Rouen Cathedral - Knowledge

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with the exception of the Chasse de Saint-Roman, but in the 19th century, a new collection was assembled, acquired from monasteries, churches and private collections. Notable objects include the Châsse de Saint Roman, a miniature cathedral made of gilded copper, with figures of Christ and the Apostles (late 13th century); the Châsse de Notre Dame, a mini-cathedral of gilded bronze and enamel, devoted to the Virgin Mary (19th century); A 15th-century monstrance, an elaborate miniature tower embracing a crystal cylinder used to hold the host during the

2795: 1408: 1444: 1432: 2158: 1420: 1124: 1112: 1324: 2812: 1925: 1288: 1769: 1300: 695:, The first major project of the period was a new tower to match the old Saint-Romaine tower, built almost three centuries earlier. Work on the tower had begun in 1488, under master builder Guillaume Pontifs, but under Cardinal d'Amboise in 1496 the project was taken over 1496 by Jacques Le Roux, who had a more ambitious plan with Renaissance touches. The Pope authorised Cardinal d'Amboise to grant dispensations to consume milk and butter during 793: 1100: 5139: 1664: 5151: 718: 737:, and hundreds of sculpted figures were added to the arch and niches of the portals. To stabilise the new facade, he added two massive buttresses, also richly decorated with sculpture. In addition to his changes to the Cathedral, the Cardinal and his architect reconstructed and decorated the Palace of the Archbishop close by, adding a new reception hall, galleries, gardens and fountains. 1855:, which had previously been part of the 18th-century altar screen, as well as two kneeling angels, made by Caffieri in 1766, and previously in the Church of Saint-Vincent de Rouen, which was destroyed in 1944. The Choir also received modern screens by 20th-century artist Raymond Subes, a new episcopal throne, and a modern communion table and pulpit made of cast iron and gilded copper.[ 2095:, the principal patron of the Gothic cathedral, and his nephew and successor, Cardinal Georges II d'Amboise. It is placed against the south wall. The nephew, Georges II, moved the statue of his uncle to the side of the tomb and placed his own in the central position. The baldaquin or upper portion of the tomb is lavishly decorated with sculpture of the Apostles, in pairs, separated by 1967:. The original tomb of Rollo was destroyed during the bombing of 1944, and was replaced by a copy of the tomb of Henry the Young King made in the 19th century. The remains of Rollo and his son William Longsword were transferred from the first cathedral to the Romanesque cathedral in 1063, shortly after it was built, then to the Gothic cathedral when it was completed. 2184:. There are five bays with windows of early glass found in the collateral chapels of the north nave. The early windows are composed of series of medallions arranged in rows. Each medallion is made of small pieces of thick glass, deeply colored, particularly in reds and blues, bound together like mosaics with thin strips of lead. 2302:

in the south collateral chapels and reinstalled into new windows in the Chapel Saint-Jean, Chapel Saint-Severus, the Chapel of the Saint-Sacrament, and the Chapel of Saint-Pierre-and-Saint-Paul. The window in Bay 53 of the Chapel of Saint-Joseph-de-la-nef shows some of the craftsmen planning and building Rouen cathedral.

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foundation of the old cathedral, and is composed of a sanctuary and a curving ambulatory with three small chapels, with vaults supported by two rows of columns. The original floor was made of a pattern of light stone and black marble. There is a well located in the ambulatory, beneath the axis of the apse above.

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the 17th and 18th centuries. The Chapel of Sainte-Catherine is distinguished by its highly ornate lambris with painted panels of the life of Saint Brice. The bombardment of the Catedral in 1944 destroyed the other five chapels on the south side of the nave; only the Chapel of Sainte-Catherine survived intact.

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tower were built in the 13th century. The original Gothic spire was destroyed by fire in 1514, and rebuilt in 1544 in wood and lead by the master builder Robert Becquet. The next builder, Rouland Le Roux, consolidated the first two levels of the lantern tower and added flamboyant decoration and sculpture.

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front. The ground level has no windows, and contains the Baptistry. Above is a tall vaulted space with are four levels of bays, topped by a very ornate belfry. This contains the bourdon or largest Cathedral bell, named Joan of Arc, which weighs 9.5 tons. It also houses the sixty-four smaller bells of the

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The dominant feature of the Chevet, or east end of the Cathedral beyond the choir, is the chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which extends well east of the choir and apse. It has very high buttresses, topped by pinnacles containing statues, and high lancet windows topped by gables, which are topped

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The "Belles Verrieres" are a group of windows located in the collateral chapels on the north side of nave and in the transept, containing some of the earliest stained glass in the cathedral. They are composed of early 13th century glass that was moved in the 15th century from its original locations

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Eighteen small chapels are placed between the buttresses on the north and south sides of the nave. They are filled with art, sculpture and stained glass given by wealthy donors and the guilds of the city. Some of the chapels are very plain, while others are adorned with paintings and sculptures from

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Two portals, on the north and the south, heavily decorated, give access to the transept at the meeting point between the nave and the choir. On the north is the portail des librairies, and to the south the portail de la Calende. The north portal is similar in its plan to the north transept portal of

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In the 13th century four smaller towers, or tourelles, with spires, were added atop the buttresses that were built to support the west front, two on either side of the central portal below. In the 14th century, to enrich the decoration even further, three gables were attached to the west front below

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style. It received its popular name because donors to the tower were given dispensation to consume butter and milk during Lent. The dense decoration of the tower emphasises its height; tall pointed niches for sculpture, buttresses decorated with tracery, pinnacles, gables and arches. At the top, the

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The Cathedral has a number of modern windows created in the 1950s to replace windows which were destroyed in the bombardments of the Second World War. They resemble, in their colors and the density of their imagery, the earlier medieval and Renaissance windows. One example is found in the Chapel of

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The collateral chapels on the north side of the nave have some of the oldest existing windows. Some of these windows were funded by the guilds of craftsmen, and depict them at their work. Unusually, some of the windows, such as the Window of saint Joseph, are signed by the glass artist; the band in

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At the east end of the cathedral is the Chapel of the Virgin, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was constructed by master builder Jean Davi beginning in 1302, when the veneration of the Virgin began to play a larger role in Christian theology, and replaced a more modest earlier chapel. Following the

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The Choir is the section of the cathedral at the east which was reserved for the clergy, and in the Middle Ages was separated from the nave by an elaborate screen. It was constructed slightly later than the nave, in the middle of the 13th century, and the style is more unified than in the nave. The

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The front of the south transept and the portal of La Calende are even more packed with sculpture and decoration. The scenes in the tympanum over the portal illustrate the life of Christ, while the contreforts on either side of the portals contain niches filled with angels and prophets The quadrille

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The west front of the Cathedral, with its three portals, is the traditional entrance to the Cathedral. The portals are aligned with the three aisles of the nave. The west front was first built in the 12th century, entirely redone in the 13th century, and then totally redone again at the end of the

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Other major 16th-century works are two windows of the Saint-Romain chapel, the south part of the nave next to the transept. These are based on the work of the Rouen painter Arnoult de Nimegue or his followers. They depict scenes from the life of the archbishop Romaine, best known in Rouen legends

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The windows of the 16th century most fully display the influence of the Renaissance, with greater realism and closer resemblance to paintings. A good example is the window in the Chapel of Saint-Joseph, in the south transept. While it is full of activity and detail, it lacks some of the depth and

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Flying buttresses along the north and south sides of the cathedral reach up over the roof of the side aisles to support the upper walls of the nave. The space between the buttresses on the lower level is filled with lateral chapels. Because of the support of the buttresses, the upper walls of the

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A central lantern tower over the transept is a tradition of Gothic architecture in Normandy. The lantern tower with its flèche, or spire is placed over the transept, almost in the centre of the cathedral, and is 151 meters high, the tallest of the three towers. The first two levels of the lantern

