp noted that 'the entire plan of this Chapel corresponds to a large extent with the choir of Glasgow Cathedral' as far back as 1877 in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries. Many alternative history writers are well aware of this but fail to mention it in their books.
591:
and the organ. A steel canopy was erected over the chapel roof for fourteen years. This was to prevent further rain damage to the church and also to give it a chance to dry out properly. Three human skeletons were found during the restoration. Major stonework repairs were completed by the end of 2011. The last major scaffolding was removed in August 2010.
590:
The
Rosslyn Chapel Trust was established in 1995, with the purpose of overseeing its conservation and its opening as a sightseeing destination. The chapel underwent an extensive programme of conservation between 1997 and 2013. This included work to the roof, the stone, the carvings, the stained glass
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imagery, such as the way that hands are placed in various figures. One carving may show a blindfolded man being led forward with a noose around his neck. The carving has been eroded by time and pollution and is difficult to make out clearly. The chapel was built in the 15th century, and the earliest
771:
Among
Rosslyn's many intricate carvings are a sequence of 213 cubes or "boxes" protruding from pillars and arches with a selection of patterns on them. It is unknown if these patterns have any particular meaning attached to them. Many people have attempted to find information coded into them, but no
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The chapel stands on fourteen pillars, which form an arcade of twelve pointed arches on three sides of the nave. At the east end, a fourteenth pillar between the penultimate pair form a three-pillared division between the nave and the Lady chapel. The three pillars at the east end of the chapel are
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As to a possible connection between the St. Clairs and the
Knights Templar, the family testified against the Templars when that Order was put on trial in Edinburgh in 1309. Historian Dr. Louise Yeoman, along with other medieval scholars, says the Knights Templar connection is false, and points out
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Cooper further debunks other claims of a connection between carvings within
Rosslyn Chapel and Scottish Freemasonry. The suggestion that the Apprentice Pillar is a physical reference to the Entered Apprentice degree of Scottish Freemasonry logically led to the conclusion that the other two pillars
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for all the faithful departed, including the deceased members of the
Sinclair family. During this period, the rich heritage of plainsong (a single melodic line) or polyphony (vocal harmony) were used to enrich the singing of the liturgy. Sinclair provided an endowment to pay for the support of the
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you will find a startling match: the four walls of both buildings fit precisely. The East Quire of
Glasgow is larger than Rosslyn, but the designs of these two medieval Scottish buildings are virtually identical. They both have the same number of windows and the same number of pillars in the same
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Rosslyn Chapel bears no more resemblance to
Solomon's or Herod's Temple than a house brick does to a paperback book. If you superimpose the floor plans of Rosslyn Chapel and either Solomon's or Herod's Temple, you will actually find that they are not even remotely similar. Writers admit that the
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A new visitor centre opened in July 2011. The chapel's stained-glass windows and organ were fully restored. New lighting and heating were installed. The expected cost of the restoration work is around £13 million, with about £3.7 million being spent on the
Visitor Centre. Funding has come from
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The pinnacles on the rooftop have been subject to interest during renovation work in 2010. Nesting jackdaws had made the pinnacles unstable and as such had to be dismantled brick by brick revealing the existence of a chamber specifically made by the stonemasons to harbour bees. The hive, now
841:
The chapel has been a burial place for several generations of the
Sinclairs; a crypt was once accessible from a descending stair at the rear of the chapel. This crypt has been sealed shut for many years, which may explain the recurrent legends that it is merely a front to a more extensive
1234:. In 1592, St. Clair, who had until then refused to destroy the altars, was summoned to appear before the Church of Scotland General Assembly and threatened with excommunication if the altars remained standing after 17 August 1592. On 31 August 1592, George Ramsay reported that
1106:, aired on 3 November 2003, Niven Sinclair hinted that the descendants of Jesus Christ existed within the Sinclair families. These alternative histories are relatively modern - not dating back before the early 1990s. The precursor to these Rosslyn theories is the 1982 book
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chapel is far smaller than either of the temples. They freely scale the plans up or down in an attempt to fit them together. What they actually find are no significant similarities at all. If you superimpose the floor plans of Rosslyn Chapel and the East Quire of
806:" in and around the chapel. Green Men are carvings of human faces with greenery all around them, often growing out of their mouths. They are found in all areas of the chapel, with one example in the Lady chapel, between the two middle altars of the east wall.
