1084:, which literally translates as "legal state". Its closest English analogue is "the rule of law". The Russian legal state concept adopts the written constitution as the country's supreme law (the rule of constitution). It is a fundamental but undefined principle that appears in the very first dispositive provision of Russia's post-communist constitution: "The Russian Federation – Russia – constitutes a democratic federative legal state with a republican form of governance." Similarly, the very first dispositive provision of Ukraine's constitution declares that "Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state." Hence, the effort to invest meaning to the "legal state" definition is anything but theoretical.
2846:
816:
2860:
1090:, President of the Constitutional Court of Russia, wrote in 2003, "Becoming a legal state has long been our ultimate goal, and we have certainly made serious progress in this direction over the past several years. However, no one can say now that we have reached this destination. Such a legal state simply cannot exist without a lawful and just society. Here, as in no other sphere of our life, the state reflects the level of maturity reached by the society."
953:(Russian). The latter doctrine is the product of continental European legal thought, which had adopted it from German legal philosophy. Its name can be translated into English as "state of law"—meaning the state in which the exercise of governmental power is kept in check by the higher law rather than by the changeable law established by this state.
1042:
Therefore, the unwritten and universally self-explanatory principles of equality, autonomy, dignity, and respect are said to overrule conventional written laws enacted by the government. It is those principles that are often referred to as "natural law". They also constitute the basis of the "higher
1011:
In some countries, political leaders assert that the rule of law is purely a procedural concept. Therefore, they argue that any government may strip its subjects of their fundamental freedoms or infringe their vital interests so long as that is done by way of a duly-implemented legal mechanism. For
905:
jurisdictions, as opposed to natural law which is largely associated with common law. "To recognize the necessary connection between the rule of law as an ideal and well-constructed constitutional government does not and should not be taken to imply that all states can or should maintain the same
1037:
that "no one is above the law", the rule of law requires the government to treat all persons equally under the law. However, the proclaimed right to equal treatment is susceptible to instantly becoming void each time the government denies a sufficient level of respect, dignity, and autonomy to a
1068:
created using principles of the Higher Law. This supremacy meant creating guarantees for the implementation of his central idea: a permanently peaceful life as a basic condition for the happiness and prosperity of the citizens. Kant was basing his doctrine exclusively on the idea of
1028:
In other countries, conversely, political leaders assert that all written laws must be kept in line with the universal principles of morality, fairness, and justice. These leaders argue that, as a necessary
1024:
argued that they had broken none of the laws that were effective when Hitler had been in power. It was only by invoking the rule according to a higher law that the Allied prosecutors overcame such defenses.
912:
is a practical approach to the implementation of the higher law theory that creates a bridge of mutual understanding (with regard to universal legal values) between the
English-language doctrine of the
861:
is a statement which expresses that no law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain universal principles (written or unwritten) of fairness, morality, and justice. Thus,
1367:
for
General Assembly resolution 95(I) of 11 December 1946 (Affirmation of the Principles of International Law recognized by the Charter of the Nürnberg Tribunal) on the website of the
1642:
1064:
in his latest works completed after the U.S. and French constitutions had been adopted in the late 18th century. Kant's approach is based on the supremacy of country's written
1107:
897:—the choice depending on the viewpoint; no matter the source, it is a law above the law. It is in this capacity that it possesses the equal legal value for both the
1496:
981:
were legally denied equal rights and freedoms pursuant to formally valid codes prescribing the relations between master and slave. Although these codes were
844:
1004:
Generally speaking, the occurrence of such "justly enacted unjust laws" fully depends on the stance taken by the country's political leadership towards
881:
The idea of a law of ultimate justice over and above the momentary law of the state—a higher law—was first introduced into post-Roman Europe by the
1624:
1605:
17:
1646:
1060:
doctrine (legal state, state of right, constitutional state, constitutional government) was first introduced by the German philosopher
1080:, was (and still is) based primarily upon the German legal tradition. It was from the latter that Russia had adopted the doctrine of
61:
1606:
Philip P. Wiener, ed., "Dictionary of the
History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas", (David Fellman, "Constitutionalism")
2827:
275:
2900:
1467:
837:
1381:
Constitutions
Without Constitutionalism: The Failure of Constitutionalism in Brazil, The Rule of Law in Comparative Perspectives
1619:
1560:
The Story of the LAW and the Men Who Made It—From the
Earliest Times to the Present: Revised and Updated Edition of "The Law"
1392:
1330:
1307:
1160:
830:
1076:
The
Russian legal system, born in the 19th century as a result of the transformations initiated by the reforms of the
2253:
1811:
1710:
1461:
1320:
1224:
998:
865:
may serve as a practical legal criterion to qualify the instances of political or economical decision-making, when a
2367:
2236:
2822:
2169:
2070:
715:
2329:
1963:
1130:
1124:
522:
477:
1278:
Leslie F. Goldstein, "Popular
Sovereignty, the Origins of Judicial Review, and the Revival of Unwritten Law",
965:
in the sense of not just a matter of judging institutions and rules, but of judging the societies themselves.
