Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia

644: 910: 2021:: ″Пр. 1. Русская Православная Церковь заграницей есть неразрывная часть поместной Российской Православной Церкви, временно самоуправляющаяся на соборных началах до упразднения в России безбожной власти, в соответствии с Постановлением Св. Патриарха, Св. Синода и Высшего Церковного Совета Российской Церкви от 7/20 ноября 1920 г. за № 362. Пр. 4. Русская Православная Церковь заграницей в своей внутренней жизни и управлении руководствуется: Священным Писанием и Священным Преданием, священными канонами и церковными законами, правилами и благочестивыми обычаями Поместной Российской Православной Церкви и, в частности, — Постановлением Святейшего Патриарха, Свящ. Синода и Высшего Церковного Совета Православной Российской Церкви от 7/20 ноября 1920 года № 362, ″ 732:, abolishing the SEAA and declaring the political decisions of the Karlovci Council to be against the position of the Russian Church. Tikhon appointed Metropolitan Eulogius as administrator for the “Russian orthodox churches abroad”. Meeting in Sremski Karlovci on 2 September 1922, pursuant to Tikhon's decree, the Council of Bishops abolished the SEAA, in its place forming the Temporary Holy Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, with Metropolitan Anthony as its head by virtue of seniority. This Synod exercised direct authority over Russian parishes in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Far East. 1363: 1097:"As regards the Moscow Patriarchate and its hierarchs, then, so long as they continue in close, active and benevolent cooperation with the Soviet Government, which openly professes its complete godlessness and strives to implant atheism in the entire Russian nation, then the Church Abroad, maintaining Her purity, must not have any canonical, liturgical or even simply external communion with them whatsoever, leaving each one of them at the same time to the final judgment of the Council (Sobor) of the future free Russian Church." 35: 5025: 815: 5014: 3744: 1828: 1522: 3416: 1409:"The split in the church was caused by an extremely deep political split within Russian society itself. We have realized that national revival and development in Russia are impossible without reliance on the historical and spiritual experience of our people. We understand well, and value, the power of pastoral words which unite the people of Russia. That is why restoring the unity of the church serves our common goals." 643: 1085:"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia is an indissoluble part of the Russian Orthodox Church, and for the time until the extermination in Russia of the atheist government, is self-governing on conciliar principles in accordance with the resolution of the Patriarch, the Most Holy Synod, and the Highest Church Council of the Russian Church dated 7/20 November 1920, No. 362." 1142: 1398:

by both Metropolitan Laurus and Patriarch Alexey II. The two hierarchs exchanged the "kiss of peace," after which they and the entire Russian Church sang "God Grant You Many Years." Following this, the Divine Liturgy of the Feast of the Ascension of Our Lord began, culminating with the entirety of the bishops of both ROCOR and MP partaking of the Eucharist.

2063:“ И ныне пусть неусыпно пламенеет молитва наша – да укажет Господь пути спасения и строительства родной земли; да даст защиту Вере и Церкви и всей земле русской и да осенит он сердце народное; да вернет на всероссийский Престол Помазанника, сильного любовью народа, законного православного Царя из Дома Романовых. ” (Протоиерей Аркадий Маковецкий. 856:, and was attended by 12 other exiled Russian bishops (at least double the number of Orthodox (Patriarchal) bishops who were allowed to serve within the USSR), 26 priests, and 58 laypersons. The Council confirmed the leading role of the Church and its bishops in Russian émigré organizations, and adopted two missives: to Russians in the USSR ( 775:, where he later died), to declare political loyalty to the Soviet authorities. The Council of Bishops said that the church administration in Moscow, headed by Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky), was ″enslaved by the godless Soviet power that has deprived it of freedom in its expression of will and canonical governance of the Church.″ 596:, to establish "for the purpose of the service of the population and to oversee the ecclesiastic life of Russian colonies in Orthodox countries a temporary committee (epitropia) under the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate"; the committee was called the Temporary Higher Church Administration Abroad (THCAA). 1479:

Despite censure, Agathangel persisted with the support of some ROCOR parishes inside and outside Ukraine which had also refused to submit to the Act of Canonical Communion. Agafangel then finalized the schism from the ROCOR by ordaining two bishops on 7 December 2007, Andronik (Kotrliaroff) as Bishop

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President Vladimir Putin gave a reception at the Kremlin to celebrate the reunification. In attendance were Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia and members of the Holy Synod for the Russian Orthodox Church; Metropolitan Laurus for the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia; presidential chief

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administrative ties were impossible. There were also official statements made that the elections of the patriarchs of Moscow which occurred after 1927 were invalid because they were not conducted freely (without the interference of the Soviets) or with the participation of the entire Russian Church.

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was greeted at Christ the Savior Cathedral in Moscow by a special peal of the bells. Shortly thereafter, Patriarch Alexey II entered the cathedral. After the Patriarch read the prayer for the unity of the Russian Church, the Act of Canonical Communion was read aloud, and two copies were each signed

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Locum Tenens, a Synod of Bishops, and a Church Council. The Council decided to appoint Metropolitan Anthony as the Locum Tenens, but he declined to accept the position without permission from Moscow, and instead identified as the President of the SEAA. The Council adopted a number of resolutions and

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of Manhattan and Fr Anthony Bondi from their positions in the vicariate; ordered a halt to all ordinations and a review of those recently conferred by Bishop Jerome; and decreed preparations be made for the assimilation of existing Western Rite communities to mainstream ROCOR liturgical practice.

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The episcopate of the ROCOR asserted that Metropolitan Vitaly was being held hostage by schismatics who took advantage of his failing health and used his name to produce a schism. They claimed that Metropolitan Vitaly's entourage forged his signature on epistles and documents. One of the churches

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After the declaration of Metropolitan Sergius of 1927, there were a range of opinions regarding the Moscow Patriarchate within ROCOR. There was a general belief in ROCOR that the Soviet government was manipulating the Moscow Patriarchate to one extent or another, and that under such circumstances

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under the direction of Communist Party agents from Moscow, and replaced Archimandrite Vladimir with Ignaty Polikarp, who had been trained by Communists. They attracted numerous Christian Arabs to the ROC who had Communist sympathies. The members of other branches of Orthodoxy refused to associate

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Alexei made another visit in early January 2000 to meet with Arafat, asking "for help in recovering church properties" as part of a "worldwide campaign to recover properties lost to churches that split off during the Communist era". Later that month the Palestinian Authority again acted to evict

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of Serbia, who continued to maintain communion with the ROCOR Synod. However, Patriarch Varnava also attempted to mediate between the Karlovci Synod and Metropolitan Sergius in Moscow, and to find a canonically legitimate way to settle the dispute. In early 1934, he had sent a letter to Sergius

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While Patriarch Alexy said that the ROCOR would keep its property and fiscal independence, and that its autonomy would not change "in the foreseeable future", he added that "Maybe this will change in decades and there will be some new wishes. But today we have enough concerns and will not make

