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the engine would not warm up. Field modifications attempted to counter the problem, including cutting extra holes in the metal sheeting to provide more air over the engine. On the production lines, the cowling opening was enlarged and then redesigned with vertical shutters to solve both problems. The engine mount also proved weak and reinforcements were added. Early production aircraft had two ammunition drums. One for the loaded canvas cartridge belt, and one to hold the empty belt after the rounds had been fired however dealing with the fabric belt as it came out of the gun was a significant problem and was prone to jamming, and was only solved when
Prideaux disintegrating ammo links were introduced.
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408:, Société d'Etudes Aéronautiques, Régy and Sommer. It was not, however, until February 1917 that the last examples from the initial batch of 268 aircraft was delivered. In early 1917, an improved version of the engine developing 130 kW (180 hp), the Hispano-Suiza 8Ab, was made available. This provided the SPAD VII with better performance, the top speed increasing from 192 to 208 km/h (119 to 129 mph). The new engine gradually became the standard powerplant for the SPAD VII and by April 1917, all newly produced aircraft were equipped with it.
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fairings, or even the entire upper engine cowling, cut out to compensate for the malfunctioning radiators. As a result, most
British-built S.VIIs were used for training, with front line units equipped with French-built models. After some 220 had been produced, British production of the S.VII was halted in favour of comparable British types that were becoming available.
377:, to be abandoned later. Another common design feature of both the "pulpit fighters" and the S.VII - also shared with the S.XIII - was the pushrod aileron control linkage, which used a pair of exposed, 90° bellcranks protruding from the lower wing panels to operate vertical pushrods, going up to forward-projecting aileron control horns.
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aircraft, was removed on aircraft destined for front line units. The bulged engine access panel located under the exhaust pipe on
British models was made of a solid sheet of metal, in place of the louvered panel fitted on French production models. Some British SPADs were also fitted with small spinners on the prop hub.
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construction for the time, consisting of a wooden frame covered with fabric, while the forward part was covered with metal sheeting. A 7.7 mm (.303 in) Vickers machine gun was installed above the engine, synchronized to fire through the propeller arc. The prototype was also fitted with a large
552:
The introduction of the SPAD VII was not enough to change the balance of the air war, but it allowed both pilots and mechanics to familiarize themselves with the new fighter. Many pilots found the SPAD lacked maneuverability, and some even returned to the nimbler
Nieuports. New tactics based on speed
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Other distinguishing features of the
British-built S.VIIs included a gun fairing and a solid cowling access panel. The gun fairing partially covered the gun and extended rearwards, replacing the windshield. This, however, seriously limited pilot vision to the front and, although retained on training
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Numerous experiments were made to improve performance. A Renault V8 110 kW (150 hp) powerplant was tested but required major redesign and the performance was not worthwhile. A supercharged
Hispano-Suiza engine was also tested, but also failed to significantly improve performance. Different
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Early production aircraft suffered from numerous defects which took time to resolve and limited deliveries. While a few SPADs arrived to frontline units as early as August 1916, large numbers only began to appear in the first months of 1917. In hot weather, the engine overheated and in cold weather,
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SPAD test pilot Bequet flew the SPAD V for the first time in April 1916. Flight testing revealed excellent maximum speed (192 km/h (119 mph) and climb rate of 4.5 min to 2,000 m (6,560 ft)). The airframe's sound construction also enabled a good diving performance. In comparison,
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With early problems solved and production shared between several manufacturers, the SPAD VII was finally available in large numbers at the front in early 1917. By mid-1917, some 500 were in front-line service, having largely replaced the
Nieuport. It gained a reputation for being stronger than its
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sesquiplane fighters that equipped a large part of the fighter units couldn't dive as fast because of their lower weight, but which could outclimb the SPADs by a wide margin. The high diving speed promised to give lower skilled Allied pilots the initiative to engage or leave combat against heavier
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had been sufficiently impressed by the performance of the SPAD V prototype to order a batch of 268 aircraft on 10 May 1916. However, teething problems soon appeared and it would be several months before the SPAD VII would serve in significant numbers on the front, the last aircraft of the initial
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It was soon apparent that
British production lines had lower quality standards than their French counterparts, degrading performance and handling. Poor fabric sewing, fragile tailskids and ineffective radiators plagued the British SPADs. Photographic evidence shows that some had the cylinder bank