1682:
1612:
Herman Belz, "A Living
Constitution or Fundamental Law? American Constitutionalism in Historical Perspective"
348:
2489:
1968:
1468:
Kant’s
Principles of Politics, including his essay on Perpetual Peace. A Contribution to Political Science
2920:
2484:
1410:
882:
542:
57:
2905:
2459:
1958:
1456:(in 13 volumes), 2nd Ed., edited by Jeffrey Lehman and Shirelle Phelps. Publisher: Thomson Gale, 2004.
363:
2542:
1500:
1322:
Bruges, the Bridge between
Civilizations: The 75 Anniversary of the Roerich Pact, Grid Belgium, 2010
2910:
2337:
2319:
1492:
1094:
902:
113:
2671:
2712:
2499:
1988:
1973:
1118:
771:
338:
2767:
2752:
1077:
786:
353:
1594:
1016:, in an attempt to justify their crimes against Jewish and Romani population of Europe during
2871:
2464:
2142:
1953:
1145: – Set of rules or procedures through which judgements can be determined in a legal case
1112:
781:
644:
241:
2915:
2592:
1938:
1523:
1154:
8:
2747:
1887:
1804:
1166:
987:
fully suitable for application in legal practice, their enforcement by the US government
705:
614:
571:
358:
123:
1527:
2562:
2221:
2075:
2060:
2038:
1782:
1762:
1715:
1705:
1583:
1539:
974:
343:
128:
103:
1473:
1241:
Republican Legal Theory: The History, Constitution and Purposes of Law in a Free State
2547:
2469:
2307:
2050:
2045:
1998:
1923:
1917:
1757:
1675:
1615:
1587:
1547:
1480:
1457:
1388:
1326:
1303:
1220:
1178:
1151: – Belief that politics should be constrained by legal constitutional boundaries
1070:
994:
978:
957:
mentioned that the legal theorists in ancient India used the classical Sanskrit term
917:, traditional for the countries of common law, and the originally German doctrine of
894:
776:
497:
328:
280:
108:
41:
2552:
2519:
2018:
1882:
1877:
1842:
1611:
1575:
1531:
1384:
1364:
1342:
1299:
1291:
1236:
1148:
1013:
609:
532:
502:
376:
118:
98:
1535:
1302:
and Tadeusz Tomaszewski, Heidelberg – London – New York: Springer, 2010, pp. 4–5.
1097:
which serves as a practical implementation of the higher law theory in economics.
2801:
2774:
2762:
2742:
2676:
2654:
2634:
2629:
2609:
2474:
2454:
2449:
2352:
2312:
2023:
1948:
1872:
1857:
1777:
1405:
1387:
and Tadeusz Tomaszewski, Springer, Heidelberg – London – New York, 2010, p. 101.
1005:
820:
793:
649:
639:
436:
333:
1566:
Buchanan, James M. (1 December 1990). "The domain of constitutional economics".
