1921:
7225:
2164:
15165:
2454:
5499:
5463:
5451:
441:
5487:
5475:
3708:. Note that changes in borders (1871, 1919, 1920, 1949, 1957 and 1990) varied the number of eligible voters whereas electoral laws also changed the ballot system (only constituencies until 1912, only party lists until 1949 and a mixed system thereafter), the suffrage (women vote since 1919; minimum active voting age was 25 till 1918, 20 till 1946, 21 till 1972 and 18 since), the number of seats (fixed or flexible) and the length of the legislative period (three or four years). The list begins after the SPD was formed in 1875, when labour parties unified to form the SPD (then SAPD, current name since 1890).
7249:
11509:
7119:
5425:
3693:
5413:
11574:
7184:
14996:
12993:
11522:
7132:
462:
14905:
11405:
7015:
11535:
7145:
11418:
7028:
11587:
7197:
7237:
14473:
1489:
14820:
14968:
14683:
2038:
5439:
2433:'s drive towards Western integration fiercely; after Schumacher's death, however, it accepted the social market economy and Germany's position in the Western alliance in order to appeal to a broader range of voters. It still remains associated with the economic causes of unionised employees and working class voters. In the 1990s, the left and moderate wings of the party drifted apart, culminating in a secession of a significant number of party members which later joined the socialist party
64:
11496:
7106:
11444:
7054:
15179:
15193:
14947:
1754:
14655:
1393:
14641:
13630:
11600:
7210:
14592:
15109:
14866:
14852:
14753:
14739:
14711:
14431:
11548:
7158:
15221:
15067:
14919:
14515:
11457:
11392:
7067:
7002:
15151:
15137:
15081:
14891:
14725:
14571:
14501:
14487:
14445:
14410:
14396:
11470:
7080:
15207:
15123:
15010:
14982:
14459:
11431:
7041:
15042:
14933:
14806:
14627:
14557:
11561:
7171:
11483:
7093:
15095:
14669:
11379:
6989:
14543:
11645:
14781:
14697:
14529:
1379:
14606:
11659:
1407:
14767:
11356:
11331:
11313:
11298:
11290:
11277:
11258:
11239:
11216:
11192:
11184:
11176:
11150:
11142:
11134:
11099:
11064:
11056:
11048:
11040:
11032:
11003:
10995:
10974:
10955:
10936:
10920:
10901:
10888:
10880:
10872:
10848:
10840:
10808:
10800:
10779:
10771:
10755:
10747:
10699:
10691:
10683:
10675:
10662:
10646:
10630:
10580:
10572:
10564:
10556:
10548:
10540:
10532:
10504:
10483:
10475:
10467:
10459:
10451:
10443:
10435:
10427:
10414:
10406:
10398:
10382:
10348:
10319:
10309:
10301:
10293:
10285:
10264:
10248:
10232:
10219:
10211:
10203:
10195:
10179:
10171:
10150:
10142:
10134:
10126:
10105:
10087:
10071:
10058:
10040:
10024:
10008:
9995:
9987:
9958:
9945:
9937:
9916:
9908:
9900:
9885:
9877:
9854:
9846:
9836:
9820:
9812:
9783:
9770:
9762:
9722:
9688:
9667:
9659:
9646:
9631:
9623:
9615:
9607:
9599:
9591:
9573:
9565:
9557:
9549:
9531:
9510:
9475:
9457:
9436:
9424:
9416:
9373:
9365:
9354:
9343:
9335:
9327:
9302:
9294:
9279:
9258:
9245:
9237:
9229:
9221:
9213:
9205:
9182:
9174:
9166:
9153:
9143:
9135:
9105:
9097:
9084:
9076:
9068:
9055:
9047:
9034:
9024:
9016:
9008:
9000:
8980:
8959:
8951:
8938:
8930:
8917:
8909:
8888:
8873:
8855:
8847:
8839:
8831:
8782:
8774:
8761:
8753:
8745:
8737:
8713:
8705:
8685:
8677:
8669:
8661:
8623:
8613:
8600:
8592:
8553:
8545:
8532:
8524:
8516:
8508:
8500:
8492:
8463:
8426:
8413:
8405:
8389:
8371:
8363:
8350:
8340:
8330:
8320:
8291:
8283:
8239:
8226:
8218:
8202:
8194:
8181:
8173:
8165:
8149:
8136:
8128:
8115:
8088:
8066:
8058:
8042:
8021:
8013:
8005:
7989:
7981:
7957:
7933:
7887:
7874:
7866:
7858:
7842:
7807:
7797:
7789:
7781:
7773:
7760:
7736:
7716:
7665:
7657:
7644:
7615:
7597:
7584:
7566:
7551:
7536:
7523:
7438:
7378:
6431:
6395:
6359:
6287:
6215:
6179:
6143:
6107:
6071:
6035:
5999:
5963:
5927:
5822:
5794:
5766:
5705:
5677:
5644:
5616:
5588:
5387:
5342:
5297:
5255:
5210:
5170:
5130:
5088:
5046:
5004:
4962:
4906:
4866:
4821:
4781:
4730:
4693:
4651:
4614:
4444:
4413:
4382:
4351:
4320:
4270:
4239:
4173:
4142:
4067:
4036:
4005:
3974:
3943:
3912:
3881:
3850:
3819:
3788:
295:
514:
6323:
6251:
5891:
5733:
1634:
party of the centre-left. The SPD led the federal government from 1969 to 1982, 1998 to 2005 and again since 2021. It served as a junior partner to a CDU/CSU led government from 1966 to 1969, 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021. During Scholz's chancellorship, the party has set out principles of a new
2065:
voted against. At the same time, the SPD opposed the pro-West integration of West
Germany because they believed that made a re-unification of Germany impossible. Austria could have become a sovereign neutral state in 1956, but a 1952 Soviet suggestion for Germans to form a neutral state was ignored
1745:
principles, but the party still gained support in elections. In 1890, when the ban was lifted, the party adopted its current name. The SPD was the largest
Marxist party in Europe and consistently the most popular party in German federal elections from 1890 onward, although it was surpassed by other
2232:
as "the vision of a free and fair society in solidarity", which requires "a structure in economy, state and society guaranteeing civil, political, social and economic basic rights for all people living a life without exploitation, suppression and violence, hence in social and human security", the
1821:
representing "a party that strives after the socialist transformation of society by the means of democratic and economic reforms". They emphasise this development as central to understanding 20th-century social democracy, of which the SPD was a major influence. In the
2182:
party in 1875. It underwent a major shift in policies, reflected in the differences between the
Heidelberg Program of 1925 which called for "the transformation of the capitalist system of private ownership of the means of production to social ownership" and the
1905:, when the SPD lost a substantial portion of its support, falling to 22 per cent of votes. After this, the SPD yielded the chancellery to other parties, although it remained part of the government until 1924. Ebert died in 1925 and was succeeded by conservative
2368:, the classical social democrats continue to defend classical left-wing policies and the welfare state. The Keynesian left-wing of the SPD claims that in recent years the welfare state has been curtailed through reform programs such as the Agenda 2010,
2338:
The SPD supports economic regulations to limit potential losses for banks and people. They support a common
European economic and financial policy to prevent speculative bubbles as well as to foster environmentally sustainable
2223:
party representing the interests of the working class and of trade unions. With the 1959 Godesberg
Program, the party evolved from a socialist working-class party to a modern social-democratic party working within
12941:
Maxwell, John Allen. "Social
Democracy in a Divided Germany: Kurt Schumacher and the German Question, 1945–1952." Ph.D. dissertation, West Virginia University, Department of History, Morgantown, West Virginia,
1717:
1838:, of refraining from calling strikes or criticising the government. Internal opposition to the policy grew throughout the war. Anti-war members were expelled in 1916 and 1917, leading to the formation of the
1982:, the SPD was the only one to vote against; most of the communist deputies had been arrested ahead of the vote. The SPD was banned in June. Many members were subsequently imprisoned and killed by the
1729:
1457:
2549:, where the party's percentage of votes dropped to single-digit figures in the 2018 and 2019 elections. In 2021, it significantly increased its vote share in the states of the former east.
1490:
1555:-influenced parties in the world. From the 1890s through the early 20th century, the SPD was Europe's largest Marxist party, and the most popular political party in Germany. During the
2376:
stance of the SPD which were endorsed by centrist social democrats. In reaction to Agenda 2010, an inner-party dissident movement developed, leading to the foundation of the new party
12658:
1778:
12681:
12435:
3618:
2272:
should be strengthened and its output should be distributed fairly. The party sees that economic system as necessary in order to ensure the affluence of the entire population.
13029:
12752:
15886:
15324:
1513:
16243:
12567:
12522:
12449:
15586:
2434:
2377:
3700:
The SPD, at times called SAPD, took part in general elections determining the composition of parliament. For elections up until 1933, the parliament was called the
1920:
16253:
14068:
14352:
2510:
held her constituency, which the SPD gained in 2021) and a number of university towns. A striking example of the general pattern is the traditionally
Catholic
1826:, the SPD won 34.8 per cent of votes and became the largest party in the Reichstag with 110 seats, although it was still excluded from government. Despite the
16001:
12798:
12067:
15246:
16218:
15996:
12635:
1790:
1722:
2472:, where coal mining and steel production were once the main industries, have provided a significant base for the SPD in the 20th century. In the city of
592:
15349:
15251:
13666:
13001:
12854:
3606:
1770:
1758:
1438:
2041:
SPD membership statistics (in thousands) since 1945. Despite heavy losses since 1990, the SPD is still the largest party in
Germany, ahead of the CDU.
1682:, but the party left in 2013 after criticising its acceptance of parties they consider to be violating human rights. The SPD subsequently founded the
16213:
5596:
5568:
5540:
4487:
4473:
1703:
1317:
1312:
14909:
14371:
13022:
12189:
5739:
1762:
1667:
348:
1782:
16208:
15879:
15354:
15319:
14103:
2078:
became chancellor in a coalition with the liberal Free
Democratic Party. His government sought to normalise relations with East Germany and the
16203:
15953:
15627:
15617:
15339:
14012:
13633:
1878:
1839:
1713:
1560:
182:
16228:
15579:
1774:
12650:
12010:
16263:
14951:
5802:
5774:
5746:
5713:
5685:
5657:
5624:
16193:
16034:
15958:
15632:
15046:
13926:
13015:
4455:
392:
343:
12721:
12556:"In der frischen Tradition des Herbstes 1989". Die SDP/SPD in der DDR: Von der Gründung über die Volkskammerarbeit zur deutschen Einheit
12541:
15872:
14345:
14153:
6738:
6195:
6159:
15225:
13876:
12673:
12096:
5650:
5561:
13156:
1914:
16100:
15572:
14631:
6800:
6231:
6492:
5871:
16258:
15922:
15722:
15702:
14063:
12734:
5462:
5450:
1855:
1264:
31:
16238:
15968:
15963:
15917:
15682:
15612:
15000:
14659:
14113:
14022:
13742:
13659:
12831:
11680:
6930:
6375:
5498:
1709:
1431:
1269:
177:
12827:
16132:
15021:
14958:
14338:
14143:
14093:
13947:
13777:
13700:
12608:
12338:
12311:
12254:
12162:
11924:
11890:
11863:
5486:
5474:
4393:
4250:
2558:
2015:
1327:
555:
12571:
12526:
12453:
16142:
16095:
15595:
14972:
14645:
14148:
13675:
12911:
11690:
3623:
2315:
is a main priority. During Scholz's chancellorship, the party has set out principles of a new German defence policy in the
2155:
became the new chancellor in
December 2021, and formed a coalition government with the Green Party and the Free Democrats.
1889:(KPD) and integrate a majority of USPD members as well. The SPD was the largest party during the first 13 years of the new
477:
12873:
16198:
16157:
16090:
15810:
14856:
14771:
13571:
6844:
6298:
2853:
From August until October 2010, senior Bundestag member Joachim Poß served as interim Bundestag leader in the absence of
1294:
5412:
16223:
14831:
14519:
14449:
14400:
14183:
14133:
5424:
4424:
2108:
1843:
1691:
1568:
12383:
16080:
15197:
15155:
15085:
15071:
14729:
14505:
14477:
14296:
14002:
13807:
13724:
13652:
12485:"Schwarz-weiß-rot mit braunen Flecken – Die FDP muß erkennen, daß es rechts von der CDU/CSU nicht viel zu holen gibt"
6899:
6751:
6718:
6339:
6190:
6154:
5943:
4973:
4931:
4880:
4835:
4795:
4755:
4704:
4662:
4625:
4583:
4551:
4362:
2089:
2071:
2019:
1971:
1948:, and unable to negotiate an effective response to the crisis, Müller resigned in 1930. The SPD was sidelined as the
1424:
1257:
12123:
11991:
15777:
15740:
15099:
14743:
13566:
11817:
6705:
6123:
4219:
2212:
2003:
1615:
1322:
1229:
692:
16152:
15864:
513:
15687:
14785:
14561:
14300:
14073:
13959:
13801:
13712:
13612:
12467:
6782:
6585:
6554:
6226:
5979:
5398:
2058:
1686:
and was joined by numerous other parties around the world. Previously, the SPD was a founding member of both the
1537:
14280:
12945:
McAdams, A. James. "Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification." Princeton University Press, 1992 and 1993.
12627:
6474:
5866:
2413:
Prior to World War II, as the main non-revolutionary left-wing party, the Social Democrats fared best among non-
14617:
14575:
14178:
12157:
Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (1999). Contemporary Political Ideologies (2nd ed.). London: Continuum. p. 87.
12101:
6961:
6411:
2397:
2332:
1652:
16248:
16233:
14463:
14308:
14267:
14026:
6912:
6370:
2564:
1959:
854:
277:
15564:
14088:
3704:, except for the one of 1919 which was called the National Assembly and since 1949 the parliament is called
2244:
of the SPD espouses the goal of democratic socialism, which it envisions as a societal arrangement in which
1978:
was appointed chancellor in January 1933. Of the parties present in the Reichstag during the passage of the
904:
15986:
15843:
15787:
15211:
15014:
14361:
12908:
Common Destiny: A Comparative History of the Dutch, French, and German Social Democratic Parties, 1945–1969
6831:
6523:
6267:
5907:
5356:
5311:
5266:
5224:
5184:
5144:
5099:
5057:
5015:
4331:
4300:
4153:
4122:
4047:
4016:
3985:
3954:
3923:
3892:
3861:
3830:
3799:
3768:
3743:
2480:
2464:
Much of the SPD's current-day support comes from large cities, especially northern and western Germany and
2457:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2120:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1823:
1663:
1541:
1274:
722:
420:
336:
303:
35:
13977:
13813:
13736:
2163:
1830:'s agreement to oppose militarism, the SPD supported the German war effort and adopted a policy, known as
15712:
15141:
14757:
13906:
13886:
13856:
6645:
6087:
6051:
5438:
3701:
2022:, it placed second with 29.2 per cent of votes and led the opposition to the CDU government. In its 1959
1591:
523:
246:
11840:
7254:
7248:
16174:
16024:
15912:
15815:
15717:
14923:
14895:
14715:
14687:
14491:
14414:
13556:
6862:
6536:
6303:
6015:
5938:
3207:
2297:
2208:
2171:
1983:
1952:
gained popularity and conservatives dominated the government, assisted by Hindenburg's frequent use of
1886:
1564:
1499:
13517:
15772:
14986:
14582:
14435:
14421:
14173:
14118:
13617:
13597:
13376:
13361:
12035:"SPD will Sozialistischer Internationale den Geldhahn zudrehen und den Mitgliedsbeitrag nicht zahlen"
2978:
2067:
1747:
1611:
1289:
497:
14036:
13512:
6598:
6010:
2187:
of 1959 which aimed to broaden the party's voter base and to move its political position toward the
2066:
by the CDU/CSU–FDP government. After 17 years in opposition, the SPD became the junior partner in a
16127:
16085:
16057:
16006:
15895:
15697:
15476:
15452:
15169:
14870:
14610:
14533:
13602:
13331:
12146:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942
11948:
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942
11700:
6875:
6334:
5430:
3669:
3227:
2900:
2453:
1929:
1858:. The government introduced a large number of reforms in the following months, introducing various
1794:
1483:
1470:
872:
672:
655:
331:
12771:
12175:
12019:
11964:
16105:
16052:
15838:
15833:
15782:
15767:
15759:
15692:
15534:
14292:
14246:
13965:
13896:
13866:
13783:
13718:
13381:
13107:
6813:
6687:
6262:
6118:
5229:
3247:
3127:
3034:
2854:
2479:
In southern Germany, the SPD typically garners less support except in the largest cities. At the
1995:
1679:
1284:
749:
440:
16137:
16029:
15825:
15745:
15650:
15127:
14904:
14596:
14242:
14128:
14098:
14016:
13994:
13953:
13795:
13706:
13607:
13576:
13500:
13294:
11527:
11521:
11514:
11508:
7137:
7131:
7124:
7118:
6567:
5974:
5394:
5177:
5137:
3513:
3491:
2818:
2572:
2393:
2311:, the party aims at ensuring global peace by balancing global interests with democratic means;
2124:
1999:
1964:, the SPD's paramilitary wing, was frequently involved in violent confrontations with the Nazi
1533:
14032:
12328:
16016:
15677:
15660:
15642:
15261:
14810:
14078:
13534:
13505:
13495:
13488:
12858:
12815:
The Federal Government is also supporting Israel by providing military and medical equipment.