432:
The first
British-built S.VII was flown and tested in April 1917, and the first aircraft was reported to have performance equal to that of French models. There were however differences between the two. The British were worried about the light armament of the S.VII as most German fighters were now
468:
began as an enlarged S.VII, equipped with a 37 mm cannon. It was a distinct type rather than a variant of the S.VII though. the S.VII can be distinguished from both the S.XII and the later and larger S.XIII by having unraked cabane struts, connecting the top wing to the fuselage, as well as
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Early in the development of the S.VII, the
British RFC and RNAS showed an interest in the new fighter. An initial order for 30 aircraft was made but production difficulties kept the delivery rate very low, with production not even meeting French requirements. As the RFC was encountering stronger
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One of many many common design features between the new SPAD V and the S.A.2 was the use of a single-bay biplane wing with additional struts mounted mid-bay at the point of junction of the flying and landing wires. This design simplified rigging and reduced drag. The fuselage was of the standard
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V8 automobile engine, resulting in a 150-kilogram (330 lb) engine capable of producing 100 kW (140 hp) at 1,400 rpm. Further refinement brought the power to 110 kW (150 hp) by July 1915. Given the engine's potential, French officials ordered called upon aircraft
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in Moscow produced approximately 100 S.VIIs under license in 1917, with engines supplied by France. It would appear the engines were often used and/or of lower quality, and that Dux used lower-grade material in building the airframes. This combination of extra weight and weaker powerplants
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The total number of aircraft produced is uncertain, with sources varying from 3,825 to some 5,600 SPAD S.VIIs built in France, 220 in the United Kingdom and approximately 100 in Russia. French production numbers may include other SPAD models, and/or S.VIIs produced by other contractors.
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Another early user of the SPAD VII was Germany. Several were captured intact and were reportedly used both in combat and for training. Rudolph Windisch of Jasta 66 flew a SPAD VII in combat with German markings although it is not known if any aerial victories were achieved.
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were developed to take advantage of the SPAD's power, and to compensate for its lack of maneuverability. The aircraft's capacity to dive safely up to 400 km/h (250 mph) permitted the pilot to break from combat when the situation demanded it.
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carrying two guns and experiments were made with an extra machine gun on the S.VII. One aircraft was fitted with a Lewis machine gun on the top wing and tested at Martlesham Heath in May 1917, while front line units also made field modifications with
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After the war, surplus SPAD VIIs were used into the late 1920s by numerous countries, including Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Greece, Japan, the Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, the United States and Yugoslavia.
596:
in Mesopotamia also received SPADs. British-built SPADs were generally used in the training units and in the Middle East, while fighting units in France used superior French-built models. The SPAD VII was replaced by the
1464:. Built by Mann Egerton & Co. Ltd in Norwich, England in 1917, it was one of a batch shipped to the United States for use as a trainer. The aircraft was fully restored in 1990 and is 95 percent original.
533:-powered SPAD VII would be able to fight the latest German fighters on better terms. The first aircraft delivered to a frontline unit was S.112 flown by Lt Sauvage of N.65, followed by S.113, assigned to
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wing profiles were tested but were not incorporated in production models. One field modification was applied in Czechoslovakia after the war when the undercarriage struts of one S.VII were faired over.
284:. Like its successors, the S.VII was renowned as a sturdy and rugged aircraft with good diving characteristics. It was also a stable gun platform, although pilots used to the more maneuverable
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in front-line units but remained in use as a trainer aircraft with Aviation Militaire throughout the war, and it remained as the standard pilot certification test aircraft until 1928.
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With the initial teething problems solved, several subcontractors began producing the SPAD VII under license. The subcontractors included the firms Grémont, Janoir, Kellner et Fils,
2226:
Kudlicka, Bohumir (August 2001). "Des avions français en Tchécoslovaquie: les unités de chasse sur Spad" [French Aircraft in Czechoslovakia: The Fighter Units with Spads].
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but these were now being bested by a new generation of German fighters by the second half of 1916 that threatened to give Germany mastery of the skies again. At the same time, the
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Late models were equipped with 130 kW (170 hp) or 150 kW (200 hp) Hispano-Suiza engines. The upgrade produced a top speed of 212 km/h (132 mph).
