828:
2020:"By the 1880s, Maggie, like her sister Kate who was now widowed after losing her English husband Jenckens, had become a full-blown alcoholic. In 1888, the sisters confessed that they had faked the ghostly rapping which precipitated the age of spirit contact. They said they had produced knocking sounds by manipulating and cracking the joints in their feet and knees. For a while they made money giving lectures about this "deathblow" to Spiritualism. However, before she died, Maggie recanted the confession, and Kate began conveying spirit messages to close friends once again. Ultimately, trance mediumship brought the sisters neither wealth nor happiness. Both died in penurious circumstances, essentially drinking themselves to death."
1064:
2048:"The Davenports were exposed many times, not only by magicians but by scientists and college students. The latter ignited matches in the dark. The flickering flames disclosed the brothers, with their arms free, waving the instruments which until then had seemed to be floating. The exposures had little effect on that segment of the public which chose to believe the manifestations were genuine. They closed their minds to the truth and sat in awe, sure that spirits had been conjured up in their presence."
996:
2532:
1036:, chipboard, or plastic. On the board are a number of symbols, pictures, letters, numbers and/or words. The board is accompanied by a planchette (French for "little board"), which can take the form of a pointer on three legs or magnifying glass on legs; homemade boards may employ a shot glass as a planchette. A most basic Ouija board would contain simply the alphabet of whatever country the board is being used in, although it is not uncommon for whole words to be added.
1055:
whispered voices of spirits to audible range. "Spirit slates" consisted of two chalkboards bound together that, when opened, were said to reveal messages written by spirits. "Séance tables" were special light-weight tables which were said to rotate, float, or levitate when spirits were present. "Spirit cabinets" were portable closets into which mediums were placed, often bound with ropes, in order to prevent them from manipulating the various aforementioned tools.
5460:
3914:
2249:: "Houdini so strongly opposed the phony spiritualists that he testified against them before a committee of Congress. 'Please understand that, emphatically, I am not attacking a religion,' he said. 'I respect every genuine believer in spiritualism or any other religion ... But this thing they call spiritualism, wherein a medium intercommunicates with the dead, is a fraud from start to finish ... In thirty-five years, I have never seen one genuine medium.'"
3924:
1999:"In the autumn of 1888 Mrs. Kane (Margaretta Fox) and Mrs. Jencken (Catherine Fox) made public, and apparently spontaneous, confession, that the raps had been produced by fraudulent means. Mrs. Kane even gave demonstrations before large audiences of the actual manner in which the toe joints had been used at the early seances. Mrs. Jencken, at any rate, if not also Mrs. Kane, afterwards recanted her confession."
2546:
1224:
1896:"The unconscious or subconscious mind, according to classical Freudian psychoanalysis, is a 'part' of the mind that stores repressed memories. However, there is no scientific evidence (for) unconscious repression The unconscious mind is also thought by some, such as Jung and Tart, to be a reservoir of transcendent truths. There is no scientific evidence that this is true." Retrieved Nov 25 2007.
58:
1204:
handbell had moved when it had remained stationary and expressed their belief that the fake seances contained genuine paranormal phenomena. The experiments strongly supported the notion that in the seance room, believers are more suggestible than disbelievers for suggestions that are consistent with their belief in paranormal phenomena.
1012:
into an altered state of consciousness. These self-called "trance-mediums" often state that, when they emerge from the trance state, they have no recollection of the messages they conveyed; it is customary for such practitioners to work with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records their words.
1149:, or subconscious mechanism, by which a Ouija-user's mind unknowingly guides his hand upon the planchette, hence he will honestly believe he is not moving it, when, in fact, he is. This theory rests on the embedded premise that human beings actually have a "subconscious mind," a belief not held by all.
1011:
Mediumship involves an act where the practitioner attempts to receive messages from spirits of the dead and from other spirits that the practitioner believes exist. Some self-ordained mediums are fully conscious and awake while functioning as contacts; others may slip into a partial or full trance or
896:
Mediums who give performances on stage of contacting spirits, with audience members seated before them, are not literally holding a séance, because they themselves are not seated; however, this is still called "séance". One of the foremost early practitioners of this type of contact with the dead was
1128:
Critics of channeling—including both skeptics and believers—state that since the most commonly reported physical manifestations of channeling are an unusual vocal pattern or abnormal overt behaviors of the medium, it can be quite easily faked by anyone with theatrical talent. Critics of spirit board
1152:
The exposures of fraud by tool-using mediums have had two divergent results: skeptics have used historic exposures as a frame through which to view all spirit mediumship as inherently fraudulent, while believers have tended to eliminate the use of tools but continued to practice mediumship in full
835:
In addition to communicating with the spirits of people who have a personal relationship to congregants, some
Spiritual Churches also deal with spirits who may have a specific relationship to the medium or a historic relationship to the body of the church. An example of the latter is the spirit of
1715:
God's World: A Treatise on
Spiritualism Founded on Transcripts of Shorthand Notes Taken Down, Over a Period of Five Years, in the Seance-Room of the William T. Stead Memorial Center (a Religious Body Incorporated Under the Statutes of the State of Illinois), Mrs. Cecil M. Cook, Medium and Pastor.
1203:
when, in fact, it remained stationary. After the seance, approximately one third of the participants incorrectly reported that the table had moved. The results showed a greater percentage of believers reporting that the table had moved. In another experiment the believers had also reported that a
1054:
During the latter half of the 19th century, a number of
Spiritualist mediums began to advocate the use of specialized tools for conducting séances, particularly in leader-assisted sessions conducted in darkened rooms. "Spirit trumpets" were horn-shaped speaking tubes that were said to magnify the
819:
will relate messages from spirit personalities to those here in the physical form. Generally
Spiritualist "message services" or "demonstrations of the continuity of life" are open to the public. Sometimes the medium stands to receive messages and only the sitter is seated; in some churches, the
798:
In the religion of
Spiritualism, and the religion of Divine Metaphysics (a federally recognized religious branch out of Spiritualism in the United States), it is generally a part of services to communicate with living personalities in the spirit world. Usually, this is only called "séance" by
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and spell out messages using the symbols on the board is undermined by the fact that several people have their hands on the planchette, which allows any of them to spell out anything they want without the others knowing. They say that this is a common trick, used on occasions such as teenage
933:, or even smell. It was thought spirits of the dead resided within the realm of dark and shadow, making the absence of light a necessity to invoke them. Skeptics were unwilling to accept this required condition. Saying,"You would not buy an automobile if it was only presented in the dark."