12288:
11880:
3408:
3146:
2426:
2269:
2225:
1525:
1209:
769:
707:
580:
535:
232:
11914:
2468:. As of 2019, 10 of the country's 15 biggest cities are led by SPD mayors. The metropolitan
2348:
The SPD is mostly composed of members belonging to either of the two main wings, namely the
844:
30:"German Social Democratic Party" and "SPD" redirect here. For the defunct Polish party, see
15940:
15286:
14673:
13529:
13524:
13483:
11540:
11534:
7224:
7150:
7144:
6943:
6406:
3535:
2418:
2320:
2312:
2229:
2139:. After a term in opposition, they again served as junior partner to the CDU/CSU after the
2112:
1979:
1898:
1827:
1806:
1687:
1683:
1640:
1595:
1580:
1279:
964:
834:
650:
597:
530:
482:
358:
324:
39:
16115:
13416:
13371:
13270:
13255:
11410:
11404:
7241:
7020:
7014:
3310:
3237:
3007:
2714:
924:
8:
15991:
15805:
15732:
15462:
14591:
14304:
14250:
14230:
14168:
14108:
13758:
13143:
12612:
11705:
3692:
3611:
2534:
2349:
2104:
2062:
1906:
1851:
1833:
1738:
1671:
929:
796:
687:
602:
560:
472:
406:
17:
13250:
13186:
12753:"Scholz: Germany has agreed with its partners that Israel has the right to self-defense"
12269:
The Social Democratic Party of Germany 1848–2005 by Heinrich Potthoff and Susanne Miller
11882:
The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus
6904:
6710:
5104:
3176:
2701:
2365:
2116:
1064:
994:
16062:
15546:
15178:
14284:
14158:
14006:
13971:
13880:
13819:
13730:
13426:
11592:
11586:
7202:
7196:
6627:
6505:
6046:
5902:
3642:
2438:
2385:
2316:
1953:
1810:
1786:
1636:
1362:
1351:
1139:
1134:
1119:
1099:
759:
645:
612:
371:
319:
15552:
15344:
12992:
12586:
5271:
1044:
461:
15707:
15669:
15499:
15108:
14824:
14701:
14254:
14040:
13477:
13351:
13346:
13260:
13230:
13007:
12484:
12334:
12307:
12281:
12250:
12158:
12042:
12034:
11920:
11886:
11859:
6679:
6650:
4936:
4913:
4873:
4828:
4788:
2952:
2939:
2730:
2649:
2515:
2503:
2261:
2253:
2184:
2023:
1870:
1627:
1545:
1214:
1059:
849:
839:
607:
545:
540:
13396:
12510:
The emergence of détente in Europe: Brandt, Kennedy and the formation of Ostpolitik.
3073:
2151:, becoming the biggest party in the federal parliament (Bundestag). Social Democrat
15936:
15894:
15468:
15458:
15329:
15291:
15276:
14288:
13386:
13356:
13326:
13245:
13240:
13220:
13085:
12917:
12722:"Hamburg Programme. Principal guidelines of the Social Democratic Party of Germany"
11664:
6836:
6743:
6658:
6082:
5062:
5020:
4588:
3518:
3496:
3430:
3359:
3107:
3047:
2965:
2887:
2688:
2675:
2623:
2580:
2523:
2514:, where the Social Democrats generally gain a low percentage of votes, whereas the
2373:
2234:
2188:
1945:
1882:
1818:
1678:, it is the third largest party in the group. The SPD was a founding member of the
1603:
1496:
1411:
1383:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1154:
1024:
979:
949:
919:
914:
884:
791:
779:
667:
575:
505:
308:
133:
15517:
15511:
15399:
15374:
15296:
14320:: are currently only in the state parliaments of Bavaria and Rhineland-Palatinate.
13461:
13235:
13095:
12361:
12148:(Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press and Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2004), p. 7.
12124:"Sozialistische Internationale hat ausgedient: SPD gründet "Progressive Alliance""
6935:
2662:
1199:
1019:
82:
15434:
15389:
15364:
15164:
14967:
14163:
13581:
13446:
13366:
13321:
13215:
13138:
13065:
12776:
12433:
Entscheidung für die SED 1946 – ein Verrat an sozialdemokratischen Idealen?, in:
11969:
11854:
Merkel, Wolfgang; Petring, Alexander; Henkes, Christian; Egle, Christoph (2008).
11710:
7236:
6966:
6528:
4556:
3647:
3337:
2994:
2874:
2610:
2430:
2422:
2357:
2216:
2135:. The SPD then became junior partner of a grand coalition with the CDU/CSU until
2054:
1890:
1859:
1847:
1659:
1576:
1572:
1556:
1461:
1397:
1144:
1014:
959:
899:
784:
774:
717:
635:
630:
565:
312:
138:
15334:
14937:
6497:
2049:, the SPD was willing to compromise. Only through its support did the governing
1049:
16162:
15446:
15440:
15428:
15384:
15113:
14819:
14472:
14330:
13870:
13746:
13644:
13540:
13456:
13341:
13336:
13303:
13275:
13181:
12877:
11695:
11650:
11462:
11456:
11391:
7072:
7066:
7001:
6619:
6590:
4840:
3562:
3386:
3257:
3166:
2926:
2913:
2835:
2774:
2473:
2308:
2249:
2241:
2167:
2097:
1966:
1901:
in February. The position of chancellor was held by Social Democrats until the
1529:
1517:
1204:
1159:
1149:
1129:
1089:
1079:
1034:
999:
894:
889:
879:
764:
737:
261:
143:
100:
12965:
Creating German Communism, 1890–1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State
1104:
1069:
16187:
15594:
15416:
15379:
15369:
14123:
14083:
13900:
13451:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13391:
13285:
13280:
12046:
11579:
11573:
7189:
7183:
5316:
3601:
3540:
3315:
3060:
2800:
2787:
2576:
2507:
2293:
2286:
2276:
1867:
1814:
1503:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1219:
1114:
1039:
1004:
984:
974:
816:
727:
712:
128:
123:
14138:
12855:"The SPD's new left-wing leadership could prove just the jolt Germany needs"
12772:"German arms exports to Israel surge as Berlin backs campaign against Hamas"
2111:
was refounded. It merged with the West German party in 1990, shortly before
2037:
16072:
15853:
15848:
15797:
15540:
15505:
15422:
15394:
15266:
15256:
14198:
13910:
13890:
13860:
13844:
13299:
13290:
13225:
13176:
13151:
13090:
12957:
12724:(PDF). Hamburg: Social Democratic Party of Germany. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
11795:
11782:
11769:
11756:
11743:
11730:
11501:
11495:
7111:
7105:
6867:
6774:
6559:
4978:
4667:
3584:
3474:
3469:
3452:
3217:
3156:
3117:
2831:
2813:
2636:
2568:
2541:. The social democrats are weakest in the south-eastern states of Bavaria,
2324:
2301:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2079:
2075:
2027:
2011:
2007:
1991:
1975:
1925:
1863:
1766:
1644:
1619:
1607:
1509:
1224:
1189:
1094:
1084:
1029:
1009:
954:
944:
909:
702:
587:
225:
197:
95:
12828:"Die Europa-Frage(n) | Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD)"
15978:
15493:
15271:
14995:
14682:
14188:
13983:
13836:
13825:
13769:
13421:
13191:
12072:
11916:
The Death of Social Democracy: Political Consequences in the 21st Century
11449:
11443:
7230:
7059:
7053:
5361:
3381:
3267:
3186:
2519:
2499:
2361:
2200:
2152:
1802:
1753:
1521:
1169:
1124:
1109:
1074:
1054:
989:
969:
939:
801:
697:
12892:
Die WASG – Von der Gründung bis zur geplanten Fusion mit der Linkspartei
12304:
The Comintern: a history of international communism from Lenin to Stalin
2583:, each of Germany's states have their own SPD party at the state level.
2579:, who announced her pending resignation on 2 June 2019. As Germany is a
1392:
216:
16147:
16044:
15359:
15314:
15281:
15192:
14946:
14654:
13850:
12922:
German Social Democracy, 1905–1917: The Development of the Great Schism
12176:"Elections to the German Reichstag (1871–1890): A Statistical Overview"
11685:
4463:
3364:
2495:
2084:
1949:
1587:
1179:
934:
806:
754:
682:
677:
241:
12219:
2100:
served as chancellor until 1982, when the SPD returned to opposition.
2026:, the party dropped its commitment to Marxism and sought to appeal to
63:
15932:
15904:
15604:
14640:
14193:
13684:
13265:
12674:"Olaf Scholz: Germany's new chancellor is level-headed and pragmatic"
11673:
11605:
11599:
7215:
7209:
6805:
3705:
3664:
2743:
2546:
2494:
Small town and rural support comes especially from the traditionally
2469:
2353:
2283:
2220:
2093:
1937:
1874:
1742:
1357:
1345:
1164:
859:
742:
732:
662:
640:
378:
12068:"Progressive Alliance: Sozialdemokraten gründen weltweites Netzwerk"
14865:
14851:
14752:
14738:
14710:
14430:
11553:
11547:
7163:
7157:
3557:
3407:
2538:
2414:
2369:
2031:
1631:
550:
15220:
15150:
15136:
15080:
15066:
14918:
14890:
14724:
14570:
14542:
14514:
14500:
14486:
14444:
14409:
14395:
14217:
12542:"Deutscher Bundestag – Das Misstrauensvotum gegen Helmut Schmidt"
11475:
11469:
11423:
11417:
11384:
11378:
7085:
7079:
7033:
7027:
6994:
6988:
5348:
5303:
5216:
4744:
3425:
3332:
2511:
2484:
2257:
2245:
2179:
2050:
2046:
1623:
1552:
811:
570:
12651:"After SPD win in Germany, is Europe's centre left on the rise?"
2360:. While the more moderate Seeheimer Kreis generally support the
1598:; the SPD was subsequently banned, and operated in exile as the
1559:, the party split between a pro-war mainstream and the anti-war
16119:
15206:
15122:
15041:
15009:
14981:
14932:
14805:
14780:
14696:
14626:
14556:
14528:
14458:
12611:[Federal Chancellor and cabinet sworn in] (in German).
11566:
11560:
11436:
11430:
7176:
7170:
7046:
7040:
3579:
3403:
3354:
2542:
2488:
2465:
2002:, the SPD was forcibly merged with the KPD in 1946 to form the
1987:
1933:
1716:, founded in 1869. The two groups merged in 1875 to create the
1630:
of 1959, the SPD dropped its commitment to Marxism, becoming a
1599:
1378:
204:
12954:
Republic to Reich The Making of the Nazi Revolution Ten Essays
12011:"Germany's SPD targets voters' emotions with EU poll campaign"
11816:
The eastern sections of the SPD were forcibly merged into the
11658:
3605:
3517:
3495:
3429:
3358:
2563:
The federal leader is supported by six Deputy Leaders and the
2483:, the party lost its only constituency in the entire state of
2088:. The party achieved its best ever result of 45.8 per cent in
1406:
15183:
15094:
14766:
14668:
14605:
13561:
12799:"Germany stands firmly alongside Israel | Federal Government"
12696:
Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party 1925–1933
11488:
11482:
7098:
7092:
3447:
3336:
2530:
2529:
Further south, the SPD also enjoys solid support in northern
2522:
directly to the north, with its strong traditional streak of
2328:
2092:, one of only three occasions in which it formed the largest
1986:
while others fled the country. The party-in-exile was called
1877:
groups, leading to a permanent split between the SPD and the
1648:
15997:
Schleswig-Holstein Farmers and Farmworkers Democracy (SHBLD)
12735:"German Chancellor Opposed To 'Immediate' Ceasefire In Gaza"
12568:"Election to the 14th German Bundestag on 27 September 1998"
12436:
Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung
3646:
3561:
3385:
1924:
A widely publicized SPD election poster from 1932, with the
1551:
The SPD was established in 1863. It was one of the earliest
12711:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 85.
12424:(Touchstone Edition) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990)
12214:
Dieter Groh, "The 'Unpatriotic Socialists' and the State."
3539:
3314:
2096:
faction. After Brandt's resignation in 1974, his successor
2070:
with the CDU/CSU which lasted from 1966 to 1969. After the
1817:
and Anthony Wright, the SPD became a party of reform, with
1757:
SPD members in Reichstag 1889. Sitting from left to right:
1675:
12929:
The Outlawed Party: Social Democracy in Germany, 1878–1890
12523:"Election to the 7th German Bundestag on 19 November 1972"
3583:
3473:
3451:
2233:
realization of which is emphasized as a "permanent task".
2228:. The SPD's Hamburg Programme, adopted in 2007, describes
14220:; instead, an associated party CSU is participating here.
6374:
6266:
6230:
6122:
2857:, who was recovering from donating a kidney to his wife.
2289:, being against state run deficits and for reducing debt.
2014:, the SPD became one of two major parties, alongside the
12874:"Collectivization remarks split German Social Democrats"
12698:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 131.
12450:"Election to the 1st German Bundestag on 14 August 1949"
3668:
2382:
Arbeit & soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative
2147:. SPD narrowly won against the CDU/CSU in the September
1897:
with 37.9 per cent of votes, and Ebert became the first
1647:
and medical aid to Israel, and denounced the actions of
1622:, the SPD became one of two major parties alongside the
12950:
The Downfall of the Old Social Democratic Party in 1933
11853:
11139:
10837:
10590:
10282:
10005:
9719:
9520:
9255:
9102:
8935:
8779:
8620:
8468:
8309:
8236:
8085:
7938:
7741:
2425:
after World War II, the SPD initially opposed both the
1994:, the re-establishment of the SPD was permitted in the
1940:, and with the slogan "Against Papen, Hitler, Thälmann"
1548:
governments and is a leading partner in seven of them.
16002:
Christian National Peasants' and Farmers' Party (CNBL)
13037:
12720:
Social Democratic Party of Germany (28 October 2007).
11841:"Bilanz für 2023: SPD verliert fast 15.000 Mitglieder"
15954:
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
15628:
Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD)
12709:
Paradoxes of Peace: German Peace Movements since 1945
2378:
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative
2327:
and medical aid to Israel, denouncing the actions of
1970:. The Nazis overtook the SPD as the largest party in
1850:
was designated chancellor and fellow Social Democrat
12097:"Sozialdemokratie: "Progressive Alliance" gegründet"
11950:(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004), p. 7.
11640:
1590:
to power, the SPD was the only party present in the
14229:: are currently not in the state parliament of the
12803:
Website of the Federal Government | Bundesregierung
1708:The Social Democratic Party has its origins in the
1471:[zoˈtsi̯aːldemoˌkʁaːtɪʃəpaʁˌtaɪˈdɔʏtʃlants]
15959:Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD)
15633:Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany (MSPD)
15618:Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
12967:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
12280:
12018:
16244:Members of the Labour and Socialist International
12986:
12287:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp.
11856:Social Democracy in Power: the capacity to reform
4502:
1704:History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
1528:in 2021, the SPD became the leading party of the
454:
16185:
16148:National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)
14372:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
14360:
14216:: does not participate in the state election in
13674:
12190:International Socialist Congress, Stuttgart 1907
11820:prior to the 1946 elections in the eastern zone.
4494:Banned. The Nazi Party was the sole legal party.
4491:
4480:Banned. The Nazi Party was the sole legal party.
4477:
4459:
2476:, the SPD has continuously governed since 1949.
2252:are paramount. According to the party platform,
1668:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
349:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
14279:: is currently not in the state parliaments of
3711:
2421:causes and increased economic equality. Led by
16254:Parties represented in the European Parliament
14266:: is currently not in the state parliament of
12609:"Bundeskanzlerin und Bundeskabinett vereidigt"
12362:"Biografie Hermann Müller (-Franken) (German)"
12301:
11912:
7273:
6622:(President of the Senate and Mayor 1967–1985)
4090:
1840:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
15964:Old Social Democratic Party of Germany (ASPD)
15898:in Germany in the Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
15880:
15580:
14346:
13660:
13023:
13002:History of the German social-democratic party
12409:Germany, 1858–1990: Hope, Terror, and Revival
5831:
4560:
1544:. The SPD is a member of 11 of the 16 German
1432:
14241:: is currently not in state parliaments of
2526:, is one of their strongest constituencies.