2243:
Kudlicka, Bohumir (September 2001). "Des avions français en Tchécoslovaquie: les unités de chasse sur Spad" [French Aircraft in Czechoslovakia: Everyone Goes Down!].
2712:
2209:
Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War".
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were equipped with it. As was the case in other air services, pilots accustomed to more maneuverable mounts disliked the new fighter, and again some reverted to the
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In spite of these delays, some aircraft were delivered to frontline units as early as August 1916, complementing the Nieuport fighters. By this date, the
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Allied air services were also equipped with the new fighter. The Royal Flying Corps was the first foreign service to receive the SPAD VII, although only
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657:. The first aircraft were delivered in December 1917. Most were used as advanced trainers to prepare the American pilots for the SPAD XIII.
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SPAD S.A.2 two seater that the S.VII was developed from. The observer sat precariously in a basket, the "pulpit", ahead of the propeller.
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German fighters. If the new fighter was a rugged and stable shooting platform, many pilots regretted its lack of maneuverability.
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Both the S.VII and S.XIII shared the exposed aileron bellcrank as part of its control linkage, with the "pulpit" style A.2 (top)
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441:. The performance penalty was too drastic for the installation to become standard, and most S.VIIs flew with a single Vickers.
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in 19 Squadron in January 1918 – with No. 23 Squadron in April (becoming perhaps the last squadron to use S.VIIs in France).
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two-seat "pulpit fighter", which dispensed with the so-called "pulpit" which carried the observer in front of the propeller.
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An initial production contract was made on 10 May 1916, calling for 268 machines, to be designated SPAD VII C.1 (C.1, from
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Russia received a batch of 43 in spring 1917 which were supplemented by approximately 100 SPAD VII manufactured by the
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1453:. It was one of 100 British made SPADS built in 1917 by Mann Egerton & Co. Ltd. It was fully restored in 1973.
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1380:. It was flown post-World War I by the Czechoslovak Air Force and then the West Bohemia Aero Club until 1930.
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that had powered most Allied fighters until then were proving difficult to scale further, while the heavier
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Unknown – SPAD VII on static display at the Italian Air Force Museum in Bracciano, Lazio. It was flown by
646:, Italy's leading ace, was delighted with the new model, and his personal aircraft is preserved in Italy.
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predecessors. Its principal shortcoming was its one machine gun armament at a time when the opposing
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company, quickly produced a prototype fighter with the new engine. The SPAD V was a version of the
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in French, indicating the aircraft was a fighter, while the 1 indicated it was a single seater).
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When the United States entered the war in 1917, an order for 189 SPAD VIIs was placed for the
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was probably the most famous Belgian pilot to fly the type, most other aces preferring the
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2068:"Airframe Dossier - Societe Pour lAviation et ses Derives (SPAD) S-VII, s/n AS94099 USAAS"
2015:
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were supplied with plans and sample aircraft and to begin production as soon as possible.
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2016:"Airframe Dossier - Societe Pour lAviation et ses Derives (SPAD) S-VIIc1, s/n B9916 RAF"
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opposition over the Front, production of the S.VII was initiated in the United Kingdom.
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2109:, Issue 15, April–July 1981, pp. 58–77. Bromley, Kent: Pilot Press. ISSN 0143-5450
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fighters were equipped with two. The SPAD VII was gradually replaced by the improved
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designers to create a new high-performance fighter around the engine, called the
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of N.3. Guynemer was already credited with 15 victories at the time, but it was
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fighters found it heavy on the controls. It was flown by a number of the famous
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or the Hanriot HD.1, which eventually became the standard Italian fighter.
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were steadily getting more powerful. In this context, it was hoped the new
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2263:(Windsock Datafile 8). Berkhamsted, UK : Albatros Productions, 1996.
2116:(Aircam Aviation Series No. 9). England : Osprey Publications, 1969.
592:) used it on the Western Front. Fighter schools in the United Kingdom and
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174 km/h (108 mph; 94 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
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187 km/h (116 mph; 101 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
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180 km/h (110 mph; 97 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
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2131:(Aircraft in Action No. 93). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron-Signal, 1989.
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Spad VIIs in the United States Air Service and Lafayette Flying Corps
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Avions: Toute l'AĂ©ronautique et son histoire: Tout le monde descende!
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of N.26 who was the first to score an aerial victory on 26 August.
