1818:
69:
283:
47:
1550:
916:
531:
for the colouring matter. This property was used to enable physiologists to ascertain the manner in which bones develop, and the functions of the various types of
1316:
1166:
1106:
886:
676:
596:
1136:
1036:
866:
756:
1216:
1186:
856:
666:
616:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1236:
1206:
1196:
1176:
1126:
1016:
1006:
836:
776:
766:
736:
556:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1146:
1096:
1066:
1046:
1026:
936:
926:
846:
826:
786:
646:
636:
586:
1246:
1226:
986:
956:
906:
896:
816:
726:
716:
696:
626:
2521:
1296:
1256:
1116:
1076:
746:
706:
3429:
1156:
1056:
996:
876:
796:
566:
3468:
2833:
976:
966:
576:
1570:
2111:
2026:
3504:
1529:
1565:
3377:
3152:
3442:
3390:
3051:
1464:
503:, in 1597, wrote of it as having been cultivated in many gardens in his day, and describes its many supposed virtues, but any
1415:
3447:
3581:
383:
in East Asia, were extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth century for red dye, commonly called
2798:
1440:
1687:
3473:
3416:
2838:
297:
was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. The genus name
3115:
2803:
2154:
2104:
3522:
3455:
2823:
2773:
2536:
2236:
3289:
2808:
3369:
3356:
3517:
2848:
2788:
2768:
2763:
2546:
2179:
3395:
3596:
3591:
3576:
3483:
3041:
2889:
2818:
2097:
1970:
2753:
2636:
2596:
2271:
2073:
2021:
68:
3509:
3364:
3079:
482:
20:
240:, which also contains coffee. It contains around 80 species of perennial scrambling or climbing
3351:
3232:
3089:
2828:
2631:
2411:
27:
3434:
3084:
2843:
2758:
2626:
2219:
1760:
3496:
1555:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3325:
3014:
2884:
2224:
2199:
2189:
1680:
423:
8:
3586:
3200:
2943:
2874:
2813:
2707:
2687:
2682:
481:
Madder was employed medicinally in ancient civilizations and in the Middle Ages. In his
3543:
3172:
3029:
1900:
1879:
1639:
63:
1657:
1381:
3491:
3312:
3215:
3210:
3059:
2853:
2712:
2453:
2174:
1950:
1940:
1643:
1472:
1446:
1436:
1411:
528:
350:
1817:
3548:
3317:
3157:
3094:
3034:
2910:
2727:
2672:
2667:
2551:
2516:
2005:
1980:
1631:
686:
546:
373:
270:
233:
3281:
3294:
3270:
3009:
2869:
2722:
2581:
2556:
2541:
2511:
2483:
2246:
2209:
2149:
1859:
1673:
1306:
1086:
806:
656:
478:, etc. The cultivation, however, decreased after alizarin was made artificially.
439:
367:
287:
264:
258:
237:
205:
106:
55:
3460:
3571:
3195:
3069:
2953:
2894:
2783:
2737:
2702:
2697:
2641:
2616:
2606:
2591:
2531:
2506:
2490:
2436:
2376:
2301:
2281:
2276:
2169:
2134:
2047:
2000:
532:
93:
1777:
3565:
3255:
3004:
2983:
2920:
2732:
2692:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2526:
2478:
2458:
2421:
2381:
2326:
2291:
2184:
2164:
1995:
1905:
1765:
1561:
1556:
1450:
496:
459:
405:
388:
211:
189:
3535:
3147:
3140:
3125:
3120:
2948:
2677:
2651:
2646:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2473:
2416:
2391:
2366:
2341:
2286:
2266:
2078:
1965:
1874:
1849:
1635:
946:
504:
197:
3403:
3304:
3264:
3205:
2999:
2963:
2793:
2717:
2468:
2463:
2396:
2356:
2321:
2261:
2241:
2204:
2144:
1920:
1910:
1854:
1839:
1770:
606:
500:
455:
431:
379:
339:
327:
142:
1574:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 280.
