Royal Commission on London Traffic

316: 1531: 637: 396: 22: 1235:) or planned would provide additional connections with many of the termini not already connected which would facilitate passengers' onward journeys into the central area. It considered that these new lines would mitigate many of the existing problems, but recommended that connections between north-south and east-west lines be provided and that connections between the suburban networks on the east and west sides of the central area be improved including by way of the Main Avenues proposed for the road and tram improvements. The only new deep-level line recommended was from 1517: 1195: 1773:

for nothing and exceptional facilities granted for the work". The cost of constructing a double line of tramways was reported by the London County Council to be £39,512 per mile for routes with power proved from overhead wires and £52,602 per mile for routes with power provided from conduit in the roadway. For tramways running in subways below streets, the cost of construction was estimated to be comparable to that of a cut and cover railway tunnel rising to as much as £1 million in specific locations.

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representatives of the multiple authorities. It, therefore, recommended that a new authority, a "Traffic Board", be established. The report recommended that the board partially replace the existing parliamentary process of scrutinising private bills for transport proposals in the Greater London area. The report's recommendation was that the board should have the powers for:

195:(a) as to measures which the commission deem most effectual for the improvement of the same by the development and inter-connexion of Railways and Tramways on, or below, the surface; by increasing the facilities for other forms of mechanical locomotion; by better provision for the organization and regulation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, or otherwise; 604:'s (LCC's) policy of refusing to allow the privately owned tramways operating outside the county's boundary to connect to and operate over its municipally owned system within. It also criticised the failure of the County to join its three separate systems together and to allow trams in the central areas of the City of London and the 1984:

to Marble Arch. In 1903, the company submitted a bill for an extension of its route from Marble Arch to Victoria, which was postponed during the commission's investigation and was resubmitted and approved in 1906. The line was never built. Benjamin Baker, who was a member of the Advisory Board, was a

1202:

The report noted that the commission considered that the purpose of railways was to bring passengers from the residential districts into the urban centre. A survey of traffic usage calculated the estimated total number of journeys for 1903 as 310,662,501 (27,364,209 from the west, 51,838,742 from the

391:

The Main Avenues would cross at Gray's Inn Road. Definitive routes were not proposed, but the report recognised that the scale of the projects would require them to be carried out as a complete exercise. The cost of both Main Avenues was estimated to be £30 million (equivalent to approximately

1772:

The advisory board's estimations of costs for underground railways were very approximate: "a million a mile" for cut and cover tunnels under busy roads or from "£250,000 to £300,000 per mile" for deep-level lines. The latter was only on the basis that "stations were few in number, the land obtained

1321:

Two of the commission's members issued their own reports; a third member issued an additional recommendation. Bartley felt that the main report did not go far enough in its recommendations and he wanted the full adoption of the advisory board's recommendation for the construction of a pair of grand

1254:

The other main recommendation was that construction of railways in London should continue to be funded by private enterprise, but that parliament should provide a favourable system of procedures to encourage bills to be promoted as easily as possible. The commission also recommended that parliament

586:

The report indicated that there were many other roads and junctions that required improvements including for main roads leading out of London. For the latter the report recommended that this should be a responsibility for the Traffic Board to report on when established. Although it did not make any

1214:

The commission set itself three questions with regard to the provision of railways: were additional railways needed in the London area and should they be deep-level, sub-surface or surface lines; were the existing suburban rail services sufficient and was special encouragement or assistance needed

1210:

The report noted that most suburban and long distance passengers arrived at the same termini and that government policy of prohibiting railways from entering central London meant that the many railway companies then in operation had developed a messy network of lines in the periphery to connect to

323:

The advisory board recommended construction of two "Main Avenues". These would be 140 feet (43 m) wide between buildings with four tram lines on the road and four railway lines in a sub-surface tunnel immediately beneath. Two of the tram lines and two of the railway lines would be for express

290:

The report examined the historic development of road, rail and tram transportation and the current condition. It made recommendations for improvements to roads within London's central area and arterial roads; for improvements in tramways including new routes and for improvements in railways of all

1305:

The report recommended that the Traffic Board should have a chairman and two to three other members. Because of the small number of members, the report considered nomination by the local authorities within the Greater London area to be inappropriate as not all would be represented. Therefore the

1263:

The report identified the need for a unified system for the "general control of measures affecting locomotion and transport in London", but considered it inappropriate for any of the existing authorities within the region to fulfil this role or for it to be established as a committee composed of

1255:

should avoid imposing additional financial burdens on the proposals, such as the cost of reconstructing roads and should allow railway companies to buy land around their proposed new extensions in order to benefit from the increase in land prices and to profit from the new services they provide.

1206:

Within the urban centre, trams and buses were considered to be the most convenient form of mass transport. The commission excluded railway goods traffic from its consideration noting only that the distribution of most retail goods within the centre on London was by road as the railways could not

306:

The report recommended that a comprehensive plan should be developed to improve road provision and routing to be carried out over the long term and that new roads should be constructed to standard widths depending on their importance and that existing main routes should be widened when possible.