1957:
1831:
1567:(KPD). The SPD played a leading role in the
1563:, of which some members went on to form the
275:
230:
214:
195:
16219:Party of European Socialists member parties
12570:. Federal Returning Officer. Archived from
12525:. Federal Returning Officer. Archived from
12452:. Federal Returning Officer. Archived from
11343:
11328:
11310:
11295:
11287:
11274:
11263:
11244:
11236:
11228:
11213:
11202:
11165:
11147:
11115:
11104:
11085:
11074:
11029:
11016:
11008:
11000:
10992:
10984:
10971:
10960:
10941:
10933:
10925:
10906:
10861:
10853:
10821:
10813:
10789:
10760:
10744:
10736:
10720:
10712:
10704:
10688:
10680:
10651:
10635:
10619:
10614:
10606:
10598:
10529:
10516:
10501:
10493:
10472:
10464:
10456:
10448:
10432:
10424:
10411:
10395:
10387:
10379:
10366:
10361:
10353:
10337:
10324:
10274:
10253:
10245:
10237:
10216:
10200:
10192:
10184:
10168:
10155:
10147:
10139:
10123:
10115:
10102:
10094:
10076:
10045:
10037:
10029:
10021:
9976:
9968:
9955:
9950:
9942:
9934:
9926:
9921:
9913:
9882:
9874:
9866:
9825:
9817:
9796:
9788:
9751:
9743:
9735:
9727:
9706:
9698:
9693:
9677:
9672:
9651:
9612:
9580:
9562:
9554:
9546:
9536:
9499:
9491:
9480:
9472:
9462:
9449:
9441:
9421:
9402:
9394:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9359:
9332:
9324:
9314:
9291:
9268:
9263:
9234:
9226:
9202:
9192:
9187:
9179:
9163:
9132:
9115:
9110:
9094:
9081:
9073:
9060:
9044:
9021:
9013:
8997:
8995:
8985:
8977:
8956:
8943:
8914:
8906:
8898:
8893:
8870:
8865:
8852:
8828:
8815:
8802:
8800:
8795:
8787:
8758:
8750:
8742:
8726:
8718:
8682:
8658:
8645:
8635:
8630:
8597:
8589:
8581:
8576:
8568:
8560:
8529:
8489:
8481:
8447:
8439:
8431:
8423:
8410:
8402:
8394:
8381:
8376:
8317:
8301:
8288:
8260:
8252:
8244:
8223:
8207:
8178:
8170:
8154:
8146:
8125:
8112:
8101:
8093:
8063:
8047:
8031:
8018:
8010:
7994:
7978:
7962:
7930:
7914:
7903:
7892:
7884:
7863:
7855:
7847:
7831:
7817:
7804:
7794:
7757:
7733:
7713:
7702:
7691:
7677:
7662:
7649:
7630:
7612:
7594:
7576:
7548:
7533:
7517:
7507:
7499:
7488:
7474:
7463:
7455:
7435:
7424:
7422:
7394:
7383:
7373:
7359:
7292:
3696:Election results and governments since 1949
2848:
2417:workers as well as intellectuals favouring
2356:moderate social democrats belonging to the
1873:, used military force against more radical
16158:National Socialist Freedom Movement (NSFB)
15969:Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD)
15887:
15873:
15613:General German Workers' Association (ADAV)
15587:
15573:
14353:
14339:
13667:
13653:
13030:
13016:
12991:
11906:
2448:
2237:serves as the "principle of our actions".
2174:(2013–2018) and former chairman of the SPD
1735:Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands
1439:
1425:
460:
439:
15918:Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD)
15419:(VP and High Representative of the Union)
12936:German Social Democratic Party, 1914–1921
12865:
12628:"Bundestag reelects Merkel as chancellor"
12539:
2384:, WASG) in 2005, which later merged into
2143:. This arrangement was renewed after the
1846:. On 9 November 1918, leading SPD member
1842:(USPD). The SPD played a key role in the
1741:banned any group that aimed at spreading
1520:, who joined her in December 2021. After
16214:Political parties in the Weimar Republic
16096:Christian Social People's Service (CSVD)
15949:Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
15623:Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
12846:
12671:
12302:McDermott, Kevin; Agnew, Jeremy (1996).
12247:Die deutsche Revolution 1918/19 (German)
3691:
2452:
2162:
2158:
2036:
1919:
1752:
16143:Greater German People's Community (GVG)
12661:from the original on 19 September 2023.
12584:
12244:
12203:Germany and the Approach of War in 1914
11878:
11611:
6448:Best historic results for state parties
2115:. The SPD returned to government under
2006:(SED). The SED was the ruling party of
1928:symbol representing resistance against
1466:Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
1265:International Trade Union Confederation
55:Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands
32:German Social Democratic Party (Poland)
14:
16209:Political parties of the German Empire
16186:
12871:
12852:
12648:
12625:
12306:. Basingstoke: Macmillan. p. 19.
12278:
12094:
11992:"Where German parties stand on Europe"
11962:
11919:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 7.
11872:
11812:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11681:Elections in the Free State of Prussia
11620:Present in legislature (in opposition)
6969:(Deputy Minister-President 1994–1999)
6870:(Deputy Minister-President 2014–2019)
6500:(Deputy Minister-President 1992–1996)
5512:
5103:
4839:
4666:
4587:
3138:
2552:
1512:has been the party's leader since the
1270:International Union of Socialist Youth
256:Association of Social Democratic Women
27:Centre-left political party in Germany
16204:Political parties established in 1875
16081:German National People's Party (DnVp)
15868:
15568:
15455:(VP for Interinstitutional Relations)
14334:
14055:Minor parties (without representation
13648:
13011:
12769:
12638:from the original on 20 October 2023.
12585:Horsley, William (15 November 2005).
11847:
3099:
2559:Leader of the Social Democratic Party
1746:parties in terms of seats won in the
1482:
1469:
16229:Social democratic parties in Germany
16153:German Völkisch Freedom Party (DVFP)
12672:Kinkartz, Sabine (8 December 2021).
12468:"Godesberg Program in English (PDF)"
12422:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
12411:, pp. 153–54 (Oxford U. Press 2001).
12326:
12008:
11958:
11956:
11691:List of political parties in Germany
3094:
2586:
2343:
2264:form the basis of social democracy.
2127:. This government was re-elected in
16264:Social democratic parties in Europe
12960:, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972).
12931:(Princeton University Press, 1966).
12791:
12763:
12684:from the original on 15 March 2024.
12283:Der Fuehrer: Hitler's Rise to Power
11801:
6975:
3687:
3199:
2408:
2323:, it authorized substantial German
2057:law that its coalition partner the
1866:. The SPD government, committed to
1718:Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
1710:General German Workers' Association
1643:, it authorized substantial German
1561:Independent Social Democratic Party
1295:Network of Social Democracy in Asia
24:
16194:Social Democratic Party of Germany
13040:Social Democratic Party of Germany
12938:(Columbia University Press, 1949).
12900:
12853:Cliffe, Jeremy (1 December 2019).
12235:, Beck Verlag Munich, 2000, p. 362
2502:(with previous exceptions such as
2364:programs introduced by Chancellor
1944:As Germany was struck hard by the
1692:Labour and Socialist International
1453:Social Democratic Party of Germany
52:Social Democratic Party of Germany
25:
16275:
16101:Conservative People's Party (KVP)
15816:German Social Reform Party (DSRP)
15713:National-Social Association (NSV)
12978:
12924:(Harvard University Press, 1955).
12649:Henley, Jon (28 September 2021).
12587:"Analysis: German Coalition Deal"
12333:. Psychology Press. p. 226.
11963:Barber, Tony (23 December 2022).
11953:
4575:
3760:
2296:, the Social Democrats stand for
2282:Concurrently, it supports rather
1606:, the SPD was re-established. In
556:Internationalist–defencist schism
15923:Communist Party Opposition (KPO)
15913:Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
15723:Progressive People's Party (FVP)
15703:Free-minded People's Party (FVP)
15219:
15205:
15191:
15177:
15163:
15149:
15135:
15121:
15107:
15093:
15079:
15065:
15040:
15008:
14994:
14980:
14966:
14945:
14931:
14917:
14903:
14889:
14864:
14850:
14818:
14804:
14779:
14765:
14751:
14737:
14723:
14709:
14695:
14681:
14667:
14653:
14639:
14625:
14604:
14590:
14569:
14555:
14541:
14527:
14513:
14499:
14485:
14471:
14457:
14443:
14429:
14408:
14394:
13629:
13628:
13567:German Trade Union Confederation
12972:Red Flag: A History of Communism
12626:Schlee, Maxime (14 March 2018).
11858:. London: Taylor & Francis.
11657:
11643:
11598:
11585:
11572:
11559:
11546:
11533:
11520:
11507:
11494:
11481:
11468:
11455:
11442:
11429:
11416:
11403:
11390:
11377:
11355:
11354:
11330:
11329:
11312:
11311:
11297:
11296:
11289:
11288:
11276:
11275:
11257:
11256:
11238:
11237:
11215:
11214:
11191:
11190:
11183:
11182:
11175:
11174:
11149:
11148:
11141:
11140:
11133:
11132:
11098:
11097:
11063:
11062:
11055:
11054:
11047:
11046:
11039:
11038:
11031:
11030:
11002:
11001:
10994:
10993:
10973:
10972:
10954:
10953:
10935:
10934:
10919:
10918:
10900:
10899:
10887:
10886:
10879:
10878:
10871:
10870:
10847:
10846:
10839:
10838:
10807:
10806:
10799:
10798:
10778:
10777:
10770:
10769:
10754:
10753:
10746:
10745:
10698:
10697:
10690:
10689:
10682:
10681:
10674:
10673:
10661:
10660:
10645:
10644:
10629:
10628:
10579:
10578:
10571:
10570:
10563:
10562:
10555:
10554:
10547:
10546:
10539:
10538:
10531:
10530:
10503:
10502:
10482:
10481:
10474:
10473:
10466:
10465:
10458:
10457:
10450:
10449:
10442:
10441:
10434:
10433:
10426:
10425:
10413:
10412:
10405:
10404:
10397:
10396:
10381:
10380:
10347:
10346:
10318:
10317:
10308:
10307:
10300:
10299:
10292:
10291:
10284:
10283:
10263:
10262:
10247:
10246:
10231:
10230:
10218:
10217:
10210:
10209:
10202:
10201:
10194:
10193:
10178:
10177:
10170:
10169:
10149:
10148:
10141:
10140:
10133:
10132:
10125:
10124:
10104:
10103:
10086:
10085:
10070:
10069:
10057:
10056:
10039:
10038:
10023:
10022:
10007:
10006:
9994:
9993:
9986:
9985:
9957:
9956:
9944:
9943:
9936:
9935:
9915:
9914:
9907:
9906:
9899:
9898:
9884:
9883:
9876:
9875:
9853:
9852:
9845:
9844:
9835:
9834:
9819:
9818:
9811:
9810:
9782:
9781:
9769:
9768:
9761:
9760:
9721:
9720:
9687:
9686:
9666:
9665:
9658:
9657:
9645:
9644:
9630:
9629:
9622:
9621:
9614:
9613:
9606:
9605:
9598:
9597:
9590:
9589:
9572:
9571:
9564:
9563:
9556:
9555:
9548:
9547:
9530:
9529:
9509:
9508:
9474:
9473:
9456:
9455:
9435:
9434:
9423:
9422:
9415:
9414:
9372:
9371:
9364:
9363:
9353:
9352:
9342:
9341:
9334:
9333:
9326:
9325:
9301:
9300:
9293:
9292:
9278:
9277:
9257:
9256:
9244:
9243:
9236:
9235:
9228:
9227:
9220:
9219:
9212:
9211:
9204:
9203:
9181:
9180:
9173:
9172:
9165:
9164:
9152:
9151:
9142:
9141:
9134:
9133:
9104:
9103:
9096:
9095:
9083:
9082:
9075:
9074:
9067:
9066:
9054:
9053:
9046:
9045:
9033:
9032:
9023:
9022:
9015:
9014:
9007:
9006:
8999:
8998:
8979:
8978:
8958:
8957:
8950:
8949:
8937:
8936:
8929:
8928:
8916:
8915:
8908:
8907:
8887:
8886:
8872:
8871:
8854:
8853:
8846:
8845:
8838:
8837:
8830:
8829:
8781:
8780:
8773:
8772:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8751:
8744:
8743:
8736:
8735:
8712:
8711:
8704:
8703:
8684:
8683:
8676:
8675:
8668:
8667:
8660:
8659:
8622:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8599:
8598:
8591:
8590:
8552:
8551:
8544:
8543:
8531:
8530:
8523:
8522:
8515:
8514:
8507:
8506:
8499:
8498:
8491:
8490:
8462:
8461:
8425:
8424:
8412:
8411:
8404:
8403:
8388:
8387:
8370:
8369:
8362:
8361:
8349:
8348:
8339:
8338:
8329:
8328:
8319:
8318:
8290:
8289:
8282:
8281:
8238:
8237:
8225:
8224:
8217:
8216:
8201:
8200:
8193:
8192:
8180:
8179:
8172:
8171:
8164:
8163:
8148:
8147:
8135:
8134:
8127:
8126:
8114:
8113:
8087:
8086:
8065:
8064:
8057:
8056:
8041:
8040:
8020:
8019:
8012:
8011:
8004:
8003:
7988:
7987:
7980:
7979:
7956:
7955:
7932:
7931:
7886:
7885:
7873:
7872:
7865:
7864:
7857:
7856:
7841:
7840:
7806:
7805:
7796:
7795:
7788:
7787:
7780:
7779:
7772:
7771:
7759:
7758:
7735:
7734:
7715:
7714:
7664:
7663:
7656:
7655:
7643:
7642:
7614:
7613:
7596:
7595:
7583:
7582:
7565:
7564:
7550:
7549:
7535:
7534:
7522:
7521:
7437:
7436:
7377:
7376:
7247:
7235:
7223:
7208:
7195:
7182:
7169:
7156:
7143:
7130:
7117:
7104:
7091:
7078:
7065:
7052:
7039:
7026:
7013:
7000:
6987:
6430:
6429:
6394:
6393:
6358:
6357:
6321:
6286:
6285:
6249:
6214:
6213:
6178:
6177:
6142:
6141:
6106:
6105:
6070:
6069:
6034:
6033:
5998:
5997:
5962:
5961:
5926:
5925:
5889:
5821:
5820:
5793:
5792:
5765:
5764:
5731:
5704:
5703:
5676:
5675:
5643:
5642:
5615:
5614:
5587:
5586:
5497:
5485:
5473:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5423:
5411:
5386:
5385:
5341:
5340:
5296:
5295:
5254:
5253:
5209:
5208:
5169:
5168:
5129:
5128:
5087:
5086:
5045:
5044:
5003:
5002:
4961:
4960:
4905:
4904:
4865:
4864:
4820:
4819:
4780:
4779:
4729:
4728:
4692:
4691:
4650:
4649:
4613:
4612:
4443:
4442:
4412:
4411:
4381:
4380:
4350:
4349:
4319:
4318:
4269:
4268:
4238:
4237:
4172:
4171:
4141:
4140:
4066:
4065:
4035:
4034:
4004:
4003:
3973:
3972:
3942:
3941:
3911:
3910:
3880:
3879:
3849:
3848:
3818:
3817:
3787:
3786:
2591:
2213:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
2016:Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
2004:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1714:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1616:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1612:merged with the KPD under duress
1405:
1391:
1377:
512:
294:
293:
62:
15773:German Conservative Party (DkP)
15698:German Free-minded Party (DFsP)
15683:Democratic People's Party (DVP)
12974:", New York: Grove Press, 2009.
12884:
12820:
12745:
12727:
12714:
12701:
12688:
12665:
12642:
12619:
12601:
12578:
12560:
12548:
12540:Jan Eisel (28 September 2012).
12533:
12515:
12502:
12477:
12460:
12442:
12427:
12414:
12401:
12376:
12364:. Bayerische Nationalbibliothek
12354:
12320:
12295:
12272:
12263:
12238:
12225:
12216:Journal of Contemporary History
12208:
12195:
12182:
12168:
12151:
12138:
12116:
12088:
12076:. Hamburg, Germany. 22 May 2013
12060:
11788:
11775:
11762:
11749:
11736:
11723:
11353:
11255:
11189:
11181:
11173:
11131:
11096:
11061:
11053:
11045:
11037:
10952:
10917:
10898:
10885:
10877:
10869:
10845:
10805:
10797:
10776:
10768:
10752:
10696:
10672:
10659:
10643:
10627:
10577:
10569:
10561:
10553:
10545:
10537:
10480:
10440:
10403:
10345:
10316:
10306:
10298:
10290:
10261:
10229:
10208:
10176:
10131:
10084:
10068:
10055:
10013:
9992:
9984:
9905:
9897:
9851:
9843:
9833:
9809:
9780:
9767:
9759:
9685:
9664:
9656:
9643:
9628:
9620:
9604:
9596:
9588:
9570:
9528:
9507:
9454:
9433:
9413:
9370:
9362:
9351:
9348:
9340:
9299:
9276:
9242:
9218:
9210:
9171:
9150:
9140:
9065:
9052:
9031:
9005:
8969:
8948:
8927:
8885:
8844:
8836:
8771:
8734:
8710:
8702:
8674:
8666:
8610:
8550:
8542:
8521:
8513:
8505:
8497:
8460:
8386:
8368:
8360:
8347:
8337:
8327:
8280:
8215:
8199:
8191:
8162:
8133:
8071:
8055:
8039:
8002:
7986:
7954:
7952:
7871:
7839:
7802:
7786:
7778:
7770:
7755:
7670:
7654:
7641:
7581:
7563:
7520:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7375:
7370:
7349:
7323:
7320:
7310:
7282:
7277:
6938:(Minister-President 1988–1993)
6907:(Minister-President 1994–2002)
6839:(Minister-President 1985–1998)
6808:(Minister-President 1994–2013)
6777:(Minister-President 1978–1998)
6713:(Minister-President 1990–1998)
6682:(Minister-President 1950–1969)
6593:(Minister-President 1990–2002)
6531:(Minister-President 1954–1957)
2398:Members of the German Bundestag
1662:stances and is a member of the
593:Reformist–revolutionary dispute
16259:1875 establishments in Germany
16035:Christian People's Party (CVP)
15987:Bavarian Peasants' League (BB)
15844:Bavarian Peasants' League (BB)
12770:Jones, Sam (8 November 2023).