282:
3382:
3167:
3162:
3130:
3074:
2973:
2968:
2879:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2371:
2336:
2306:
2194:
2139:
1990:
1960:
1864:
1796:
512:
511:
action which madder may possess is unrecognizable. Its most remarkable
315:
162:
305:
46:
3408:
3338:
3110:
3024:
2448:
2361:
2351:
2331:
2251:
2057:
1736:
409:
331:
249:
230:
152:
3421:
3226:
3530:
3249:
3177:
3135:
3064:
2978:
2401:
2316:
2311:
2089:
1935:
1915:
1844:
1743:
492:
488:
343:
319:
245:
132:
119:
3343:
1805:
3019:
2406:
2256:
2159:
2052:
1985:
1945:
1930:
1884:
1869:
1789:
1784:
1755:
1750:
508:
475:
471:
463:
172:
2925:
2778:
2571:
2346:
2296:
2229:
2120:
1925:
1727:
1715:
1696:
467:
447:
354:
3330:
2915:
2386:
2214:
2042:
1955:
1710:
527:
of birds. This appears to be due to the chemical affinity of
427:
417:
399:
391:
335:
252:. The genus and its best-known species are commonly known as
226:
80:
1471:. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. November 2007. Archived from
1720:
524:
520:
516:
241:
1834:
1665:
323:
1803:
1794:
1775:
1741:
1725:
1614:
Potts, Daniel T. (2022). "On the history of madder (
1405:
286:Skeins of yarn colored with dye from madder root,
515:effect was found to be that of colouring red the
346:greatly reduced demand for the natural compound.
16:Genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae
3563:
1410:(2 ed.). A & C Black. pp. 76–80.
2834:Textile Museum (George Washington University)
2105:
1681:
19:"Madder" redirects here. For other uses, see
446:was extensively cultivated in south Europe,
303:
2112:
2098:
2027:Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands
1688:
1674:
1622:L.) in pre-modern Iran and the Caucasus".
45:
1435:. London: John Murray. pp. 152–153.
1430:
3153:Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
1560:
1543:
1541:
281:
387:. Cloth dyed with it has been found on
322:that gives its red colour to a textile
3564:
1624:Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques
1424:
462:. Large quantities were imported into
3231:
3230:
2093:
1669:
1613:
1538:
1399:
611:(H.Lév. & Vaniot) Hara ex Lauener
3484:e0bce533-376a-4f44-82e5-205719397bc8
2119:
1523:
1521:
1386:in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae"
519:of animals fed upon it, as also the
404:) used for dyeing the cloaks of the
1661:in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae
1457:
1374:
13:
1816:
1607:
426:, who wrote of its cultivation in
14:
3608:
2799:Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)
1651:
1534:. Vol. 24. pp. 236–238.
1527:
1518:
1548:
67:
3523:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:35277-1
2839:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
1590:
1578:
458:, and to a small extent in the
3116:Early Anatolian animal carpets
2804:Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
1505:
1496:
1487:
1:
2824:Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
1367:
314:The plant's roots contain an
7:
2809:Museum of Islamic Art, Doha
1804:
1795:
1776:
1742:
1726:
1406:Cannon J, Cannon M (2002).
491:and is capable of treating
10:
3613:
3582:Non-timber forest products
2849:Victoria and Albert Museum
2789:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2769:Brukenthal National Museum
2764:Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah
1695:
1433:The Secret Lives of Colour
1431:St. Clair, Kassia (2016).
1011:Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.
538:
487:, Pliny described it as a
418:
400:
360:
353:, Rubia is used for dying
25:
18:
3239:
3186:
3103:
3050:
2992:
2944:Ghiordes and Senneh knots
2934:
2903:
2890:Truckmount carpet cleaner
2862:
2819:Museum of Textiles (Lyon)
2746:
2660:
2499:
2127:
2066:
2035:
2014:
1893:
1827:
1814:
1703:
365:Several species, such as
338:, that is referred to as
203:
196:
64:Scientific classification
62:
53:
44:
37:
3010:Madder (Rubia tinctorum)
2754:Azerbaijan Carpet Museum
2074:Glossary of dyeing terms
1894:Traditional textile dyes
1600:, vol. ii. pt. 2, p. 52
901:(Miq.) Miyabe & Kudo
330:. It was also used as a
3080:DOBAG Carpet Initiative
1571:Encyclopædia Britannica
1465:"Material Name: madder"
917:Rubia krascheninnikovii
535:found in growing bone.