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2292:. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
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517:" episode had been largely replaced by later types such as the
2197:(Osprey Aircraft of the Aces; vol. 39). Oxford: Osprey, 2001.
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975:
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1496:. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. p. 493.
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Italy began using the SPAD VII in March 1917 where nine
2176:
Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945".
1588:
193 km/h (120 mph, 104 kn) at sea level
1567:
90° V-8 liquid-cooled engine, 110 kW (150 hp)
1479:
and restored by the 1st Fighter Wing from 1962 to 1966.
1801:(in Czech). VojenskĂ˝ HistorickĂ˝ Ăšstav. Archived from
1629:
11 minutes 20 seconds to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
1626:
6 minutes 40 seconds to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
1693:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2098:Mach 1, L'encyclopédie de l'Aviation, Volume 8.
1406:scored 16 kills in this aircraft in World War I.
334:, with production to begin as soon as possible.
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2158:Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997).
1492:Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997).
1469:National Museum of the United States Air Force
3048:
2905:
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2338:
2182:, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76.
2157:
2127:Connors, John F. Don Greer and Perry Manley.
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1467:AS 94099 – SPAD VII on static display at the
1456:B9916 – SPAD VIIC.1 on static display at the
1372:11583 – SPAD VIIC.1 on static display at the
506:batch only being delivered in February 1917.
2228:Avions: Toute l'AĂ©ronautique et son histoire
2162:. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press.
1318:
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1416:S.153 – SPAD VII on static display at the
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267:was the first in a series of single-seat
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2290:United States Air Force Museum Guidebook
2278:. London: Friedman/Fairfax Books, 2000.
2242:
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2103:Bruce, J.M. "The First Fighting SPADs".
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2100:Paris: Atlas, 1981, pp. 2173–2187.
1605:400 km (250 mi, 220 nmi)
14:
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2208:
2160:French Aircraft of the First World War
1494:French Aircraft of the First World War
475:
277:Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés
3036:
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2655:
2326:
1351:SPAD S.VII in the Praha-Kbely Airport
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1188:Ukrainian People's Republic Air Fleet
1971:. AOPA Pilot Magazine. February 2018
1545:17.85 m (192.1 sq ft)
1527:6.080 m (19 ft 11 in)
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2046:National Museum of the US Air Force
1533:7.822 m (25 ft 8 in)
1445:B9913 – SPAD VII in storage at the
1294:Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps
579:National Museum of the US Air Force
457:significantly reduced performance.
323:an overhead cam aviation powerplant
146:British-built SPAD S.VII of the RFC
24:
2276:Biplanes, Triplanes, and Seaplanes
568:
25:
3286:
2311:
1647:* 1 Ă— 7.7 mm (.303 in)
1539:2.20 m (7 ft 3 in)
1483:
1275:- Two aircraft - Fighter Squadron
548:SPAD VII at Vadelaincourt in 1917
423:Blériot & SPAD Aircraft Works
317:In February 1915, Swiss designer
3255:Military aircraft of World War I
2681:
1995:San Diego Air & Space Museum
1795:"SPAD S-VIIC.1 - stĂhacĂ letoun"
1458:San Diego Air & Space Museum
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757:
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140:
34:
3275:Single-engined tractor aircraft
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2060:
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2008:
1983:
1961:
1925:
1899:
1799:VojenskĂ˝ HistorickĂ˝ Ăšstav Praha
45:needs additional citations for
2605:Trainers & sports aircraft
2299:. Prague : MARK I, 2004.
2146:. London: Hermes House, 2003.
2144:A Handbook of Fighter Aircraft
1873:
1843:
1817:
1787:
1773:
1734:
1477:Museum of Science and Industry
1299:United States Army Air Service
651:United States Army Air Service
489:An original SPAD S.VII at the
437:commonly associated with the
13:
1:
3250:1910s French fighter aircraft
2195:SPAD SVII Aces of World War 1
1722:
1617:5,500 m (18,000 ft)
1396:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
513:that had ended the infamous "
491:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
3265:Aircraft first flown in 1916
1106:Imperial Russian Air Service
664:
655:American Expeditionary Force
439:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5
427:Mann, Egerton & Co. Ltd.