12102:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
12041:(in German). 22 January 2012.
12027:
12002:
11984:
11940:
11833:
11615:indicates best result to date.
6894:with PDS confidence and supply
6322:
6250:
5890:
5732:
3288:
2567:. As of 2021, the leaders are
2498:areas of northern Germany and
1885:which would go on to form the
1844:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1569:German Revolution of 1918–1919
13:
1:
16239:Centre-left parties in Europe
16106:German-Hanoverian Party (DHP)
16053:German Democratic Party (DDP)
16025:Bavarian People's Party (BVP)
15839:German-Hanoverian Party (DHP)
15768:Free Conservative Party (FKP)
13147:(as Reich Minister President)
12095:Sattar, Majid (22 May 2013).
11965:"Year in a word: Zeitenwende"
11827:
11677:(Federal Assembly of Germany)
2403:
2178:The SPD was established as a
1960:Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold
1856:proclaimed Germany a republic
1779:Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz
1635:German defence policy in the
1571:and in the foundation of the
855:Socialism of the 21st century
278:Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold
16138:German Socialist Party (DSP)
16091:People's Justice Party (VRP)
15788:Conservative Party (Prussia)
15778:Christian Social Party (CSP)
15746:Imperial Liberal Party (LRP)
15741:National Liberal Party (NLP)
15688:German People's Party (DtVP)
15598:until the end of World War I
15596:Political parties in Germany
15471:(International Partnerships)
14362:Party of European Socialists
13676:Political parties in Germany
12009:Buck, Tobias (16 May 2019).
6562:(Governing Mayor 1957–1966)
6436:
6410:
6338:
6328:
6302:
6194:
6158:
6086:
6050:
6014:
6004:
5978:
5942:
5906:
5870:
2215:. Under the chairmanship of
1909:. After making gains in the
1750:due to the electoral system.
1664:Party of European Socialists
1532:, which the SPD formed with
1275:Party of European Socialists
723:Negative and positive rights
337:Party of European Socialists
36:Freedom and Direct Democracy
7:
16128:German Workers' Party (DAP)
16058:German People's Party (DVP)
16007:German Farmers' Party (DBP)
15678:German Progress Party (DFP)
14881:Associated parties (non-EU)
14370:European Parliament group:
12473:. German History Documents.
12245:Haffner, Sebastian (2002).
11998:. Politico. 28 August 2017.
11636:
6746:(Minister-President 2017–)
2333:Palestinian militant groups
2195:, the SPD was re-formed in
1801:In the years leading up to
1712:, founded in 1863, and the
1653:Palestinian militant groups
247:Young Socialists in the SPD
34:. For the Czech party, see
10:
16280:
16199:Labour movement in Germany
16175:Weimar paramilitary groups
14089:Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei
14069:Animal Protection Alliance
13557:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
12872:Knight, Ben (2 May 2019).
12694:Brustein, William (1996).
7620:
7607:
7602:
7589:
7571:
7268:
5504:Constituency results, 2021
5492:Constituency results, 1998
5480:Constituency results, 1990
5468:Constituency results, 1972
5456:Constituency results, 1953
5444:Constituency results, 1928
5431:Constituency results, 1919
5418:Constituency results, 1912
5360:
5315:
5270:
5228:
5061:
5019:
4977:
4935:
4555:
3208:Vice Chancellor of Germany
2575:. The previous leader was
2556:
2437:, which later merged into
2298:civil and political rights
2209:Communist Party of Germany
2199:after being banned by the
2172:Vice-Chancellor of Germany
1887:Communist Party of Germany
1737:). From 1878 to 1890, the
1701:
1697:
1565:Communist Party of Germany
1500:political party in Germany
421:Heads of State Governments
29:
16224:Social democratic parties
16171:
16133:German Social Party (DSP)
16114:
16071:
16063:German State Party (DStP)
16043:
16015:
15977:
15931:
15903:
15824:
15811:German Social Party (DSP)
15806:German Reform Party (DRP)
15796:
15758:
15731:
15668:
15659:
15641:
15603:
15527:
15486:
15409:
15305:
15239:
15057:Observer parties (non-EU)
15056:
15031:
14880:
14841:
14795:
14385:
14378:
14368:
14207:
14057:above the district level)
14054:
13993:
13934:
13924:
13835:
13768:
13756:
13682:
13626:
13590:
13549:
13470:
13405:
13312:
13204:
13165:
13127:
13120:
13074:
13054:
13047:
13004:(archived 4 October 2010)
12233:Der lange Weg nach Westen
12144:Christopher R. Browning,
11946:Christopher R. Browning,
11885:. CRC Press. p. 71.
11879:Almeida, Dimitri (2012).
11630:Senior coalition partner
11401:
10002:
8992:
7342:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7308:
7263:
7206:
7193:
7180:
7167:
7154:
7141:
7128:
7115:
7102:
7089:
7076:
7063:
7050:
7037:
7024:
7011:
7009:
6998:
6985:
6982:
5738:
5649:
5560:
4903:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4879:
4727:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4703:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4466:was the sole legal party.
4267:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4170:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4064:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4046:
2862:
2598:
2034:party of the centre-left.
1813:in reality. According to
1506:of contemporary Germany.
1290:Young European Socialists
468:
452:
447:
438:
433:
419:
405:
391:
377:
364:
355:International affiliation
354:
344:European Parliament group
342:
330:
318:
302:
286:
271:
260:
252:
240:
224:
210:
196:
191:
170:
152:
109:
88:
78:
70:
61:
49:
15477:Von der Leyen Commission
14184:Socialist Equality Party
13603:Social-liberal coalition
13550:Affiliated organisations
11716:
11701:Party finance in Germany
11625:Junior coalition partner
6653:(First Mayor 1965–1971)
2849:Leaders in the Bundestag
2396:comprises left-wing SPD
2275:The SPD also supports a
2061:(FDP) and the far-right
1996:Western occupation zones
1930:reactionary conservatism
1893:. It decisively won the
1854:, on his own authority,
1514:2019 leadership election
673:Environmental protection
15783:German Fatherland Party
15535:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
14842:Associated parties (EU)
14796:Member parties (non-EU)
13950:(15/16; not in Bavaria)
13613:Red–red–green coalition
13572:Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund
13382:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
13108:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
12327:Kolb, Eberhard (2005).
12279:Heiden, Konrad (1944).
11913:Ashley Lavelle (2013).
5230:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
3248:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
3128:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
3035:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2855:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2449:Geographic distribution
1680:Socialist International
1285:Socialist International
750:Revolutionary socialism
320:Political position
158:; 149 years ago
16030:Centre Party (Zentrum)
15708:Free-minded Union (FV)
15651:Centre Party (Zentrum)
15431:(Cohesion and Reforms)
15410:European Commissioners
14297:North Rhine-Westphalia
14144:Marxist–Leninist Party
14129:German Communist Party
13925:Represented in the 16
13762:(96 seats for Germany)
13577:Parlamentarische Linke
13295:Norbert Walter-Borjans
12890:Nils Schnelle (2007).
12707:Cooper, Alice Holmes.
12178:. Nohlen & Stöver.
6753:North Rhine-Westphalia
6720:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
6191:North Rhine-Westphalia
6155:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
3697:
3514:North Rhine-Westphalia
3492:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
2819:Norbert Walter-Borjans
2573:Norbert Walter-Borjans
2461:
2394:Parlamentarische Linke
2175:
2042:
2000:Soviet occupation zone
1958:
1941:
1832:
1798:
1734:
1586:After the rise of the
1465:
845:Evolutionary socialism
276:
231:
215:
38:. For other uses, see
16163:Tannenberg Union (TB)
15718:Democratic Union (DV)
15032:Observer parties (EU)
14079:Basic Income Alliance
13121:Chancellor of Germany
12952:pp. 51–105 from
12859:New Statesman America
12188:In, for example, the
3695:
3409:Sascha Karolin Aulepp
3147:Chancellor of Germany
2481:2009 federal election
2458:2021 federal election
2456:
2427:social market economy
2352:social democrats and
2270:social market economy
2226:democratic capitalism
2207:, it merged with the
2166:
2159:Ideology and platform
2149:2021 federal election
2145:2017 federal election
2141:2013 federal election
2121:1998 federal election
2107:in East Germany, the
2072:1969 federal election
2059:Free Democratic Party
2040:
2020:1949 federal election
1923:
1911:1928 federal election
1903:1920 federal election
1895:1919 federal election
1824:1912 federal election
1756:
1542:2021 federal election
1538:Free Democratic Party
1480:German pronunciation:
770:Social market economy
708:Left-wing nationalism
536:Frankfurt Declaration
233:Juso-Hochschulgruppen
16249:Progressive Alliance
16234:Second International
15941:Democratic Socialist
15834:Saxon People's Party
15287:Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
14301:Rhineland-Palatinate
14154:Verjüngungsforschung
13048:President of Germany
12218:1.4 (1966): 151–77.
12023:on 10 December 2022.
6783:Rhineland-Palatinate
6227:Rhineland-Palatinate
4503:Federal parliament (
3536:Rhineland-Palatinate
2313:European integration
2230:democratic socialism
2123:in a coalition with
2113:German reunification
2082:, a policy known as
1980:Enabling Act of 1933
1828:Second International
1688:Second International
1684:Progressive Alliance
1596:Enabling Act of 1933
1594:to vote against the
1581:president of Germany
1579:served as the first
1412:Socialism portal
1384:Economics portal
1280:Progressive Alliance
835:Democratic socialism
531:Age of Enlightenment
359:Progressive Alliance
332:European affiliation
40:SPD (disambiguation)
16086:Economic Party (WP)
15992:Agricultural League
15487:Heads of government
15465:and Climate Action)
15463:European Green Deal
15308:European Parliament
14109:Democracy in Motion
13759:European Parliament
13757:Represented in the
13683:Represented in the
13608:Red–green coalition
13406:General Secretaries
13144:Philipp Scheidemann
12741:. 12 November 2023.
12613:Deutscher Bundestag
12384:"Die Eiserne Front"
12330:The Weimar Republic
11706:Politics of Germany
6450:
5832:State parliaments (
5513:European Parliament
3139:Federal chancellors
2553:Post-war leadership
2516:Reformed Protestant
2211:to form the ruling
2105:Peaceful Revolution
2030:voters, becoming a
2018:. In the inaugural
1990:. After the end of
1907:Paul von Hindenburg
1852:Philipp Scheidemann
1834:Burgfriedenspolitik
1805:, the SPD remained
1739:Anti-Socialist Laws
1672:European Parliament
1502:. It is one of the
1484:[ɛspeːˈdeː]
1398:Politics portal
1140:Liebknecht (father)
797:Structural violence
688:Institutional abuse
603:Revolutions of 1848
473:Politics of Germany
407:European Parliament
15693:Liberal Union (LV)
15547:Michael D. Higgins
15461:(Executive VP for
14309:Schleswig-Holstein
14268:Schleswig-Holstein
14027:Schleswig-Holstein
13427:Klaus Uwe Benneter
12927:Vernon L. Lidtke,
12834:on 29 October 2012
12805:. 22 December 2023
12759:. 10 October 2023.
12574:on 9 October 2015.
12529:on 18 August 2015.
12512:(Routledge, 2007).
12456:on 9 October 2015.
11794:(formerly part of
11781:(formerly part of
11768:(formerly part of
11755:(formerly part of
11742:(formerly part of
11729:(formerly part of
6913:Schleswig-Holstein
6520:SPD–BP–GB/BHE–FDP
6446:
6401:Opposition Leader
6371:Schleswig-Holstein
6221:Opposition Leader
5897:Opposition Leader
3712:Imperial Germany (
3698:
3643:Schleswig-Holstein
3100:Federal presidents
2760:Franz Müntefering
2462:
2419:social progressive
2317:Zeitenwende speech
2176:
2045:Although strongly
2043:
1942:
1917:became chancellor.
1809:in principle, but
1799:
1791:Karl Grillenberger
1787:Wilhelm Liebknecht
1666:and sits with the
1637:Zeitenwende speech
1530:federal government
1363:Types of socialism
1352:The Internationale
760:Social corporatism
613:Welfare capitalism
16181:
16180:
15937:Social Democratic
15896:Political parties
15862:
15861:
15754:
15753:
15562:
15561:
15500:Mette Frederiksen
15235:
15234:
14562:PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ.
14328:
14327:
14281:Baden-Württemberg
14050:
14049:
13927:state parliaments
13920:
13919:
13907:Party of Progress
13642:
13641:
13417:Franz Müntefering
13372:Franz Müntefering
13352:Hans-Ulrich Klose
13347:Hans-Jochen Vogel
13271:Franz Müntefering
13261:Matthias Platzeck
13256:Franz Müntefering
13231:Hans-Jochen Vogel
13200:
13199:
13116:
13115:
12970:David Priestand,
12934:Berlau, Abraham.
12906:Orlow, Dietrich.
12340:978-0-415-34441-8
12313:978-0-333-55284-1
12256:978-3-463-40423-3
12205:(1974) pp. 178–85
12163:978-1-85567-605-3
11926:978-1-4094-9872-8
11892:978-1-136-34039-0
11865:978-0-415-43820-9
11634:
11633:
6973:
6972:
6896:
6680:Georg-August Zinn
6651:Herbert Weichmann
6475:Baden-Württemberg
6441:
6440:
5867:Baden-Württemberg
5843:State parliament
5829:
5828:
5404:
5403:
4937:Hans-Jochen Vogel
4500:
4499:
4284:External support
4195:External support
4179:External support
4091:Weimar Republic (
4088:
4087:
3685:
3684:
3311:Baden-Württemberg
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3238:Franz Müntefering
3195:
3194:
3136:
3135:
3091:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3023:
3008:Franz Müntefering
2983:
2953:Hans-Ulrich Klose
2940:Hans-Jochen Vogel
2844:
2843:
2763:
2731:Matthias Platzeck
2719:
2715:Franz Müntefering
2650:Hans-Jochen Vogel
2506:where CDU leader
2504:Western Pomerania
2344:Internal factions
2262:social solidarity
2254:political freedom
2185:Godesberg Program
2024:Godesberg Program
1883:Spartacist League
1881:, as well as the
1871:liberal democracy
1628:Godesberg Program
1575:. SPD politician
1497:social democratic
1449:
1448:
850:Liberal socialism
840:Ethical socialism
608:Utopian socialism
546:Godesberg Program
541:French Revolution
491:
490:
478:Political parties
393:State parliaments
272:Paramilitary wing
79:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
16271:
16173:Related topics:
15889:
15882:
15875:
15866:
15865:
15733:National liberal
15666:
15665:
15589:
15582:
15575:
15566:
15565:
15469:Jutta Urpilainen
15459:Frans Timmermans
15330:Willi Birkelbach
15292:Sergey Stanishev
15277:Rudolf Scharping
15262:Vítor Constâncio
15252:Robert Pontillon
15247:Wilhelm Dröscher
15228:
15224:
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14508:
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14271:
14258:
14233:
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13995:Regional parties
13932:
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13766:
13765:
13669:
13662:
13655:
13646:
13645:
13636:
13632:
13631:
13591:Related articles
13410:
13387:Thomas Oppermann
13357:Rudolf Scharping
13327:Erich Ollenhauer
13251:Gerhard Schröder
13246:Oskar Lafontaine
13241:Rudolf Scharping
13221:Erich Ollenhauer
13209:
13205:Federal chairmen
13187:Gerhard Schröder
13170:
13166:Federal Republic
13148:
13132:
13125:
13124:
13104:
13086:Gustav Heinemann
13079:
13075:Federal Republic
13059:
13052:
13051:
13041:
13032:
13025:
13018:
13009:
13008:
12998:
12995:
12990:
12989:
12987:Official website
12948:Erich Matthias,
12918:Carl E. Schorske
12895:
12888:
12882:
12881:
12869:
12863:
12862:
12850:
12844:
12843:
12841:
12839:
12830:. Archived from
12824:
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12817:
12812:
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12761:
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12495:
12489:Udo-leuschner.de
12481:
12475:
12474:
12472:
12464:
12458:
12457:
12446:
12440:
12431:
12425:
12420:William Shirer,
12418:
12412:
12407:Kitson, Alison.
