641:
1721:
1283:
839:
3446:
1210:
889:, also known in the Southern Hemisphere as half-back and first five-eighth respectively. The fly-half is crucial to a team's game plan, orchestrating the team's performance. They are usually the first to receive the ball from the scrum-half following a breakdown, lineout, or scrum, and need to be decisive with what actions to take and be effective at communicating with the outside backs. Many fly-halves are also their team's goal kickers. The scrum-half is the link between the forwards and the backs. They receive the ball from the lineout and remove the ball from the back of the scrum, usually passing it to the fly-half. They also feed the scrum and sometimes have to act as a fourth loose forward.
652:
most prestigious tours were the
Southern Hemisphere countries of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa making a tour of a Northern Hemisphere, and the return tours made by a joint British and Irish team. Tours would last for months, due to long traveling times and the number of games undertaken; the 1888 New Zealand team began their tour in Hawkes Bay in June and did not complete their schedule until August 1889, having played 107 rugby matches. Touring international sides would play Test matches against international opponents, including national, club and county sides in the case of Northern Hemisphere rugby, or provincial/state sides in the case of Southern Hemisphere rugby.
1244:
2469:
47:
3747:, also report people taking part in outreach and educational programs, or unregistered players. In the 2012 figures reported by the RFU they reported 1,990,988 people playing rugby in England, including 1,102,971 under 13s, 731,685 teens and 156,332 seniors. Some of those recorded would have experienced rugby via educational visits to schools, playing tag or touch rugby, rather than playing regularly for a club. The figures released in 2023 give an overall figure of those playing rugby union, or one of its variants, as 10,984,118, but also reports that of that total, 8.4 million are registered players, while 2.5 million are unregistered.
3122:
2308:
2085:, it has recorded numerous wins over all its 6N rivals with the exception of England, as well as defeating South Africa, Australia and Argentina in official matches. Before Italy's ascension, Romania enjoyed a period of success as their teams, backed by a supportive Communist government, regularly challenged the major European nations. The fall of Communism in Romania led to an era of steep decline from which Romania has yet to fully emerge, but it remains one of the most prominent of the second level European teams. Georgia, in the Caucasus, rose to prominence in the early 21st century; the traditional national game
2649:. As per Olympic rules, the nations of Scotland, Wales and England were not allowed to play separately as they are not sovereign states. In 1900, France won the gold, beating Great Britain 27 points to 8 and defeating Germany 27 points to 17. In 1908, Australia defeated Great Britain, claiming the gold medal, the score being 32 points to three. In 1920, the United States, fielding a team with many players new to the sport of rugby, upset France in a shock win, eight points to zero. In 1924, the United States again defeated France 17 to 3, becoming the only team to win gold twice in the sport.
1515:
2398:
1339:
3358:
33 per cent in Africa, 28 per cent in South
America and 18 per cent in Asia and North America. In 2023 the IRB published a breakdown of the total number of players worldwide by national unions. It recorded a total of 10.9 million players globally, of those, 8.4 million were registered members playing for a club affiliated to their country's union. The 2016 World Rugby Year in Review reported 8.5 million players, of which 3.2 million were registered union players and 1.9 million were registered club players; 22% of all players were female.
1150:"crossbar" 3 metres (3.3 yd) above the ground. The minimum height for posts' uprights is 3.4 metres (3.7 yd), with taller posts generally seen. The bottom parts of each upright are generally wrapped in purpose-made padding to protect players from injury when coming into contact with the posts and creating another opportunity for sponsors. Until a Law change by World Rugby in 2020, it was possible for an attacking player to score a try by grounding the ball against the base of the upright as the padding was considered an extension of the goal line.
905:(left and right). In the Southern Hemisphere, the inside centre is commonly referred to as the second five-eighth, while the outside centre is simply known as the centre. The centres will attempt to tackle attacking players; whilst in attack, they should employ speed and strength to breach opposition defences. The wings are generally positioned on the outside of the backline. Their primary function is to finish off moves and score tries. Wings are usually the fastest players in the team and are elusive runners who use their speed to avoid tackles.
511:
1478:), and is made up of four panels. The ball was historically made of leather, but in the modern era most games use a ball made from a synthetic material. World Rugby lays out specific dimensions for the ball, 280–300 mm (11–12 in) in length, 740–770 mm (29–30 in) in circumference of length and 580–620 mm (23–24 in) in circumference of width. Rugby boots have soles with studs to allow grip on the turf of the pitch. The studs may be either metal or plastic but must not have any sharp edges or ridges.
1988:
864:. The two flanker positions, known as the blindside flanker and openside flanker, are the final row in the scrum. They are usually the most mobile forwards in the game. Their main role is to win possession through 'turn overs'. The number 8 packs down between the two locks at the back of the scrum. The role of the number 8 in the scrum is to control the ball after it has been heeled back from the front of the pack, and the position provides a link between the forwards and backs during attacking phases.
937:
1182:, two extra time periods of 10 minutes periods are played (with an interval of 5 minutes in between) if the game is tied after full-time. If scores are level after 100 minutes then the rules call for 20 minutes of sudden-death extra time to be played. If the sudden-death extra time period results in no scoring a kicking competition is used to determine the winner. However, no match in the history of the Rugby World Cup has ever gone past 100 minutes into a sudden-death extra time period.
2607:(UAR) to join an expanded Four Nations tournament in 2012. The competition has been officially rechristened as The Rugby Championship beginning with the 2012 edition. The competition reverted to the Tri Nations' original home-and-away format, but now involving four teams. In World Cup years, an abbreviated tournament is held in which each team plays the others only once. In 2020, the "Tri Nations" format was temporarily revived due to the withdrawal of South Africa owing to the
1196:
1056:"Tram tracks/tramlines": Unnamed in the Laws and sometimes also referred to, confusingly, as the "5-metre" and "15-metre" lines, these two pairs of dashed lines are drawn parallel to each sideline, 5 metres and 15 metres, respectively, into the field of play from the nearer sideline, terminating at each of their respective ends' 5-metre line (parallel and adjacent to the goal line). The area between these lines are where players must stand when contesting a lineout throw.
774:
1412:, ruck or maul, not releasing the ball when on the ground, or being offside. The non-offending team has a number of options when awarded a penalty: a "tap" kick, when the ball is kicked a very short distance from hand, allowing the kicker to regather the ball and run with it; a punt, when the ball is kicked a long distance from hand, for field position; a place-kick, when the kicker will attempt to score a goal; or a scrum. Players may be sent off (signalled by a
11069:
2521:
2010:, and viewership has been sporadic. Historically, British and Irish home teams played the Southern Hemisphere teams of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, as well as France. The rest of Europe were left to play amongst themselves. During a period when it had been isolated by the British and Irish Unions, France, lacking international competition, became the only European team from the top tier to regularly play the other European countries; mainly
1436:
blood injury or has suffered a concussion, or permanently, if he is replacing a front-row forward. In international matches, eight replacements are allowed; in domestic or cross-border tournaments, at the discretion of the responsible national union(s), the number of replacements may be nominated to a maximum of eight, of whom three must be sufficiently trained and experienced to provide cover for the three front row positions.
9529:
2583:(England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) excluded France in 1931 amid a run of poor results, allegations of professionalism and concerns over on-field violence. France then rejoined in 1939–1940, though World War II halted proceedings for a further eight years. France has played in all the tournaments since WWII, the first of which was played in 1947. In 2000, Italy became the sixth nation in the contest and Rome's
1374:. The two hookers then compete for possession by hooking the ball backwards with their feet, while each pack tries to push the opposing pack backwards to help gain possession. The side that wins possession can either keep the ball under their feet while driving the opposition back, in order to gain ground, or transfer the ball to the back of the scrum where it can be picked up by the number 8 or by the scrum-half.
11079:
3643:
2142:
1393:
822:. The role of the two props is to support the hooker during scrums, to provide support for the jumpers during line-outs and to provide strength and power in rucks and mauls. The third position in the front row is the hooker. The hooker is a key position in attacking and defensive play and is responsible for winning the ball in the scrum. Hookers normally throw the ball in at line-outs.
4459:"1 October: The original Wallabies beat a strong Gloucestershire XV 16–0 at Kingsholm, 2 October: The Invincible Second All Blacks have their toughest tour assignment when they are considered lucky to scrape home 13–10 against a star-studded Newport XV, 2 October: Argentina serve notice of their rapidly rising rugby stock by beating a Cardiff side captained by Gerald Davies."
3378:
equalled by
England on 11 March 2017 with a win over Scotland at Twickenham. The highest scoring international match between two recognised unions was Hong Kong's 164–13 victory over Singapore on 27 October 1994. While the largest winning margin of 152 points is held by two countries, Japan (a 155–3 win over Chinese Taipei) and Argentina (152–0 over Paraguay) both in 2002.
3208:. Ten man rugby is a very conservative style of play, and not particularly entertaining for the spectator, but can be effective if a team has a strong pack and a good 10, and perhaps less effective backs. The term "ten man rugby" is somewhat derogatory, though most teams will employ these tactics to a degree, especially in foul weather, but usually not exclusively.
1175:
responsible for keeping time, even when—as in many professional tournaments—he is assisted by an official time-keeper. If time expires while the ball is in play, the game continues until the ball is "dead", and only then will the referee blow the whistle to signal half-time or full-time; but if the referee awards a penalty or free-kick, the game continues.
9521:
6892:
1050:"10-metre" lines: Dashed lines 10 metres either side of, and parallel to, the halfway line, designating the minimum distance a receiving team must retreat when receiving a kick-off, and the minimum distance a kick-off must travel to be legal. Equivalent to the 40-metre lines in rugby league but generally marked differently.
1053:"5-metre" lines: Dashed lines 5 metres into the field of play, parallel to each goal line. Scrums can be packed no nearer to each goal line than this line, and referees will often penalise scrum and ruck infringements in this area more harshly as defending sides will often try to stifle the attacking side's breakdown play.
1655:(formerly the Tri Nations before the entry of Argentina). Although UAR initially had no representation on the former SANZAR board, it was granted input into the organisation's issues, especially with regard to The Rugby Championship, and became a full SANZAAR member in 2016 (when the country entered Super Rugby).
4486:, p. 27 "When they arrived in this country they were regarded as an unknown quantity, but it was not anticipated that they would give the stronger British teams a great deal of opposition. The result of the very first match against Devon was regarded as a foregone conclusion by most British followers."
1493:, which are worn underneath socks. Bandages or tape can be worn to support or protect injuries; some players wear tape around the head to protect the ears in scrums and rucks. Female players may also wear chest pads. Although not worn for protection, some types of fingerless mitts are allowed to aid grip.
2691:
in
Bangkok, Thailand. In the 1998 and 2002 editions of the games, both the usual fifteen-a-side variety and rugby sevens were played, but from 2006 onwards, only rugby sevens was retained. In 2010, the women's rugby sevens event was introduced. The event is likely to remain a permanent fixture of the
2362:
In more recent times, the sport has been embraced by several
African nations. In the early 21st century Madagascar has experienced crowds of 40,000 at national matches, while Namibia, whose history of rugby can be dated from 1915, have qualified for the final stages of the World Cup seven times since
1076:
Unlike association football, where on-field advertising is strictly forbidden in the laws, World Rugby allows sponsors logos to be painted on the playing surface. This is another way in which clubs can make money in the professional era and is also often used by host nations, professional leagues and
1021:
A typical "field of play" is generally 100 metres long by 68–70 metres wide for senior rugby, depending on the specific requirements of each ground. The Laws require the field of play to be between 94 and 100 metres (103 and 109 yards) long, with a width of between 68 and 70 metres (74 and 77 yards).
991:
The Laws, above all, require that the playing enclosure's surface be safe, whilst also permitting grass, sand, clay, snow or conforming artificial turf to be used; the surface would generally be uniform across both the playing area and perimeter area, although depending on how large the perimeter is,
3357:
According to a 2023 report by the Centre for the
International Business of Sport, over ten million people play rugby union or one of its variants organised by the IRB. This is a significant increase since the previous report in 2011. The report also claimed that since 2011 participation has grown by
2503:
The Rugby World Cup has continued to grow since its inception in 1987. The first tournament, in which 16 teams competed for the title, was broadcast to 17 countries with an accumulated total of 230 million television viewers. Ticket sales during the pool stages and finals of the same tournament
2415:
in
Enniskillen, Ireland in 1887. Although there are reports of early women's matches in New Zealand and France, one of the first notable games to prove primary evidence was the 1917 war-time encounter between Cardiff Ladies and Newport Ladies; a photo of which shows the Cardiff team before the match
1059:
Additionally, the area between the two perpendicular sets of "5-metre" lines (i.e. 5 metres from each sideline and 5 metres from each goal line) is designated the "scrum zone". Where an offence occurs outside this area and the non-infringing side wishes to pack a scrum, the mark of the scrum will be
1038:
A pair of solid lines are also drawn perpendicular to the sidelines, 22 metres (formerly 25 yards) from each end of the field of play and called the 22-metre lines, or "22"s. An area at each end, also known as the "22", is bounded by, but does not include, the sidelines, goal line and 22-metre line.
3742:
As of 2014 the
International Rugby Board, now known as World Rugby, removed the total breakdown of world-wide player numbers by country, by age and gender to publish instead an overall figure for each nation. This document, titled '119 countries... 6.6 million players' adds the number of registered
1251:
The aim of the defending side is to stop the player with the ball, by tackling them, and either bringing them to ground (which is frequently followed by a ruck) or contesting for possession with the ball-carrier on their feet (a maul). A ruck or maul is called a breakdown, and each is governed by a
1158:
At the beginning of the game, the captains and the referee toss a coin to decide which team will kick off first. Play then starts with a dropkick, with the players chasing the ball into the opposition's territory, and the other side trying to retrieve the ball and advance it. The dropkick must make
1034:
The field of play is divided by a solid "halfway" line, drawn perpendicular to the sidelines at their midpoint. A 0.5m line is marked perpendicular to the halfway lines at its midpoint, designating the spot where the kickoffs shall be taken. The areas between each goal line and the halfway line are
834:
or lock forwards. Locks are usually the tallest players in the team and specialise as line-out jumpers. The main role of the lock in line-outs is to make a standing jump, often supported by the other forwards, to either collect the thrown ball or ensure the ball comes down on their side. Locks also
6884:
2594:
The Rugby
Championship is the Southern Hemisphere's annual international series for that region's top national teams. From its inception in 1996 through 2011, it was known as the Tri Nations, as it featured the hemisphere's traditional powers of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. These teams
2279:
Rugby in the Middle East and the Gulf States has its history in the 1950s, with clubs formed by
British and French Services stationed in the region after the Second World War. When these servicemen left, the clubs and teams were kept alive by young professionals, mostly Europeans, working in these
1117:
The perimeter area should be clear and free of obstructions and heavy, solid objects which could pose a danger to players for at least 5 metres from the playing area, according to the Laws. Players often leave the playing area whether accidentally or due to being forced off of the field, sometimes
1109:
When a ball or player goes into touch, a lineout throw is generally awarded to the opposition at the spot on the sideline where they left the field. Exceptions include a kick out "on the full" (i.e. the ball did not land in the field-of-play before going into touch) in which case the lineout would
651:
During the early history of rugby union, a time before commercial air travel, teams from different continents rarely met. The first two notable tours both took place in 1888—the British Isles team touring New Zealand and Australia, followed by the New Zealand team touring Europe. Traditionally the
573:
in England in which numerous clubs from Northern England resigned from the RFU over the issue of reimbursing players for time lost from their workplaces. The split highlighted the social and class divisions in the sport in England. Although the rules of the game were not a factor in the split, the
1126:
Also required in the perimeter area are a set of 14 flag posts, each with a minimum height of 1.2 metres, marking the intersections of certain lines or other nominated distances. These are generally a plastic pole on a spring loaded or otherwise soft base, sometimes with a flag on top, covered in
1077:
tournaments as additional revenue streams, particularly when games are broadcast. In recent years, augmented reality technology has been used to replace painting to protect the surface or save costs on painting fields, producing a similar effect for broadcast albeit sometimes with poorer results.
1068:
The Laws require the playing area to be rectangular in shape, however variations may be permitted with the approval of relevant unions. A notable example is Chatswood Oval in Sydney, Australia, an elliptically shaped cricket ground which is the home of Gordon rugby club, that has curved dead-ball
1435:
During the match, players may be replaced (for injury) or substituted (for tactical reasons). A player who has been replaced may not rejoin play unless he was temporarily replaced to have bleeding controlled; a player who has been substituted may return temporarily, to replace a player who has a
1315:
is awarded against the team which last touched the ball. Forward players from each team line up a metre apart, perpendicular to the touchline and between 5 and 15 m (5.5 and 16.4 yd) from the touchline. The ball is thrown from the touchline down the centre of the lines of forwards by a
1273:
Mauls occur after a player with the ball has come into contact with an opponent but the handler remains on his feet; once any combination of at least three players have bound themselves a maul has been set. A ruck is similar to the maul, but in this case the ball has gone to ground with at least
1234:
so that the ball first bounces in the field of play, the throw-in is taken where the ball went into touch. If the player kicks directly into touch (i.e. without bouncing in-field first) from within one's own 22-metre (24-yard) line, the lineout is taken by the opposition where the ball went into
1174:
of not more than 15 minutes in the middle. The sides exchange ends of the field after the half-time break. Stoppages for injury or to allow the referee to take disciplinary action do not count as part of the playing time, so that the elapsed time is usually longer than 80 minutes. The referee is
1072:
Where multiple sports share a field (e.g. a rugby league and a rugby union club sharing one field), lines may be overlaid on top of each other, sometimes in different colours. However, particularly for television, rugby union line markings are generally painted white. Some exceptions include the
987:
The referee (and their assistants) generally have full authority and responsibility for all players and other officials inside the playing enclosure. Fences or ropes (particularly at amateur clubs) are generally used to mark the extent of this area, although in modern stadia this may include the
872:
The role of the backs is to create and convert point-scoring opportunities. They are generally smaller, faster and more agile than the forwards. Another distinction between the backs and the forwards is that the backs are expected to have superior kicking and ball-handling skills, especially the
1400:
There are three match officials: a referee, and two assistant referees. The referees are commonly addressed as "Sir". The latter, formerly known as touch judges, had the primary function of indicating when the ball had gone into "touch"; their role has been expanded and they are now expected to
1260:
A player may tackle an opposing player who has the ball by holding them while bringing them to ground. Tacklers cannot tackle above the shoulder (the neck and head are out of bounds), and the tackler has to attempt to wrap their arms around the player being tackled to complete the tackle. It is
1085:
The in-goal areas sit behind the goal lines, equivalent to American football's "end zones". The in-goal areas must be between 6 and 22 metres (6.6 and 24.1 yards) deep and cover the full width of the field. A ball grounded in this area by an attacking player will generally result in a try being
1025:
As other football codes, such as association football and rugby league, have specified a preferred or standard 68 metre width, this is often used unless a ground has been specifically designed to accommodate a 70-metre rugby field. 100 metres is the typical length, with a line (see below) often
917:
is normally positioned several metres behind the back line. They often field opposition kicks and are usually the last line of defence should an opponent break through the back line. Two of the most important attributes of a good full-back are dependable catching skills and a good kicking game.
3377:
which is a second tier rugby nation, broke the record of consecutive international wins for second tier rugby nations. In 2016, the All Blacks of New Zealand set the new record 18 consecutive test wins among tier 1 rugby nations, bettering their previous consecutive run of 17. This record was
1365:
A scrum is formed by the eight forwards from each team crouching down and binding together in three rows, before interlocking with the opposing team. For each team, the front row consists of two props (loosehead and tighthead) either side of the hooker. The two props are typically amongst the
1011:
One "in-goal" area at each end of the field, each bounded by, but not including the extensions two parallel sidelines (known in this context as the "touch in-goal" lines) and the dead-ball line, and its other bound being the goal line (or "try line") which is included as part of the "in-goal"
1149:
Rugby goalposts are H-shaped and are situated in the middle of the goal lines at each end of the field. They consist of two vertical poles (known as "uprights"), generally made of steel or other metal but sometimes wood or a plastic, 5.6 metres (6.1 yd) apart, connected by a horizontal
3254:
1118:
sliding or needing to slow down from a sprint. Many venues at elite levels leave larger spaces around the field to accommodate fitter and faster (or heavier) players. Fixed cameras on tripods and advertising hoardings are often the main culprits for injuring players in the perimeter area.
2128:
In 1999, FIRA agreed to place itself under the auspices of the IRB, transforming itself into a strictly European organising body. Accordingly, it changed its name to FIRA–AER (Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur – Association Européenne de Rugby). It adopted its current name of
1443:
changed the law so that substitutions made to replace a player deemed unable to continue due to foul play by the opposition would no longer count against the match limit. This change was introduced in January of that year in the Southern Hemisphere and June in the Northern Hemisphere.
1064:
Generally, points where the dashed lines intersect other lines will be marked with a "T" or cross shape, although the extensions of dashed lines are generally not drawn within 5 metres of the goal lines or sidelines, to allow a clear demarcation of the field of play's boundaries.
4406:, p. ix "In the first century of rugby union's history the IRB only recognised matches with international status if both teams in a match came from a small pool of countries: Australia, British Lions, England, France, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales."
2598:
In 2006, a new system was introduced where each nation plays the others three times, though in 2007 and 2011 the teams played each other only twice, as both were World Cup years. Since Argentina's strong performances in the 2007 World Cup, after the 2009 Tri Nations tournament,
2089:
bore strong similarities to rugby union, meaning the country was naturally attracted to the sport upon independence, and the Georgians are now regarded as the top European nation below the traditional Six Nations, and even possibly on a par with Italy. Having qualified for the
759:, a country whose impressive performances in international games (especially finishing in third place in the 2007 Rugby World Cup) was deemed to merit inclusion in the competition. As a result of the expansion to four teams, the tournament was renamed The Rugby Championship.
