58:
as a solvent. The company claimed to have been unaware of the toxicity of diethylene glycol, despite the existence of published studies describing its dangerous properties. The elixir was released with no safety testing, leading to the deaths of at least one hundred people in fifteen states. The
144:
Then, two months ago, fatality knocked at its door. A new mixture of a new drug (sulfanilamide) with a new solvent (diethylene glycol), which Dr. Massengill's salesmen sold as Elixir
Sulfanilamide-Massengill, was discovered to be killing its
222:
1004:
215:
999:
231:
208:
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713:
703:
693:
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673:
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633:
122:
99:
27:
1009:
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but decided to manufacture drugs rather than practice medicine himself. By 1937, it employed more than two hundred people in
60:
978:
72:
846:
385:
604:
182:
961:
415:
169:
410:
71:
Massengill continued to operate as a family-owned pharmaceutical firm until it was acquired in 1971 by
584:
554:
539:
467:
452:
390:
335:
916:
559:
300:
132:
766:
487:
477:
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330:
270:
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871:
841:
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746:
594:
285:
23:
946:
751:
569:
534:
380:
360:
157:
Wax, P.M. Elixirs, Diluents, and the
Passage of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
906:
881:
831:
826:
806:
756:
689:
679:
549:
524:
432:
427:
395:
325:
295:
47:
8:
931:
896:
886:
811:
796:
519:
514:
255:
245:
183:"GlaxoSmithKline provides update on divestment of non-core over-the-counter (OTC) brands"
856:
669:
639:
589:
355:
340:
76:
31:
836:
801:
290:
55:
564:
502:
482:
437:
422:
365:
911:
821:
816:
457:
405:
375:
87:
80:
35:
741:
447:
156:
34:, including six graduate pharmaceutical chemists. In 2011, it was purchased by
993:
921:
719:
621:
529:
127:
699:
891:
574:
442:
951:
579:
310:
901:
771:
544:
509:
370:
345:
51:
781:
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659:
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320:
26:
founded in 1898 by Samuel Evans
Massengill, who graduated from the
50:
disaster of 1937, described as one of the most consequential mass
936:
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54:
of the 20th century. Elixir sulfanilamide was formulated with
956:
926:
861:
350:
280:
265:
736:
1005:
Defunct pharmaceutical companies of the United States
159:Ann. Intern. Med. March 15, 1995 122(6):456–461.
59:resulting scandal led to the passage of the 1938
991:
1000:Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2011
41:
232:Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
216:
86:On December 20, 2011, Massengill was sold to
38:, now known as Prestige Consumer Healthcare.
1015:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1890
620:
66:
223:
209:
100:List of medicine contamination incidents
992:
117:
115:
28:University of Nashville Medical School
204:
172:, Modern Drug Discovery, January 2004
162:
61:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
46:The company was responsible for the
131:. December 20, 1937. Archived from
112:
16:Defunct pharmaceutical manufacturer
13:
510:Pharmaceutical Product Development
90:for £426 million ($ 660 million).
14:
1026:
979:List of pharmaceutical companies
175:
150:
1:
386:Institute for OneWorld Health
105:
1010:Companies based in Tennessee
605:West Pharmaceutical Services
79:in 1989 and since 2000 into
42:Elixir sulfanilamide scandal
7:
93:
75:, itself later merged into
10:
1031:
411:McNeil Consumer Healthcare
974:
917:Smith, Kline & French
729:
613:
468:Northwest Biotherapeutics
453:Merrimack Pharmaceuticals
238:
170:The ghosts of pharma past
67:Mergers and acquisitions
20:S. E. Massengill Company
123:"Medicine: Post-Mortem"
842:Leiner Health Products
286:Amneal Pharmaceuticals
24:pharmaceutical company
396:Johnson & Johnson
690:Jazz Pharmaceuticals
680:Horizon Therapeutics
550:Sarepta Therapeutics
525:Proteon Therapeutics
520:Procter & Gamble
433:Melinta Therapeutics
326:Bristol Myers Squibb
48:elixir sulfanilamide
897:Repros Therapeutics
812:Forest Laboratories
797:Cutter Laboratories
515:Prasco Laboratories
256:Acorda Therapeutics
246:Abbott Laboratories
185:. December 20, 2011
857:Miles Laboratories
847:Martek Biosciences
670:Endo International
590:Ventria Bioscience
356:Danco Laboratories
77:SmithKline Beecham
32:Bristol, Tennessee
987:
986:
970:
969:
802:DNAPrint Genomics
291:Avax Technologies
56:diethylene glycol
1022:
618:
617:
565:Tec Laboratories
438:Melior Discovery
423:Kinetic Concepts
366:Galena Biopharma
225:
218:
211:
202:
201:
195:
194:
192:
190:
179:
173:
168:Mark S. Lesney,
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135:on April 3, 2009
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1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1019:
990:
989:
988:
983:
966:
912:Schering-Plough
822:ImClone Systems
725:
609:
458:Myriad Genetics
448:Merck & Co.
