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but his cabinet ministers
Ranganatha Mudaliar and Arogyaswamy Mudaliar supported it. Subbarayan resigned as Chief Minister, but at the same time, he also compelled his ministers to submit their resignations. Fearing the possibility of the formation of a Swarajya Party-Justice Party coalition Government, the Governor stepped in to foster discord amongst the opposition. To obtain the support of the Raja of Panagal, he appointed Krishnan Nair, a leading member of the Justice Party as his Law Member. Led by the Raja of Panagal, the Justice Party switched sides and lent its support to the Subbarayan government. Soon afterward, the Justice Party passed a resolution welcoming the Simon Commission. The Simon Commission visited Madras on 28 February 1928 and 18 February 1929 and was boycotted by the Swarajya Party and the Indian National Congress. However, the Justicites and the Subbarayan Government accorded the commission a warm reception.
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642:. Iyengar was the personal lawyer and a family friend of Muthuramalingam Thevar whom he encouraged to participate in the 1927 Congress session that was held in Madras. Thevar was eventually drawn to the Congress and participated in agitations against the British rule. Iyengar was also close to Swami Suddhananda Bharathi.
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Lawyers do not ask musicians to preside over their deliberations, but it had become a fashion to invite a man who knew nothing about music, like myself, to preside over musical events. As a body of self-respecting men and women, musicians should conduct their affairs without outside interference, and
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One
British CID officer described Iyengar as a "political ideas factory". He was described as frank and generous and having brought a fresh and young look to his political ideas. He was known for making brave and outspoken comments on the Governor or Government officials. A contemporary remarks that
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whose majority was considerably reduced compared to the 1920 elections. The Swaraj Party won 20 seats in the 98 member assembly and was the leading opposition party. More importantly, however, the
Justice Party won just 44 seats in the 1923 elections compared to the 1920 elections when it had won 64
522:
In the
Congress session held at Nagpur in November 1927, decision was made to draw up a "Labour Constitution of the future Government of India". Motilal Nehru was elected as the convenor of the Constitution Drafting Committee. On 10 August 1928, the committee submitted its report declaring dominion
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Iyengar presided over the 1920 Madras
Provincial Conference held at Tinnevely and participated in the Congress sessions held at Ahmedabad(1921), Gaya(1922), Kakinada(1923), Delhi(1923), Belgaum(1924), Kanpur(1925), Gauhati(1926), Madras (1927), Calcutta(1928) and Lahore (1929). His work is believed
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Right from his younger days, Srinivasa
Iyengar displayed an interest, though trivial, in politics. He attended the historically significant 1907 session of the Indian National Congress held at Surat which is remembered for the split between the moderates and the extremists. In 1908, V. Krishnaswamy
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The Simon
Commission was appointed by the British Parliament in 1927 to report on the working of the progress of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms. The Swarajya Party moved a resolution to boycott the commission and this was passed 61 to 50 with 12 remaining neutral. Subbarayan opposed the resolution
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over participating in elections. The breakaway faction later formed the
Swarajya Party. Iyengar served as the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and later, the Madras Province Swarajya Party and was the leader of the party when it refused to form the government in the province despite
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When the
Congress split in 1923 between the Gandhians and those in support of Council entry, Srinivasa Iyengar was in the non-Gandhian camp and founded the Madras Province Swarajya Party. The Madras Province Swarajya Party contested in the elections to the provincial legislature held between 11
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from 1916 to 1920. He also served as a member of the bar council from 1912 to 1920, the law member of Madras
Presidency from 1916 to 1920 and as the president of the madras province Swarajya Party faction of the Indian National Congress from 1923 to 1930. Srinivasa Iyengar was the son-in-law of
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At the 1920 session of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee, E. V. Ramasamy, a leader of the Congress desired to propose a resolution introducing communal representation in education and employment. However, Iyengar who presided over the session refused to permit it reasoning that it would cause
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In 1920, Srinivasa Iyengar resigned as the Advocate-General of Madras and from the Governor's executive council protesting the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre. In February 1921, he also returned his C.I.E in protest. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the
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worked as a junior under Iyengar. Later, he followed Iyengar into the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement. Satyamurthi worked under Iyengar while he was the president of the Swarajya Party. He later referred to Iyengar as his "political mentor".