2812:
Rugby union has been professionalised since 1995. Professionalism has brought mixed results, with grassroots participation falling and financial struggles in the professional arena. The following table shows professional and semi-professional rugby union competitions.
731:
Rugby union was an amateur sport until the IRB declared the game "open" in August 1995 (shortly after the completion of the 1995 World Cup), removing restrictions on payments to players. However, the pre-1995 period of rugby union was marked by frequent accusations of
1043:". Additionally, if the ball is kicked into touch by a player who had at least one foot on or behind their own 22-metre line, the line-out formed at the spot where the ball crossed the touch-line instead of being taken in line with the spot from where it was kicked.
1544:. As of February 2014, WR (then known as the IRB, for International Rugby Board) recorded 119 unions in its membership, 101 full members and 18 associate member countries. According to WR, rugby union is played by men and women in over 100 countries. WR controls the
3182:, (AFR), is a mixed gender, non-contact imitation of rugby union designed for American children entering grades K-9. Both American Flag Rugby and Mini Rugby differ from Tag Rugby in that they introduce more advanced elements of rugby union as the participants age.
691:
Rugby union was included as an event in the Olympic Games four times during the early 20th century. No international rugby games and union-sponsored club matches were played during the First World War, but competitions continued through service teams such as the
2121:, often associated with the Basque and Catalan regions near the French border, is also relatively strong in this context, having twice missed out on World Cup qualification by rule breaches having gained the points required, and hosting several large crowds for
2427:
The English-based Women's Rugby Football Union (WRFU), responsible for women's rugby in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, was founded in 1983, and is the oldest formally organised national governing body for women's rugby. This was replaced in 1994 by the
1323:
Both sides compete for the ball and players may lift their teammates. A jumping player cannot be tackled until they stand and only shoulder-to-shoulder contact is allowed; deliberate infringement of this law is dangerous play, and results in a penalty kick.
1357:
A scrum is a way of restarting the game safely and fairly after a minor infringement. It is awarded when the ball has been knocked or passed forward, if a player takes the ball over their own try line and puts the ball down, when a player is accidentally
1026:
marked at halfway with "50" on it, representing 50 metres from each goal line. The variations have been allowed in the Laws, possibly to accommodate older grounds (perhaps even pre-metrification when yards and feet were specified) and developing nations.
2595:
have dominated world rankings in recent years, and many considered the Tri Nations to be the toughest competition in international rugby. The Tri Nations was initially played on a home and away basis with the three nations playing each other twice.
801:
The main responsibilities of the forward players are to gain and retain possession of the ball. Forwards play a vital role in tackling and rucking opposing players. Players in these positions are generally bigger and stronger and take part in the
793:. There are typically significantly more forwards on the bench than backs with, for example, South Africa having a 7-1 split in favour of forwards in their August 2023 match against New Zealand in Twickenham. A 6-2 or 5-3 split is more common.
1366:
strongest players on the team. The second row consists of two locks and the two flankers. Behind the second row is the number 8. This formation is known as the 3–4–1 formation. Once a scrum is formed the scrum-half from the team awarded the
2252:. It was the first country outside the Commonwealth, Ireland and France to host the event, and was viewed by the IRB as an opportunity for rugby union to extend its reach, particularly in Asia. Other Asian playing countries of note include
1000:
For the most part, the "playing area" is where the majority of play occurs. The ball is generally considered live whilst in this area, so long as players do not infringe, with special rules applied to specific zones of the playing area.
300:, previously called the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) and the International Rugby Board (IRB), has been the governing body for rugby union since 1886, and currently has 116 countries as full members and 18 associate members.
1756:
recorded its first game: 'Banks' v 'City' in Buenos Aires. In turn, French and Argentinian travellers, particularly students, spread the Game beyond the British Empire, forming roots in particular in Italy, Romania, Uruguay and Chile.
1222:
Forward passing (throwing the ball ahead to another player) is not allowed; the ball can be passed laterally or backwards. The ball tends to be moved forward in three ways—by kicking, by a player running with it or within a scrum or
9922:
1903:
severed the conceptual link between the old world rugby codes and new world gridiron codes, and they are seldom now referred to as forms of rugby football. One lasting element of the link, the governing body of Canadian football,
723:
In 1987, the first Rugby World Cup was held in Australia and New Zealand, and the inaugural winners were New Zealand. The first World Cup Sevens tournament was held at Murrayfield in 1993. Rugby Sevens was introduced into the
295:
Rugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by people regardless of gender, age or size. In 2023, there were more than 10 million people playing worldwide, of whom 8.4 million were registered players.
1094:
The perimeter area is considered "out-of-bounds" for the ball and the players, normally resulting in the non-infringing team receiving possession of the ball at a restart. The perimeter area can be divided into two areas:
530:
attempting to carry their preferred rules through to their universities. A significant event in the early development of rugby football was the production of a written set of rules at Rugby School in 1845, followed by the
9680:
8580:
1580:. WR holds votes to decide where each of these events are to be held, except in the case of the Sevens World Series for men and women, for which WR contracts with several national unions to hold individual events.
6141:
2439:, first held in 1991; from 1994 through 2014, it was held every four years. After the 2014 event, the tournament was brought forward a year to 2017 to avoid clashing with other sporting cycles, in particular the
3948:
3946:
3177:
is a version in which the players wear a belt with two tags attached by velcro, the removal of either counting as a 'tackle'. Tag Rugby also varies in that kicking the ball is not allowed. Similar to Tag Rugby,
1159:
contact with the ground before being kicked. If the ball does not reach the opponent's 10-metre (11-yard) line 10 meters away, the opposing team has two choices: to have the ball kicked off again, or to have a
5540:
8448:
3943:
2508:
was contested by 94 countries with ticket sales of 3,850,000 over the pool and final stage. The accumulated television audience for the event, then broadcast to 200 countries, was a claimed 4.2 billion.
3164:, in which "tackles" are made by simply touching the ball carrier with two hands, is popular both as a training game and more formally as a mixed sex version of the sport played by both children and adults.
2343:. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the sport in Africa was spread by settlers and colonials who often adopted a "whites-only" policy to playing the game. This resulted in rugby being viewed as a
688:, as a response. After Morgan began singing, the crowd joined in: the first time a national anthem was sung at the start of a sporting event. In 1905 France played England in its first international match.
2499:
won the title three times (1987, 2011 and 2015), Australia have won twice (1991 and 1999), and England once (2003). England is the only team from the Northern Hemisphere to have won the Rugby World Cup.
982:
The "perimeter area", a clear space, free of obstructions such as fences and other objects which could pose a danger to players and officials (but not including marker flags, which are typically of soft
3982:
3760:", was first sung before baseball games in the mid-19th century, it did not become the official national anthem until 1931. In addition, the song's pregame use did not become customary until the 1920s.
2225:
forming in 1873. However, with the departure of a local British army regiment, interest in rugby diminished in the area. In 1878, The Calcutta Football Club was disbanded, and rugby in India faltered.
2098:
had a startlingly successful tournament, holding Georgia to an 18-18 draw, and performing strongly against Tier One sides Wales and Australia before an historic victory over eventual quarter-finalists
1073:
Wallabies (Australia's national team) who often have yellow markings. Local clubs may use black, yellow, or other colours on grass, with other surfaces possibly requiring different marking techniques.
856:
The back row, not to be confused with 'Backs', is the third and final row of the forward positions, who are often referred to as the loose forwards. The three positions in the back row are the two
736:", including an investigation in Britain by a House of Commons Select committee in early 1995. Following the introduction of professionalism trans-national club competitions were started, with the
319:. Historically rugby union was an amateur sport, but in 1995 formal restrictions on payments to players were removed, making the game openly professional at the highest level for the first time.
2229:
claims to have founded their union in 1878, and although little official information from the period is available, the team won the All-India cup in Madras in 1920. The first recorded match in
1748:. The spread of rugby union as a global sport has its roots in the exporting of the game by British expatriates, military personnel, and overseas university students. The first rugby club in
1039:
In this area, a defensive player who cleanly catches a ball kicked by the other team, without the ball having already touched the ground after the kick, is entitled to claim a free kick, or "
10103:
9930:
2297:
3957:
578:". The RFU's code thereafter took on the name "rugby union" to differentiate it from rugby league, but both versions of the sport are known simply as "rugby" throughout most of the world.
284:
in England in the first half of the 19th century. Rugby is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an
8822:
3743:
and unregistered players reported by each country. Some unions only report their registered players, i.e. those who play for an affiliated club or region. Other unions, such as England's
6171:
1405:(TMO; popularly called the "video referee"), to assist with certain decisions, linked up to the referee by radio. The referees have a system of hand signals to indicate their decision.
1320:) from the team that did not play the ball into touch. The exception to this is when the ball went out from a penalty, in which case the side who gained the penalty throws the ball in.
1102:"Touch-in-goal": The perimeter areas behind each goal line outside of the playing area. Some may refer to a ball which crosses the dead-ball lines as "dead", rather than touch-in-goal.
10033:
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1658:
National unions oversee rugby union within individual countries and are affiliated to WR. Since 2016, the WR Council has 40 seats. A total of 11 unions—the eight foundation unions of
781:
Each team starts the match with 15 players on the field and typically seven or eight substitutes but this varies at amateur level. The 15 players on the field are divided into eight
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1127:
foam padding. Others may be moulded plastic or disposable cardboard. At lower levels, these flags may not be used, but are still specified in the Laws. Flags are placed as follows:
1046:
Additional broken or dashed lines (of 5 metre dash lengths, according to the Laws) are drawn in each half or on each side of, the field, each with specific purposes under the Laws:
959:, scored by grounding the ball in the in-goal area (between the goal line and the dead-ball line), is worth 5 points and a subsequent conversion kick scores 2 points; a successful
2233:
was in 1892, but the first confirmation of rugby is the existence of the HMS Malaya Cup which was first presented in 1922 and is still awarded to the winners of the Malay sevens.
7230:
6517:
3954:"Rugby: Fastest growing sport in the U.S. also one of the oldest – Global Sport Matters, Rugby: Fastest growing sport in the U.S. also one of the oldest – Global Sport Matters"
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Rugby union has spawned several variants of the full-contact, 15-a-side game. The two most common differences in adapted versions are fewer players and reduced player contact.
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3409:. This crowd however is an estimate and contemporaneous newspaper accounts list a crowd of 80,000 only. The record attendance for a domestic club match is 99,124, set when
550:
left the FA followed by several other clubs that also favoured the "Rugby Rules". Although these clubs decided to ban hacking soon afterwards, the split was permanent, and
546:(kicking players in the shins), both of which were legal and common tactics under the Rugby School's rules of the sport. In protest at the imposition of the new rules, the
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assist the referee in a number of areas, such as watching for foul play and checking offside lines. In addition, for matches in high level competitions, there is often a
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5592:
2443:
competition. The Women's Rugby World Cup returned to a four-year cycle after 2017, with future competitions to be held in the middle year of the men's World Cup cycle.
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4977:
2571:. Each country plays the other five once. Following the first internationals between England and Scotland, Ireland and Wales began competing in the 1880s, forming the
9210:
8836:
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5532:
495:, played by the Romans, where two opposing teams competed to throw a large ball into an opposition net, fighting for possession of the ball. Medieval Irishmen played
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The 2019 Rugby World Cup took place in Japan between 20 September and 2 November. It was the ninth edition and the first time the tournament has been held in Asia.
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For the purposes of determining if a ball is "out-of-bounds" (i.e. has left the playing area), the perimeter area extends indefinitely away from the playing area.
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Asian Games due to elevation of rugby sevens as an Olympic sport from the 2016 Olympics onwards. The present gold medal holders in the sevens tournament, held in
8888:
1908:, was known as the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) as late as 1967, more than fifty years after the sport parted ways with the established rules of rugby union. The
8761:
3986:
1227:. Only the player with the ball may be tackled or rucked. A "knock-on" is committed when a player knocks the ball forward, and play is restarted with a scrum.
8123:
8034:
3272:
was formed after the Northern Union broke from the Rugby Football Union in a disagreement over payment to players. It went on to change its laws and became a
1235:
touch, but if the ball is kicked into touch directly by a player outside the 22-metre (24-yard) line, the lineout is taken level to where the kick was taken.
696:. During the Second World War no international matches were played by most countries, though Italy, Germany and Romania played a limited number of games, and
13627:
11776:
7359:
3352:
3348:
9612:
8474:
8170:
5314:
1702:—have one seat each. Finally, the chairman and vice chairman, who usually come from one of the eight foundation unions (although the current vice chairman,
711:
The first officially sanctioned international rugby sevens tournament took place in 1973 at Murrayfield, one of Scotland's biggest stadiums, as part of the
303:
In 1845, the first laws were written by students attending Rugby School; other significant events in the early development of rugby include the decision by
12548:
11505:
9243:
9061:
5566:
5510:
2185:; these efforts succeeded in 1951 with the formation of a national league and four clubs. Other South American countries that formed a rugby union include
1496:
It is the responsibility of the match officials to check players' clothing and equipment before a game to ensure that it conforms to the laws of the game.
626:
542:(FA) began codifying a set of universal football rules. These new rules specifically banned players from running with the ball in hand and also disallowed
9436:
3899:
3607:
In public art and sculpture, there are many works dedicated to the sport. There is a 27 feet (8.2 m) bronze statue of a rugby line-out by pop artist
12046:
11115:
6077:
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2046:, FIRA (Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur) was formed to organise rugby union outside the authority of the IRFB. The founding members were
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12515:
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11019:
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3143:, Scotland in 1883. In rugby sevens, there are only seven players per side, and each half is normally seven minutes. Major tournaments include the
2723:
2359:(modern-day Zimbabwe), which formed the Rhodesia Rugby Football Union in 1895 and became a regular stop for touring British and New Zealand sides.
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or when the ball is trapped in a ruck or maul with no realistic chance of being retrieved. A team may also opt for a scrum if awarded a penalty.
8814:
5169:
4891:
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Super Rugby peaked at 18 teams in 2016 and 2017, but reverted to 15 in 2018 with the loss of two teams from South Africa and one from Australia.
2668:, president of the International Rugby Board, said the Olympic gold medal would be considered to be "the pinnacle of our sport" (Rugby Sevens).
2177:
since the end of the 19th century, but the game was played regularly only from 1926, when São Paulo beat Santos in an inter-city match. It took
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The record attendance for a rugby union game was set on 15 July 2000 in which New Zealand defeated Australia 39–35 in a Bledisloe Cup game at
975:
According to World Rugby's Laws of the Game, a typical rugby ground, formally known as the "playing enclosure", is formed by two major zones:
13667:
13642:
10133:
9829:
9466:
8297:
6525:
4810:
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3314:'s similarity to the line-out as well as the underhand shooting style that dominated the early years of the sport. Naismith played rugby at
1485:, which are worn by almost all players, and are compulsory in some rugby-playing nations. Other protective items that are permitted include
12850:
12830:
12543:
11536:
10547:
10542:
10498:
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illegal to push, shoulder-charge, or to trip a player using feet or legs, but hands may be used (this being referred to as a tap-tackle or
634:
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in 1908. All three teams brought new styles of play, fitness levels and tactics, and were far more successful than critics had expected.
9360:
Collins, Tony (2011). "Chapter 1: National Myths, Imperial Pasts and the Origins of Australian Rules Football". In Wagg, Stephen (ed.).
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Any player may kick the ball forward in an attempt to gain territory. When a player anywhere in the playing area kicks indirectly into
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before 109,874 fans. The record attendance for a match in Europe of 104,000 (at the time a world record) was set on 1 March 1975 when
1536:
The international governing body of rugby union (and associated games such as sevens) is World Rugby (WR). The WR headquarters are in
955:
Rugby union is played between two teams – the one that scores more points wins the game. Points can be scored in several ways: a
655:
Between 1905 and 1908, all three major Southern Hemisphere rugby countries sent their first touring teams to the Northern Hemisphere:
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7709:
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The two South African teams that were dropped from Super Rugby after its 2017 season joined the renamed Pro14 for the 2017–18 season.
2785:
992:
other surfaces such as dirt, artificial turf, etc. may be used outside of a "sliding" perimeter from the bounds of the playing area.
660:
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1939:
is unknown, their first club Northern RFC was formed in 1923, a national team was playing by 1927 and due to a cancelled tour to
725:
551:
499:, carrying an inflated bladder and using arched trees as goals. The Welsh played an inter-parish game using a wooden ball called
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10155:
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awarded, unless there has been a previous infringement, or the player has gone out-of-bounds whilst in possession of the ball.
728:
in 1998 and was added to the Olympic Games of 2016. Both men and women's Sevens took place at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo.
675:
9798:
9122:
8348:
8236:
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1137:
One flag post positioned 2 metres outside of both of the sidelines, in line with both of the 22-metre lines (four flags total)
15420:
13762:
12619:
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4045:
3868:
3800:
2749:, and from that time through 2014 was held every four years. The New Zealand Women's team then won four straight World Cups (
2683:
who have won the competition on four successive occasions until South Africa beat them in 2014. Rugby union has also been an
2496:
1715:
56:
12845:
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9154:
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has been dominated by England, who have won the tournament on 14 occasions, including a run of seven consecutive wins from
2713:
2347:
sport by the indigenous people with limited appeal. Despite this, enclaves of black participation developed notably in the
1917:
1561:
6824:
1110:
still take place on the sideline but back in line with where the ball was kicked, or when a team takes a free kick from a
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games, but in the sevens, 4-day tournament format. This is something the rugby world has aspired to for a long time and
14514:
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13584:
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1936:
570:
312:
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shows two pairs of rugby players competing. Other French artists to have represented the sport in their works include
3467:, includes a rugby football match, also portrayed in the 1940s film of the same name. James Joyce mentions Irish team
3200:
and the full back are not usually used in attack; if they are, this is usually restricted to the inside centre on the
2364:
1209:
835:
have an important role in the scrum, binding directly behind the three front row players and providing forward drive.
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11598:
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5861:
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4209:
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1995:
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and line-out. The forwards are often collectively referred to as the 'pack', especially when in the scrum formation.
595:
10072:
8769:
8319:
5306:
3188:
is an extreme style of play in rugby union in which the team uses the power of its forwards to dominate possession,
3171:
is a version aimed at fostering the sport in children. It is played with only eight players and on a smaller pitch.
15435:
13235:
11975:
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10988:
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8026:
7800:
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2339:. South African settlers also brought the game with them to Namibia and competed against British administrators in
1876:
1467:
1140:
One flag post positioned 2 metres outside of both of the sidelines, in line with the halfway line (two flags total)
17:
12410:
8526:
3983:"Where Is Rugby the Most Popular Among Students: Comparison of US and UK Student Leagues | Love Rugby League"
3566:
both centre on fans attending a match. Films that explore the sport in more detail include independent production
2196:
1427:
after the match and have punishments (usually suspension for a number of weeks) imposed on the infringing player.
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8124:"NEW ZEALAND 11-12 SOUTH AFRICA: SPRINGBOKS CLAIM RECORD FOURTH WORLD CUP WITH NARROW WIN OVER 14-MAN ALL BLACKS"
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Argentina (2), Uruguay (1), Brazil (1), Chile (1), Paraguay (1), United States (1)
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International matches have taken place since 1871 when the first game was played between Scotland and England at
9769:
9072:
7145:"The New Zealand Rugby Injury and Performance Project: II. Previous injury experience of a rugby-playing cohort"
5502:
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2099:
2015:
1854:
1809:
751:, an annual international tournament involving Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, kicked off in 1996. In
8914:
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6069:
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at the Stade de France. South Africa has the highest number of World Cup wins: 4 (1995, 2007, 2019 and 2023).
526:. Major private schools each used different rules during this early period, with former pupils from Rugby and
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10796:
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7759:
6573:
2039:
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3339:, a full-contact sport which contains elements of rugby such as crossing a try line with the ball to score.
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10727:
7934:(Press release). International Rugby Board. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011
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who has played over 150 internationals. While the top scoring tier 1 international player is New Zealand's
3228:
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1423:
Occasionally, infringements are not caught by the referee during the match and these may be "cited" by the
470:
9891:
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2407:
Records of women's rugby football date from the late 19th century, with the first documented source being
1439:
Prior to 2016, all substitutions, no matter the cause, counted against the limit during a match. In 2016,
861:
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2059:
1608:, previously Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur – Association Européenne de Rugby (FIRA-AER)
1569:
1383:
503:. Frenchmen played soule and Georgians played lelo. "Football" as a game was well established by 1803 at
9231:
7026:
3860:
Australia's Asian Sporting Context, 1920s – 30s: Sport in the Global Society – Contemporary Perspectives
2355:. The earliest countries to see the playing of competitive rugby include South Africa, and neighbouring
1134:
One flag post at each intersection of the touch-in-goal lines and the dead-ball lines (four flags total)
882:
507:
and by the 1830s, "running in" with the ball in hand was allowed but subject to hacking and "collaring".
46:
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2730:. As of 2009 over six hundred women's internationals have been played by over forty different nations.
2436:
2257:
1801:
1691:
1686:—have two seats each. In addition, the six regional associations have two seats each. Four more unions—
1549:
950:
914:
11608:
2292:, the Gulf's leading rugby tournament, was created. Rugby remains a minority sport in the region with
2248:. The Japan RFU was founded in 1926 and its place in rugby history was cemented when Japan hosted the
1971:
is the top professional rugby union competition in the US and Canada. One American professional team,
1720:
1583:
Six regional associations, which are members of WR, form the next level of administration; these are:
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team visited Australia and New Zealand—although a private venture, it laid the foundations for future
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5533:"Bledisloe Cup 2018: 'Annoying' on-field advertising causes major distraction for television viewers"
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2777:, with a new four-year cycle from that point forward. New Zealand are the current World Cup holders.