2149:, 2007, р. 786: ″«Заграничная часть Всероссийской Церкви должна прекратить сношения с Московской церковной властью ввиду невозможности нормальных сношений с нею и ввиду порабощения её безбожной советской властью, лишающей её свободы в своих волеизъявлениях и каноническом управлении Церковью»″. 1044:

became a state in 1948, it transferred all of the property under the control of the ROCOR within its borders to the Soviet-dominated Russian Orthodox Church in appreciation for Moscow's support of the Jewish state (this support was short-lived). The ROCOR maintained control over churches and

951:("Renovationists," i.e. the modernist, pro-Soviet current in the ROC), previously favored by the authorities, were sidelined; their proponents were disappeared shortly after. These developments did not change the mutual rejection between the Moscow Patriarchate and the ROCOR leaderships. 801:

On 22 June 1934, Metropolitan Sergius and his Synod in Moscow passed judgment on Metropolitan Anthony and his Synod, declaring them to be suspended. Metropolitan Anthony refused to recognize this decision, claiming that it was made under political pressure from Soviet authorities and that

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is defined as "individual full members" with the addition of their children. It also includes an estimate of how many are not members but regularly participate in parish life. Regular attendees includes only those who regularly attend church and regularly participate in church

811:; the proposal was rejected by Sergius. Sergius continued to demand that all Russian clergy outside the USSR pledge loyalty to the Soviet authorities. Patriarch Varnava's attempts in the mid-1930s to reconcile the rival exile Russian jurisdictions were likewise unsuccessful. 1171:. "The Moscow-based church has enjoyed a close relationship with Arafat since his guerrilla fighter days." The ROCOR clergy refused to allow Arafat and the patriarch to enter the church, holding that Alexei had no legitimate authority. Two weeks later police officers of the 1080:

Historically, ROCOR has always affirmed that it was an inseparable part of the Russian Church, and that its autonomous status was only temporary, based upon Ukaz 362, until such time as the domination of the Soviet government over the affairs of the Church should cease:

533:, to seek protection and guidance by organizing among themselves. The resolution was interpreted as effectively legitimizing the Temporary Higher Church Administration, and served as the legal basis for the eventual establishment of a completely independent church body. 437:

worldwide and an estimated membership of more than 400,000 people. Of these, 232 parishes and 10 monasteries are in the United States; they have 92,000 declared adherents and over 9,000 regular church attendees. The ROCOR has 13 hierarchs, with male and female

1324:"an important step toward restoring full unity between the Moscow Patriarchate and the part of the Russian emigration that was isolated from it as a result of the revolution, the civil war in Russia, and the ensuing impious persecution against the Orthodox Church." 790:. On September 9, the Council stated: "The part of the Russian Church that finds itself abroad considers itself an inseparable, spiritually united branch of the great Russian Church. It doesn't separate itself from its Mother Church and doesn't consider itself 1517: 2274: 1652:, but since October 2007 has been a part of ROCOR. There are a few other parishes that either use the Western Rite exclusively or in part. An American parish, St Benedict of Nursia, in Oklahoma City, uses both the Western Rite and the Byzantine Rite. 2384: 2357: 1265:, in October 2001, Vitaly released an epistle denouncing the appointment and asserting his continuing primacy. A number of ROCOR clergy and parishioners who opposed to reunification with the Moscow Patriarchate, including the suspended Bishop 1019:

On the other hand, the ROCOR, by 1950 headquartered in New York, the United States, rejected both the Communist regime in the Soviet Union and the Moscow Patriarchate. Its leaders condemned the Moscow Patriarchate as a Soviet Church run by the

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of Russia met with Metropolitan Laurus in New York. In May 2004, Metropolitan Laurus, the Primate of the ROCOR, visited Russia participating in several joint services. In June 2004, a contingent of ROCOR clergy met with Patriarch Alexey II.

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in 1945, after which most of the Catacomb Church was reconciled with the Moscow Patriarchate. By the 1970s, due to this reconciliation, as well as to continued persecution by the Soviets, there was very little left of the Catacomb Church.

1137: 713:. The appeal to the Genoa Conference, which was published in 1922, called on the world powers to intervene and “help banish Bolshevism” from Russia. The majority of the Council members secretly decided to request that Grand Duke 962:, which took place on 21—26 October 1943. The Synod adopted a resolution declaring the election of Patriarch in Moscow to be uncanonical and hence invalid, and called on all Russian Orthodox faithful to fight against Communism. 941:. He allowed the Moscow Patriarchate to convene a council and elect a Patriarch, open theological schools, and reopen a few previously closed major monasteries and some churches (said institutions had been reopened in territory 529:, his Synod, and the Supreme Church Council in Moscow issued a joint resolution, No. 362, instructing all Russian Orthodox Christian bishops, should they be unable to maintain liaison with the Supreme Church Administration in 1480:

of Richmond Hill and New York, and Sophronius (Musienko) as Bishop of Saint Petersburg and Northern Russia. The church headed by Agathangel is known as "Russian Orthodox Church Abroad - Provisional Supreme Church Authority" (

930:." At the ROCOR Second Church History Conference in 2002, a paper said that “the attempt of the Nazi leadership to divide the Church into separate and even inimical church formations was met with internal church opposition.” 1238:. This council also enacted a document on relations between the Church and the secular authorities, censoring servility and complaisance. They also rejected the idea of any connection between E. Orthodoxy and Catholicism. 1218:

and his family in 1918 by the Bolsheviks. The ROCOR accused the leadership of the ROC as being submissive to the Russian government and were also alarmed by their ties with other denominations of Christianity, especially

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appeals (missives), with the two most notable ones being addressed to the flock of the Russian Orthodox Church ″in diaspora and exile″ («Чадам Русской Православной Церкви, в рассеянии и изгнании сущим») and to the

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On 5 September 1927, the Council of Bishops in Sremski Karlovci, presided over by Metropolitan Anthony, decreed a formal break of liaison with the ″Moscow church authority.″ They rejected a demand by Metropolitan

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The relationship between members of the ROCOR and the Nazis in the run-up to and during World War II has been an issue addressed by both the Church and its critics. Metropolitan Anastassy wrote a letter to

3514: 640:(SHS), as well as for those Russian clergy in the Kingdom who were not in parish or state educational service. The THCAA jurisdiction was subsequently extended to hearing divorce cases of exiled Russians. 3524: 933:

Meanwhile, the USSR leadership's policies towards religion in general, as well as policy towards the Moscow Patriarchate's jurisdiction in the USSR, changed significantly. In early September 1943,

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intended to keep his army, they likewise decided to keep the Russian ecclesiastical organization as a separate entity abroad. The Temporary Church Authority met on 19 November 1920 aboard the ship

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On December 28, 2006, the leaders officially announced that the Act of Canonical Communion would be signed. The signing took place on May 17, 2007, followed immediately by a full restoration of

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After the end of World War II, the Moscow Patriarchate was the globally dominant branch of Russian Orthodox Christianity. Countries whose Orthodox bishops had been part of the ROCOR in the

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who had left Russia well before World War II. They were unaware of the changes that had occurred immediately after World War II—most significantly that with the election of Patriarch

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In 2000 Metropolitan Laurus became the First Hierarch of the ROCOR; he expressed interest in the idea of reunification. At the time ROCOR insisted that the Moscow Patriarchate address the

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made this point in a letter to the 1974 All-Diaspora Sobor of the ROCOR, in which he stated that ROCOR should not "show solidarity with a mysterious, sinless, but also bodiless catacomb."