204:, an area of 692.84 square miles (1,794.4 km) and a population of more than 6.5 million in 1901. In its report the commission described this as "Greater London" and the urban developed area at its centre as "the Metropolis". The area beyond the Metropolis was described as "Extra London". 619:

The advisory board recommended the construction of 23 new tramways to connect the separate systems and bring trams to unserved areas. It estimated that the cost of constructing double line tramways was four to five per cent of the cost of constructing a cut and cover line such as the

1322:

avenues. Dimsdale, rejected the main report's recommendation for tram routes in central London. Gibb's additional recommendation was that part of the route of the then under construction Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway should be merged with a planned route from the

41:

established in 1903 with a remit to review and report on how transport systems should be developed for London and the surrounding area. It produced a report in eight volumes published in 1905 and made recommendations on the character, administration and routing of traffic in London.

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types including their connections to one another. Recommendations were made as on road traffic regulations and the commission recommended the establishment of a Traffic Board to manage traffic developments in the Greater London area and carry out preliminary reviews of

1211:

one another. The report noted that the commission considered the way in which the termini had been located around the central area and the way that the railway companies' lines had been connected to one another were the main causes of deficiencies in the railways.

324:

services and service tunnels would be provided for utilities beneath the 23-foot (7.0 m) wide pavements. The Main Avenues would connect areas on the outskirts of the main urban area and tramways and railway lines would be connected to these at both ends:

611:

The report recommended that interconnection of the existing tramways be undertaken and recommended construction of many new routes in areas not served and that through running of services between different operators be allowed. The report recommended that

587:

recommendations on the subjects, the report noted that submissions made to the commission, included suggestions for "making roads in different directions out of London", "constructing a circular road about 75 miles in length at a radius of 12 miles from

1426:

Review and approval of all new railway lines or extensions to existing lines continued to be carried out by parliament. The three underground lines under construction at the time the commission sat opened in 1906 and 1907 and were owned, along with the

197:(b) as to the desirability of establishing some authority or tribunal to which all schemes of Railway or Tramway construction of a local character should be referred, and the powers which it could be advisable to confer on such a body. 1782:

Although included in the recommendations of the Advisory Board, the construction of the Route 3 tramway from Knightsbridge (Albert Gate) to Aldgate as a subway was considered too expensive to be practical, particularly as the

1250:

To improve east-west connections, the advisory board recommended connecting Hammersmith to the City of London via Kensington, Piccadilly and the Strand either by an underground railway or as a tramway (routes 2 and 3 above).

599:

The report identified that the existing tramway systems were fragmented and lacked connections. Compared to other British cities, Greater London's tramway systems were significantly under-developed. The report criticised the

894:

Route 11: Waterloo Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge – running from a junction with Route 10 at the north end of Waterloo Bridge via the Victoria Embankment to a junction with Routes 12 and 13 at the north end of Blackfriars

1369:

The extension of West Cromwell Road and widening of King Street, Hammersmith were dealt with in the 1960s by the construction of the new A4 road starting at West Cromwell Road, including widening of

1412: 1239:

northwards to alleviate what was expected to remain a problem for passengers travelling into the central area. The report recommended that a north-south line be provided from Victoria to

1186:

With the exception of Route 8 and the southern end of Route 1 and the northern parts of Routes 6 and 23 which crossed the county boundary, all of the routes were in the County of London.

1345:

Amongst the recommendations for road improvements, the new east-west and north-south Main Avenues were not constructed. A number of the proposed road improvements were carried out:

1754:

The report identified that the time taken to turn trams around at their termini reduced the potential capacity of the system by about 50% and caused substantial road congestion.

263:

An advisory board of three engineers was appointed to give the commission technical advice. The board consisted of Sir John Wolfe Barry (also a member of the commission), Sir

1159:

Route 22: Marylebone Road and Euston Road – running from a junction with Route 7 at Edgware Road via a proposed new road, Marylebone Road, Euston Road to a junction with the

1207:

compete due to convenience and cost. A desire was expressed that this was better organised to reduce its contribution on traffic congestion, but no solution was proposed.

1745:

The comparison was made on an inhabitant per mile basis. Greater London had 33,661 inhabitants per mile compared to Manchester with 8,937 and Glasgow with 14,216.

1656:

The report noted that average road speeds in quiet periods were 8 miles per hour (13 km/h) which reduced to 4.5 miles per hour (7.2 km/h) at busy times.

1290:

With regards to the construction of new transport systems, the report considered that the Traffic Board might function in a similar supervisory capacity to the

1152:

Route 21: Victoria Street, Westminster – running from a junction with Route 5 at the north end of Vauxhall Bridge Road via Victoria Street, Broad Sanctuary and

319:

Sketch from the report showing a cross section through one of the proposed Main Avenues with trams and road traffic on the surface and railway lines beneath

2811: 545:. The viaduct would start in the centre of the bridge and run to just south of Holborn Viaduct to relieve congestion at the north end of the bridge and at 1800:

The cost of constructing the Route 16 tramway in a tunnel under the river was considered not justified whilst expenditure on other proposals was required.