2420:. Since the 1980s, the game has grown in popularity among female athletes, and by 2010, according to
2380:
2078:
2051:
1912:, the trophy awarded to the victorious team playing in the namesake championship of the professional
1773:
1695:
1632:
1557:
1247:
A rugby tackle must be below the neck with the aim of impeding or grounding the player with the ball.
857:
777:
A standard rugby union team formation illustrating each of the positions and their respective numbers
466:
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Several variants have been created to introduce the sport to children with a less physical contact.
2656:
voted with a majority of 81 to 8 that rugby union be reinstated as an Olympic sport in at least the
2379:. South Africa and Kenya are among the 15 "core teams" that participate in every event of the men's
2331:
by British soldiers garrisoned in Cape Town. The game spread quickly across the country, displacing
1916:(CFL), was originally awarded to the champion of the CRU. The two strongest leagues in the CRU, the
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1999. Other African nations to be represented in the World Rugby Rankings as Member Unions include
2269:
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2063:
2047:
1913:
1797:
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1683:
1282:
1265:). Tacklers may not tackle an opponent who has jumped to catch a ball until the player has landed.
1131:
One flag post at each intersection of the touch-in-goal lines and the goal-lines (four flags total)
967:
each score 3 points. The values of each of these scoring methods have been changed over the years.
831:
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in the Southern Hemisphere are other important international competitions that are held annually.
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1099:"Touch": The perimeter area beyond the sidelines of the playing area, but between the goal lines.
838:
752:
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390:, its growth occurring during the expansion of the British Empire and through French proponents (
220:
5450:
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Ireland (4), Wales (4), Scotland (2), Italy (2), South Africa (4)
2173:
in 1899, several other countries on the continent have a long history. Rugby had been played in
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2027:
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2011:
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As well as the Women's Rugby World Cup, there are also other regular tournaments (including a
2487:, a men's tournament that has taken place every four years since the inaugural event in 1987.
1875:
first club. The city of Montreal also played its part in the introduction of the sport in the
1540:, Ireland. WR, founded in 1886, governs the sport worldwide and publishes the game's laws and
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breakaway teams subsequently adopted some rule changes and this became the separate code of "
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3151:, both held in areas not normally associated with the highest levels of the 15-a-side game.
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5563:"A Guide to Rugby Pitch Dimensions, Sizes and Markings: Everything you ever needed to know"
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three attacking players binding themselves on the ground in an attempt to secure the ball.
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2800:; reigning champion France have won in each even-numbered year (2014, 2016, 2018) whilst
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at the centre of the half-way line. If the player with the ball is tackled, frequently a
1160:
474:
331:
274:
11162:
10454:
9286:
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2073:
Four European teams have had, at different times, notable success; the most successful,
1947:; introducing rugby to the island. Other Atlantic countries to play rugby union include
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Many Asian countries have a tradition of playing rugby dating from the British Empire.
1968:
1884:
1805:
1541:
684:
289:
14782:
8557:
7870:
7455:
7423:
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3919:
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2300:, as of 2019, being the only member unions from the Middle East to be included in the
1975:, formerly the MLR Glendale and Colorado Raptors, plays in the broadly South American
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2784:) run in parallel to the men's competition. The Women's Six Nations, first played in
2608:
2468:
2432:(RFUW) in England with each of the other Home Nations governing their own countries.
2417:
2272:
is notable within rugby for its development of the rugby sevens game, especially the
2154:
2055:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1671:
1667:
1636:
1631:(South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Argentina Rugby) is a joint venture of the
1413:
1008:
The 'field of play", bounded by (but not including) the sidelines and goal-lines, and
940:
Diagram of a rugby union playing field showing the various marked lines and distances
705:
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1972:
1815:
Several island nations have embraced the sport of rugby. Rugby was first played in
1481:
Protective equipment is optional and strictly regulated. The most common items are
1475:
1458:
The most basic items of equipment for a game of rugby union are the ball itself, a
927:
131:
9613:"Economic Impact Report on Global Rugby; Part III: Strategic and Emerging Markets"
9184:
8232:
6711:
5389:
2491:
are the reigning champions, having defeated New Zealand 11–12 in the final of the
1243:
979:
The "playing area", which includes the "field of play" and the two "in-goals", and
514:
Rugby School in Rugby, Warwickshire, with a rugby football pitch in the foreground
15251:
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1987:
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304:
52:
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11044:
10743:
7088:"There is far more to savour in European rugby union than just the Six Nations"
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in its own right. The two sports continue to influence each other to this day.
3248:
2773:. Following the 2014 event, World Rugby moved the next edition of the event to
2727:
1940:
1929:
1921:
1896:
1761:
619:
563:
400:
387:
327:
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had representative teams and in 1883 the first international competition, the
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2181:
several aborted attempts to adapt to rugby, led mainly by the efforts of the
2166:
2110:
1962:
1958:
1611:
1343:
1231:
803:
647:, captain of the New Zealand Army team, receiving the Kings Cup from George V
427:
375:
228:
9559:
4202:
Rugby's great split: class, culture and the origins of rugby league football
2150:
522:
is credited with having formed the first "football" team while a student at
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15261:
15181:
15171:
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13935:
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13200:
13015:
12983:
11956:
11667:
11152:
11142:
10953:
10857:
9707:"New Zealand sink Australia to make history with 18th consecutive Test win"
9211:"Allan Massie: Andrew misses target by putting boot in laws - The Scotsman"
8815:"Twenty-five years of professionalism: skill levels rise but at what cost?"
8093:
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3464:
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3100:
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1900:
1834:
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1111:
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454:
391:
343:
323:
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250:
180:
116:
31:
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14947:
14386:
9339:. Vol. 8. Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal: Grolier of Canada. p. 110.
7975:
7186:
7160:
5996:
5966:
5936:
5899:
5869:
5839:
3265:
drew inspiration from an early version of rugby he learnt at Rugby School.
2109:, whose first officially recorded match is marked by an encounter between
1195:
602:. Scotland won the game by one goal and one try to one goal. By 1881 both
350:. The sport is followed primarily in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France,
15364:
15146:
15139:
15086:
14777:
14772:
14732:
14672:
14584:
14535:
14492:
14343:
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14007:
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13358:
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13277:
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13049:
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10872:
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8323:
8143:
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6214:
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5252:
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5022:
3828:
3544:
3212:
3205:
3161:
3125:
3108:
2684:
2421:
2311:
1752:
was formed by British residents in Le Havre in 1872, while the next year
1648:
1505:
1459:
1440:
956:
741:
519:
339:
297:
204:
71:
9985:
7808:
7117:
4921:
2846:
New Zealand (5), Australia (5), Fiji (1), Pacific Islands (1)
773:
15384:
15289:
15284:
15233:
15201:
15191:
15156:
15134:
15024:
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13771:
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13267:
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13210:
13020:
12091:
11147:
10877:
10862:
10847:
8837:"Answers to dwindling Super crowds in NZ may offer clues for Australia"
8791:
5338:
Rugger Practice and Tactics – A Manual of Rugby Football Technique
4443:"Take a trip down memory lane courtesy of our historian John Griffiths"
3568:
3370:
3307:
3216:
3201:
3196:, and the kicking ability of its fly-half to attain position. The four
3168:
3155:
3116:
3104:
2906:
2520:
2397:
2102:. Portugal demonstrated significant fan support during the tournament.
2086:
2007:
1593:
1490:
1482:
1471:
462:
408:
285:
277:
185:
147:
12697:
10096:"RFU unveils iconic bronze of rugby line-out by sculptor Gerald Laing"
7142:
4324:. Christchurch, New Zealand: Canterbury University Press. p. 44.
2718:
Women's international rugby union began in 1982, with a match between
2547:
The Six Nations is an annual competition involving the European teams
2435:
The premier international competition in rugby union for women is the
15369:
15354:
15322:
15186:
15119:
15056:
15051:
14942:
14876:
14767:
14757:
14692:
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14574:
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14333:
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13272:
13225:
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10867:
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3601:
3426:
3410:
3402:
3311:
3262:
3174:
3112:
2994:
2344:
2162:
2081:
in 2000 as its sixth member, and while it remains the weakest of the
1826:
1699:
1489:; thin (not more than 10 mm thick), non-rigid shoulder pads and
1486:
1262:
1171:
964:
599:
492:
469:
of club teams from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa and Wales,
363:
335:
174:
9248:
8581:"Rugby sevens and golf ratified for 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro"
6862:
4842:"Amateur status attacked by MPs — Sport — The Independent"
4603:"Italy Tour – Stuttgart, 5 May 1940: Germany (0) 0–4 (4) Italy (FT)"
1420:) for foul play or repeated infringements, and may not be replaced.
1370:
rolls the ball into the gap between the two front-rows known as the
15327:
15124:
15091:
15029:
15019:
14989:
14952:
14937:
14901:
14866:
14841:
14809:
14804:
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14697:
14606:
14601:
14477:
14432:
14222:
13911:
13901:
13896:
13864:
13516:
12962:
12079:
8889:"Top 14 attendance records broken this season, according to league"
7902:"Namibia qualify for 2023 Rugby World Cup with 36-0 win over Kenya"
4633:"Romania Tour – Milan, 2 May 1942: Italy (8) 22–3 (0) Romania (FT)"
4102:
3422:
2336:
1909:
1408:
Common offences include tackling above the shoulders, collapsing a
1351:
510:
465:
in South Africa. Other transnational club competitions include the
396:
3600:'s attempt to use the sport to connect South Africa's people post-
1841:, other countries to have national rugby teams in Oceania include
1706:, is with the non-foundation Argentine union) have one vote each.
15337:
15317:
15246:
15241:
15114:
15066:
14999:
14957:
14836:
14717:
14504:
14442:
14437:
14353:
14177:
13985:
13891:
13869:
13859:
13531:
13287:
12931:
12375:
10897:
10712:
8519:
3253:
3003:
2600:
2529:
2411:'s writings, in which she states that she set up a rugby team in
1829:
on Viti Levu island. Fiji then sent their first overseas team to
1725:
1628:
671:
603:
355:
15004:
3433:
near Paris due to scheduling conflicts with France's hosting of
3121:
558:" whilst the clubs that had favoured the Rugby Rules formed the
15359:
15176:
15161:
15061:
14846:
14633:
14526:
14509:
14472:
14462:
14427:
14217:
14197:
14156:
14121:
13945:
13541:
13398:
13353:
12998:
12098:
11949:
10478:
4573:"Italy Tour – Bucharest, 14 April 1940: Romania 3–0 Italy (FT)"
3386:
3373:, who has amassed 1442 points during his career. In April 2010
2954:
2890:
2575:. France joined the tournament in the 1900s; in 1910, the term
2352:
2335:
as the sport of choice in South Africa and spreading to nearby
2003:
1537:
1178:
In the knockout stages of rugby competitions, most notably the
500:
450:
383:
347:
13740:
12451:
Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Montenegro, Serbia
10484:
9832:[By beating Toulon, Racing 92 is champion of France].
9830:"En battant Toulon, le Racing 92 est sacré champion de France"
3158:(10s or Xs), a Malaysian invention with ten players per side.
3139:(sometimes 7s or VIIs), a fast-paced game which originated in
2141:
1825:
by European and Fijian soldiers of the Native Constabulary at
1736:, the country of inception, and the other three Home Nations,
1392:
394:) in Europe. Countries that have adopted rugby union as their
288:
on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped
15166:
15129:
14540:
13975:
13782:
11994:
4381:. International Rugby Board. 23 November 2008. Archived from
2603:(South Africa, New Zealand and Australian Rugby) invited the
2525:
2006:
outside the 6 Nations countries in terms of playing numbers,
1800:
in 1864; while the sport was said to have been introduced to
1777:
607:
420:
416:
412:
371:
367:
8116:
6495:
1602:, formerly North America Caribbean Rugby Association (NACRA)
14707:
14702:
14658:
14381:
14207:
13997:
13491:
13150:
13087:
11791:
10472:
10466:
10322:
Oxford v Cambridge, The Story of the University Rugby Match
8199:
6797:
4711:"I.O.C. Decision Draws Cheers and Complaints From Athletes"
4173:
4011:. International Rugby Board. 23 August 2007. Archived from
3700:, a merger of the IRB and International Rugby Halls of Fame
3623:. Rugby players to have been honoured with statues include
3493:. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, in his 1924 Sherlock Holmes tale
2544:, held in Europe and the Southern Hemisphere respectively.
1765:
1760:
Eight countries have adopted rugby union as their de facto
1416:) or temporarily suspended ("sin-binned") for ten minutes (
674:
before each match, leading Welsh Rugby Union administrator
404:
11123:
6142:"Peter Bills: Refereeing protocol rules over common sense"
1338:
12578:
11248:
8671:"Commonwealth Games: NZ win sevens as England miss medal"
8641:"Commonwealth Games 2010: Form guide – rugby sevens"
8542:
8540:
8538:
8536:
7740:. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011
5555:
7261:
7236:. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. 2010. Archived from
2424:, women's rugby was being played in over 100 countries.
10250:
Brown, Mathew; Guthrie, Patrick; Growden, Greg (2010).
3499:, mentions that Dr Watson played rugby for Blackheath.
637:
brought the first overseas team to British spectators.
10520:
10198:. Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal: Grolier of Canada. 1972.
9793:
9791:
9770:"Games where 100 or more points were scored by a team"
8533:
8343:
8341:
7968:"Emily Valentine: First Lady of Irish And World Rugby"
3306:
took aspects of many sports including rugby to invent
445:
National club and provincial competitions include the
12885:
1982 Netherlands v France (women's rugby union match)
9583:"They're game: Rugby team willing to play all takers"
9387:
A Game of Our Own: The Origins of Australian Football
8056:
8054:
8052:
6979:"USA Rugby Reaction to World Rugby Governance Reform"
6305:"World Rugby introduces new rules to stop simulation"
3353:
List of top scoring international rugby union players
3349:
List of top rugby union players by international caps
2483:
The most important competition in rugby union is the
2105:
Other European rugby playing nations of note include
1871:
In North America, a club formed in Montreal in 1868,
682:
lead the crowd in singing the Welsh National Anthem,
9334:
8915:"DHL Stormers just short in Vodacom URC Grand Final"
7999:
Cardiff Rugby Club, History and Statistics 1876–1975
4098:"Six ways the town of Rugby helped change the world"
3638:
1614:, formerly Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions (FORU)
818:(the loosehead prop and the tighthead prop) and the
434:, first held in 1987, is held every four years. The
334:, with other early exponents of the sport including
10487: – news, match reports and statistics database
10469: – official site of the sport's governing body
10331:
The Official World Encyclopedia of Sports and Games
10249:
10011:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 215.
9788:
8863:"Record attendance numbers for Japanese Top League"
8338:
8094:"Women's Rugby World Cup 2017 Tender Process Opens"
7283:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 782.
7143:Gerrard, D. F.; Waller, A. E.; Bird, Y. N. (1994).
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
5654:
The Official World Encyclopedia of Sports and Games
5293:
5172:. Rugby Coaching. 27 September 2011. Archived from
3925:"U.S Rugby Scholarships – U.S. Sports Scholarships"
3429:. The match had been moved from its normal site of
2446:
625:Two important overseas tours took place in 1888: a
477:in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.
10349:
10298:
9618:. Centre for the International Business of Sport,
8049:
4704:
4702:
3543:at the Amsterdam Olympics was won by Luxembourg's
3483:(1939), while his 1916 semi-autobiographical work
2614:
2288:founded its union a year later, while in 1975 the
7795:
7793:
5589:"World Rugby alter Law 8.2(a): Try against posts"
4978:""The Rugby Championship" to replace Tri Nations"
3298:other games originating in English public schools
2679:in Kuala Lumpur. The most gold medal holders are
1887:in 1874. The two variants of gridiron football —
1732:The earliest countries to adopt rugby union were
1430:
1170:Games are divided into 40-minute halves, with an
15402:
12523:
10352:A Game for Hooligans: The History of Rugby Union
10296:
9606:
9604:
8732:"Women's Rugby: Beautiful Side of a Brtual Game"
8130:
7346:
6554:. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013
6437:
4343:
4341:
4037:A Game for Hooligans: The History of Rugby Union
3719:History of the England national rugby union team
3286:are derived from early forms of rugby football.
2796:. However, since then, England have won only in
1620:, formerly Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby (
718:
219:Worldwide (most popular in certain European and
10280:The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records
10231:
9764:
9762:
9412:Tom Wills: His Spectacular Rise and Tragic Fall
9301:
9013:
9011:
8933:
8907:
7732:"HSBC join Cathay as Hong Kong Sevens sponsors"
6915:"SANZAAR Boss Peters defends TriNations timing"
4699:
4532:Cyphers, Luke; Trex, Ethan (8 September 2011).
3233:Comparison of American football and rugby union
2633:Rugby union was played at the Olympic Games in
2199:is the professional Rugby union competition in
1590:, formerly Confederation of African Rugby (CAR)
1510:Timeline of foundation of national rugby unions
1114:where they would retain the right to throw-in.
1069:lines to maximise the available in-goal space.
10319:
10065:"South Africa 'rugby unity': Fact and fiction"
9498:Fotboll: hur världens största sport växte fram
9056:
9054:
9052:
8792:"Ireland to host Women's Rugby World Cup 2017"
8471:"Argentina invited to join Tri-Nations series"
8431:Nauright, John; Zipp, Sarah (3 January 2020).
8262:
8260:
8258:
8256:
8254:
7790:
7085:
6885:"Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby (CONSUR)"
4467:
4465:
4072:
4060:
3361:The most capped international player from the
2707:
2591:as the venue for their home games since 2013.
2524:Griffins RFC Kotka, the rugby union team from
1860:
1311:When the ball leaves the side of the field, a
1035:known as "halves" as in other football codes.
988:entire arena floor or other designated space.
670:The New Zealand 1905 touring team performed a
614:had begun. 1883 is also the year of the first
190:Kicking tee (optional) (often used by kickers)
13756:
12947:
12509:
11777:
11109:
10728:
10506:
9601:
9330:
9328:
8001:. Risca: The Starling Press. pp. 70–71.
5201:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
4733:
4338:
4297:. The British and irish Lions. Archived from
4231:Five Epochs of Civilization: Chapter 7 (2000)
4066:
3756:Although the United States national anthem, "
3664:, now merged with the former IRB Hall of Fame
1808:in 1870, who played rugby while a student at
881:The half-backs consist of two positions, the
814:The front row consists of three players: two
10297:Jones, John R; Golesworthy, Maurice (1976).
10261:The Guinness Book of Rugby Facts & Feats
10034:"How Nelson Mandela won the rugby World Cup"
9759:
9362:Myths and Milestones in the History of Sport
9185:"Rugby Union/Rugby League Phrase Guide v4.6"
9090:
9008:
8497:"IRB welcomes Argentina Four Nations Invite"
8430:
8027:"Great potential for Women's Rugby in Japan"
7696:
7694:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6734:"African Rugby unveils blueprint for growth"
6518:"Russia to host 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens"
6062:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5748:
5746:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
4199:
3856:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3222:
2221:began playing rugby in the early 1870s, the
1596:, formerly Asian Rugby Football Union (ARFU)
897:There are four three quarter positions: two
538:Formed in 1863, the national governing body
10481: – news, fixtures, match reports, etc.
9489:
9049:
8408:. 365 Media. 26 August 2010. Archived from
8251:
8207:"Hosting the First Rugby World Cup in Asia"
6267:
6245:"European Club Rugby: Key Tournament Rules"
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
4910:
4531:
4462:
4417:"New Zealand Natives' rugby tour of 1888–9"
4204:(2nd ed.). Routlage. pp. 87–120.
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
3668:International rugby union eligibility rules
2807:
2532:, playing in the Rugby-7 Tournament in 2013
1674:, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and
1029:
755:, this competition was extended to include
13763:
13749:
12954:
12940:
12516:
12502:
11784:
11770:
11116:
11102:
10735:
10721:
10513:
10499:
10397:
10258:
10240:
10093:
9737:"Six Nations 2017: England 61–21 Scotland"
9325:
9096:
8529:(Press release). SANZAAR. 16 October 2020.
7856:
7784:
7772:
7654:
7642:
7630:
7618:
7580:
7568:
7556:
7544:
7501:
7400:
7388:
7303:
7012:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5787:
5785:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5475:
5418:
5281:
5237:
5188:
5045:
4661:
4559:
4483:
4471:
4379:"IRB Hall of Fame Welcomes Five Inductees"
4281:
4155:
4084:
4054:
3890:"The world awaits for Canada's rugby team"
3241:Comparison of rugby league and rugby union
2165:is the best-known rugby playing nation in
845:(far left) in number eight position before
12206:Japan Company Rugby Football Championship
10277:
10009:Wales and Cinema, The First Hundred Years
8794:(Press release). World Rugby. 13 May 2015
7691:
7176:
7057:"Scene set for an exciting Junior Trophy"
7001:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6332:
6330:
6097:
6095:
5914:
5743:
5443:
5335:
5329:
5092:
4941:
4939:
4403:
4200:Tony Collins (2006). "Schism 1893–1895".
4169:"History of Football – The Global Growth"
3887:
3714:History of the English rugby union system
3342:
2536:Major international competitions are the
1377:
562:in 1871, and their code became known as "
10347:
9827:
9610:
9574:
9409:
9244:"RT Sport: Six Nations - Player Ratings"
8954:"Touch rugby league growing in Brisbane"
8163:
8136:
7932:"Teams announced for Gold Coast kickoff"
7280:The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales
6943:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6764:"HSBC extends commitment to Asian rugby"
6421:. coaching toolbox.co.nz. Archived from
5826:
5824:
5304:
5125:
4275:
4140:
4033:
3709:List of rugby union stadiums by capacity
3673:International rugby union player records
3489:has an account of Ireland international
3444:
3252:
3120:
2519:
2467:
2396:
2306:
2140:
1986:
1719:
1513:
1391:
1337:
1281:
1242:
935:
837:
772:
639:
635:1888–89 New Zealand Native football team
509:
233:Part of the Summer Olympic programme in
10328:
10320:Marshall, Howard; Jordon, J.P. (1951).