301:derives from the Latin
277:
21:Madder (disambiguation)
3090:Savonnerie manufactory
3085:A & M Karagheusian
2829:Saint Louis Art Museum
1821:
1636:10.1515/asia-2021-0039
304:
291:
28:Rubia (disambiguation)
2844:Turkmen Carpet Museum
2759:Carpet Museum of Iran
1820:
1761:Reactive dye printing
1502:Dioscorides iii. 160
1408:Dye Plants and Dyeing
1211:B.Fedtsch. ex Pojark.
1051:Z.Ying Zhang ex Q.Lin
450:, where it is called
408:women in the days of
285:
3015:Indigofera tinctoria
2885:Hot water extraction
2673:Sir Francis Crossley
1317:Rubia transcaucasica
1167:Rubia rezniczenkoana
1107:Rubia philippinensis
1081:Bajtenov & Myrz.
991:Collett & Hemsl.
887:Rubia infundibularis
701:Collett & Hemsl.
677:Rubia clematidifolia
597:Rubia angustisissima
424:Pedanius Dioscorides
26:For other uses, see
3201:Armenian Orphan Rug
2875:Dry carpet cleaning
2814:Museo Poldi Pezzoli
2688:Arshag Karagheusian
2683:Arthur T. Gregorian
1531:The Natural History
1261:(Trevir.) F.Schmidt
1137:Rubia pterygocaulis
1037:Rubia oppositifolia
951:(Holmboe) Airy Shaw
867:Rubia hispidicaulis
757:Rubia dolichophylla
551:Dans. & P.Silva
342:. The synthesis of
268:(wild madder), and
3187:Notable individual
3173:Transylvanian rugs
3104:Carpets in culture
3042:Dyes in Uzbekistan
3030:Armenian cochineal
1901:Armenian cochineal
1822:
1217:Rubia schumanniana
1187:Rubia rotundifolia
857:Rubia himalayensis
667:Rubia chitralensis
617:Rubia atropurpurea
292:
3559:
3558:
3492:Open Tree of Life
3233:Taxon identifiers
3224:
3223:
3216:Coronation Carpet
3095:Ziegler & Co.
3060:Axminster Carpets
2738:Charles T. Yerkes
2713:Arthur Upham Pope
2087:
2086:
1417:978-0-7136-6374-7
1362:
1357:Rubia yunnanensis
1352:
1347:Rubia wallichiana
1342:
1337:Rubia truppeliana
1332:
1327:Rubia trichocarpa
1322:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1237:Rubia sikkimensis
1232:
1222:
1212:
1207:Rubia schugnanica
1202:
1197:Rubia salicifolia
1192:
1182:
1177:Rubia rigidifolia
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1127:Rubia polyphlebia
1122:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1017:Rubia membranacea
1012:
1007:Rubia maymanensis
1002:
992:
982:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
922:
912:
902:
892:
891:Hemsl. & Lace
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
837:Rubia haematantha
832:
822:
812:
802:
792:
791:F.C.How ex H.S.Lo
782:
777:Rubia falciformis
772:
767:Rubia edgeworthii
762:
752:
742:
737:Rubia deserticola
732:
722:
712:
702:
692:
682:
672:
662:
661:Regel & Maack
652:
642:
632:
622:
612:
602:
592:
582:
572:
562:
557:Rubia aitchisonii
552:
529:calcium phosphate
334:, especially for
274:(Indian madder).
262:(common madder),
218:
217:
192:
3604:
3597:Rugs and carpets
3592:Rubiaceae genera
3577:Medicinal plants
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3500:
3499:
3487:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3463:
3461:NHMSYS0000462566
3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3228:
3227:
3158:Pictorial carpet
3035:Polish cochineal
2937:and installation
2728:Wilhelm von Bode
2668:James F. Ballard
2121:Rugs and carpets
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2090:
1981:Polish cochineal
1809:
1800:
1781:
1747:
1731:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1647:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1378:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1287:Rubia thunbergii
1280:
1277:Rubia tenuissima
1270:
1267:Rubia tenuifolia
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1191:Banks & Sol.