1349:

Marylebone Road was extended west to a new junction with Edgware Road in the 1960s in conjunction with the construction of the Marylebone Flyover and the

303:

The report identified that road traffic was constrained by the narrowness of many of London's roads which reflected the historic development of the city.

1335: 1334:

The report's recommendations were acted on in a limited manner. The recommendation for an all-encompassing Traffic Board was not adopted, although the

1470:, the Metropolitan Railway, the municipal tram operators and all bus operators in the London region were amalgamated under the single control of the 1956: 1784: 1544: 1411:

The tramway system was gradually improved into a more integrated system. By the mid-1910s, the three independent tram companies were owned by the

1995: 1416: 1232: 2796: 1994:

Several competing proposals for underground railway lines had been presented to parliament for lines connecting these points including the

1763:

The London County Council and the municipal boroughs could each veto the others plans for new tramways and also plans by private operators.

153: 1736:

At the end of 1904, Greater London had 203.33 miles (327.23 km) of tramways in operation and 146.85 miles (236.33 km) approved.

1228: 91: 2791: 1295: 1178:

via Park Road, Wellington Road and Finchley Road to a junction with the Middlesex County Council's Light Railways' planned terminus at

29:(pink shade and area within) corresponding to the "Greater London" area within which the royal commission reviewed traffic arrangements 111: 1309:

The costs of the board should be covered by a fees and a levy on the local authorities within the Greater London area paid from the

1895: 1064:, Charing Cross, Whitehall, Parliament Street and Bridge Street to a junction with Route 10 at the west end of Westminster Bridge. 616:

held by the London County Council and the municipal boroughs within it over the construction of new tramways should be abolished.

2806: 135: 822:– running from a junction with the Harrow Road and Paddington Tramways' (HR&PT's) terminus in Harrow Road via Harrow Road, 1939: 1845: 1841: 1244: 1164: 174: 105: 76: 1149:, Pimlico Road and Buckingham Palace Road to a junction with Route 4 at the junction of Victoria Street and Grosvenor Gardens. 1291: 212:

The commission held 112 meetings and interviewed 134 witnesses. Members of the commission carried out fact-finding visits to

170: 591:", "providing alternative streets parallel to crowded thoroughfares, and new streets" and "removing factories from London". 2030: 1829: 1459: 81: 50:

The Royal Commission on London Traffic was established on 10 February 1903. It had 13 commissioners and was chaired by Sir

2747: 201: 67: 26: 2743:

Report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire Into and Report Upon the Means of Locomotion and Transport in London

315: 285:

Report of the Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire Into and Report Upon the Means of Locomotion and Transport in London

2801: 2514: 1647:

VIII – Appendix to the Report to the Royal Commission on London Traffic by the Advisory Board of Engineers with Index.

2771: 1905: 1224: 796:. The section from Grosvenor Gardens to Edgware Road would run in a subway, part of which was to be under Hyde Park. 2730: 2034: 1927: 1865: 1821: 1471: 1463: 1933: 1923: 1911: 698:– continuing Route 2 and running below ground in a subway from the junction of Albert Gate and Knightsbridge via 998:'s terminus in Westminster Bridge Road via York Road, Stamford Street and Southwark Road to a junction with the 1448: 653: 268: 129: 101: 1530: 1917: 1440: 899: 2007:

The Traffic Board was to make its own decision as to how extensive this examination and reporting should be.

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The widening or replacement of Brentford High Street was dealt with in the 1920s by the construction of the

636: 1719:

The section from Berkeley Square to Piccadilly would have required the purchase of parts of the gardens of

906:– running from a junction with Route 11 at the north end of Blackfriars Bridge via Queen Victoria Street, 1981: 1574: 1955:

The prohibition on railways entering the central area was made in 1846 following recommendations of the

1809:

Liverpool Street station was the busiest of all of the stations with an estimated 65,299,450 passengers.

395: 1881: 1871: 1851: 1968: 1420: 1203:

north, 89,224,298 from the east, 75,487,731 from the south-east and 66,717,521 from the south-west).

437: 264: 1665:

Measured between buildings including footpaths on each side, the standard road widths proposed were:

1645:

VII – Report to the Royal Commission on London Traffic by the Advisory Board of Engineers with Index

1835: 1641:

V – Maps and Diagrams furnished to or prepared by the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index

1443:. Extensions of all of the lines were proposed and built during the 1910s to 1930s. From 1910, the 1240: 1115: 1072: 448: 443:

G: Widening of Princes Street, Westminster and construction of a new street along the east side of

1818:

At the time of the report, London had 13 mainline railway termini served by ten railway companies:

399:

Map showing the routes recommended for improvement (Red: Main Avenues, Blue Other Recommendations)

1692:

and the west of England and that the width of the carriageway was just 19 feet (5.8 m) wide.