10241:Bompa, Tudor; Claro, Frederick (2008).
10232:Biscombe, Tony; Drewett, Peter (2009).
10062:
9681:"Statsguru/Test matches/Player records"
9500:. Lund: Historiska media. p. 203.
9495:
9384:
9359:
9313:
8762:"Rugby's prized trophies going on tour"
8729:
7871:"Madagascar rugby inspires new passion"
6614:"Chile to host IRB Junior World Trophy"
6194:
6011:
5782:
5670:
5651:
5645:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4839:
4759:
3688:List of oldest rugby union competitions
3683:List of international rugby union teams
3560:and the 1979 BBC Wales television film
3486:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
3310:. The most obvious contribution is the
2515:
2476:to commemorate France's hosting of the
581:
14:
15403:
10398:Thomas, J.B.G.; Rowe, Harding (1954).
10374:
10263:. Enfield: Guinness Superlatives Ltd.
10031:
9580:
9319:
8951:
8812:
8611:"Golf & rugby voted into Olympics"
8373:
7996:
7666:
7513:
7315:
7155:(4). British Medical Journal: 229–33.
7024:
6366:
6327:
6092:
5656:. London: Diagram Group. p. 394.
5109:. talkrugbyunion.co.uk. Archived from
4948:"Union's off-field game a real winner"
4945:
4936:
4765:
4747:from the original on 18 September 2018
4233:. worldhistorysite.com. Archived from
4040:. Random House. pp. Chapter one.
3931:from the original on 15 September 2021
3822:"119 countries... 8.4 million players"
3816:
3814:
3812:
3678:International rugby union team records
3154:A more recent variant of the sport is
2745:. The second tournament took place in
2625:Rugby sevens at the Commonwealth Games
2472:A giant rugby ball suspended from the
2386:
2276:tournament which was founded in 1976.
2115:Moscow Institute of Physical Education
1935:Although the exact date of arrival of
1926:Western Interprovincial Football Union
1833:in 1924, who in turn set up their own
1185:
762:
13744:
12935:
12497:
12035:All-Japan Rugby Football Championship
11765:
11097:
10716:
10494:
10136:from the original on 4 September 2015
10075:from the original on 10 December 2013
10006:
9892:"The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire"
9809:from the original on 20 November 2018
9435:Wolff, Alexander (25 November 2002).
9434:
9414:. Allen & Unwin. pp. 17–47.
9364:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8–31.
9274:
8869:from the original on 24 December 2021
8681:from the original on 9 September 2014
8651:from the original on 9 September 2014
8578:
7899:
7868:
7838:from the original on 22 February 2012
7211:from the original on 21 February 2014
7124:from the original on 24 December 2017
7037:from the original on 30 December 2005
6812:
6139:
5821:
5478:"Laws of the Game | World Rugby Laws"
5421:"Laws of the Game | World Rugby Laws"
5400:from the original on 15 November 2018
5150:from the original on 21 February 2013
4708:
4643:from the original on 12 November 2019
4613:from the original on 12 November 2019
4583:from the original on 12 November 2019
4449:from the original on 27 December 2012
4423:from the original on 23 February 2013
4224:
3554:In film, Ealing Studios' 1949 comedy
3324:was a code whose rules were a mix of
2268:, while the former British colony of
1716:List of rugby union playing countries
951:History of rugby union § Scoring
873:fly-half, scrum-half, and full-back.
491:Primitive forms of football included
12805:World Rugby Sevens Challenger Series
12231:Scottish Inter-District Championship
11078:
10301:Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football
10212:
9951:
9862:"Bective Rangers – James Joyce"
9307:
8939:
8825:from the original on 25 August 2023.
8711:from the original on 21 October 2012
8477:from the original on 25 October 2012
8300:from the original on 6 February 2013
8274:from the original on 8 November 2021
8151:from the original on 5 November 2019
7712:from the original on 12 January 2016
7600:from the original on 8 December 2015
7526:from the original on 22 October 2011
7476:
7328:from the original on 9 February 2011
6976:
5591:. Americas Rugby News. 12 May 2020.
5513:from the original on 1 December 2021
5000:
4319:
4263:from the original on 13 January 2018
4227:"A Short History of Civilization IV"
3960:from the original on 1 November 2021
3902:from the original on 29 January 2013
3780:
3237:Origins of Australian rules football
2671:Rugby sevens has been played at the
1998:in a World Cup qualifier, April 2006
1932:, evolved into the present day CFL.
1918:Interprovincial Rugby Football Union
1899:, but the introduction of the legal
921:
590:was played on 27 March 1871 between
571:a major schism within rugby football
14458:Indigenous North American stickball
12800:Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics
12722:IRFU Women's Interprovincial Series
12549:International rugby results summary
10259:Godwin, Terry; Rhys, Chris (1981).
10063:Fihlani, Pumza (11 December 2009).
9902:from the original on 11 August 2011
9019:"A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union"
8730:Dolidze, Giorgi (5 February 2009).
8503:. 14 September 2009. Archived from
8402:"Preview: South Africa v Australia"
8268:"Six Nations Championship: History"
8213:from the original on 12 August 2017
8021:
7098:from the original on 13 August 2021
7086:Kitson, Robert (11 February 2014).
6944:Mortimer, James (9 November 2011).
6594:from the original on 1 October 2017
6524:. 15 September 2011. Archived from
5615:"Law 13 Kick-off and Restart Kicks"
5569:from the original on 16 August 2019
5543:from the original on 18 August 2021
5431:from the original on 14 August 2021
5307:"Scottish rugby welcomes back Lomu"
5245:"A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union"
5207:"A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union"
5062:"A Beginner's Guide to Rugby Union"
4817:. 29 September 1947. Archived from
4721:from the original on 27 August 2012
4445:. espnscrum.com. 23 November 2008.
4257:"Historical Rugby Milestones 1870s"
4034:Richards, Huw (30 September 2011).
3888:Scianitti, Matthew (18 June 2011).
3857:Brawley, Sean; Guoth, Nick (2013).
3809:
3615:and one of rugby administrator Sir
3496:The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire
3471:in several of his works, including
3211:Other less formal variants include
2240:in 1899 by two Cambridge students:
1792:A rugby club was formed in Sydney,
1499:
1060:moved into the zone by the referee.
24:
12961:
12910:First cross-continental tournament
12201:Irish Interprovincial Championship
12156:Australian Provincial Championship
10742:
10522:Oceania Rugby Junior Championships
10126:"Statue of Sir Tasker is unveiled"
10094:Kilvington, Joanna (2 June 2010).
9747:from the original on 11 March 2017
9552:"Introduction to Wheelchair Rugby"
9335:John Everett Robbins, ed. (1972).
8964:from the original on 24 April 2013
8527:"Green light for 2020 Tri-Nations"
8434:Routledge Handbook of Global Sport
8239:from the original on 28 March 2013
8180:. 2010. p. 74. Archived from
7881:from the original on 12 April 2013
7702:"England will host 2015 World Cup"
7316:Davies, Sean (29 September 2006).
7149:British Journal of Sports Medicine
6740:. 24 December 2010. Archived from
6588:"Women's Sevens World Series News"
6419:"Protect Your Assets: Mouthguards"
6043:. pp. 138–150. Archived from
5802:. pp. 117–137. Archived from
5754:"Law 12 Knock-on or Throw Forward"
5595:from the original on 20 March 2023
5305:Ferguson, David (7 January 2006).
4741:"Tokyo 2020 Olympic Sports: Rugby"
4295:"1888 Australia & New Zealand"
4128:from the original on 15 April 2020
4110:from the original on 4 March 2014.
2621:Rugby union at the Summer Olympics
2457:
1937:rugby union in Trinidad and Tobago
1622:South American Rugby Confederation
1153:
588:first rugby football international
27:Team sport, code of rugby football
25:
15462:
12544:List of rugby sevens competitions
12191:European Rugby Continental Shield
10460:
10106:from the original on 27 July 2013
9842:from the original on 27 June 2016
9828:Bergogne, Romain (24 June 2016).
9713:. 22 October 2016. Archived from
9532:from the original on 28 July 2020
9191:from the original on 9 April 2005
8813:Kitson, Robert (25 August 2020).
8768:. 6 February 2011. Archived from
8621:from the original on 8 March 2013
8451:from the original on 29 June 2023
8322:. rbs6nations.com. Archived from
8137:Tremlett, Sam (2 November 2019).
8104:from the original on 9 March 2020
8062:"Women's Rugby World Cup history"
8037:from the original on 8 March 2020
7974:. 20 January 2010. Archived from
7912:from the original on 10 July 2022
7829:
7679:from the original on 1 March 2014
7669:"Eastern Promise: Japanese rugby"
7667:Davies, Sean (12 February 2007).
7594:"The History of the Calcutta Cup"
7514:Davies, Sean (16 November 2009).
6895:from the original on 28 July 2020
6770:. 19 January 2011. Archived from
5995:. p. 19.8(p). Archived from
5898:. p. 10.4(g). Archived from
5868:. p. 10.4(d). Archived from
5838:. p. 10.4(e). Archived from
5727:. 7 December 2013. Archived from
5317:from the original on 16 June 2013
5294:Brown, Guthrie & Growden 2010
4513:from the original on 29 June 2011
4497:"The anthem in more recent years"
4359:from the original on 22 July 2013
3985:. 17 October 2020. Archived from
3838:from the original on 17 June 2015
2714:Women's international rugby union
2327:In 1875, rugby was introduced to
2280:countries. The official union of
1943:in 1933, switched their venue to
1724:Japanese and Welsh rugby fans in
1089:
892:
12826:Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series
12047:National Provincial Championship
11713:IRB Women's Sevens Challenge Cup
11435:Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series
11077:
11068:
11067:
10324:. London: Clerke & Cockeran.
10148:
10118:
10087:
10056:
10032:Carlin, John (19 October 2007).
10025:
10000:
9970:
9945:
9920:
9914:
9884:
9854:
9821:
9729:
9699:
9683:. ESPN Scrum.com. Archived from
9673:
9661:from the original on 7 July 2017
9641:
9611:Chadwick, Simon (5 April 2011).
9544:
9514:
9459:
9428:
9403:
9378:
9353:
9268:
9236:
9225:
9203:
9177:
9147:
9115:
9101:. London: Partridge. p. 2.
9030:. pp. 14–15. Archived from
8976:
8945:
8881:
8829:
8806:
8784:
8754:
8742:from the original on 22 May 2013
8723:
8693:
8663:
8633:
8603:
8572:
8548:"Rugby in the Olympics: History"
8489:
8463:
8424:
8394:
8382:from the original on 18 May 2013
8367:
8312:
8286:
8225:
8086:
8015:
7990:
7960:
7924:
7893:
7862:
7850:
7823:
7778:
7766:
7724:
7660:
7648:
7636:
7624:
7612:
7586:
7574:
7562:
7550:
7538:
7507:
7495:
7481:. Oxford: Berg. pp. 79–94.
7470:
7438:
7406:
7394:
7382:
7352:
7340:
7309:
7297:
7255:
7223:
7201:"Sititi targets pool's big fish"
7193:
7136:
7110:
7079:
7049:
7025:Davies, Sean (13 October 2005).
7018:
6970:
6937:
6907:
6877:
6847:
6786:
6756:
6726:
6696:
6666:
6636:
6620:. 31 August 2007. Archived from
6392:. pp. 41–44. Archived from
6347:. pp. 31–32. Archived from
6315:from the original on 5 June 2016
6281:. 19 August 2009. Archived from
6275:"IRB acts on uncontested scrums"
6218:. pp. 66–74. Archived from
6114:. pp. 48–57. Archived from
5763:. pp. 81–83. Archived from
5698:. pp. 45–47. Archived from
5626:. pp. 85–91. Archived from
5363:. pp. 62–65. Archived from
4958:from the original on 1 June 2013
4009:"Madagascar take Sevens honours"
3662:International Rugby Hall of Fame
3641:
3204:, and chasing kicks, especially
3081:
3072:
2940:National Provincial Championship
2817:Professional rugby competitions
2573:Home International Championships
2453:List of rugby union competitions
2447:Major international competitions
2136:
1965:and sport in general in the US.
1895:— were once considered forms of
1474:is oval in shape (technically a
1208:
1194:
1080:
1016:
970:
622:, which is still held annually.
45:
13770:
12901:1988 Women's Rugby European Cup
12846:Sudamérica Rugby Women's Sevens
11430:Asia Rugby Women's Championship
10807:International eligibility rules
9772:. rugbydata.com. Archived from
9389:. Black Inc. pp. 244–278.
9275:Deges, Frankie (15 July 2008).
9131:. 11 April 2009. Archived from
9099:The Complete Book of Mini Rugby
8351:. RugbyWeek.com. Archived from
7869:Cocks, Tim (26 November 2005).
7516:"Puma power: Argentinian rugby"
6977:Sero, Nick (10 November 2015).
6921:. 4 August 2011. Archived from
6644:"IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy"
6606:
6580:
6540:
6510:
6480:
6411:
6297:
6237:
6164:
6133:
6080:from the original on 2 May 2013
5981:
5965:. p. 19.10. Archived from
5951:
5884:
5854:
5717:
5607:
5581:
5525:
5495:
5469:
5412:
5382:
5344:
5298:
5287:
5275:
5162:
4946:Gaynor, Bryan (21 April 2001).
4884:
4840:Rentoul, John (17 March 1995).
4833:
4803:
4771:
4675:"Rugby in the Olympics: Future"
4667:
4655:
4625:
4595:
4565:
4553:
4525:
4489:
4477:
4435:
4409:
4397:
4371:
4313:
4287:
4249:
4218:
4193:
4161:
4114:
4090:
4078:
4027:
3750:
2654:International Olympic Committee
2615:Rugby within multi-sport events
2123:European Professional Rugby Cup
1709:
995:
830:The second row consists of two
740:in the Northern Hemisphere and
13720:Attempts to ban football games
13699:Australian rules football card
12894:First international tournament
10475: – rugby union statistics
10162:. 27 June 2010. Archived from
9277:"Rugby X-treme hits the Andes"
8952:deKroo, Karl (11 April 2009).
8579:Kelso, Paul (9 October 2009).
8376:"NZ expect aerial bombardment"
7318:"Fire and flair: Fijian rugby"
7027:"Fire and flair: Fijian rugby"
6140:Bills, Peter (15 March 2011).
4709:Klein, Jeff (13 August 2009).
4419:. New Zealand History Online.
4001:
3881:
3850:
3784:British language & culture
3774:
3736:
3407:1975 Five Nations Championship
2629:Rugby union at the Asian Games
2430:Rugby Football Union for Women
2236:Rugby union was introduced to
1431:Replacements and substitutions
1215:Kicking conversion after a try
1004:The playing area consists of:
13:
1:
15426:Sports originating in England
12181:Continental Club Rugby League
11964:Championnat Fédéral Nationale
10196:Encyclopedia Canadiana vol. 8
9799:"Records: Highest attendance"
9585:. stripes.com. Archived from
9467:"Biography of James Naismith"
8374:Harmse, J.J. (30 June 2010).
7063:. 13 May 2011. Archived from
6488:"IRB Women's Rugby World Cup"
4918:"European Rugby Cup: History"
4322:Forerunners of the All Blacks
3724:
3592:, explores the events of the
3526:Football. L'Équipe de Cardiff
3440:
2579:first appeared. However, the
2504:was less than a million. The
2094:through the final repechage,
2042:. In 1934, instigated by the
2002:The growth of rugby union in
1819:
1293:contesting a line-out in the
1277:
1238:
1121:
901:(inside and outside) and two
876:
825:
719:World Cup and professionalism
678:to suggest that Wales player
126:15 (with up to 8 substitutes)
15421:Former Summer Olympic sports
14132:International rules football
13673:Rugby league and rugby union
11905:Provincial Club Competitions
11898:Australian Club Championship
11821:European Rugby Challenge Cup
11816:European Rugby Champions Cup
11527:Oceania Women's Championship
9956:. Oxford: Berg. p. 19.
9581:Robson, Seth (8 July 2011).
8235:. rugbyfootballhistory.com.
7347:Jones & Golesworthy 1976
5026:. p. 33. Archived from
4124:. Rugbyfootballhistory.com.
3767:
3229:History of American football
1519:Member and Associated Unions
1462:(also known as a "jersey"),
1447:
1144:
908:
809:
744:in the Southern Hemisphere.
535:that were drawn up in 1848.
518:Former Rugby School student
471:European Rugby Champions Cup
366:, and in recent times also,
322:Rugby union spread from the
7:
13663:Gaelic and Australian rules
13648:Association and rugby union
12841:Rugby Europe Women's Sevens
12752:Scottish Womens Premiership
12211:National Rugby Championship
11741:Women's international rugby
11599:South American Championship
11563:Americas Rugby Championship
10418:. IRB. 2010. Archived from
10213:Bath, Richard, ed. (1997).
9062:"Mini and Leprechaun Rugby"
7900:Sport, BBC (10 July 2022).
5256:. p. 8. Archived from
5218:. p. 7. Archived from
5170:"Rugby Positions Explained"
5073:. p. 6. Archived from
4534:"The song remains the same"
3657:Experimental law variations
3634:
3457:Thomas Hughes's 1857 novel
3094:
2708:Women's international rugby
2333:Winchester College football
1883:played against a team from
1861:North America and Caribbean
1566:World Under 20 Championship
1384:Rugby union match officials
851:
796:
265:, commonly known simply as
10:
15467:
12674:Women's Rugby Super Series
12610:South America Championship
12605:North America Championship
12236:South Pacific Championship
11718:South Pacific Championship
11683:Serendib International Cup
11522:Oceania Men's Championship
11324:Americas Pacific Challenge
10402:. Essex: Anchor Press Ltd.
10182:
9385:Blainey, Geoffrey (2010).
8473:. CNN. 14 September 2009.
8294:"Six Nations Championship"
7832:"A Review of Kenyan Rugby"
5989:"Law 19 Touch and Lineout"
5959:"Law 19 Touch and Lineout"
5929:"Law 19 Touch and Lineout"
5793:"Law 19 Touch and Lineout"
5503:"The Field of play | IFAB"
5390:"Scoring through the ages"
4259:. Rugby Football History.
4073:Marshall & Jordon 1951
4061:Marshall & Jordon 1951
3863:. Routledge. p. 168.
3704:Concussions in rugby union
3346:
3226:
3098:
3021:Russian Rugby Championship
2711:
2618:
2461:
2450:
2403:NC Hustlers vs. Midwest II
2390:
2210:
1864:
1810:Christ's College, Finchley
1787:
1784:, Wales and South Africa.
1713:
1562:HSBC Women's Sevens Series
1503:
1451:
1381:
1331:
1304:
1300:
948:
944:
925:
766:
484:
480:
311:in 1863 and, in 1895, the
29:
15310:
15260:
15232:
15100:
14926:
14750:
14657:
14525:
14418:
14409:
14374:
14256:
14165:
14111:
14045:
13993:Australian rules football
13921:
13910:
13815:
13806:
13778:
13712:
13694:Association football card
13681:
13653:Canadian and rugby league
13633:American and rugby league
13620:
13572:
13479:
13454:
13416:
13407:
13344:
13313:
13191:
13121:
13078:
12969:
12909:
12893:
12878:First international match
12877:
12868:
12813:
12782:
12773:
12704:Premiership Women's Rugby
12688:
12649:
12633:
12587:
12566:
12557:
12539:International rugby union
12531:
12461:
12343:
12307:
12276:
12260:
12253:
12143:
11860:
11852:United Rugby Championship
11834:
11808:
11801:
11736:
11631:
11614:Sudamérica Women's Sevens
11591:
11550:
11514:
11448:
11412:
11376:
11369:
11359:Arab Rugby Sevens Women's
11316:
11261:
11221:
11185:
11178:
11133:
11063:
11037:
11007:
10961:
10952:
10932:
10906:
10830:
10759:
10750:
10653:
10598:
10591:
10566:
10535:
10528:
10467:International Rugby Board
10333:. London: Diagram Group.
10282:. London: Phoenix House.
8841:The Sydney Morning Herald
8171:"IRB Year in Review 2010"
8139:"Rugby World Cup Winners"
8031:Boxscore World Sportswire
7952:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7758:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6572:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
6383:"Law 4 Players' clothing"
6279:International Rugby Board
5352:"Law 9 Method of Scoring"
5336:MacDonald, H. F. (1938).
5015:"Law 3 Number of Players"
4811:"Ontario: The Shamateurs"
3693:List of rugby union terms
3290:Australian rules football
3259:Australian rules football
3223:Influence on other sports
2924:United Rugby Championship
2381:World Rugby Sevens Series
2322:
2079:Five Nations Championship
1982:
1891:and, to a lesser extent,
1633:South African Rugby Union
1403:television match official
612:Home Nations Championship
467:United Rugby Championship
227:
215:
210:
200:
162:
140:
130:
122:
112:
107:
99:
77:
64:
55:takes a line-out against
44:
13658:Canadian and rugby union
13638:American and rugby union
12764:Women's Premier Division
12176:Challenge Yves du Manoir
12028:Top League Champions Cup
11673:Pacific Rim Championship
11573:RAN Women's Championship
11568:Americas Rugby Challenge
11389:Rugby Africa Women's Cup
10278:Griffiths, John (1987).
10245:. Meyer and Meyer Sport.
10132:. UK. 15 November 2009.