956:, a tradition has grown up of conducting séances outside of any religious context and without a leader. Sometimes only two or three people are involved, and, if they are young, they may be using the séance as a way to test their understanding of the boundaries between reality and the
882:
1326:
have given partial or complete credit for some of their work to spirits that they contacted during seances. Paulina said that "when she painted, she did not have control over her brush, that it moved on its own, and that it was Lacamo (the spirit) who was directing it."
1039:
The board is used as follows: One or more of the participants in the séance place one or two fingers on the planchette which is in the middle of the board. The appointed medium asks questions of the spirit(s) with whom they are attempting to communicate.
755:
report marred the credibility of
Spiritualism at the height of its popularity by publishing exposures of fraud and showmanship among secular séance leaders. Modern séances continue to be a part of the religious services of Spiritualist,
1114:
described deceptive techniques that he himself had used in séances; however, in the same book, Keene also stated that he still had a firm belief in God, life after death, ESP, and other psychic phenomena. In his 2004 television special
799:
outsiders; the preferred term for
Spiritualists is "receiving messages". In these sessions, which generally take place in well-lit Spiritualist churches or outdoors at Spiritualist camps (such as
776:
is used in a few different ways, and can refer to any of four different activities, each with its own social norms and conventions, its own favoured tools, and its own range of expected outcomes.
976:
Here spiritualists and practitioners (psychic and mediums) hold a seance so that all participants speak with various personalities in the spirit world. This held in a seating manner in a circle.
921:
that theoretically allows the spirits to communicate through his or her body, conveying messages to the other participants. Other modes of communication may also be attempted, including
913:
Leader-assisted séances are generally conducted by small groups of people, with participants seated around a table in a dark or semi-dark room. The leader is typically asserted to be a
827:
901:, who worked with the spirits of the relatives of audience members, but was also famed for his ability to contact and deliver messages from ancient seers and philosophers, such as
1410:, who clearly stated that he did not oppose the religion of Spiritualism itself, but only the trickery by phony mediums that was being practiced in the name of the religion.
5198:
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1295:, the Prime Minister of Canada for 22 years, who sought spiritual contact and political guidance from his deceased mother, his pet dogs, and the late US President
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held a séance and afterwards described some of the tricks used by him (and 19th-century mediums) to create the illusion of paranormal events.
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This is the type of séance that is most often the subject of shock and scandal when it turns out that the leader is practicing some form of
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Spirit boards, also known as talking boards, or ouija boards (after a well-known brand name) are flat tablets, typically made of wood,
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discourse with or relay messages from spirits. In modern
English usage, participants need not be seated while engaged in a séance.
5262:
2903:
1090:, citing a lack of empirical evidence. The exposure of supposed mediums whose use of séance tools derived from the techniques of
696:). In English, however, the word came to be used specifically for a meeting of people who are gathered to receive messages from
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2017:
1996:
1945:
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Scientists who have conducted a search for real séances and believed that contact with the dead is a reality include chemist
867:, which somewhat resembles Spiritualism, séance sessions in which congregants attempt to communicate with spirits are called
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communication techniques—again including both skeptics and believers—state that the premise that a spirit will move the
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372:
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2423:
2217:
2045:
1875:
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1260:, who were famous for the spirit cabinet work. Both the Foxes and the Davenports were eventually exposed as frauds.
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2888:
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357:
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who lived during the 19th century. Black Hawk was a spirit who was often contacted by the
Spiritualist medium
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2662:
1958:
Jews have sometimes engaged in conjuring spirits when worried, even though the Bible prohibits this behavior.
739:
in the mid-nineteenth century. Perhaps the best-known series of séances conducted at that time were those of
1735:"The Museum of Talking Boards, a photo-gallery of historical and contemporary spirit boards and planchettes"
1283:
Notable people who have attended séances and professed a belief in
Spiritualism include the social reformer
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5057:
4750:
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3462:
3006:
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1681:
Paschal Beverly Randolph: A Nineteenth-Century Black American Spiritualist, Rosicrucian, and Sex Magician
1292:
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has been disturbing to many believers in spirit communication. In particular, the 1870s exposures of the
270:
150:
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1110:
made a side-line of exposing fraudulent mediums during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1976,
674:, "to sit". In French, the word's meaning is quite general and mundane: one may, for example, speak of "
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4700:
4660:
4550:
1937:
728:
4625:
1252:
Among the notable people who conducted small leader-assisted séances during the 19th century were the
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17:
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4967:
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4278:
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3285:
3155:
2281:
Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined
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1970:
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898:
885:
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1213:
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1004:
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2010:
Victorian Women and the Theatre of Trance: Mediums, Spiritualists and Mesmerists in Performance
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have a long history of exposing the fraudulent methods of mediumship. Early debunkers included
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2029:
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871:(literally "masses"). The spirits addressed in Espiritismo are often those of ancestors or
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churches today, where a greater emphasis is placed on spiritual values versus showmanship.
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documented many mediums who had been caught in fraud and the tricks they used in his book
8:
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3987:
3973:
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3018:
2759:
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2315:
Spook crooks! Exposing the secrets of the prophet-eers who conduct our wickedest industry
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1472:
1414:
930:
789:
757:
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550:
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41:
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4358:
4323:
4168:
4042:
3899:
3803:
3743:
3703:
3651:
3583:
3555:
3467:
3421:
3013:
2645:
2615:
2466:
The Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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2037:
1717:
1587:
1507:
1422:
1403:
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1300:
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1099:
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808:
752:
260:
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1918:
Ghosts can come to us for good, but we must not attempt to conjure or control spirits.