1522: 1390: 1380: 1236: 884: 876: 372: 357: 272: 2741: 2764:

A History of the Metropolitan Railway. Volume 1: The Circle and Extended Lines to Rickmansworth

1861: 1323: 1126: 1053: 657: 625: 588: 520: 275:, Chief Engineer to the Board of Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners of the City of New York. 1710:

The cost was estimated to be £325,000 (equivalent to approximately £44.1 million today).

1701:

The cost was estimated to be £700,000 (equivalent to approximately £94.9 million today).

1684:

The report made particular note that Brentford High Street was the main road out of London to

1635:

II – Minutes of Evidence Taken by the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index and Digest

833:'s terminus in Cambridge Road via Cambridge Avenue to a junction with Route 6 in Edgware Road. 556:

to Wellington Street to segregate traffic from the bridge from east-west traffic along Strand.

2038: 2026: 1901: 1891: 1885: 1875: 1825: 1495: 1003: 919: 601: 115: 71: 392:£4.07 billion today) for the 9 miles (14 km) of new roads, tramways and railways. 1943: 1637:

III – Appendices to the Evidence Taken by the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index

1477:

Further studies that considered the improvement of traffic in London were carried out. Sir

1041: 911: 781: 672: 621: 368: 149: 95: 1980:

The North West London Railway had obtained parliamentary approval in 1899 for a line from

1286:

Hold annual sessions and produce an annual report but be generally in continuous operation

8: 1960: 1501: 1490: 1374: 1339: 1283:

Preliminary examination and reporting on of private bills before submission to Parliament

1146: 1119: 1111: 964: 868: 853: 640:

Map showing the routes recommended for new tramways to connect existing or planned routes

139: 2243: 1964: 1689: 1134: 1057: 1026: 983: 972: 954: 864: 849: 823: 649: 605: 502: 444: 384: 376: 21: 2767: 2726: 1643:

VI – Maps and Diagrams furnished to the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index

1455: 1153: 1103: 1084: 938: 926: 857: 808: 789: 773: 735: 572: 542: 337: 1724: 1591: 1428: 1398: 1394: 1363: 1350: 1061: 991: 946: 934: 903: 731: 711: 699: 676: 469: 426: 364: 225: 125: 38: 1639:

IV – Appendices to the Report of the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index

1280:

Monitoring of road maintenance by local authorities and identification of failures

1194: 2249: 1936:(London, Brighton and South Coast Railway and South Eastern and Chatham Railway). 1855: 1788: 1720: 1549: 1478: 1088: 987: 942: 888: 785: 769: 707: 680: 560: 553: 495: 473: 408: 353: 87: 55: 1198:

1899 Map of railways around central London, showing termini and connecting lines

2254: 2250:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 1587: 1356: 1076: 976: 841: 765:

and ending at a junction with Routes 2 and 3 at the north end of Sloane Street.

715: 546: 491: 462: 345: 341: 329: 164: 143: 811:

to a junction with the Middlesex County Council's Light Railways' terminus at

2785: 1619: 1618:

that were completely within 15 miles or which were partly within 12 miles of

1607: 1536: 1482: 1404: 1370: 1171: 1142: 1138: 907: 837: 762: 750: 688: 684: 668: 568: 516: 484: 458: 213: 51: 1595: 1389:

Instead of a viaduct from Waterloo Bridge to Wellington Street the disused

1175: 1034: 1022: 1018: 937:

across Blackfriars Bridge and then on a viaduct above New Bridge Street to

793: 723: 719: 419: 380: 221: 193:

The commission's remit was to report on London's traffic arrangements and:

1633:

I – Report of the Royal Commission on London Traffic with Index and Plans

1310: 1179: 1092: 819: 812: 804: 758: 664: 509: 480: 412: 349: 333: 159: 1454:

Consolidation of the mainline railway companies continued and under the

1467: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1223:

The report noted that deep-level underground lines under construction (

979:

and Charterhouse Street to a junction with Route 13 in Farringdon Road.

800: 703: 624:

or 13 to 17 per cent of the cost of a deep-level tube line such as the

564: 292: 2520: 1611: 1045: 757:'s planned terminus in Fulham Palace Road and Fulham High Street via 727: 579: 535: 430: 403:

Other main road improvements recommended by the advisory board were:

2590: 2132: 1791:) was under construction between Knightsbridge and Leicester Square. 826:

and Bishops Road to a junction with Routes 6 and 22 in Edgware Road.

1384: 1068: 879:

via Westminster Bridge, Victoria Embankment to a junction with the

253: 233: 1573:

Earl Cawdor resigned from the commission in March 1905 to become

960: 695: 524: 245: 241: 2086: 2084: 1306:

board's members should be directly appointed by the government.

1685: 1615: 1299: 746: 528: 249: 237: 229: 217: 2556: 2554: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 295:

for traffic schemes before they were submitted to parliament.