1693: 2161:: «Заграничная часть Русской Церкви почитает себя неразрывною, духовно-единою ветвью великой Русской Церкви. Она не отделяет себя от своей Матери-Церкви и не считает себя автокефальною». 3544: 1332:

In October 2006, the commissions met again to propose procedures and a time for signing the document. The Act of Canonical Communion went into effect upon its confirmation by the

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In North America, however, a conflict developed among bishops who did not recognize the authority of the Synod, led by Metropolitan Platon (Rozhdestvensky); this group formed the

1501: 1367: 1254: 1187: 1066: 337: 1405:, who was thanked by Patriarch Alexey for helping to facilitate the reconciliation. Putin addressed the audience of Orthodox Christians, visitors, clergy, and press, saying, 1841: 1717: 1681: 1571: 973:, on the attack from the East, Metropolitan Anastasius (Gribanovsky), along with his office and the other bishops, left Serbia for Vienna. A few months later, they moved to 3564: 1563: 1729: 1414: 1194:, who oversaw the reconciliation with the Russian Orthodox Church in 2007. After the death of Laurus in 2008, he was succeeded by the sixth First-Hierarch, Metropolitan 751:

from late 1922, did likewise, stating that the Synod was merely "a moral authority." Metropolitan Eulogius later broke off from the ROC, and in February 1931 joined the

1516:. The Holy Synod also has a vice-president. The "supreme authority of the ecclesiastical legislative, administrative, judicial and executive organ" of the ROCOR is the 1649: 1009: 880: 756: 677:

With the agreement of Patriarch Dimitrije of Serbia, between 21 November and 2 December 1921, the "General assembly of representatives of the Russian Church abroad" (

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On May 12, 2006, the general congress of the ROCOR confirmed its willingness to reunite with the Russian Orthodox Church. The latter hailed this resolution as:

3720: 3647: 2186:Постановления Заместителя Патриаршего Местоблюстителя и при нем Патриаршего Священного Синода: О Карловацкой группе (от 22 июня 1934 года, № 50) (ЖМП, 1934 г.) 1266: 3559: 3394: 2787: 2445:

Regulations Of The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, Confirmed by the Council of Bishops in 1956 and by a decision of the Council dated 5/18 June, 1964

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head up the Russian monarchist movement in exile. (But, pursuant to the laws of the Russian Empire, the seniormost surviving male member of the Romanovs was

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passed a resolution, effective from 3 October, recognizing the THCAA as an administratively independent jurisdiction for exiled Russian clergy outside the

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to a private school, estimated in 2016 to generate about US$ 500,000; the ROCOR was said not to make any monetary contributions towards the ROC's budget.

3489: 1710: 2489: 5049: 879:′s authorities demanded that all the Russian clergy in the territories controlled by Germany be under the Karlovci jurisdiction (as opposed to that of 705:

being the most prominent critic of such specific political declarations), expressly proclaimed a political goal of restoring monarchy in Russia with a

3539: 3519: 2360:. Политика Третьего рейха по отношению к Русской Православной Церкви в свете архивных материалов 1935—1945 годов / Сборник документов. 2003, стр. 172 1309:

talks were leading toward the resumption of full relations between the ROCOR and the Patriarchate of Moscow. They said that the ROCOR would be given

1004:, were now within the USSR-led bloc, which rendered any activity by the ROCOR politically impossible. A number of ROCOR parishes and clergy, notably 2883: 2829: 3534: 3529: 1876: 1808: 3457: 3358: 2691: 1469: 2426:

Resolution of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia Concerning the Election of Pimen (Isvekov) as Patriarch of Moscow, September 1/14) 1971

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in the ROCOR, although attitudes toward it have varied, and the number of Western Rite parishes is relatively small. St. Petroc Monastery in

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Solemn signing of the Act of Canonical Communion in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow. Left to right: Archpriest Alexander Lebedev,

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in 1938, thanking him for his aid to the Russian Diaspora in allowing them to build a Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Berlin and praising his

888: 3462: 3115: 926:. This has been defended as an act that occurred when the Metropolitan and others in the church knew "little …of the inner workings of the 685:) took place in Sremski Karlovci. It was later renamed as the "First All-Diaspora Council" and was presided over by Metropolitan Anthony. 588:

were appointed to examine the canonicity of the organization. On 2 December 1920, they received permission from Metropolitan Dorotheos of

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The main source of income for the ROCOR central authority is lease of a part of the building that houses the headquarters of the ROCOR's

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in the ROCOR. Critics of the reunification continue to argue that "the hierarchy in Moscow still has not properly addressed the issue of

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After a series of six reconciliation meetings, the ROCOR and the Patriarchate of Moscow, on June 21, 2005, simultaneously announced that

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These numbers reflect only the supposed US adherents. They do not take into account ROCOR's numbers in Australia, Germany, and Indonesia.

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of Cannes, formed a new church administration around Metropolitan Vitaly, renaming themselves as the Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (

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in October 1937 (albeit falsely reported a year prior), the Russian bishops in exile held the Second All-Diaspora Council, first in

4187: 4139: 3730: 3205: 1028: 3108: 2701: 1746: 1160: 1136:(Moscow Patriarchate). In May 1990, months prior to the complete disintegration of the USSR, the ROCOR decided to establish new, 958:

made a statement against recognizing his election. Thus, the German authorities allowed the ROCOR Synod to hold a convention in

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http://www.orthodoxnews.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=WorldNews.one&content_id=16097&CFID=31445921&CFTOKEN=42692498

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had been a significant part of the Russian Church prior to the relaxation of the suppression of the Church on the part of

4859: 3302: 3186: 2726: 2576: 1762: 1053: 783: 405: 2604:"The Sixth Meeting of the Commissions of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia and the Moscow Patriarchate is Held" 2591: 3442: 1794: 1722: 1637: 1618: 225: 2444: 1037:

were controlled by leaders opposed to both the Soviet rule and the Moscow Patriarchate, i.e. mainly within the ROCOR.