1379:
Among the best-known exposers of fraudulent mediumship acts have been the researchers
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4715:
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4228:
4223:
4153:
4108:
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4032:
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3671:
3666:
3510:
3492:
3125:
3113:
2469:
2442:
2419:
2396:
2355:
2213:
2121:
2091:
2041:
2013:
1992:
1941:
1871:
1860:
1838:
1800:
1684:
1628:
1621:
1594:
1345:
1342:
926:
740:
555:
265:
130:
85:
75:
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715:, published in England in 1760. Among the notable spirits quoted in this volume are
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4363:
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3778:
3593:
3588:
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3322:
3317:
3103:
2969:
2959:
2861:
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2831:
2782:
2635:
2536:
2347:
2310:
1765:
1456:
1448:
1436:
1396:
1364:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1142:
1091:
937:
853:
804:
622:
490:
387:
377:
2180:
5463:
5386:
5161:
4809:
4790:
4720:
4655:
4620:
4605:
4413:
4373:
4313:
4288:
4148:
3868:
3833:
3783:
3738:
3713:
3352:
3223:
3082:
2954:
2949:
2866:
2816:
2809:
2797:
2707:
2246:
1654:
1512:
1102:
brought an end to the first historic phase of Spiritualism. Stage magicians like
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716:
665:
656:
432:
235:
170:
105:
4128:
2157:
1906:
1567:
Preliminary Report of the Commission Appointed by the University of Pennsylvania
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4755:
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4600:
4590:
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4388:
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4113:
4083:
3917:
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3168:
3001:
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2512:
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1830:
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1444:
1440:
1315:
1111:
995:
849:
520:
515:
452:
410:
255:
250:
115:
3374:
1417:
exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums such as those used in slate-writing,
5478:
5413:
5304:
4939:
4879:
4725:
4675:
4640:
4635:
4580:
4540:
4393:
4353:
4343:
4298:
4178:
4133:
4123:
4098:
4057:
4007:
3938:
3676:
3661:
3618:
3576:
3530:
3364:
3342:
3218:
3185:
3077:
3052:
2275:
1984:
1758:"How to use the Ouija Board – A guide to the safe use of this ancient device"
1667:"Sunday Services are held at the Healing Temple on East Street in Lily Dale."
1426:
1418:
1407:
1380:
1368:
1323:
1107:
1049:
860:
821:
545:
457:
300:
245:
225:
175:
125:
1796:
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
1141:
Another criticism of spirit board communication involves what is called the
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4595:
4560:
4545:
4535:
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4403:
4378:
4308:
4293:
4208:
4173:
4143:
4103:
4078:
4027:
3892:
3773:
3656:
3540:
3457:
3381:
3369:
3228:
3135:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
2990:
2841:
2821:
2764:
2749:
2640:
2483:
2461:
2434:
2411:
2359:
2234:
Harry Houdini: A biographical essay by staff at the Appleton Public Library
1647:
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1468:
1356:
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1027:
922:
724:
570:
560:
540:
535:
475:
352:
285:
220:
100:
2416:
The Sorcerer of Kings: The Case of Daniel Dunglas Home and William Crookes
820:
message service is preceded by a "healing service" involving some form of
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4899:
4884:
4745:
4735:
4710:
4438:
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4248:
4203:
4188:
4088:
3848:
3843:
3813:
3768:
3748:
3733:
3728:
3708:
3625:
3550:
3520:
3477:
3307:
3190:
2826:
2792:
2724:
2702:
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2687:
2372:
1790:
1565:
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1460:
1388:
1319:
1284:
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1172:
1087:
864:
793:
761:
744:
743:
who, grieving the loss of her son, organized Spiritualist séances in the
565:
290:
2531:
2377:
Sixty Years Of Psychical Research: Houdini And I Among The Spiritualists
5314:
4889:
4801:
4775:
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4368:
4283:
4233:
4017:
3818:
3788:
3753:
3723:
3696:
3598:
3426:
3386:
3238:
3195:
3173:
3140:
2836:
2754:
2712:
2692:
2602:
2318:
2087:
King: William Lyon Mackenzie King: a Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny
1734:
1480:
1199:
believers and disbelievers were suggested by an actor that a table was
1196:
1188:
1168:
1160:
1130:
990:
961:
957:
914:
816:
731:. The popularity of séances grew dramatically with the founding of the
701:
525:
345:
280:
185:
135:
90:
49:
2090:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 2–14.
1890:
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3145:
3120:
2996:
2677:
2672:
1304:
1135:
941:
800:
295:
120:
80:
2490:
The Question: A Brief History and Examination of Modern Spiritualism
3838:
3808:
3359:
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3280:
3108:
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2610:
1207:
1033:
872:
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732:
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530:
437:
362:
165:
155:
5028:
5018:
2517:
Thirty Years of Psychical Research being a Treatise on Metaphysics
1648:"Sunday Afternoon Message Service at Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp."
1421:, trumpet mediumship, materializations, sealed-letter reading and
1015:
5364:
3875:
3515:
3482:
3327:
3275:
3036:
2974:
2787:
2667:
2143:
The spiritualists: the story of Florence Cook and William Crookes
1794:
1079:
1068:
812:
510:
305:
230:
190:
929:, numbered raps, levitation of the table or of spirit trumpets,
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5139:
5035:
4062:
3828:
3525:
3295:
3163:
3087:
2729:
2545:
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953:
669:
427:
195:
95:
1223:
5435:
5129:
4832:
3411:
3391:
3332:
3130:
2587:
1706:, The Heyday of Spiritualism. New York: Hawthorn Books. 1970.
1021:
965:
902:
881:
875:
707:
Fictionalised conversations between the deceased appeared in
697:
637:
205:
1589:
Lily Dale: The True Story of the Town that Talks to the Dead
1191:
in seances. In a series of fake seance experiments (Wiseman
1082:
generally consider both religious and secular séances to be
852:
and he remains the central focus of special services in the
5440:
1623:
The Spirit of Black Hawk: A Mystery of Africans and Indians
1156:
1083:
631:
367:
1972:
Belief in the paranormal and suggestion in the seance room
1263:
In the 20th century, notable trance mediums also include
1043:
2556:
62:
Séance conducted by John Beattie, Bristol, England, 1872
2307:
Hours With the Ghosts Or Nineteenth Century Witchcraft
2236:
based primarily on material provided in the biography
660:) is an attempt to communicate with spirits. The word
1233:
Popular 19th-century trance medium lecturers include
984:
643:
640:
628:
1367:, who said he had contacted the spirit of inventor
1256:, whose activities included table-rapping, and the
1067:A poster for an early 20th century stage show from
751:, and other prominent members of society. The 1887
625:
2500:
2487:
1620:
1586:
1071:, advertised as proving that spirits do not return
1975:. British Journal of Psychology, 94 (3): 285–297.
