Sex-determining region Y protein

1606:

FGF9 that spreads throughout the developing XY gonad, leading to further differentiation of Sertoli cells via the up-regulation of SOX9. SOX9 and SRY are also believed to be responsible for many of the later processes of testis development (such as Leydig cell differentiation, sex cord formation, and formation of testis-specific vasculature), although exact mechanisms remain unclear. It has been shown, however, that SOX9, in the presence of PDG2, acts directly on Amh (encoding anti-Müllerian hormone) and is capable of inducing testis formation in XX mice gonads, indicating it is vital to testes development.

345: 322: 1824:

and external genitalia were reversed. When the piglets were born they were phenotypically male but expressed female genitalia. Another study done on mice used TALEN technology to produce an SRY knockout model. These mice expressed external and internal genitalia as well as a normal female level of circulating testosterone. These mice, despite having XY chromosomes, expressed a normal estrus cycle albeit with reduced fertility. Both of these studies highlighted the role that SRY plays in the development of the testes and other male reproductive organs.

4279: 1549:, another transcriptional regulator) complex and bind to TESCO (testis-specific enhancer of Sox9 core), the testes-specific enhancer element of the Sox9 gene in Sertoli cell precursors, located upstream of the Sox9 gene transcription start site. Specifically, it is the HMG region of SRY that binds to the minor groove of the DNA target sequence, causing the DNA to bend and unwind. The establishment of this particular DNA "architecture" facilitates the transcription of the Sox9 gene. In the nucleus of Sertoli cells, SOX9 directly targets the 4264: 244: 219: 4234: 4249: 596: 351: 250: 9936: 1126: 1505:), which in turn leads to further upregulation of SOX9. Once proper SOX9 levels are reached, the bipotential cells of the gonad begin to differentiate into Sertoli cells. Additionally, cells expressing SRY will continue to proliferate to form the primordial testis. This brief review constitutes the basic series of events, but there are many more factors that influence sex differentiation. 1743:. SRY encodes a protein that controls the concentration of dopamine, the neurotransmitter that carries signals from the brain that control movement and coordination. Research in mice has shown that a mutation in SOX10, an SRY encoded transcription factor, is linked to the condition of Dominant megacolon in mice. This mouse model is being used to investigate the link between SRY and 56: 1711:

produced and initiate the development of other male sexual characteristics. Comparably, if SRY is not present for XX, there will be a lack of the SRY based on no Y chromosome. The lack of SRY will allow the cortex of embryonic gonads to develop into ovaries, which will then produce estrogen, and lead to the development of other female sexual characteristics.

1785:

and were not disqualified. Specifically, eight female participants (out of a total of 3387) at these games were found to have the SRY gene. However, after further investigation of their genetic conditions, all these athletes were verified as female and allowed to compete. These athletes were found to

1597:

The SF-1 protein, on its own, leads to minimal transcription of the SOX9 gene in both the XX and XY bipotential gonadal cells along the urogenital ridge. However, binding of the SRY-SF1 complex to the testis-specific enhancer (TESCO) on SOX9 leads to significant up-regulation of the gene in only the

1598:

XY gonad, while transcription in the XX gonad remains negligible. Part of this up-regulation is accomplished by SOX9 itself through a positive feedback loop; like SRY, SOX9 complexes with SF1 and binds to the TESCO enhancer, leading to further expression of SOX9 in the XY gonad. Two other proteins,

1823:

One of the knockout models for the SRY gene was done in pigs. Through the use of CRISPR technology the SRY gene was knocked out in male pigs. The target for the CRISPR technology is the high mobility group located on the SRY gene. The research showed that with the absence of SRY, both the internal

1642:

occurs when a body has 46:XX Karyotype and SRY attaches to one of them through translocation. People with XX male syndrome have a XX Karyotype but are male. Individuals with either of these syndromes can experience delayed puberty, infertility, and growth features of the opposite sex they identify

1706:

While the presence or absence of SRY has generally determined whether or not testis development occurs, it has been suggested that there are other factors that affect the functionality of SRY. Therefore, there are individuals who have the SRY gene, but still develop as females, either because the

1605:

SOX9 and SRY are believed to be responsible for the cell-autonomous differentiation of supporting cell precursors in the gonads into Sertoli cells, the beginning of testes development. These initial Sertoli cells, in the center of the gonad, are hypothesized to be the starting point for a wave of

1710:

Additionally, other sex determining systems that rely on SRY beyond XY are the processes that come after SRY is present or absent in the development of an embryo. In a normal system, if SRY is present for XY, SRY will activate the medulla to develop gonads into testes. Testosterone will then be

1806:

Despite the progress made during the past several decades in the study of sex determination, the SRY gene, and its protein, work is still being conducted to further understanding in these areas. There remain factors that need to be identified in the sex-determining molecular network, and the

1364:

has little in common with sex determination genes of other model organisms, therefore, mice are the main model research organisms that can be utilized for its study. Understanding its regulation is further complicated because even between mammalian species, there is little protein

82: 1633:

Most of the time, when a developing sperm cell undergoes crossover during meiosis, the SRY gene stays on the Y chromosome. If the SRY gene is transferred to the X chromosome instead of staying on the Y chromosome, testis development will no longer occur. This is known as

1428:

and an N-terminal Pro/Glu-rich region and primarily functions as an activator. Mutation of the zinc fingers or inactivation of WT1 results in reduced male gonad size. Deletion of the gene resulted in complete sex reversal. It is not clear how WT1 functions to up-regulate

1602:(fibroblast growth factor 9) and PDG2 (prostaglandin D2), also maintain this up-regulation. Although their exact pathways are not fully understood, they have been proven to be essential for the continued expression of SOX9 at the levels necessary for testes development. 1731:(AIS). Individuals with AIS are unable to respond to androgens properly due to a defect in their androgen receptor gene, and affected individuals can have complete or partial AIS. SRY has also been linked to the fact that males are more likely than females to develop 1419:

binding sites leads to a 90% reduction in gene transcription. Studies of SF1 have resulted in less definite results. Mutations of SF1 can lead to sex reversal, and deletion can lead to incomplete gonad development. However, it is not clear how SF1 interacts with the

1437:, which stands for dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1. An additional copy of DAX1 in mice leads to sex reversal. It is not clear how DAX1 functions, and many different pathways have been suggested, including 1638:, characterized by an XY karyotype and a female phenotype. Individuals who have this syndrome have normally formed uteri and fallopian tubes, but the gonads are not functional. Swyer syndrome individuals are usually considered as females. On the other spectrum, 1790:, despite having an SRY gene, making them externally phenotypically female. In the late 1990s, a number of relevant professional societies in United States called for elimination of gender verification, including the 3387:

Haqq CM, King CY, Ukiyama E, Falsafi S, Haqq TN, Donahoe PK, et al. (December 1994). "Molecular basis of mammalian sexual determination: activation of Müllerian inhibiting substance gene expression by SRY".

3241: 1433:, but some research suggests that it helps stabilize message processing. However, there are complications to this hypothesis, because WT1 also is responsible for expression of an antagonist of male development, 358: 257: 3879:

Sinclair AH, Berta P, Palmer MS, Hawkins JR, Griffiths BL, Smith MJ, et al. (July 1990). "A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif".