2878:
2686:
2604:
2193:
2159:
2110:
2095:
1867:
1772:
1752:
1742:
1485:
1142:
798:
729:
634:
467:
381:
1197: – International treaty for the protection of important cultural heritage
2894:
2732:
2691:
2577:
2557:
2529:
2479:
2444:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2357:
2297:
2137:
2127:
2085:
2008:
2003:
1933:
1892:
1816:
1598:
1136:
1087:
1061:
869:, even though acting in conformity with clearly defined and properly enacted
685:
580:
482:
472:
313:
2864:
2614:
2582:
2537:
2275:
2270:
2241:
2154:
2132:
2100:
2033:
2013:
1907:
1847:
1837:
1789:
1747:
1725:
1668:
1551:
1194:
1065:
1021:
1017:
997:
famously proclaimed that slavery is forbidden under "a higher law than the
734:
661:
655:
629:
624:
600:
590:
527:
416:
236:
160:
2786:
2727:
2717:
2514:
2509:
2347:
2248:
2164:
2123:
2090:
2055:
1978:
1902:
1852:
1767:
1440:, edited by Francis Neate and Holly Nielsen, Justitsinform, Moscow, 2007.
1189:
1056:
993:
violated the basic human rights of a significant part of the population.
954:
919:
914:
890:
739:
724:
666:
537:
401:
200:
195:
175:
165:
155:
31:
815:
2850:
2779:
2659:
2597:
2342:
2263:
2258:
2216:
2198:
2186:
2147:
1993:
1983:
1943:
1928:
1912:
1862:
1799:
1794:
1579:
1543:
898:
886:
866:
744:
700:
695:
690:
676:
517:
308:
190:
185:
49:
2757:
2722:
2664:
2639:
2504:
2401:
2389:
2374:
2362:
2290:
2208:
2181:
2065:
1172:
1030:
873:, still produces results which many observers find unfair or unjust.
547:
441:
431:
426:
411:
406:
396:
270:
231:
220:
215:
205:
170:
138:
82:
77:
2845:
2806:
2791:
2494:
2379:
2176:
1720:
989:
619:
180:
150:
93:
1514:
Buchanan, James M. (1987). "The Constitution of Economic Policy".
1127: – Body of international law designed to promote human rights
960:
2696:
2644:
2624:
2572:
2384:
2302:
2118:
2080:
2028:
983:
421:
258:
248:
27:
Belief that universal principles of morality override unjust laws
1093:
The Russian concept of legal state has adopted many segments of
885:
jurists. "Higher law" can be interpreted in this context as the
2796:
2649:
2394:
2285:
2280:
2226:
1897:
1157: – Guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime
585:
1368:
2737:
2681:
2587:
2428:
2231:
1730:
1038:
certain class of individuals or to human rights in general.
1034:
1296:
An Introduction. The Rule of Law in Comparative Perspectives
2619:
2567:
2423:
1821:
1737:
923:, translated into other languages of continental Europe as
1508:
The "Higher Law" Background of American Constitutional Law
1267:
The "Higher Law" Background of American Constitutional Law
1691:
1184:
870:
1486:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
1163: – Overview of Immanuel Kant's political philosophy
1625:
Louis Michael Seidman, "Critical Constitutionalism Now"
1471:, translation by W. Hastie, Edinburgh: Clark, 1891. In
1438:
The World Rule of Law Movement and Russian Legal Reform
1345:, Robert L. Nelson, Lee Cabating and Paul Lepore, ed.,
1660:
1414:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 196–7.
948:
1614:(Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 1998),
1215:Lehman, Jeffrey and Phelps, Shirelle, ed. (2004).
1181:– branch of philosophy examining the nature of law
1175: – Form of government with religious leaders
2892:
1510:(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1955)
958:
1676:
942:
936:
930:
838:
924:
1369:UN Audiovisual Library of International Law
1683:
1669:
893:or basic legal values, established in the
845:
831:
62:List of countries by system of government
2828:History of the American legal profession
1565:
1513:
906:constitutional structures in practice".
1501:Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge
1474:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
1424:Peter Barenboim, "Defining the rules",
1349:, London and New York: Routledge, 2010.
14:
2893:
1347:Global Perspectives on the Rule of Law
1133:– law of war to protect non-combatants
1664:
1562:(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962).