1969:Wiseman, R., Greening, E., and Smith, M. (2003).
1531:
1479:exposed a number of fraudulent mediums including
5476:
2032:. (1990 edition, originally published in 1962).
1208:Notable séance mediums, attendees, and debunkers
747:, which were attended by her husband, President
1314:A number of artists, including abstractionists
1016:Spirit boards, talking boards, and ouija boards
3968:
2204:
1989:Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism
1929:
1532:Lyttleton, George; Montegue, Eizabeth (1760).
979:
4817:
4480:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
3954:
2572:
1923:
1570:, The Seybert Commission, 1887. 1 April 2004.
1003:in a séance with cardboard cut out figure of
592:
2198:
1503:Harry Houdini § Debunking spiritualists
675:
2393:The Enigma of Daniel Home: Medium or Fraud?
2158:"The Scientific Aspect of the Supernatural"
1899:
1789:
1471:have documented the trickery of the medium
1153:confidence of its spiritual value to them.
1098:as illusionists and the 1887 report of the
891:
681:
634:
4824:
4810:
3961:
3947:
2579:
2565:
2299:Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena
1552:. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 1994.
947:
908:
815:), an ordained minister or gifted contact
599:
585:
56:
4490:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
2601:
2346:
1393:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
4831:
1987:. (2011, originally published in 1902).
1933:Not to worry: Jewish wisdom and folklore
1825:
1823:
1785:
1783:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1222:
1062:
994:
880:
826:
668:word for "session", from the Old French
2155:
1678:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1451:. Later magicians to reveal fraud were
960:. It is in such small séances that the
14:
5477:
2503:The Follies and Frauds of Spiritualism
2274:
2263:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
2083:
2063:at The William T. Stead Resource Site"
1991:. Cambridge University Press. p. 188.
1857:
1683:. State University of New York Press.
1584:
1138:parties, to scare the people present.
1058:
1044:Trumpets, slates, tables, and cabinets
971:
767:
4805:
4505:International Spiritualist Federation
3942:
2929:List of ways people dishonor the dead
2560:
2441:. Helix Press New York. pp. 400–414.
2120:. Vol. I. New York: Arno Press.
2110:
1829:
1820:
1780:
1755:
1709:
1618:
1573:
856:Spiritual Churches that she founded.
655:
383:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
2178:
2140:
1697:
1607:
1561:
1559:
952:Among those with an interest in the
779:
4460:List of Spiritualist organizations
2337:. New York: Macfadden Publications.
1909:. Catholic Exchange. 7 October 2006
1627:. University Press of Mississippi.
27:Attempt to communicate with spirits
24:
2934:List of ways people honor the dead
2519:. New York: The Macmillan Company.
2454:
985:Mediumship, trance, and channeling
373:James Randi Educational Foundation
25:
5511:
2965:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
2524:
2354:. New York: D. Kemp and Company.
2240:by Adam Woog (Lucent Books, 1995)
1556:
5459:
5458:
3922:
3913:
3912:
2544:
2530:
621:
3923:
2428:
2405:
2382:
2366:
2340:
2324:
2288:
2268:
2252:
2226:
2179:Goff, Hannah (30 August 2005).
2172:
2156:Wallace, Alfred Russel (1866).
2149:
2134:
2104:
2077:
2051:
2023:
2002:
1978:
1963:
1884:
1851:
1749:
1727:
1431:Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud?
1145:which has been suggested as an
968:board are most often utilized.
358:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1862:The Illusion of Conscious Will
1679:Deveney, John Patrick (1996).
1672:
1669:. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
1660:
1657:. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
1641:
1542:
1525:
1385:Society for Psychical Research
1287:; the journalist and pacifist
13:
1:
5393:Hammersmith Ghost murder case
4485:Spiritualists' National Union
2985:Maternal mortality in fiction
2535:The dictionary definition of
2265:. Herbert B. Turner & Co.
1519:
1178:
723:, a "North-American Savage",
713:George, First Baron Lyttelton
312:Reportedly haunted locations:
4475:London Spiritualist Alliance
2899:Expressions related to death
2852:Medical declaration of death
2439:Investigating the Paranormal
1793:; Clarke, Arthur C. (1997).
1374:
1299:; the journalist and author
1278:
917:and he or she may go into a
7:
5291:Electronic voice phenomenon
5084:locations in United Kingdom
2919:Preventable causes of death
2352:Inside the Medium's Cabinet
2117:The History of Spiritualism
1907:"Do You Believe in Ghosts?"
1737:. Museumoftalkingboards.com
1490:
1293:William Lyon Mackenzie King
980:Séance tools and techniques
944:tricks to defraud clients.
151:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
5516:
1938:Jewish Publication Society
1585:Wicker, Christine (2003).
1218:
1211:
1169:conjure or control spirits
1047:
1025:
1019:
1005:King Ferdinand of Bulgaria
988:
783:
729:Christina, Queen of Sweden
29:
5454:
5401:
5378:
5330:
5276:
5250:
5225:
5209:
5114:
5066:
4955:
4932:
4923:
4852:
4843:
4513:
4495:Spiritual church movement
4452:
4071:
3980:
3908:
3634:
3564:
3450:
3404:
3286:Consciousness after death
3266:
3209:
3154:
3096:
3045:
3034:
3027:
2942:
2879:
2773:
2594:
2586:
2507:. London: Watts & Co.
2494:. London: Grant Richards.
2284:. London: Watts & Co.
2212:. Arrow. pp. 95–96.
2065:. Attackingthedevil.co.uk
1550:"Telegrams from the Dead"
1413:The psychical researcher
1355:, experimental physicist
1350:inventor of the telephone
1187:has revealed the role of
5263:Ancient Egyptian culture
3687:Personification of death
2909:People by cause of death
2309:. Kessinger Publishing.
2181:"Science and the Seance"
2141:Hall, Trevor H. (1963).
2034:Magic: A Picture History
1893:The Skeptic's Dictionary
1716:Compiled and Written by
1247:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1086:, or at least a form of
899:Paschal Beverly Randolph
892:Stage mediumship séances
886:Paschal Beverly Randolph
423:Apparitional experiences
5286:Apparitional experience
4761:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
4626:Carlos María de Heredia
3764:Death-positive movement
3609:Post-mortem photography
2889:Causes of death by rate
2817:Death by natural causes
1930:Klein, Michele (2003).