4278: 3820:

Müller J, Schwartz M, Skakkebaek NE (July 1992). "Analysis of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) in sex reversed patients: point-mutation in SRY causing sex-reversion in a 46,XY female".

2111:

Katoh K, Miyata T (December 1999). "A heuristic approach of maximum likelihood method for inferring phylogenetic tree and an application to the mammalian SOX-3 origin of the testis-determining gene SRY".

1496:

cells). SRY initiates testis differentiation by activating male-specific transcription factors that allow these bipotential cells to differentiate and proliferate. SRY accomplishes this by upregulating

4319: 4058:

Ellis NA, Goodfellow PJ, Pym B, Smith M, Palmer M, Frischauf AM, et al. (January 1989). "The pseudoautosomal boundary in man is defined by an Alu repeat sequence inserted on the Y chromosome".

4263: 4103:

Whitfield LS, Hawkins TL, Goodfellow PN, Sulston J (May 1995). "41 kilobases of analyzed sequence from the pseudoautosomal and sex-determining regions of the short arm of the human Y chromosome".

1811:

screening of the genital ridge genes at varying developmental stages, mutagenesis screens in mice for sex-reversal phenotypes, and identifying the genes that transcription factors act on using

4233: 4248: 1415:

The promoter region has two Sp1 binding sites, at -150 and -13 that function as regulatory sites. Sp1 is a transcription factor that binds GC-rich consensus sequences, and mutation of the

1441:

transcriptional destabilization and RNA binding. There is evidence from work on suppression of male development that DAX1 can interfere with function of SF1, and in turn transcription of

2414:"The molecular action and regulation of the testis-determining factors, SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) and SOX9 [SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box 9]" 1614:

Embryos are gonadally identical, regardless of genetic sex, until a certain point in development when the testis-determining factor causes male sex organs to develop. A typical male

1807:

chromosomal changes involved in many other human sex-reversal cases are still unknown. Scientists continue to search for additional sex-determining genes, using techniques such as

1755:, or the process of cartilage formation, and manifests as skeletal CD. Two thirds of 46,XY individuals diagnosed with CD have fluctuating amounts of male-to-female sex reversal. 9763: 4312: 1707:

gene itself is defective or mutated, or because one of the contributing factors is defective. This can happen in individuals exhibiting a XY, XXY, or XX SRY-positive karyotype.

1322:

is a quickly evolving gene, and its regulation has been difficult to study because sex determination is not a highly conserved phenomenon within the animal kingdom. Even within

3633:

Hawkins JR, Taylor A, Berta P, Levilliers J, Van der Auwera B, Goodfellow PN (February 1992). "Mutational analysis of SRY: nonsense and missense mutations in XY sex reversal".

1349:

is one of only four genes on the human Y chromosome that have been shown to have arisen from the original Y chromosome. The other genes on the human Y chromosome arose from an

1272:. SRY gene effects normally take place 6–8 weeks after fetus formation which inhibits the female anatomical structural growth in males. It also works towards developing the 5241: 3968:

Berta P, Hawkins JR, Sinclair AH, Taylor A, Griffiths BL, Goodfellow PN, et al. (November 1990). "Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor".

3234: 1936:

Berta P, Hawkins JR, Sinclair AH, Taylor A, Griffiths BL, Goodfellow PN, et al. (November 1990). "Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor".

9731: 4305: 5740: 1424:

promoter directly. The promoter region also has two WT1 binding sites at -78 and -87 bp from the ATG codon. WT1 is transcription factor that has four C-terminal

3850:

McElreavey KD, Vilain E, Boucekkine C, Vidaud M, Jaubert F, Richaud F, et al. (July 1992). "XY sex reversal associated with a nonsense mutation in SRY".

3748:

Jäger RJ, Harley VR, Pfeiffer RA, Goodfellow PN, Scherer G (December 1992). "A familial mutation in the testis-determining gene SRY shared by both sexes".

9756: 864: 180: 7947: 845: 4013:

Jäger RJ, Anvret M, Hall K, Scherer G (November 1990). "A human XY female with a frame shift mutation in the candidate testis-determining gene SRY".

6625: 5647: 5642: 5637: 1369:. The only conserved group in mice and other mammals is the HMG box region that is responsible for DNA binding. Mutations in this region result in 5286: 3044:

Pritchett J, Athwal V, Roberts N, Hanley NA, Hanley KP (2011). "Understanding the role of SOX9 in acquired diseases: lessons from development".

9749: 5271: 4957: 151:, SRXX1, SRXY1, TDF, TDY, Testis determining factor, sex determining region Y, Sex-determining region of Y-chromosome, Sex-determining region Y 1918: 1900: 1380:, regulatory elements and regulation are not well understood. Within related mammalian groups there are homologies within the first 400–600 5780: 1777:

in 1992. Athletes with an SRY gene were not permitted to participate as females, although all athletes in whom this was "detected" at the

9575: 9559: 4378: 5632: 1501:, a transcription factor with a DNA-binding site very similar to SRY's. SOX9 leads to the upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 9 ( 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 5417: 5410: 5405: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5301: 2304:

Graves JA (December 2015). "Weird mammals provide insights into the evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and dosage compensation".

2694: 9297: 7420: 1064: 1071: 9855: 8508: 8503: 8453: 8443: 8423: 8408: 8388: 8313: 8293: 7435: 7430: 6096: 4287:: 3D Solution NMR Structure of the M9I Mutant of the HMG-Box Domain of the Human Male Sex Determining Factor SRY Complexed to DNA 9802: 7664: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7550: 7384: 7172: 7123: 7118: 5165: 5155: 4213: 3549: 3514: 2838: 1883: 1675:

SRY gene is transferred to the X chromosome instead of staying on the Y chromosome, testis development will no longer occur.

9960: 79: 9060: 4952: 4524: 4272:: 3D Solution NMR Structure of the Wild Type HMG-BOX Domain of the Human Male Sex Determining Factor Sry Complexed to DNA 3927:"Clinical and pathologic spectrum of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis: its relevance to the understanding of sex differentiation" 1862: 3122: 1727:

and individuals with XY karyotype and a functional SRY gene can have an outwardly female phenotype due to an underlying

9975: 9939: 9329: 8228: 6315: 3672:"Evidence for increased prevalence of SRY mutations in XY females with complete rather than partial gonadal dysgenesis" 1468:. Studies suggest that FOG2 and GATA4 associate with nucleosome remodeling proteins that could lead to its activation. 5773: 5768: 5696: 5686: 4563: 4553: 4388: 4188:

provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Sex-determining region Y protein

2513: 1589:

loop, involving SOX9 acting as its own transcription factor and resulting in the synthesis of large amounts of SOX9.

344: 9795: 5691: 5605: 1838: 1273: 35: 4242:: THE 3D STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN SRY-DNA COMPLEX SOLVED BY MULTID-DIMENSIONAL HETERONUCLEAR-EDITED AND-FILTERED NMR 1630:, when a sperm cell is developing, can result in karyotypes that are not typical for their phenotypic expression. 1618:

is XY, whereas a female's is XX. There are exceptions, however, in which SRY plays a major role. Individuals with

8627: 5903: 5893: 4494: 4373: 4257:: THE 3D STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN SRY-DNA COMPLEX SOLVED BY MULTI-DIMENSIONAL HETERONUCLEAR-EDITED AND-FILTERED NMR 1887: 1866: 1787: 1774: 1728: 1720: 1464:

transcription. FOGs have zinc finger motifs that can bind DNA, but there is no evidence of FOG2 interaction with

321: 2719: 2262:"Phylogeny of the SOX family of developmental transcription factors based on sequence and structural indicators" 9965: 6258: 5898: 5593: 1808: 909: 9540: 9535: 8686: 5598: 1812: 1794:, stating that the method used was uncertain and ineffective. Chromosomal screening was eliminated as of the 1518: 4170: 3266:

Kurtz S, Lucas-Hahn A, Schlegelberger B, Göhring G, Niemann H, Mettenleiter TC, et al. (January 2021).