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At the beginning of World War II in 1939, remembering the damage caused to French cathedrals in World War I, the Cathedral authorities protected the sculpture of the cathedral with sandbags and removed the old stained glass and transported it to sites far from the city. Nonetheless, in the weeks

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A complete reconstruction of the cathedral was begun by his successor, Gautier the Magnificent. In 1185 he demolished the Romanesque nave and began building the western end of the sanctuary. He had completed the west front and first traverses when the work was interrupted by a major fire on Easter

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The treasury of the Cathedral was originally in the Sacristy, and then was moved to its own tower on the Alban Courtyard, on the north side of the cathedral. It was twice pillaged; first by the Protestants in 1562, then during the French Revolution in 1791. Most of the original objects were lost,

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After the fire of 1200, the master builder Jean d'Andeli began to revise the plans, following the design used in High Gothic cathedrals, which had only three levels. He made a compromise; he preserved the tribunes but he installed a narrow coursiere or passageway atop the arches of the tribune,

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The Saint-Romain tower, on the left facing the west front, was begun in 1145 as part of the original Gothic cathedral. The top of the tower, more decorative, was added in the 15th century. Like the Butter tower on the right side, it is separated from and slightly behind the main block of the west

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and enamel paints baked on the glass to add greater detail and realism to the images. The windows looked less like mosaics, and increasingly resembled paintings, with the use of perspective and shading to suggest three dimensions. Fourteenth-century windows often depicted the subjects, usually

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The transept is unusually large and brightly lit thanks to the large rose windows on the north and south and the large windows below them in the triforium of each transept. Overhead, the interior of the lantern tower is visible. The walls of the inside of the north and south facades are richly

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The 11th-century crypt of the original Romanesque cathedral is located underneath the choir of the Gothic cathedral. It is accessed through the Chapel of Saint Joan of Arc on the south side of the Choir. It was excavated between 1931 and 1934, and opened to visitors in 1956. It was within the

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The cathedral had an organ since the 1380s. A larger new organ was constructed beginning in 1488, and placed at the beginning of the nave, on the inside of the west front under the rose window. This organ was damaged in the hurricane of 1683, but was put back into service. Prominent organists

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decorated with tracery, composed of pointed stone arches and sculpture in niches and in the small quadrille panels of the south transept. In the northwest corner is a stairway from 1471 which gave access to the cathedral library. It was updated with Neo-Gothic landings in the 18th century.

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Following World War II, a major restoration effort began to repair war damage by the Service of Historic Monuments, concluding in 1956. Then a new campaign began to consolidate the structure and to restore the statuary of the west front, including putting back four statues that had been moved

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The first architectural addition to the new church was a series of small chapels between the buttresses on the north and south sides of the nave, requested by the city's prominent religious brotherhoods and corporations. In 1280 the surrounding spaces and buildings were modified to permit the

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from 1588 until 1634, and Jacques Boyvin from 1674 until 1706. A smaller organ had been installed in the choir in 1517, in the center of the Choir screen, removed during the Renaissance. New organs were built by Merklin & Schütze (1858–60) and, after World War II, by Jacquot-Lavergne.

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The main, or central portal, was originally dedicated to St. Romain in the 12th century, but was rededicated to the Virgin Mary when the facade was remade on a grander scale at the beginning of the 14th century. The central sculptural element of the tympanum, or arch over the portal, is a

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eve in 1200, which destroyed a large part of the town and seriously damaged the unfinished church and its furnishings. Gautier quickly repaired the damage and resumed the work, which was directed by his master mason, Jean d'Andeli. The nave was sufficiently complete by 1204 for King

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style of the 13th century, with three levels. The pillars of the arcade are circular, crowned with capitals decorated with stylised foliage and crochets. Above the arcade is the triforium, or enclosed gallery, and above that the high windows, which form a half-circle.

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As the new tower was being built, the west front of the Cathedral showed weaknesses and began to tilt. Cardinal d'Amboise ordered its complete reconstruction. This was carried out by master builder Rouilland Le Roux, nephew of Jacques Le Roux, in a lavishly ornate

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style of the 14th century, the windows fill the entire upper portion of the walls, while the lower walls are covered with elaborate tracery and sculpture. Traces of gilding and pigment on the walls show that the chapel was originally brightly colored.

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The collateral aisles at Rouen are fourteen metres high compared with twenty-eight metres high vault in the nave. The high clerestory windows of the central nave look out over the roofs of the collateral aisles, and bring more light to the interior.

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The other monumental tomb in the chapel is that of Louis and Pierre de Brézé, made between 1536 and 1541 in a purely Renaissance style. Louis, who died in 1531, was the grandson of Pierre, and was Senechal and Governor of Normandy. His wife was

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which wound around the pillars. He then made the arches of the tribune wider and taller, allowing more light from the windows of the collateral aisles to enter the nave. These modifications were possible thanks to another new technology, the

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The rose window of the north portal is the only large rose window to survive in its original form. It was made by Guillaume Nouel at the end of the 14th century, and depicts Christ surrounded by the evangelists, bishops, kings and martyrs.

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Prior to the re-opening of the Cathedral in 1956, the choir, damaged by the bombing during the war, was given a substantial renewal. This included a new high altar topped by an 18th-century Rococo statue of Christ made of gilded made by

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and are filled with an array of fantastic animals. Scenes of the Last Judgement fill the space over the tympanum. At the very top, over the rose window, is another gable filled with sculpture of the crowning of the Virgin Mary.

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ceremony; and the Ostentoire of Two Crowns (1777), a similar vessel for the host, decorated with a gilded crown and rays of light. The treasury also displays some of the elaborate ceremonial costumes worn by the Archbishops.

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The center of the Choir was substantially refurbished before the 1956 re-opening to repair damage suffered during the war. The high altar was added, topped by an 18th-century Rococo statue of Christ made of gilded lead made by

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with one of iron and copper, finished in 1882. He surrounded the new spire with four smaller spirelets, made of copper. One of these fell during a hurricane in 1999, going through the roof and damaging the choir stalls below.

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The towering buttresses on either side of the central portal were installed in the 14th century to strengthen the west front, and were covered with galleries of sculpture to merge them into the rest of the decoration.

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denounced it as "the dream of a metal-worker in a delirium." The new spire, 151 meters (495 feet) tall, was not finally completed until 1882. For a short time, from 1876 to 1880, the spire made Rouen Cathedral

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The central feature of the chapel is an enormous altar, made in the 17th century, framing a painting of the Virgin surrounded by carved and sculptural decoration. The chapel also contains the tomb of Cardinal

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each of the tourelles. The gables were filled with sculpture; over the north portal, statues of the first archbishops, apostles and saints, and on the south, kings and prophets from the Old Testament.

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The portals on either side of the central portal followed the same format, with sculpture in the tympanum vividly illustrating Biblical stories. The central portal, facing the building, is dedicated to

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Beginning in 1985, excavations were carried out beneath the church and its surroundings, which uncovered vestiges of the earlier Paleochristian buildings and foundations of the Carolingian cathedral.

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Normandy, its Gothic architecture and history: as illustrated by twenty-five photographs from buildings in Rouen, Caen, Mantes, Bayeaux, and Falaise, Frederic George Stephens, A. W. Bennett, 1865.

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hit the building, narrowly missing a key pillar of the lantern tower, and damaging much of the south aisle and destroying two windows. In June 1944, a few days before D-Day, bombs dropped by the

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construction of portals on the north and south transepts. The next addition was a response to the growing role of the Virgin Mary in church doctrine; the small axial chapel at the east end of the

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In 1514 the flèche, or spire of the cathedral, a lead-covered wooden spire over the lantern tower, fell. It was replaced within a few months in exactly the same form and with the same materials.