5054: 4745: 3844: 2281:// История Русской Церкви (1917–1997), 1997. Издательство. Издательство Спасо-Преображенского Валаамского монастыря. 1686: 1645: 509:, then controlled by the White Army, a group of Russian bishops organized an ecclesiastical administration body, the 2558:"Epistle of First-Hierarch, Metropolitan Vitaly, Of ROCOR to All The Faithful Clergy And Flock Of The Church Abroad" 2278: 2241: 1581:, which acts as caretaker to three holy sites in East Jerusalem and Israel/Palestine, all of which are monasteries. 4989: 3682: 3612: 2326:"The Second Ecclesio-Historical Conference "The History of the Russian Orthodox Church of the 20th c. (1930-1948)"" 1698: 802:

Metropolitan Sergius had illegally usurped the position of Locum Tenens. He was supported in this by the Patriarch

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In September 2006, the ROCOR Synod of Bishops approved the text of the document worked out by the commissions, an

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and other parts of France, and to the United States and other western countries. Later these bishops rejected the

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of Odessa and Tauria, and with him some of ROCOR's parishes in Ukraine, refused to enter the jurisdiction of the

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The Hierarchs of the Russian Church Abroad served again with the Patriarch on 19 May, in the consecration of the

1211: 4948: 4197: 4112: 2932: 2669: 2603: 2329: 1772: 1379: 632:, as well as numerous priests and monks, relocated to Serbia. On 31 August 1921, the Council of Bishops of the 3915: 2033:″Загранична црква у Сремским Карловцима: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 4755: 4077: 3592: 2497: 2226:″Нема Русије без православне монархије: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 616:(then within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia), where he was given the palace of former Patriarchs of Karlovci (the 2048:″Прихваћен позив патријарха Димитрија: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 782:

and the de facto head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Sergius (who in 1943 would be elected as

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Metropolitan Laurus, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, Protopriest Nikolai Balashov. 17 May 2007

1336:; the Act is based on a previous resolution of the Holy Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church, 904: 798:

among the flock of the Patriarch's Church. Many dissenting believers broke ties with Metropolitan Sergius.

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Days after the election in September 1943 of Sergius (Stragorodsky) as Patriarch in Moscow, Metropolitan

938: 764: 488: 2815: 2651: 2196:″Домети мисије патријарха Варнаве: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 4941: 4903: 4390: 3437: 3382: 3370: 3236: 2211:″Нови покушај патријарха Варнаве: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 1866: 803: 740: 736: 522: 484: 69: 2695: 2264:Деяния Второго Всезарубежного Собора Русской Православной Церкви заграницей. Белград, 1939, pp. 18-19. 1917:"His Grace Bishop Nicholas is elected First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia" 4984: 4974: 4936: 4691: 4501: 4469: 4423: 4400: 3255: 2536: 982: 2425: 1916: 4964: 4869: 4864: 4679: 4644: 4570: 4526: 4521: 4318: 4144: 3989: 3886: 3881: 3467: 3447: 3334: 3279: 3267: 2855: 955: 853: 838: 657: 625: 617: 2404: 4649: 4383: 4288: 4177: 4127: 3984: 3901: 3876: 3814: 3452: 3387: 3243: 3231: 3131: 2105:″У вртлогу политичке борбе: Из тајних архива УДБЕ: РУСКА ЕМИГРАЦИЈА У ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ 1918–1941.″ // 1846: 1594: 1590: 1133: 1128:

served as the fourth First-Hierarch from 1985 until his retirement in 2001. After the end of the

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Synodal Secretariat for Inter-Orthodox Relations, of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia

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Burlacioiu, Ciprian (April 2018). "Russian Orthodox Diaspora as a Global Religion after 1918".

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The council established the "Supreme Ecclesiastic Administration Abroad" (SEAA), composed of a

653: 376:. These bishops migrated with other Russians to Western European cities and nations, including 184: 180: 1179:

ROCOR clergy, this time from the 3-acre (12,000 m) Monastery of Abraham's Oak in Hebron.

5028: 4627: 4353: 4162: 4065: 4020: 3949: 3339: 1172: 722: 706: 637: 629: 605: 585: 581: 412: 188: 1437:. Before the reception the participants posed for photographs by the Assumption Cathedral. 1362: 1261:, retired in 2001, citing health reasons. After the election of his successor, Metropolitan 945:). The Soviet government decisively sided with the Moscow Patriarchate, while the so-called 4849: 4799: 4784: 4661: 4370: 4270: 4220: 4215: 4172: 4132: 4060: 3617: 3315: 1387: 1156: 786:), the ROCOR continued to nominally recognize the authority of the imprisoned Metropolitan 3768:

of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.

2774: 2185: 852:, then in Sremski Karlovci, in August 1938. The council was presided over by Metropolitan 8: 5018: 4994: 4979: 4898: 4888: 4874: 4854: 4844: 4814: 4794: 4723: 4454: 4283: 4210: 4040: 3969: 3896: 3748: 2753: 2740: 1981: 1833: 1418: 1394: 526: 401: 344: 341: 311: 131: 121: 84: 81: 3504: 4893: 4839: 4750: 4740: 4531: 4446: 4395: 4005: 3284: 3260: 1132:

in December 1991, ROCOR continued to maintain its administrative independence from the

1034: 966: 2909: 2475: 2463: 1262: 1191: 4930: 4809: 4715: 4639: 4538: 4511: 4430: 4378: 4328: 4087: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4035: 4025: 3974: 3198: 3144: 2802: 2638: 2125: 2089: 2068: 1947: 1856: 1851: 1629: 1617:

is now under the oversight of Metropolitan Daniel of the Moscow Metropolitanate. The

1472:. Agathangel was suspended for disobedience by an extraordinary session of the ROCOR 1344:

take at the Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia held in

1247: 1227: 1199: 1195: 1110: 845: 787: 768: 480: 373: 361: 148: 3764:

with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the

4674: 4516: 4491: 4070: 4030: 3765: 3639: 3375: 3363: 3351: 3322: 3310: 2863: 2253: 1939: 1754:

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God and the Holy Royal Martyrs

1662:

On 10 July 2013, an extraordinary session of the Synod of Bishops of ROCOR removed

1505: 1258: 1215: 1183: 1125: 865: 857: 710: 678: 609: 573: 514: 426:, on 17 May 2007, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia officially signed the 364:, initially due to lack of regular liaison between the central church authority in 290: 106: 101: 1421:. They had laid the cornerstone of the church in 2004 during their initial visit. 757:

Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe

701:. The former, adopted with a majority of votes (but not unanimously, Metropolitan 4883: 4789: 4580: 4278: 3634: 3484: 3432: 2610: 2580: 2561: 2451: 2432: 1659:", parallel to the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate, and established a website. 1430: 1426: 1102: 989: 116: 111: 94: 2623: 2389:Сталинская религиозная политика и Русская Православная Церковь в 1943–1953 годах 1175:

arrived; they evicted the ROCOR clergy and turned the property over to the ROC.

620:

had been abolished in 1920). In the next months, at the invitation of Patriarch

4879: 4779: 4575: 4464: 4410: 4343: 4323: 4082: 3923: 3677: 3669: 3602: 2018: 1402: 1375: 1298: 1016:

since 1931), joined the Moscow Patriarchate, and some repatriated to the USSR.