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In 1837, when the 2nd Earl of Rosslyn died, his wish was to be buried in the original vault. Exhaustive searches over the period of a week were made, but no entrance to the original vault was found and he was buried beside his wife in the Lady Chapel.
1230:, from burying the wife of Oliver St. Clair in the chapel. The same St. Clair had been repeatedly asked to destroy the chapel's altars because they were taken to represent "monuments of idolatry". St. Clair's tenants were forced to attend the
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references to Hiram Abiff in Masonic ritual, and in the process he debunks any similarities between the two. A minute comparison between the Rosslyn Myth and the Masonic allegory can be found in a detailed tabular form in The Rosslyn Hoax?
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Construction of the chapel began on 20 September 1456, although it has often been recorded as 1446. The confusion over the building date comes from the chapel's receiving its founding charter to build a collegiate chapel in 1446 from Rome.
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3rd Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin and 1st Earl of Caithness, claimed by novelists to be a hereditary Grand Master of the Scottish stonemasons, built Rosslyn Chapel. A later William Sinclair of Roslin became the first Grand Master of the
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The original plans for Rosslyn have never been found or recorded, so it is open to speculation whether or not the chapel was intended to be built in its current layout. Its architecture is considered to be among the finest in Scotland.
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records of freemasonic lodges date back only to the late 16th and early 17th centuries. A more likely explanation, however, is that the Masonic imagery was added at a later date. This may have taken place in the 1860s when
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was complicit in reinforcing opposition to women's suffrage. Between 1913 and 1914, 32 churches were attacked nationwide. In the weeks leading up to the attack, there were also bombings at
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website: "There has been so much nonsense published about Rosslyn Chapel over the last 15 years or so that it is now extremely difficult to know what is nonsense and what is accurate."
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becomes caught up in an old vendetta between two Scottish clans during a visit to Scotland, this mystery including the discovery of an ancient treasure trove hidden in Rosslyn.
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in which he actively debunks this type of speculation at length and in great detail. An example is the comparison of the Rosslyn myth of the Apprentice Pillar with that of the
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One recent attempt to make sense of the boxes has been to interpret them as a musical score. The motifs on the boxes somewhat resemble geometric patterns seen in the study of
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The chapel, built 150 years after the dissolution of the Knights Templar, supposedly has many Templar symbols, such as the "Two riders on a single horse" that appear on the
710:
One of the more notable architectural features of the chapel is the "Apprentice Pillar, or "Prentice Pillar". Originally called the "Prince's Pillar" (in the 1778 document
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977:(2006). Numerous books were published after 2003 to cater to the popular interest in supposed connections between Rosslyn Chapel, Freemasonry, the Templars and the
623:
In the financial year of 2013–14, Rosslyn Chapel recorded 144,823 visitors, the highest number since 2007–08, when (at the height of popular interest induced by
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interpretation has yet proven conclusive. Unfortunately, many of these 'boxes' are not original, having been replaced in the 19th century after erosion damage.
2697:"The Rosslyn Templar", a book about the pastel painting by R T McPherson in 1836 of a "Templar Knight at Roslin Chapel" with new photographs of the Chapel
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1651:"What really upsets me is that they know the Knights Templar connection is false, yet they still perpetuate the myth on their interpretation boards."
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of 1912–1914, in which suffragettes carried out a series of politically motivated bombing and arson attacks nationwide as part of their campaign for
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Photography and video have been forbidden in the chapel since 2008. The chapel sells commercially produced photos in its shop. In 2006, historian
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with the intention of countering the "nonsense published about Rosslyn Chapel over the last 15 years or so". Cooper in 2006 also published
524:. The chapel was rededicated on 22 April 1862, and from this time, Sunday services were once again held, now under the jurisdiction of the
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779:. The patterns are formed by placing powder upon a flat surface and vibrating the surface at different frequencies. By matching these
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stretching to a distance of 90 feet were recorded in the 19th century. Construction of the planned nave and transepts was abandoned.
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Robert L. D. Cooper, curator of the Grand Lodge of Scotland Museum and Library, in 2003 published a 12th edition of the 1892
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895:(1895–1969), Australian socialite and "it girl" in British high society during and after World War I, who was the mother of
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471:(with between four and six ordained canons and two boy choristers) in the mid-15th century. The chapel was founded by
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Forbes, Robert An Account of the Chapel of Roslin. (reprint ed. Cooper, Robert L. D., Grand Lodge of Scotland, 2000.
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named, from north to south: the Master Pillar, the Journeyman Pillar and, most famously, the Apprentice Pillar.