1404:
1161:Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant
1645:. Innertemple.org.uk. Archived from
1365:Introductory note by Antonio Cassese
1454:West's Encyclopedia of American Law
1217:West's Encyclopedia of American Law
24:
1341:Amartya Sen, "Global justice", in
1243:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
1115: – Area of constitutional law
863:the rule according to a higher law
25:
2932:
1812:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1635:
2859:
2858:
2844:
1568:Constitutional Political Economy
1139: – Theoretical study of law
1020:, some of the former leaders of
910:The rule according to higher law
814:
2823:History of the legal profession
1608:, vol 1, p. 485 (1973–74).
1595:"Economics and the Rule of Law"
1489:(8th Edition, Macmillan, 1915).
1431:
1418:
1398:
1373:
1358:
1319:Peter Barenboim, Naeem Sidiqi.
1073:and constitutional government.
2901:Legal doctrines and principles
1352:
1335:
1313:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1246:
1230:
1209:
1131:International humanitarian law
1125:International human rights law
1047:
859:rule according to a higher law
523:Intergovernmental organisation
478:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
1536:10.1126/science.236.4807.1433
1202:
1516:The American Economic Review
320:(socio-political ideologies)
18:Rule According to Higher Law
7:
1411:The Constitution of Liberty
1100:
968:
959:
949:
876:
388:(socio-economic ideologies)
58:List of forms of government
10:
2937:
2490:International legal theory
1969:International slavery laws
1964:International human rights
1959:International criminal law
1447:
1169: – Form of government
1121: – Judicial principle
29:
2838:
2815:
2705:
2543:Administration of justice
2528:
2437:
2328:
2207:
2109:
1830:
1698:
1499:, Centre for Public Law,
1428:, Issue 90, October 2009.
943:
509:(geo-cultural ideologies)
2320:Basic structure doctrine
2170:Natural and legal rights
2051:Public international law
1219:, 2nd ed. Thomson Gale.
1108:Constitutional economics
1095:constitutional economics
30:Not to be confused with
2500:Principle of typicality
1974:International trade law
1690:
1119:Equality before the law
772:Administrative division
716:International relations
1643:"Democracy Conference"
937:
931:
925:
2495:Principle of legality
2254:Delegated legislation
1954:Intellectual property
1631:575, 586 (Nov. 2006).
1113:Constitutional theory
782:Democratic transition
645:Self-governing colony
242:Military dictatorship
2713:Barristers' chambers
2655:Legal representation
2593:Justice of the peace
1939:Financial regulation
1379:Augusto Zimmermann,
1254:The Story of the LAW
1155:Nuremberg principles
1078:Emperor Alexander II
950:pravovoe gosudarstvo
944:Правовое государство
2748:Election commission
2460:Expressive function
1989:Landlord–tenant law
1888:Consumer protection
1528:1987Sci...236.1433B
1426:The European Lawyer
1280:Journal of Politics
1167:Religious democracy
821:Politics portal
706:Supranational union
615:Dependent territory
528:National government
2921:Constitutional law
2706:Legal institutions
2573:Lawsuit/Litigation
2563:Dispute resolution
2368:Catholic canon law
2076:State of emergency
2039:Will and testament
1763:Law of obligations
1716:Constitutional law
1706:Administrative law
1629:Fordham Law Review
1580:10.1007/BF02393031
1558:Wormser, René A.,
1506:Edward S. Corwin,
1265:Edward S. Corwin,
975:American Civil War
883:Catholic canon law
2906:Philosophy of law
2888:
2887:
2548:Constitutionalism
2470:Law and economics
2308:Act of parliament
2046:Product liability
1999:Legal archaeology
1924:Environmental law
1918:Entertainment law
1758:International law
1620:978-0-8476-8643-8
1497:"The Rule of Law"
1393:978-90-481-3749-7
1331:978-5-98856-114-9
1308:978-90-481-3749-7
1237:Sellers, M. N. S.