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and the debate of whether Indians should back the British effort, banking on their goodwill later to deliver independence, or oppose the entry of Indian army into the war without consultation of the Indian people. He died suddenly on 19 May 1941, at his residence in
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passed a motion recommending salary cuts for Government ministers. However, they were defeated by a margin of 41 votes. A no-confidence motion was passed on 23 August 1927, but was defeated 56 to 67 with the support of the Governor and the members nominated by him.
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rising to become Advocate-General in 1916. He also served as a member of the bar council and was nominated as the law member of the Governor's executive council. He resigned his Advocate-General post, his seat in the Governor's executive council and returned his
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In 1912, Iyengar was appointed to the Madras Bar Council and he served from 1912 to 1916. In 1916, he became the Advocate-General of Madras Presidency, the youngest ever to occupy the post. He also served as a member of the Madras Senate from 1912 to 1916.
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in Madras politics. Iyengar tried to bring reforms in Indian society. He worked for the elevation of depressed sections of society and educated underprivileged children on his own expense. He also a fine writer and frequently wrote columns for
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The Swarajya Party won 44 seats in the 1926 elections and emerged as the single largest party in the house. Comparatively, the Justice Party had won just 20 seats. The Raja of Panagal stepped down as Premier. The Governor
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session of the Congress in 1926. Iyengar worked hard to deliver a resolution upholding Hindu-Muslim unity, bringing about a temporary political agreement between the political leaders of the two communities. He published
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who was the founder of the Srinivasa Gandhi Nilayam. Parthasarathy studied law and practised as a lawyer before becoming an entrepreneur. He served as the founder and director of the Industrial Development Commission of
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Iyengar's opinions were as clear cut as his legal arguments. His proficiency in the legal profession was supposedly noticeable right from his early days. In politics, Iyengar was considered to be a champion of the
279:. He retired from politics due to differences with other Congress politicians over the goal of Dominion status. He briefly returned to politics in 1938. On 19 May 1941, Iyengar died in his house in Madras.
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unnecessary communal tension. Periyar criticised Iyengar along with the rest of the Brahmin leadership of the Congress and declared that non-Brahmins can never hope to get justice from the Congress.
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Iyengar is credited with having popularised the Congress at the village level in South India. He was a staunch believer in the concept of "linked leadership". He was responsible for the induction of
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Iyengar was elected President of the Congress Democratic Party with Subhas Chandra Bose as its Secretary. Srinivasa Iyengar, however, announced his retirement from active public life early in 1930.
473:, a leader of the Justice Party, who complained of the dictatorial rule of the Raja and his insensitive, unimaginative policies. Backed by Srinivasa Iyengar and the Swarajists, Reddy introduced a
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Because Subbarayan's regime was appointed and largely controlled by the Governor, it became the target of strong criticism both from the Justicites as well as the Swarajists. In March 1927,
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or complete independence from British rule as its ultimate goal and not dominion status. Srinivasa Iyengar was elected President of the league with Nehru and Bose as its secretaries.
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September 1923 and 10 November 1923. Though, as expected, the performance of the Swarajya Party wasn't by any means remarkable, its presence had a major impact on the fortunes of the
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invited Srinivasa Iyengar as leader of opposition to form the government. However, Srinivasa Iyengar refused. As a result, the Governor set up an independent government under
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In 1911, Bhupendranath Basu introduced the Civil Marriages Bill in the Imperial legislature. This bill was heavily criticised. Iyengar led agitations for the bill. When
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status as the goal of the Congress. The report was presented at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress held between 28 August 1928 and 31 August 1928.