2578: 2081: 1998:'s line, which began construction in 1902 and opened in 1906. 1599: 829:

Route 8: Cambridge Avenue – running from a junction with the

257: 2096: 1505:(1944) included recommendations on rail and road transport. 418:

D: Construction of a new street between Marylebone Road and

2698: 2551: 2221: 2219: 2197: 1603: 830: 613: 2674: 2662: 2602: 2120: 2108: 2016:

Dimsdale and Gibb signed the main report, Bartley did not.

1013:

Route 16: Tower Subway – running from a junction with the

2650: 1362:

The western end of Constitution Hill was rearranged when

2541: 2539: 2484: 2482: 2431: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2378: 2366: 2344: 2342: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2298: 2296: 2269: 2216: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2071: 2069: 860:

and Bayswater Road to connect to Route 5 at Marble Arch.

2054: 1338:

was established in 1924 to oversee road traffic in the

644:

The new routes recommended by the advisory board were:

2686: 1397:

connecting northbound traffic from Waterloo Bridge to

1366:

was replanned in the 1960s for the Hyde Park Underpass

1160: 1130: 1107: 1096: 1080: 1049: 1030: 1014: 1007: 999: 995: 968: 950: 930: 915: 880: 872: 777: 754: 739: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2566: 2536: 2506: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2402: 2390: 2354: 2339: 2320: 2308: 2293: 2281: 2185: 2168: 2156: 2144: 2066: 1002:'s terminus in Southwark Bridge Road. A branch along 2494: 1669:"First-class Arterial Streets": 100 feet (30 m) 1512: 1355:

The Mall was extended to Charing Cross in 1912 when

656:' (LCCT's) planned terminus at the north end to the 1439:also controlled the Central London Railway and the 1336:

London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee

1218: 631: 2513: 1447:also owned the largest bus company in London, the 1106:to Post Office – running from a junction with the 287:, was published in eight volumes on 17 July 1905. 158:Charles Murdoch, Assistant Under Secretary at the 1785:Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway 1675:"Fourth-class Streets": 40–50 feet (12–15 m) 1156:to a junction with Route 17 in Parliament Street. 1114:and then in a subway under Aldersgate Street and 578:T: Widening Marble Arch between Edgware Road and 2783: 1957:Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini 1545:Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini 310: 2238: 2236: 2234: 1996:Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway 1959:. The only exception to this was the line from 1417:Underground Electric Railways Company of London 1233:Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway 200:The area of the commission's scope covered the 1586:The Metropolitan Police District included the 845: 278: 16:Former royal commission of the United Kingdom 2720: 2704: 2608: 2596: 2584: 2560: 2231: 2210: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2090: 538:High Street or construction of a new street. 454:H: Widening of Broad Sanctuary, Westminster. 2812:Proposed transport infrastructure in London 1671:"Second-class Streets": 80 feet (24 m) 1277:Provision of new railway lines and tramways 1229:Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway 1174:– running from a junction with Route 22 at 1727:and possibly the demolition of the latter. 1673:"Third-class Streets": 60 feet (18 m) 1403:Marble Arch was widened in the 1960s when 803:– running from a junction with Route 5 at 2246:inflation figures are based on data from 2524:. No. 19277. 1 July 1846. p. 6 1896:London, Brighton and South Coast Railway 1193: 784:via Victoria Street, Grosvenor Gardens, 635: 394: 314: 20: 2761: 2739: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2644: 2632: 2620: 2572: 2545: 2500: 2488: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2396: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2333: 2314: 2302: 2287: 2275: 2225: 2191: 2179: 2162: 2150: 2102: 2075: 2060: 1942:served as the terminus of the suburban 1555: 1271:Regulation of the opening up of streets 429:to Charing Cross (now the north end of 2784: 1631:The volumes of the report were titled: 541:Q: Viaduct from Blackfriars Bridge to 2247: 559:S: Construction of a new street from 363:B: New Main Avenue, North to South – 2797:Organizations disestablished in 1905 2740:Barbour, David; et al. (1905). 2031:London, Midland and Scottish Railway 1830:London, Tilbury and Southend Railway 1667:"Main Avenues": 140 feet (43 m) 1413:London and Suburban Traction Company 1292:Rapid Transit Railroad Commissioners 660:' (LUT's) terminus at the south end. 563:to the Mall via the eastern side of 379:and including a new bridge over the 61: 1920:(South Eastern and Chatham Railway) 1914:(South Eastern and Chatham Railway) 1464:London Passenger Transport Act 1933 1316: 1129:– running from a junction with the 1125:Route 20: King's Road, Chelsea and 1079:– running from a junction with the 1052:'s terminus at the southern end of 1048:– running from a junction with the 994:– running from a junction with the 971:'s terminus at the southern end of 967:– running from a junction with the 753:– running from a junction with the 742:'s terminus in Aldgate High Street. 328:A: New Main Avenue, West to East – 13: 1274:Removal of obstructions to traffic 1141:via New King's Road, King's Road, 58:and the other commissioners were: 35:Royal Commission on London Traffic 14: 2823: 2792:Organizations established in 1903 1906:South Eastern and Chatham Railway 1225:Baker Street and Waterloo Railway 1215:for future railway construction. 887:and Route 11 at the north end of 90:MP, member of parliament for the 2035:London and North Eastern Railway 1928:London and South Western Railway 1866:London and North Western Railway 1529: 1515: 1485:considered road improvements in 1472:London Passenger Transport Board 1258: 1219:Recommended railway improvements 1033:'s terminus at the south end of 925:Route 13: New Bridge Street and 848:'s terminus in Uxbridge Road at 632:Recommended tramway improvements 515:O: Widening of Wandsworth Road, 207: 45: 2748:His Majesty's Stationery Office 2713: 2019: 2010: 2001: 1988: 1974: 1949: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1776: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1730: 1713: 1704: 1695: 1678: 1659: 1650: 1625: 1415:which was jointly owned by the 1243:where the approved but unbuilt 1083:'s terminus at South Place via 2807:History of transport in London 2515:"Metropolitan Railway Termini" 1580: 1567: 1487:The Highway Development Survey 1449:London General Omnibus Company 1099:'s terminus in Norton Folgate. 807:via Edgware Road, Maida Vale, 654:London County Council Tramways 336:running from Victoria Gate of 269:Institution of Civil Engineers 130:Institution of Civil Engineers 1: 2721:Badsey-Ellis, Antony (2005). 2048: 1441:City and South London Railway 1393:was converted in 1964 to the 1329: 311:Recommended road improvements 152:MP, member of parliament for 914:and Southwark Bridge to the 567:with branches to connect to 508:N: Widening of King Street, 202:Metropolitan Police District 27:Metropolitan Police District 7: 1575:First Lord of the Admiralty 1508: 1189: 1021:then in a tunnel under the 594: 10: 2828: 2766:. Lamplight Publications. 2723:London's Lost Tube Schemes 1458:they were merged into the 1056:via Tottenham Court Road, 799:Route 6: Edgware Road and 694:Route 3: Knightsbridge to 279:Report and recommendations 267:, former President of the 128:, former President of the 2802:British Royal Commissions 2141:, pp. 222 & 223. 1421:British Electric Traction 1245:North West London Railway 283:The commission's report, 173:, General Manager of the 2599:, pp. 220–221, 266. 1985:promoter of the company. 1560: 1373:and construction of the 1326:to form a looping line. 1296:Rapid Transit Commission 298: 188: 2248:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1838:(Great Eastern Railway) 1523:London transport portal 1391:Kingsway tramway subway 1118:to a terminus near the 1095:to a junction with the 1091:, Liverpool Street and 1029:to a junction with the 1006:would connect with the 949:to a junction with the 885:Kingsway tramway subway 877:Westminster Bridge Road 792:to the southern end of 714:, King William Street, 358:Whitechapel High Street 273:William Barclay Parsons 2762:Simpson, Bill (2003). 