2984:"Mutation of the Sry-related Sox10 gene in Dominant megacolon, a mouse model for human Hirschsprung disease" 1747:, or congenital megacolon in humans. There is also a link between SRY encoded transcription factor SOX9 and 890: 9916: 9635: 7971: 6121: 5674: 5664: 2726:. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2675:. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1791: 1643:

with. XX male syndrome expressers may develop breasts, and those with Swyer syndrome may have facial hair.

1581:). The reentry of SOX9 into the nucleus is facilitated by autocrine or paracrine signaling conducted by PGD 1392:

promoter have shown that a region of at least 310 bp upstream to translational start site are required for

1202: 243: 218: 160: 1396:

promoter function. It has been shown that binding of three transcription factors, steroidogenic factor 1 (

9850: 9845: 9840: 8140: 8135: 7686: 5763: 5681: 5669: 4745: 3787:"Familial case with sequence variant in the testis-determining region associated with two sex phenotypes" 2453:

Knower KC, Kelly S, Harley VR (2003). "Turning on the male--SRY, SOX9 and sex determination in mammals".

5876: 4874: 1764: 1695:

Characterized by a body that has 46:XX Karyotype and SRY attaches to one of them through translocation.

3104: 357: 256: 9885: 9807: 9292: 6173: 6158: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6037: 6012: 5888: 5800: 5790: 4947: 4420: 4206: 2982:

Herbarth B, Pingault V, Bondurand N, Kuhlbrodt K, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Puliti A, et al. (1998).

1782: 147: 4297: 1269: 350: 249: 9835: 9772: 9034: 8669: 8185: 7758: 7597: 6532: 6527: 6512: 5987: 5962: 5844: 5795: 5588: 4979: 4445: 4174: 4164: 2904: 2537:

Sekido R, Lovell-Badge R (January 2009). "Sex determination and SRY: down to a wink and a nudge?".

1833: 1622:

inherit a normal Y chromosome and multiple X chromosomes, giving them a karyotype of XXY. Atypical

1554: 1401: 168: 17: 1318:. Monotremes lack SRY and some of their sex chromosomes share homology with bird sex chromosomes. 9399: 7440: 6757: 5871: 5859: 1168: 4180: 3925:

Berkovitz GD, Fechner PY, Zacur HW, Rock JA, Snyder HM, Migeon CJ, et al. (November 1991).

3536:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 511. pp. 1–13, discussion 13–4. 3152:

Elsas LJ, Ljungqvist A, Ferguson-Smith MA, Simpson JL, Genel M, Carlson AS, et al. (2000).

1769:

One of the most controversial uses of this discovery was as a means for sex verification at the

1047: 1026: 1000: 979: 9790: 9776: 9530: 7577: 7572: 5967: 5864: 5659: 5620: 4683: 4332: 1740: 1546: 1397: 1225: 3705:

Ferrari S, Harley VR, Pontiggia A, Goodfellow PN, Lovell-Badge R, Bianchi ME (December 1992).

3604:

Polanco JC, Koopman P (February 2007). "Sry and the hesitant beginnings of male development".

3501:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 244. pp. 57–66, discussion 66–7, 79–85, 253–7. 2745:

Polanco JC, Koopman P (February 2007). "Sry and the hesitant beginnings of male development".

1681:

Individuals have normally formed uteri and fallopian tubes, but the gonads are not functional.

9522: 9082: 5881: 5817: 5812: 5625: 4701: 2896: 1627: 1623: 1366: 3268:"Knockout of the HMG domain of the porcine SRY gene causes sex reversal in gene-edited pigs" 2782:"Ovaries and female phenotype in a girl with 46,XY karyotype and mutations in the CBX2 gene" 1658:

Inherit a normal Y chromosome and multiple X chromosomes, giving persons a karyotype of XXY.

9970: 9819: 9103: 9095: 6933: 6415: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5610: 5493: 4328: 4199: 4067: 4022: 3977: 3889: 3397: 3338: 3279: 2995: 2935: 2177: 2121: 1945: 1795: 1778: 1748: 1744: 1619: 1530: 1157: 232: 28: 2922:

Dewing P, Chiang CW, Sinchak K, Sim H, Fernagut PO, Kelly S, et al. (February 2006).

1480:

are in a bipotential state, meaning they possess the ability to become either male cells (

1460:

transcription is not clear, but FOG2 and GATA4 mutants have significantly lower levels of

653:

transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding

8: 9417: 9121: 8817: 7020: 6225: 5807: 5785: 5758: 5720: 5654: 3325:

Kato T, Miyata K, Sonobe M, Yamashita S, Tamano M, Miura K, et al. (November 2013).

2902: 2211:

Veyrunes F, Waters PD, Miethke P, Rens W, McMillan D, Alsop AE, et al. (June 2008).

1514: 1377: 1339: 1338:

differs between species. The gene sequence also changes; while the core of the gene, the

1245: 1153: 188: 9741: 4160: 4071: 4026: 3981: 3893: 3670:

Hawkins JR, Taylor A, Goodfellow PN, Migeon CJ, Smith KD, Berkovitz GD (November 1992).

3438: 3401: 3342: 3283: 2999: 2939: 2864:"SRY interacts with and negatively regulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity" 2181: 2125: 2013: 1988: 1949: 8955: 4091: 4046: 4001: 3956: 3913: 3803: 3786: 3773: 3722: 3688: 3671: 3658: 3592: 3485: 3359: 3326: 3302: 3267: 2961: 2806: 2781: 2601: 2576: 2505: 2478: 2378: 2353: 2329: 2237: 2212: 2193: 2145: 2026: 1969: 192: 3731: 3706: 2133: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 703: 698: 693: 688: 672: 667: 662: 657: 647: 642: 637: 8537: 8528: 8165: 7113: 5854: 5849: 4185: 4141: 4120: 4083: 4038: 3993: 3948: 3943: 3926: 3905: 3867: 3863: 3838: 3808: 3765: 3736: 3693: 3650: 3621: 3584: 3555: 3545: 3520: 3510: 3497:

Harley VR (2002). "The Molecular Action of Testis-Determining Factors SRY and SOX9".