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Besides law, Srinivasa Iyengar's other interest were education, social reform, and politics. Iyengar's 1939 book Mayne's Hindu Law is considered to be a
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Srinivasa Iyengar remains the youngest lawyer from the Madras bar to be made Advocate-General. Srinivasa Iyengar was also the mentor of freedom-fighters
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from 1954 to 1962, is believed to be his greatest find. Srinivasa Iyengar's 1939 book on "Mayne's Hindu laws" is a much-acclaimed and well-read book.
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Srinivasa Iyengar briefly returned to politics in 1938 and supported Subhas Chandra Bose as president of the Congress. However, when Bose formed the
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against the government of the Raja of Panagal on 27 November 1923. The no-confidence motion was, however, defeated by a margin of 65 votes to 44.
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Srinivasa Iyengar was born on 11 September 1874 to Seshadri Iyengar, a prominent landowner of Ramanathapuram district. His parents were orthodox
398:(CIE) in the 1920 New Year Honours. Iyengar also served as the Law member on the executive council of the Governor of Madras from 1916 to 1920.
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winning a majority in the 1926 elections. In later life, he established the Independence of India league and organised protests against the
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416:"as the son-in-law of Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar and in some ways greater than him". However, Iyengar took politics seriously only after the
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634:. Among his early influences were Sir Sankaran Nair and C. Vijayaraghavachariar, two former Congress leaders. He was also an admirer of
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428:. In 1927, Srinivasa Iyengar chaired the reception committee of the 29th session of the Indian National Congress which met in Madras.
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Srinivasa Iyengar was married to the third daughter of Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar. He had a son, S. Parthasarathy, and a daughter,
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and Muthuramalinga Thevar in the Indian National Congress. Iyengar's followers and colleagues called him "Lion of the South".
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When the All-Parties Report (known as the Nehru Report) was published in 1928 outlining a constitution for India in terms of
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was elected for a second term as Premier while Srinivasa Iyengar was elected leader of opposition in the assembly.
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575:. While presiding over a session of the Tyagaraja Bakajana Sabha in 1938, Srinivasa Iyengar spoke:
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Iyengar died at his residence in Madras on 29 May 1941. He was 66 years old at the time.
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820:"Indian National Congress-Past Presidents:S Srinivasa Iyengar, President-Gauhati, 1926"
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and this helped him make a mark for himself. Soon, Iyengar became the right-hand for
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548:, Srinivasa Iyengar organised the Independence League with himself as president and
294:, who later became the president of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee and served as the
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A little later, a few prominent members of the Justice Party broke off to form the
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1831:. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.
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to have given an unparalleled lead to the Congress in Madras for about ten years.
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Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924
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In recognition of his services, Srinivasa Iyengar was appointed Companion of the
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and founded the Prithvi Insurance company. In his later life, he became a Hindu
571:, he described it as a "leaky boat." He was also upset with the outbreak of the
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Iyenger made a brief return to political life in 1939, upon the outbreak of
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of Madras Presidency. He graduated in law and practised as a lawyer in the
2820:
2258:
1664:"One Hundred Tamils of the 20th century: Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Thevar"
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During Iyengar's tenure as leader, the Congress was often criticised by
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444:, in 1927, outlining a federal scheme of government for future India.
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The press and the national movement in South India, Andhra, 1905–1932
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313:. This was because top Congress leaders as Iyengar, Sathyamurthy and
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and projected themselves as "Democrats". The dissidents were led by
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was criticised by extremists after his death, Iyengar defended him.
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Ka Ilakkumi Nārāyaṇan̲; T. Gangadharan; N. Chandrasekar (1999).