937:

met at the Kremlin with a group of three surviving ROC metropolitans headed by

553: 498: 463: 357: 143: 126: 2574: 807:

proposing that the Karlovci bishops be transferred to the jurisdiction of the

5043: 4804: 4735: 4585: 4293: 3933: 3928: 3627: 1951: 1663: 1390:

and the First-Hierarch of ROCOR concelebrated for the first time in history.

1345: 1306: 1168: 978: 947: 934: 913:

Timeline of the separations of the ROCOR and some other churches from the ROC

791: 649: 565: 502: 443: 34: 4617: 4565: 4496: 4486: 4167: 4099: 3964: 3860: 3607: 3223: 1625: 1378:

with the Moscow Patriarchate. It was celebrated by a Divine Liturgy at the

1129: 1001: 919: 876: 767:

of Nizhny Novgorod, who was acting on behalf of Locum Tenens (Metropolitan

537: 423: 408: 393: 3100: 1943: 794:." Meanwhile, inside the USSR, Metropolitan Sergius′ Declaration caused a 505:

were achieving the apex of their military success. In the Russian city of

244: 4919: 4669: 4632: 4481: 4333: 4308: 4205: 3152: 1598: 1310: 1220: 1033:

Until well after World War II, most of the Orthodox Church properties in

927: 844:

After the deaths of Metropolitan Anthony in August 1936 and Metropolitan

459: 170: 3091:

Western Rite of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia official page

665: 4767: 4506: 4303: 3959: 3891: 3801:

UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.

3298: 1861: 1798: 1509: 1457:

infiltration of the church hierarchy during the Soviet period." Bishop

1226:

At the jubilee Council of Bishops in 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church

923: 689: 2478:, The Orthodox Word, Nov.-Dec., 1974 (59), 235-246, December 28, 2007. 2158: 2000:

Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America

1872:

Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America

1655:

In 2011, the ROCOR declared all of its Western Rite parishes to be a "

1338:

On the Relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia

837:

Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky) died in 1936. He was succeeded by

814: 4924: 4772: 4607: 4597: 4590: 4548: 4543: 4338: 4298: 3161: 2935: 1656: 1235: 779: 506: 455: 439: 385: 166: 3029: 3023: 2775:"Union of Moscow Patriarchate and Russian Church Abroad 17 May 2007" 4313: 4182: 2371:РУССКАЯ ЦЕРКОВНАЯ ЭМИГРАЦИЯ В ЮГОСЛАВИИ В ГОДЫ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ 2228: 2213: 2198: 2107: 2050: 2035: 1757: 1614: 997: 970: 849: 823: 545: 451: 352: 158: 2992:"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia - Official Website" 728:

Patriarch Tikhon addressed a decree of 5 May 1922 to Metropolitan

5013: 4622: 4602: 4459: 4348: 3743: 3415: 2830:"Putin gives reception for Russian Orthodox Church reunification" 2254:Второй Всезарубежный Собор Русской православной церкви заграницей 1827: 1636:, in 2008 (see main article for references) has incorporated the 1633: 1147:

in the USSR, and to consecrate bishops to oversee such parishes.

884: 2914:

The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia - Official Website

981:, together with numerous other Russian Orthodox refugees in the 3829: 3061:

Official website of Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe

2884:"The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia - Official Website" 2175:. New York, NY: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. 1641: 1383: 1231: 1164: 1106: 1041: 974: 959: 892: 827: 795: 669: 613: 557: 530: 447: 434: 369: 365: 162: 3034: 2173:

Russia and the New States of Eurasia: The Politics of Upheaval

1205: 4555: 4015: 3954: 3911: 3064: 3058: 2702:"Russian Orthodox Church to keep ROCOR traditions – Alexy II" 1842:

List of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia

1572:

Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sydney, Australia and New Zealand

1534:, themselves in some cases subdivided into smaller dioceses. 1473: 993: 772: 748: 698: 589: 561: 511:

Temporary Higher Church Administration in Southeastern Russia

377: 3094: 3088: 3055:

Official website of the diocese of Australia and new Zealand

2969: 1564:

Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe

1351: 3052: 3046: 2464:

The last will and testament of Metropolitan Anastassy, 1957

624:

of Serbia, the other eight bishops of the THCAA, including

519:Временное высшее церковное управление на Юго-Востоке России 389: 1898: 1896: 1650:

Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America

1454: 1021: 422:

After 80 years of separation followed by the fall of the

228:(1994–1995, then called the Russian Orthodox Free Church) 3085:

Official website of Holy Trinity Seminary in Jordanville

3070: 3040: 2741:"The Eighth Meeting of the Church Commissions Concludes" 1545:

Russian Orthodox Eparchy of Eastern America and New York

1514:

Russian Orthodox Eparchy of Eastern America and New York

3076: 3026:

Official website of the Fund of assistance of the ROCOR

3017: 2487: 2294:

Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir Seminary Press, 1984, p.223

1893: 1882:

Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America

1358:

Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate

544:, a number of Russian bishops evacuated from Crimea to 428:

Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate

316:'Russian Orthodox Church Abroad'), also called 3792:

Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.

3049:

Official website of the diocese of Montreal and Canada

2592:

The Independent, Obituary: Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov

3020:

Official website of the Synod of bishops of the ROCOR

2537:"Palestinians Take Sides In Russian Orthodox Dispute" 2342: 2292:

The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime 1917–1982,

1814:

Holy Trinity Orthodox Church (Mebane, North Carolina)

430:, restoring the canonical link between the churches. 304: 2951:. Orthodoxwesternrite.wordpress.com. 27 January 2011 1823: 1804:

Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Washington, D.C.)

977:; finally, in November 1950, they immigrated to the 2666:"ROCOR website: Joint declarations, April-May 2005" 2403:. Time Magazine. September 15, 1952. Archived from 2303: 1644:. The oratory had previously been a mission of the 898: 236:

27,700 in the U.S. (9,000 regular church attendees)

104:(USA, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand), 16:

Semi-autonomous part of the Russian Orthodox Church

3082: 2019:Положение о Русской Православной Церкви Заграницей 1706:Church of Saint Sergius of Radonezh, Bad Kissingen 1433:, and Minister of Culture and Mass Communications 1386:, at which the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia 721:, and in August 1924 he proclaimed himself as the 350:The ROCOR was established in the early 1920s as a 3067:Official site of Chicago and Mid-American eprahim 2523:"Russian Orthodox strife brings change in Hebron" 1906:(p. 80). Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press 5041: 3073:Official website of the Western American diocese 3043:Official website of the Eastern American diocese 2694:. Associated Press. May 16, 2007. Archived from 2029: 2027: 1877:Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada 1809:St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Brisbane 1246:The possibility of rapprochement led to a minor 1073:, who served from 1964 until his death in 1985. 536:In November 1920, after the final defeat of the 497:In May 1919, during the Russian Revolution, the 419:, was the founding First-Hierarch of the ROCOR. 2777::Interfax website, downloaded December 28, 2006 2347:. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press. 2205: 2099: 1470:Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) 474: 3097:Official website of The South American diocese 2856:"U.S. Worshipers Refuse to Join Moscow Church" 2520: 2190: 2122:Белая Церковь: Вдали от атеистического террора 2086:Белая Церковь: Вдали от атеистического террора 2065:Белая Церковь: Вдали от атеистического террора 1904:Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches. 1778:Russian Orthodox Church of Saint Job, Brussels 891:, be put in charge of the Orthodox diocese of 4729:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 4428: 3845: 3817:whose autonomy is not universally recognized. 3116: 3037:Website dedicated to the history of the ROCOR 2624:http://www.mospat.ru/text/e_news/id/9553.html 2170: 2042: 2024: 1401:Present at all of this was Russian President 493:Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union 334:Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) 271:Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches 24: 2743:: ROCOR website, downloaded November 3, 2006 2723:"Russian Church abroad to unite with Moscow" 2488:Abigail Beshkin; Rob Mank (March 24, 2000). 2345:The Orthodox Church in the History of Russia 1974:"Russian Orthodox Church ends 80-year split" 1971: 1742:Church of Saint Procopius of Ustyug, Hamburg 1604: 1549:Diocese of San Francisco and Western America 3130: 2613:: ROCOR website, downloaded August 25, 2006 1579:Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem 1206:Reconciliation with the Moscow Patriarchate 1109:, in 1943. Most of those in the ROCOR were 862:«К Русскому народу в Отечестве страждущему» 295:Ру́сская Правосла́вная Це́рковь Заграни́цей 26:Ру́сская Правосла́вная Це́рковь Заграни́цей 3852: 3838: 3809: 3807: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3123: 3109: 2886:. Russianorthodoxchurch.ws. Archived from 2668:. Russianorthodoxchurch.ws. Archived from 2220: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1929: 1577:ROCOR oversees and owns properties of the 1537:The division into dioceses is as follows: 1285:which splintered from the ROCOR(V) is the 1052:In January 1951, the Soviets reopened the 384:′s unconditional political loyalty to the 306:Rússkaya Pravoslávnaya Tsérkov Zagranítsey 5050:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia 3495:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia 1527:which is convened about every two years. 1352:Signing of the Act of Canonical Communion 1334:Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church 683:Всезаграничное Русское Церковное Собрание 594:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 287:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia 22:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia 3731:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church 2516: 2514: 2380: 2378: 1361: 1342:Regarding the Act on Canonical Communion 1029:Russian Orthodox Properties in Palestine 908: 864:) and to the Russian flock in diaspora ( 813: 642: 3804: 3795: 3771: 3754: 2933:Расследование РБК: на что живет церковь 2854:Santana, Rebecca (September 11, 2007). 2853: 1958: 1292: 372:due to their voluntary exile after the 5042: 3721:Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches 3079:Official website of The German diocese 1508:of the whole ROCOR, head of the ROCOR 1228:canonized Tsar Nicholas and his family 1093:wrote in his last will and testament: 1057:with the Soviet-led ROC in Palestine. 433:The ROCOR jurisdiction has around 400 318:Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia 254: 3833: 3141:Autocephalous and autonomous churches 3104: 2511: 2481: 2375: 1790:St. Peter and Paul Church, Luxembourg 1593:situated at the intersection of East 1552:Diocese of Chicago and Middle America 1150: 521:). On 7 November (20 November) 1920, 269:The number of adherents given in the 2454:, first paragraph, December 28, 2007 2393: 2306:"Book Review: The Price of Prophecy" 1560:Diocese of Caracas and South America 870:«К Русской пастве в рассеянии сущей» 578:«Великий князь Александр Михайлович» 564:forces. After learning that General 332:), is a semi-autonomous part of the 263: 3515:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 2539:. Catholic World News. July 9, 1997 2529: 2143:Избранные труды. Письма. Материалы. 1763:Alexander Nevsky Church, Copenhagen 1670: 1393:On 17 May 2007, at 9:15 a.m., 1186:in 2001 was succeeded by the fifth 68:Patriarch of Moscow & All Rus' 13: 3468:Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate) 2476:The Catacomb Tikhonite Church 1974 2159:РПЦЗ: КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ СПРАВКА 2141:Митрополит Антоний (Храповицкий). 1795:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Howell 1694:Church of Saint Alexandra, Bad Ems 1638:Oratory of Our Lady of Glastonbury 1060: 743:. In Western Europe, Metropolitan 664:and Archpriest Peter Belovidov in 604:On 14 February 1921, Metropolitan 226:Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church 14: 5076: 3443:Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate) 3438:Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate) 3011: 1677:St. Elizabeth's Church, Wiesbaden 1646:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate 965:On 8 September 1944, days before 832:built in 1924 by Russian émigrés. 584:. Metropolitan Antony and Bishop 580:), presided over by Metropolitan 5024: 5023: 5012: 4140:State church of the Roman Empire 3859: 3742: 3683:Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom 3613:State church of the Roman Empire 3525:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 3463:Americas (Romanian Patriarchate) 3414: 1826: 899:World War II and post-war period 883:). They insisted that an ethnic 771:, imprisoned then in the Soviet 570:Grand Duke Alexader Mikhailovich 134:(Portugal and Brazil) and others 33: 4123:First seven ecumenical councils 3598:First seven ecumenical councils 3485:Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate) 2984: 2962: 2941: 2926: 2902: 2876: 2847: 2822: 2780: 2768: 2746: 2734: 2715: 2684: 2658: 2616: 2597: 2585: 2568: 2550: 2521:Jerrold Kessel (July 9, 1997). 2469: 2457: 2438: 2418: 2363: 2351: 2336: 2318: 2297: 2284: 2267: 2258: 2246: 2235: 2179: 2164: 2152: 2135: 2120:Протоиерей Аркадий Маковецкий. 2114: 2084:Протоиерей Аркадий Маковецкий. 