3477: 3442: 3413: 3364: 3307: 3216: 3211: 3194: 3175: 3170: 3153: 3061: 3023: 3018: 2983: 2953: 2885: 2844: 2834: 2811: 2762: 2647: 2606: 2554: 2519: 2509: 2470: 2435: 2383: 2333: 2321: 2283: 2242: 2213:"Bird-like sex chromosomes of platypus imply recent origin of mammal sex chromosomes" 2137: 2072: 2018: 1961: 1724: 1586: 1493: 1179: 140: 72: 3960: 3777: 3596: 3489: 2482: 2197: 2149: 2030: 1545:

to SRY, facilitating its import into the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, SRY and SF1 (

9814: 7064: 7046: 5615: 5562: 5336: 4112: 4095: 4075: 4050: 4030: 4005: 3985: 3938: 3917: 3897: 3859: 3830: 3798: 3757: 3726: 3718: 3683: 3662: 3642: 3613: 3576: 3537: 3502: 3467: 3434: 3405: 3354: 3346: 3297: 3287: 3206: 3165: 3053: 3013: 3003: 2965: 2943: 2875: 2801: 2793: 2754: 2668: 2637: 2596: 2588: 2546: 2501: 2462: 2425: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2313: 2273: 2232: 2224: 2185: 2129: 2062: 2008: 2000: 1973: 1953: 1639: 1574: 1513:

The SRY protein consists of three main regions. The central region encompasses the

1489: 1477: 1293: 437: 368: 312: 267: 172: 9205: 8428: 8298: 7462: 3057: 1798:, but this was later followed by other forms of testing based on hormone levels. 1237: 412: 196: 3785:

Vilain E, McElreavey K, Jaubert F, Raymond JP, Richaud F, Fellous M (May 1992).

3617: 3541: 2758: 1923:

National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine

1905:

National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine

1373:, where the opposite sex is produced. Because there is little conservation, the 9867: 9302: 7582: 7565: 5708: 5363: 4360: 3272:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2797: 1752: 1635: 513: 4133: 3834: 3580: 3425:

Goodfellow PN, Lovell-Badge R (1993). "SRY and sex determination in mammals".

2948: 2923: 2848: 2550: 2317: 2189: 2004: 9954: 9906: 9860: 8160: 7500: 5925: 5713: 5041: 3130: 2352:

Ely D, Underwood A, Dunphy G, Boehme S, Turner M, Milsted A (November 2010).

2092: 1770: 1736: 1529:

domain can be phosphorylated to enhance DNA-binding. The process begins with

624: 3472: 3455: 3409: 3292: 1538: 1537:

of the nuclear localization signal regions, which allows for the binding of

573: 451: 9921: 9877: 9872: 9710: 9022: 8905: 8897: 8268: 8224: 7227: 7075: 4145: 4116: 3625: 3588: 3567:

Oh HJ, Lau YF (March 2006). "KRAB: a partner for SRY action on chromatin".

3559: 3524: 3506: 3368: 3311: 3220: 3179: 3065: 3008: 2957: 2924:"Direct regulation of adult brain function by the male-specific factor SRY" 2889: 2880: 2863: 2815: 2766: 2651: 2610: 2558: 2523: 2474: 2439: 2387: 2325: 2287: 2278: 2261: 2246: 2141: 2076: 2022: 1481: 1425: 1370: 1297: 1265: 1261: 1229: 1194: 1130: 430: 209: 4124: 4087: 4042: 3997: 3952: 3909: 3871: 3842: 3812: 3769: 3740: 3697: 3654: 3481: 3446: 3417: 3193:

Dickinson BD, Genel M, Robinowitz CB, Turner PL, Woods GL (October 2002).

3027: 2780:

Biason-Lauber A, Konrad D, Meyer M, DeBeaufort C, Schoenle EJ (May 2009).

2168:

Bakloushinskaya, I Y (2009). "Evolution of sex determination in mammals".

1965: 1111: 1106: 652: 595: 9394: 8997: 7477: 7192: 7157: 5546: 5351: 5346: 4789: 4593: 4588: 4484: 4364: 3532:

Jordan BK, Vilain E (2002). "SRY and the Genetics of Sex Determination".

2592: 2430: 2413: 1534: 1485: 1385: 1257: 954: 935: 4134:"Nonsyndromic 46,XX Testicular Disorders/Differences of Sex Development" 673:

DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

9706: 9657: 9129: 8733: 8642: 8622: 8595: 7942: 7691: 7540: 7528: 7523: 6522: 6517: 5281: 5276: 5254: 5120: 4938: 4642: 4583: 4578: 4558: 3761: 3646: 2228: 2067: 2050: 1542: 1526: 1522: 1476:

During gestation, the cells of the primordial gonad that lie along the

1381: 1307: 329: 226: 176: 3350: 2642: 2625: 2466: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 9580: 9570: 9553: 9027: 8800: 8046: 5751: 5180: 4838: 4327: 4079: 4034: 3989: 3901: 2833:(Eleventh ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited. 1989:"Sex determination in mammals--before and after the evolution of SRY" 1957: 1615: 1327: 1323: 1311: 1217: 1206: 1183: 809: 663:

DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

396: 383: 295: 282: 184: 3265: 3151: 1125: 9911: 9047: 7187: 5746: 5703: 4755: 3327:"Production of Sry knockout mouse using TALEN via oocyte injection" 1732: 1350: 1345:, is conserved between species, other regions of the gene are not. 1248:. These cords form in the central part of the yet-undifferentiated 1241: 1210: 1198: 1095: 8825: 2981: 2903:

Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (2008).

2779: 9447: 9427: 9422: 9134: 7108: 6892: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4782: 4777: 4102: 1342: 921: 876: 794: 790: 3849: 3704: 3079: 2498:

GATA Transcription Factors in the Developing Reproductive System

164: 41:

Protein that initiates male sex determination in therian mammals

9628: 9623: 9618: 9608: 9603: 9322: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8128: 8123: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7975: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7935: 7849: 7844: 7632: 7627: 7607: 7602: 7592: 7587: 7425: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7287: 7237: 7232: 6995: 6915: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6702: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6620: 6608: 6603: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6241: 6236: 6208: 6203: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6163: 6151: 6146: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5473: 5400: 5368: 5311: 5306: 5093: 5088: 5083: 4967: 4772: 4662: 4657: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4546: 1315: 1253: 1187: 1175: 1172: 1079: 831: 604: 4191: 3784: 3192: 1456:

by associating with its promoter. How these proteins regulate

9889: 9672: 9650: 9645: 9613: 9502: 9497: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9376: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9198: 9193: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9108: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8977: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8882: 8835: 8830: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8738: 8513: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8448: 8438: 8433: 8418: 8413: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8323: 8318: 8308: 8303: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8170: 8145: 8113: 8106: 8101: 8007: 7985: 7980: 7952: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7810: 7805: 7750: 7743: 7738: 7723: 7696: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7182: 7177: 7002: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6943: 6938: 6737: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6598: 6588: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6556: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6325: 6320: 6219: 6198: 6193: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 5249: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4974: 4962: 4912: 4892: 4833: 4821: 4816: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4637: 4568: 4541: 4536: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4489: 4477: 4472: 4450: 4440: 4435: 4425: 3747: 3669: 1609: 1449: 1249: 4181:

OMIM entries on 46,XX Testicular Disorder of Sex Development

3632: 3043: 2577:"Male sex determination: insights into molecular mechanisms" 9699: 9694: 9689: 9679: 9667: 9662: 9509: 9492: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9317: 9312: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9161: 9055: 9017: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8965: 8857: 8850: 8845: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8681: 8674: 8664: 8659: 8647: 8637: 8632: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8180: 8155: 8150: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8022: 8017: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7728: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7560: 7545: 7535: 7511: 7506: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7467: 7455: 7450: 7394: 7389: 7167: 7152: 7147: 7135: 7130: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6797: 6732: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6408: 6403: 6347: 6342: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6290: 6285: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6253: 6248: 6231: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6007: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5356: 5341: 5318: 5291: 5264: 5259: 5224: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5175: 5170: 5160: 5150: 5100: 5058: 5053: 5036: 5031: 5026: 4924: 4919: 4907: 4865: 4860: 4850: 4765: 4760: 4750: 4669: 4652: 4615: 4603: 4598: 4573: 4531: 4460: 4455: 4430: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4383: 1599: 1502: 1498: 1434: 1408:), to the human promoter sequence, influence expression of 1302: 1233: 1164: 1129:

In humans, the SRY gene is located on short (p) arm of the

3967: 3878: 1935: 9771: 9341: 8970: 8960: 8840: 8236: 7793: 7142: 6593: 6330: 5824: 5296: 5125: 5115: 5110: 4902: 4897: 3924: 3324: 2210: 1405: 1221: 1190: 765:

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

760:

negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

4136:. In Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al. (eds.). 3819: 2495: 2351: 2044: 2042: 2040: 420: 5542: 4057: 2574: 2500:. Advances in Genetics. Vol. 76. pp. 93–134. 2411: 2051:"Sry: the master switch in mammalian sex determination" 55: 4012: 3424: 3386: 3097: 2921: 1678:

Characterized by an XY karyotype and female phenotype.

2259: 2037: 1818: 585: 3823:

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

1448:

There is also evidence that GATA binding protein 4 (

1310:. This duplication occurred after the split between 9471: 2412:Harley VR, Clarkson MJ, Argentaro A (August 2003). 740:

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

2623: 2575:McClelland K, Bowles J, Koopman P (January 2012). 2536: 2354:"Review of the Y chromosome, Sry and hypertension" 2163: 2161: 2159: 2090:Mittwoch U (October 1988). "The race to be male". 1986: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1592: 1334:in their sex determination process, the action of 3240:. International Olympic Committee. 22 June 2012. 2452: 2260:Bowles J, Schepers G, Koopman P (November 2000). 1698:Individuals have XX karyotype and male phenotype. 1232:of other transcription factors, most importantly 1228:, SRY acts as a transcription factor that causes 367: 266: 9952: 7042: 3707:"SRY, like HMG1, recognizes sharp angles in DNA" 3195:"Gender verification of female Olympic athletes" 2167: 2048: 1987:Wallis MC, Waters PD, Graves JA (October 2008). 1279: 755:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II 3123:"The Major Medical Blunder of the 20th Century" 2988:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2570: 2568: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2156: 1872: 1851: 1167:that is responsible for the initiation of male 3603: 3080:"OMIM Entry – # 114290 – CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA" 2862:Yuan X, Lu ML, Li T, Balk SP (December 2001). 2744: 2720:"46,XX testicular disorder of sex development" 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 1884:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000069036 1751:(CD). This missense mutation causes defective 9757: 9732:transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies 8803:β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts 4313: 4207: 3499:The Genetics and Biology of Sex Determination 3116: 3114: 2496:Zaytouni T, Efimenko EE, Tevosian SG (2011). 2489: 745:positive regulation of male gonad development 3531: 3235:"IOC Regulations on Female Hyperandrogenism" 3186: 3145: 3039: 3037: 2915: 2861: 2855: 2773: 2738: 2617: 2565: 2446: 2340: 2204: 2083: 1561:gene. SOX9 binding to the enhancer near the 4131: 3199:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2977: 2975: 2828: 2394: 2110: 1980: 1863:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184895 1758: 1525:domain has no conserved structure, and the 1353:that fused with the original Y chromosome. 1224:-binding proteins. When complexed with the 9764: 9750: 4320: 4306: 4214: 4200: 3456:"Mutational analysis of SRY in XY females" 3111: 2089: 1610:SRY disorders' influence on sex expression 725:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated 27:"SRY" redirects here. For other uses, see 4173:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 4163:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 3942: 3802: 3730: 3687: 3471: 3358: 3301: 3291: 3210: 3169: 3120: 3034: 3017: 3007: 2947: 2879: 2805: 2641: 2600: 2429: 2377: 2299: 2297: 2277: 2236: 2066: 2012: 1714: 638:DNA-binding transcription factor activity 3154:"Gender verification of female athletes" 2972: 2049:Kashimada K, Koopman P (December 2010). 1521:and acts as the DNA-binding domain. The 1508: 1205:with varying effects on an individual's 1124: 3453: 2626:"Genetic control of testis development" 1452:) and FOG2 contribute to activation of 1156:(also known as gene-regulatory protein/ 14: 9953: 9803:Development of the reproductive system 3496: 2303: 2294: 1661:Persons with this are considered male. 775:positive regulation of gene expression 9745: 9470: 8799: 7041: 5541: 4344: 4343: 4301: 4195: 4140:. University of Washington, Seattle. 3566: 2663: 2661: 1565:promoter allows for the synthesis of 372: 333: 328: 271: 230: 225: 3569:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 3129:. facius-homepage.dk. Archived from 2911:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 1993:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 1929: 1773:, under a system implemented by the 5486:(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) 3439:10.1146/annurev.ge.27.120193.000443 3247:from the original on 13 August 2012 2868:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1801: 1260:of the testis then start secreting 24: 3791:American Journal of Human Genetics 3723:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05551.x 3676:American Journal of Human Genetics 3379: 2786:American Journal of Human Genetics 2658: 2506:10.1016/B978-0-12-386481-9.00004-3 1819:Fetal development- knockout models 1573:gene allows for the production of 1240:causes the development of primary 770:central nervous system development 25: 9987: 4154: 2905:"Androgen insensitivity syndrome" 2624:Sekido R, Lovell-Badge R (2013). 9935: 9934: 4277: 4262: 4247: 4232: 4171:Sex-Determining+Region+Y+Protein 3944:10.1097/00005792-199111000-00003 3212:10.1097/00005768-200210000-00001 3205:(10): 1539–42, discussion 1543. 3171:10.1097/00125817-200007000-00008 1839:Sexual differentiation in humans 1585:. SOX9 protein then initiates a 1274:secondary sexual characteristics 1201:in this gene lead to a range of 1138:Sex-determining region Y protein 594: 356: 349: 343: 320: 255: 248: 242: 217: 54: 36:Sexual differentiation in humans 9473:(0) Other transcription factors 8757:transcriptional enhancer factor 4374:Activating transcription factor 4221: 3318: 3259: 3227: 3072: 2822: 2712: 2687: 2530: 2455:Cytogenetic and Genome Research 2253: 1775:International Olympic Committee 1729:androgen insensitivity syndrome 1593:SOX9 and testes differentiation 2831:Human Anatomy & Physiology 2370:10.1016/j.steroids.2009.10.015 2104: 1911: 1893: 1519:nuclear localization sequences 605:More reference expression data 574:More reference expression data 34:For a broader background, see 13: 1: 8687:Interferon regulatory factors 6926:(2.5) Alternating composition 6122:General transcription factors 2134:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01621-X 1844: 1813:chromatin immunoprecipitation 1517:(HMG) domain, which contains 1404:) and Wilms tumor protein 1 ( 1356: 1280:Gene evolution and regulation 536:epithelium of small intestine 341: 240: 9917:Disorders of sex development 7972:Octamer transcription factor 4680:(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix 4132:Délot EC, Vilain EJ (1993). 3864:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90164-N 3058:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.001 3046:Trends in Molecular Medicine 1792:American Medical Association 1786:have either partial or full 1445:by recruiting corepressors. 1388:. In vitro studies of human 1284: 1203:disorders of sex development 735:transcription, DNA-templated 643:transcription factor binding 7: 9961:Genes on human chromosome Y 4746:Myogenic regulatory factors 3618:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.049 3542:10.1007/978-1-4615-0621-8_1 3534:Pediatric Gender Assignment 3121:Facius GM (1 August 2004). 2829:Marieb EN, Hoehn K (2018). 