12405:
12399:
12398:
12396:
12394:
12380:
12374:
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12206:
12201:V. R. Berghahn,
12199:
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12085:
12083:
12081:
12064:
12058:
12057:
12055:
12053:
12031:
12025:
12024:
12022:
12017:. Archived from
12006:
12000:
11999:
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11667:
11665:Socialism portal
11662:
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6980:
6979:
6976:Results timeline
6951:
6920:
6905:Reinhard Höppner
6892:
6883:
6852:
6837:Oskar Lafontaine
6821:
6790:
6761:
6754:
6744:Manuela Schwesig
6728:
6721:
6711:Gerhard Schröder
6695:
6666:
6635:
6606:
6575:
6544:
6513:
6482:
6451:
6445:
6433:
6432:
6425:
6397:
6396:
6389:
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6360:
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6181:
6180:
6173:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6109:
6108:
6101:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6041:SPD–Greens–Left
6037:
6036:
6029:
6001:
6000:
5993:
5965:
5964:
5957:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5893:
5892:
5885:
5840:
5839:
5824:
5823:
5816:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5768:
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5760:
5735:
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5727:
5707:
5706:
5699:
5679:
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5671:
5646:
5645:
5638:
5618:
5617:
5610:
5590:
5589:
5582:
5554:
5517:
5516:
5501:
5489:
5477:
5465:
5453:
5441:
5427:
5415:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5105:Gerhard Schröder
5090:
5089:
5082:
5063:Rudolf Scharping
5048:
5047:
5040:
5021:Oskar Lafontaine
5006:
5005:
4998:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4926:
4918:
4908:
4907:
4900:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4823:
4822:
4815:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4750:
4739:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4695:
4694:
4687:
4653:
4652:
4645:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4589:Erich Ollenhauer
4572:
4511:
4510:
4495:
4481:
4467:
4446:
4445:
4438:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4384:
4383:
4376:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
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4174:
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4144:
4143:
4136:
4099:
4098:
4084:
4076:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3757:
3720:
3719:
3688:Election results
3681:Left–SPD–Greens
3677:
3655:
3633:
3627:
3615:
3607:Juliane Kleemann
3592:
3570:
3548:
3526:
3519:Thomas Kutschaty
3504:
3497:Manuela Schwesig
3482:
3460:
3438:
3431:Melanie Leonhard
3420:SPD–Greens–Left
3416:
3394:
3372:
3360:Franziska Giffey
3345:
3323:
3293:
3292:
3204:
3203:
3200:Vice chancellors
3177:Gerhard Schröder
3143:
3142:
3108:Gustav Heinemann
3104:
3103:
3095:
3048:Thomas Oppermann
3021:
2981:
2966:Rudolf Scharping
2888:Erich Ollenhauer
2860:
2859:
2761:
2757:
2717:
2702:Gerhard Schröder
2689:Oskar Lafontaine
2676:Rudolf Scharping
2624:Erich Ollenhauer
2596:
2595:
2587:
2581:federal republic
2524:anti-Catholicism
2409:Social structure
2374:economic liberal
2366:Gerhard Schröder
2321:Israel–Hamas war
2268:The coordinated
2235:Social democracy
2219:, the SPD was a
2189:political centre
2131:but defeated in
2117:Gerhard Schröder
1998:in 1945. In the
1963:
1954:emergency powers
1946:Great Depression
1837:
1819:social democracy
1771:Heinrich Meister
1759:Georg Schumacher
1732:
1726:
1641:Israel–Hamas war
1604:Second World War
1494:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1460:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1145:Liebknecht (son)
905:Batlle y Ordóñez
792:Structural abuse
693:Internationalism
668:Environmentalism
516:
506:Social democracy
493:
492:
464:
459:
456:
443:
428:
414:
400:
386:
370:
309:Social democracy
297:
296:
290:
281:
236:
220:
202:
201:
166:
164:
159:
156:27 May 1875
134:Thomas Kutschaty
66:
47:
46:
21:
16279:
16278:
16274:
16273:
16272:
16270:
16269:
16268:
16184:
16183:
16182:
16177:
16167:
16110:
16067:
16039:
16011:
15973:
15927:
15899:
15893:
15863:
15858:
15820:
15792:
15750:
15727:
15655:
15637:
15599:
15593:
15563:
15558:
15553:Zoran Milanović
15523:
15482:
15435:Paolo Gentiloni
15405:
15404:
15390:Gianni Pittella
15365:Jean-Pierre Cot
15345:Georges Spénale
15307:
15306:Leaders in the
15301:
15231:
15218:
15217:
15204:
15203:
15190:
15189:
15176:
15175:
15162:
15161:
15148:
15147:
15134:
15133:
15120:
15119:
15106:
15105:
15100:ESDP/الديمقراطي
15092:
15091:
15078:
15077:
15064:
15063:
15052:
15039:
15038:
15027:
15020:
15007:
15006:
14993:
14992:
14979:
14978:
14965:
14964:
14957:
14944:
14943:
14930:
14929:
14916:
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14902:
14901:
14888:
14887:
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14863:
14862:
14849:
14848:
14837:
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14816:
14803:
14802:
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14778:
14777:
14764:
14763:
14750:
14749:
14736:
14735:
14722:
14721:
14708:
14707:
14694:
14693:
14680:
14679:
14666:
14665:
14652:
14651:
14638:
14637:
14624:
14623:
14616:
14603:
14602:
14589:
14588:
14581:
14568:
14567:
14554:
14553:
14540:
14539:
14526:
14525:
14512:
14511:
14498:
14497:
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14483:
14470:
14469:
14456:
14455:
14442:
14441:
14428:
14427:
14420:
14407:
14406:
14393:
14392:
14374:
14364:
14359:
14329:
14324:
14316:
14313:
14275:
14272:
14262:
14259:
14237:
14234:
14225:
14222:
14212:
14203:
14174:The Republicans
14164:Party of Reason
14056:
14046:
14013:BVB/Free Voters
13989:
13916:
13831:
13761:
13752:
13687:
13678:
13673:
13643:
13638:
13634:
13622:
13618:Kenya coalition
13598:Grand coalition
13586:
13582:Seeheimer Kreis
13545:
13466:
13447:Katarina Barley
13408:
13407:
13401:
13367:Ludwig Stiegler
13322:Kurt Schumacher
13314:
13313:Leaders in the
13308:
13216:Kurt Schumacher
13207:
13206:
13196:
13168:
13167:
13161:
13146:
13139:Friedrich Ebert
13130:
13129:
13128:Weimar Republic
13112:
13098:
13077:
13076:
13070:
13066:Friedrich Ebert
13057:
13056:
13055:Weimar Republic
13043:
13039:
13036:
12996:
12985:
12984:
12981:
12963:Eric D. Weitz,
12903:
12901:Further reading
12898:
12889:
12885:
12870:
12866:
12851:
12847:
12837:
12835:
12826:
12825:
12821:
12808:
12806:
12797:
12796:
12792:
12782:
12780:
12777:Financial Times
12768:
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12751:
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12733:
12732:
12728:
12719:
12715:
12706:
12702:
12693:
12689:
12670:
12666:
12647:
12643:
12632:Politico Europe
12624:
12620:
12607:
12606:
12602:
12592:
12590:
12583:
12579:
12566:
12565:
12561:
12554:Wolfgang Grof:
12553:
12549:
12538:
12534:
12521:
12520:
12516:
12508:Hofmann, Arne.
12507:
12503:
12493:
12491:
12483:
12482:
12478:
12470:
12466:
12465:
12461:
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12432:
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12419:
12415:
12406:
12402:
12392:
12390:
12388:reichsbanner.de
12382:
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12061:
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12033:
12032:
12028:
12015:Financial Times
12007:
12003:
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11975:
11973:
11970:Financial Times
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11767:
11763:
11754:
11750:
11741:
11737:
11728:
11724:
11719:
11711:Weimar Republic
11663:
11656:
11649:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11627:
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3552:SPD–Greens–FDP
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3398:SPD–CDU–Greens
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3363:
3346:
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3338:Natascha Kohnen
3324:
3321:
3291:
3286:
3212:Time in office
3202:
3151:Time in office
3141:
3102:
3092:
2995:Ludwig Stiegler
2875:Kurt Schumacher
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2817:
2755:
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2611:Kurt Schumacher
2594:
2565:party executive
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2431:Konrad Adenauer
2423:Kurt Schumacher
2411:
2406:
2392:) in 2007. The
2372:, and the more
2358:Seeheimer Kreis
2346:
2217:Kurt Schumacher
2161:
2109:East German SPD
2068:grand coalition
2010:until 1989. In
1984:Nazi government
1891:Weimar Republic
1860:civil liberties
1848:Friedrich Ebert
1728:
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1577:Friedrich Ebert
1573:Weimar Republic
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15444:
15443:(Home Affairs)
15441:Ylva Johansson
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13342:Herbert Wehner
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13179:
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13169:(1949–present)
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13157:Hermann Müller
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10488:
10487:
10479:
10471:
10463:
10455:
10447:
10439:
10431:
10423:
10419:
10418:
10410:
10402:
10394:
10386:
10378:
10374:
10373:
10365:
10360:
10352:
10344:
10336:
10332:
10331:
10323:
10315:
10305:
10297:
10289:
10281:
10273:
10269:
10268:
10260:
10252:
10244:
10236:
10228:
10224:
10223:
10215:
10207:
10199:
10191:
10183:
10175:
10167:
10163:
10162:
10154:
10146:
10138:
10130:
10122:
10114:
10110:
10109:
10101:
10093:
10083:
10075:
10067:
10063:
10062:
10053:
10052:
10044:
10036:
10028:
10020:
10012:
10004:
10000:
9999:
9991:
9983:
9975:
9967:
9963:
9962:
9954:
9949:
9941:
9933:
9925:
9920:
9912:
9904:
9896:
9881:
9873:
9865:
9861:
9860:
9850:
9842:
9832:
9824:
9816:
9808:
9804:
9803:
9795:
9787:
9779:
9775:
9774:
9766:
9758:
9750:
9742:
9734:
9726:
9718:
9714:
9713:
9705:
9697:
9692:
9684:
9676:
9671:
9663:
9655:
9650:
9642:
9638:
9637:
9627:
9619:
9611:
9603:
9595:
9587:
9579:
9569:
9561:
9553:
9545:
9541:
9540:
9535:
9527:
9519:
9515:
9514:
9506:
9498:
9490:
9479:
9471:
9467:
9466:
9461:
9453:
9448:
9440:
9432:
9420:
9412:
9401:
9393:
9389:
9388:
9385:
9382:
9379:
9369:
9361:
9358:
9350:
9347:
9339:
9331:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9313:
9298:
9290:
9286:
9285:
9275:
9267:
9262:
9254:
9250:
9249:
9241:
9233:
9225:
9217:
9209:
9201:
9197:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9178:
9170:
9162:
9158:
9157:
9149:
9139:
9131:
9127:
9126:
9114:
9109:
9101:
9093:
9089:
9088:
9080:
9072:
9064:
9059:
9051:
9043:
9039:
9038:
9029:
9028:
9020:
9012:
9004:
8996:
8994:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8976:
8968:
8964:
8963:
8955:
8947:
8942:
8934:
8926:
8922:
8921:
8913:
8905:
8897:
8892:
8884:
8869:
8864:
8860:
8859:
8851:
8843:
8835:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8814:
8810:
8809:
8801:
8799:
8794:
8786:
8778:
8770:
8766:
8765:
8757:
8749:
8741:
8733:
8725:
8717:
8709:
8701:
8697:
8696:
8681:
8673:
8665:
8657:
8653:
8652:
8644:
8640:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8619:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8596:
8588:
8580:
8575:
8567:
8559:
8549:
8541:
8537:
8536:
8528:
8520:
8512:
8504:
8496:
8488:
8480:
8476:
8475:
8467:
8459:
8455:
8454:
8446:
8438:
8430:
8422:
8418:
8417:
8409:
8401:
8393:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8367:
8359:
8355:
8354:
8346:
8336:
8326:
8316:
8308:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8287:
8279:
8275:
8274:
8259:
8251:
8243:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8222:
8214:
8206:
8198:
8190:
8186:
8185:
8177:
8169:
8161:
8153:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8132:
8124:
8120:
8119:
8111:
8100:
8092:
8084:
8080:
8079:
8070:
8062:
8054:
8046:
8038:
8030:
8026:
8025:
8017:
8009:
8001:
7993:
7985:
7977:
7973:
7972:
7961:
7953:
7951:
7937:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7913:
7902:
7891:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7870:
7862:
7854:
7846:
7838:
7830:
7816:
7812:
7811:
7803:
7801:
7793:
7785:
7777:
7769:
7765:
7764:
7756:
7754:
7740:
7732:
7728:
7727:
7712:
7701:
7690:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7661:
7653:
7648:
7640:
7629:
7625:
7624:
7619:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7593:
7588:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7562:
7547:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7498:
7487:
7473:
7462:
7454:
7434:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7393:
7382:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7358:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7309:
7307:
7291:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7244:
7233:
7219:
7218:
7205:
7192:
7179:
7166:
7153:
7140:
7127:
7114:
7101:
7088:
7075:
7062:
7049:
7036:
7023:
7010:
7008:
6997:
6984:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6964:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6933:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6902:
6897:
6888:
6885:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6865:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6849:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6834:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6803:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6787:
6785:
6779:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6741:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6715:
6714:
6708:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6692:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6663:
6661:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6620:Hans Koschnick
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6603:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6591:Manfred Stolpe
6588:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6557:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6541:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6526:
6521:
6518:
6515:
6510:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6495:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6479:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6463:Position/Gov.