7:
1857:(in French). Archived from
1654:
1557:705 kg (1,554 lb)
1551:500 kg (1,102 lb)
1475:. It was acquired from the
1181:Ukrainian People's Republic
27:French WW1 fighter aircraft
10:
3291:
2247:(in French) (102): 54–58.
2230:(in French) (101): 52–56.
1145:Royal Aeronautical Service
985:Captured Dutch SPAD S.VII.
951:Corpo Aeronautico Militare
822:- Postwar - 70–80 aircraft
673:Czechoslovakian SPAD S.VII
452:In a similar fashion, the
312:
211:Corpo Aeronautico Militare
3216:
3071:
3004:
2983:
2932:
2746:
2713:Dux No.2 pusher monoplane
2690:
2604:
2538:
2467:
2458:
2361:
2356:and Blériot-SPAD aircraft
1573:2-bladed wooden propeller
1394:on static display at the
748:10me Escadrille de Chasse
706:- Postwar - two aircraft.
681:Ernesto Cabruna SPAD SVII
480:
469:differences in armament.
351:
250:
242:
234:
229:
221:
196:
184:
172:
164:
156:
151:
139:
134:
2824:Nieuport 9, 10 and 10bis
2799:Henry Farman HF.30/30bis
2789:Henry Farman HF.22/22bis
2114:SPAD Scouts SVII - SXIII
2096:Bordes, Gerard. "SPAD."
1940:Virginia Aviation Museum
1727:
1451:Fredericksburg, Virginia
1418:Italian Air Force Museum
1336:Yugoslav Royal Air Force
1190:- Postwar - two aircraft
799:- Postwar - one aircraft
774:- Postwar - 15 aircraft.
734:5me Escadrille de Chasse
728:Aviation Militaire Belge
412:Variants and experiments
340:, chief designer of the
215:Aviation Militaire Belge
3064:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2129:SPAD Fighters in Action
1512:General characteristics
1426:Fulco Ruffo di Calabria
1360:Fulco Ruffo di Calabria
868:- Postwar, one aircraft
845:- Postwar, two aircraft
1855:Musée Air & Espace
1829:Musée Air & Espace
1374:Prague Aviation Museum
1363:
1352:
986:
890:AĂ©ronautique Militaire
682:
674:
581:
549:
498:
369:
361:
308:Design and development
202:AĂ©ronautique Militaire
2769:Maurice Farman MF.VII
2468:Fighters & racers
1666:Deperdussin Monocoque
1462:San Diego, California
1358:
1350:
984:
680:
672:
615:Belgium equipped the
576:
547:
488:
367:
359:
3217:Related designations
3066:fighter designations
3019:aircraft are listed
2764:Maurice Farman MF.IV
2718:Dux 1917 twin pusher
1911:Aeronautica Militare
1907:"SPAD S-VII CABRUNA"
1885:Aeronautica Militare
1740:Sharpe 2000, p. 270.
1400:Paris, ĂŽle-de-France
1061:Portuguese Air Force
896:Lafayette Escadrille
54:improve this article
3008:Built under license
1969:"Shannon's rebirth"
1933:"HISTORIC AIRCRAFT"
1851:"LE SPAD VII S 254"
1660:Related development
1649:Vickers machine gun
1310:103rd Aero Squadron
1254:No. 92 Squadron RFC
1249:No. 72 Squadron RFC
1244:No. 63 Squadron RFC
1239:No. 30 Squadron RFC
1234:No. 23 Squadron RFC
1229:No. 19 Squadron RFC
1224:No. 17 Squadron RFC
904:AĂ©ronautique Navale
772:Brazilian Air Force
704:Argentine Air Force
476:Operational history
292:, such as France's
152:General information
2794:Henry Farman HF.27
2784:Henry Farman HF.20
2779:Henry Farman HF.16
2774:Henry Farman HF.15
2074:. AerialVisuals.ca
2022:. AerialVisuals.ca
1881:"SPAD S-VII RUFFO"
1861:on 13 October 2015
1770:Bruce 1981, p. 62.
1761:Bruce 1981, p. 61.
1752:Bruce 1981, p. 59.
1447:Shannon Air Museum
1424:. It was flown by
1364:
1353:
1343:Surviving aircraft
1305:93rd Aero Squadron
1219:Royal Flying Corps
1083:Romanian Air Corps
987:
927:Hellenic Air Force
843:Estonian Air Force
683:
675:
623:) with the S.VII.