1190:
1180:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1147:Rubia rechingeri
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1097:Rubia petiolaris
1090:
1080:
1070:
1067:Rubia pauciflora
1060:
1050:
1047:Rubia ovatifolia
1040:
1030:
1027:Rubia oncotricha
1020:
1010:
1001:Roxb. ex Fleming
1000:
990:
980:
970:
960:
950:
940:
937:Rubia latipetala
930:
927:Rubia laevissima
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
847:Rubia hexaphylla
840:
830:
827:Rubia gedrosiaca
820:
810:
800:
790:
787:Rubia filiformis
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
700:
690:
687:Rubia cordifolia
680:
670:
660:
650:
647:Rubia charifolia
640:
637:Rubia caramanica
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
587:Rubia albicaulis
580:
570:
561:Deb & Malick
560:
550:
547:Rubia agostinhoi
421:
420:
403:
402:
374:Rubia cordifolia
318:compound called
309:
271:Rubia cordifolia
238:flowering plants
188:
72:
71:
49:
35:
34:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3188:
3182:
3099:
3046:
2988:
2936:
2930:
2899:
2870:Carpet cleaning
2858:
2742:
2723:Friedrich Sarre
2708:George H. Myers
2656:
2495:
2484:Uzbek Napramach
2123:
2118:
2088:
2083:
2062:
2031:
2010:
1889:
1823:
1812:
1699:
1694:
1654:
1620:Rubia tinctorum
1616:Rubia peregrina
1610:
1608:Further reading
1605:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1564:, ed. (1911). "
1549:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:Herod. iv. 189
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1469:material record
1463:
1462:
1458:
1443:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1307:Rubia tinctorum
1247:Rubia sylvatica
1227:Rubia siamensis
1087:Rubia peregrina
987:Rubia mandersii
957:Rubia laxiflora
907:Rubia komarovii
897:Rubia jesoensis
851:(Makino) Makino
817:Rubia garrettii
807:Rubia fruticosa
727:Rubia davisiana
717:Rubia danaensis
697:Rubia crassipes
681:Blume ex Decne.
657:Rubia chinensis
627:Rubia balearica
541:
505:pharmacological
484:Natural History
368:Rubia tinctorum
363:
311:meaning "red".
288:Rubia tinctorum
280:
265:Rubia peregrina
259:Rubia tinctorum
214:
209:
206:Rubia tinctorum
187:
66:
56:Rubia tinctorum
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3610:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:wfo-4000033575
3540:
3527:
3514:
3501:
3488:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3299:
3286:
3276:
3261:
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Ardabil Carpet
3192:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Cormar Carpets
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2932:
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1513:De morb. mul.
1511:Hippocrates,
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1475:on 2011-07-27
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881:(Thunb.) Puff
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460:United States
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3148:Magic carpet
3141:Tree of life
3126:Kilim motifs
2958:
2949:Knot density
2678:Kurt Erdmann
2454:Scandinavian
2200:Gasimushaghi
2079:List of dyes
1975:
1951:Dyer's broom
1906:Black walnut
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1615:
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1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
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1389:. Retrieved
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1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
947:Rubia laurae
945:
935:
925:
915:
905:
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
825:
815:
805:
795:
785:
775:
765:
755:
745:
735:
725:
715:
705:
695:
685:
675:
665:
655:
645:
635:
625:
615:
605:
595:
585:
575:
567:Rubia alaica
565:
555:
545:
483:
480:
451:
444:R. tinctorum
443:
435:
414:erythrodanon
413:
412:. It is the
396:ereuthedanon
395:
384:
378:
372:
366:
364:
348:
313:
302:
298:
294:
293:
269:
263:
257:
253:
221:
220:
219:
204:
198:Type species
183:
182:
126:
113:
100:
87:
54:
38:
32:
3404:iNaturalist
3265:Wikispecies
3206:Badding Rug
3000:Natural dye
2964:Rug hooking
2935:Manufacture
2794:Miho Museum
2718:Alois Riegl
2537:Bessarabian
2237:Bessarabian
2190:Demirchilar
2150:Azerbaijani
1860:Substantive
1778:Rōketsuzome
1771:Ring dyeing
1031:Hand.-Mazz.