6461:
6458:
6457:Seats / Total
6455:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6391:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6355:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6342:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6283:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6229:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6211:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6175:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6139:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6103:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6075:
6067:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6031:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5995:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5959:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5887:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5790:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5762:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5701:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5673:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5612:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5584:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5346:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5301:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5251:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5214:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5174:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5000:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4958:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4870:
4862:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4841:Helmut Schmidt
4838:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4785:
4777:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4741:
4740:
4734:
4726:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4280:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3563:Anke Rehlinger
3560:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3387:Dietmar Woidke
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:Sigmar Gabriel
3254:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:Helmut Schmidt
3163:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3074:Rolf Mützenich
3071:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:Herbert Wehner
2924:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:Helmut Schmidt
2911:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:Lars Klingbeil
2829:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2775:Sigmar Gabriel
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2554:
2551:
2450:
2447:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2309:foreign policy
2305:
2290:
2280:
2273:
2250:social justice
2242:party platform
2168:Sigmar Gabriel
2160:
2157:
2098:Helmut Schmidt
2055:denazification
1967:Sturmabteilung
1915:Hermann Müller
1763:Friedrich Harm
1702:Main article:
1699:
1696:
1658:The SPD holds
1518:Lars Klingbeil
1516:together with
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1387:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1323:United Kingdom
1320:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
788:
787:
782:
772:
767:
765:Social justice
762:
757:
752:
747:
746:
745:
740:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
659:
658:
656:Representative
653:
648:
638:
633:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
584:
583:
578:
568:
566:Labor movement
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
527:
522:
521:
518:
517:
509:
508:
502:
501:
489:
488:
486:
485:
480:
475:
469:
466:
465:
450:
449:
445:
444:
436:
435:
431:
430:
425:
423:
417:
416:
411:
409:
403:
402:
397:
395:
389:
388:
383:
381:
375:
374:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:
340:
339:
334:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
306:
300:
299:
291:
284:
283:
273:
269:
268:
265:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
244:
238:
237:
228:
222:
221:
212:
208:
207:
193:
189:
188:
186:
185:
180:
174:
172:
171:Merger of
168:
167:
154:
150:
149:
147:
146:
144:Anke Rehlinger
141:
136:
131:
126:
115:
114:
113:
111:
110:Deputy Leaders
107:
106:
104:
103:
101:Lars Klingbeil
98:
92:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16276:
16265:
16262:
16260:
16257:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16245:
16242:
16240:
16237:
16235:
16232:
16230:
16227:
16225:
16222:
16220:
16217:
16215:
16212:
16210:
16207:
16205:
16202:
16200:
16197:
16195:
16192:
16191:
16189:
16176:
16170:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16144:
16141:
16139:
16136:
16134:
16131:
16129:
16126:
16125:
16123:
16121:
16117:
16113:
16107:
16104:
16102:
16099:
16097:
16094:
16092:
16089:
16087:
16084:
16082:
16079:
16078:
16076:
16074:
16070:
16064:
16061:
16059:
16056:
16054:
16051:
16050:
16048:
16046:
16042:
16036:
16033:
16031:
16028:
16026:
16023:
16022:
16020:
16018:
16014:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15984:
15982:
15980:
15976:
15970:
15967:
15965:
15962:
15960:
15957:
15955:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15946:
15944:
15942:
15938:
15934:
15930:
15924:
15921:
15919:
15916:
15914:
15911:
15910:
15908:
15906:
15902:
15897:
15890:
15885:
15883:
15878:
15876:
15871:
15870:
15867:
15855:
15852:
15850:
15847:
15845:
15842:
15840:
15837:
15835:
15832:
15831:
15829:
15827:
15823:
15817:
15814:
15812:
15809:
15807:
15804:
15803:
15801:
15799:
15795:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15771:
15769:
15766:
15765:
15763:
15761:
15757:
15747:
15744:
15742:
15739:
15738:
15736:
15734:
15730:
15724:
15721:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15694:
15691:
15689:
15686:
15684:
15681:
15679:
15676:
15675:
15673:
15671:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15658:
15652:
15649:
15648:
15646:
15644:
15640:
15634:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15624:
15621:
15619:
15616:
15614:
15611:
15610:
15608:
15606:
15602:
15597:
15590:
15585:
15583:
15578:
15576:
15571:
15570:
15567:
15554:
15551:
15548:
15545:
15542:
15539:
15536:
15533:
15532:
15530:
15526:
15519:
15518:Pedro Sánchez
15516:
15513:
15512:António Costa
15510:
15507:
15504:
15501:
15498:
15495:
15492:
15491:
15489:
15485:
15479:
15478:
15473:
15470:
15467:
15464:
15460:
15457:
15454:
15451:
15448:
15445:
15442:
15439:
15436:
15433:
15430:
15427:
15424:
15421:
15418:
15417:Josep Borrell
15415:
15414:
15412:
15408:
15401:
15400:Iratxe García
15398:
15396:
15393:
15391:
15388:
15386:
15383:
15381:
15380:Martin Schulz
15378:
15376:
15375:Enrique Barón
15373:
15371:
15370:Pauline Green
15368:
15366:
15363:
15361:
15358:
15356:
15355:Ernest Glinne
15353:
15351:
15348:
15346:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15328:
15326:
15323:
15321:
15320:Hendrik Fayat
15318:
15316:
15313:
15312:
15310:
15304:
15298:
15297:Stefan Löfven
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15278:
15275:
15273:
15270:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15260:
15258:
15255:
15253:
15250:
15248:
15245:
15244:
15242:
15238:
15227:
15222:
15216:
15213:
15208:
15202:
15199:
15194:
15188:
15185:
15180:
15174:
15171:
15166:
15160:
15157:
15152:
15146:
15143:
15138:
15132:
15129:
15124:
15118:
15115:
15110:
15104:
15101:
15096:
15090:
15087:
15082:
15076:
15073:
15068:
15062:
15061:
15059:
15055:
15048:
15043:
15037:
15036:
15034:
15030:
15023:
15019:
15016:
15011:
15005:
15002:
14997:
14991:
14988:
14983:
14977:
14974:
14969:
14963:
14960:
14956:
14953:
14948:
14942:
14939:
14934:
14928:
14925:
14920:
14914:
14911:
14906:
14900:
14897:
14892:
14886:
14885:
14883:
14879:
14872:
14867:
14861:
14858:
14853:
14847:
14846:
14844:
14840:
14833:
14829:
14826:
14821:
14815:
14812:
14807:
14801:
14800:
14798:
14794:
14787:
14782:
14776:
14773:
14768:
14762:
14759:
14754:
14748:
14745:
14740:
14734:
14731:
14726:
14720:
14717:
14712:
14706:
14703:
14698:
14692:
14689:
14684:
14678:
14675:
14670:
14664:
14661:
14656:
14650:
14647:
14642:
14636:
14633:
14628:
14622:
14619:
14615:
14612:
14607:
14601:
14598:
14593:
14587:
14584:
14580:
14577:
14572:
14566:
14563:
14558:
14552:
14549:
14544:
14538:
14535:
14530:
14524:
14521:
14516:
14510:
14507:
14502:
14496:
14493:
14488:
14482:
14479:
14474:
14468:
14465:
14460:
14454:
14451:
14446:
14440:
14437:
14432:
14426:
14423:
14419:
14416:
14411:
14405:
14402:
14397:
14391:
14390:
14388:
14386:Member states
14384:
14381:
14377:
14373:
14367:
14363:
14356:
14351:
14349:
14344:
14342:
14337:
14336:
14333:
14319:
14315:
14310:
14306:
14302:
14298:
14294:
14290:
14286:
14282:
14278:
14274:
14269:
14265:
14261:
14256:
14252:
14248:
14244:
14240:
14236:
14232:
14228:
14224:
14219:
14215:
14211:
14210:
14206:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14159:The Humanists
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14084:Bavaria Party
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14061:
14059:
14053:
14042:
14038:
14034:
14031:
14028:
14024:
14021:
14018:
14014:
14011:
14008:
14005:(85; only in
14004:
14001:
14000:
13998:
13996:
13992:
13985:
13982:
13979:
13976:
13973:
13970:
13967:
13964:
13961:
13958:
13955:
13952:
13949:
13946:
13943:
13940:
13939:
13937:
13935:Major parties
13933:
13930:
13928:
13923:
13912:
13908:
13905:
13902:
13898:
13895:
13892:
13888:
13885:
13882:
13878:
13875:
13872:
13868:
13865:
13862:
13858:
13855:
13852:
13849:
13846:
13843:
13842:
13840:
13838:
13837:Minor parties
13834:
13827:
13824:
13821:
13818:
13815:
13812:
13809:
13806:
13803:
13800:
13797:
13794:
13791:
13788:
13785:
13782:
13779:
13776:
13775:
13773:
13771:
13770:Major parties
13767:
13764:
13760:
13755:
13748:
13744:
13741:
13738:
13735:
13732:
13729:
13726:
13723:
13720:
13717:
13714:
13711:
13708:
13705:
13702:
13699:
13696:
13693:
13692:
13690:
13686:
13681:
13677:
13670:
13665:
13663:
13658:
13656:
13651:
13650:
13647:
13637:
13625:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13595:
13593:
13589:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13554:
13552:
13548:
13542:
13539:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13522:
13519:
13516:
13514:
13510:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13493:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13475:
13473:
13469:
13463:
13462:Kevin Kühnert
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13452:Hubertus Heil
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13442:Yasmin Fahimi
13440:
13438:
13437:Andrea Nahles
13435:
13433:
13432:Hubertus Heil
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13414:
13412:
13404:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13392:Andrea Nahles
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13319:
13317:
13311:
13305:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13286:Andrea Nahles
13284:
13282:
13281:Martin Schulz
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13236:Björn Engholm
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13213:
13211:
13203:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13183:
13180:
13178:
13175:
13174:
13172:
13164:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13126:
13123:
13119:
13109:
13106:
13102:
13097:
13096:Jens Böhrnsen
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13083:
13081:
13073:
13067:
13064:
13063:
13061:
13053:
13050:
13046:
13042:
13033:
13028:
13026:
13021:
13019:
13014:
13013:
13010:
13003:
13000:
12994:
12988:
12983:
12982:
12973:
12969:
12966:
12962:
12959:
12955:
12951:
12947:
12944:
12940:
12937:
12933:
12930:
12926:
12923:
12919:
12916:
12913:
12909:
12905:
12904:
12893:
12887:
12879:
12875:
12868:
12860:
12856:
12849:
12833:
12829:
12823:
12816:
12804:
12800:
12794:
12779:
12778:
12773:
12766:
12758:
12754:
12748:
12740:
12736:
12730:
12723:
12717:
12710:
12704:
12697:
12691:
12683:
12679:
12675:
12668:
12660:
12656:
12652:
12645:
12637:
12633:
12629:
12622:
12614:
12610:
12604:
12588:
12581:
12573:
12569:
12563:
12557:
12551:
12543:
12536:
12528:
12524:
12518:
12511:
12505:
12490:
12486:
12480:
12469:
12463:
12455:
12451:
12445:
12439:, No. I/2004.
12438:
12437:
12430:
12423:
12417:
12410:
12404:
12389:
12385:
12379:
12363:
12357:
12342:
12336:
12332:
12331:
12323:
12315:
12309:
12305:
12298:
12290:
12285:
12284:
12275:
12266:
12258:
12252:
12248:
12241:
12234:
12228:
12221:
12217:
12211:
12204:
12198:
12191:
12185:
12177:
12171:
12164:
12160:
12154:
12147:
12141:
12126:. 22 May 2013
12125:
12119:
12104:
12103:
12098:
12091:
12075:
12074:
12069:
12063:
12048:
12044:
12040:
12036:
12030:
12021:
12016:
12012:
12005:
11997:
11993:
11987:
11972:
11971:
11966:
11959:
11957:
11949:
11943:
11928:
11922:
11918:
11917:
11909:
11894:
11888:
11884:
11883:
11875:
11867:
11861:
11857:
11850:
11842:
11836:
11832:
11819:
11813:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11797:
11791:
11784:
11778:
11771:
11765:
11758:
11752:
11745:
11739:
11732:
11726:
11722:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11676:
11675:
11671:
11670:
11666:
11660:
11655:
11652:
11641:
11614:
11610:
11607:
11601:
11596:
11594:
11588:
11583:
11581:
11575:
11570:
11568:
11562:
11557:
11555:
11549:
11544:
11542:
11536:
11531:
11529:
11523:
11518:
11516:
11510:
11505:
11503:
11497:
11492:
11490:
11484:
11479:
11477:
11471:
11466:
11464:
11458:
11453:
11451:
11445:
11440:
11438:
11432:
11427:
11425:
11419:
11414:
11412:
11406:
11399:
11393:
11388:
11386:
11380:
11375:
11372:
11371:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11350:
11349:
11284:
11283:
11199:
11198:
11128:
11127:
11071:
11070:
11026:
11025:
10981:
10980:
10895:
10894:
10834:
10833:
10786:
10785:
10733:
10732:
10669:
10668:
10587:
10586:
10526:
10525:
10490:
10489:
10421:
10420:
10376:
10375:
10334:
10333:
10314:
10271:
10270:
10226:
10225:
10165:
10164:
10112:
10111:
10092:
10065:
10064:
10054:
10001:
9965:
9964:
9863:
9862:
9859:
9841:
9806:
9805:
9777:
9776:
9716:
9715:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9578:
9543:
9542:
9517:
9516:
9469:
9468:
9391:
9390:
9378:
9321:
9320:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9252:
9251:
9199:
9198:
9160:
9159:
9148:
9129:
9128:
9091:
9090:
9041:
9040:
9030:
8991:
8966:
8965:
8924:
8923:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8825:
8824:
8812:
8811:
8768:
8767:
8699:
8698:
8655:
8654:
8642:
8641:
8628:
8618:
8607:
8606:
8558:
8539:
8538:
8478:
8477:
8457:
8456:
8420:
8419:
8357:
8356:
8345:
8335:
8325:
8298:
8297:
8277:
8276:
8233:
8232:
8188:
8187:
8143:
8142:
8122:
8121:
8082:
8081:
8028:
8027:
7975:
7974:
7927:
7926:
7881:
7880:
7814:
7813:
7767:
7766:
7730:
7729:
7674:
7673:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7610:
7605:
7592:
7574:
7530:
7529:
7514:
7513:
7443:
7419:
7418:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7326:
7280:
7275:
7271:
7266:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7250:
7245:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7232:
7226:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7211:
7204:
7198:
7191:
7185:
7178:
7172:
7165:
7159:
7152:
7146:
7139:
7133:
7126:
7120:
7113:
7107:
7100:
7094:
7087:
7081:
7074:
7068:
7061:
7055:
7048:
7042:
7035:
7029:
7022:
7016:
7003:
6996:
6990:
6981:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6937:
6936:Björn Engholm
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:SPD majority
6926:
6923:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6879:
6877:
6876:Saxony-Anhalt
6874:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:SPD majority
6827:
6824:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:SPD majority
6796:
6793:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6770:
6768:SPD majority
6767:
6764:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6734:
6731:
6724:
6722:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:SPD majority
6701:
6698:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6673:SPD majority
6672:
6669:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:SPD majority
6641:
6638:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6613:SPD majority
6612:
6609:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:SPD majority
6581:
6578:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6485:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6444:
6428:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6335:Saxony-Anhalt
6333:
6332:
6320:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6293:SPD majority
6292:
6284:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6248:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6212:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6176:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6140:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6104:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6068:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6032:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6012:
6009:
6008:
5996:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5960:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5888:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5835:
5819:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5791:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5763:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5730:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5702:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5674:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5641:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5613:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5585:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5557:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5500:
5495:
5488:
5483:
5476:
5471:
5464:
5459:
5452:
5447:
5440:
5435:
5432:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5384:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5339:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5317:Martin Schulz
5313:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5294:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5252:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5207:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5167:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5127:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5001:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4922:
4921:
4915:
4911:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4863:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4818:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4778:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4690:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4520:Constituency
4512:
4506:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4317:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3680:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3602:Saxony-Anhalt
3600:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3541:Roger Lewentz
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3317:
3316:Andreas Stoch
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3281:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3191:2021–present
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3132:2017–present
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3084:
3078:2019–present
3077:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:Andrea Nahles
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3020:Peter Struck
3019:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2846:
2840:2021–present
2839:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:Andrea Nahles
2799:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:Martin Schulz
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:Björn Engholm
2661:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2592:Party leaders
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:Andrea Nahles
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:Angela Merkel
2505:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:. During the
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:social policy
2291:
2288:
2287:fiscal policy
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:welfare state
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
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1868:parliamentary
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1849:
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1670:group in the
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1639:. During the
1638:
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1328:United States
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1258:Organizations
1254:
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817:Welfare state
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728:Progressivism
726:
724:
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713:Mixed economy
711:
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132:
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129:Hubertus Heil
127:
125:
124:Klara Geywitz
122:
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108:
102:
99:
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83:Kevin Kühnert
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
16073:Conservative
15948:
15854:Danish Party
15849:Polish Party
15760:Conservative
15622:
15541:George Vella
15506:Robert Abela
15474:
15423:Helena Dalli
15395:Udo Bullmann
15340:Francis Vals
15335:Käte Strobel
15325:Pierre Lapie
15267:Guy Spitaels
15257:Joop den Uyl
14547:
14317:
14293:Lower Saxony
14276:
14263:
14247:Lower Saxony
14238:
14226:
14213:
14199:Values Union
14099:Centre Party
14035:(9; only in
14025:(4; only in
14015:(5; only in
13941:
13897:Family Party
13867:Family Party
13789:
13694:
13409:(since 1999)
13377:Peter Struck
13362:Peter Struck
13300:Saskia Esken
13291:Saskia Esken
13226:Willy Brandt
13208:(since 1946)
13177:Willy Brandt
13152:Gustav Bauer
13100:
13091:Johannes Rau
13038:
12971:
12964:
12958:Hajo Holborn
12953:
12949:
12935:
12928:
12921:
12907:
12891:
12886:
12867:
12848:
12836:. Retrieved
12832:the original
12822:
12814:
12807:. Retrieved
12802:
12793:
12781:. Retrieved
12775:
12765:
12756:
12747:
12738:
12729:
12716:
12708:
12703:
12695:
12690:
12677:
12667:
12655:The Guardian
12654:
12644:
12631:
12621:
12603:
12591:. Retrieved
12580:
12572:the original
12562:
12555:
12550:
12535:
12527:the original
12517:
12509:
12504:
12494:15 September
12492:. Retrieved
12488:
12479:
12462:
12454:the original
12444:
12434:
12429:
12421:
12416:
12408:
12403:
12391:. Retrieved
12387:
12378:
12366:. Retrieved
12356:
12344:. Retrieved
12329:
12322:
12303:
12297:
12282:
12274:
12265:
12246:
12240:
12232:
12227:
12215:
12210:
12202:
12197:
12184:
12170:
12153:
12145:
12140:
12128:. Retrieved
12118:
12106:. Retrieved
12100:
12090:
12078:. Retrieved
12071:
12062:
12052:28 September
12050:. Retrieved
12038:
12029:
12020:the original
12014:
12004:
11995:
11986:
11974:. Retrieved
11968:
11947:
11942:
11930:. Retrieved
11915:
11908:
11896:. Retrieved
11881:
11874:
11855:
11849:
11835:
11796:East Germany
11790:
11783:East Germany
11777:
11770:East Germany
11764:
11757:East Germany
11751:
11744:East Germany
11738:
11731:East Germany
11725:
11672:
11612:
10312:
10090:
9857:
9839:
9634:
9576:
9376:
9282:
9146:
8866:
8626:
8616:
8556:
8343:
8333:
8323:
7621:
7608:
7603:
7590:
7572:
7441:
7269:
7264:
6893:
6890:SPD minority
6868:Martin Dulig
6775:Johannes Rau
6688:Lower Saxony
6560:Willy Brandt
6498:Dieter Spöri
6447:
6442:
6365:CDU–SPD–FDP
6119:Lower Saxony
5833:
4979:Johannes Rau
4668:Willy Brandt
4504:
4462:Banned. The
4092:
3713:
3699:
3637:CDU–SPD–FDP
3585:Martin Dulig
3475:Stephan Weil
3470:Lower Saxony
3453:Nancy Faeser
3279:
3218:Willy Brandt
3157:Willy Brandt
3118:Johannes Rau
3085:
2979:Peter Struck
2852:
2832:Saskia Esken
2814:Saskia Esken
2637:Willy Brandt
2569:Saskia Esken
2562:
2528:
2493:
2478:
2463:
2442:
2412:
2389:
2381:
2347:
2302:open society
2239:
2205:East Germany
2197:West Germany
2193:World War II
2177:
2102:
2083:
2080:Eastern Bloc
2076:Willy Brandt
2074:, the SPD's
2063:German Party
2044:
2028:middle class
2012:West Germany
2008:East Germany
1992:World War II
1976:Adolf Hitler
1965:
1943:
1926:Three Arrows
1913:, the SPD's
1864:labor rights
1800:
1777:. Standing:
1767:August Bebel
1707:
1660:pro-European
1657:
1620:West Germany
1614:to form the
1608:East Germany
1602:. After the
1585:
1550:
1540:, after the
1524:was elected
1510:Saskia Esken
1508:
1475:
1452:
1450:
1403:
1389:
1375:
703:Labor rights
588:Nordic model
561:Keynesianism
253:Women's wing
226:Student wing
198:Willy-Brandt
192:Headquarters
116:
96:Saskia Esken
71:Abbreviation
44:
15826:Regionalist
15798:Antisemitic
15494:Olaf Scholz
15272:Willy Claes
14318:Free Voters
14243:Brandenburg
14189:Statt Party
14124:Free Saxony
14017:Brandenburg
13984:Free Voters
13826:Free Voters
13688:(733 seats)
13471:Governments
13422:Olaf Scholz
13332:Fritz Erler
13192:Olaf Scholz
13131:(1918–1933)
13058:(1918–1933)
12997:(in German)
12809:12 February
12757:MTV Lebanon
12368:16 December
12346:10 February
12249:. Kindler.