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The Choir stalls were put in place between 1457 and 1470 by the master woodworker Philipott Viart. A majority of the original seats are still in place, along with the carved decorations, called

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On 11 July 2024, the central spire of the cathedral caught fire during renovation works. The fire was brought under control the same day by a team of some 70 firefighters and 40 fire engines.

2526: 766:: in 1562 the Calvinists attacked the furniture, tombs, stained-glass windows and statuary. The cathedral was again struck by lightning in 1625 and 1642, then damaged by a hurricane in 1683. 2554:. There are sixty-four in the Saint-Romain Tower and six in the Butter Tower. Together they are the heaviest "peal" or group of bells in France, with a combined weight of thirty-six tons. 2042: 2404: 2641: 1839:

beginning of the choir is marked by the retable of the main altar, and the throne of the Archbishop. Beyond that to the east are the stalls where the members of the clergy were seated.

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St. Leonard, Bay 50. Other striking examples are the three Joan of Arc windows in the Chapel of Joan-of-Arc in the South transept, bays 22, 24 and 26. These were made in 1955–56.

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saints and bishops, in architectural settings, surrounded and crowned by elaborate canopies and arches, to match the architecture of the cathedral. They also made greater use of

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In 1905, under the new law separating church and state, the Cathedral became the property of the French government, which then granted to the Catholic Church its exclusive use.

2439: 1897:, illustrating scenes from the Bible, as well as proverbs, fables and craftsmen at work. Unfortunately, the upper portions of the stalls were destroyed during the Revolution. 2325: 1718: 4974: 1878: 1501: 2629: 2361: 1276:, which was restored in 2016. It is the second-largest carillon in France. The roof of the tower is decorated with sculptures of four small suns, made of gilded lead. 1248: 699:, in exchange for contributions to the tower. The new tower soon took on the nickname of the Butter Tower, though the money collected paid only a portion of the cost. 691:(1494-1510) had a major influence on the church architecture. He incorporated into the Gothic design new Renaissance features, as he had done in his own residence, the 4477: 2478: 2777: 2427: 652:

The project for a cathedral in the new Gothic style was first launched by the Archbishop of Rouen, Hugues of Amiens, who had attended the consecration in 1144 of the

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The nave is the portion of the cathedral where the churchgoers are seated, extending from the west front to the transept and choir. It is covered with four-part

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A considerable portion of the original stained glass from the 13th century is still in place. It dates from about the same time as the early windows of

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nave are able to be entirely filled with windows. The edges of the roofs of the aisles and nave are both decorated with balustrades and pinnacles.

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elsewhere. In 2016, the project was finished and the scaffolding which had covered much of the cathedral for a half-century was finally removed.

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Window of Saint Joseph, Bay 9. (13th c.) The glass is signed by the artist on the band in front of the Saint: "Clement- glassmaker of Chartres"

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The windows of the 14th century began to look considerably different than the earlier windows. Glass artists had begun using techniques of

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The remains of four Dukes of Normandy are placed in the simple tombs with their images on either side of the choir. These are the tombs of

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Smaller chapels, accessed by the disambulatory, are fit between the buttresses north and south of the Virgin Mary Chapel. In addition, the

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was replaced by a much larger chapel dedicated to her, begun in 1302. The west front was also given new decoration between 1370 and 1450.

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to be received there to celebrate the annexation of Normandy to the Kingdom of France. By 1207 the main altar was in place in the choir.

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and Biblical kings. The top of the tomb is ornamented with sculpted candelabra and tempietti. or miniature classical temples.

1866: 1443: 874:, a copper-clad wooden turret, which weighed 26 tons, broke free from the tower and fell partly into the church, damaging the 5000: 4979: 4943: 4687: 4580: 4498: 4441: 4223: 4175: 2962:), one of Richard's ancestors, the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. 2811: 1706: 807:

proposed to replace it with a new spire made of cast iron. The idea of an iron spire was highly controversial; the novelist

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of the cathedral and constructed several courtyards and buildings around the church, including a palace for the archbishop.

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with statues. Above all these is the 'Golden Virgin", a gilded statue of The Virgin Mary made by Nicolas Quesnel in 1541.

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Another fire in 1822 destroyed the lead and wood spire, which was then replaced, after much controversy, by the architect

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In 1822 lightning started a fire that destroyed the wood and lead Renaissance spire of the central tower. The architect

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in honor of the Cardinal, was completed in 1501. It cracked in 1786 and was melted down during the French Revolution.

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showing the same scene at different times of the day and in different weather conditions. Two paintings are in the

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Die Kathedrale Notre-Dame in Rouen – Untersuchungen zur Architektur der Normandie in früh- und hochgotischer Zeit

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Plan of the cathedral (west front and nave to left, transept, choir and apse and Virgin Mary Chapel to right)

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Beginning in 1468 a highly ornamental new top, made of iron and covered with stone tiles, in the late Gothic

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Flying buttresses on the north side reach over the roof of the aisle to support the upper walls of the nave

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in Normandy, the cathedral was hit twice by Allied bombs. In April 1944, seven bombs dropped by the British

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Detail of "Holy Saints at the Tomb" by Guillaume Barbe, Bay 53 Chapel of Saint-Jean-de-la-Nef (15th c.)

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The west front as it may have appeared in the 12th century, according to Jean-Baptiste Foucher in 1906.

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Craftsmen planning and building Rouen Cathedral, Chapel of Saint-Jean-de-la-Nef (13th c.) (Bay 53)

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Window of Saint-Julien-L'Hospitalier, depicting fish-merchants, the sponsor of the window (Bay 23)

515: 3505: 2732: 763: 653: 621: 3381: 2895: 153: 100: 4156: 1018:- Gothic spire called "La Grêle" on the bell tower burns and is quickly rebuilt in same style 1389: 1299: 804: 633: 614: 171: 4205: 3430: 3409: 692: 3067: 3062: 3052: 3042: 2928: 2092: 1956: 1952: 1931: 1347: 875: 852:

set fire to the Saint-Romain tower. The bells melted, leaving molten remains on the floor.

688: 531: 299: 4076:"Restaurées à Annecy, les cloches de la cathédrale seront de retour à Rouen, après Pâques" 2947:. Richard's effigy is on top of the tomb, and his name is inscribed in Latin on the side. 2463:

richness of color given by the thick, densely-coloured glass of the 13th-century windows.

2225:

Detail of the Window of the Passion; a butcher, sponsors of the window, at work (13th c.)

1396:

On 11 July 2024, the main spire caught fire, though it was quickly brought under control.

8: 3366: 3089: 3056: 3032: 3026: 2900: 2756: 1645:

The Chevet, or east end of the cathedral, topped with a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary.

1550: 1152: 849: 661: 503: 499: 479: 470: 237: 232: 225: 207: 49: 4235: 2768: 1099: 5143: 4054: 3386: 3016: 2177: 2108: 580: 158: 2201:

Window of the Passion, disambulatory, Bay 10 (13th c.) (multiple-click to see details)

1798:

15th-century stairway to the medieval library, in the northwest corner of the transept

4287: 4219: 4190: 4171: 4141: 3609: 3460: 3426: 3080:, a French cardinal, Archbishop of Rouen, and a member of the House of Croy (d. 1844) 2994: 2181: 2104: 1948: 1570:

Details of the medallions around the portal- Book of Genesis and fantastic creatures

1062: 1040: 817: 770: 606: 572: 382: 723:

Rouen and the Cathedral in 1525, from the "Livre des Fontaines" by Jacques Le Lieur.

2932: 2882: 2871: 2736: 2547: 2163: 1960: 1164: 1076:- High winds cause a copper and wood turret to fall through the vaults of the choir 808: 778: 316: 184: 3541:

bibliotheca regia Dacherius Spicilegii T. II. Coll. Concil. Labb. Tom XI. p. 1438.