724:
722:
720:
213:, was an Indian lawyer, freedom-fighter and politician from the
841:
The Times of India directory and year book, including who's who
595:
153:
1820:
S. Srinivasa Iyengar: the story of a decade in Indian politics
262:. However, in 1923, he broke away along with other leaders as
717:
365:
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of Madras Presidency. Srinivasa Iyengar had his schooling in
226:
renowned lawyer and first Indian Advocate-general of Madras,
47:
Law Member of the Executive Council of the Governor of Madras
534:
formed the Indian Independence League. This league declared
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766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
1285:"Kumaramangalam family's role in development remembered"
1019:
1017:
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and nominated 34 members to the assembly to support it.
1522:
1477:
1598:
1580:
988:
To the gates of liberty: Congress commemoration volume
753:
360:
Srinivasa Iyengar commenced practice as lawyer in the
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1656:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1014:
930:
3037:
Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India
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1700:
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981:
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921:
887:
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852:
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72:Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
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912:
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833:
447:
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1744:
1729:
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1621:
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1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
976:
951:
924:March to freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916–1947
860:. One India One People Foundation. p. 204.
728:
638:(in whose name he endowed a prize) and later of
205:(11 September 1874 – 19 May 1941), also seen as
1777:
1188:
936:
880:
847:
843:. Bennett, Coleman & Co. 1923. p. 813.
406:
375:. During this time, the Indian freedom-fighter
1827:Kadayam Ramachandra Ramabhadra Sastry (1972).
1301:
1277:
830:
2992:Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu
1851:
1618:
1505:
1471:
1194:
1051:
1049:
897:
16:Indian lawyer, freedom-fighter and politician
3027:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
1817:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1553:
1457:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 194.
1429:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 193.
1401:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 192.
1369:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 191.
1341:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 190.
1263:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 189.
1229:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 186.
1119:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 185.
1089:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 184.
1023:
985:
945:
1036:
1034:
1032:
2997:Presidents of the Indian National Congress
1858:
1844:
1761:
1759:
1641:
1528:History of the communist movement in India
1483:History of the communist movement in India
1209:
1203:
1046:
1010:(Supplement). 30 December 1919. p. 5.
822:. Indian National Congress. Archived from
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
364:in 1898. He had an extensive knowledge of
2359:Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha
1765:
1565:
1550:
1061:
2154:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
1802:
1750:
1738:
1723:
1704:
1029:
1000:
891:
324:
1908:Indian National Congress (Organisation)
1888:History of the Indian National Congress
1786:Salem City: An Ethnohistory (1792–1992)
1756:
1163:
1144:
795:
699:Mayne's Treatise on Hindu Law and Usage
401:
2984:
2933:
1822:. Basel Mission Press (Canarag, Ltd.).
1588:"Concerted support for carnatic music"
1452:
1424:
1396:
1364:
1336:
1258:
1224:
1114:
1084:
622:and adopted the name Swami Anvananda.
1839:
1676:
79:Advocate-General of Madras Presidency
2911:Indian National Trade Union Congress
941:. New Era Publications. p. 127.
926:. Lalitha Publications. p. 358.
906:S. Satyamurti, a political biography
435:Srinivasa Iyengar presided over the
1169:
733:. The Scarecrow Press. p. 93.
731:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils
13:
3017:Presidency College, Chennai alumni
1455:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1427:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1399:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1367:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1339:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1261:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1227:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1117:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
1087:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties
237:Srinivasa Iyengar was born in the
14:
3063:
2906:National Students' Union of India
1768:"Political Philosophy of Periyar"
1293:. 17 October 2004. Archived from
344:. His early schooling was in his
230:. Iyengar's followers called him
67:John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland
3032:Advocates General for Tamil Nadu
2966:
2965:
2916:All India Professionals Congress
1869:
1818:K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1939).
1606:"Book Review:On men and matters"
1170:Rao, Narasimha (27 April 2004).
37:Portrait of S. Srinivasa Iyengar
31:
1530:. LeftWord Books. p. 123.
1485:. LeftWord Books. p. 122.
1172:"Go-betweens left in the lurch"
1145:Muthiah, S. (25 October 2004).