582:
577:SPAD S.VII at the
550:
503:Aviation Militaire
499:
370:
362:
302:Alexander Pentland
280:(SPAD) during the
207:Royal Flying Corps
3237:
3236:
3030:
3029:
3017:Curtiss-Robertson
2887:
2886:
2869:Morane-Saulnier N
2864:Morane-Saulnier L
2859:Morane-Saulnier G
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2274:Sharpe, Michael.
2142:Crosby, Francis.
1621:Time to altitude:
1565:Hispano-Suiza 8Aa
1390:S.254 – SPAD VII
959:Regia Aeronautica
866:Finnish Air Force
797:Chilean Air Force
644:Francesco Baracca
298:Francesco Baracca
261:
260:
235:Introduction date
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3282:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3034:
3033:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2747:Licenced designs
2676:
2669:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2465:
2464:
2371:-1, 2, 3 & 4
2347:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2256:
2239:
2222:
2173:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1942:. Archived from
1937:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1738:
1639:
1615:Service ceiling:
1581:
1514:
1507:
1422:Bracciano, Lazio
1404:Georges Guynemer
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1168:Soviet Air Force
1159:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1038:Polish Air Force
1029:
1027:
1026:
1013:
1011:
1010:
997:
995:
994:
974:
972:
971:
943:Kingdom of Italy
941:
939:
938:
918:
916:
915:
880:
878:
877:
857:
855:
854:
834:
832:
831:
811:
809:
808:
786:
784:
783:
763:
761:
760:
742:Groupe de Chasse
718:
716:
715:
693:
691:
690:
535:Georges Guynemer
495:Georges Guynemer
493:, once flown by
332:Hispano-Suiza 8A
300:and Australia's
294:Georges Guynemer
272:fighter aircraft
144:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3212:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3031:
3026:
3011:Re-manufactured
3000:
2979:
2928:
2918:
2888:
2883:
2742:
2728:Dux twin-engine
2686:
2680:
2650:
2641:
2600:
2534:
2460:
2454:
2357:
2351:
2314:
2295:Velek, Martin,
2259:Rimell, R. L.,
2170:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1805:on 14 June 2012
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1657:
1640:
1635:
1623:
1577:
1510:
1504:
1486:
1433:Ernesto Cabruna
1345:
1321:
1319:
1301:- 189 aircraft
1280:
1278:
1264:
1262:
1214:Royal Air Force
1197:
1195:
1154:
1152:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1113:
1092:
1090:
1069:
1067:
1047:
1045:
1024:
1022:
1008:
1006:
992:
990:
969:
967:
936:
934:
913:
911:
875:
873:
852:
850:
829:
827:
820:Czech Air Force
806:
804:
781:
779:
758:
756:
713:
711:
688:
686:
667:
625:Edmond Thieffry
619:(later renamed
608:under license.
599:Sopwith Dolphin
571:
569:Foreign service
531:Hispano-Suiza 8
483:
478:
414:
354:
338:Louis BĂ©chereau
315:
310:
282:First World War
217:
192:
190:Louis BĂ©chereau
165:National origin
160:Biplane fighter
147:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3288:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Nieuport 24bis
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2733:Bleriot XI Dux
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Dux Meller III
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:External links
2310:
2309:
2308:
2293:
2287:
2272:
2257:
2240:
2223:
2211:Air Enthusiast
2206:
2193:Guttman, Jon.