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Since the late 1980s, the chapel has been the subject of speculative theories concerning a connection with the
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The author Henning Klovekorn has proposed that the pillar is representative of one of the roots of the Nordic
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in 1560, Catholic worship in the chapel was brought to an end. The chapel's altars were destroyed in 1592.
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that Rosslyn Chapel was built by William Sinclair so that Mass could be said for the souls of his family.
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399:. Medieval historians say these accounts have no basis in fact. Rosslyn Chapel remains privately owned.
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663:, it was never completed. Only the choir was constructed, with the retro-chapel, otherwise called the
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Other carvings represent plants, including depictions of wheat, strawberries or lilies. The authors
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and the second (whose crumbling buttresses can still be seen today) in what is now Roslin Cemetery.
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516:, who expressed a desire that it should be preserved. Restoration work was carried out in 1862 by
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Woman's Effort: A Chronicle of British Women's Fifty Years' Struggle for Citizenship (1865-1914)
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with musical notes corresponding to the same frequencies, the father-and-son team of Thomas and
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744:. The general form of the pillar has been related to a type described by the French architect
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Secrets of the Code: The Unauthorized Guide to the Mysteries Behind the Da Vinci Code, p. 248
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of the Apprentice Pillar and the adjacent bay of the chapel was made in 1871, and is in the
370:. The interior contains some fine carvings which many historians have sought to interpret.
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725:: "Wine is strong, a king is stronger, women are stronger still, but truth conquers all" (
671:(Lower Chapel) believed to form part of an earlier castle. The foundations of the unbuilt
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attack on 11 July 1914, when a bomb exploded inside the building. This was as part of the
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8:
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and, subsequently, several other members of the Sinclair family have held this position.
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Alternative histories involving Rosslyn Chapel and the Sinclairs have been published by
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The chapel became the subject of speculation regarding its supposed connection with the
2638:, 1st ed. 1892 (12th edition, Robert L. D. Cooper (ed.), Masonic Publishing Co. 2003.
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have hypothesised that some carvings in the chapel represent ears of new world corn or
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2679:— an article on Rosslyn's Green Men, and an associated reading of its carvings, from
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Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries Uncovering Mysterious Sites, Symbols, and Societies
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Turnbull, Michael, 'Rosslyn Chapel Revealed' (Sutton Publishing Ltd., November 2007)
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562:. Churches were a particular target during the campaign, as it was believed that the
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2266:(1982), Born in Blood: The Lost Secrets of Freemasonry Hardcover John J. Robinson,
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Forte est vinum fortior est rex fortiores sunt mulieres super omnia vincit veritas
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366:, it was rededicated in 1862. It was the target of a bombing in 1914 during the
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Rex Deus: The True Mystery of Rennes-le-Château and the Dynasty of Jesus (2000)
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criticised the Rosslyn Chapel trust for "cashing in" on the popularity of
2623:. 1835 (reprint ed. Robert L. D. Cooper, Grand Lodge of Scotland. 2002.
2313:"Hollywood legend Tom Hanks makes donation to Rosslyn Chapel restoration"
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In 1842 the chapel, then in a ruined and overgrown state, was visited by
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The Illustrated Guide to Rosslyn Chapel and Castle, Hawthornden &c.
1919:
Dictionnaire Raisonné de l’Architecture Française du XIe au XVIe siècle
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978:
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beginning in the 1980s. This part of its history was referenced in the
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Rosslyn Chapel (Episcopal), formerly Collegiate Church of St Matthew,
2606:. (reprint ed. Cooper, Robert L. D., Grand Lodge of Scotland, 2000.
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that introduced the theory of the Jesus bloodline in relation to the
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803:
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627:), the number of visitors was close to 159,000. The current owner is
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2457:"Historian attacks Rosslyn Chapel for 'cashing in on Da Vinci Code'"
1654:"Historian attacks Rosslyn Chapel for 'cashing in on Da Vinci Code'"
1338:
The Abbey of S. Mary, Newbottle: a memorial of the royal visit, 1907
1087:. The books in particular by Tim Wallace-Murphy and Marilyn Hopkins
2688:
QuickTime Virtual Reality Image of Rosslyn Chapel by Jonathan Greet
2211:
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An interior view showing the Apprentice Pillar and ornate carvings.
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140:
1352:"Rosslyn Chapel papers available to the public for the first time"
1136:, who for a time adopted the name Pierre Plantard de Saint-Clair.