2078: 2057: 1609:There is a long history of the 1557:Diocese of Montreal and Canada: 1518:Council of Bishops of the ROCOR 4990:Relations with other religions 4396:Church of the East (Nestorian) 4391:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 3644:Moscow–Constantinople schisms 2692:"Russian Church To End Schism" 2343:Pospielovsky, Dimitry (1998). 2012: 1988: 1923: 1909: 1773:Russian Orthodox Church, Vevey 1532:ROCOR is divided into dioceses 1429:, First Deputy Prime Minister 1380:Cathedral of Christ the Savior 820:Russian church of Holy Trinity 755:. This seminal act formed the 599: 501:military forces under General 326:Russian Orthodox Church Abroad 119:(France, Switzerland, Canada), 1: 3593:Apostles in the New Testament 3570:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 3490:Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate) 3473:Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate) 3458:Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) 2242:II Всезарубежный Собор (1938) 1972:David Holley (May 17, 2007). 1932:Studies in World Christianity 1887: 1568:Diocese of Berlin and Germany 1230:, along with more than 1,000 1157:Patriarch of Moscow Alexei II 695:1922 International Conference 336:. Currently, the position of 5065:Anti-communist organizations 3813:Semi-autonomous part of the 3726:Eastern Orthodoxy by country 2996:www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws 2832:. 2007-05-19. Archived from 2754:"Act of Canonical Communion" 2731:RFE/RL website, May 12, 2006 2279:ГЛАВА XI. Церковная диаспора 1495: 1447:signature of the Act in 2007 1440: 1287:Russian True Orthodox Church 905:Eastern Front (World War II) 475:Precursors and early history 392:. This loyalty was formally 7: 4697:Views on poverty and wealth 3453:China (Moscow Patriarchate) 3448:Japan (Moscow Patriarchate) 2970:"ROCOR Western-Rite - Home" 1819: 1718:Russian Chapel, Bad Homburg 1682:Russian church, Baden-Baden 1622:Christ the Savior Monastery 1502:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 1500:The ROCOR is headed by the 1368:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 1330:Act of Canonical Communion. 1255:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 1241: 1188:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 1067:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 398:Declaration of 20 July 1927 338:First-Hierarch of the ROCOR 305: 10: 5081: 4942:World Evangelical Alliance 4904:Traditionalist Catholicism 3162:Four ancient patriarchates 2579:February 13, 2012, at the 2490:"Hunger strike in Jericho" 2054:, 21 December 2017, p. 25. 2039:, 23 December 2017, p. 22. 1867:Orthodox Church in America 1584: 1355: 1289:which was formed in 2002. 1026: 902: 485:Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow 478: 469: 109:(Spain and Latin America), 5007: 4957: 4937:World Council of Churches 4912: 4830: 4714: 4705: 4660: 4445: 4429: 4424:Latter Day Saint movement 4409: 4369: 4269: 4250: 4196: 4153: 4098: 4004: 3983: 3942: 3910: 3867: 3739: 3713: 3668: 3583: 3545:Great Britain and Ireland 3503: 3423: 3412: 3295: 3221: 3160: 3151: 3138: 2704:. ITAR-TASS. May 14, 2007 2304:Archbishop Chrysostomos. 2111:, 15 January 2018, p. 22. 1730:Russian church, Stuttgart 1605:Western Rite in the ROCOR 1484:), or in common parlance 1415:Church of the New Martyrs 1054:Russian Palestine Society 1047:Jordanian-ruled West Bank 869: 861: 778:While rejecting both the 739:, the predecessor to the 682: 648:Sergey Paleolog, General 577: 518: 294: 250: 240: 232: 221: 210: 202: 194: 176: 154: 138: 90: 75: 64: 54: 46: 32: 25: 21: 5055:White Russian emigration 4965:Anti-Christian sentiment 4145:Christian biblical canon 3575:United States of America 3480:Semi-autonomous churches 3359:Czech Lands and Slovakia 2949:"Saint Petroc Monastery" 2369:Prof Mikhail Skarovsky. 2232:, 6 January 2018, p. 30. 2217:, 5 January 2018, p. 18. 2202:, 4 January 2018, p. 25. 1250:from the ROCOR in 2001. 1089:Similarly, Metropolitan 956:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 854:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 839:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 658:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 626:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 618:Patriarchate of Karlovci 185:Anastasius (Gribanovsky) 5060:Russia–Serbia relations 5019:Christianity portal 4178:Investiture Controversy 3815:Russian Orthodox Church 3749:Christianity portal 3132:Eastern Orthodox Church 1847:Eastern Orthodox Church 1459:Agathangel (Pashkovsky) 1138:"Free Russian" parishes 1134:Russian Orthodox Church 1091:Anastassy (Gribanovsky) 1006:Eulogius (Georgiyevsky) 753:Ecumenical Patriarchate 608:settled in the town of 489:Russia–Serbia relations 216:Russian Orthodox Church 214:Semi-autonomous within 189:Eulogius (Georgiyevsky) 41:75 E 93rd St, New York. 4970:Christian universalism 4361:Western Rite Orthodoxy 4206:Protestant Reformation 3762:severed full communion 3693:Liturgy of Saint James 3688:Liturgy of Saint Basil 3153:Autocephalous churches 2290:Dimitry Pospielovsky, 2171:Karen Dawisha (1994). 1902:Krindatch, A. (2011). 1768:Russian Church, Geneva 1411: 1371: 1326: 1120:Alexander Solzhenitsyn 1071:Philaret (Voznesensky) 1049:until the late 1980s. 992:, such as Yugoslavia, 939:Sergius (Stragorodsky) 914: 834: 765:Sergius (Stragorodsky) 745:Eulogius (Georgievsky) 674: 654:Anthony (Khrapovitsky) 592:, Locum Tenens of the 402:Sergius (Stragorodsky) 181:Anthony (Khrapovitsky) 4628:Anointing of the Sick 3698:Liturgy of Saint Mark 3024:fundforassistance.org 2435:, December 27th, 2007 1944:10.3366/swc.2018.0202 1624:, founded in 1993 in 1407: 1365: 1322: 1202:reposed in May 2022. 1173:Palestinian Authority 1159:attempted to visit a 1027:Further information: 912: 817: 730:Eulogius Georgiyevsky 703:Eulogius Georgiyevsky 646: 638:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 630:Benjamin (Fedchenkov) 606:Antony (Khrapovitsky) 586:Benjamin (Fedchenkov) 582:Antony (Khrapovitsky) 413:Antony (Khrapovitsky) 4949:Nondenominationalism 4822:Role in civilization 4289:Independent Catholic 4231:Relations with Islam 4211:Catholic Reformation 2860:The Associated Press 2500:on February 18, 2009 1512:, and bishop of the 1449:, there was a minor 1293:Reconciliation talks 1281:(Russian: РПЦЗ(В)). 1267:Varnava (Prokofieff) 1161:ROCOR-held monastery 881:Paris-based Eulogius 875:From February 1938, 719:Kirill Vladimirovich 715:Nicholas Nikolaevich 99:Russian (preaching), 39:ROCOR headquarters, 4995:Unlimited atonement 4980:Cultural Christians 4419:Jehovah's Witnesses 4041:Sermon on the Mount 3970:Christian tradition 3897:Lists of Christians 3425:Autonomous churches 3059:orthodox-europe.org 2938:, 24 February 2017. 2594:, 28 September 2006 2466:, December 28, 2007 2407:on January 12, 2008 1834:Christianity portal 1419:Butovo firing range 1395:Metropolitan Laurus 1348:on 15–19 May 2006. 