2191:
2179:Air Enthusiast
2174:
2169:978-1891268090
2168:
2155:
2140:
2125:
2110:
2106:Air Enthusiast
2101:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2072:Aerial Visuals
2059:
2048:. 7 April 2015
2033:
2020:Aerial Visuals
2007:
1982:
1960:
1949:on 12 May 2016
1924:
1898:
1872:
1842:
1816:
1786:
1781:"Red Fighters"
1772:
1763:
1754:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1586:Maximum speed:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1503:978-1891268090
1502:
1485:
1484:Specifications
1482:
1481:
1480:
1465:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1368:
1367:Czech Republic
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1276:
1273:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1208:- 185 aircraft
1206:
1204:United Kingdom
1192:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1127:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1099:Russian Empire
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1019:- Two aircraft
1017:
1004:
1003:- One aircraft
1001:
979:
978:
964:
963:
955:
954:- 214 aircraft
946:
945:
931:
930:
923:
922:
908:
907:
900:
899:
898:
885:
884:
870:
869:
862:
861:
847:
846:
839:
838:
824:
823:
816:
815:
813:Czechoslovakia
801:
800:
793:
792:
790:
776:
775:
768:
767:
753:
752:
751:
750:
738:
737:
736:
723:
722:
708:
707:
700:
699:
697:
666:
663:
621:10e Escadrille
570:
567:
559:Albatros D.III
539:Armand Pinsard
527:inline engines
523:rotary engines
515:Fokker scourge
497:in World War I
482:
479:
477:
474:
413:
410:
353:
350:
314:
311:
309:
306:
265:SPAD S.VII C.1
259:
258:
252:
251:Developed from
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
205:
198:
194:
193:
188:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3287:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:SPAD aircraft
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Skylark SRX-1
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2880:
2879:Tellier 200ch
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Bleriot XIbis
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2738:Dux-Farman IX
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Dux Meller II
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:SPAD aircraft
2360:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2305:80-86637-00-X
2302:
2298:
2297:Spad S.VII C1
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:1-58663-300-7
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:0-948414-12-X
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:(80): 54–59.
2212:
2207:
2204:
2203:1-84176-222-9
2200:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2152:1-84309-444-4
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:0-89747-217-9
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:0-85045-009-8
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2021:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1970:
1964:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1804:
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1392:Vieux Charles
1389:
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1378:Kbely, Prague
1375:
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1108:- 43 aircraft
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617:5e Escadrille
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435:Foster mounts
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327:Hispano-Suiza
325:based on his
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3208:B.Kh.20 (II)
3105:
3096:B.Kh.2 (III)
2964:
2873:
2723:Dux Military
2698:Dux Meller I
2459:Blériot-SPAD
2409:
2404:
2399:
2296:
2289:
2275:
2260:
2244:
2227:
2210:
2194:
2177:
2159:
2143:
2128:
2113:
2112:Bruce, J.M.
2104:
2097:
2091:Bibliography
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1944:the original
1939:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1913:(in Italian)
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1887:(in Italian)
1884:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1854:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1803:the original
1798:
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1473:Dayton, Ohio
1391:
1161:Soviet Union
957:
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629:Hanriot HD.1
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388:
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371:
336:
321:had created
319:Marc Birkigt
316:
275:
274:produced by
264:
262:
243:First flight
222:Number built
201:
174:Manufacturer
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"SPAD S.VII"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3203:B.Kh.20 (I)
3111:B.Kh.3 (II)
3101:B.Kh.2 (IV)
3091:B.Kh.2 (II)
2849:Nieuport 23
2844:Nieuport 21
2839:Nieuport 17
2834:Nieuport 16
2829:Nieuport 11
2754:Nieuport IV
2691:Dux designs
1831:(in French)
1715:Sopwith Pup
1710:Nieuport 23
1705:Fokker D.IV
1687:SPAD S.XIII
1579:Performance
1571:Propellers:
1561:Powerplant:
999:Netherlands
640:Nieuport 27
636:Squadriglia
606:Dux factory
594:30 Squadron
590:23 Squadron
586:19 Squadron
519:Nieuport 17
511:Nieuport 11
501:The French
454:Dux factory
383:Nieuport 17
238:August 1916
110:August 2008
3244:Categories
3106:B.Kh.3 (I)
3086:B.Kh.2 (I)
2975:Standard J
2874:SPAD S.VII
2809:Voisin III
2042:"SPAD VII"
1991:"SPAD VII"
1825:"SPAD VII"
1723:References
1682:SPAD S.XII
1611:2.66 hours
1609:Endurance:
1543:Wing area:
1362:SPAD S.VII
1328:Yugoslavia
1170:- Postwar.