12073:Der Spiegel
12039:Der Spiegel
11996:politico.eu
11976:26 February
6568:Brandenburg
6149:SPD–Greens
6077:SPD–Greens
5987:30.89 (#1)
5975:Brandenburg
5933:Opposition
5810:13.94 (#3)
5782:15.82 (#3)
5754:27.26 (#2)
5721:20.78 (#2)
5693:21.52 (#2)
5665:30.70 (#2)
5632:32.16 (#1)
5629:11,389,697
5604:37.32 (#1)
5601:10,525,728
5576:37.41 (#2)
5548:40.83 (#1)
5545:11,370,045
5372:11,949,374
5366:12,227,998
5362:Olaf Scholz
5321:11,426,613
5282:11,247,283
5276:12,835,933
5261:Opposition
5234:12,077,437
5195:16,194,665
5189:18,129,100
5155:18,484,560
5149:20,059,967
5115:20,181,269
5109:21,535,893
5094:Opposition
5073:17,140,354
5067:17,966,813
5052:Opposition
5031:15,545,366
5025:16,279,980
5010:Opposition
4989:14,025,763
4983:14,787,953
4968:Opposition
4947:14,865,807
4941:15,686,033
4925:(1982–1983)
4923:Opposition
4917:(1980–1982)
4891:16,260,677
4885:16,808,861
4851:16,099,019
4845:16,471,321
4806:17,175,169
4800:18,228,239
4766:14,065,716
4760:14,402,374
4749:(1966–1969)
4738:(1965–1966)
4736:Opposition
4715:12,813,186
4709:12,998,474
4699:Opposition
4678:11,427,355
4672:11,672,057
4657:Opposition
4630:11,975,400
4620:Opposition
4578:Opposition
4523:Party list
4450:Opposition
4419:Opposition
4388:Opposition
4357:Opposition
4294:(1927–1928)
4292:Opposition
4286:(1926–1927)
4278:(1924–1926)
4276:Opposition
4245:Opposition
4213:(1923–1924)
4211:Opposition
4197:(1922–1923)
4189:(1921–1922)
4181:(1920–1921)
4127:11,516,852
4075:(1912–1918)
4073:Opposition
4042:Opposition
4011:Opposition
3980:Opposition
3949:Opposition
3918:Opposition
3887:Opposition
3856:Opposition
3825:Opposition
3794:Opposition
3763:Opposition
3670:Georg Maier
3659:Opposition
3622: [
3610: [
3530:Opposition
3486:SPD–Greens
3442:SPD–Greens
3382:Brandenburg
3349:Opposition
3327:Opposition
3305:Government
3289:State-level
3268:Olaf Scholz
3228:Egon Franke
3187:Olaf Scholz
2901:Fritz Erler
2533:, parts of
2520:East Frisia
2500:Brandenburg
2460:SPD results
2362:Agenda 2010
2201:Nazi regime
2153:Olaf Scholz
2103:During the
1803:World War I
1795:Paul Singer
1783:August Kühn
1775:Karl Frohme
1721: [
1522:Olaf Scholz
802:Trade union
698:Land reform
581:Revisionist
399:453 / 1,894
325:Centre-left
287:Membership
16188:Categories
15514:(Portugal)
15425:(Equality)
15360:Rudi Arndt
15315:Guy Mollet
15282:Robin Cook
15240:Presidents
14179:The Urbans
14139:Wir Bürger
14064:Alliance C
13954:The Greens
13851:Die PARTEI
13796:The Greens
13707:The Greens
13511:Schröder (
12956:edited by
12838:28 October
12783:9 February
12589:. BBC News
12393:10 October
11828:References
11686:Iron Front
6955:29.6 (#2)
6924:54.7 (#1)
6887:35.9 (#1)
6856:12.4 (#3)
6825:54.4 (#1)
6794:45.6 (#1)
6765:52.1 (#1)
6732:39.6 (#1)
6699:47.9 (#1)
6670:51.0 (#1)
6639:59.0 (#1)
6610:55.3 (#1)
6579:54.1 (#1)
6548:61.9 (#1)
6517:28.1 (#2)
6486:29.4 (#2)
6383:16.0 (#3)
6275:43.5 (#1)
6239:35.7 (#1)
6203:26.7 (#2)
6200:1,905,002
6167:39.6 (#1)
6131:33.4 (#1)
6128:1,211,418
6095:15.1 (#3)
6059:39.0 (#1)
6056:1,554,760
6023:29.8 (#1)
5951:18.4 (#2)
5912:1,140,585
5879:11.0 (#3)
5807:5,548,528
5779:5,914,953
5751:7,999,955
5718:5,472,566
5690:5,547,971
5662:8,307,085
5573:9,296,417
5375:25.7 (#1)
5369:26.4 (#1)
5330:20.5 (#2)
5327:9,538,367
5324:24.6 (#2)
5285:25.7 (#2)
5279:29.4 (#2)
5243:23.0 (#2)
5240:9,988,843
5237:27.9 (#2)
5198:34.2 (#1)
5192:38.4 (#1)
5158:38.5 (#1)
5152:41.9 (#1)
5118:40.9 (#1)
5112:43.8 (#1)
5076:36.4 (#1)
5070:38.3 (#1)
5034:33.5 (#2)
5028:35.2 (#2)
4992:37.0 (#1)
4986:39.2 (#1)
4950:38.2 (#1)
4944:40.4 (#2)
4894:42.9 (#1)
4888:44.5 (#1)
4854:42.6 (#1)
4848:43.7 (#1)
4809:45.8 (#1)
4803:48.9 (#1)
4769:42.7 (#1)
4763:44.0 (#1)
4718:39.3 (#1)
4712:40.1 (#1)
4681:36.2 (#1)
4675:36.5 (#1)
4639:31.8 (#2)
4636:9,495,571
4633:32.0 (#2)
4602:28.8 (#2)
4599:7,944,943
4596:29.5 (#2)
4593:8,131,257
4566:29.2 (#2)
4563:6,934,975
4517:Candidate
4464:Nazi Party
4432:18.3 (#2)
4429:7,181,629
4401:20.4 (#2)
4398:7,247,901
4370:21.6 (#2)
4367:7,959,712
4339:24.5 (#1)
4336:8,575,244
4326:Coalition
4308:29.8 (#1)
4305:9,152,979
4258:26.0 (#1)
4255:7,881,041
4227:20.5 (#1)
4224:6,008,905
4203:Coalition
4187:Coalition
4161:21.9 (#1)
4158:6,179,991
4148:Coalition
4130:37.9 (#1)
4081:Coalition
4055:34.8 (#1)
4052:4,250,399
4024:28.9 (#1)
4021:3,259,029
3993:31.7 (#1)
3990:3,010,771
3962:27.2 (#1)
3959:2,107,076
3931:23.3 (#1)
3928:1,786,738
3900:19.7 (#1)
3897:1,427,323
3869:10.1 (#5)
3365:Raed Saleh
3272:2018–2021
3262:2013–2018
3252:2007–2009
3242:2005–2007
3222:1966–1969
3181:1998–2005
3171:1974–1982
3161:1969–1974
3122:1999–2004
3112:1969–1974
3065:2017–2019
3052:2013–2017
3039:2009–2013
3026:2005–2009
3022:(2nd term)
3012:2002–2005
2986:1998–2002
2982:(1st term)
2970:1994–1998
2957:1991–1994
2944:1983–1991
2931:1969–1983
2918:1967–1969
2905:1964–1967
2892:1952–1963
2879:1949–1952
2823:2019–2021
2805:2018–2019
2792:2017–2018
2779:2009–2017
2766:2008–2009
2762:(2nd term)
2748:2006–2008
2735:2005–2006
2722:2004–2005
2718:(1st term)
2706:1999–2004
2693:1995–1999
2680:1993–1995
2667:1991–1993
2654:1987–1991
2641:1964–1987
2628:1952–1963
2615:1946–1952
2557:See also:
2535:Palatinate
2518:region of
2496:Protestant
2404:Electorate
2331:and other
2125:The Greens
2119:after the
2085:Ostpolitik
1950:Nazi Party
1674:. With 16
1651:and other
1588:Nazi Party
1534:the Greens
1526:chancellor
1060:Hilferding
925:Betancourt
915:Ben-Gurion
807:Tripartism
780:Capitalism
755:Secularism
683:Gradualism
678:Fair trade
651:Industrial
434:Party flag
242:Youth wing
163:1875-05-27
89:Co-leaders
16116:Völkische
15933:Socialist
15905:Communist
15605:Socialist
15555:(Croatia)
15549:(Ireland)
15537:(Germany)
15502:(Denmark)
15496:(Germany)
15437:(Economy)
15184:Fatah/فتح
14973:SDSM/СДСМ
14857:PBSD/БСДП
14464:EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ
14194:V-Partei3
13685:Bundestag
13494:Schmidt (
13478:Kiesinger
13315:Bundestag
13266:Kurt Beck
12894:. Munich.
12231:Winkler,
12047:2195-1349
11674:Bundestag
6944:Thuringia
6806:Kurt Beck
6760:125 / 227
6735:SPD–Left
6419:6.1 (#5)
6407:Thuringia
6347:8.4 (#4)
6311:7.3 (#4)
6185:SPD–Left
5915:8.4 (#5)
5846:Election
5535:EP Group
5520:Election
5380:206 / 736
5335:153 / 709
5290:193 / 630
5248:146 / 622
5203:222 / 614
5163:251 / 603
5123:298 / 669
5081:252 / 672
5039:239 / 662
4997:193 / 519
4955:202 / 520
4899:228 / 519
4859:224 / 518
4814:242 / 518
4774:237 / 518
4723:217 / 518
4686:203 / 521
4644:181 / 519
4607:162 / 509
4571:131 / 402
4514:Election
4505:Bundestag
4437:120 / 667
4406:121 / 584
4375:133 / 608
4344:143 / 577
4313:153 / 491
4263:131 / 493
4232:100 / 472
4166:103 / 459
4135:165 / 423
4102:Election
4093:Reichstag
4060:110 / 397
3838:9.7 (#5)
3807:6.1 (#7)
3776:7.6 (#5)
3751:9.1 (#4)
3723:Election
3714:Reichstag
3706:Bundestag
3702:Reichstag
3665:Thuringia
3574:Majority
3508:SPD–Left
2744:Kurt Beck
2547:Thuringia
2470:Ruhr Area
2443:Die Linke
2390:Die Linke
2354:Third Way
2350:Keynesian
2221:socialist
2094:Bundestag
1972:July 1932
1938:Communism
1899:president
1875:communist
1748:Reichstag
1743:socialist
1730:‹See Tfd›
1626:. In the
1592:Reichstag
1458:‹See Tfd›
1358:Socialism
1346:Communism
1307:By region
1245:Zhordania
1185:Plekhanov
1155:MacDonald
1150:Luxemburg
1035:Gaitskell
995:Daszyński
960:Callaghan
920:Bernstein
860:Third Way
785:Socialism
743:Socialism
733:Reformism
663:Dirigisme
641:Democracy
598:Socialism
483:Elections
385:207 / 736
379:Bundestag
282:(1924–33)
211:Newspaper
16017:Catholic
15979:Agrarian
15643:Catholic
14305:Saarland
14277:The Left
14251:Saarland
14231:Saarland
14114:dieBasis
13972:The Left
13820:The Left
13731:The Left
13635:Category
13523:Merkel (
13482:Brandt (
12739:Barron's
12682:Archived
12659:Archived
12636:Archived
12593:1 August
11637:See also
6958:CDU–SPD
6882:47 / 116
6859:CDU–SPD
6851:18 / 126
6814:Saarland
6789:53 / 101
6694:83 / 157
6634:74 / 120
6605:59 / 100
6551:SPD–FDP
6543:89 / 140
6512:61 / 204
6489:CDU–SPD
6481:46 / 146
6380:221,536
6316:10 / 119
6308:172,002
6272:196,799
6263:Saarland
6244:39 / 101
6236:691,055
6208:56 / 195
6164:361,761
6136:57 / 146
6113:CDU–SPD
6100:23 / 133
6092:424,487
6064:54 / 123
6020:376,610
5984:463,678
5969:CDU–SPD
5956:34 / 147
5948:278,978
5920:17 / 203
5884:19 / 154
5876:535,462
4456:Nov 1933
4425:Mar 1933
4394:Nov 1932
4363:Jul 1932
4251:Dec 1924
4220:May 1924
4029:43 / 397
3998:81 / 397
3967:56 / 397
3936:44 / 397
3905:35 / 397
3874:11 / 397
3866:763,102
3843:24 / 397
3835:549,990
3812:13 / 397
3804:311,961
3773:437,158
3756:13 / 397
3748:493,447
3591:18 / 126
3558:Saarland
3547:39 / 101
3525:56 / 195
3481:55 / 137
3464:CDU–SPD
3459:23 / 133
3437:51 / 121
3376:CDU–SPD
3371:38 / 160
3344:17 / 203
3322:19 / 143
2539:Saarland
2537:and the
2439:The Left
2415:Catholic
2386:The Left
2370:Hartz IV
2325:military
2191:. After
2032:big tent
1811:moderate
1733:German:
1690:and the
1645:military
1632:big tent
1536:and the
1215:Stauning
1135:Lévesque
1120:Lassalle
1100:Kerensky
1090:Katayama
1080:Jumblatt
1045:González
980:Crosland
965:Cárdenas
950:Branting
880:Ambedkar
829:Variants
646:Economic
625:Concepts
576:Orthodox
551:Humanism
498:a series
496:Part of
304:Ideology
267:SPDqueer
217:Vorwärts
203:D-10911
117:See list
16045:Liberal
15661:Liberal
15543:(Malta)
15520:(Spain)
15508:(Malta)
14910:SDP BiH
14871:Hlas-SD
14744:SMER-SD
14632:Saskaņa
14436:BSP/БСП
14379:Parties
14285:Bavaria
14218:Bavaria
14209:Notes:
14007:Bavaria
13968:(15/16)
13962:(12/16)
13956:(15/16)
13944:(16/16)
12910:(2000)
11932:18 July
11898:14 July
6950:29 / 88
6919:46 / 74
6820:30 / 51
6727:34 / 79
6665:52 / 96
6628:Hamburg
6574:52 / 88
6506:Bavaria
6416:73,088
6388:12 / 69
6344:89,475
6280:29 / 51
6172:34 / 79
6047:Hamburg
6028:27 / 84
5992:32 / 88
5903:Bavaria
5861:Status
5815:14 / 96
5787:16 / 96
5759:27 / 96
5740:S&D
5726:23 / 99
5698:23 / 99
5670:33 / 99
5637:40 / 99
5609:30 / 81
5581:32 / 81
5553:33 / 81
5349:CDU/CSU
5304:CDU/CSU
5217:CDU/CSU
4745:CDU/CSU
4532:Status
4117:Status
3781:9 / 397
3738:Status
3676:13 / 91
3654:21 / 73
3632:11 / 87
3569:29 / 51
3503:34 / 71
3426:Hamburg
3415:30 / 83
3393:25 / 88
3333:Bavaria
3299:Leader
2863:Leader
2599:Leader
2512:Emsland
2485:Bavaria
2339:growth.