1891:Carroll, Robert, Todd,
1858:Wegner, Daniel (2002).
1535:Dialogues with the Dead
1214:Spiritualism (movement)
948:Informal social séances
909:Leader-assisted séances
786:Spiritualism (movement)
670:
481:Argument from ignorance
448:Out-of-body experiences
161:Extrasensory perception
32:Séance (disambiguation)
4915:Procession of the dead
4691:Charles Arthur Mercier
4500:Arthur Findlay College
4339:William Stainton Moses
4304:Gladys Osborne Leonard
3799:Fascination with death
3437:Reincarnation research
3432:Out-of-body experience
2894:Notable deaths by year
2735:Immunogenic cell death
2651:Temporal lobe necrosis
2335:Spirit Mediums Exposed
2301:. Munn & Company.
2084:Levine, Allan (2011).
2030:Christopher, Milbourne
1866:. MIT Press. pp.
1799:. St. Martin's Press.
1724:Memorial Center, 1919.
1361:inventor of television
1336:evolutionary biologist
1230:
1185:anomalistic psychology
1163:are taught that it is
1072:
1008:
888:
832:
676:
506:Communal reinforcement
5370:Paranormal television
5079:locations in Scotland
4651:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
4556:Milbourne Christopher
4465:Spiritualist churches
4334:Lorin Morgan-Richards
4329:William Usborne Moore
3998:Cross-Correspondences
3604:Post-mortem chemistry
3417:Near-death experience
3313:Desecration of graves
3249:Postmortem caloricity
3214:Beating heart cadaver
2658:Programmed cell death
2626:Liquefactive necrosis
2499:Mann, Walter (1919).
2061:Stead on Spiritualism
2008:Lehman, Amy. (2009).
1720:. Chicago, Ill.: The
1619:Barry, Jason (1995).
1498:Fortune telling fraud
1353:Alexander Graham Bell
1339:Alfred Russel Wallace
1297:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1273:David Marius Guardino
1243:Emma Hardinge Britten
1226:
1066:
1026:Further information:
998:
884:
830:
709:Dialogues of the Dead
486:Argumentum ad populum
418:Anomalous experiences
398:Scientific skepticism
216:Paranormal television
5355:Stories about ghosts
5179:District of Columbia
4666:John Nevil Maskelyne
4566:Edmund Smith Conklin
3794:Festival of the Dead
3692:Dying-and-rising god
3647:Chinese burial money
3536:Prohibition of dying
3488:Death-qualified jury
3254:Post-mortem interval
2914:Premature obituaries
2621:Coagulative necrosis
2553:at Wikimedia Commons
2418:. Prometheus Books.
2395:. Prometheus Books.
2012:. McFarland. p. 87.
1837:. Prometheus Books.
1538:. London: W. Sandby.
1400:John Nevil Maskelyne
1104:John Nevil Maskelyne
938:stage magic illusion
677:une séance de cinéma
501:Cognitive dissonance
496:Begging the question
443:Ideomotor phenomenon
30:For other uses, see
5424:Kardecist spiritism
5268:Classical antiquity
4741:Julien J. Proskauer
4531:George Miller Beard
4526:John Henry Anderson
4264:Daniel Dunglas Home
3981:History and beliefs
3854:Philosophy of death
3719:Death from laughter
3019:Perinatal mortality
2760:Mitotic catastrophe
2740:Ischemic cell death
2683:Intrinsic apoptosis
2631:Gangrenous necrosis
2468:. Alfred E. Knopf.
2259:Hereward Carrington
2210:Hiding the Elephant
2112:Doyle, Arthur Conan
1756:Cumerlato, Daniel.
1473:Daniel Dunglas Home
1415:Hereward Carrington
1395:, the professional
1171:in accordance with
1076:Scientific skeptics
1059:Critical objections
972:Spiritualist seance
790:Kardecist spiritism
768:Varieties of séance
551:Scientific evidence
393:Scientific literacy
5338:Films about ghosts
5322:Spirit photography
4781:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
4616:William A. Hammond
4419:Stanisława Tomczyk
4409:Emanuel Swedenborg
4359:Ethel Post-Parrish
4324:Francis Ward Monck
4169:Arthur Conan Doyle
4043:Spirit photography
3900:Thanatosensitivity
3804:Hierarchy of death
3744:Death notification
3652:Coins for the dead
3584:Forensic pathology
3468:Capital punishment
3422:Near-death studies
3014:Mortality salience
2646:Fibrinoid necrosis
2616:Avascular necrosis
2245:2007-11-13 at the
2038:Dover Publications
1718:Lloyd Kenyon Jones
1653:2007-10-28 at the
1508:List of channelers
1463:. The researchers
1423:spirit photography
1404:Davenport Brothers
1309:Arthur Conan Doyle
1301:Lloyd Kenyon Jones
1258:Davenport Brothers
1231:
1100:Seybert Commission
1096:Davenport Brothers
1073:
1009:
889:
833:
753:Seybert Commission
700:or to listen to a
261:Spirit photography
211:Paranormal fiction
131:Demonic possession
5472:
5471:
5246:
5245:
4905:Residual haunting
4870:Haunted locations
4860:Ancestral spirits
4799:
4798:
4786:Lyttelton Winslow
4751:Donovan Rawcliffe
4716:E. Clephan Palmer
4686:Georgess McHargue
4576:Stuart Cumberland
4551:William Carpenter
4470:Spiritist centres
4429:George Valiantine
4349:Eusapia Palladino
4319:Carmine Mirabelli
4279:Swami Laura Horos
4229:Kathleen Goligher
4154:Geraldine Cummins
4109:Stephen E. Braude
4048:Spirit possession
4033:Spiritual healing
3993:Automatic writing
3936:
3935:
3672:Death anniversary
3667:Death and culture
3511:Dying declaration
3493:Death certificate
3400:
3399:
3262:
3261:
3114:Neuropreservation
2904:Natural disasters
2875:
2874:
2549:Media related to
2475:978-0-394-52740-6
2348:Dinninger, Joseph
2097:978-1-5536-5560-2
2018:978-0-7864-3479-4
1997:978-1-108-07257-1
1947:978-0-8276-0753-8
1835:The Psychic Mafia
1768:on 5 October 2014
1593:. HarperCollins.