977:Rubia magna
967:Rubia linii
607:Rubia argyi
577:Rubia alata
509:therapeutic
501:John Gerard
456:Netherlands
432:Hippocrates
419:ἐρυθρόδανον
401:ἐρευθέδανον
380:Rubia argyi
371:in Europe,
340:Madder lake
328:Rose madder
159:Subfamily:
143:Gentianales
107:Angiosperms
3587:Plant dyes
3566:Categories
3422:30021224-2
3168:Red carpet
3163:Prayer rug
3131:Elibelinde
3075:Dilmaghani
2974:Tack strip
2969:Rug making
2880:Floorcloth
2552:Chiprovtsi
2036:Craft dyes
1797:Tsutsugaki
1704:Techniques
1479:January 1,
1368:References
454:, and the
434:, and the
316:anthracene
163:Rubioideae
3111:Eagle rug
3025:Cochineal
2547:Caucasian
2517:Axminster
2332:Bakshaish
2327:Bakhtiari
2292:Pakistani
2247:Catalogne
2180:Caucasian
2165:Arraiolos
2067:Reference
1921:Cochineal
1911:Bloodroot
1880:Discharge
1737:Kalamkari
1644:249627189
1598:Mat. Med.
1596:Pereira,
1587:, p. 960
1451:936144129
430:, and of
410:Herodotus
332:colourant
326:known as
250:Old World
246:subshrubs
231:Rubiaceae
153:Rubiaceae
77:Kingdom:
3536:40027489
3531:Tropicos
3302:BioLib:
3250:Wikidata
3178:War rugs
3136:Evil eye
3065:Brintons
2979:Underlay
2863:Cleaning
2582:Karabakh
2557:Crivelli
2542:Bradford
2512:Armenian
2459:Seychour
2417:Seraband
2367:Karadagh
2342:Borujerd
2287:Oriental
2267:Kashmiri
2210:Karabakh
2175:Borchaly
2155:Absheron
1991:Turmeric
1936:Dyewoods
1916:Brazilin
1875:Disperse
1850:Reactive
1744:Katazome
1618:L., and
1391:April 2,
1221:E.Pritz.
981:P.G.Xiao
971:J.M.Chao
961:Gontsch.
931:Tschern.
871:D.G.Long
861:Klotzsch
841:Ary Shaw
493:jaundice
489:diuretic
389:Egyptian
344:alizarin
320:alizarin
149:Family:
133:Asterids
120:Eudicots
3435:1058249
3383:2892184
3256:Q162108
3189:carpets
3020:Carmine
2904:Fabrics
2642:Turkish
2637:Swedish
2617:Persian
2607:Memling
2597:Lilihan
2592:Holbein
2532:Bergama
2522:Bellini
2507:Arabian
2500:Carpets
2469:Turkmen
2464:Tibetan
2437:Varamin
2397:Mashhad
2392:Kurdish
2377:Kashmar
2357:Isfahan
2322:Ardabil
2302:Persian
2272:Lilihan
2262:Flokati
2257:Dhurrie
2242:Braided
2160:Aghajly
2145:Alcaraz
2135:Arabian
2053:Procion
2048:Inkodye
2015:History
1986:Saffron
1971:Logwood
1946:Gamboge
1926:Cudbear
1885:Pigment
1855:Solvent
1840:Natural
1790:Tie-dye
1785:Shibori
1756:Mordant
1751:Leheria
1585:Herball
1559::
1528:Pliny.
1321:Grossh.
1301:Hook.f.
1181:Pojark.
1161:Pojark.
1151:Ehrend.
921:Pojark.
911:Pojark.
771:Hook.f.
761:Schrenk
741:Pojark.
731:Ehrend.
711:Pojark.
671:Ehrend.
571:Pachom.
539:Species
476:Livorno
472:Trieste
464:England
452:garance
392:mummies
361:History
351:Georgia
256:, e.g.