1989: 1012:- Restoration of west front begins, with addition of lavish late Gothic decoration 3020: 1842:

The elevation of the Choir is different from that of the nave, being more in the

1738: 1613: 1160: 845: 774: 587: 464: 105: 58: 3045:

for the throne of England. He is remembered in Rouen as he was last heard of in

1507:

Sculpted medallions in the embrasures of the Portail des Librairies (north side)

3006: 2614: 1964: 871: 576: 323: 244: 178: 5170: 5155: 3010: 2720: 2213:

Scene from the Window of the Passion- the Last Supper (Bay 10, 13th century)

1168: 1140: 495: 416: 403: 4295: 4170:(in French). Paris: Editions du Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Nationaux. 3483: 832:

Saint Romaine tower on June 1, 1944, hit by an Allied bomb just before D-Day

3046: 3029:, medieval Anglo-Norman bishop of Lincoln and archbishop of Rouen (d. 1207) 2910: 2740: 2724: 2508:

Detail of window in Chapel of Saint-Léonard - a modern angel (20th century)

2373: 1959:, Duke of Normandy and King of England (died 1199); his body was buried at 527: 507: 165: 2520:

Detail of Chapel of Saint-Joan-of-Arc window, south transept 20th century)

1343:

square plan of the tower becomes an octagon, with an ornate stone crown.

3606:

The Pantropheon or a History of Food and its Preparation in Ancient Times

2970: 2915: 2913:

sets a key scene in the development of the protagonist Claude Wheeler of

2861: 2744: 2112: 2033: 1843: 1338:

The Butter Tower was constructed between 1488 and 1506, in a late Gothic

919: 610: 591: 519: 4207:

Description historique de l'Église métropolitaine de Notre-Dame de Rouen

2496:

Detail of window in Chapel of Saint-Léonard - Noah's ark (20th century)

2272:

Window of Saint-Julien l'Hospitalier, Bay 23, ambulatory (13th century)

1894: 1885: 1339: 1183:

Details of the sculpture in the Voussures over the Portal of Notre-Dame

909: 730: 676: 625: 620:

In the 1020s, the archbishop Robert began to rebuild the church in the

511: 311: 2343:

Detail of Pentecost window, Bay 36, South transept (mid-14th century)

1833:

The High Altar, with 18th-century statue of Christ and kneeling angels

1055:- The spire is replaced by a new version made of cast iron and copper 19:

This article is about the cathedral. For Monet's painting series, see

2984: 2974: 2666: 2378: 1730: 1330: 899: 560: 146: 4161:(in French). Rouen: Publication Univ Rouen Havre. GGKEY:LL4QAG84R2F. 2771:

in Paris. The estimated value of one painting is over $ 40 million.

940:- On Easter Day, a fire causes major damage to interior of cathedral 762:

In the late 16th century the cathedral was badly damaged during the

682: 5138: 4240: 4047:"ROUEN : restauration du Carillon de la Cathédrale Notre-Dame" 2752: 1630: 1273: 629: 564: 487: 476: 338: 126: 91: 3451: 2764: 2532:

Joan of Arc window, Bay 26, Chapel of Saint-Joan-of-Arc (20th c.)

2398:

Rose window of the portal of libraries, north transept (15th c.)

2115:, who was active during this period as a sculptor to Henri II. 2020:

Altar and retable in Chapel of Saint-Etienne-de-la-Grande- Eglise

2005: 1852: 861: 734: 294: 3049:

in 1203, aged sixteen. His fate and place of burial are unknown.

2885:

was inspired by the stained glass windows of St. Julian and the

5093:

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris

4245: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2890: 2886: 2551: 2096: 1944: 1633:

and the Revestiaire are attached to the south side of chevet.

1156: 711:

Cardinal Georges d'Amboise following Louis XII of France (1503)

595: 491: 2977:

in the 16th century but there remains a commemorative plaque.

3825: 3823: 3821: 3154: 2951: 2909:, a novel based on an intensive examination of the building. 2255:

front of the Saint reads: "Clement, glassmaker of Chartres".

1940: 1915: 1594:

The tympanum of the Portal of La Calende - the life of Christ

1144: 841: 602: 483: 279: 268: 116: 87: 4000: 3998: 3710:"Rouen cathedral spire catches fire during renovation works" 2719:

The most famous paintings of the cathedral were done by the

2457:

Archbishop Saint-Romain of Rouen slays the Gargoyle (Bay 28)

2249:

Saint Severus,Chapel of Saint Severus, Bay 51 (13th century)

934:- Reconstruction in Gothic style of Saint Roman tower begins 559:

Christianity was established in Rouen in about 260 by Saint

3786:"The vanity bell of the Tour de Beurre, at Rouen Cathedral" 2767:; one is in the Rouen fine art museum; and five are in the 1061:- Cathedral damaged by Allied aerial bombing in advance of 696: 669: 568: 539: 535: 4094: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3973: 3971: 3922: 3920: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3890: 3888: 3873: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3766: 3692: 3690: 3677: 3675: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 5088:

Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of Paris

3995: 3736:"Rouen cathedral's spire catches fire during renovations" 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3404: 3402: 2467:

for ridding the city of a monster called "The Gargoyle".

1484:

The buttresses and decoration of the roofline of the nave

3357:

List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

2864:, who selected it as an example of good architecture in 1681:

The interior, looking from west to east toward the choir

1135:

14th century, each time become more lavishly decorated.

613:

cathedral in 915 and buried there in 933. His grandson,

575:, the son of the Frankish statesman and military leader 4106: 4082: 4027: 4010: 3983: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3917: 3900: 3885: 3861: 3803: 3687: 3672: 3649: 3622: 3563: 2410:

Detail of the rose of the portal of libraries (15th c.)

2048:

Altar and antependium of the Chapel of Sainte-Catherine

3544: 3399: 2708: 1762:

Interior wall of the north transept, with rose window

3514: 3092:, a French Cardinal and Archbishop of Rouen (d. 1976) 2419: 733:

style. It was covered with layers of lacelike stone

3754: 2927:

The Cathedral houses a tomb containing the heart of

1399: 988:- Completion of upper level of the Tour Saint-Romain 2258: 2166:, kneeling by the corpse of husband, Louis de Brézé 1992:(1777) in the Chapel Sainte-Marguerite (south side) 1774:

the interior of the lantern tower over the transept

1367:

The spire and clochetons, seen from the Rouen Opera

1070:- Completion of restoration of World War II damage 777:the cathedral and transformed it for a time into a 571:was built at the same site. In 755, the archbishop 5083:Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Sainte-Croix-de-Paris 3608:. Wisbech, Cambs.: Paddington Press. p. 172. 3496:Encyclopædia Britannica on-line, "Rouen Cathedral" 3478: 3476: 2081: 3843:"Rouen: Spire of famous French cathedral on fire" 2973:'s trial. His original tomb was destroyed by the 2965:The cathedral contained the black marble tomb of 2860:Other painters inspired by the building included 2433:16th-century window in the Chapel of Saint-Joseph 2331:Detail of Bay 32, in the South Transept (14th c.) 1900: 1786:Interior of the south transept, with rose window 1043:briefly turns Cathedral into a "Temple of Reason" 1033:-A hurricane causes major damage to the cathedral 683:16th century – The Transition and the Renaissance 5168: 2470: 2060:Retable in Chapel of Saint Peter and Saint Paul 2008:(1777) in the Chapel Saint-Nicolas (north side) 798:The cathedral in 1822 with the Renaissance spire 4130:Congrès archéologique de France, LXXXIX (Rouen) 4128:Aubert, Marcel (1926). "Rouen, la cathédrale", 3473: 2699:The crypt, with fragments of Romanesque columns 1612:medallions around of the portal illustrate the 1413:Sculpture and tourelles on the northwest front 1049:- A fire destroys the fragile Renaissance spire 679:style was added to the tower of Saint-Romaine. 598:raids seriously damaged the cathedral complex. 594:in 769. However, beginning in 841, a series of 4154: 3455:. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. 4325: 4311: 1686: 1266:Capital of a column of the Saint-Romain tower 624:style, beginning with a new choir, crypt and 2969:, one of the English commanders who oversaw 2546:The cathedral has seventy bells made by the 2484:Chapel of St. Leonard, Bay 50 (20th century) 2445:Detail of the Chapel of Saint-Joseph window 2305: 2036:in the Chapel of Sainte-Catherine (17th c.) 46: 2072:Retable in the Chapelle des Fonts (17th c.) 1821:The Choir, with the altar in the foreground 1543:Column-statue of Saint Romain in the portal 1425:Archbishops and apostles on the west front 1219:Sculpture of Apostles on the North Buttress 4318: 4304: 4246:Rouen Seine valley Tourist Board's website 4189:(in French). Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot. 2032:Painted wood panels depicting the life of 1955:(died 1183); and a tomb with the heart of 1353: 1024:-Cathedral pillaged by Protestants in the 40:Primatial Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Rouen 5217:Burned buildings and structures in France 4540:Diocese of Grenoble–Vienne-les-Allobroges 4165: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4033: 4021: 3989: 3977: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3911: 3894: 3879: 3867: 3829: 3812: 3772: 3696: 3681: 3666: 3643: 3578: 3557: 3520: 2384: 1888:on a choir stall, showing a money-changer 5207:Burial sites of the House of Plantagenet 2987:, a Norman Archbishop of Rouen (d. 1067) 2950:The Cathedral also contains the tomb of 2788:(National Gallery of Art, Washington DC) 2647:Detail of The Châsse des Saints-Pontiffs 2635:The Châsse des Saints-Pontiffs (19th c.) 1606:Detail of the voussures and the buttress 1449:An angel musician on the northwest front 1167:. The portal to the right is devoted to 827: 643: 4203: 2571:The grand organ, inside the west front 2187: 1700:The nave, looking toward the west front 1519:The Portail des Librairies (north side) 639: 636:after his conquest of England in 1066. 5197:Burial sites of the House of Lancaster 5169: 4204:Gilbert, Antoine Pierre Marie (1816). 4135: 4004: 3078:Gustave Maximilien Juste de Croÿ-Solre 1147:, or fortune-tellers, and patriarchs. 364:Tallest in the world from 1876 to 1880 5202:Burial sites of the House of Normandy 4406:Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar and Oloron 4299: 4236:Les Cloches de la Cathédrale de Rouen 4184: 3760: 3603: 2729:a series of paintings of the building 1970: 1582:South transept - Portal of La Calende 1228: 976:- Work begins on Chapel of the Virgin 5058:Diocese of Saint-Denis de La Réunion 3433:, Ministère français de la Culture. 1458: 1195:Detail of the portal of St. Stephen 1129:Tympanum of the portal of Notre-Dame 743: 5187:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France 4155:Carment-Lanfry, Anne-Marie (2010). 4140:(in French). Paris: La Martinière. 3362:French Gothic stained glass windows 3352:List of Gothic Cathedrals in Europe 2709:The Cathedral in art and literature 2127:Tomb of the two Cardinals d'Amboise 1918:, first Duke of Normandy (died 930) 1346:A bell for the Butter Tower, named 1207:Detail of the Portal of Saint John 1117:The portals and sculpture galleries 773:, the new revolutionary government 473:Notre-Dame de l'Assomption de Rouen 52:Notre-Dame de l'Assomption de Rouen 13: 4719:Diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes 3484:"Rouen Cathedral – French Moments" 2967:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford 2420:Renaissance windows (16th century) 1437:An apostle on the northwest front 1006:- Construction of the Butter Tower 994:- Library of the Chapter completed 982:- Rose window on west facade begun 928:- Romanesque cathedral consecrated 170:1 October 1063 in the presence of 14: 5228: 4229: 4158:La Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen 3410:"Rouen Cathedral – Rouen, France" 3263:height of vaults of second aisle 3003:(also known as William Longsword) 2151:Tomb of Louis and Pierre de Brézé 1556: 1493: 1400:Tourelles and sculpture galleries 902:recorded as first bishop of Rouen 554: 524:series of impressionist paintings 5192:Former world's tallest buildings 5182:Roman Catholic churches in Rouen 5149: 5137: 4668:Diocese of Évry-Corbeil-Essonnes 2843: 2827: 2810: 2793: 2776: 2692: 2680: 2659:The Capa Magna of the Archbishop 2652: 2640: 2628: 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2525: 2513: 2501: 2489: 2477: 2450: 2438: 2426: 2403: 2391: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2324: 2312: 2289: 2277: 2265: 2242: 2230: 2218: 2206: 2194: 2171: 2156: 2144: 2132: 2120: 2065: 2053: 2041: 2025: 2013: 1997: 1977: 1947:and the first Duke of Normandy; 1923: 1907: 1877: 1865: 1826: 1814: 1791: 1779: 1767: 1755: 1717: 1705: 1693: 1674: 1662: 1638: 1599: 1587: 1575: 1563: 1536: 1524: 1512: 1500: 1477: 1465: 1442: 1430: 1418: 1406: 1372: 1360: 1322: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1259: 1247: 1235: 1212: 1200: 1188: 1176: 1122: 1110: 1098: 922:attends the Cathedral for Easter 791: 750: 716: 704: 68: 4122: 4068: 4039: 3835: 3778: 3728: 3702: 3597: 3584: 3253:height of vaults of main aisle 3073:Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet 2867:The Seven Lamps of Architecture 2367:Bay 44, Chapel of St. Catherine 2319:Saint Ansbert, (Bay 5 -14th c.) 2107:, who was the mistress of King 2082:Apse – The Chapel of the Virgin 1951:, the son of Rollo (died 942); 1858: 1279: 952:- Work underway on axial chapel 881: 823: 784: 5063:Military Ordinariate of France 4627:Diocese of Carcassone-Narbonne 4576:Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence 4355:Diocese of Belfort–Montbéliard 4218:. Rhema-Verlag, Münster 2003, 4214:Heinzelmann, Dorothee (2003). 3535: 3526: 3499: 3490: 3439: 3420: 3342:Gothic cathedrals and churches 2801:Rouen Cathedral, Full Sunlight 2715:Rouen Cathedral (Monet series) 2557: 1901:Tombs of the Dukes of Normandy 1000:- Porch of Libraries completed 769:In 1796, in the course of the 617:, further enlarged it in 950. 