2759:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.049 1827: 1471: 1244:, which later develop into 10: 9992: 2798:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.016 2581:Asian Journal of Andrology 1765:Sex verification in sports 1762: 1735:-related diseases such as 1569:while SOX9 binding to the 1400:), specificity protein 1 ( 33: 26: 9976:Sex-determination systems 9930: 9899: 9828: 9783: 9727: 9589: 9549: 9518: 9483: 9479: 9466: 9408: 9385: 9367: 9117: 9091: 9043: 8946: 8893: 8813: 8809: 8795: 8747: 8566:(3.5) Tryptophan clusters 8564: 8524: 8220: 8037: 7677: 7403: 7091: 7072: 7060: 7056: 7037: 7011: 6924: 6903: 6105: 6025: 5996: 5976: 5951: 5914: 5833: 5729: 5577: 5558: 5554: 5537: 5484: 5429: 5327: 5237: 5213: 5136: 5069: 4933: 4883: 4692: 4678: 4356: 4352: 4339: 4227: 3835:10.1210/jcem.75.1.1619028 3581:10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.011 3427:Annual Review of Genetics 2949:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.017 2551:10.1016/j.tig.2008.10.008 2318:10.1007/s12041-015-0572-3 2190:10.1134/S1062359009020095 2005:10.1007/s00018-008-8109-z 1919:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1901:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1193:-determining gene on the 1146:testis-determining factor 1110: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1078: 1059: 1044: 1040: 1023: 1019: 1012: 997: 993: 976: 972: 965: 952: 948: 933: 929: 920: 907: 903: 888: 884: 875: 862: 858: 843: 839: 830: 815: 808: 804: 788: 623: 619: 602: 593: 584: 571: 520: 511: 458: 449: 419: 411: 407: 390: 377: 340: 319: 310: 306: 289: 276: 239: 216: 207: 203: 158: 155: 145: 138: 133: 98: 93: 76: 71: 66: 62: 53: 48: 9836:Sex-determination system 9387:(4.10) Cold-shock domain 4175:Medical Subject Headings 4165:Medical Subject Headings 3105:"Olympic Gender Testing" 1834:Sex-determination system 1759:Use in Olympic screening 1555:prostaglandin D synthase 1488:cells) or female cells ( 1402:Sp1 transcription factor 1386:translational start site 466:tendon of biceps brachii 4333:intracellular receptors 3473:10.1002/humu.1380020504 3410:10.1126/science.7985018 3293:10.1073/pnas.2008743118 2909:Genetics Home Reference 2724:Genetics Home Reference 2673:Genetics Home Reference 1384:(bp) upstream from the 1292:may have arisen from a 1218:SOX (SRY-like box) gene 1216:SRY is a member of the 9884:Sex determining gene: 9791:Sexual differentiation 4117:10.1006/geno.1995.1047 3507:10.1002/0470868732.ch6 3009:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5161 2881:10.1074/jbc.M108404200 2279:10.1006/dbio.2000.9883 1788:androgen insensitivity 1719:SRY has been shown to 1715:Role in other diseases 1547:steroidogenic factor 1 1270:anti-Müllerian hormone 1134: 780:neuron differentiation 750:male sex determination 9966:Transcription factors 9856:Temperature-dependent 9096:TATA-binding proteins 4329:Transcription factors 3606:Developmental Biology 2747:Developmental Biology 2266:Developmental Biology 1763:Further information: 1624:genetic recombination 1509:Action in the nucleus 1367:sequence conservation 1128: 1072:Chr Y: 2.66 – 2.66 Mb 1065:Chr Y: 2.79 – 2.79 Mb 9820:Paramesonephric duct 3158:Genetics in Medicine 2695:"XX Male Syndrome {" 2593:10.1038/aja.2011.169 2431:10.1210/er.2002-0025 1796:2000 Summer Olympics 1779:1996 Summer Olympics 1749:campomelic dysplasia 1745:Hirschsprung disease 1652:Klinefelter Syndrome 1620:Klinefelter syndrome 1553:gene as well as the 1531:nuclear localization 1252:, turning it into a 1246:seminiferous tubules 1158:transcription factor 720:cell differentiation 498:right adrenal cortex 335:Y chromosome (mouse) 233:Y chromosome (human) 94:List of PDB id codes 67:Available structures 29:SRY (disambiguation) 9591:(0.6) Miscellaneous 9122:High-mobility group 8818:Rel homology region 5808:Testicular receptor 5549:DNA-binding domains 4072:1989Natur.337...81E 4027:1990Natur.348..452J 3982:1990Natur.348..448B 3894:1990Natur.346..240S 3454:Hawkins JR (1993). 3402:1994Sci...266.1494H 3343:2013NatSR...3E3136K 3284:2021PNAS..11808743K 3000:1998PNAS...95.5161H 2940:2006CBio...16..415D 2306:Journal of Genetics 2182:2009BioBu..36..167B 2126:1999FEBSL.463..129K 1950:1990Natur.348..448B 1741:Parkinson's disease 1647: 1515:high-mobility group 1340:high-mobility group 1154:DNA-binding protein 730:sex differentiation 482:islet of Langerhans 8956:p53 p63 p73 family 8529:Heat shock factors 3762:10.1007/BF00220457 3647:10.1007/BF00215684 3396:(5190): 1494–500. 3331:Scientific Reports 3133:on 26 January 2010 2630:Sexual Development 2539:Trends in Genetics 2229:10.1101/gr.7101908 2068:10.1242/dev.048983 1646: 1306:, a member of the 1256:. The now-induced 1135: 910:ENSMUSG00000069036 713:Biological process 682:Cellular component 648:calmodulin binding 631:Molecular function 548:supraoptic nucleus 9948: 9947: 9773:Sex determination 9739: 9738: 9723: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9457: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8033: 8032: 7673: 7672: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7028: 6021: 6020: 5877:Mineralocorticoid 5533: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5233: 5232: 4346:(1) Basic domains 4295: 4294: 3551:978-1-4613-5162-7 3516:978-0-470-86873-7 3351:10.1038/srep03136 2840:978-0-13-458099-9 2643:10.1159/000342221 2467:10.1159/000074336 2418:Endocrine Reviews 1725:androgen receptor 1704: 1703: 1587:positive feedback 1180:placental mammals 1169:sex determination 1160:) encoded by the 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1090: 1089: 1055: 1054: 1034: 1033: 1008: 1007: 987: 986: 961: 960: 942: 941: 916: 915: 897: 896: 871: 870: 852: 851: 800: 799: 615: 614: 611: 610: 580: 579: 567: 566: 505: 504: 403: 402: 302: 301: 129: 128: 125: 124: 77:Ortholog search: 16:(Redirected from 9983: 9938: 9937: 9815:Mesonephric duct 9766: 9759: 9752: 9743: 9742: 9563:-related factors 9481: 9480: 9468: 9467: 9369:(4.9) Grainyhead 8811: 8810: 8797: 8796: 8749:(3.6) TEA domain 8039:(3.2) Paired box 7680: 7414: 7408: 7102: 7096: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7079: 7070: 7069: 7058: 7057: 7047:Helix-turn-helix 7039: 7038: 6001: 5981: 5956: 5919: 5889:Estrogen related 5838: 5734: 5582: 5575: 5574: 5563:Nuclear receptor 5556: 5555: 5539: 5538: 5218: 5139: 5072: 4941: 4886: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4354: 4353: 4341: 4340: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4299: 4298: 4281: 4266: 4251: 4236: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4193: 4192: 4149: 4128: 4099: 4080:10.1038/337081a0 4054: 4035:10.1038/348452a0 4009: 3990:10.1038/348448A0 3976:(6300): 448–50. 3964: 3946: 3921: 3902:10.1038/346240a0 3875: 3846: 3816: 3806: 3781: 3744: 3734: 3717:(12): 4497–506. 3711:The EMBO Journal 3701: 3691: 3666: 3629: 3600: 3563: 3528: 3493: 3475: 3450: 3421: 3373: 3372: 3362: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3305: 3295: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3246: 3239: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3214: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3173: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3011: 2994:(9): 5161–5165. 2979: 2970: 2969: 2951: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2883: 2874:(49): 46647–54. 2859: 2853: 2852: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2809: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2699:encyclopedia.com 2691: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2669:"Swyer syndrome" 2665: 2656: 2655: 2645: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2604: 2572: 2563: 2562: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2433: 2409: 2392: 2391: 2381: 2349: 2338: 2337: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2281: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2240: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2170:Biology Bulletin 2165: 2154: 2153: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2070: 2046: 2035: 2034: 2016: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1958:10.1038/348448A0 1944:(6300): 448–50. 