2284:austere
2258:justice
2246:freedom
2180:Marxist
2053:pass a
2051:CDU/CSU
2047:leftist
1807:radical
1698:History
1624:CDU/CSU
1553:Marxist
1495:) is a
1340:Related
1318:Germany
1313:Austria
1235:Whitlam
1225:Den Uyl
1205:Sanders
1200:Sánchez
1195:Russell
1160:Mandela
1095:Kautsky
1075:Jenkins
1050:Goulart
1005:Douglas
900:Awolowo
885:Allende
812:Welfare
571:Marxism
524:History
448:Website
413:14 / 96
365:Colours
298:365,190
161: (
153:Founded
15449:(Jobs)
14478:SOCDEM
14255:Saxony
14227:Greens
14041:Saxony
14037:Bremen
13986:(2/16)
13980:(3/16)
13974:(8/16)
13541:Scholz
13302:&
13293:&
13101:Acting
12912:online
12337:
12310:
12253:
12220:online
12161:
12130:10 May
12108:10 May
12080:10 May
12045:
11923:
11889:
11862:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11345:
11340:
11337:
11325:
11322:
11319:
11307:
11304:
11271:
11268:
11265:
11252:
11249:
11246:
11233:
11230:
11225:
11222:
11210:
11207:
11204:
11170:
11167:
11162:
11159:
11156:
11123:
11120:
11117:
11112:
11109:
11106:
11093:
11090:
11087:
11082:
11079:
11076:
11021:
11018:
11013:
11010:
10989:
10986:
10968:
10965:
10962:
10949:
10946:
10943:
10930:
10927:
10914:
10911:
10908:
10866:
10863:
10858:
10855:
10829:
10826:
10823:
10818:
10815:
10794:
10791:
10765:
10762:
10741:
10738:
10728:
10725:
10722:
10717:
10714:
10709:
10706:
10656:
10653:
10640:
10637:
10624:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10608:
10603:
10600:
10595:
10592:
10521:
10518:
10513:
10510:
10498:
10495:
10392:
10389:
10371:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10355:
10342:
10339:
10329:
10326:
10279:
10276:
10258:
10255:
10242:
10239:
10189:
10186:
10160:
10157:
10120:
10117:
10099:
10096:
10081:
10078:
10050:
10047:
10034:
10031:
10018:
10015:
9981:
9978:
9973:
9970:
9952:
9931:
9928:
9923:
9894:
9891:
9871:
9868:
9830:
9827:
9801:
9798:
9793:
9790:
9756:
9753:
9748:
9745:
9740:
9737:
9732:
9729:
9711:
9708:
9703:
9700:
9695:
9682:
9679:
9674:
9653:
9585:
9582:
9538:
9525:
9522:
9504:
9501:
9496:
9493:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9464:
9451:
9446:
9443:
9430:
9410:
9407:
9404:
9399:
9396:
9316:
9311:
9308:
9273:
9270:
9265:
9194:
9189:
9124:
9121:
9117:
9112:
9062:
8987:
8974:
8971:
8945:
8903:
8900:
8895:
8882:
8879:
8820:
8817:
8807:
8804:
8797:
8792:
8789:
8731:
8728:
8723:
8720:
8694:
8691:
8650:
8647:
8637:
8632:
8586:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8570:
8565:
8562:
8486:
8483:
8473:
8470:
8452:
8449:
8444:
8441:
8436:
8433:
8399:
8396:
8383:
8378:
8314:
8311:
8306:
8303:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8257:
8254:
8249:
8246:
8212:
8209:
8159:
8156:
8109:
8106:
8103:
8098:
8095:
8077:
8074:
8052:
8049:
8036:
8033:
7999:
7996:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7949:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7852:
7849:
7836:
7833:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7725:
7722:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7651:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7578:
7560:
7557:
7545:
7542:
7509:
7504:
7501:
7496:
7493:
7490:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7471:
7468:
7465:
7460:
7457:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7399:
7396:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7356:
7353:
7317:
7314:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7289:
7286:
6845:Saxony
6599:Bremen
6537:Berlin
6454:State
6424:6 / 90
6352:9 / 97
6299:Saxony
6011:Bremen
5939:Berlin
5855:Seats
5849:Votes
5834:Länder
5529:Seats
5523:Votes
5395:Greens
5178:Greens
5138:Greens
4543:Votes
4537:Votes
4526:Seats
4205:(1923)
4111:Seats
4105:Votes
4083:(1918)
3732:Seats
3726:Votes
3580:Saxony
3404:Bremen
3355:Berlin
3302:Seats
3296:State
3280:
3086:
2834:&
2543:Saxony
2489:Munich
2474:Bremen
2466:Berlin
2300:in an
1988:Sopade
1956:. The
1934:Nazism
1793:, and
1600:Sopade
1462:German
1240:Wilson
1220:Thomas
1210:Savage
1170:Myrdal
1125:Layton
1105:Kéthly
1085:Junmai
1070:Jaurès
1055:Hardie
1040:Gandhi
1030:Fraser
1025:Engels
1020:Ecevit
990:Curtin
985:Corbyn
945:Brandt
930:Bhutto
895:Attlee
890:Ardern
873:People
427:7 / 16
369:
289:(2024)
264:+ wing
205:Berlin
15047:LSDSP
15001:SP/PS
14289:Hesse
13709:(117)
13703:(153)
13697:(206)
13562:Jusos
12942:1969.
12471:(PDF)
12289:23–24
11717:Notes
11373:Year
11359:13.9
11351:2024
11285:2023
11280:16.0
11261:43.5
11242:26.7
11200:2022
11187:35.7
11179:39.6
11145:11.0
11137:25.7
11129:2021
11102:39.2
11072:2020
11051:24.9
11043:26.2
11035:15.8
11027:2019
11006:19.8
10982:2018
10977:27.3
10958:29.6
10939:31.2
10923:36.9
10904:20.5
10896:2017
10891:10.6
10883:36.2
10875:30.6
10851:21.6
10843:12.7
10835:2016
10811:45.6
10803:32.8
10787:2015
10782:12.4
10774:12.4
10758:31.9
10750:27.3
10734:2014
10702:32.6
10694:30.7
10686:20.6
10678:25.7
10670:2013
10665:30.4
10649:30.6
10633:39.1
10588:2012
10583:21.5
10575:35.7
10567:35.6
10559:48.4
10551:38.6
10543:28.3
10535:23.1
10527:2011
10491:2010
10486:18.5
10478:25.4
10470:10.4
10462:24.5
10454:23.7
10446:33.0
10438:20.8
10430:23.0
10422:2009
10417:30.3
10409:36.7
10401:34.1
10385:18.6
10377:2008
10351:36.7
10335:2007
10322:21.4
10304:30.2
10296:30.8
10288:25.2
10272:2006
10267:38.7
10251:37.1
10235:34.2
10227:2005
10222:14.5
10206:30.8
10198:30.5
10182:31.9
10174:21.5
10166:2004
10153:33.4
10145:29.1
10137:42.3
10129:19.6
10113:2003
10108:20.0
10074:38.5
10066:2002
10061:29.7
10043:44.8
10027:36.5
10011:33.3
10003:2001
9998:43.1
9990:42.8
9966:2000
9961:18.5
9948:10.7
9940:44.4
9919:39.4
9911:42.6
9903:39.3
9880:30.7
9864:1999
9849:34.3
9823:28.7
9815:40.9
9807:1998
9786:36.2
9778:1997
9773:39.8
9765:39.8
9725:25.1
9717:1996
9691:46.0
9670:38.0
9662:33.4
9649:23.6
9641:1995
9626:34.0
9618:16.6
9610:49.4
9602:29.5
9594:44.3
9568:30.0
9560:32.2
9552:36.4
9544:1994
9534:40.4
9518:1993
9513:46.2
9478:29.4
9470:1992
9460:44.8
9439:40.8
9419:38.8
9392:1991
9387:22.8
9384:26.0
9381:19.1
9368:50.0
9360:27.0
9357:44.2
9349:38.2
9346:30.4
9338:26.0
9330:33.5
9322:1990
9297:37.3
9289:1989
9261:32.0
9253:1988
9248:45.2
9240:38.8
9232:40.2
9224:45.0
9216:50.5
9208:37.0
9200:1987
9185:42.1
9177:41.7
9169:27.5
9161:1986
9156:49.2
9138:32.4
9130:1985
9108:32.4
9100:37.4
9092:1984
9087:43.7
9079:39.6
9071:46.2
9058:51.3
9050:38.2
9042:1983
9037:51.3
9027:36.5
9019:42.8
9011:42.7
9003:31.9
8993:1982
8983:38.3
8967:1981
8962:45.4
8954:48.4
8941:32.5
8933:42.9
8925:1980
8920:41.7
8912:42.3
8891:48.8
8863:1979
8858:42.2
8850:44.3
8842:51.5
8834:31.4
8826:1978
8813:1977
8785:33.3
8777:42.6
8769:1976
8764:40.1
8756:41.8
8748:38.5
8740:45.1
8716:48.8
8708:42.6
8700:1975
8680:43.2
8672:45.0
8664:30.2
8656:1974
8643:1973
8608:1972
8603:41.0
8595:40.5
8548:50.4
8540:1971
8535:40.8
8527:46.1
8519:46.3
8511:45.9
8503:55.3
8495:33.3
8479:1970
8466:42.7
8458:1969
8429:29.0
8421:1968
8416:39.4
8408:36.8
8392:43.1
8374:46.0
8366:56.9
8358:1967
8353:49.5
8299:1966
8294:40.7
8286:39.3
8278:1965
8242:37.3
8234:1964
8229:40.7
8221:44.9
8205:54.7
8197:61.9
8189:1963
8184:39.2
8176:43.3
8168:50.8
8152:35.3
8144:1962
8139:57.4
8131:36.2
8123:1961
8118:30.0
8091:35.3
8083:1960
8069:34.9
8061:39.5
8045:54.9
8029:1959
8024:35.9
8016:39.2
8008:46.9
7992:52.6
7984:30.8
7976:1958
7960:53.9
7936:31.8
7928:1957
7890:28.9
7882:1956
7877:20.1
7869:31.7
7861:35.2
7845:47.8
7815:1955
7810:33.2
7800:34.5
7792:42.6
7784:44.6
7776:28.1
7768:1954
7763:45.2
7739:28.8
7731:1953
7675:1952
7668:34.0
7660:33.7
7647:39.1
7628:1951
7618:27.5
7600:32.3
7587:44.4
7569:44.7
7531:1950
7526:42.8
7518:29.2
7515:1949
7420:1948
7415:43.8
7412:32.8
7409:34.3
7406:32.0
7403:43.4
7381:41.7
7371:20.8
7347:1947
7324:42.7
7321:43.1
7278:31.9
7261:1946
6983:Year
6771:1985
6676:1966
6659:Hesse
6616:1971
6466:Year
6083:Hesse
5351:–SPD
5306:–SPD
5219:–SPD
4747:–SPD
3626:]
3616:&
3614:]
3448:Hesse
3362:&
3232:1982
2999:2002
2866:Year
2816:&
2602:Year
2531:Hesse
2329:Hamas
2203:; in
1725:]
1649:Hamas
1618:. In
1610:, it
1546:state
1190:Prodi
1180:Palme
1175:Nehru
1130:Lenin
1115:Lagos
1065:İnönü
1015:Ebert
1010:Drees
975:Craxi
970:Clark
955:Brown
940:Blanc
935:Blair
910:Bebel
200:-Haus
16120:Nazi
16118:and
15939:and
15475:see
15226:FDTL
15156:USPT
14832:SDLP
14772:PSOE
14688:PvdA
14660:LSAP
14646:LSDP
14583:MSZP
14307:and
14253:and
14104:DAVA
14094:BüSo
14074:APPD
14039:and
13877:PMUT
13845:Volt
13798:(12)
13792:(14)
13786:(15)
13780:(23)
13739:(10)
13733:(28)
13727:(43)
13721:(77)
13715:(91)
12840:2012
12811:2024
12785:2024
12595:2015
12496:2021
12395:2017
12370:2013
12348:2012
12335:ISBN
12308:ISBN
12251:ISBN
12159:ISBN
12132:2015
12110:2015
12082:2015
12054:2021
12043:ISSN
11978:2024
11934:2013
11921:ISBN
11900:2013
11887:ISBN
11860:ISBN
11613:Bold
11368:TBD
11365:TBD
11362:TBD
11334:15.1
11316:29.8
11301:18.4
11293:8.4
11219:33.4
11195:8.4
11153:21.4
11067:8.2
11059:7.7
10998:9.7
10507:34.5
10313:45.6
10214:9.8
10091:40.6
9888:22.4
9858:35.9
9840:47.9
9635:29.6
9577:54.1
9427:48.0
9377:54.4
9305:37.3
9283:54.8
9147:52.1
8876:42.7
8867:40.8
8688:43.1
8627:37.6
8617:45.8
8557:55.3
8344:51.0
8334:59.0
8324:35.8
7719:32.4
7678:28.0
7554:28.0
7539:33.0
7442:64.5
7350:22.4
7311:47.6
7293:48.7
7283:28.6
6962:1994
6931:1988
6900:1998
6863:2014
6832:1990
6801:2006
6739:2021
6706:1998
6646:1966
6586:1994
6555:1963
6524:1954
6493:1992
6437:TBD
6412:2024
6376:2022
6340:2021
6329:TBD
6304:2024
6268:2022
6232:2021
6196:2022
6160:2021
6124:2022
6088:2023
6052:2020
6016:2023
6005:TBD
5980:2024
5944:2023
5908:2023
5872:2021
5858:+/–
5803:2024
5775:2019
5747:2014
5714:2009
5686:2004
5658:1999
5625:1994
5597:1989
5569:1984
5558:New
5541:1979
5532:+/–
5393:SPD–
5357:2021
5312:2017
5267:2013
5225:2009
5185:2005
5176:SPD–
5145:2002
5136:SPD–
5100:1998
5058:1994
5016:1990
4974:1987
4932:1983
4912:SPD–
4881:1980
4872:SPD–
4836:1976
4827:SPD–
4796:1972
4787:SPD–
4756:1969
4705:1965
4663:1961
4626:1957
4584:1953
4552:1949
4529:+/–
4488:1938
4474:1936
4332:1930
4301:1928
4154:1920
4123:1919
4114:+/–
4048:1912
4017:1907
3986:1903
3955:1898
3924:1893
3893:1890
3862:1887
3831:1884
3800:1881
3769:1878
3744:1877
3735:+/–
3017:(9)
2571:and
2545:and
2487:(in
2435:WASG
2429:and
2260:and
2248:and
2240:The
2137:2009
2133:2005
2129:2002
2090:1972
1974:and
1936:and
1879:USPD
1862:and
1773:and
1676:MEPs
1451:The
1230:Webb
1165:Marx
1110:Kirk
1000:Debs
738:Left
262:LGBT
183:SDAP
178:ADAV
15212:SSP
15198:PSD
15170:CTP
15142:PDM
15128:Dem
15086:ARF
15022:HDP
15015:CHP
14959:SDP
14952:DPS
14825:Lab
14786:SAP
14730:PSD
14618:PSI
14597:Lab
14548:SPD
14520:SDP
14506:SDE
14450:SDP
14401:SPÖ
14264:AfD
14239:FDP
14214:CDU
14149:NPD
14134:DSU
14023:SSW
14003:CSU
13978:BSW
13966:AfD
13960:FDP
13948:CDU
13942:SPD
13887:ÖDP
13857:ÖDP
13853:(2)
13847:(3)
13828:(2)
13822:(3)
13816:(6)
13814:BSW
13810:(6)
13808:CSU
13804:(5)
13802:FDP
13790:SPD
13784:AfD
13778:CDU
13743:SSW
13737:BSW
13725:CSU
13719:AfD
13713:FDP
13701:CDU
13695:SPD
13530:III
13506:III
11818:SED
11397:EU
7622:N/A
7609:N/A
7604:N/A
7591:N/A
7573:N/A
7270:N/A
7265:N/A
7007:EU
6290:12
6218:13
5797:11
5708:10
5651:PES
5647:10
5562:SOC
5399:FDP
5390:53
5345:40
5300:42
5258:76
5213:29
5173:47
5133:43
5091:13
5049:46
4965:26
4914:FDP
4874:FDP
4869:18
4829:FDP
4789:FDP
4784:20
4733:14
4696:22
4654:19
4617:22
4416:12
4385:10
4354:10
4323:22
4273:31
4176:62
4145:55
4070:67
4039:38
4008:25
3977:12
3915:24
3884:13
3853:11
3070:15
3057:14
3044:13
3031:12
3004:11
2991:10
2828:17
2810:16
2797:15
2784:14
2771:13
2756:(9)
2740:11
2727:10
2491:).
2445:).
2307:In
2292:In
1476:SPD
457:.de
455:spd
372:Red
74:SPD
18:SPD
16190::
15935:,
15114:GD
15072:PS
14987:DS
14938:VV
14896:PS
14811:AP
14758:SD
14716:PS
14702:NL
14674:PL
14611:PD
14576:DK
14534:PS
14415:PS
14303:,
14299:,
14295:,
14291:,
14287:,
14283:,
14249:,
14245:,
14033:BD
13535:IV
13518:II
13501:II
13489:II
12920:,
12876:.
12857:.
12813:.
12801:.
12774:.
12755:.
12737:.
12680:.
12678:DW
12676:.
12657:.
12653:.
12634:.
12630:.
12487:.
12386:.
12099:.
12070:.
12037:.
12013:.
11994:.
11967:.
11955:^
11803:^
11606:TH
11593:SH
11580:ST
11567:SN
11554:SL
11541:RP
11528:NW
11515:MV
11502:NI
11489:HE
11476:HH
11463:HB
11450:BB
11437:BE
11424:BY
11411:BW
11385:DE
7255:WH
7242:WB
7231:SB
7216:TH
7203:SH
7190:ST
7177:SN
7164:SL
7151:RP
7138:NW
7125:MV
7112:NI
7099:HE
7086:HH
7073:HB
7060:BB
7047:BE
7034:BY
7021:BW
6995:DE
6460:%
6434:2
6398:9
6362:2
6326:0
6254:0
6182:8
6146:2
6110:6
6074:4
6038:4
6002:7
5966:2
5930:5
5894:0
5852:%
5825:2
5769:4
5736:0
5680:7
5619:2
5591:1
5526:%
5007:9
4909:4
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4546:%
4540:%
4447:1
4242:3
4108:%
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3822:4
3791:4
3729:%
3624:de
3612:de
2975:9
2962:8
2949:7
2936:6
2923:5
2910:4
2897:3
2884:2
2871:1
2753:12
2711:9
2698:8
2685:7
2672:6
2659:5
2646:4
2633:3
2620:2
2607:1
2400:.
2256:,
2170:,
1932:,
1789:,
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1694:.
1655:.
1583:.
1478:,
1474:;
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1464::
500:on
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14924:S
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14311:.
14270:.
14257:.
14043:)
14029:)
14019:)
14009:)
13913:)
13911:1
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13903:)
13901:1
13899:(
13893:)
13891:1
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13883:)
13881:1
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13873:)
13871:1
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13863:)
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13749:)
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13668:e
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13537:)
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13520:)
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13099:(
13031:e
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12787:.
12615:.
12597:.
12544:.
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12372:.
12350:.
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12259:.
12222:.
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12134:.
12112:.
12084:.
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11980:.
11936:.
11902:.
11868:.
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11772:)
11759:)
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11733:)
5836:)
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4507:)
4095:)
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2380:(
2335:.
2304:.
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165:)
42:.
20:)
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