586:The cathedral was enlarged by 1: 5212:1876 establishments in France 4975:Archdiocese of Fort-de-France 4336:Bishops' Conference of France 4267:St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg 4210:(in French). Rouen: J. Frère. 3392: 3096: 2595:Sculpture on the grand organ 2583:Decoration of the grand organ 2471:Modern windows (20th century) 1293:Sculpture on the Butter Tower 1254:Top of the Saint-Romain tower 1091: 964:- chapels of nave constructed 544:tallest building in the world 373:St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg 5027:Diocese of Wallis and Futuna 4923:Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes 4187:Dictionnaire des Cathédrales 3447:"Emporis building ID 125188" 3326:interior length of transept 3316:exterior length of transept 3145:height of southern crossing 3135:height of northern crossing 3013:and then archbishop of Rouen 2997:and mother of Duke William I 814:the world's tallest building 7: 3414:www.sacred-destinations.com 3335: 3001:William I, Duke of Normandy 2761:Williamstown, Massachusetts 2687:The crypt of the Cathedral 2621: 1748: 1650: 1086: 970:- Portals of transept begun 958:- Gothic cathedral complete 889: 208:Classée Monument Historique 10: 5233: 5177:Churches completed in 1876 5114:Apostolic Nuncio to France 4622:Archdiocese of Montpellier 4432:Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay 4168:Cathédral Notre-Dame Rouen 4136:Brisac, Catherine (1994). 3510:University of Pennsylvania 3347:French Gothic architecture 3084:Pierre Petit de Julleville 3039:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany 3009:(d. 1164), first abbot of 2922: 2712: 2004:Statue of Saint Cecile by 1872:The choir stalls (15th c.) 1724:The south collateral aisle 1687:Nave and collateral aisles 816:, until the completion of 549: 29:Church in Normandy, France 18: 16:Cathedral in Rouen, France 5132: 5119:France–Holy See relations 5101: 5071: 5048:Archdiocese of Strasbourg 5040: 5014: 4993: 4967: 4931: 4880: 4839: 4783: 4737: 4701: 4650: 4642:Diocese of Perpignan–Elne 4614: 4563: 4512: 4486: 4450: 4419: 4383: 4342: 4333: 4327:Catholic Church in France 4284: 4274:World's tallest structure 4271: 4263: 4258: 3465:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3372:Church of St. Ouen, Rouen 3211:height of crossing tower 2749:National Museum of Serbia 2306:14th–15th century windows 2139:The Chapel of the Virgin 1620: 1026:European wars of religion 605:became first Duke of the 518:. It also has a place in 454: 450: 445: 437: 432: 393: 388: 378: 368: 363: 358: 354: 347: 337: 332: 322: 310: 305: 293: 288: 277: 266: 261: 253: 243: 231: 221: 213: 203: 195: 190: 177: 164: 152: 142: 137: 111: 99: 80: 76: 67: 44: 39: 34: 4596:Diocese of Fréjus–Toulon 4571:Archdiocese of Marseille 4545:Diocese of Saint-Étienne 4166:Lescroart, Yves (2019). 3377:List of tallest churches 3222:width of western façade 2763:; one is in a museum of 2673: 2607:Cherub on the organ pipe 2541: 1807: 609:and was baptised in the 579:, established the first 516:Renaissance architecture 441:151 m (495 ft) 45: 5041:Directly under Holy See 4888:Archdiocese of Toulouse 4826:Diocese of Saint-Brieuc 4709:Archdiocese of Poitiers 4615:Province of Montpellier 4525:Archdiocese of Chambéry 4427:Archdiocese of Clermont 4401:Diocese of Aire and Dax 4391:Archdiocese of Bordeaux 4365:Diocese of Saint-Claude 4350:Archdiocese of Besançon 4185:Lours, Mathieu (2018). 3604:Soyer, Alexis (1977) . 3273:width of central aisle 2980:Other burials include: 2893:, and based two of his 2733:National Gallery of Art 1930:Tomb with the heart of 1655: 1354:Lantern tower and spire 1317:Top of the Butter Tower 1163:; and the beheading of 1082:- Spire damaged by fire 764:French Wars of Religion 654:Basilica of Saint-Denis 590:in 650, and visited by 5144:Catholicism portal 5001:Archdiocese of Papeete 4980:Diocese of Basse-Terre 4968:Province of Martinique 4944:Archdiocese of Bourges 4688:Diocese of Saint-Denis 4581:Archdiocese of Avignon 4499:Archdiocese of Cambrai 4442:Diocese of Saint-Flour 3592:La cathédrale de Rouen 3159:total height of spire 3041:, a rival claimant to 2818:La Cathédrale de Rouen 2385:Rose windows (15th c.) 2259:The "Belles Verrieres" 1531:Portail des Librairies 833: 649: 468: 47: 5075:for Eastern Catholics 5022:Archdiocese of Nouméa 4791:Archdiocese of Rennes 4693:Diocese of Versailles 4601:Diocese of Gap-Embrun 4564:Province of Marseille 4535:Diocese of Belley–Ars 3790:Normandy Then and Now 3590:A.M. Carment-Lanfry, 3431:Cathédrale Notre-Dame 3059:, but predeceased him 2929:Richard the Lionheart 2878:Special Collections. 2784:West Facade, Sunlight 1957:Richard the Lionheart 1932:Richard the Lionheart 1712:Elevation of the nave 1390:Jean-Antoine Alavoine 946:- Main altar in place 912:builds first basilica 831: 805:Jean-Antoine Alavoine 757:The cathedral in 1664 647: 634:William the Conqueror 615:Richard I of Normandy 172:William the Conqueror 5109:Cathedrals in France 5032:Diocese of Port-Vila 4939:Archdiocese of Tours 4908:Diocese of Montauban 4881:Province of Toulouse 4857:Diocese of Coutances 4847:Archdiocese of Rouen 4745:Archdiocese of Reims 4714:Diocese of Angoulême 4702:Province of Poitiers 4658:Archdiocese of Paris 4494:Archdiocese of Lille 4458:Archdiocese of Dijon 4420:Province of Clermont 4411:Diocese of Périgueux 4384:Province of Bordeaux 4370:Diocese of Saint-Dié 4343:Province of Besançon 3508:, November 2, 2018, 3382:André Bizette-Lindet 3053:Henry the Young King 2188:13th-century windows 1953:Henry the Young King 687:Cardinal-Archbishop 640:The Gothic cathedral 532:architecture history 522:as the subject of a 204:Heritage designation 4994:Province of Papeete 4954:Diocese of Chartres 4898:Archdiocese of Auch 4893:Archdiocese of Albi 4867:Diocese of Le Havre 4770:Diocese of Soissons 4755:Diocese of Beauvais 4683:Diocese of Pontoise 4678:Diocese of Nanterre 4520:Archdiocese of Lyon 4463:Archdiocese of Sens 3486:. 26 November 2012. 3367:Gothic architecture 3292:tower Saint-Romain 3090:Joseph-Marie Martin 3057:Henry II of England 3033:William FitzEmpress 3027:Walter de Coutances 3019:(also known as the 2901:Joris-Karl Huysmans 2835:Cathedral at Sunset 2757:Clark Art Institute 1551:Notre-Dame-de-Paris 1333:on the Butter Tower 1153:John the Evangelist 1059:April and June 1944 908:- Bishop and Saint 850:U.S. Army Air Force 662:Philip II of France 504:Primate of Normandy 500:Archbishop of Rouen 413: / 389:General information 328:Fr.Christophe Potel 5015:Province of Noumea 5006:Diocese of Taiohae 4985:Diocese of Cayenne 4959:Diocese of Orléans 4913:Diocese of Pamiers 4821:Diocese of Quimper 4806:Diocese of Le Mans 4784:Province of Rennes 4765:Diocese of Langres 4760:Diocese of Châlons 4724:Diocese of Limoges 4663:Diocese of Créteil 4586:Diocese of Ajaccio 4555:Diocese of Viviers 4550:Diocese of Valence 4437:Diocese of Moulins 4007:, p. 184-185. 3387:Treaty of Louviers 3306:width of transept 3017:Matilda of England 2919:in the cathedral. 