994:
508:
355:
250:in 1920 in protest against the
228:Sir Vembaukum Bhashyam Aiyangar
2489:Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya
1811:
1635:"Sri Vaishnavi shrine, Aavadi"
1214:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 16.
775:. APH Publishing. p. 61.
448:Madras Province Swarajya Party
1:
2344:Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar
1796:
1311:. Rajya Sabha. Archived from
562:
320:
305:and other politicians of the
2675:Chembakassery Mathai Stephen
1944:All India Congress Committee
1918:Indian National Congress (I)
1913:Indian National Congress (R)
1788:. Vysya College. p. 93.
990:. G. C. Sondhi. p. 204.
904:Saroja Sundararajan (1983).
677:
407:Indian independence movement
7:
3042:20th-century Indian lawyers
3022:19th-century Indian lawyers
2349:Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur
1826:
1647:
1574:
1559:
1067:
1055:
1040:
922:Saroja Sundarrajan (1989).
771:Sayed Jafar Mahmud (1994).
10:
3068:
3047:Lawyers from British India
2159:Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu
1949:Congress Working Committee
1195:Parthasarathi, R. (1971).
1147:"When the postman knocked"
396:Order of the Indian Empire
342:Presidency College, Madras
200:Seshadri Srinivasa Iyengar
166:Presidency College, Madras
25:Seshadri Srinivasa Iyengar
2963:
2924:
2896:All India Mahila Congress
2883:
2723:
2637:
2630:
2582:
2204:
2184:
2136:
1970:
1957:
1931:
1878:
1677:S. R. (16 October 2001).
952:M. Naeem Qureshi (1999).
729:Vijaya Ramaswamy (2007).
625:
604:
284:U. Muthuramalingam Thevar
258:. He participated in the
252:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
193:
179:
171:
159:
143:
127:
122:
118:
106:
94:
83:
78:
62:
51:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2249:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
2214:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
1867:Indian National Congress
937:K. Subrahmanyam (1984).
710:
686:
584:
530:, Srinivasa Iyengar and
467:United Nationalist Party
426:non-cooperation movement
418:Jallianwala Bagh episode
309:as a party dominated by
296:chief minister of Madras
270:due to differences with
260:non-cooperation movement
256:Indian National Congress
215:Indian National Congress
2731:N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
2394:C. Vijayaraghavachariar
1524:Harkishan Singh Surjeet
1479:Harkishan Singh Surjeet
1309:"Rajya Sabha Who's Who"
1210:Anjaneyulu, D. (1973).
1024:K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar
908:. Satvahan. p. 15.
773:Pillars of Modern India
412:Iyer introduced him to
239:Ramanathapuram district
134:Ramanathapuram district
3012:Tamil Nadu politicians
2941:Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
2494:Purushottam Das Tandon
2364:Ambica Charan Mazumdar
1453:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1425:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1397:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1365:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1337:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1259:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1225:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1115:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
1085:Ralhan, O. P. (2002).
956:. Brill. p. 468.
693:S. Srinivasa Iyengar;
582:
334:Sri Vaishnava Brahmins
329:
2951:Anumula Revanth Reddy
2901:Indian Youth Congress
2776:Kodardas Kalidas Shah
2751:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
2314:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
2299:Surendranath Banerjee
2264:Surendranath Banerjee
1679:"Pilgrim of eternity"
986:G. C. Sondhi (1948).
826:on 28 September 2007.
636:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
577:
328:
2534:Shankar Dayal Sharma
2514:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
2454:Madan Mohan Malaviya
2434:Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari
2429:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
2374:Madan Mohan Malaviya
2329:Madan Mohan Malaviya
2294:Dinshaw Edulji Wacha
2269:Rahimtulla M. Sayani
1829:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
1594:. 13 September 2003.
556:as leading members.