9215:thescotsman.scotsman.com
9097:Rutherford, Don (1993).
6103:"Law 6: Match officials"
5394:rugbyfootballhistory.com
4892:"History of Rugby Union"
3758:The Star-Spangled Banner
3729:
3698:World Rugby Hall of Fame
3335:Rugby lends its name to
2808:Professional rugby union
2538:Six Nations Championship
2318:vs. Zambia, 21 July 2008
2316:2011 World Cup qualifier
1914:Canadian Football League
1327:
1030:Other lines and markings
867:
715:centenary celebrations.
540:The Football Association
436:Six Nations Championship
315:between rugby union and
309:The Football Association
193:Shoulder pads (optional)
30:Not to be confused with
15436:Rugby football variants
11728:ARFU Asian Rugby Series
11703:U-21 World Championship
11698:U-19 World Championship
11420:Asia Rugby Championship
11354:Arab Rugby Sevens Men's
11339:Pacific Rugby Challenge
10305:. London: Robert Hale.
10234:Rugby: Steps to Success
10156:"Craven of Craven Week"
10100:yourlocalguardian.co.uk
9522:"SvFF:s tillkomst 1904"
9410:de Moore, Greg (2008).
7830:Kamau, Michael Mundia.
7231:"Exporter Guide: Tonga"
6946:"SANZAR remains intact"
5107:"Rugby Union Positions"
4502:BBC Cymru Wales history
3541:1928 Gold Medal for Art
3516:Les Joueurs de football
3245:History of rugby league
3038:Liga Națională de Rugby
2735:Women's Rugby World Cup
2700:in the men's event and
2437:Women's Rugby World Cup
2206:
2183:Montevideo Cricket Club
2044:French Rugby Federation
1961:is the fastest growing
1728:, Wales, September 2007
1550:Women's Rugby World Cup
704:continued their annual
631:British and Irish Lions
552:the FA's codified rules
13689:American football card
13668:Gaelic and rugby union
13643:Association and futsal
12831:Oceania Women's Sevens
12795:Rugby World Cup Sevens
12734:Women's Premier League
12125:Welsh Premier Division
12054:Heartland Championship
12014:Japan Rugby League One
11826:Rugby Europe Super Cup
11537:Oceania Women's Sevens
11344:The Rugby Championship
11208:U20 World Championship
10348:Richards, Huw (2007).
10329:Midgley, Ruth (1979).
10254:. John Wiley and Sons.
10243:Periodization in Rugby
10215:Complete Book of Rugby
9898:. UK. September 2005.
9337:Encyclopedia Canadiana
7997:Davies, D. E. (1975).
7857:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7785:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7773:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7655:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7643:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7631:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7619:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7581:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7569:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7557:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7545:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7502:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7401:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7389:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7304:Godwin & Rhys 1981
7013:Godwin & Rhys 1981
5725:"IRB Laws – Time"
5652:Midgley, Ruth (1979).
5282:Bompa & Claro 2008
4952:The New Zealand Herald
4662:Godwin & Rhys 1981
4560:Godwin & Rhys 1981
4484:Thomas & Rowe 1954
4472:Godwin & Rhys 1981
4282:Godwin & Rhys 1981
4156:Godwin & Rhys 1981
4085:Godwin & Rhys 1981
3535:
3525:
3515:
3460:Tom Brown's Schooldays
3454:
3449:Henri Rousseau –
3343:Statistics and records
3266:
3135:The oldest variant is
3129:
2873:Japan Rugby League One
2804:won in 2013 and 2015.
2542:The Rugby Championship
2533:
2480:
2441:Rugby World Cup Sevens
2404:
2319:
2246:Edward Bramwell Clarke
2223:Calcutta Football Club
2158:
1999:
1729:
1653:The Rugby Championship
1554:Rugby World Cup Sevens
1533:
1531: Associated Union
1397:
1378:Officials and offences
1354:
1346:between New Zealand's
1307:Line-out (rugby union)
1297:
1248:
941:
848:
778:
648:
515:
487:History of rugby union
440:The Rugby Championship
216:Country or region
15311:Other non-ball sports
15270:Synchronized swimming
14852:Mesoamerican ballgame
14037:Circle rules football
13628:American and Canadian
12821:Africa Women's Sevens
12241:Welsh–Scottish League
12161:British and Irish Cup
11931:Premiership Rugby Cup
11604:Americas Rugby Trophy
11481:Europe Women's Sevens
11399:Africa Women's Sevens
10455:Scrum.com Rugby guide
10438:. IRB. Archived from
10416:"Laws of Rugby Union"
10358:Mainstream Publishing
10007:Berry, David (1996).
9954:French Rugby Football
9952:Dine, Philip (2001).
9649:"Year in Review 2016"
9496:Jönsson, Åke (2006).
9159:americanflagrugby.com
8647:. 27 September 2010.
7479:French Rugby Football
7477:Dine, Philip (2001).
7207:. 26 September 2003.
7161:10.1136/bjsm.28.4.229
6704:"Pacific Nations Cup"
6076:. 14 September 2005.
5457:. laws.worldrugby.org
4920:. ERC. Archived from
3448:
3256:
3124:
2605:Argentine Rugby Union
2523:
2471:
2451:Further information:
2400:
2310:
2171:Argentine Rugby Union
2144:
1990:
1723:
1645:Argentine Rugby Union
1570:World Under 20 Trophy
1517:
1454:Rugby union equipment
1396:Touch judge with flag
1395:
1341:
1285:
1246:
939:
841:
776:
769:Rugby union positions
694:New Zealand Army team
659:in 1905, followed by
643:
513:
136:Separate competitions
15446:Grass field surfaces
15380:Synchronized skating
13926:Association football
13502:English school games
12740:Premier Rugby Sevens
12620:Oceania Championship
12166:Campeonato Argentino
12073:Scottish Premiership
12021:Top Challenge League
11938:RFU Championship Cup
11842:Super Rugby Americas
11746:World Rugby Rankings
11461:Europe International
10375:Stubbs, Ray (2009).
10040:. UK. Archived from
9868:. UK. Archived from
9562:on 19 September 2015
9477:on 14 September 2013
8996:on 19 September 2011
8100:. 28 November 2014.
8025:(22 February 2011).
7801:"IRB World Rankings"
7458:on 15 September 2011
7426:on 28 September 2011
7243:on 28 September 2011
7120:. 23 December 2017.
6654:on 18 September 2011
6528:on 12 September 2012
6468:on 22 September 2011
5537:www.sportingnews.com
4779:"History of the RFU"
4225:McGaughey, William.
3781:Else, David (2007).
3745:Rugby Football Union
3594:1995 Rugby World Cup
3557:A Run for Your Money
3451:The Football Players
3330:Rugby football rules
3055:Super Rugby Americas
2516:Regional tournaments
2493:2023 Rugby World Cup
2413:Portora Royal School
2298:United Arab Emirates
2284:was formed in 1971.
2197:Super Rugby Americas
2119:Rugby union in Spain
2092:2023 Rugby World Cup
1977:Super Rugby Americas
1867:Rugby Americas North
1837:in 1924. Along with
1647:(UAR) that operates
1600:Rugby Americas North
1316:player (usually the
1295:2007 Rugby World Cup
932:Rugby union gameplay
713:Scottish Rugby Union
582:First internationals
560:Rugby Football Union
556:association football
524:Cambridge University
457:in New Zealand, the
263:Rugby union football
15275:Underwater football
14375:Other related codes
14167:Medieval/historical
13730:Oldest competitions
13374:International rules
12728:Women's Elite Rugby
12716:Super Rugby Women's
12666:Women's Nations Cup
12641:Pacific Four Series
12615:Europe Championship
12595:Africa Championship
12558:International union
12525:Women's rugby union
12446:Central East Europe
11886:Torneo del Interior
11847:Super Rugby Pacific
11708:Women's Nations Cup
11466:Women's Six Nations
11425:Asian Sevens Series
11394:Africa Men's Sevens
11349:Pacific Four Series
11334:Pacific Nations Cup
11290:Mediterranean Games
11282:Commonwealth Games
11055:Oldest competitions
10989:Physical disability
10940:Olympic venues (7s)
10838:American flag rugby
10772:Oldest competitions
10038:The Daily Telegraph
9620:Coventry University
8865:. 13 January 2020.
8772:on 23 December 2011
8677:. 12 October 2010.
8617:. 19 October 2009.
8326:on 21 November 2008
8270:. rbs6nations.com.
8074:on 3 September 2011
7118:"Rugby Live Stream"
6989:on 20 November 2018
6958:on 27 December 2012
6714:on 2 September 2011
6498:on 3 September 2011
6399:on 16 February 2015
6354:on 16 February 2015
6225:on 16 February 2015
6207:"Law 10: Foul Play"
6152:on 25 December 2012
6121:on 16 February 2015
6050:on 16 February 2015
5809:on 16 February 2015
5770:on 16 February 2015
5705:on 16 February 2015
5633:on 16 February 2015
5370:on 16 February 2015
5033:on 16 February 2015
4872:on 25 December 2012
4509:. 1 December 2008.
4320:Ryan, Greg (1993).
4106:. 1 February 2014.
3877:on 30 October 2023.
3507:Joueurs de football
3198:three-quarter backs
3180:American Flag Rugby
2901:14,841 (2022–2023)
2839:Super Rugby Pacific
2818:
2741:and was won by the
2393:Women's rugby union
2387:Women's rugby union
2341:British East Africa
2213:Rugby union in Asia
1879:, when students of
1578:Pacific Nations Cup
1425:citing commissioner
1388:Laws of rugby union
1334:Scrum (rugby union)
1269:Rucking and Mauling
1186:Passing and kicking
763:Teams and positions
569:In 1895, there was
475:Super Rugby Pacific
280:that originated at
269:or more often just
67:governing body
41:
15102:Net and wall games
14248:Uppies and downies
14152:Universal football
14003:Lightning football
13562:Uppies and Downies
13093:Lightning football
12856:Pan American Games
12851:Commonwealth Games
12836:RAN Women's Sevens
12710:Super Rugby Aupiki
12196:Global Rapid Rugby
11976:All-Ireland League
11872:Nacional de Clubes
11751:World Rugby Awards
11583:RAN Women's Sevens
11506:U18 Women's Sevens
11404:U20 Barthés Trophy
11303:Pan American Games
11262:Multi-sport events
10409:Electronic sources
10381:Dorling Kindersley
10217:. Seven Oaks Ltd.
9978:"Art Competitions"
9866:bectiverangers.com
9471:naismithmuseum.com
9441:Sports Illustrated
8591:on 12 October 2009
8355:on 19 October 2011
8349:"TriNations Rugby"
8296:. ESPN Scrum.com.
8187:on 3 November 2011
7948:cite press release
7645:, pp. 112–113
6829:fira-aer-rugby.com
6825:"FIRA-AER History"
6774:on 16 October 2012
6744:on 13 January 2011
6456:"IRB Organisation"
6425:on 8 February 2013
6255:on 27 January 2013
5999:on 9 February 2014
5969:on 9 February 2014
5939:on 9 February 2014
5902:on 9 February 2014
5892:"Law 10 Foul play"
5872:on 9 February 2014
5862:"Law 10 Foul play"
5842:on 22 October 2014
5832:"Law 10 Foul play"
5539:. 14 August 2021.
4924:on 8 February 2007
4821:on 3 February 2011
4715:The New York Times
4015:on 24 October 2012
3621:Millennium Stadium
3455:
3292:was influenced by
3267:
3130:
2987:Major League Rugby
2816:
2737:was held in Wales
2673:Commonwealth Games
2534:
2481:
2405:
2320:
2302:IRB World Rankings
2159:
2000:
1969:Major League Rugby
1885:Harvard University
1730:
1678:, plus Argentina,
1558:HSBC Sevens Series
1534:
1525: Member Union
1398:
1355:
1298:
1249:
942:
849:
847:entering the scrum
785:(two more than in
779:
726:Commonwealth Games
685:Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
649:
516:
430:in Edinburgh. The
100:Registered players
39:
15398:
15397:
15333:Combat (juggling)
15071:British baseball
14922:
14921:
14751:Other ball sports
14746:
14745:
14644:Underwater hockey
14405:
14404:
14188:Calcio fiorentino
14103:Canadian football
14056:American football
13738:
13737:
13497:Calcio Fiorentino
13475:
13474:
12929:
12928:
12925:
12924:
12864:
12863:
12684:
12683:
12600:Asia Championship
12491:
12490:
12487:
12486:
12452:
12249:
12248:
12216:Pro14 Rainbow Cup
12134:
12132:WRU Challenge Cup
12127:
12115:
12108:
12101:
12094:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12056:
12049:
12037:
12030:
12023:
12016:
12004:
12002:Serie A Elite Cup
11997:
11985:
11978:
11966:
11959:
11952:
11940:
11933:
11926:
11919:
11907:
11900:
11888:
11881:
11879:Torneo de la URBA
11874:
11796:club competitions
11759:
11758:
11658:
11650:
11642:
11627:
11626:
11609:Sudamérica Sevens
11298:
11285:
11272:
11257:
11256:
11091:
11090:
11033:
11032:
11020:Canadian football
11015:American football
10948:
10947:
10919:Canadian football
10914:American football
10817:Playing countries
10710:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10587:
10586:
10442:on 3 January 2013
10436:"IRB Regulations"
10390:978-1-4053-3697-0
10367:978-1-84596-255-5
10252:Rugby For Dummies
10236:. Human Kinetics.
9982:olympic-museum.de
9743:. 11 March 2017.
9687:on 11 August 2011
9589:on 14 August 2011
9437:"The Olden Rules"
9421:978-1-74175-499-5
9396:978-1-86395-347-4
9371:978-0-230-24125-1
9165:on 17 August 2011
9135:on 10 August 2011
8843:. 12 January 2020
8560:on 10 August 2011
8507:on 26 August 2011
8444:978-1-317-50047-6
8412:on 30 August 2010
8378:. sport24.co.za.
8320:"Stadio Flaminio"
8098:rugbyworldcup.com
7811:on 10 August 2011
7290:978-0-7083-1953-6
7271:Lynch, Peredur I.
7269:; Baines, Menna;
6865:on 4 October 2011
6684:on 24 August 2011
6285:on 22 August 2009
6176:coachingrugby.com
6172:"Referee Signals"
6070:"Forming a scrum"
4687:on 10 August 2011
4539:ESPN The Magazine
4385:on 24 August 2010
4047:978-1-78057-328-1
3989:on 12 August 2021
3870:978-1-317-96632-6
3802:978-1-86450-286-2
3631:in Stellenbosch.
3590:Playing the Enemy
3584:(2009), based on
3419:2016 Top 14 final
3383:Stadium Australia
3365:is Welsh captain
3316:McGill University
3284:Canadian football
3280:American football
3068:
3067:
2934:10,809 (2022–23)
2867:13,395 (2022–23)
2855:Premiership Rugby
2609:COVID-19 pandemic
2418:Cardiff Arms Park
2401:US women's rugby:
2157:final match, 2007
2155:Torneo de la URBA
1893:American football
1889:Canadian football
1881:McGill University
1637:New Zealand Rugby
1201:A player about to
922:Laws and gameplay
554:became known as "
461:in Japan and the
380:the United States
260:
259:
16:(Redirected from
15458:
15280:Underwater rugby
15075:English baseball
14897:Valencian pilota
14688:Hobby horse polo
14416:
14415:
14243:Royal Shrovetide
14147:Swedish football
13919:
13918:
13813:
13812:
13788:Governing bodies
13765:
13758:
13751:
13742:
13741:
13713:Related articles
13602:Australian rules
13557:Royal Shrovetide
13414:
13413:
13080:Australian rules
12956:
12949:
12942:
12933:
12932:
12875:
12874:
12780:
12779:
12774:International 7s
12758:Celtic Challenge
12564:
12563:
12518:
12511:
12504:
12495:
12494:
12450:
12258:
12257:
12221:RFU Knockout Cup
12130:
12123:
12111:
12104:
12097:
12090:
12078:
12071:
12064:
12052:
12045:
12033:
12026:
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12012:
12000:
11993:
11981:
11974:
11962:
11955:
11948:
11936:
11929:
11922:
11915:
11903:
11896:
11884:
11877:
11870:
11806:
11805:
11786:
11779:
11772:
11763:
11762:
11656:
11648:
11640:
11619:U20 Championship
11558:RAN Championship
11542:U20 Championship
11496:U18 Championship
11491:U20 Championship
11440:U19 Championship
11384:Rugby Africa Cup
11374:
11373:
11317:Intercontinental
11296:
11283:
11270:
11234:World Cup Sevens
11198:World Cup Sevens
11183:
11182:
11118:
11111:
11104:
11095:
11094:
11081:
11080:
11071:
11070:
11038:Related articles
10959:
10958:
10757:
10756:
10737:
10730:
10723:
10714:
10713:
10682:
10596:
10595:
10533:
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10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10029:
10023:
10022:
10004:
9998:
9997:
9995:
9993:
9984:. Archived from
9974:
9968:
9967:
9949:
9943:
9942:
9940:
9938:
9933:on 29 April 2011
9929:. Archived from
9923:"Henri Rousseau"
9921:Lauf, Cornelia.
9918:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9888:
9882:
9881:
9879:
9877:
9858:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9847:
9825:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9795:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9776:on 25 March 2013
9766:
9757:
9756:
9754:
9752:
9733:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9722:
9717:on 24 April 2010
9703:
9697:
9696:
9694:
9692:
9677:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9645:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9634:
9628:
9622:. Archived from
9617:
9608:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9578:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9567:
9558:. Archived from
9548:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9537:
9526:svenskfotboll.se
9518:
9512:
9511:
9493:
9487:
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9484:
9482:
9473:. Archived from
9463:
9457:
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9454:
9452:
9443:. Archived from
9432:
9426:
9425:
9407:
9401:
9400:
9382:
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9375:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9332:
9323:
9317:
9311:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9294:
9285:. Archived from
9272:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9252:. Archived from
9240:
9234:
9229:
9223:
9222:
9217:. Archived from
9207:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9181:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9161:. Archived from
9151:
9145:
9144:
9142:
9140:
9119:
9113:
9112:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9077:
9071:. Archived from
9066:
9058:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9036:
9023:
9015:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8992:. Archived from
8980:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8969:
8958:The Courier-Mail
8949:
8943:
8937:
8931:
8930:
8928:
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8766:New Zealand 2011
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8607:
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8596:
8587:. Archived from
8576:
8570:
8569:
8567:
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8556:. Archived from
8544:
8531:
8530:
8523:
8517:
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8113:
8111:
8109:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8070:. Archived from
8058:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8042:
8019:
8013:
8012:
7994:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:
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7848:
7847:
7845:
7843:
7834:. wesclark.com.
7827:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7807:. Archived from
7797:
7788:
7782:
7776:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7757:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7708:. 28 July 2009.
7698:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7664:
7658:
7652:
7646:
7640:
7634:
7628:
7622:
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7605:
7590:
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7578:
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7560:
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7536:
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7533:
7531:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7454:. Archived from
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7422:. Archived from
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7370:on 31 March 2015
7366:. Archived from
7364:oceaniarugby.com
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
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7313:
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7301:
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7022:
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7010:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6985:. Archived from
6974:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6954:. Archived from
6941:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6925:on 26 March 2012
6911:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6861:. Archived from
6859:oceaniarugby.com
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6835:on 27 April 2013
6831:. Archived from
6821:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6796:. Archived from
6794:"Dubai 7s Rugby"
6790:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6710:. Archived from
6700:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6680:. Archived from
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6650:. Archived from
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6584:
6578:
6577:
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6561:
6559:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6533:
6514:
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6507:
6505:
6503:
6494:. Archived from
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6464:. Archived from
6452:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6398:
6387:
6379:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6353:
6342:
6338:"Law 2 The Ball"
6334:
6325:
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6322:
6320:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6251:. Archived from
6241:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6224:
6211:
6203:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6178:. Archived from
6168:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6148:. Archived from
6137:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6120:
6107:
6099:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6066:
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6059:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6036:
6028:
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6006:
6004:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5935:. Archived from
5925:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5828:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5797:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5769:
5758:
5750:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5731:on 25 March 2008
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5691:
5683:
5668:
5667:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5632:
5619:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5476:worldrugby.org.
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5455:World Rugby Laws
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5419:worldrugby.org.
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5369:
5356:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5302:
5296:
5291:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5249:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5224:
5211:
5203:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5140:"Rugby Glossary"
5136:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5066:
5058:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5019:
5011:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4984:. Archived from
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4943:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4894:. Archived from
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4868:. Archived from
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4791:on 22 April 2010
4787:. Archived from
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4706:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4683:. Archived from
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4345:
4336:
4335:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4177:. Archived from
4165:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4075:, pp. 13–14
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3979:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3956:. 19 July 2018.
3950:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3873:. Archived from
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3826:
3818:
3807:
3806:
3787:(2nd ed.).
3778:
3761:
3754:
3748:
3740:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3538:
3528:
3518:
3337:wheelchair rugby
3322:Swedish football
3145:Hong Kong Sevens
3088:
3085:
3079:
3076:
2970:RFU Championship
2819:
2815:
2704:in the women's.