2105:, pp. 3 & 50. 2025:The Big Four were the 1846:Great Northern Railway 1324:Central London Railway 1199: 1127:Buckingham Palace Road 658:London United Tramways 641: 626:Central London Railway 521:Wandsworth High Street 447:to Waterloo Place and 400: 320: 30: 2725:. Capital Transport. 2027:Great Western Railway 1886:Great Western Railway 1876:Great Central Railway 1826:Great Eastern Railway 1496:County of London Plan 1197: 1116:St. Martin's Le Grand 920:Southwark Bridge Road 900:Queen Victoria Street 639: 602:London County Council 519:, St John's Hill and 449:Duke of York's Column 398: 369:Elephant & Castle 318: 175:North Eastern Railway 116:London County Council 72:Great Western Railway 24: 1944:North London Railway 1556:Notes and references 1165:King's Cross station 1137:at the north end of 1042:Tottenham Court Road 1025:on the east side of 782:Vauxhall Bridge Road 687:to the north end of 673:Hammersmith Broadway 622:Metropolitan Railway 150:George Trout Bartley 112:John Dickson-Poynder 96:Lord Mayor of London 54:. Its secretary was 2683:, pp. 101–102. 2671:, pp. 100–101. 1598:in the counties of 1502:Greater London Plan 1491:Patrick Abercrombie 1462:in 1923. Under the 1375:Hammersmith Flyover 1340:London Traffic Area 1294:of New York or the 1147:Lower Sloane Street 1120:General Post Office 1112:Charterhouse Square 1060:, the east side of 965:Charterhouse Street 929:– running from the 871:– running from the 869:Victoria Embankment 854:Holland Park Avenue 844:– running from the 776:– running from the 352:to the junction of 140:Permanent Secretary 2659:, pp. 98–100. 2244:Retail Price Index 2093:, pp. 222–23. 1268:Control of traffic 1247:was to terminate. 1200: 1176:Upper Baker Street 1135:Fulham High Street 1058:Charing Cross Road 1027:St Katharine Docks 1010:'s terminus there. 865:Westminster Bridge 824:Westbourne Terrace 650:Hammersmith Bridge 642: 503:West Cromwell Road 401: 385:Blackfriars Bridge 321: 114:MP, member of the 70:, Chairman of the 31: 2705:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2609:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2597:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2587:, pp. 79–82. 2585:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2561:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2440:, pp. 64–65. 2428:, pp. 45–47. 2387:, pp. 44–47. 2375:, pp. 52–54. 2278:, pp. 37–38. 2228:, pp. 35–36. 2211:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2139:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2127:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2115:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2091:Badsey-Ellis 2005 2063:, pp. iii–v. 1787:(now part of the 1456:Railways Act 1921 1435:. From 1913, the 1154:Parliament Square 1110:'s terminus near 1104:Aldersgate Street 1085:Finsbury Pavement 939:Farringdon Street 927:Farringdon Street 858:Notting Hill Gate 809:Kilburn High Road 736:Leadenhall Street 652:– to connect the 543:Farringdon Street 438:Constitution Hill 185: 184: 82:Baron Ribblesdale 2819: 2777: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2736: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2549: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2517: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2337: 2331: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2240: 2229: 2223: 2214: 2208: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2073: 2064: 2058: 2042: 2039:Southern Railway 2023: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2005: 1999: 1992: 1986: 1978: 1972: 1969:Snow Hill tunnel 1953: 1947: 1836:Liverpool Street 1822:Fenchurch Street 1816: 1810: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1780: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1725:Devonshire House 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1693: 1682: 1676: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1629: 1623: 1592:County of London 1584: 1578: 1571: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1469: 1446: 1438: 1434: 1429:District Railway 1395:Strand Underpass 1364:Hyde Park Corner 1317:Minority reports 1237:Victoria station 1162: 1132: 1109: 1098: 1082: 1073:Liverpool Street 1062:Trafalgar Square 1051: 1032: 1016: 1009: 1001: 997: 992:Southwark Street 970: 952: 947:Clerkenwell Road 935:Blackfriars Road 932: 917: 904:Southwark Bridge 882: 874: 847: 832: 779: 756: 741: 712:Leicester Square 700:Hyde Park Corner 677:Hammersmith Road 648:Route 1: Across 552:R: Viaduct from 501:M: Extension of 470:Hammersmith Road 425:E: Extension of 126:John Wolfe Barry 106:Attorney General 62: 39:royal commission 25:The area of the 2827: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2816: 2782: 2781: 2780: 2774: 2752: 2750: 2746:. Vol. I. 2733: 2716: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2552: 2544: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2499: 2495: 2487: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2241: 2232: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1975: 1954: 1950: 1937: 1931: 1921: 1915: 1912:Holborn Viaduct 1909: 1899: 1889: 1879: 1869: 1859: 1856:Midland Railway 1849: 1839: 1833: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1789:Piccadilly line 1781: 1777: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1731: 1721:Lansdowne House 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1550:London Ringways 1535: 1528: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1489:(1938) and Sir 1479:Charles Bressey 1381:Great West Road 1359:was constructed 1332: 1319: 1261: 1221: 1192: 1163:'s terminus at 1133:'s terminus in 1089:Finsbury Circus 1017:'s terminus at 988:Stamford Street 973:Gray's Inn Road 955:Theobald's Road 953:'s terminus in 943:Farringdon Road 933:'s terminus in 918:'s terminus in 889:Waterloo Bridge 875:'s terminus in 850:Shepherd's Bush 786:Grosvenor Place 780:'s terminus in 770:Grosvenor Place 708:Coventry Street 681:Kensington Road 634: 597: 561:Berkeley Square 554:Waterloo Bridge 534:P: Widening of 490:L: Widening of 479:K: Widening of 474:Kensington Road 468:J: Widening of 457:I: Widening of 445:St James's Park 436:F: Widening of 409:Marylebone Road 407:C: Widening of 383:to the west of 377:Gray's Inn Road 373:Caledonian Road 354:Commercial Road 313: 301: 281: 228:in 1903 and to 210: 196: 194: 191: 186: 160:Home Department 154:Islington North 136:Francis Hopwood 88:Joseph Dimsdale 77:Viscount Cobham 56:Lynden Macassey 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2825: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2779: 2778: 2772: 2759: 2737: 2731: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2707:, p. 226. 