475:no-confidence motion
402:Political activities
385:V. Krishnaswamy Iyer
113:C. P. Ramaswami Iyer
101:P. S. Sivaswami Iyer
2801:Narayan Dutt Tiwari
2786:Kamalapati Tripathi
2781:Uma Shankar Dikshit
2741:Lal Bahadur Shastri
2690:P. V. Narasimha Rao
2655:Lal Bahadur Shastri
2617:P. V. Narasimha Rao
2597:Lal Bahadur Shastri
2554:P. V. Narasimha Rao
2474:Subhas Chandra Bose
2409:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
2354:Bhupendra Nath Bose
2284:Romesh Chunder Dutt
2144:Andaman and Nicobar
1898:Nehru–Gandhi family
1804:Some Madras Leaders
1751:Some Madras Leaders
1739:Some Madras Leaders
1724:Some Madras Leaders
1705:Some Madras Leaders
1297:on 19 January 2005.
1159:on 24 January 2005.
892:Some Madras Leaders
554:Subhas Chandra Bose
532:Subhas Chandra Bose
526:On 30 August 1928,
442:Swaraj Constitution
340:and graduated from
317:were all Brahmins.
2871:Mallikarjun Kharge
2756:Yashwantrao Chavan
2710:Sushilkumar Shinde
2670:Yashwantrao Chavan
2574:Mallikarjun Kharge
2339:Bishan Narayan Dar
2334:William Wedderburn
2289:N. G. Chandavarkar
2234:William Wedderburn
1007:The London Gazette
494:P. Munuswamy Naidu
330:
315:C. Rajagopalachari
217:. Iyengar was the
211:Srinivasa Ayyangar
207:Sreenivasa Iyengar
2979:
2978:
2959:
2958:
2879:
2878:
2811:Shankarrao Chavan
2449:Vallabhbhai Patel
2324:Rash Behari Ghosh
2239:Pherozeshah Mehta
2200:
2199:
2028:Jammu and Kashmir
1983:Arunachal Pradesh
1923:Breakaway parties
1893:Electoral history
1614:. 31 August 2004.
1544:978-81-87496-49-6
1499:978-81-87496-49-6
1464:978-81-7488-865-5
1436:978-81-7488-865-5
1408:978-81-7488-865-5
1376:978-81-7488-865-5
1348:978-81-7488-865-5
1315:on 18 August 2007
1270:978-81-7488-865-5
1236:978-81-7488-865-5
1126:978-81-7488-865-5
1096:978-81-7488-865-5
970:978-90-04-11371-8
874:978-81-7273-318-6
858:The great Indians
789:978-81-7024-586-5
747:978-0-8108-5379-9
580:communal politics
362:Madras High Court
243:Madras High Court
232:Lion of the South
223:Madras Presidency
197:
196:
131:11 September 1874
3059:
2969:
2968:
2931:
2930:
2866:Ghulam Nabi Azad
2851:Abhishek Singhvi
2791:Pranab Mukherjee
2771:Jaisukhlal Hathi
2761:Jaisukhlal Hathi
2705:Pranab Mukherjee
2650:Gulzarilal Nanda
2645:Jawaharlal Nehru
2635:
2634:
2602:Gulzarilal Nanda
2592:Jawaharlal Nehru
2499:Jawaharlal Nehru
2469:Jawaharlal Nehru
2444:Jawaharlal Nehru
2404:Chittaranjan Das
2399:Hakim Ajmal Khan
2319:Dadabhai Naoroji
2279:Anandamohan Bose
2274:C. Sankaran Nair
2254:Dadabhai Naoroji
2224:Badruddin Tyabji
2219:Dadabhai Naoroji
2023:Himachal Pradesh
1968:
1967:
1873:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1807:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1687:. Archived from
1674:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1520:
1503:
1502:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1184:on 23 June 2004.