943:occupied by Germany 737:American Metropolia 527:Patriarch of Moscow 382:Moscow Patriarchate 345:Nicholas (Olhovsky) 85:Nicholas (Olhovsky) 4840:Crusading movement 4108:Ante-Nicene period 3565:Spain and Portugal 3065:chicagodiocese.org 2890:on 16 October 2014 2609:2006-09-08 at the 2450:2009-03-30 at the 2431:2009-03-29 at the 2424:See, for example, 2401:"Plot in Progress" 1372: 1297:In 2003 President 1151:Post-Soviet period 1045:properties in the 967:Belgrade was taken 915: 835: 675: 5037: 5036: 5003: 5002: 4931:Charta Oecumenica 4441: 4440: 4431:Iglesia ni Cristo 4246: 4245: 4226:French Revolution 4216:Thirty Years' War 4088:Apostolic fathers 4056:Great Commandment 3827: 3826: 3410: 3409: 3145:Eastern Orthodoxy 2810:Missing or empty 2672:on 1 January 2015 2646:Missing or empty 2385:Михаил Шкаровский 2358:Михаил Шкаровский 2130:978-5-49807-400-9 2094:978-5-49807-400-9 2073:978-5-49807-400-9 1978:Los Angeles Times 1857:Theodore Jurewicz 1640:as its monastery 1504:(Protohierarch), 1435:Aleksandr Sokolov 1311:autonomous status 1200:Hilarion (Kapral) 1196:Hilarion (Kapral) 846:Peter of Krutitsy 788:Peter of Krutitsy 769:Peter of Krutitsy 481:Russian Civil War 374:Russian Civil War 362:Eastern Orthodoxy 315: 303: 283: 282: 149:New York City, NY 5072: 5027: 5026: 5017: 5016: 4860:Environmentalism 4810:Church buildings 4712: 4711: 4527:Eastern Orthodox 4522:Eastern Catholic 4434: 4433: 4401:Eastern Catholic 4379:Eastern Orthodox 4267: 4266: 4188:Age of Discovery 4173:East–West Schism 4071:Great Commission 4002: 4001: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3831: 3830: 3818: 3811: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3769: 3758: 3747: 3746: 3640:Old Calendarists 3618:East–West Schism 3481: 3418: 3158: 3157: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3095:iglesiarusa.info 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2945: 2939: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2864:Associated Press 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2725:. Archived from 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2699: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2614: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2560:. Archived from 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2544: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2496:. Archived from 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2442: 2436: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2397: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2328:. Archived from 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2312: 2301: 2295: 2288: 2282: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2139: 2133: 2118: 2112: 2103: 2097: 2082: 2076: 2061: 2055: 2046: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2006: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1980:. Archived from 1969: 1956: 1955: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1786: 1750: 1738: 1726: 1714: 1702: 1690: 1671:Notable churches 1591:Synod of Bishops 1526: 1486:ROCOR-Agathangel 1467: 1259:Vitaly (Ustinov) 1216:Tsar Nicholas II 1184:Vitaly (Ustinov) 1146: 1126:Vitaly (Ustinov) 871: 863: 711:House of Romanov 684: 610:Sremski Karlovci 579: 520: 417:Kiev and Galicia 400:of Metropolitan 360:jurisdiction of 310: 308: 298: 296: 275: 267: 261: 258: 241:Official website 147:Jurisdictional: 59:Eastern Orthodox 37: 28: 27: 19: 18: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5011: 4999: 4953: 4908: 4826: 4707: 4701: 4656: 4581:One true church 4437: 4405: 4365: 4254: 4242: 4192: 4149: 4094: 4021:in Christianity 4007: 3993: 3987: 3979: 3938: 3914: 3906: 3863: 3858: 3828: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3772: 3759: 3755: 3741: 3735: 3709: 3664: 3635:Catacomb Church 3579: 3550:Italy and Malta 3506: 3499: 3479: 3419: 3406: 3395:North Macedonia 3297: 3291: 3217: 3147: 3134: 3129: 3014: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2931: 2927: 2918: 2916: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2868: 2866: 2852: 2848: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2811: 2809: 2800: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2647: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2611:Wayback Machine 2602: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2581:Wayback Machine 2573: 2569: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2542: 2540: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2519: 2512: 2503: 2501: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2452:Wayback Machine 2443: 2439: 2433:Wayback Machine 2423: 2419: 2410: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2383: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2341: 2337: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2302: 2298: 2289: 2285: 2275:Владислав Цыпин 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2252:И. М. Андреев. 2251: 2247: 2240: 2236: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2165: 2157: 2153: 2140: 2136: 2124:: Питер, 2009, 2119: 2115: 2104: 2100: 2088:: Питер, 2009, 2083: 2079: 2067:: Питер, 2009, 2062: 2058: 2047: 2043: 2032: 2025: 2017: 2013: 2004: 2002: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1970: 1959: 1928: 1924: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1894: 1890: 1832: 1825: 1822: 1780: 1744: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1696: 1684: 1673: 1607: 1587: 1541:United States: 1520: 1498: 1461: 1443: 1431:Dmitry Medvedev 1427:Sergei Sobyanin 1360: 1354: 1295: 1263:Laurus (Škurla) 1257:, Metropolitan 1244: 1208: 1198:. Metropolitan 1192:Laurus (Škurla) 1190:, Metropolitan 1153: 1140: 1103:Catacomb Church 1063: 1061:Cold War period 1031: 990:interwar period 907: 901: 833: 831: 723:Russian Emperor 673: 652:, Metropolitan 602: 495: 477: 472: 411:. Metropolitan 340:is occupied by 279: 278: 268: 264: 259: 255: 187: 183: 169: 165: 161: 146: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 98: 95:Church Slavonic 42: 40: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5078: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5021: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4877: 4872: 4870:Fundamentalism 4867: 4865:Existentialism 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4836: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4756:God the Father 4753: 4748: 4743: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4595: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4576:Body of Christ 4573: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4451: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4435: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4411:Restorationist 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4387: 4386: 4375: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4120: 4115: 4113:Late antiquity 4110: 4104: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4090: 4083:Church fathers 4080: 4075: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4012: 4010: 3999: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3918: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 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3211:Theophilos III 3203: 3202: 3201: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3170:Constantinople 3166: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3027: 3021: 3013: 3012:External links 3010: 3008: 3007: 2983: 2961: 2940: 2925: 2901: 2875: 2846: 2821: 2779: 2767: 2745: 2733: 2729:on 2007-12-24. 2714: 2698:on 2007-10-30. 2683: 2657: 2615: 2596: 2584: 2567: 2564:on 2008-04-01. 2549: 2528: 2510: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2437: 2417: 2392: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2335: 2332:on 2007-06-25. 2317: 2296: 2283: 2266: 2257: 2245: 2234: 2219: 2204: 2189: 2178: 2163: 2151: 2134: 2113: 2098: 2077: 2056: 2041: 2023: 2011: 1987: 1984:on 2007-05-20. 1957: 1922: 1908: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1792: 1787: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1751: 1739: 1727: 1715: 1703: 1691: 1679: 1672: 1669: 1606: 1603: 1586: 1583: 1575: 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4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4252:Denominations 4249: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4221:Enlightenment 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 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