2697: 2695:, p. 102. 2685: 2673: 2661: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2565: 2563:, p. 225. 2550: 2535: 2505: 2493: 2478: 2466: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2338: 2319: 2307: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2255:MeasuringWorth 2230: 2215: 2213:, p. 230. 2196: 2184: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2129:, p. 229. 2119: 2117:, p. 222. 2107: 2095: 2080: 2078:, p. 105. 2065: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1987: 1973: 1948: 1938:Additionally, 1811: 1802: 1793: 1775: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1712: 1703: 1694: 1677: 1658: 1649: 1624: 1596:civil parishes 1588:City of London 1579: 1565: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1526: 1510: 1507: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1387: 1377: 1367: 1360: 1357:Admiralty Arch 1353: 1331: 1328: 1318: 1315: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1260: 1257: 1220: 1217: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1168: 1157: 1150: 1123: 1100: 1077:Norton Folgate 1065: 1054:Hampstead Road 1038: 1011: 980: 977:Holborn Circus 957: 923: 896: 892: 861: 842:Bayswater Road 834: 827: 816: 797: 766: 743: 692: 661: 633: 630: 596: 593: 584: 583: 576: 557: 550: 547:Ludgate Circus 539: 532: 513: 506: 499: 488: 477: 466: 463:Bayswater Road 455: 452: 441: 434: 423: 416: 389: 388: 361: 346:Russell Square 342:Portman Square 330:Bayswater Road 312: 309: 300: 297: 280: 277: 265:Benjamin Baker 209: 206: 190: 187: 183: 182: 178: 177: 168: 165:Felix Schuster 162: 156: 146: 144:Board of Trade 132: 120: 119: 118: 108: 98: 92:City of London 84: 79: 74: 60: 47: 44: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2824: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2775: 2773:1-899246-07-X 2769: 2765: 2760: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2718: 2706: 2701: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2647:, p. 71. 2646: 2641: 2635:, p. 70. 2634: 2629: 2623:, p. 69. 2622: 2617: 2611:, p. 78. 2610: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2575:, p. 68. 2574: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2548:, p. 63. 2547: 2542: 2540: 2523: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2491:, p. 59. 2490: 2485: 2483: 2476:, p. 57. 2475: 2470: 2464:, p. 55. 2463: 2458: 2452:, p. 65. 2451: 2446: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2416:, p. 48. 2415: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2399:, p. 44. 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2363:, p. 54. 2362: 2357: 2351:, p. 42. 2350: 2345: 2343: 2336:, p. 41. 2335: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2317:, p. 40. 2316: 2311: 2305:, p. 38. 2304: 2299: 2297: 2290:, p. 37. 2289: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2194:, p. 34. 2193: 2188: 2182:, p. 33. 2181: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2165:, p. 99. 2164: 2159: 2153:, p. vi. 2152: 2147: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2123: 2116: 2111: 2104: 2099: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2013: 2004: 1997: 1991: 1983: 1977: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1919: 1918:Charing Cross 1913: 1907: 1903: 1902:Cannon Street 1897: 1893: 1892:London Bridge 1887: 1883: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1790: 1786: 1779: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1691: 1687: 1681: 1662: 1653: 1628: 1621: 1620:Charing Cross 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608:Hertfordshire 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1566: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1537:London portal 1532: 1527: 1524: 1513: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483:Edwin Lutyens 1480: 1475: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1442: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1371:Talgarth Road 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1259:Traffic Board 1256: 1252: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1196: 1187: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172:Finchley Road 1169: 1166: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1143:Sloane Square 1140: 1139:Putney Bridge 1136: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1012: 1005: 1004:Waterloo Road 993: 989: 985: 981: 978: 975:via Holborn, 974: 966: 962: 958: 956: 948: 944: 940: 936: 928: 924: 921: 913: 909: 908:Cannon Street 905: 901: 897: 893: 890: 886: 878: 870: 866: 862: 859: 855: 851: 843: 839: 838:Uxbridge Road 835: 828: 825: 821: 817: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795: 791: 787: 783: 775: 771: 767: 764: 763:Brompton Road 760: 752: 751:Brompton Road 748: 744: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 690: 689:Sloane Street 686: 685:Knightsbridge 682: 678: 674: 670: 669:Knightsbridge 666: 662: 659: 655: 651: 647: 646: 645: 638: 629: 627: 623: 617: 615: 609: 607: 603: 592: 590: 581: 577: 574: 570: 569:Jermyn Street 566: 562: 558: 555: 551: 548: 544: 540: 537: 533: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:Lavender Hill 514: 511: 507: 504: 500: 497: 493: 489: 486: 485:Brompton Road 482: 478: 475: 471: 467: 464: 460: 459:Uxbridge Road 456: 453: 450: 446: 442: 439: 435: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 414: 410: 406: 405: 404: 397: 393: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 326: 325: 317: 308: 304: 296: 294: 288: 286: 276: 274: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 208:Investigation 205: 203: 198: 181: 176: 172: 169: 166: 163: 161: 157: 155: 151: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 131: 127: 123: 122: 121: 117: 113: 109: 107: 103: 99: 97: 93: 89: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 69: 66: 65: 64: 63: 59: 57: 53: 52:David Barbour 46:Establishment 43: 40: 36: 28: 23: 19: 2763: 2751:. 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