1180:. Archived from
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:. Archived from
1142:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1011:
998:
992:
991:
983:
974:
973:
949:
943:
942:
934:
928:
927:
919:
910:
909:
901:
895:
889:
878:
877:
854:
845:
844:
837:
828:
827:
816:
793:
792:
768:
751:
750:
726:
706:
573:Second World War
550:Jawaharlal Nehru
528:Jawaharlal Nehru
518:Simon Commission
414:Rash Behari Bose
373:C. Sankaran Nair
277:Simon Commission
268:Chittaranjan Das
219:Advocate-General
184:Attorney-General
150:
123:Personal details
109:
97:
88:
56:
35:
21:
20:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3052:Mylapore clique
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2955:
2926:Chief ministers
2920:
2884:Political wings
2875:
2841:Digvijaya Singh
2806:P. Shiv Shankar
2719:
2626:
2584:Prime ministers
2578:
2524:S. Nijalingappa
2484:J. B. Kripalani
2479:Abul Kalam Azad
2464:Rajendra Prasad
2459:Nellie Sengupta
2414:Abul Kalam Azad
2389:Lala Lajpat Rai
2379:Syed Hasan Imam
2196:
2180:
2132:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1927:
1874:
1864:
1814:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:Louis Anthony.
1764:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1691:on 14 May 2011.
1675:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1521:
1506:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1395:
1384:
1377:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1335:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1257:
1244:
1237:
1223:
1219:
1212:Dr. C. R. Reddy
1208:
1204:
1193:
1189:
1168:
1164:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1083:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1030:
1022:
1015:
999:
995:
984:
977:
950:
946:
935:
931:
920:
913:
902:
898:
890:
881:
856:
855:
848:
839:
838:
831:
818:
817:
796:
769:
754:
727:
718:
713:
689:
680:
648:Mylapore clique
628:
607:
587:
565:
511:
460:Raja of Panagal
450:
409:
404:
358:
323:
254:and joined the
152:
148:
132:
107:
95:
89:
84:
70:
57:
52:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2861:Manmohan Singh
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:P. Chidambaram
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Govind Ballabh
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2622:Manmohan Singh
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Sarojini Naidu
2421:
2419:Mahatma Gandhi
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Lalmohan Ghosh
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:Madhya Pradesh
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Andhra Pradesh
1974:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1776:
1755:
1743:
1728:
1709:
1694:
1669:
1666:. tamilnation.
1652:
1640:
1617:
1597:
1579:
1564:
1549:
1504:
1470:
1463:
1442:
1435:
1414:
1407:
1382:
1375:
1354:
1347:
1326:
1300:
1276:
1269:
1242:
1235:
1217:
1202:
1187:
1162:
1132:
1125:
1102:
1095:
1072:
1060:
1045:
1028:
1013:
993:
975:
944:
929:
911:
896:
879:
846:
829:
794:
752:
715:
714:
712:
709:
708:
707:
703:Higginbotham's
688:
685:
679:
676:
665:Indian Patriot
640:Mahatma Gandhi
627:
624:
606:
603:
586:
583:
564:
561:
510:
507:
449:
446:
408:
405:
403:
400:
377:S. Satyamurthi
357:
354:
322:
319:
272:Mahatma Gandhi
195:
194:
191:
190:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
151:(aged 66)
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
81:
80:
76:
75:
64:
60:
59:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3064:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Rajeev Shukla
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Jairam Ramesh
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Charu Chandra
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:Indira Gandhi
2663:
2661:
2660:Satya Narayan
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Indira Gandhi
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Sitaram Kesri
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Indira Gandhi
2542:
2540:
2539:D. K. Barooah
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Indira Gandhi