1933: 1927: 1926: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1897: 1891: 1881: 1870: 1860: 1802:Ongoing research 1689:XX Male Syndrome 1648: 1645: 1640:XX male syndrome 1575:prostaglandin D2 1478:urogenital ridge 1294:gene duplication 1133:at position 11.2 1103: 1102: 1074: 1067: 1050: 1038: 1037: 1029: 1017: 1016: 1013:RefSeq (protein) 1003: 991: 990: 982: 970: 969: 946: 945: 927: 926: 901: 900: 882: 881: 856: 855: 837: 836: 806: 805: 621: 620: 607: 598: 591: 590: 576: 544:Ileal epithelium 516: 514:Top expressed in 509: 508: 494:ventricular zone 454: 452:Top expressed in 447: 446: 426: 425: 409: 408: 399: 386: 375: 360: 353: 347: 336: 324: 308: 307: 298: 285: 274: 259: 252: 246: 235: 221: 205: 204: 199: 150: 143: 120: 91: 90: 85: 64: 63: 58: 46: 45: 21: 9991: 9990: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9982: 9981: 9980: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9944: 9926: 9895: 9824: 9779: 9777:differentiation 9770: 9740: 9735: 9715: 9585: 9545: 9514: 9475: 9454: 9404: 9381: 9363: 9113: 9087: 9039: 8942: 8889: 8805: 8783: 8743: 8560: 8520: 8216: 8029: 7678: 7669: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7081: 7080: 7073: 7052: 7025: 7007: 6920: 6908: 6899: 6114: 6110: 6101: 6030: 6027:(2.2) Other Cys 6017: 5997: 5992: 5977: 5972: 5952: 5947: 5915: 5910: 5845:Steroid hormone 5834: 5829: 5730: 5725: 5589:Thyroid hormone 5578: 5569: 5550: 5525: 5480: 5425: 5323: 5229: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5137: 5132: 5070: 5065: 4936: 4934: 4929: 4884: 4879: 4693: 4674: 4348: 4335: 4326: 4296: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4273: 4267: 4258: 4252: 4243: 4237: 4223: 4220: 4157: 4152: 4021:(6300): 452–4. 3888:(6281): 240–4. 3552: 3517: 3382: 3380:Further reading 3377: 3376: 3323: 3319: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3191: 3187: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3119: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3042: 3035: 2980: 2973: 2928:Current Biology 2920: 2916: 2901: 2897: 2860: 2856: 2841: 2827: 2823: 2778: 2774: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2622: 2618: 2573: 2566: 2535: 2531: 2516: 2494: 2490: 2461:(3–4): 185–98. 2451: 2447: 2410: 2395: 2350: 2341: 2302: 2295: 2258: 2254: 2217:Genome Research 2209: 2205: 2166: 2157: 2120:(1–2): 129–32. 2109: 2105: 2088: 2084: 2061:(23): 3921–30. 2047: 2038: 1999:(20): 3182–95. 1985: 1981: 1934: 1930: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1882: 1873: 1861: 1852: 1847: 1830: 1821: 1804: 1783:false positives 1767: 1761: 1717: 1612: 1595: 1584: 1580: 1511: 1474: 1359: 1287: 1282: 1112:View/Edit Mouse 1107:View/Edit Human 1070: 1063: 1060:Location (UCSC) 1046: 1025: 999: 978: 891:ENSG00000184895 784: 708: 677: 668:protein binding 603: 572: 563: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 528:ascending aorta 526: 512: 501: 496: 492: 488: 486:Achilles tendon 484: 480: 478:skin of abdomen 476: 472: 468: 464: 450: 394: 381: 373: 363: 362: 361: 354: 334: 311:Gene location ( 293: 280: 272: 262: 261: 260: 253: 231: 208:Gene location ( 197:SRY - orthologs 159: 146: 139: 100: 78: 42: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9989: 9979: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9942: 9931: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9875: 9868:Sex chromosome 9865: 9864: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9832: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9811: 9810: 9800: 9799: 9798: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9780: 9769: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9746: 9737: 9736: 9728: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9682: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9655: 9654: 9653: 9648: 9638: 9633: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9595: 9593: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9567: 9565: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9489: 9487: 9477: 9476: 9464: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9414: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9402: 9397: 9391: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9373: 9371: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9334: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9132: 9126: 9124: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9098: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9079: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9052: 9050: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8952: 8950: 8948:(4.3) p53-like 8944: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8902: 8900: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8822: 8820: 8807: 8806: 8793: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8781: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8753: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8684: 8679: 8678: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8625: 8620: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8570: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8533: 8531: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8233: 8231: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8173: 8168: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8043: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8010: 8005: 8004: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7950: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7815: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7798: 7797: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7753: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7683: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7575: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7509: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7460: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7417: 7415: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7166:extended Hox: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7105: 7103: 7086: 7067: 7054: 7053: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7017: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5984: 5982: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5922: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5872:Glucocorticoid 5869: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5852: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5737: 5735: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5585: 5583: 5572: 5567: 5552: 5551: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5490: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5435: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5333: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5262: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5142: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5007: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4977: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4895: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4853: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4698: 4696: 4687: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4370: 4368: 4361:leucine zipper 4350: 4349: 4337: 4336: 4325: 4324: 4317: 4310: 4302: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4276: 4274: 4268: 4261: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4178: 4168: 4156: 4155:External links 4153: 4151: 4150: 4129: 4100: 4066:(6202): 81–4. 4055: 4010: 3965: 3922: 3876: 3847: 3817: 3797:(5): 1008–11. 3782: 3750:Human Genetics 3745: 3702: 3667: 3635:Human Genetics 3630: 3601: 3575:(1–2): 47–52. 3564: 3550: 3529: 3515: 3494: 3460:Human Mutation 3451: 3422: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3317: 3258: 3226: 3185: 3144: 3127:Gender Testing 3110: 3096: 3071: 3052:(3): 166–174. 3033: 2971: 2914: 2895: 2854: 2839: 2821: 2772: 2737: 2711: 2686: 2657: 2636:(1–3): 21–32. 2616: 2564: 2529: 2514: 2488: 2445: 2393: 2364:(11): 747–53. 2339: 2293: 2252: 2203: 2176:(2): 167–174. 2155: 2103: 2100:(1635): 38–42. 