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has been analysed by Mark Oxbrow and Ian Robertson in their book,
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1914:
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248:
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1909:, Harrap (1948), p. 23, "On en voit un (pilier) composé de
1257:
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subterranean vault containing (variously) the mummified head of
1773:
Historical and descriptive account of Rosslyn Chapel and castle
957:
173:
2353:
Rosslyn Chapel Decoded: New Interpretations of a Gothic Enigma
2403:, 22 February 2006 video documentary. Written by Jesse Evans.
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It is also claimed that other carvings in the chapel reflect
830:
814:
668:
883:(1690–1761) Lord Provost of Edinburgh, outside to north-east
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in 1560, it was largely abandoned but, following a visit by
1226:
In 1590, the Presbytery forbade George Ramsay, Minister of
1028:
The claim that the layout of Rosslyn Chapel echoes that of
871:
abandoned, has been sent to local bee keepers to identify.
672:
2677:
Rosslyn Chapel's extraordinary carvings explained at last
2343:. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing (2005), Ashley Cowie.
2282:. Frontier Publishing/Adventures Unlimited Press (2002).
2268:
Born in Blood: The Lost Secrets of Freemasonry Hardcover
1594:
1592:
1590:
1374:"Rosslyn Chapel: Knights Templars and the Da Vinci Code"
577:
1472:
The Suffragette Bombers: Britain's Forgotten Terrorists
467:
and was founded on a small hill above Roslin Glen as a
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1682:"Scaffolding coming down helps visitor numbers go up"
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Custodians of the Truth: The Continuance of Rex Deus
1959:"Japanese bid to solve mystery of the Rosslyn cubes"
1722:
1143:
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throughout the day and night, and also to celebrate
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2196:
Donaldson's Guide to Rosslyn Chapel published 1862.
2145:
The Head of God – The Lost Treasure of the Templars
1788:
Rosslyn: Guardians of the Secrets of the Holy Grail
1688:(Press release). Rosslyn Chapel Trust. 7 April 2014
1417:"Suffragette bombings – City of London Corporation"
358:with a ground-breaking ceremony in 1456. After the
2369:
2052:
935:
301:including vaults, burial ground and boundary hills
2236:"Remarkable journey of Margaret Sheila Mackellar"
1192:List of Category A listed buildings in Midlothian
813:Carvings, which some believe depict Indian corn (
2703:
1093:Custodians of Truth: The Continuance of Rex Deus
2063:
2034:"Celebrating the 'Green Men' of Rosslyn Chapel"
486:place of worship at Roslin, the first being in
2524:Wallace-Murphy, Tim; Hopkins, Marilyn (2005).
2158:Rosslyn: Guardian of Secrets of the Holy Grail
1354:. Historic Environment Scotland. 28 March 2022
1308:
1079:and Tim Wallace-Murphy arguing links with the
963:The topic entered mainstream pop culture with
493:Sinclair founded the college to celebrate the
385:. It was prominently featured in this role in
2367:
925:Anthony St Clair-Erskine, 6th Earl of Rosslyn
897:Anthony St Clair-Erskine, 6th Earl of Rosslyn
682:The Lower Chapel (also known as the crypt or
2233:
1913:en spirale dans l'église de Sainte-Croix de
1569:"Rosslyn Chapel remains reburied in grounds"
1236:the altars of Roslene were haille demolishit
858:, or the original crown jewels of Scotland.
721:joining the pillar there is an inscription,
2650:Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn
1061:James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn
913:James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn
908:James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn
629:Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn
2620:Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn
2363:
2361:
1315:. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 9.
1309:Klimczuk, Stephen; Warner, Gerald (2009).
29:
2752:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Midlothian
2722:Category A listed buildings in Midlothian
2712:15th-century church buildings in Scotland
1132:hoax - the main protagonist of which was
659:Although the original building was to be
603:and the environmental body, WREN. Actor
2120:
1979:
1600:"Rosslyn Chapel's resurrection revealed"
1498:"An Examination of Suffragette Violence"
1398:
1095:(2005) have focused on the hypothetical
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401:
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2351:(2006), Alan Butler and John Ritchie,
2339:e.g.: Mark Oxbrow and Ian Robertson,
2156:Wallace-Murphy, Tim; Hopkins, Marilyn,
2121:Turnbull, Michael TRB (6 August 2009).
1956:
1871:Black's Picturesque Tourist of Scotland
1786:Wallace-Murphy, Tim; Hopkins, Marilyn.