2687:event since the
2666:Bernard Lapasset
2274:Hong Kong Sevens
2242:Ginnosuke Tanaka
2145:Argentine teams
1973:American Raptors
1851:Papua New Guinea
1843:the Cook Islands
1824:
1821:
1618:Sudamérica Rugby
1530:
1524:
1500:Governing bodies
1476:prolate spheroid
1350:and Australia's
1212:
1198:
928:Rugby union laws
843:Sébastien Chabal
706:University Match
618:tournament, the
449:in England, the
286:oval-shaped ball
49:
42:
38:
21:
18:Rugby union tour
15466:
15465:
15461:
15460:
15459:
15457:
15456:
15455:
15401:
15400:
15399:
15394:
15306:
15256:
15252:World Chase Tag
15228:
15152:Football tennis
15096:
14980:Danish longball
14929:
14918:
14788:Ballon au poing
14783:Balle à la main
14742:
14653:
14649:Unicycle hockey
14521:
14411:
14401:
14370:
14252:
14238:Pasuckuakohowog
14203:Cornish hurling
14168:
14161:
14107:
14041:
14025:Gaelic football
13914:
13906:
13802:
13774:
13769:
13739:
13734:
13708:
13677:
13616:
13568:
13547:Cornish hurling
13471:
13450:
13409:
13403:
13340:
13309:
13236:PD Rugby League
13187:
13117:
13074:
12965:
12960:
12930:
12921:
12905:
12889:
12870:
12860:
12809:
12775:
12769:
12760:(IRL, SCO, WAL)
12690:
12680:
12645:
12629:
12583:
12574:Rugby World Cup
12559:
12553:
12532:Anchor articles
12527:
12522:
12492:
12483:
12457:
12339:
12303:
12272:
12245:
12226:Rugby Challenge
12151:Anglo-Welsh Cup
12139:
11983:All-Ireland Cup
11856:
11830:
11797:
11790:
11760:
11755:
11732:
11623:
11587:
11546:
11510:
11486:U20 Six Nations
11444:
11408:
11365:
11312:
11253:
11217:
11174:
11129:
11122:
11092:
11087:
11059:
11029:
11003:
10944:
10928:
10902:
10826:
10746:
10741:
10711:
10702:
10680:
10649:
10583:
10562:
10524:
10519:
10463:
10445:
10443:
10434:
10425:
10423:
10414:
10406:
10391:
10377:The Sports Book
10368:
10341:
10313:
10290:
10271:
10225:
10206:
10194:
10188:Printed sources
10185:
10180:
10179:
10169:
10167:
10166:on 19 July 2011
10154:
10153:
10149:
10139:
10137:
10124:
10123:
10119:
10109:
10107:
10092:
10088:
10078:
10076:
10061:
10057:
10047:
10045:
10030:
10026:
10019:
10005:
10001:
9991:
9989:
9976:
9975:
9971:
9964:
9950:
9946:
9936:
9934:
9919:
9915:
9905:
9903:
9890:
9889:
9885:
9875:
9873:
9872:on 26 July 2011
9860:
9859:
9855:
9845:
9843:
9826:
9822:
9812:
9810:
9797:
9796:
9789:
9779:
9777:
9768:
9767:
9760:
9750:
9748:
9735:
9734:
9730:
9720:
9718:
9705:
9704:
9700:
9690:
9688:
9679:
9678:
9674:
9664:
9662:
9647:
9646:
9642:
9632:
9630:
9629:on 26 June 2011
9626:
9615:
9609:
9602:
9592:
9590:
9579:
9575:
9565:
9563:
9550:
9549:
9545:
9535:
9533:
9520:
9519:
9515:
9508:
9494:
9490:
9480:
9478:
9465:
9464:
9460:
9450:
9448:
9433:
9429:
9422:
9408:
9404:
9397:
9383:
9379:
9372:
9358:
9354:
9347:
9333:
9326:
9318:
9314:
9306:
9302:
9292:
9290:
9289:on 26 July 2010
9273:
9269:
9259:
9257:
9242:
9241:
9237:
9230:
9226:
9221:on 4 June 2011.
9209:
9208:
9204:
9194:
9192:
9183:
9182:
9178:
9168:
9166:
9153:
9152:
9148:
9138:
9136:
9121:
9120:
9116:
9109:
9095:
9091:
9081:
9079:
9078:on 2 March 2014
9075:
9064:
9060:
9059:
9050:
9040:
9038:
9037:on 6 April 2015
9034:
9021:
9017:
9016:
9009:
8999:
8997:
8982:
8981:
8977:
8967:
8965:
8950:
8946:
8938:
8934:
8924:
8922:
8913:
8912:
8908:
8898:
8896:
8887:
8886:
8882:
8872:
8870:
8861:
8860:
8856:
8846:
8844:
8835:
8834:
8830:
8811:
8807:
8797:
8795:
8790:
8789:
8785:
8775:
8773:
8760:
8759:
8755:
8745:
8743:
8736:Bleacher Report
8728:
8724:
8714:
8712:
8701:"Women's Rugby"
8699:
8698:
8694:
8684:
8682:
8669:
8668:
8664:
8654:
8652:
8639:
8638:
8634:
8624:
8622:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8594:
8592:
8577:
8573:
8563:
8561:
8546:
8545:
8534:
8525:
8524:
8520:
8510:
8508:
8495:
8494:
8490:
8480:
8478:
8469:
8468:
8464:
8454:
8452:
8445:
8429:
8425:
8415:
8413:
8400:
8399:
8395:
8385:
8383:
8372:
8368:
8358:
8356:
8347:
8346:
8339:
8329:
8327:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8303:
8301:
8292:
8291:
8287:
8277:
8275:
8266:
8265:
8252:
8242:
8240:
8233:"Rugby Trophys"
8231:
8230:
8226:
8216:
8214:
8205:
8204:
8200:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8173:
8169:
8168:
8164:
8154:
8152:
8135:
8131:
8122:
8121:
8117:
8107:
8105:
8092:
8091:
8087:
8077:
8075:
8060:
8059:
8050:
8040:
8038:
8020:
8016:
8009:
7995:
7991:
7981:
7979:
7978:on 3 March 2014
7966:
7965:
7961:
7945:
7944:
7937:
7935:
7930:
7929:
7925:
7915:
7913:
7898:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7867:
7863:
7855:
7851:
7841:
7839:
7828:
7824:
7814:
7812:
7799:
7798:
7791:
7783:
7779:
7771:
7767:
7751:
7750:
7743:
7741:
7730:
7729:
7725:
7715:
7713:
7700:
7699:
7692:
7682:
7680:
7665:
7661:
7653:
7649:
7641:
7637:
7629:
7625:
7617:
7613:
7603:
7601:
7592:
7591:
7587:
7579:
7575:
7567:
7563:
7555:
7551:
7543:
7539:
7529:
7527:
7512:
7508:
7500:
7496:
7489:
7475:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7444:
7443:
7439:
7429:
7427:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7399:
7395:
7387:
7383:
7373:
7371:
7360:"Member Unions"
7358:
7357:
7353:
7345:
7341:
7331:
7329:
7314:
7310:
7302:
7298:
7291:
7273:, eds. (2008).
7260:
7256:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7224:
7214:
7212:
7199:
7198:
7194:
7141:
7137:
7127:
7125:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7101:
7099:
7084:
7080:
7070:
7068:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7023:
7019:
7011:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6975:
6971:
6961:
6959:
6942:
6938:
6928:
6926:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6868:
6866:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6838:
6836:
6823:
6822:
6813:
6803:
6801:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6777:
6775:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6747:
6745:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6715:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6687:
6685:
6672:
6671:
6667:
6657:
6655:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6597:
6595:
6590:. World Rugby.
6586:
6585:
6581:
6565:
6564:
6557:
6555:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6531:
6529:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6471:
6469:
6454:
6453:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6367:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6340:
6336:
6335:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6311:. 1 June 2016.
6303:
6302:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6258:
6256:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6195:
6185:
6183:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6155:
6153:
6146:The Independent
6138:
6134:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6093:
6083:
6081:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6012:
6002:
6000:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5970:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5927:
5926:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5830:
5829:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5783:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5671:
5664:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5546:
5544:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5507:www.theifab.com
5501:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5482:www.world.rugby
5474:
5470:
5460:
5458:
5451:"19.1 Throw-in"
5449:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5425:www.world.rugby
5417:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5345:
5334:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5303:
5299:
5292:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5263:on 6 April 2015
5260:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5226:
5225:on 6 April 2015
5222:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5189:
5179:
5177:
5176:on 3 April 2013
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5113:on 6 April 2013
5105:
5104:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5080:on 6 April 2015
5077:
5064:
5060:
5059:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4988:on 8 March 2016
4976:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4937:
4927:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4898:on 6 April 2013
4890:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4846:The Independent
4838:
4834:
4824:
4822:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4707:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4507:BBC Cymru Wales
4495:
4494:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4470:
4463:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3886:
3882:
3871:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3810:
3803:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3627:in Cardiff and
3536:Partie de Rugby
3521:Robert Delaunay
3469:Bective Rangers
3443:
3431:Stade de France
3355:
3345:
3257:When codifying
3251:
3225:
3119:
3099:Main articles:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
2832:
2810:
2716:
2710:
2631:
2617:
2589:Stadio Flaminio
2585:Stadio Olimpico
2518:
2485:Rugby World Cup
2466:
2464:Rugby World Cup
2460:
2458:Rugby World Cup
2455:
2449:
2409:Emily Valentine
2402:
2395:
2389:
2325:
2266:The Philippines
2215:
2209:
2169:, founding the
2139:
1985:
1906:Football Canada
1869:
1863:
1855:Solomon Islands
1822:
1794:New South Wales
1790:
1776:, New Zealand,
1718:
1712:
1641:Rugby Australia
1546:Rugby World Cup
1532:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1456:
1450:
1433:
1390:
1382:Main articles:
1380:
1336:
1330:
1309:
1303:
1280:
1241:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1188:
1180:Rugby World Cup
1156:
1154:Match structure
1147:
1124:
1092:
1083:
1032:
1019:
998:
973:
953:
947:
934:
926:Main articles:
924:
911:
895:
879:
870:
854:
846:
828:
812:
799:
771:
765:
721:
633:tours; and the
584:
548:Blackheath Club
533:Cambridge Rules
489:
483:
473:in Europe, and
453:in France, the
432:Rugby World Cup
411:, New Zealand,
360:Southern Africa
305:Blackheath F.C.
253:included since
249:
196:
158:
108:Characteristics
87:
60:
53:Victor Matfield
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15464:
15454:
15453:
15451:Football codes
15448:
15443:
15438:
15433:
15428:
15423:
15418:
15413:
15396:
15395:
15393:
15392:
15387:
15382:
15377:
15372:
15367:
15362:
15357:
15352:
15347:
15346:
15345:
15335:
15330:
15325:
15320:
15314:
15312:
15308:
15307:
15305:
15304:
15299:
15298:
15297:
15292:
15282:
15277:
15272:
15266:
15264:
15258:
15257:
15255:
15254:
15249:
15244:
15238:
15236:
15230:
15229:
15227:
15226:
15225:
15224:
15219:
15214:
15209:
15204:
15199:
15189:
15184:
15179:
15174:
15169:
15164:
15159:
15154:
15149:
15144:
15143:
15142:
15137:
15127:
15122:
15117:
15112:
15110:Ball badminton
15106:
15104:
15098:
15097:
15095:
15094:
15089:
15084:
15083:
15082:
15080:Welsh baseball
15077:
15069:
15064:
15059:
15054:
15049:
15044:
15043:
15042:
15037:
15027:
15022:
15017:
15012:
15007:
15002:
14997:
14992:
14987:
14985:Indoor cricket
14982:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14970:
14965:
14955:
14950:
14945:
14940:
14934:
14932:
14924:
14923:
14920:
14919:
14917:
14916:
14911:
14906:
14905:
14904:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14879:
14874:
14869:
14864:
14859:
14857:Pelota mixteca
14854:
14849:
14844:
14839:
14834:
14833:
14832:
14827:
14822:
14817:
14807:
14802:
14801:
14800:
14795:
14790:
14785:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14760:
14754:
14752:
14748:
14747:
14744:
14743:
14741:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14724:
14723:
14720:
14715:
14705:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14664:
14662:
14655:
14654:
14652:
14651:
14646:
14641:
14636:
14631:
14629:Rossall hockey
14626:
14625:
14624:
14619:
14609:
14604:
14599:
14598:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14577:
14572:
14567:
14566:
14565:
14555:
14550:
14549:
14548:
14538:
14532:
14530:
14523:
14522:
14520:
14519:
14518:
14517:
14515:Shinty–Hurling
14507:
14502:
14501:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14454:
14453:
14451:Shinty–Hurling
14448:
14445:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14419:
14413:
14410:Stick-and-ball
14407:
14406:
14403:
14402:
14400:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14378:
14376:
14372:
14371:
14369:
14368:
14363:
14358:
14357:
14356:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14301:
14300:
14299:
14294:
14289:
14284:
14279:
14274:
14263:
14261:
14254:
14253:
14251:
14250:
14245:
14240:
14235:
14230:
14225:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14190:
14185:
14180:
14174:
14172:
14163:
14162:
14160:
14159:
14154:
14149:
14144:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14127:Eton wall game
14124:
14118:
14116:
14109:
14108:
14106:
14105:
14100:
14098:Arena football
14095:
14094:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14052:
14050:
14043:
14042:
14040:
14039:
14034:
14033:
14032:
14022:
14021:
14020:
14015:
14010:
14005:
14000:
13990:
13989:
13988:
13983:
13978:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13958:
13953:
13948:
13943:
13938:
13933:
13922:
13916:
13908:
13907:
13905:
13904:
13899:
13894:
13889:
13888:
13887:
13882:
13877:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13851:
13850:
13845:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13819:
13817:
13810:
13808:Invasion games
13804:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13795:
13793:National sport
13790:
13785:
13779:
13776:
13775:
13768:
13767:
13760:
13753:
13745:
13736:
13735:
13733:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13716:
13714:
13710:
13709:
13707:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13685:
13683:
13679:
13678:
13676:
13675:
13670:
13665:
13660:
13655:
13650:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13630:
13624:
13622:
13618:
13617:
13615:
13614:
13609:
13604:
13599:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13587:
13576:
13574:
13570:
13569:
13567:
13566:
13565:
13564:
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13534:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13483:
13481:
13477:
13476:
13473:
13472:
13470:
13469:
13464:
13458:
13456:
13452:
13451:
13449:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13437:
13436:
13426:
13420:
13418:
13411:
13405:
13404:
13402:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13350:
13348:
13342:
13341:
13339:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13317:
13315:
13311:
13310:
13308:
13307:
13302:
13297:
13292:
13291:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13240:
13239:
13238:
13233:
13228:
13223:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13197:
13195:
13189:
13188:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13174:
13173:
13168:
13163:
13158:
13153:
13148:
13143:
13138:
13127:
13125:
13119:
13118:
13116:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13084:
13082:
13076:
13075:
13073:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13036:
13035:
13025:
13024:
13023:
13013:
13008:
13007:
13006:
13001:
12991:
12986:
12981:
12975:
12973:
12967:
12966:
12963:Football codes
12959:
12958:
12951:
12944:
12936:
12927:
12926:
12923:
12922:
12920:
12919:
12917:RugbyFest 1990
12913:
12911:
12907:
12906:
12904:
12903:
12897:
12895:
12891:
12890:
12888:
12887:
12881:
12879:
12872:
12866:
12865:
12862:
12861:
12859:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12817:
12815:
12811:
12810:
12808:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12786:
12784:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12768:
12767:
12761:
12755:
12749:
12743:
12737:
12731:
12725:
12719:
12713:
12707:
12701:
12694:
12692:
12689:Domestic union
12686:
12685:
12682:
12681:
12679:
12678:
12670:
12662:
12653:
12651:
12647:
12646:
12644:
12643:
12637:
12635:
12634:Cross-Regional
12631:
12630:
12628:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12591:
12589:
12585:
12584:
12582:
12581:
12576:
12570:
12568:
12561:
12555:
12554:
12552:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12535:
12533:
12529:
12528:
12521:
12520:
12513:
12506:
12498:
12489:
12488:
12485:
12484:
12482:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12465:
12463:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12455:
12454:
12453:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12368:
12363:
12361:Czech Republic
12358:
12353:
12347:
12345:
12341:
12340:
12338:
12337:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12311:
12309:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12280:
12278:
12274:
12273:
12271:
12270:
12264:
12262:
12255:
12251:
12250:
12247:
12246:
12244:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12147:
12145:
12141:
12140:
12138:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12128:
12118:
12117:
12116:
12109:
12102:
12095:
12085:
12084:
12083:
12076:
12069:
12059:
12058:
12057:
12050:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12031:
12024:
12017:
12007:
12006:
12005:
11998:
11988:
11987:
11986:
11979:
11969:
11968:
11967:
11960:
11953:
11943:
11942:
11941:
11934:
11927:
11920:
11910:
11909:
11908:
11901:
11891:
11890:
11889:
11882:
11875:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11838:
11836:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11812:
11810:
11803:
11802:Tier 1 nations
11799:
11798:
11789:
11788:
11781:
11774:
11766:
11757:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11737:
11734:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11670:
11665:
11660:
11652:
11647:Pacific Games
11644:
11639:Olympic Games
11635:
11633:
11629:
11628:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11595:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11532:Oceania Sevens
11529:
11524:
11518:
11516:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11471:Europe Women's
11468:
11463:
11458:
11452:
11450:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11416:
11414:
11410:
11409:
11407:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11380:
11378:
11371:
11367:
11366:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11331:
11326:
11320:
11318:
11314:
11313:
11311:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:Pacific Games
11292:
11287:
11279:
11274:
11269:Olympic Games
11265:
11263:
11259:
11258:
11255:
11254:
11252:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11225:
11223:
11219:
11218:
11216:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11189:
11187:
11180:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11172:
11171:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11134:
11131:
11130:
11124:International
11121:
11120:
11113:
11106:
11098:
11089:
11088:
11086:
11085:
11075:
11064:
11061:
11060:
11058:
11057:
11052:
11047:
11045:Burnside rules
11041:
11039:
11035:
11034:
11031:
11030:
11028:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11011:
11009:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10965:
10963:
10956:
10950:
10949:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10942:
10936:
10934:
10933:Related topics
10930:
10929:
10927:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10834:
10832:
10828:
10827:
10825:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10777:Dangerous play
10774:
10769:
10763:
10761:
10754:
10748:
10747:
10744:Rugby football
10740:
10739:
10732:
10725:
10717:
10708:
10707:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10700:
10695:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10657:
10655:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10642:
10635:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10602:
10600:
10593:
10589:
10588:
10585:
10584:
10582:
10581:
10576:
10570:
10568:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10539:
10537:
10530:
10526:
10525:
10518:
10517:
10510:
10503:
10495:
10489:
10488:
10482:
10476:
10470:
10462:
10461:External links
10459:
10458:
10457:
10452:
10432:
10422:on 18 May 2011
10405:
10404:
10395:
10389:
10372:
10366:
10345:
10339:
10326:
10317:
10311:
10294:
10288:
10275:
10269:
10256:
10247:
10238:
10229:
10223:
10210:
10204:
10191:
10184:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10147:
10117:
10086:
10055:
10044:on 4 June 2012
10024:
10017:
9999:
9969:
9962:
9944:
9927:guggenheim.org
9913:
9883:
9853:
9820:
9787:
9758:
9728:
9698:
9672:
9657:. p. 45.
9640:
9600:
9573:
9543:
9513:
9506:
9488:
9458:
9447:on 4 June 2011
9427:
9420:
9402:
9395:
9377:
9370:
9352:
9345:
9324:
9312:
9300:
9267:
9256:on 5 June 2011
9235:
9224:
9202:
9176:
9146:
9114:
9107:
9089:
9048:
9007:
8975:
8944:
8932:
8906:
8880:
8854:
8828:
8805:
8783:
8753:
8722:
8692:
8662:
8632:
8602:
8571:
8532:
8518:
8488:
8462:
8443:
8423:
8393:
8366:
8337:
8311:
8285:
8250:
8224:
8198:
8162:
8129:
8115:
8085:
8048:
8014:
8007:
7989:
7959:
7923:
7892:
7861:
7849:
7822:
7789:
7777:
7765:
7723:
7690:
7659:
7647:
7635:
7623:
7611:
7585:
7573:
7561:
7549:
7537:
7506:
7494:
7487:
7469:
7437:
7405:
7393:
7381:
7351:
7339:
7308:
7296:
7289:
7267:Jenkins, Nigel
7254:
7222:
7192:
7135:
7109:
7078:
7067:on 18 May 2011
7048:
7017:
7000:
6969:
6936:
6906:
6876:
6855:"FORU Mission"
6846:
6811:
6800:on 5 July 2022
6785:
6755:
6725:
6695:
6665:
6635:
6624:on 18 May 2011
6605:
6579:
6539:
6509:
6479:
6436:
6410:
6365:
6326:
6296:
6266:
6236:
6193:
6182:on 11 May 2006
6163:
6132:
6091:
6061:
6032:"Law 20 Scrum"
6010:
5980:
5950:
5913:
5883:
5853:
5820:
5781:
5742:
5716:
5669:
5662:
5644:
5606:
5580:
5554:
5524:
5494:
5468:
5442:
5411:
5381:
5343:
5328:
5297:
5286:
5274:
5236:
5187:
5161:
5144:ESPN Scrum.com
5124:
5091:
5044:
4999:
4969:
4935:
4909:
4883:
4832:
4802:
4770:
4758:
4732:
4698:
4666:
4654:
4624:
4594:
4564:
4552:
4524:
4488:
4476:
4461:
4434:
4408:
4404:Griffiths 1987
4396:
4370:
4353:lionsrugby.com
4337:
4330:
4312:
4301:on 7 June 2011
4286:
4274:
4248:
4237:on 12 May 2013
4217:
4210:
4192:
4181:on 12 May 2013
4160:
4139:
4113:
4089:
4077:
4065:
4053:
4046:
4026:
4000:
3971:
3942:
3913:
3880:
3869:
3849:
3808:
3801:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3749:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3636:
3633:
3625:Gareth Edwards
3617:Tasker Watkins
3598:Nelson Mandela
3575:Forever Strong
3511:Albert Gleizes
3503:Henri Rousseau
3480:Finnegans Wake
3442:
3439:
3435:UEFA Euro 2016
3421:on 24 June at
3367:Alun Wyn Jones
3363:tier 1 nations
3344:
3341:
3304:James Naismith
3294:rugby football
3249:Rugby football
3224:
3221:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2885:14,952 (2020)
2883:
2878:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2849:14,436 (2017)
2847:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2809:
2806:
2712:Main article:
2709:
2706:
2616:
2613:
2517:
2514:
2506:2007 World Cup
2478:2007 World Cup
2462:Main article:
2459:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2391:Main article:
2388:
2385:
2324:
2321:
2250:2019 World Cup
2211:Main article:
2208:
2205:
2138:
2135:
2064:Czechoslovakia
2040:Czechoslovakia
1984:
1981:
1941:British Guiana
1930:Western Canada
1922:Eastern Canada
1897:rugby football
1862:
1859:
1789:
1786:
1762:national sport
1711:
1708:
1704:Agustín Pichot
1626:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1527:
1521:
1501:
1498:
1452:Main article:
1449:
1446:
1432:
1429:
1379:
1376:
1332:Main article:
1329:
1326:
1305:Main article:
1302:
1299:
1279:
1276:
1252:specific law.