1179:Philosophy of law
1071:constitutionalism
995:William H. Seward
979:African Americans
932:estado de derecho
895:international law
855:
854:
806:
805:
777:Democracy indices
752:
751:
555:
554:
364:Semi-presidential
289:
288:
16:(Redirected from
2928:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2848:
2672:Question of fact
2553:Criminal justice
1883:Construction law
1878:Conflict of laws
1843:Agricultural law
1685:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1591:
1555:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1406:Hayek, Friedrich
1402:
1396:
1385:Mortimer Sellers
1377:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1343:James J. Heckman
1339:
1333:
1317:
1311:
1300:Mortimer Sellers
1292:Mortimer Sellers
1289:
1283:
1282:48 (1986): 51–71
1276:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1149:Liberal legalism
1044:
1014:Nuremberg trials
1012:example, at the
964:
952:
946:
945:
940:
938:stato di diritto
934:
928:
847:
840:
833:
819:
818:
766:
765:
610:Associated state
568:
567:
543:Internationalism
533:World government
510:
389:
321:
302:
301:
276:Free association
263:
224:
143:
86:
74:
73:
37:
36:
21:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2911:Theories of law
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2857:
2843:
2834:
2811:
2802:Political party
2775:Legal education
2763:Law enforcement
2743:Court of equity
2701:
2677:Question of law
2630:Practice of law
2610:Judicial review
2524:
2475:Legal formalism
2455:Comparative law
2450:Contract theory
2433:
2353:Legal pluralism
2324:
2313:Act of Congress
2237:Executive order
2203:
2105:
2024:Nationality law
1949:Immigration law
1873:Competition law
1826:
1694:
1689:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1493:Bingham, Thomas
1450:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1423:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1378:
1374:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1340:
1336:
1318:
1314:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1231:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1103:
1052:
1041:
1006:the rule of law
971:
941:(Italian), and
879:
851:
813:
808:
807:
794:Democratisation
787:Autocratization
763:
755:
754:
753:
710:
671:
650:Tributary state
640:Satellite state
595:
565:
564:Power structure
557:
556:
508:
507:
489:
460:
446:
437:Totalitarianism
387:
386:
368:
319:
318:
299:
291:
290:
285:
261:
253:
218:
210:
141:
133:
80:
71:
70:Source of power
48:Basic forms of
42:Politics series
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2854:
2851:Law portal
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
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2760:
2755:
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2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Trial advocacy
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
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2545:
2540:
2534:
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2526:
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2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
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2447:
2441:
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2434:
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2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
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2399:
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2377:
2372:
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2355:
2350:
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2340:
2334:
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2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2217:Ballot measure
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2194:Legal treatise
2191:
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1699:Core subjects
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1649:on 2010-05-28
1648:
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1617:
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1602:(2008-03-13).
1601:
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1599:The Economist
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1503:(2006-11-16).
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1481:Dicey, Albert
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1462:0-7876-6367-0
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1137:Jurisprudence
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1088:Valery Zorkin
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1062:Immanuel Kant
1059:
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926:état de droit
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581:Unitary state
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483:State atheism
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473:Secular state
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377:Authoritarian
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354:Parliamentary
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142:(rule by few)
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33:
19:
2877:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2615:Jurisdiction
2583:Legal remedy
2538:Adjudication
2438:Legal theory
2276:Ratification
2271:Promulgation
2242:Proclamation
2222:Codification
2155:Human rights
2143:Divine right
2133:Constitution
2101:Women in law
2019:Military law
2014:Marriage law
2009:Maritime law
1908:Election law
1848:Aviation law
1838:Abortion law
1790:Property law
1726:Criminal law
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1628:
1597:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1409:
1400:
1383:, edited by
1380:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1321:
1315:
1298:, edited by
1295:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1216:
1211:
1195:Roerich Pact
1092:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1066:constitution
1055:
1053:
1048:
1043:law theory".
1040:
1027:
1022:Nazi Germany
1018:World War II
1010:
1003:
999:Constitution
988:
982:
972:
918:
909:
908:
880:
862:
858:
856:
735:Middle power
662:Vassal state
656:Buffer state
654:
630:Puppet state
625:Protectorate
601:Client state
591:Principality
417:Distributism
359:Presidential
237:Dictatorship
161:Gerontocracy
83:rule by many
56:
40:Part of the
2916:Sovereignty
2787:Legislature
2718:Bureaucracy
2515:Rule of man
2510:Rule of law
2485:Libertarian
2348:Chinese law
2249:Legislation
2199:Regulations
2187:Law reports
2165:Natural law
2061:Reparations
2056:Refugee law
1979:Jurimetrics
1920:(Media law)
1858:Banking law
1853:Amnesty law
1831:Disciplines
1768:Private law
1574:(1): 1–18.