1040:- Post-war
296:, Italy's
135:SPAD S.VII
80:newspapers
3074:(Fighter)
2933:Robertson
2921:Robertson
2814:Voisin IV
2539:Airliners
2261:Spad 7.C1
2253:1243-8650
2236:1243-8650
2219:0143-5450
2188:0143-5450
1677:SPAD S.XI
1531:Wingspan:
1489:Data from
1338:- Postwar
1147:- Postwar
1126:- Postwar
1085:- Postwar
962:- Postwar
929:- Postwar
695:Argentina
665:Operators
563:SPAD XIII
406:de Marçay
391:avion de
3270:Biplanes
2991:Wren 460
2927:aircraft
2819:Voisin V
2804:Voisin L
2685:aircraft
2461:aircraft
1671:SPAD S.A
1655:See also
1637:Armament
1054:Portugal
466:SPAD XII
346:SPAD S.A
286:Nieuport
255:SPAD S.A
246:May 1916
185:Designer
18:SPAD VII
3229:B.KhF.2
3224:B.KhF.1
3198:B.Kh.19
3193:B.Kh.18
3181:B.Kh.17
3176:B.Kh.16
3171:B.Kh.15
3166:B.Kh.14
3161:B.Kh.13
3156:B.Kh.12
3151:B.Kh.11
3146:B.Kh.10
1537:Height:
1525:Length:
1271:Uruguay
1076:Romania
859:Finland
836:Estonia
720:Belgium
653:of the
375:spinner
313:Origins
269:biplane
230:History
94:scholar
3141:B.Kh.9
3136:B.Kh.8
3131:B.Kh.7
3126:B.Kh.6
3121:B.Kh.5
3116:B.Kh.4
3081:B.Kh.1
2960:Oriole
2445:S.XVII
2425:S.XIII
2303:
2282:
2267:
2251:
2234:
2217:
2201:
2186:
2166:
2150:
2135:
2120:
2078:11 May
2052:11 May
2026:11 May
2000:11 May
1975:7 June
1953:11 May
1917:11 May
1891:11 May
1865:11 May
1835:11 May
1809:11 May
1603:Range:
1500:
1385:France
1325:
1284:
1268:
1201:
1158:
1135:
1122:Serbia
1119:
1096:
1073:
1051:
1031:Poland
1028:
1012:
996:
973:
940:
920:Greece
917:
882:France
879:
856:
833:
810:
785:
765:Brazil
762:
717:
692:
481:France
352:Design
168:France
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2965:S.VII
2940:B1-RD
2596:S.126
2591:S.116
2530:S.710
2525:S.510
2440:S.XVI
2430:S.XIV
2420:S.XII
2410:S.VII
1947:(PDF)
1936:(PDF)
1728:Notes
1645:Guns:
1519:Crew:
1411:Italy
976:Japan
788:Chile
395:hasse
225:~6000
101:JSTOR
87:books
3072:B.Kh
3021:here
2984:Wren
2950:DH-4
2945:CG-4
2925:Wren
2923:and
2637:S.72
2632:S.54
2627:S.42
2622:S.34
2617:S.30
2612:S.29
2586:S.86
2581:S.66
2576:S.56
2571:S.50
2566:S.48
2561:S.46
2556:S.45
2551:S.33
2546:S.27
2520:S.91
2515:S.81
2510:S.71
2505:S.70
2500:S.61
2495:S.58
2490:S.51
2485:S.41
2480:S.26
2475:S.20
2450:S.XX
2435:S.XV
2415:S.XI
2354:SPAD
2301:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2265:ISBN
2249:ISSN
2232:ISSN
2215:ISSN
2199:ISBN
2184:ISSN
2164:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2133:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2080:2017
2054:2017
2028:2017
2002:2017
1977:2019
1955:2017
1919:2017
1893:2017
1867:2017
1837:2017
1811:2017
1563:1 Ă—
1498:ISBN
1138:Siam
1015:Peru
588:and
464:The
425:and
381:the
342:SPAD
290:aces
263:The
179:SPAD
157:Type
73:news
2996:O-4
2683:Dux
2405:S.V
2400:S.H
2395:S.G
2390:S.F
2385:S.E
2380:S.D
2375:S.C
2369:S.A
1695:)
1471:in
1460:in
1449:in
1420:in
1398:in
1376:in
56:by
3246::
2955:JN
2070:.
2044:.
2018:.
1993:.
1938:.
1909:.
1883:.
1853:.
1827:.
1797:.
1745:^
1402:.
631:.
304:.
213:-
209:-
3186:K
3056:e
3049:t
3042:v
3023:.
2913:e
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2030:.
2004:.
1979:.
1957:.
1921:.
1895:.
1869:.
1839:.
1813:.
1783:.
1673:.
1521:1
1506:.
1435:.
1428:.
393:c
257:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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