2178:Chartres Cathedral 2109:Henri II of France 1971:Collateral Chapels 1242:Saint-Romain tower 1229:Saint-Romain Tower 834: 693:Château de Gaillon 650: 601:The Viking leader 417:49.4402°N 1.0950°E 222:Architectural type 159:Assumption of Mary 84:3 rue Saint-Romain 5164: 5163: 5156:France portal 4932:Province of Tours 4903:Diocese of Cahors 4862:Diocese of Évreux 4852:Diocese of Bayeux 4840:Province of Rouen 4831:Diocese of Vannes 4816:Diocese of Nantes 4796:Diocese of Angers 4775:Diocese of Troyes 4750:Diocese of Amiens 4738:Province of Reims 4651:Province of Paris 4530:Diocese of Annecy 4487:Province of Lille 4478:Mission de France 4473:Diocese of Nevers 4451:Province of Dijon 4375:Diocese of Verdun 4294: 4293: 4288:Cologne Cathedral 4285:Succeeded by 4282: 4224:978-3-930454-21-1 4177:978-2-7577-0698-5 3333: 3332: 3063:Georges d'Amboise 2995:Rollo of Normandy 2182:Bourges Cathedral 2105:Diane de Poitiers 2093:Georges d'Amboise 1986:Notre-Dame du Vœu 1949:William Longsword 1459:The Nave exterior 1379:Top of the Flèche 1348:Georges d'Amboise 1305:The Butter Tower 1063:Normandy Landings 1041:French Revolution 818:Cologne Cathedral 771:French Revolution 744:17th–18th century 689:Georges d'Amboise 628:, and then a new 607:Duchy of Normandy 458: 457: 383:Cologne Cathedral 196:Functional status 129:.cathedrale-rouen 5224: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5142: 5141: 4949:Diocese of Blois 4918:Diocese of Rodez 4811:Diocese of Luçon 4801:Diocese of Laval 4729:Diocese of Tulle 4673:Diocese of Meaux 4637:Diocese of Nîmes 4632:Diocese of Mende 4591:Diocese of Digne 4513:Province of Lyon 4504:Diocese of Arras 4468:Diocese of Autun 4360:Diocese of Nancy 4320: 4313: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4280: 4264:Preceded by 4256: 4255: 4241:Official Website 4211: 4200: 4196:978-27558-0765-3 4181: 4162: 4151: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4103:, p. 85-88. 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4053:. Archived from 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4008: 4002: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3915: 3909: 3898: 3892: 3883: 3882:, p. 28-29. 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3839: 3833: 3832:, p. 30-31. 3827: 3816: 3810: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3797: 3782: 3776: 3775:, p. 24-25. 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3685: 3679: 3670: 3664: 3647: 3641: 3620: 3619: 3601: 3595: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3561: 3555: 3542: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3464: 3456: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3406: 3169:weight of spire 3125:exterior length 3115:interior length 3101: 3100: 2933:Fontevraud Abbey 2883:Gustave Flaubert 2872:Roy Lichtenstein 2847: 2838:(Pushkin Museum) 2831: 2814: 2797: 2780: 2755:; one is at the 2747:; one is in the 2739:; one is in the 2737:Washington, D.C. 2696: 2684: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2604: 2592: 2580: 2568: 2548:Fonderie Paccard 2529: 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Séez 4835: 4779: 4733: 4697: 4646: 4610: 4606:Diocese of Nice 4559: 4508: 4482: 4446: 4415: 4396:Diocese of Agen 4379: 4338: 4329: 4324: 4290: 4279: 4277: 4269: 4232: 4197: 4178: 4148: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4060: 4058: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4028: 4020: 4011: 4003: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3918: 3910: 3901: 3893: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3795: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3714:The Irish Times 3708: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3650: 3642: 3623: 3616: 3602: 3598: 3589: 3585: 3577: 3564: 3556: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3506:Rouen Cathedral 3504: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3458: 3457: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3421: 3408: 3407: 3400: 3395: 3338: 3243:length of nave 3208:crossing tower 3099: 3068:Pierre de Brézé 3055:, heir to King 3021:Empress Matilda 2925: 2881:In literature, 2856: 2854: 2848: 2839: 2837: 2832: 2823: 2822:(Musée d'Orsay) 2821: 2815: 2806: 2805:(Musée d'Orsay) 2804: 2798: 2789: 2787: 2781: 2727:, who produced 2717: 2711: 2700: 2697: 2688: 2685: 2676: 2660: 2657: 2648: 2645: 2636: 2633: 2624: 2608: 2605: 2596: 2593: 2584: 2581: 2572: 2569: 2560: 2544: 2533: 2530: 2521: 2518: 2509: 2506: 2497: 2494: 2485: 2482: 2473: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2422: 2411: 2408: 2399: 2396: 2387: 2368: 2365: 2356: 2353: 2344: 2341: 2332: 2329: 2320: 2317: 2308: 2297: 2294: 2285: 2282: 2273: 2270: 2261: 2250: 2247: 2238: 2235: 2226: 2223: 2214: 2211: 2202: 2199: 2190: 2174: 2167: 2161: 2152: 2149: 2140: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2084: 2073: 2070: 2061: 2058: 2049: 2046: 2037: 2030: 2021: 2018: 2009: 2002: 1993: 1982: 1973: 1935: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1903: 1889: 1882: 1873: 1870: 1861: 1834: 1831: 1822: 1819: 1810: 1799: 1796: 1787: 1784: 1775: 1772: 1763: 1760: 1751: 1739:flying buttress 1725: 1722: 1713: 1710: 1701: 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4999: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4314: 4309: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4289: 4276: 4275: 4268: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4147:2-73-242117-0 4143: 4139: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4115:, p. 56. 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4091:, p. 81. 4090: 4085: 4077: 4071: 4057:on 2019-02-28 4056: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4036:, p. 75. 4035: 4030: 4024:, p. 77. 4023: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3992:, p. 71. 3991: 3986: 3980:, p. 55. 3979: 3974: 3972: 3965:, p. 78. 3964: 3959: 3953:, p. 59. 3952: 3947: 3941:, p. 79. 3940: 3935: 3929:, p. 53. 3928: 3923: 3921: 3914:, p. 47. 3913: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3897:, p. 33. 3896: 3891: 3889: 3881: 3876: 3870:, p. 23. 3869: 3864: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3815:, p. 49. 3814: 3809: 3807: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3757: 3741: 3737: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3699:, p. 83. 3698: 3693: 3691: 3684:, p. 17. 3683: 3678: 3676: 3669:, p. 30. 3668: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3646:, p. 94. 3645: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3615:0-448-22976-5 3611: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3587: 3581:, p. 13. 3580: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3538: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3468: 3462: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3398: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3281:tower Beurre 3280: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3190:choir height 3189: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3180:choir length 3179: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3011:Reading Abbey 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2906:La Cathédrale 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2852: 2851:Morning Light 2846: 2841: 2836: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2769:musée d'Orsay 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2721:Impressionist 2716: 2706: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2626: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2464: 2453: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2417: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2346: 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2292: 2287: 2280: 2275: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2245: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2221: 2216: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2172:Stained glass 2165: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2068: 2063: 