1495:
1335:
1099:with the Sinclairs and Rosslyn Chapel.
902:William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness
787:produced a tune which Stuart calls the
473:William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness
356:William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness
2762:Episcopal church buildings in Scotland
2704:
2347:(2009), Alan Butler and John Ritchie,
2183:Ralls-MacLeod, Karen; Robertson, Ian,
2091:
2089:
1982:Rosslyn Chapel: The Music of the Cubes
1728:
1445:"Suffragettes, violence and militancy"
556:suffragette bombing and arson campaign
546:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
502:priests and choristers in perpetuity.
368:suffragette bombing and arson campaign
354:, Scotland. The chapel was founded by
53:
2064:Oxbrow, Mark; Robertson, Ian (2005).
1859:(1997) by the Earl of Rosslyn, p. 27.
1807:
1776:. Oliver & Boyd. 1827. p. 4.
1743:
1439:
1437:
973:(2003), reinforced by the subsequent
930:
802:There are more than 110 carvings of "
578:Restoration, conservation and tourism
2446:, Lewis Masonic 2006, pp. 146–7
2433:, Lewis Masonic 2006, pp. 173–4
2349:Rosslyn Revealed, A Library in Stone
1468:
1281:
1279:
697:
690:that lie underneath Rosslyn Chapel.
522:James Alexander, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn
2747:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
2390:
2207:"Rosslyn Chapel was haven for bees"
2086:
1853:An Account of the Chapel of Rosslyn
1002:Illustrated Guide to Rosslyn Chapel
865:
13:
2604:An Account of the Chapel of Roslin
2581:
2280:The Stone Puzzle of Rosslyn Chapel
2227:
1957:Gardner, Claire (8 January 2009).
1878:
1434:
712:An Account of the Chapel of Roslin
686:) should not be confused with the
340:Collegiate Chapel of Saint Matthew
14:
2778:
2660:
2562:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
2263:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
1340:. G. Lewis & Co. p. 153.
1276:
1109:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail
346:chapel located in the village of
2234:Walker, Ruth (1 February 2014).
1932:"Casts in Focus: Rosslyn Chapel"
1851:Dr Forbes, Bishop of Caithness,
1608:. 12 August 2010. Archived from
1160:
1146:
1083:and the supposed descendants of
550:The chapel was the subject of a
458:
52:
45:
2737:Collegiate churches in Scotland
2717:1446 establishments in Scotland
2667:Official Rosslyn Chapel website
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1998:
1973:
1950:
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1874:. Adam Black. 1859. p. 93.
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1780:
1764:
1737:
1700:
1674:
1645:
1624:
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1405:. B. H. Blackwell. p. 317.
1063:instructed Edinburgh architect
936:Templar and Masonic connections
889:(d.1842) outside, to north-east
634:
539:
1790:, Element Books, 1999, p. 8,
1733:. Silver, Burdett. p. 66.
1409:
1399:Metcalfe, Agnes Edith (1917).
1392:
1366:
1344:
1336:Carrick, John Charles (1908).
1329:
1302:
1251:
1220:
1202:Sinclair & Girnigoe Castle
482:. Rosslyn Chapel is the third
406:Floor plan of Rosslyn Chapel:
18:Church in Midlothian, Scotland
1:
2488:United Grand Lodge of England
2486:page from the website of the
2006:"Tune into the Da Vinci coda"
1886:The 99 Degrees of Freemasonry
1502:The English Historical Review
1475:. Pen and Sword. p. 65.
1259:Historic Environment Scotland
1245:
2185:The Quest for the Celtic Key
1814:. Wicker World. p. 35.
1750:. Wicker World. p. 89.
981:generated by Brown's novel.
919:Lady Angela St Clair-Erskine
667:, built on the much earlier
620:, against better knowledge.
465:Saint Matthew the Evangelist
7:
2742:Listed churches in Scotland
2656:Rosslyn Chapel Trust, 1997.
2397:National Geographic Channel
2292:Batman: Scottish Connection
1139:
954:Batman: Scottish Connection
921:, daughter of the 4th Earl.
766:
463:The chapel is dedicated to
35:Rosslyn Chapel, August 2014
10:
2783:
2270:(1989), Michael Baigent
2172:The Origins of Freemasonry
1263:"Rosslyn Chapel (LB13028)"
874:
761:Victoria and Albert Museum
748:as a "bunch of sausages."
595:various sources including
543:
453:
2564:. London: Jonathan Cape.