1240:
1237:
1214:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1091:
1090:Perimeter area
1088:
1082:
1079:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1031:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1009:
997:
994:
985:
984:
983:construction).
980:
972:
969:
946:
943:
923:
920:
910:
907:
894:
893:Three-quarters
891:
878:
875:
869:
866:
853:
850:
827:
824:
811:
808:
798:
795:
767:Main article:
764:
761:
720:
717:
620:Melrose Sevens
583:
580:
564:rugby football
485:Main article:
482:
479:
438:in Europe and
401:national sport
388:Eastern Europe
328:United Kingdom
292:at both ends.
258:
257:
231:
225:
224:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
195:
194:
191:
188:
183:
178:
172:
166:
164:
160:
159:
157:
156:
153:
150:
144:
142:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
95:
94:
91:
86:
85:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
62:
61:
51:South African
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15463:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15439:
15437:
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15427:
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15422:
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15409:
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15406:
15391:
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15371:
15368:
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15353:
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15339:
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15038:
15036:
15033:
15032:
15031:
15028:
15026:
15023:
15021:
15018:
15016:
15013:
15011:
15010:Over-the-line
15008:
15006:
15003:
15001:
14998:
14996:
14993:
14991:
14988:
14986:
14983:
14981:
14978:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14960:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14936:
14935:
14933:
14931:
14925:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14903:
14900:
14899:
14898:
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14868:
14865:
14863:
14860:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14850:
14848:
14845:
14843:
14840:
14838:
14835:
14831:
14828:
14826:
14823:
14821:
14818:
14816:
14813:
14812:
14811:
14808:
14806:
14803:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14780:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14755:
14753:
14749:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14710:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14683:Elephant polo
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14660:
14656:
14650:
14647:
14645:
14642:
14640:
14639:Street hockey
14637:
14635:
14632:
14630:
14627:
14623:
14620:
14618:
14615:
14614:
14613:
14612:Roller hockey
14610:
14608:
14605:
14603:
14600:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14582:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14571:
14568:
14564:
14561:
14560:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14547:
14544:
14543:
14542:
14539:
14537:
14534:
14533:
14531:
14528:
14524:
14516:
14513:
14512:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14452:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14440:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14420:
14417:
14414:
14408:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14379:
14377:
14373:
14367:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14355:
14352:
14350:
14347:
14345:
14342:
14340:
14337:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14309:American flag
14307:
14306:
14305:
14302:
14298:
14295:
14293:
14290:
14288:
14285:
14283:
14280:
14278:
14275:
14273:
14270:
14269:
14268:
14265:
14264:
14262:
14259:
14255:
14249:
14246:
14244:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14206:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14164:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14143:
14140:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14119:
14117:
14114:
14110:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14058:
14057:
14054:
14053:
14051:
14048:
14044:
14038:
14035:
14031:
14028:
14027:
14026:
14023:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13995:
13994:
13991:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13977:
13974:
13972:
13971:roller soccer
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13951:Indoor soccer
13949:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13934:
13932:
13929:
13928:
13927:
13924:
13923:
13920:
13917:
13913:
13909:
13903:
13900:
13898:
13895:
13893:
13890:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13872:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13825:
13824:
13821:
13820:
13818:
13816:Basket sports
13814:
13811:
13809:
13805:
13799:
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13780:
13777:
13773:
13766:
13761:
13759:
13754:
13752:
13747:
13746:
13743:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13717:
13715:
13711:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13686:
13684:
13680:
13674:
13671:
13669:
13666:
13664:
13661:
13659:
13656:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13625:
13623:
13619:
13613:
13610:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13582:
13581:
13578:
13577:
13575:
13571:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13529:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13484:
13482:
13480:Ancient games
13478:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13459:
13457:
13453:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13435:
13432:
13431:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13421:
13419:
13415:
13412:
13406:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13351:
13349:
13347:
13343:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13318:
13316:
13312:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13248:American flag
13246:
13245:
13244:
13241:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13203:
13202:
13199:
13198:
13196:
13194:
13190:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13133:
13132:
13129:
13128:
13126:
13124:
13120:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13085:
13083:
13081:
13077:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13034:
13031:
13030:
13029:
13026:
13022:
13019:
13018:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12996:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12976:
12974:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12957:
12952:
12950:
12945:
12943:
12938:
12937:
12934:
12918:
12915:
12914:
12912:
12908:
12902:
12899:
12898:
12896:
12892:
12886:
12883:
12882:
12880:
12876:
12873:
12867:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12812:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12781:
12778:
12772:
12765:
12762:
12759:
12756:
12753:
12750:
12747:
12746:Serie A Elite
12744:
12741:
12738:
12735:
12732:
12729:
12726:
12723:
12720:
12717:
12714:
12711:
12708:
12705:
12702:
12699:
12696:
12695:
12693:
12687:
12677:
12675:
12671:
12669:
12667:
12663:
12661:
12659:
12655:
12654:
12652:
12648:
12642:
12639:
12638:
12636:
12632:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12592:
12590:
12586:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12571:
12569:
12565:
12562:
12556:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12536:
12534:
12530:
12526:
12519:
12514:
12512:
12507:
12505:
12500:
12499:
12496:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12466:
12464:
12460:
12449:
12448:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12342:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12312:
12310:
12306:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12284:United States
12282:
12281:
12279:
12275:
12269:
12266:
12265:
12263:
12259:
12256:
12254:Other nations
12252:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12142:
12133:
12129:
12126:
12122:
12121:
12119:
12114:
12110:
12107:
12103:
12100:
12096:
12093:
12089:
12088:
12087:South Africa
12086:
12081:
12077:
12074:
12070:
12067:
12063:
12062:
12060:
12055:
12051:
12048:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12036:
12032:
12029:
12025:
12022:
12018:
12015:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12003:
11999:
11996:
11995:Serie A Elite
11992:
11991:
11989:
11984:
11980:
11977:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11965:
11961:
11958:
11954:
11951:
11947:
11946:
11944:
11939:
11935:
11932:
11928:
11925:
11921:
11918:
11914:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11902:
11899:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11887:
11883:
11880:
11876:
11873:
11869:
11868:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11859:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11839:
11837:
11835:International
11833:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11813:
11811:
11809:European cups
11807:
11804:
11800:
11795:
11787:
11782:
11780:
11775:
11773:
11768:
11767:
11764:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11664:
11663:Churchill Cup
11661:
11659:
11653:
11651:
11645:
11643:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11630:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11592:South America
11590:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11555:
11553:
11551:North America
11549:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11513:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11476:Europe Sevens
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11411:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11381:
11379:
11375:
11372:
11368:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11321:
11319:
11315:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11267:
11266:
11264:
11260:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11239:Sevens Series
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11203:Sevens Series
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11184:
11181:
11177:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11163:South America
11161:
11159:
11158:North America
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11140:
11139:
11136:
11135:
11132:
11127:
11119:
11114:
11112:
11107:
11105:
11100:
11099:
11096:
11084:
11076:
11074:
11066:
11065:
11062:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11036:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11006:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10994:Playing field
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10951:
10941:
10938:
10937:
10935:
10931:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10911:
10909:
10905:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10829:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10764:
10762:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10749:
10745:
10738:
10733:
10731:
10726:
10724:
10719:
10718:
10715:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10693:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10640:
10636:
10634:
10633:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10597:
10594:
10590:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10565:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10523:
10516:
10511:
10509:
10504:
10502:
10497:
10496:
10493:
10486:
10483:
10480:
10477:
10474:
10471:
10468:
10465:
10464:
10456:
10453:
10441:
10437:
10433:
10421:
10417:
10413:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10401:
10396:
10392:
10386:
10382:
10378:
10373:
10369:
10363:
10359:
10356:. Edinburgh:
10354:
10353:
10346:
10342:
10340:0-7092-0153-2
10336:
10332:
10327:
10323:
10318:
10314:
10312:0-7091-5394-5
10308:
10303:
10302:
10295:
10291:
10289:0-460-07003-7
10285:
10281:
10276:
10272:
10270:0-85112-214-0
10266:
10262:
10257:
10253:
10248:
10244:
10239:
10235:
10230:
10226:
10224:1-86200-013-1
10220:
10216:
10211:
10207:
10205:0-7172-1601-2
10201:
10197:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10189:
10165:
10161:
10157:
10151:
10135:
10131:
10127:
10121:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10090:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10059:
10043:
10039:
10035:
10028:
10020:
10018:0-7083-1370-1
10014:
10010:
10003:
9988:on 1 May 2008
9987:
9983:
9979:
9973:
9965:
9963:1-85973-327-1
9959:
9955:
9948:
9932:
9928:
9924:
9917:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9887:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9841:
9838:(in French).
9837:
9836:
9831:
9824:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9794:
9792:
9775:
9771:
9765:
9763:
9746:
9742:
9738:
9732:
9716:
9712:
9708:
9702:
9686:
9682:
9676:
9660:
9656:
9655:
9650:
9644:
9625:
9621:
9614:
9607:
9605:
9588:
9584:
9577:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9547:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9517:
9509:
9507:91-85377-48-1
9503:
9499:
9492:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9462:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9431:
9423:
9417:
9413:
9406:
9398:
9392:
9388:
9381:
9373:
9367:
9363:
9356:
9348:
9346:0-7172-1601-2
9342:
9338:
9331:
9329:
9322:, p. 115
9321:
9316:
9309:
9304:
9288:
9284:
9283:
9278:
9271:
9255:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9239:
9233:
9228:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9206:
9190:
9186:
9180:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9150:
9134:
9130:
9129:
9124:
9118:
9110:
9108:1-85225-196-4
9104:
9100:
9093:
9074:
9070:
9069:irishrugby.ie
9063:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9033:
9029:
9028:
9020:
9014:
9012:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8985:
8984:"Touch Rugby"
8979:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8948:
8941:
8936:
8921:. 27 May 2023
8920:
8916:
8910:
8895:. 2 June 2023
8894:
8890:
8884:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8842:
8838:
8832:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8809:
8793:
8787:
8771:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8726:
8710:
8706:
8702:
8696:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8666:
8650:
8646:
8642:
8636:
8620:
8616:
8612:
8606:
8590:
8586:
8585:The Telegraph
8582:
8575:
8559:
8555:
8554:
8549:
8543:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8528:
8522:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8492:
8476:
8472:
8466:
8450:
8446:
8440:
8437:. Routledge.
8436:
8435:
8427:
8411:
8407:
8403:
8397:
8381:
8377:
8370:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8342:
8325:
8321:
8315:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8273:
8269:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8238:
8234:
8228:
8212:
8208:
8202:
8183:
8179:
8172:
8166:
8150:
8146:
8145:
8140:
8133:
8125:
8119:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8089:
8073:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8010:
8008:0-9504421-0-0
8004:
8000:
7993:
7977:
7973:
7972:IrishRugby.ie
7969:
7963:
7955:
7949:
7933:
7927:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7896:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7865:
7858:
7853:
7837:
7833:
7826:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7794:
7787:, p. 126
7786:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7761:
7755:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7727:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7663:
7657:, p. 105
7656:
7651:
7644:
7639:
7633:, p. 152
7632:
7627:
7620:
7615:
7599:
7595:
7589:
7583:, p. 127
7582:
7577:
7570:
7565:
7559:, p. 166
7558:
7553:
7546:
7541:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7510:
7504:, p. 148
7503:
7498:
7490:
7488:1-85973-327-1
7484:
7480:
7473:
7457:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7425:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7409:
7402:
7397:
7391:, p. 160
7390:
7385:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7355:
7348:
7343:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7312:
7305:
7300:
7292:
7286:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7275:"Rugby Union"
7272:
7268:
7264:
7258:
7239:
7232:
7226:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7188:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7139:
7123:
7119:
7113:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7082:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7021:
7014:
7009:
7007:
7005:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6973:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6951:AllBlacks.com
6947:
6940:
6924:
6920:
6919:rugbyweek.com
6916:
6910:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6880:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6759:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6674:"Nations Cup"
6669:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6593:
6589:
6583:
6575:
6569:
6553:
6552:irbsevens.com
6549:
6543:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6513:
6497:
6493:
6492:rwcwomens.com
6489:
6483:
6467:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6424:
6420:
6414:
6395:
6391:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6270:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6136:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6065:
6046:
6042:
6041:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6015:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5766:
5762:
5755:
5749:
5747:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5688:
5687:"Law 5: Time"
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5665:
5663:0-7092-0153-2
5659:
5655:
5648:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5616:
5610:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5483:
5479:
5472:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5353:
5347:
5340:. p. 97.
5339:
5332:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5295:
5290:
5283:
5278:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5246:
5240:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4940:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4768:, p. 118
4767:
4762:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4703:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4561:
4556:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4405:
4400:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4349:"The History"
4344:
4342:
4333:
4331:0-908812-30-2
4327:
4323:
4316:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4211:0-415-39616-6
4207:
4203:
4196:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4081:
4074:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3895:National Post
3891:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3853:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3789:Lonely Planet
3786:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3735:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:Sports portal
3639:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3547:for his work
3546:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3505:'s 1908 work
3504:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3452:
3447:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:football code
3271:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3186:Ten man rugby
3183:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:United States
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:United States
2740:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:In 2009, the
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2587:has replaced
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:Côte d'Ivoire
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2317:
2314:before their
2313:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2201:South America
2198:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:South America
2164:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2137:South America
2134:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:Dynamo Moscow
2108:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2077:, joined the
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1979:competition.
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:college sport
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:United States
1874:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:Charles Monro
1803:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
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1612:Oceania Rugby
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1203:pass the ball
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1167:will result.
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1081:In-goal areas
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1017:Field of play
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971:Playing field
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15375:Roller derby
15302:Yacht racing
15262:Water sports
15182:Sepak takraw
15172:Newcomb ball
14928:Bat-and-ball
14798:Longue paume
14793:Jeu de paume
14570:Floor hockey
14558:Field hockey
14303:
14267:Rugby league
13956:minifootball
13936:beach soccer
13798:Sportspeople
13725:Oldest clubs
13607:Rugby league
13552:Old Division
13441:Rugby league
13346:Hybrid codes
13321:Circle rules
13242:
13016:Keepie uppie
12790:Women's SVNS
12776:competitions
12691:competitions
12672:
12664:
12656:
12560:competitions
12186:Coppa Italia
12042:New Zealand
11924:Championship
11793:
11678:Pan American
11668:Crescent Cup
11655:World Games
11128:competitions
11125:
11050:Oldest clubs
10954:Rugby league
10924:Rugby league
10767:Competitions
10751:
10690:
10637:
10630:
10599:Championship
10536:Championship
10479:Planet Rugby
10444:. Retrieved
10440:the original
10424:. Retrieved
10420:the original
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10233:
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10187:
10186:
10168:. Retrieved
10164:the original
10160:rugby365.com
10159:
10150:
10140:23 September
10138:. Retrieved
10129:
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10099:
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9802:
9780:27 September
9778:. Retrieved
9774:the original
9749:. Retrieved
9740:
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9715:the original
9711:The Guardian
9710:
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9689:. Retrieved
9685:the original
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9652:
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9633:25 September
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9624:the original
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9560:the original
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9534:. Retrieved
9525:
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9475:the original
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9451:18 September
9449:. Retrieved
9445:the original
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9405:
9386:
9380:
9361:
9355:
9336:
9315:
9310:, p. 77
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9287:the original
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9179:
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9163:the original
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9139:23 September
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9073:the original
9068:
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9039:. Retrieved
9032:the original
9025:
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8998:. Retrieved
8994:the original
8987:
8978:
8968:23 September
8966:. Retrieved
8957:
8947:
8942:, p. 71
8935:
8923:. Retrieved
8919:The Stormers
8918:
8909:
8897:. Retrieved
8892:
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8871:. Retrieved
8857:
8845:. Retrieved
8840:
8831:
8819:The Guardian
8818:
8808:
8796:. Retrieved
8786:
8776:26 September
8774:. Retrieved
8770:the original
8765:
8756:
8746:25 September
8744:. Retrieved
8735:
8725:
8713:. Retrieved
8705:Rugby Relics
8704:
8695:
8685:17 September
8683:. Retrieved
8674:
8665:
8655:17 September
8653:. Retrieved
8644:
8635:
8623:. Retrieved
8614:
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8589:the original
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8558:the original
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8505:the original
8491:
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8465:
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8433:
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8410:the original
8406:Planet Rugby
8405:
8396:
8384:. Retrieved
8369:
8359:24 September
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8353:the original
8330:24 September
8328:. Retrieved
8324:the original
8314:
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8288:
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7976:the original
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7926:
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7874:
7864:
7859:, p. 15
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7825:
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7809:the original
7780:
7775:, p. 42
7768:
7744:24 September
7742:. Retrieved
7735:
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7705:
7683:20 September
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7672:
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7626:
7621:, p. 92
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7588:
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7547:, p. 48
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7321:
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7306:, p. 74
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7263:Davies, John
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7112:
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7092:The Guardian
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7065:the original
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7015:, p. 11
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6983:usarugby.org
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5311:The Scotsman
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5289:
5284:, p. 62
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4982:rugby.com.au
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4562:, p. 19
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4474:, p. 18
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4122:"Early Laws"
4116:
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4068:
4063:, p. 13
4056:
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4029:
4017:. Retrieved
4013:the original
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3840:. Retrieved
3783:
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3629:Danie Craven
3609:Gerald Laing
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3548:
3539:(1917). The
3506:
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3465:Rugby School
3458:
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3270:Rugby league
3268:
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3149:Dubai Sevens
3137:rugby sevens
3134:
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3101:Rugby sevens
3083:
3074:
2947:New Zealand
2915:South Africa
2822:Competition
2811:
2779:
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2670:
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2632:
2597:
2593:
2581:Home Nations
2577:Five Nations
2576:
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2535:
2511:
2502:
2489:South Africa
2482:
2474:Eiffel Tower
2434:
2426:
2406:
2361:
2349:Eastern Cape
2329:South Africa
2326:
2290:Dubai Sevens
2278:
2235:
2216:
2195:
2189:(1948), and
2160:
2153:playing the
2131:Rugby Europe
2127:
2104:
2072:
2001:
1967:
1957:
1934:
1901:forward pass
1870:
1814:
1791:
1759:
1731:
1710:Global reach
1657:
1627:
1624:, or CONSUR)
1621:
1606:Rugby Europe
1588:Rugby Africa
1582:
1535:
1518:
1495:
1480:
1464:rugby shorts
1457:
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1250:
1229:
1221:
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1172:intermission
1169:
1157:
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1125:
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1093:
1084:
1075:
1071:
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1063:
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1037:
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1024:
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996:Playing area
990:
986:
974:
961:penalty kick
954:
912:
896:
880:
871:
855:
829:
813:
800:
789:) and seven
787:rugby league
780:
746:
738:Heineken Cup
734:shamateurism
730:
722:
710:
690:
683:
680:Teddy Morgan
676:Tom Williams
669:
663:in 1906 and
661:South Africa
654:
650:
624:
616:rugby sevens
585:
576:rugby league
568:
537:
517:
505:Rugby School
490:
455:Bunnings NPC
444:
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392:Rugby Europe
344:South Africa
324:Home Nations
321:
317:rugby league
302:
294:
282:Rugby School
270:
266:
262:
261:
251:Rugby sevens
221:Commonwealth
155:Full contact
123:Team members
36:
32:Rugby league
15441:Turf sports
15431:Team sports
15411:Rugby union
15365:Makura-Nage
15217:pioneerball
15147:Footbag net
15087:Wiffle ball
14778:Gain-ground
14773:Flickerball
14733:Segway polo
14673:Cowboy polo
14536:Ball hockey
14493:intercrosse
14304:Rugby union
14137:Samoa rules
14013:Nine-a-side
14008:Metro footy
13772:Team sports
13682:Memorabilia
13621:Comparisons
13612:Rugby union
13597:Association
13446:Rugby union
13424:Association
13410:regulations
13379:Samoa rules
13359:Boston game
13314:Other codes
13103:Nine-a-side
13098:Metro footy
13065:Three-sided
13050:Rush goalie
12994:Five-a-side
12971:Association
12660:(1993–2005)
12625:Six Nations
12396:Netherlands
12330:South Korea
12113:Varsity Cup
11917:Premiership
11794:rugby union
11693:Tbilisi Cup
11456:Six Nations
11370:Continental
11329:Nations Cup
11308:World Games
11277:Asian Games
11138:World Rugby
11126:rugby union
11025:Rugby union
11008:Comparisons
10907:Comparisons
10853:Samoa rules
10787:Eye-gouging
10752:Rugby union
10558:New Zealand
9691:27 February
9654:World Rugby
9481:27 February
9320:Stubbs 2009
9155:"About AFR"
9123:"Tag Rugby"
9082:27 February
9027:World Rugby
8899:15 December
8893:Rugby World
8847:15 December
8511:4 September
8278:27 February
8144:Rugby World
7938:13 November
7604:28 November
7128:24 December
6962:10 November
6598:20 November
6558:27 February
6522:stuff.co.nz
6390:World Rugby
6345:World Rugby
6215:World Rugby
6111:World Rugby
6040:World Rugby
6003:27 February
5973:27 February
5943:27 February
5906:27 February
5876:27 February
5800:World Rugby
5761:World Rugby
5709:27 February
5695:World Rugby
5623:World Rugby
5461:8 September
5360:World Rugby
5321:1 September
5253:World Rugby
5215:World Rugby
5070:World Rugby
5023:World Rugby
4876:19 November
4766:Stubbs 2009
4647:12 November
4617:12 November
4587:12 November
4545:20 November
4185:12 November
4087:, p. 9
3842:27 February
3586:John Carlin
3572:(1991) and
3545:Jean Jacoby
3531:André Lhote
3529:(1916) and
3491:James Magee
3477:(1922) and
3405:during the
3399:Murrayfield
3326:Association
3213:beach rugby
3162:Touch rugby
3126:Beach rugby
3109:Touch rugby
2833:Attendance
2782:Six Nations
2724:Netherlands
2685:Asian Games
2681:New Zealand
2497:New Zealand
2422:World Rugby
2312:Ivory Coast
2258:South Korea
2083:Six Nations
2056:Netherlands
2016:Netherlands
2008:attendances
1959:Rugby union
1823: 1884
1802:New Zealand
1764:; they are
1649:Super Rugby
1574:Nations Cup
1506:World Rugby
1491:shin guards
1483:mouthguards
1460:rugby shirt
1441:World Rugby
1418:yellow card
749:Tri Nations
742:Super Rugby
657:New Zealand
520:Albert Pell
447:Premiership
407:, Georgia,
340:New Zealand
298:World Rugby
267:rugby union
205:Rugby field
181:Rugby boots
72:World Rugby
57:New Zealand
40:Rugby Union
15416:Ball games
15405:Categories
15385:Tug of war
15343:wheelchair
15295:inner tube
15285:Water polo
15234:Tag sports
15192:Volleyball
15157:Footvolley
15025:Schlagball
14914:Yukigassen
14909:Whirlyball
14887:Tchoukball
14882:Tamburello
14862:Prisonball
14830:wheelchair
14763:Cycle ball
14728:Polocrosse
14713:Arena polo
14678:Cycle polo
14595:ice sledge
14580:Ice hockey
14483:box/indoor
14468:Knattleikr
14397:Yubi lakpi
14366:Wheelchair
14297:wheelchair
14233:Marn grook
14228:Lelo burti
14091:wheelchair
13966:powerchair
13961:paralympic
13885:wheelchair
13848:wheelchair
13823:Basketball
13704:Rugby card
13522:Marn Grook
13364:Eton field
13336:Lelo burti
13305:Wheelchair
13231:Wheelchair
13171:Wheelchair
13113:Variations
13033:Powerchair
13028:Paralympic
12869:Historical
12658:Canada Cup
12171:Celtic Cup
12092:Currie Cup
11893:Australia
11867:Argentina
11792:Top-level
11578:RAN Sevens
11501:U18 Sevens
11213:U20 Trophy
10999:Wheelchair
10888:Wheelchair
10831:Variations
10529:2022 Teams
10485:ESPN Rugby
10473:Rugby Data
10446:16 January
10426:16 January
8625:6 February
8595:5 November
8155:5 November
7716:7 February
6889:consur.org
6259:24 October
5735:7 December
4902:6 February
4848:. London:
4825:6 February
4517:3 December
4132:6 February
4019:1 December
3993:9 December
3964:9 December
3791:. p.