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Motilal Nehru
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:Motilal Nehru
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:Daman and Diu
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Uttar Pradesh
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
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2946:Siddaramaiah
2836:A. K. Antony
2826:Anand Sharma
2816:Motilal Vora
2766:M. C. Chagla
2715:Rahul Gandhi
2700:Sonia Gandhi
2695:Sharad Pawar
2680:Rajiv Gandhi
2612:Rajiv Gandhi
2569:Rahul Gandhi
2564:Sonia Gandhi
2549:Rajiv Gandhi
2529:Jagjivan Ram
2504:U. N. Dhebar
2428:
2369:Annie Besant
2309:Henry Cotton
2244:Anandacharlu
1998:Chhattisgarh
1932:Organisation
1828:
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1689:the original
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1317:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1303:
1295:the original
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824:the original
772:
730:
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616:Madras state
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591:World War II
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578:
569:Forward Bloc
566:
558:
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536:purna swaraj
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509:Nehru report
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491:
483:Lord Goschen
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369:Dharmasastra
359:
356:Legal career
331:
303:EV Ramaswamy
300:
288:Sathyamurthy
281:
236:
231:
210:
206:
199:
198:
149:(1941-05-19)
108:Succeeded by
85:
53:
18:
3007:1941 deaths
3002:1874 births
2821:Ahmed Patel
2724:Rajya Sabha
2685:Arjun Singh
2229:George Yule
2176:Lakshadweep
2137:Territorial
2128:West Bengal
2118:Uttarakhand
2053:Maharashtra
1812:Biographies
1002:"No. 31712"
632:masterpiece
471:C. R. Reddy
458:seats. The
147:19 May 1941
96:Preceded by
2986:Categories
2796:V.P. Singh
2519:K. Kamaraj
2206:Presidents
2192:Mumbai RCC
2149:Chandigarh
2103:Tamil Nadu
2083:Puducherry
1797:References
1536:8187496495
1491:8187496495
962:9004113711
866:8172733186
781:8170245869
739:0810853795
701:. Madras:
672:K. Kamaraj
611:Ambujammal
563:Later life
321:Early life
292:K. Kamaraj
180:Profession
172:Occupation
161:Alma mater
2638:Lok Sabha
2108:Telangana
2093:Rajasthan
2063:Meghalaya
2038:Karnataka
2033:Jharkhand
1963:Committee
1961:Congress
1959:Regional
1939:President
1684:The Hindu
1611:The Hindu
1592:The Hindu
1319:4 January
1290:The Hindu
1177:The Hindu
1152:The Hindu
678:Criticism
654:The Hindu
188:Statesman
90:1912–1920
86:In office
58:1916–1920
54:In office
2972:Category
2891:Seva Dal
2073:Nagaland
1650:, Pg 100
1526:(2005).
1481:(2005).
1058:, Pg 102
697:(1939).
544:Dominion
514:See Also
437:Guwahati
311:Brahmins
248:C. I. E.
63:Governor
2934:Current
2631:Leaders
2113:Tripura
2068:Mizoram
2058:Manipur
2018:Haryana
2013:Gujarat
1971:Pradesh
1880:History
1806:. 1922.
1753:, Pg 15
1741:, Pg 14
1726:, Pg 13
1707:, Pg 12
1577:, Pg 65
1562:, Pg 47
1070:, Pg 25
894:, Pg 11
496:of the
338:Madurai
2171:Ladakh
2098:Sikkim
2088:Punjab
2078:Odisha
2043:Kerala
1648:Sastry
1575:Sastry
1560:Sastry
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1093:
1068:Sastry
1056:Sastry
1043:, Pg 5
1041:Sastry
1026:, Pg 5
968:
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737:
626:Legacy
605:Family
596:Madras
546:status
175:Lawyer
154:Madras
2185:Other
2003:Delhi
1993:Bihar
1988:Assam
1771:(PDF)
711:Notes
687:Works
585:Death
366:Hindu
350:Tamil
2259:Webb
1540:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1487:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1321:2009
1265:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1091:ISBN
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870:ISBN
862:ISBN
785:ISBN
777:ISBN
743:ISBN
735:ISBN
663:and
620:monk
552:and
286:and
266:and
209:and
144:Died
128:Born
2008:Goa
221:of
203:CIE
2988::
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69:,
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