1190:Natural law
1082:Rechtsstaat
1057:Rechtsstaat
1049:Rechtsstaat
1008:principle.
973:Before the
955:Amartya Sen
935:(Spanish),
920:Rechtsstaat
915:rule of law
891:natural law
740:Great power
725:Small power
667:Viceroyalty
538:Nationalism
402:Colonialism
382:Libertarian
344:Directorial
221:rule by one
201:Technocracy
196:Stratocracy
176:Meritocracy
166:Kleptocracy
156:Aristocracy
32:rule of law
2895:Categories
2780:Law school
2660:Prosecutor
2598:Magistrate
2385:Jewish law
2343:Common law
2264:Rulemaking
2259:Regulation
2209:Law making
2148:Divine law
2124:Legal code
2071:Sports law
1994:Law of war
1944:Health law
1929:Family law
1913:Energy law
1863:Bankruptcy
1800:Punishment
1795:Public law
1653:2010-08-22
1203:References
929:(French),
867:government
745:Superpower
701:Superstate
696:Federation
691:Devolution
677:Federalism
518:City-state
191:Plutocracy
186:Particracy
50:government
2758:Judiciary
2753:Executive
2728:The bench
2665:Solicitor
2640:Barrister
2520:Sociology
2505:Pseudolaw
2445:Anarchist
2402:Roman law
2390:Parsi law
2375:Hindu law
2363:Canon law
2338:Civil law
2291:Concordat
2182:Precedent
2091:Trust law
2066:Space law
1903:Drugs law
1773:Procedure
1711:Civil law
1588:144307393
1256:, pg. 189
1252:Wormser,
1173:Theocracy
1031:corollary
903:civil law
572:Unitarism
548:Globalism
454:Religious
442:Tribalism
432:Socialism
427:Feudalism
412:Despotism
407:Communism
397:Anarchism
334:Communist
281:Stateless
271:Anarchism
232:Despotism
216:Autocracy
206:Theocracy
171:Kritarchy
139:Oligarchy
124:Socialist
78:Democracy
2865:Category
2807:Tribunal
2792:Military
2635:Attorney
2605:Judgment
2465:Feminist
2380:Jain law
2177:Case law
1898:Cyberlaw
1805:Corporal
1783:Criminal
1753:Evidence
1743:Doctrine
1721:Contract
1552:17793230
1408:(1960).
1239:(2004).
1101:See also
990:de facto
969:Examples
877:Doctrine
620:Dominion
349:Legalist
329:Absolute
314:Republic
309:Monarchy
181:Noocracy
151:Anocracy
104:Economic
94:Demarchy
2879:Outline
2816:History
2723:The bar
2697:Verdict
2645:Counsel
2625:Justice
2480:History
2303:Statute
2119:Charter
2081:Tax law
2029:Probate
1544:1804093
1524:Bibcode
1448:Sources
1269:(1955).
1033:to the
984:de jure
762:Related
457:Secular
422:Fascism
259:Anarchy
249:Tyranny
109:Liberal
2797:Police
2768:Agency
2650:Lawyer
2395:Sharia
2286:Treaty
2281:Repeal
2227:Decree
2138:Custom
2034:Estate
1984:Labour
1748:Equity
1618:
1586:
1550:
1542:
1460:
1391:
1329:
1306:
1223:
899:common
887:divine
586:Empire
498:Global
129:Others
119:Social
99:Direct
2872:Index
2738:Court
2682:Trial
2588:Judge
2429:Yassa
2232:Edict
1778:Civil
1731:Crime
1627:, 75
1584:S2CID
1540:JSTOR
1035:axiom
961:nyāya
503:Local
2620:Jury
2568:Fiqh
2424:Xeer
1822:Tort
1738:Deed
1616:ISBN
1548:PMID
1458:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1304:ISBN
1221:ISBN
1054:The
901:and
857:The
1692:Law
1576:doi
1532:doi
1185:Law
1001:".
889:or
871:law
2897::
2126:/
1582:.
1570:.
1546:.
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1530:.
1520:77
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1294:,
977:,
947:,
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1464:.
1395:.
1310:.
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219:(
85:)
81:(
34:.
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