1402:(who exposed the
1346:Guglielmo Marconi
1343:inventor of radio
1245:(1823–1899), and
999:The fraud medium
927:automatic writing
780:Religious séances
741:Mary Todd Lincoln
609:
608:
556:Scientific method
266:Spirit possession
76:Astral projection
16:(Redirected from
5507:
5462:
5461:
4930:
4929:
4875:Haunted highways
4826:
4819:
4812:
4803:
4802:
4731:Massimo Polidoro
4681:Henry C. McComas
4586:Joseph Dunninger
4364:James Van Praagh
4254:Gordon Higginson
4194:William Eglinton
4038:Spirit obsession
3963:
3956:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3896:
3881:Assisted suicide
3779:Death trajectory
3594:Mortuary science
3589:Funeral director
3580:
3546:Suspicious death
3318:Eternal oblivion
3104:Cryopreservation
3043:
3042:
3032:
3031:
2970:Infant mortality
2960:Excess mortality
2862:Terminal illness
2847:Lazarus syndrome
2832:End-of-life care
2783:Accidental death
2636:Caseous necrosis
2599:
2598:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2534:
2520:
2508:
2506:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2449:
2432:
2426:
2409:
2403:
2386:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2344:
2338:
2328:
2322:
2311:Julien Proskauer
2292:
2286:
2285:
2272:
2266:
2256:
2250:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2202:
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2108:
2102:
2101:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2027:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1882:
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1865:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:. Archived from
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1725:
1722:William T. Stead
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1582:
1571:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1457:Joseph Dunninger
1449:Julien Proskauer
1365:John Logie Baird
1289:William T. Stead
1239:Achsa W. Sprague
1235:Cora Scott Hatch
1228:Cora Scott Hatch
1143:ideomotor effect
854:African American
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
673:
659:
654:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
601:
594:
587:
491:Bandwagon effect
388:Pseudoskepticism
378:Magical thinking
60:
37:
36:
21:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5450:
5397:
5387:Booty v Barnaby
5374:
5331:Popular culture
5326:
5272:
5242:
5221:
5205:
5162:Day of the Dead
5110:
5101:Slavic religion
5062:
4951:
4925:
4919:
4848:
4839:
4830:
4800:
4795:
4791:Richard Wiseman
4721:Ronald Pearsall
4701:John Mulholland
4656:Rose Mackenberg
4621:C. E. M. Hansel
4606:G. Stanley Hall
4509:
4448:
4414:Rosina Thompson
4374:Estelle Roberts
4314:Heinrich Melzer
4289:James H. Hyslop
4259:Richard Hodgson
4149:William Crookes
4067:
4013:Materialization
3976:
3967:
3937:
3932:
3904:
3890:
3834:Museum of Death
3784:Dignified death
3739:Death messenger
3714:Death education
3630:
3574:
3560:
3498:Declared death
3446:
3396:
3353:Online mourning
3258:
3224:Cadaveric spasm
3205:
3150:
3092:
3083:Skeletonization
3023:
2955:Child mortality
2950:Birthday effect
2938:
2871:
2867:Unnatural death
2798:Brainstem death
2769:
2708:Pseudoapoptosis
2590:
2585:
2527:
2513:Richet, Charles
2511:
2498:
2482:
2476:
2460:
2457:
2455:Further reading
2452:
2433:
2429:
2410:
2406:
2387:
2383:
2379:. Truth Seeker.
2371:
2367:
2345:
2341:
2329:
2325:
2293:
2289:
2273:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2247:Wayback Machine
2231:
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1831:Keene, M. Lamar
1828:
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1661:
1655:Wayback Machine
1646:
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1574:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:Psychic reading
1493:
1397:stage magicians
1377:
1332:William Crookes
1281:
1221:
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1210:
1181:
1061:
1052:
1046:
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1024:
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987:
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911:
894:
844:warrior of the
842:Native American
796:
784:Main articles:
782:
770:
749:Abraham Lincoln
717:Peter the Great
693:
691:a movie session
690:
687:
684:
664:comes from the
657:[seɑ̃s]
652:
624:
620:
605:
576:
575:
471:
463:
462:
433:False awakening
413:
403:
402:
348:
338:
337:
236:Psychic reading
171:Fortune-telling
106:Close encounter
71:
63:
35:
28:
23:
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15:
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5:
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5469:
5467:
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5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5431:The Ghost Club
5428:
5427:
5426:
5416:
5411:
5409:Fear of ghosts
5405:
5403:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5382:
5380:
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5375:
5373:
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5307:
5302:
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5288:
5282:
5280:
5278:Parapsychology
5274:
5273:
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5147:
5145:Ghost sickness
5142:
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4997:Ghost Festival
4994:
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4959:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:South Africa (
4942:
4936:
4934:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4910:Vengeful ghost
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Haunted trains
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4853:Manifestations
4850:
4849:
4846:List of ghosts
4844:
4841:
4840:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4766:Chung Ling Soo
4763:
4758:
4756:Joseph F. Rinn
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4706:Fulton Oursler
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4671:Henry Maudsley
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:Joseph Jastrow
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Trevor H. Hall
4608:
4603:
4601:Martin Gardner
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4571:Millais Culpin
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4541:Lionel Branson
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4389:Rudi Schneider
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4269:Elizabeth Hope
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Eileen Garrett
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4119:Rosemary Brown
4116:
4114:William Breeze
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4094:Charles Bailey
4091:
4086:
4084:Rosemary Altea
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Apparent death
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Cause of death
3470:
3465:
3463:Administration
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:Death erection
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3169:Natural burial
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3002:Mortality rate
2999:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2980:Maternal death
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Unusual deaths
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Organ donation
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2805:Clinical death
2802:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2526:
2525:External links
2523:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2447:978-0912328980
2427:
2404:
2401:978-0879752361
2389:Trevor H. Hall
2381:
2365:
2339:
2331:Fulton Oursler
2323:
2295:Chung Ling Soo
2287:
2276:McCabe, Joseph
2267:
2251:
2225:
2218:
2206:Jim Steinmeyer
2197:
2171:
2148:
2145:. Helix Press.