2103:. Fair Winds Press, 2001
1980:Mitchell, Thomas (2006).
1421:Google Arts & Culture
1116:in the United States) by
526:Scottish Episcopal Church
329:
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153:Scottish Episcopal Church
146:
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108:
74:
40:
28:
23:
2272:The Temple and the Lodge
1731:The World and Its People
1213:
1104:Jesus, Mary and Da Vinci
836:
338:, formerly known as the
270:The Revd Dr Joe Roulston
2757:Freemasonry in Scotland
2617:Hay, Richard Augustin,
2591:. Lewis Masonic. 2006.
2418:Grand Lodge of Scotland
1729:Dunton, Larkin (1896).
1632:"Rosslyn Chapel - FAQs"
1496:Bearman, C. J. (2005).
1102:On the ABC documentary
995:Grand Lodge of Scotland
798:Green Man of the chapel
729:, chapters 3 & 4).
535:Interior of the chapel.
66:Shown within Midlothian
2732:Churches in Midlothian
2368:Burstein, Dan (2004).
1808:Cowie, Ashley (2006).
1744:Cowie, Ashley (2006).
1710:. RosslynChapel.org.uk
1708:"About Rosslyn Chapel"
1232:Lasswade Parish Church
1114:Holy Blood, Holy Grail
1048:
1025:
818:
799:
707:
648:
607:also made a donation.
587:
536:
450:
2587:Cooper, Robert L. D.
2500:"The St Clair Family"
2341:Rosslyn and The Grail
2095:Knight, Christopher;
2070:Mainstream Publishing
2066:Rosslyn and the Grail
1686:www.rosslynchapel.com
1071:Alternative histories
1038:
1034:Rosslyn and the Grail
1023:
975:film of the same name
887:Sir William Alexander
812:
797:
746:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
706:The Apprentice Pillar
705:
642:
597:Heritage Lottery Fund
586:The chapel, ca. 1693.
585:
534:
405:
389:'s bestselling novel
159:Previous denomination
2672:Congregation website
2528:. Red Wheel/Weiser.
2504:rosslynchapel.org.uk
1984:. Diversions Books.
1888:. Cornerstone, 2007
1884:Klovekorn, Henning.
1548:rosslynchapel.org.uk
1469:Webb, Simon (2014).
986:Knights Templar Seal
956:, in which the hero
915:(in the Lady Chapel)
507:Scottish Reformation
495:Liturgy of the Hours
397:2006 film adaptation
360:Scottish Reformation
342:, is a 15th-century
223:Heritage designation
93:55.85528°N 3.16028°W
2727:Chapels in Scotland
2442:Robert L D Cooper,
2429:Robert L D Cooper,
2345:The Rosslyn Templar
1938:. 20 September 2017
1917:," Viollet-le-Duc,
1154:Christianity portal
736:tree, prominent in
572:St Paul's Cathedral
89: /
1961:. Rosslyn Templars
1811:The Rosslyn Matrix
1747:The Rosslyn Matrix
1612:on 23 October 2014
1575:. 16 November 2015
1573:heraldscotland.com
1544:"The Chapel Today"
1514:10.1093/ehr/cei119
1380:. 14 November 2020
1197:Sinclair (surname)
1026:
931:In popular culture
827:Christopher Knight
819:
800:
708:
649:
588:
537:
451:
314:Reference no.
98:55.85528; -3.16028
2589:The Rosslyn Hoax?
2444:The Rosslyn Hoax?
2431:The Rosslyn Hoax?
2321:. 6 February 2010
1855:, 1774; cited in
1482:978-1-78340-064-5
1187:Earl of Caithness
1043:Glasgow Cathedral
970:The Da Vinci Code
881:William Alexander
698:Apprentice pillar
625:The Da Vinci Code
617:The Da Vinci Code
601:Historic Scotland
568:Westminster Abbey
564:Church of England
469:collegiate church
434:Apprentice pillar
392:The Da Vinci Code
333:
332:
238:20 September 1456
215:Functional status
110:OS grid reference
2774:
2634:Thompson, John,
2576:
2575:
2550:Baigent, Michael
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266:Priest in charge
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2602:Forbes, Robert
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2215:. 30 March 2010
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2014:. 26 April 2006
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1112:(retitled
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952:storyline
848:Holy Grail
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552:terrorist
387:Dan Brown
344:Episcopal
254:Edinburgh
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2560:(1982).
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852:treasure
777:cymatics
767:Carvings
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645:keystone
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