2056: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1990:Félix Lecomte 1987: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1933: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1829: 1824: 1817: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1794: 1789: 1782: 1777: 1770: 1765: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1627: 1618: 1615: 1602: 1597: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1573: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1552: 1539: 1534: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1445: 1440: 1433: 1428: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1375: 1370: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1332: 1325: 1320: 1313: 1308: 1301: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1262: 1257: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1226: 1215: 1210: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169:Saint Stephen 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1141:Tree of Jesse 1136: 1125: 1120: 1113: 1108: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 917: 914: 911: 907: 904: 901: 897: 894: 893: 887: 879: 877: 873: 868: 865: 863: 857: 853: 851: 847: 843: 837: 830: 821: 819: 815: 810: 806: 794: 789: 788: 782: 780: 776: 772: 767: 765: 753: 748: 747: 741: 738: 736: 732: 719: 714: 707: 702: 701: 700: 698: 694: 690: 680: 678: 673: 671: 665: 663: 657: 655: 646: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 547: 545: 542:, it was the 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 478: 474: 472: 466: 462: 453: 449: 444: 440: 438:Antenna spire 436: 431: 426: 398: 396: 392: 387: 384: 381: 377: 374: 371: 367: 362: 359:Record height 357: 353: 346: 343:Lionel Coulon 342: 340: 336: 331: 327: 325: 321: 318: 315: 313: 309: 304: 301: 298: 296: 292: 287: 283: 281: 276: 272: 270: 265: 260: 256: 252: 248: 246: 242: 239: 236: 234: 230: 227: 224: 220: 216: 212: 209: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 167: 163: 160: 157: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 136: 132: 122: 114: 110: 107: 104: 102: 98: 93: 89: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 60: 53: 51: 43: 38: 33: 25: 23: 4272: 4251:Virtual tour 4215: 4206: 4186: 4167: 4157: 4137: 4129: 4123:Bibliography 4108: 4096: 4084: 4070: 4059:. Retrieved 4055:the original 4050: 4041: 4029: 3985: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3875: 3863: 3851:. Retrieved 3846: 3837: 3794:. Retrieved 3792:. 2018-06-23 3789: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744:. Retrieved 3739: 3730: 3718:. Retrieved 3713: 3704: 3605: 3599: 3591: 3586: 3560:, p. 9. 3537: 3528: 3523:, p. 7. 3516: 3501: 3492: 3450: 3441: 3427:Base Mérimée 3422: 3413: 3200:choir width 3047:Rouen Castle 2990: 2979: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2926: 2914: 2911:Willa Cather 2904: 2894: 2880: 2876:UCLA library 2865: 2859: 2850: 2834: 2817: 2800: 2783: 2741:Getty Center 2725:Claude Monet 2718: 2703: 2663: 2611: 2545: 2536: 2465: 2461: 2414: 2374:silver stain 2371: 2300: 2253: 2175: 2101: 2089: 2085: 2076: 1985: 1938: 1892: 1884:Detail of a 1859:Choir stalls 1849: 1841: 1837: 1802: 1743: 1735: 1728: 1628: 1624: 1610: 1547: 1488: 1453: 1395: 1387: 1383: 1345: 1337: 1280:Butter Tower 1270: 1223: 1149: 1137: 1133: 1080:11 July 2024 1079: 1073: 1067: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1036: 1030: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 985: 979: 973: 967: 961: 955: 949: 943: 937: 931: 925: 915: 905: 895: 885: 882:21st century 869: 866: 858: 854: 838: 835: 824:20th century 802: 785:19th century 775:nationalised 768: 761: 739: 727: 686: 674: 666: 658: 651: 619: 600: 585: 558: 528:Claude Monet 508:Early Gothic 494:. It is the 460: 459: 379:Surpassed by 191:Architecture 185:Saint Romain 101:Denomination 21: 5073:Ordinariate 4051:paccard.com 4005:Brisac 1994 3594:, AMR 1977. 3435:(in French) 3104:Dimensions 2971:Joan of Arc 2916:One of Ours 2896:Three Tales 2862:John Ruskin 2745:Los Angeles 2558:Grand Organ 2113:Jean Goujon 2034:Saint Brice 1934:(died 1199) 1895:misericords 1844:High Gothic 920:Charlemagne 611:Carolingian 592:Charlemagne 567:with three 520:art history 469:Cathédrale 420: / 395:Coordinates 369:Preceded by 339:Organist(s) 295:Archdiocese 166:Consecrated 119:.catholique 48:Cathédrale 5171:Categories 4138:Le Vitrail 4061:2016-04-14 3796:2022-11-14 3761:Lours 2018 3393:References 3097:Dimensions 2993:, wife of 2975:Calvinists 2887:bas-relief 2713:See also: 1886:misericord 1731:rib vaults 1340:Flamboyant 1092:West front 910:Victricius 731:Flamboyant 677:Flamboyant 626:ambulatory 622:Romanesque 512:Flamboyant 471:primatiale 446:References 405:49°26′25″N 312:Archbishop 278:Number of 267:Number of 214:Designated 154:Dedication 50:primatiale 4278:1876–1880 3303:transept 3118:136.86 m 3086:(d. 1947) 3043:King John 2985:Maurilius 2899:on them. 2667:Eucharist 2613:included 2379:grisaille 1331:gargoyles 1004:1485-1506 900:Mellonius 561:Mellonius 530:, and in 408:1°05′42″E 324:Priest(s) 254:Completed 147:Cathedral 5102:See also 4259:Records 3740:RTÉ News 3461:cite web 3336:See also 3329:53.65 m 3309:24.60 m 3276:11.30 m 3236:24.20 m 3225:61.60 m 3203:12.68 m 3183:34.30 m 3172:8 000 t 3153:central 2753:Belgrade 2622:Treasury 1914:Tomb of 1749:Transept 1651:Interior 1631:Sacristy 1274:carillon 1087:Exterior 898:- Saint 890:Timeline 630:transept 588:St. Ouen 565:basilica 534:as from 510:to late 488:Normandy 477:Catholic 92:Normandy 81:Location 3853:11 July 3746:11 July 3720:11 July 3452:Emporis 3295:height 3284:height 3219:façade 2923:Burials 2765:Cologne 2723:artist 2006:Clodion 1984:Statue 1853:Clodion 962:c. 1270 956:c. 1247 862:Clodion 840:before 735:tracery 581:Chapter 550:History 498:of the 475:) is a 138:History 112:Website 4222: 4193: 4174: 4144: 3612: 3177:choir 3162:151 m 3128:144 m 2960:Robert 2945:France 2941:Saumur 2937:Chinon 2903:wrote 2891:Salome 2870:, and 2853:, 1894 2820:, 1893 2803:, 1894 2786:, 1892 2552:Annecy 2097:Sibyls 1945:Viking 1621:Chevet 1157:Salome 1145:sibyls 906:c. 396 896:c. 260 596:Viking 492:France 480:church 465:French 433:Height 306:Clergy 280:spires 269:towers 238:Gothic 226:church 179:Relics 143:Status 95:France 86:76000 59:French 55: 4281:151 m 3319:57 m 3298:82 m 3287:75 m 3266:14 m 3256:28 m 3246:60 m 3230:nave 3214:51 m 3193:28 m 3155:spire 3148:28 m 3138:28 m 2991:Poppa 2952:Rollo 2935:near 2674:Crypt 2542:Bells 1965:Anjou 1941:Rollo 1916:Rollo 1808:Choir 1161:Herod 1068:1980s 876:choir 842:D-Day 603:Rollo 569:naves 484:Rouen 333:Laity 300:Rouen 233:Style 117:rouen 88:Rouen 4220:ISBN 4191:ISBN 4172:ISBN 4142:ISBN 3855:2024 3748:2024 3722:2024 3610:ISBN 3467:link 2939:and 2180:and 1943:, a 1656:Plan 1053:1884 1047:1822 1037:1796 1031:1683 1022:1562 1016:1514 1010:1508 998:1484 992:1479 986:1478 980:1370 974:1302 968:1280 950:1214 944:1207 938:1200 932:1145 926:1063 697:Lent 670:apse 573:Rémy 540:1880 536:1876 514:and 257:1880 249:1030 217:1862 181:held 131:.net 3847:Sky 2958:or 2889:of 2759:in 2751:in 2743:in 2735:in 2550:in 1988:by 1963:in 916:769 538:to 526:by 496:see 482:in 199:Yes 127:www 121:.fr 5173:: 4049:. 4012:^ 3997:^ 3970:^ 3919:^ 3902:^ 3887:^ 3845:. 3820:^ 3805:^ 3788:. 3738:. 3712:. 3689:^ 3674:^ 3651:^ 3624:^ 3565:^ 3546:^ 3475:^ 3463:}} 3459:{{ 3449:. 3429:: 3412:. 3401:^ 2943:, 918:- 878:. 820:. 546:. 502:, 490:, 486:, 467:: 90:, 4319:e 4312:t 4305:v 4199:. 4180:. 4150:. 4078:. 4064:. 3857:. 3799:. 3750:. 3724:. 3618:. 3469:) 3416:. 3023:) 2954:( 1039:- 463:( 284:2 273:2 61:) 57:( 26:.

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