2133:
2127:978-0405070259
2126:
2103:
2096:
2076:
2050:
2022:
2001:
1985:Podmore, Frank
1977:
1962:
1946:
1922:
1898:
1883:
1876:
1850:
1844:978-1573921619
1843:
1819:
1806:978-0312151195
1805:
1779:
1748:
1726:
1708:
1696:
1690:978-0791431207
1689:
1671:
1659:
1640:
1633:
1606:
1600:978-0060086664
1599:
1572:
1555:
1541:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1465:Trevor H. Hall
1453:Fulton Oursler
1441:Chung Ling Soo
1425:. The skeptic
1376:
1373:
1316:Hilma af Klint
1280:
1277:
1220:
1217:
1212:Main article:
1209:
1206:
1180:
1177:
1167:to attempt to
1112:M. Lamar Keene
1060:
1057:
1048:Main article:
1045:
1042:
1020:Main article:
1017:
1014:
989:Main article:
986:
983:
981:
978:
973:
970:
949:
946:
910:
907:
893:
890:
861:Latin American
850:Leafy Anderson
809:Camp Cassadaga
781:
778:
769:
766:
607:
606:
604:
603:
596:
589:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
521:Fringe science
518:
516:Falsifiability
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
472:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
453:Parapsychology
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
411:Parapsychology
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
349:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
325:
323:United Kingdom
320:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
256:Retrocognition
253:
251:Remote viewing
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
116:Crystal gazing
113:
108:
103:
98:
96:Breatharianism
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5512:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5465:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:Spectrophilia
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Ghost hunting
5303:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:South America
5208:
5200:
5199:San Francisco
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5169:United States
5167:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:North America
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:Madam Koi Koi
4938:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:Haunted ships
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4880:Haunted house
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4726:Frank Podmore
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Joseph McCabe
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Harry Houdini
4639:
4637:
4636:Terence Hines
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Eric Dingwall
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:Organizations
4451:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Maria Silbert
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Leonora Piper
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Einer Nielsen
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:Franek Kluski
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Harry Edwards
4182:
4180:
4179:Eddy Brothers
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Florence Cook
4137:
4135:
4134:Doris Collins
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Sylvia Browne
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4099:Bangs Sisters
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:Spiritualists
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4058:Table-turning
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:Spirit guides
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Faith healing
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3929:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:Death anxiety
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Darwin Awards
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3619:Biostratinomy
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3569:
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3531:Necropolitics
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3365:Reincarnation
3363:
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3279:
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3273:
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3269:
3268:Other aspects
3265:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
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3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Body donation
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Dismemberment
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
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3147:
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3134:
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3131:Mummification
3129:
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3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
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3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
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3089:
3088:Fossilization
3086:
3084:
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3079:
3078:Decomposition
3076:
3074:
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3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
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3053:Pallor mortis
3051:
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3033:
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3026:
3020:
3017:
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2563:
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2559:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2541:at Wiktionary
2540:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2484:Clodd, Edward
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2462:Brandon, Ruth
2459:
2458:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2424:0-87975-863-5
2421:
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2283:
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2264:
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2255:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Harry Houdini
2235:
2229:
2221:
2219:0-09-947664-9
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2159:
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2144:
2137:
2129:
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2107:
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2054:
2047:
2046:0-486-26373-8
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
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1966:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1887:
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1877:0-262-73162-2
1873:
1869:
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1854:
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1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1808:
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1712:
1705:
1704:Brown, Slater
1700:
1692:
1686:
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1634:0-87805-806-0
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1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:Joseph McCabe
1424:
1420:
1419:table-turning
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:Harry Houdini
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:Frank Podmore
1372:
1370:
1369:Thomas Edison
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1324:Paulina Peavy
1321:
1317:
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1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
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1259:
1255:
1250:
1249:(1825–1875).
1248:
1244:
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1236:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
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1148:
1144:
1139:
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1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:Harry Houdini
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1051:
1050:Table-turning
1041:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1013:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
977:
969:
967:
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870:
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857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
829:
825:
823:
822:faith healing
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
791:
787:
777:
775:
765:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
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738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
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714:
710:
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703:
702:spirit medium
699:
678:
672:
667:
663:
658:
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614:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
582:
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579:
572:
569:
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564:
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559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Pseudoscience
544:
542:
539:
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509:
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467:
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459:
458:Synchronicity
456:
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334:
331:
329:
328:United States
326:
324:
321:
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316:
315:
314:
313:
307:
304:
302:
301:Table-turning
299:
297:
294:
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287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
246:Reincarnation
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Preternatural
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Ghost hunting
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
126:Cryptozoology
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
70:Main articles
67:
66:
59:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5495:Spiritualism
5419:Spiritualism
5385:
5309:
5295:
5258:Mesopotamian
5194:Pennsylvania
4924:By continent
4895:Hungry ghost
4865:Ghost lights
4771:Gordon Stein
4596:Chris French
4561:Edward Clodd
4546:Derren Brown
4536:Ruth Brandon
4521:David Abbott
4444:Chico Xavier
4404:Doris Stokes
4379:Jane Roberts
4309:Oliver Lodge
4294:Allan Kardec
4274:William Hope
4209:Leslie Flint
4174:Helen Duncan
4164:Frank Decker
4159:Pearl Curran
4144:Mina Crandon
4129:Eva Carrière
4104:Ada Besinnet
4079:Derek Acorah
4053:Spirit world
4022:
3970:Spiritualism
3774:Death threat
3657:Dark tourism
3599:Necrobiology
3541:Right to die
3499:
3458:Abortion law
3441:
3382:Resurrection
3370:Palingenesis
3267:
3229:Coffin birth
3136:Plastination
3097:Preservation
3073:Putrefaction
3068:Rigor mortis
3063:Algor mortis
3058:Livor mortis
3035:
2991:Memento mori
2989:
2842:Lazarus sign
2822:Death rattle
2765:Suicide gene
2750:Karyorrhexis
2641:Fat necrosis
2537:
2516:
2502:
2489:
2465:
2438:
2435:Tony Cornell
2430:
2415:
2412:Gordon Stein
2407:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2351:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2317:. New York,
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2151:
2142:
2136:
2116:
2106:
2086:
2079:
2067:. Retrieved
2060:
2053:
2033:
2025:
2009:
2004:
1988:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1951:. Retrieved
1932:
1925:
1917:
1911:. Retrieved
1901:
1892:
1886:
1861:
1853:
1834:
1810:. Retrieved
1795:
1791:Randi, James
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1761:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1711:
1699:
1680:
1674:
1662:
1643:
1622:
1588:
1566:
1544:
1534:
1527:
1477:Tony Cornell
1469:Gordon Stein
1435:
1430:
1412:
1378:
1357:Oliver Lodge
1329:
1313:
1282:
1262:
1251:
1232:
1192:
1183:Research in
1182:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1127:
1123:Derren Brown
1116:
1074:
1053:
1038:
1031:
1028:Dactylomancy
1010:
1001:Eva Carrière
975:
951:
935:
923:psychography
912:
895:
868:
863:religion of
858:
834:
797:
773:
771:
737:Spiritualism
725:William Penn
708:
706:
661:
616:
612:
610:
571:Urban legend
561:Superstition
541:Protoscience
536:Junk science
476:Anomalistics
353:Cold reading
311:
310:
286:Supernatural
276:Spiritualism
271:Spirit world
221:Precognition
141:Doppelgänger
101:Clairvoyance
5379:Court cases
4926:and culture
4900:Poltergeist
4746:James Randi
4736:Harry Price
4711:Joe Nickell
4696:Albert Moll
4661:David Marks
4591:Henry Evans
4439:Etta Wriedt
4434:Jack Webber
4399:Henry Slade
4384:William Roy
4249:Alec Harris
4244:Robert Hare
4214:Arthur Ford
4204:Fox sisters
4199:Colin Evans
4189:John Edward
4089:Dan Aykroyd
3891: [
3849:Necrophobia
3844:Necrophilia
3814:Immortality
3769:Death squad
3749:Death panel
3734:Death march
3729:Death knell
3709:Death drive
3682:Death deity
3626:Thanatology
3575: [
3521:Legal death
3500:in absentia
3478:Civil death
3323:Examination
3308:Crematorium
3191:Excarnation
3028:After death
2827:Dysthanasia
2793:Brain death
2725:Autoschizis
2703:Phenoptosis
2698:Parthanatos
2688:Necroptosis
2595:In medicine
2373:Joseph Rinn
2303:Henry Evans
1762:Ghost Walks
1485:Alec Harris
1461:Joseph Rinn
1445:Henry Evans
1389:Harry Price
1363:technology
1320:Regina Five
1307:and author
1285:Robert Owen
1269:Arthur Ford
1265:Edgar Cayce
1254:Fox sisters
1173:Deuteronomy
1121:, magician
1092:stage magic
1088:pious fraud
865:Espiritismo
803:in upstate
794:Espiritismo
762:Espiritismo
745:White House
566:Uncertainty
291:Telekinesis
241:Psychometry
121:Conjuration
5500:Mediumship
5479:Categories
5315:Mediumship
5233:Polynesian
5174:California
5126:Caribbean
5058:Vietnamese
4776:Amy Tanner
4631:Carl Hertz
4369:Bert Reese
4284:Cecil Husk
4234:Rita Goold
4018:Mediumship
3819:Last rites
3789:Extinction
3759:Death pose
3754:Death poem
3724:Death hoax
3704:Death camp
3697:Psychopomp
3572:Death tech
3427:Necromancy
3405:Paranormal
3387:Underworld
3239:Dissection
3201:Resomation
3196:Promession
3174:Sky burial
3141:Prosection
3126:Maceration
2837:Euthanasia
2755:Karyolysis
2713:Pyroptosis
2693:Paraptosis
2603:Cell death
2437:. (2002).
2414:. (1993).
2391:. (1984).
2375:. (1950).
2333:. (1930).
2319:A. L. Burt
2313:. (1932).
2305:. (1897).
2297:. (1898).
2261:. (1907).
1953:2010-03-27
1913:2010-03-27
1520:References
1481:Rita Goold
1303:; and the
1201:levitating
1197:paranormal
1189:suggestion
1179:Psychology
1161:Christians
1147:automatism
1131:planchette
991:Mediumship
962:planchette
958:paranormal
838:Black Hawk
831:Black Hawk
526:Groupthink
346:Skepticism
281:Stone Tape
186:Mediumship
136:Demonology
91:Bilocation
50:Paranormal
5490:Spiritism
5360:Halloween
5348:Indonesia
5157:locations
5094:locations
5051:locations
5024:locations
5007:locations
4990:locations
4973:locations
4946:locations
4837:ghostlore
4424:Ena Twigg
4239:Jan Guzyk
4219:Colin Fry
4003:Ectoplasm
3974:spiritism
3864:Sacrifice
3859:Predation
3824:Longevity
3614:Taphonomy
3551:Trust law
3506:Death row
3291:Afterlife
3244:Gibbeting
3181:Cremation
3146:Taxidermy
3121:Embalming
2997:Micromort
2943:Mortality
2720:Autolysis
2678:Autophagy
2673:Apoptosis
2160:. Wku.edu
2114:(1975) .
2040:. p. 99.
1437:Magicians
1375:Debunkers
1305:physician
1279:Attendees
1175:18:9–12.
1136:sleepover
942:mentalism
940:or using
846:Fox tribe
801:Lily Dale
772:The term
758:Spiritist
363:Debunking
296:Telepathy
146:Ectoplasm
111:Cold spot
81:Astrology
5464:Category
5217:Colombia
5019:Japanese
4985:Filipino
4514:Skeptics
3918:Category
3888:Thanabot
3839:Necronym
3809:Homicide
3360:Obituary
3348:Mourning
3338:Internet
3281:Cemetery
3156:Disposal
3109:Cryonics
2778:Abortion
2745:Pyknosis
2611:Necrosis
2515:(1923).
2486:(1917).
2464:(1983).
2350:(1935).
2278:(1920).
2243:Archived
2208:(2005).
2185:BBC News
1833:(1997).
1651:Archived
1491:See also
1433:(1920).
1195:. 2003)
1080:atheists
1034:Masonite
873:Catholic
805:New York
733:religion
721:Pericles
531:Hypnosis
438:Hypnosis
166:Forteana
156:Exorcism
42:a series
40:Part of
5485:Séances
5402:Related
5365:Samhain
5251:History
5226:Oceania
5184:Indiana
5152:Mexican
5136:Navajo
5106:Romania
5090:France
5074:English
5012:Bengali
4978:Tibetan
4968:Chinese
4963:Burmese
4933:African
3928:Outline
3876:Suicide
3516:Inquest
3483:Coroner
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