406:Janssen Biotech
376:Gilead Sciences
234:
229:
199:
198:
188:
186:
181:
180:
176:
167:
163:
155:
151:
138:
136:
121:
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113:
108:
96:
88:Prestige Brands
81:GlaxoSmithKline
69:
44:
36:Prestige Brands
17:
12:
11:
5:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1012:
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1002:
985:
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799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
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769:
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759:
754:
749:
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742:Allergan, Inc.
739:
733:
731:
727:
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724:
723:
722:(Canada, 2010)
717:
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485:
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473:Norwich Pharma
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68:
65:
43:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1027:
1016:
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977:
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973:
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950:
948:
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938:
935:
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928:
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923:
922:Sterling Drug
920:
918:
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905:
903:
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895:
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748:
745:
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740:
738:
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734:
732:
728:
721:
720:Bausch Health
718:
715:
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688:
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681:
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658:
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635:
631:
628:
627:
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623:
622:Tax inversion
619:
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612:
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586:
583:
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561:
558:
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531:
530:Purdue Pharma
528:
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134:
130:
129:
128:Time magazine
124:
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98:
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84:
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78:
74:
64:
62:
57:
53:
49:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
851:
700:Mallinckrodt
585:Upsher-Smith
416:Ortho-McNeil
187:. Retrieved
177:
164:
152:
143:
137:. Retrieved
133:the original
126:
85:
73:Beecham plc.
70:
45:
19:
18:
892:Parke-Davis
575:Trevena Inc
443:Mentholatum
251:AbbVie Inc.
189:February 8,
994:Categories
952:ViroPharma
852:Massengill
580:Ultragenyx
311:Bioverativ
139:2009-07-19
106:References
52:poisonings
902:Qualitest
772:CancerVax
555:Sheffield
545:RespireRx
540:Regeneron
391:Intercept
371:Genentech
361:Eli Lilly
346:CytoSport
336:Ceragenix
782:CoTherix
777:Cephalon
660:Covidien
650:Allergan
640:Alkermes
560:Spectrum
428:McKesson
321:Biovista
301:BioCryst
94:See also
937:Trubion
787:Covance
767:Bradley
716:, 2013)
714:Ireland
710:Perrigo
706:, 2013)
704:Ireland
696:, 2012)
694:Ireland
686:, 2014)
684:Ireland
676:, 2014)
674:Ireland
666:, 2007)
664:Ireland
656:, 2015)
654:Ireland
646:, 2011)
644:Ireland
636:, 2013)
634:Ireland
630:Actavis
600:Viatris
498:Hospira
488:Ovation
483:Organon
478:NovaBay
463:Moderna
401:Ethicon
331:Century
316:Biovest
276:Alnylam
271:Alexion
261:Advaxis
239:Current
962:Zonite
942:Upjohn
877:Nuvelo
872:Nereus
867:Naurex
792:Cubist
762:Biolex
747:Amylin
614:Former
595:Vertex
503:Searle
493:Pfizer
306:Biogen
296:Baxter
22:was a
957:Wyeth
947:Verus
927:Tanox
907:Rib-X
882:Ortho
862:Mylan
817:Genta
752:ARIAD
730:Other
570:Titan
535:Quark
381:Ionis
351:CytRx
341:Combe
281:Amgen
266:Alcon
145:users
832:King
827:ISTA
807:Epix
757:Barr
737:Alza
191:2012
932:TAP
887:OSI
996::
837:KV
142:.
125:.
114:^
83:.
63:.
712:(
702:(
692:(
682:(
672:(
662:(
652:(
642:(
632:(
224:e
217:t
210:v
193:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.