229:of the
179:Genus:
173:Rubieae
169:Tribe:
139:Order:
81:Plantae
3505:PLANTS
3497:322051
3481:NZOR:
3370:128835
3357:128835
3282:194511
3279:APDB:
2926:Soumak
2911:Frieze
2854:Wilton
2779:Louvre
2747:Places
2661:People
2632:Sarouk
2577:Hereke
2572:Gabbeh
2567:Fitted
2562:Ersari
2527:Berber
2442:Zanjan
2432:Tabriz
2427:Shiraz
2412:Sarouk
2382:Kerman
2372:Kashan
2347:Gabbeh
2337:Bidjar
2307:Abadeh
2297:Petate
2282:Navajo
2277:Mughal
2230:Shedde
2140:Afghan
1976:Madder
1966:Kermes
1961:Indigo
1941:Fustic
1865:Sulfur
1766:Resist
1728:Kasuri
1716:Dyeing
1697:Dyeing
1642:
1566:Madder
1553:
1449:
1439:
1414:
1351:Decne.
1331:H.S.Lo
1271:d'Urv.
1201:H.S.Lo
1141:H.S.Lo
1131:H.S.Lo
1071:Boiss.
1041:Griff.
941:H.S.Lo
831:Bornm.
801:Boiss.
781:H.S.Lo
751:Turcz.
641:Bornm.
621:Decne.
591:Boiss.
468:Smyrna
448:France
406:Libyan
385:madder
355:Easter
254:madder
234:family
3572:Rubia
3510:RUBIA
3474:25473
3448:35144
3430:IRMNG
3409:82852
3396:10572
3344:1RBIG
3331:29700
3318:8W37Z
3305:40624
3295:83814
3271:Rubia
3241:Rubia
2959:Rubia
2916:Jajim
2652:Yomut
2647:Ushak
2622:Pirot
2612:Milas
2602:Lotto
2587:Konya
2491:Yürük
2474:Uzbek
2387:Kilim
2362:Jozan
2352:Heriz
2252:Chobi
2215:Kilim
2195:Ganja
2170:Arran
2043:Dylon
1956:Henna
1931:Cutch
1806:Yūzen
1711:Batik
1659:Rubia
1640:S2CID
1384:Rubia
1361:Diels
1341:Loes.
1281:ined.
1231:Craib
1171:Litv.
1121:Diels
1111:Elmer
1061:Diels
1021:Diels
821:Craib
811:Aiton
721:Danin
581:Wall.
525:beaks
521:claws
517:bones
466:from
440:Pliny
436:Rubia
428:Caria
422:) of
336:paint
306:ruber
299:Rubia
295:Rubia
242:herbs
227:genus
222:Rubia
184:Rubia
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
39:Rubia
3518:POWO
3469:NCBI
3443:ITIS
3417:IPNI
3391:GRIN
3378:GBIF
3339:EPPO
3290:APNI
2993:Dyes
2954:Pile
2921:Shag
2627:Quba
2402:Nain
2317:Arak
2312:Ahar
2220:Quba
2185:Chul
2128:Rugs
2006:Woad
2001:Weld
1845:Acid
1835:Dyes
1721:Ikat
1481:2009
1447:OCLC
1437:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1393:2014
1241:Kurz
533:cell
523:and
495:and
278:Uses
244:and
3544:WFO
3456:NBN
3365:FoC
3352:FNA
3326:EoL
3313:CoL
3121:Gul
2449:Rya
2407:Qom
2205:Jek
2058:Rit
1870:Vat
1632:doi
1568:".
1515:i.
1291:DC.
1101:DC.
507:or
438:of
349:In
324:dye
236:of
3568::
3546::
3533::
3520::
3507::
3494::
3471::
3458::
3445::
3432::
3419::
3406::
3393::
3380::
3367::
3354::
3341::
3328::
3315::
3292::
3267::
3252::
1638:.
1628:76
1626:.
1540:^
1520:^
1467:.
1445:.
1311:L.
1091:L.
691:L.
499:.
474:,
470:,
442:.
212:L.
190:L.
129::
116::
103::
90::
2113:e
2106:t
2099:v
1689:e
1682:t
1675:v
1646:.
1634::
1483:.
1453:.
1420:.
1395:.
1382:"
416:(
398:(
290:.
30:.
23:.
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