3725:References
3613:Twickenham
3569:Old Scores
3563:Grand Slam
3441:In culture
3371:Dan Carter
3347:See also:
3308:basketball
3227:See also:
3217:snow rugby
3206:garryowens
3202:crash ball
3169:Mini rugby
3156:rugby tens
3117:Mini rugby
3105:Rugby tens
2907:Currie Cup
2828:Countries
2733:The first
2726:played in
2689:1998 games
2677:1998 Games
2675:since the
2619:See also:
1865:See also:
1774:Madagascar
1714:See also:
1594:Asia Rugby
1504:See also:
1472:rugby ball
1278:Set pieces
1239:Breakdowns
1122:Flag posts
949:See also:
883:scrum-half
877:Half-backs
826:Second row
645:James Ryan
463:Currie Cup
459:League One
409:Madagascar
278:team sport
223:countries)
186:Mouthguard
177:(optional)
170:Rugby ball
148:Team sport
15370:Paintball
15355:Hornussen
15323:Bo-taoshi
15187:Throwball
15120:Bossaball
15057:Town ball
15052:Stoolball
15047:Stickball
15035:Fastpitch
15015:Pesäpallo
14948:Brännboll
14943:Baseball5
14877:Roll ball
14872:Quidditch
14768:Dodgeball
14758:Angleball
14722:Snow polo
14693:Horseball
14668:Auto polo
14575:Floorball
14553:Broomball
14392:Jegichagi
14387:Kī-o-rahi
14213:Harpastum
14142:Speedball
14061:eight-man
14018:Rec footy
13941:freestyle
13855:Cestoball
13512:Harpastum
13507:Episkyros
13467:Sheffield
13462:Cambridge
13408:Rules and
13394:Universal
13384:Speedball
13369:Eton wall
13151:Seven-man
13136:Eight-man
13108:Rec footy
13040:Jorkyball
13011:Freestyle
12676:(2015–19)
12668:(2008–13)
12335:Sri Lanka
12315:Hong Kong
12299:Venezuela
12061:Scotland
11688:Super Cup
11229:World Cup
11193:World Cup
11179:Worldwide
10974:Geography
10822:Positions
10782:Equipment
10548:Australia
10543:Argentina
10170:28 August
10110:28 August
10079:28 August
10048:28 August
9992:6 October
9937:28 August
9906:28 August
9876:28 August
9741:BBC Sport
9308:Bath 1997
9232:The Times
9169:18 August
8940:Bath 1997
8715:18 August
8675:BBC Sport
8645:BBC Sport
8564:16 August
8481:18 August
8455:24 August
8416:27 August
8386:18 August
8304:19 August
8243:4 October
7906:BBC Sport
7885:19 August
7875:BBC Sport
7842:19 August
7815:18 August
7706:BBC Sport
7673:BBC Sport
7520:BBC Sport
7462:6 October
7446:"Bermuda"
7430:6 October
7414:"Jamaica"
7374:1 October
7322:BBC Sport
7247:17 August
7215:17 August
7205:BBC Sport
7169:0306-3674
7071:17 August
7041:17 August
7031:BBC Sport
6309:ESPN (UK)
6084:13 August
6074:BBC Sport
5547:18 August
5517:18 August
5487:7 October
5435:18 August
5404:16 August
5154:13 August
5117:13 August
4962:14 August
4866:185201487
4858:0951-9467
4725:13 August
4691:18 August
4637:ESPNscrum
4607:ESPNscrum
4577:ESPNscrum
4453:6 October
4305:13 August
3768:Footnotes
3602:apartheid
3463:, set at
3427:Barcelona
3413:defeated
3411:Racing 92
3403:Edinburgh
3397:12–10 at
3393:defeated
3375:Lithuania
3312:jump ball
3263:Tom Wills
3261:in 1859,
3194:line-outs
3175:Tag Rugby
3113:Tag rugby
2765:) before
2345:bourgeois
2270:Hong Kong
2254:Singapore
2227:Sri Lanka
2163:Argentina
2161:Although
2133:in 2014.
2125:matches.
2117:in 1933.
1798:Australia
1754:Argentina
1448:Equipment
1348:Crusaders
1263:ankle-tap
1145:Goalposts
965:drop goal
915:full-back
909:Full-back
810:Front row
757:Argentina
698:Cambridge
665:Australia
600:Edinburgh
493:harpastum
364:Argentina
336:Australia
307:to leave
290:goalposts
175:Scrum cap
163:Equipment
132:Mixed-sex
103:8,400,000
78:Nicknames
15390:Ultimate
15328:Buzkashi
15212:standing
15125:Fistball
15092:Wireball
15030:Softball
15020:Rounders
14990:Kickball
14973:Twenty20
14953:Corkball
14938:Baseball
14902:Llargues
14867:Pushball
14842:Kin-Ball
14810:Handball
14805:Goalball
14738:Yak polo
14698:Motoball
14607:Rinkball
14602:Ringette
14478:Lacrosse
14447:Super11s
14433:Gateball
14223:La soule
14169:football
14071:nine-man
14047:Gridiron
13986:teqball
13912:Football
13902:Slamball
13897:Ringball
13865:Korfball
13580:American
13527:Medieval
13517:La soule
13434:American
13429:Gridiron
13183:Canadian
13146:Nine-man
13131:American
13123:Gridiron
12814:Regional
12588:Regional
12411:Portugal
12325:Malaysia
12277:Americas
12106:Gold Cup
12080:1872 Cup
11971:Ireland
11912:England
11861:Domestic
11723:Super 10
11073:Category
10969:Gameplay
10797:Glossary
10792:Gameplay
10134:Archived
10130:BBC News
10104:Archived
10073:Archived
10069:BBC News
9900:Archived
9840:Archived
9835:L'Équipe
9807:Archived
9751:12 March
9745:Archived
9659:Archived
9556:iwrf.com
9530:Archived
9260:12 March
9189:Archived
8962:Archived
8867:Archived
8823:Archived
8798:30 March
8740:Archived
8709:Archived
8679:Archived
8649:Archived
8619:Archived
8615:BBC News
8475:Archived
8449:Archived
8380:Archived
8298:Archived
8272:Archived
8237:Archived
8211:Archived
8149:Archived
8102:Archived
8078:5 August
8035:Archived
7910:Archived
7879:Archived
7836:Archived
7754:cite web
7710:Archived
7677:Archived
7598:Archived
7524:Archived
7326:Archived
7209:Archived
7122:Archived
7096:Archived
7035:Archived
6893:Archived
6592:Archived
6568:cite web
6313:Archived
6156:15 March
6078:Archived
5846:26 April
5599:21 March
5593:Archived
5567:Archived
5541:Archived
5511:Archived
5429:Archived
5398:Archived
5315:Archived
5148:Archived
4992:29 April
4956:Archived
4928:21 March
4745:Archived
4719:Archived
4641:Archived
4611:Archived
4581:Archived
4511:Archived
4447:Archived
4421:Archived
4357:Archived
4267:22 March
4261:Archived
4126:Archived
4108:Archived
4103:BBC News
3958:Archived
3929:Archived
3900:Archived
3833:Archived
3635:See also
3588:'s book
3581:Invictus
3578:(2008).
3519:(1912),
3423:Camp Nou
3391:Scotland
3095:Variants
2831:Average
2722:and the
2565:Scotland
2357:Rhodesia
2337:Zimbabwe
2296:and the
2231:Malaysia
2193:(1968).
2191:Paraguay
2113:and the
2096:Portugal
2060:Portugal
1994:playing
1945:Barbados
1924:and the
1910:Grey Cup
1873:Canada's
1738:Scotland
1698:and the
1664:Scotland
1643:and the
1576:and the
1542:rankings
1487:headgear
1414:red card
1352:Brumbies
1313:line-out
1256:Tackling
887:fly-half
885:and the
862:number 8
860:and the
858:flankers
852:Back row
797:Forwards
783:forwards
592:Scotland
403:include
397:de facto
211:Presence
65:Highest
59:in 2006.
15338:Curling
15318:Airsoft
15247:Kho kho
15242:Kabaddi
15207:sitting
15115:Biribol
15067:Vitilla
15040:16-inch
15000:Matball
14963:One Day
14958:Cricket
14837:Kaatsen
14718:Chovgan
14617:in-line
14505:Ritinis
14498:women's
14443:Camogie
14438:Hurling
14272:masters
14193:Camping
14178:Ba game
14076:six-man
14030:Ladies'
13931:amputee
13892:Rezball
13870:Netball
13860:Dueball
13573:History
13537:Camping
13389:Swedish
13206:Masters
13156:Six-man
13070:Walking
13021:Footbag
12979:Amputee
12698:Élite 1
12650:Defunct
12462:Oceania
12441:Ukraine
12416:Romania
12381:Germany
12376:Georgia
12371:Finland
12366:Denmark
12356:Belgium
12351:Austria
12294:Uruguay
12144:Defunct
12066:Super 6
11945:France
11632:Defunct
11515:Oceania
11244:Rugby X
11168:Oceania
11083:Commons
10979:History
10962:General
10898:Rugby X
10893:Women's
10802:History
10760:General
10592:Seasons
10400:On Tour
10183:Sources
9846:25 June
8873:28 July
8217:25 June
8108:9 March
8041:8 March
7982:8 March
7916:18 July
7187:7894952
7178:1332081
6768:IRB.com
6738:IRB.com
6708:IRB.com
6678:IRB.com
6648:IRB.com
6618:IRB.com
6548:"Rules"
5573:25 June
4751:25 June
3906:8 March
3619:at the
3474:Ulysses
3417:in the
3141:Melrose
3046:Romania
3012:Georgia
3004:Didi 10
2978:England
2962:France
2898:France
2863:England
2802:Ireland
2769:won in
2767:England
2739:in 1991
2728:Utrecht
2557:Ireland
2549:England
2530:Finland
2416:at the
2351:and in
2286:Bahrain
2179:Uruguay
2052:Romania
2028:Romania
2020:Germany
2012:Belgium
1996:Belgium
1992:Germany
1953:Bermuda
1949:Jamaica
1788:Oceania
1770:Georgia
1742:Ireland
1734:England
1726:Cardiff
1696:Romania
1688:Georgia
1668:Ireland
1660:England
1629:SANZAAR
1360:offside
1301:Lineout
1291:Georgia
1287:Ireland
1112:penalty
945:Scoring
899:centres
604:Ireland
596:England
544:hacking
481:History
356:Oceania
352:Georgia
332:Ireland
326:of the
273:, is a
229:Olympic
152:Outdoor
113:Contact
15360:Jereed
15202:indoor
15177:Peteca
15162:Jianzi
15062:Vigoro
14847:Lagori
14661:sports
14634:Shinny
14563:indoor
14529:sports
14527:Hockey
14510:Shinty
14473:Knotty
14463:Iomain
14428:Cammag
14412:sports
14324:sevens
14287:sevens
14218:Kemari
14198:Cnapan
14157:Volata
14122:Austus
14113:Hybrid
14081:sprint
13981:street
13946:futsal
13880:indoor
13590:Modern
13542:Cnapan
13455:Former
13417:Modern
13399:Volata
13354:Austus
13331:Harrow
13326:Gaelic
13263:Sevens
13221:Sevens
13201:League
13161:Sprint
13060:Street
13045:Roller
13004:Indoor
12999:Futsal
12871:firsts
12783:Global
12567:Global
12436:Sweden
12426:Serbia
12421:Russia
12406:Poland
12401:Norway
12386:Greece
12344:Europe
12289:Brazil
12261:Africa
12120:Wales
12099:SA Cup
12009:Japan
11990:Italy
11957:Pro D2
11950:Top 14
11449:Europe
11377:Africa
11153:Europe
11143:Africa
10654:Trophy
10567:Trophy
10387:
10364:
10337:
10309:
10286:
10267:
10221:
10202:
10102:. UK.
10071:. UK.
10015:
9960:
9813:14 May
9721:30 May
9504:
9418:
9393:
9368:
9343:
9249:RTÉ.ie
9195:8 June
9105:
8925:27 May
8441:
8005:
7485:
7287:
7185:
7175:
7167:
6993:11 May
6804:4 June
6319:4 June
5660:
4864:
4856:
4328:
4208:
4044:
3867:
3799:
3453:(1908)
3415:Toulon
3387:Sydney
3247:, and
3190:scrums
3115:, and
3029:Russia
2955:Pro D2
2891:Top 14
2825:Teams
2720:France
2696:, are
2627:, and
2601:SANZAR
2553:France
2377:Zambia
2373:Uganda
2353:Harare
2323:Africa
2294:Israel
2175:Brazil
2147:Alumni
2107:Russia
2068:Sweden
2066:, and
2032:Poland
2014:, the
2004:Europe
1983:Europe
1750:France
1680:Canada
1676:France
1548:, the
1538:Dublin
1529:
1523:
1470:. The
1372:tunnel
1318:hooker
820:hooker
702:Oxford
501:cnapan
451:Top 14
419:, and
384:Canada
348:France
93:Rugger
15290:canoe
15197:beach
15167:Jokgu
15140:Rugby
15130:Fives
14995:Lapta
14930:games
14892:Ulama
14825:field
14820:Czech
14815:beach
14590:power
14541:Bandy
14488:field
14423:Bando
14361:Touch
14344:touch
14339:Tambo
14314:beach
14282:nines
14260:codes
14258:Rugby
14171:codes
14115:codes
14086:touch
14049:codes
13976:socca
13915:codes
13875:Fast5
13843:water
13828:beach
13783:Sport
13585:Early
13300:Touch
13295:Tambo
13278:Touch
13253:Beach
13243:Union
13216:Nines
13193:Rugby
13178:Arena
13166:Touch
13055:Swamp
12984:Beach
12766:(ZAR)
12754:(SCO)
12748:(ITA)
12742:(USA)
12736:(USA)
12730:(USA)
12724:(IRL)
12718:(AUS)
12712:(NZL)
12706:(ENG)
12700:(FRA)
12479:Tonga
12474:Samoa
12431:Spain
12391:Malta
12320:India
12268:Kenya
11649:(15s)
11641:(15s)
11222:Women
10883:Touch
10873:Tambo
10843:Beach
10579:Tonga
10574:Samoa
9665:2 May
9627:(PDF)
9616:(PDF)
9076:(PDF)
9065:(PDF)
9035:(PDF)
9022:(PDF)
8185:(PDF)
8174:(PDF)
7241:(PDF)
7234:(PDF)
6397:(PDF)
6386:(PDF)
6352:(PDF)
6341:(PDF)
6223:(PDF)
6210:(PDF)
6119:(PDF)
6106:(PDF)
6048:(PDF)
6035:(PDF)
5807:(PDF)
5796:(PDF)
5768:(PDF)
5757:(PDF)
5703:(PDF)
5690:(PDF)
5631:(PDF)
5618:(PDF)
5368:(PDF)
5355:(PDF)
5261:(PDF)
5248:(PDF)
5223:(PDF)
5210:(PDF)
5078:(PDF)
5065:(PDF)
5031:(PDF)
5018:(PDF)
3836:(PDF)
3825:(PDF)
3730:Notes
3549:Rugby
3395:Wales
3128:match
2881:Japan
2702:China
2698:Japan
2569:Wales
2561:Italy
2526:Kotka
2369:Kenya
2262:China
2238:Japan
2219:India
2187:Chile
2151:Hindú
2075:Italy
2048:Italy
2036:Italy
2024:Spain
1839:Tonga
1835:union
1831:Samoa
1782:Tonga
1778:Samoa
1746:Wales
1692:Japan
1684:Italy
1672:Wales
1468:boots
1410:scrum
1344:scrum
1328:Scrum
1232:touch
1161:scrum
1012:area.
963:or a
903:wings
868:Backs
832:locks
816:props
804:scrum
791:backs
608:Wales
421:Wales
417:Tonga
413:Samoa
372:Japan
368:Italy
313:split
271:rugby
201:Venue
90:Rugby
84:Union
15350:Guts
15222:snow
15135:Eton
15005:Oină
14968:Test
14708:Polo
14703:Pato
14659:Polo
14622:quad
14585:pond
14546:rink
14382:Cuju
14349:tens
14329:snow
14319:mini
14208:Cuju
14183:Caid
14066:flag
13998:AFLX
13833:deaf
13492:Cuju
13487:Caid
13283:Tens
13268:Snow
13258:Mini
13141:Flag
13088:AFLX
12989:Crab
12469:Fiji
12308:Asia
11657:(7s)
11413:Asia
11297:(7s)
11284:(7s)
11271:(7s)
11148:Asia
10984:Laws
10863:Snow
10848:Mini
10812:Laws
10698:2022
10692:2021
10686:2020
10681:2019
10676:2018
10671:2017
10666:2016
10661:2015
10645:2022
10639:2021
10632:2020
10626:2019
10621:2018
10616:2017
10611:2016
10606:2015
10553:Fiji
10448:2011
10428:2011
10385:ISBN
10362:ISBN
10335:ISBN
10307:ISBN
10284:ISBN
10265:ISBN
10219:ISBN
10200:ISBN
10172:2011
10142:2011
10112:2011
10081:2011
10050:2011
10013:ISBN
9994:2011
9958:ISBN
9939:2011
9908:2011
9878:2011
9848:2016
9815:2016
9803:ESPN
9782:2011
9753:2017
9723:2010
9693:2014
9667:2017
9635:2011
9595:2011
9568:2015
9538:2011
9502:ISBN
9483:2014
9453:2011
9416:ISBN
9391:ISBN
9366:ISBN
9341:ISBN
9295:2011
9262:2010
9197:2005
9171:2011
9141:2011
9103:ISBN
9084:2014
9043:2015
9002:2011
8970:2011
8927:2023
8901:2023
8875:2020
8849:2023
8800:2017
8778:2011
8748:2011
8717:2011
8687:2011
8657:2011
8627:2010
8597:2010
8566:2011
8513:2011
8483:2011
8457:2022
8439:ISBN
8418:2010
8388:2011
8361:2011
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