2082: 2036: 1979: 1928: 1910: 1892: 1871: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1803: 1800: 1760: 1757: 1753:chondrogenesis 1716: 1713: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1669:Swyer Syndrome 1665: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1636:Swyer syndrome 1611: 1608: 1594: 1591: 1582: 1578: 1510: 1507: 1473: 1470: 1358: 1355: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1226:(SF-1) protein 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1076: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 995: 994: 988: 985: 984: 974: 973: 967: 963: 962: 959: 958: 950: 949: 943: 940: 939: 931: 930: 924: 918: 917: 914: 913: 905: 904: 898: 895: 894: 886: 885: 879: 873: 872: 869: 868: 860: 859: 853: 850: 849: 841: 840: 834: 828: 827: 822: 817: 813: 812: 802: 801: 798: 797: 786: 785: 783: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 716: 714: 710: 709: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 683: 679: 678: 676: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 634: 632: 628: 627: 617: 616: 613: 612: 609: 608: 600: 599: 588: 582: 581: 578: 577: 569: 568: 565: 564: 562: 561: 560:lacrimal gland 557: 553: 552:salivary gland 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 518: 517: 506: 503: 502: 500: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456: 455: 443: 442: 434: 423: 417: 416: 413:RNA expression 405: 404: 401: 400: 392: 388: 387: 379: 376: 371: 365: 364: 355: 348: 342: 338: 337: 332: 326: 325: 317: 316: 304: 303: 300: 299: 291: 287: 286: 278: 275: 270: 264: 263: 254: 247: 241: 237: 236: 229: 223: 222: 214: 213: 201: 200: 157: 153: 152: 144: 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 96: 95: 87: 86: 75: 69: 68: 60: 59: 51: 50: 40: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9988: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9941: 9933: 9932: 9929: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9907:Hermaphrodite 9905: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9866: 9862: 9861:Haplodiploidy 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9829:Genetic basis 9827: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9801: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9767: 9762: 9760: 9755: 9753: 9748: 9747: 9744: 9734: 9733: 9726: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9687: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9656: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9558: 9555: 9552: 9548: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9524: 9523:Pocket domain 9521: 9517: 9511: 9508: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9486: 9485:(0.2) HMGI(Y) 9482: 9478: 9474: 9469: 9465: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9366: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9339: 9338: 9335: 9331: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9204: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9164: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8979: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8907: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8892: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8798: 8794: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8759: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8656: 8653: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8219: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8099: 8097: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7816: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7676: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7407: 7402: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7144: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7095: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6902: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6416:Sp/KLF family 6414: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6024: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5975: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5545: 5540: 5536: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5135: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5068: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4318: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4286: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4111:(2): 306–11. 4110: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3937:(6): 375–83. 3936: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858:(3): 838–40. 3857: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3682:(5): 979–84. 3681: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3466:(5): 347–50. 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3384: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3164:(4): 249–54. 3163: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3100: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2934:(4): 415–20. 2933: 2929: 2925: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2832: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2792:(5): 658–63. 2791: 2787: 2783: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2587:(1): 164–71. 2586: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2515:9780123864819 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2424:(4): 466–87. 2423: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2312:(4): 567–74. 2311: 2307: 2300: 2298: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2272:(2): 239–55. 2271: 2267: 2263: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223:(6): 965–73. 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2093:New Scientist 2086: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1983: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1825: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1771:Olympic Games 1766: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737:schizophrenia 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1712: 1708: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1686: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1590: 1588: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:Sertoli cells 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186:). SRY is an 1185: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1049: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1022: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1004: 1002: 996: 992: 989: 983: 981: 975: 971: 968: 966:RefSeq (mRNA) 964: 957: 956: 951: 947: 944: 938: 937: 932: 928: 925: 923: 919: 912: 911: 906: 902: 899: 893: 892: 887: 883: 880: 878: 874: 867: 866: 861: 857: 854: 848: 847: 842: 838: 835: 833: 829: 826: 823: 821: 818: 814: 811: 807: 803: 796: 792: 787: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 715: 712: 711: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 694:nuclear speck 692: 690: 687: 686: 684: 681: 680: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 633: 630: 629: 626: 625:Gene ontology 622: 618: 606: 601: 597: 592: 589: 587: 583: 575: 570: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522: 519: 515: 510: 507: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460: 457: 453: 448: 445: 444: 441: 439: 435: 433: 432: 428: 427: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 398: 393: 389: 385: 380: 370: 366: 359: 352: 346: 339: 331: 327: 323: 318: 314: 309: 305: 297: 292: 288: 284: 279: 269: 265: 258: 251: 245: 238: 234: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 154: 149: 142: 137: 132: 121: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 97: 92: 89: 88: 84: 81: 74: 70: 65: 61: 57: 52: 47: 44: 37: 30: 19: 9922:Sex reversal 9878:Y chromosome 9873:X chromosome 9729: 9684: 9640: 9598: 9590: 9562: 9556: 9550: 9519: 9484: 9472: 9409: 9386: 9368: 9336: 9307: 9188: 9118: 9092: 9044: 8947: 8894: 8814: 8802: 8756: 8748: 8654: 8600: 8573: 8565: 8536: 8525: 8269:FOX proteins 8229:winged helix 8221: 8192: 8175: 8118: 8038: 8012: 7890: 7856: 7839: 7817: 7800: 7733: 7701: 7555: 7518: 7499: 7445: 7411: 7405: 7099: 7093: 7082: 7076:Antennapedia 7074: 7061: 7049: 7043: 7012: 6970: 6948: 6925: 6904: 6662: 6615: 6561: 6507: 6420: 6398: 6376: 6354: 6337: 6295: 6224: 6106: 6074: 6026: 5998: 5978: 5953: 5916: 5882:Progesterone 5835: 5731: 5579: 5565: 5559: 5543: 5485: 5438: 5430: 5328: 5238: 5187: 5145: 5105: 5078: 5048: 5021: 4855: 4845: 4828: 4811: 4723: 4679: 4647: 4610: 4467: 4357: 4345: 4284: 4269: 4254: 4239: 4137: 4108: 4104: 4063: 4059: 4018: 4014: 3973: 3969: 3934: 3930: 3885: 3881: 3855: 3851: 3829:(1): 331–3. 3826: 3822: 3794: 3790: 3756:(4): 350–5. 3753: 3749: 3714: 3710: 3679: 3675: 3641:(4): 471–4. 3638: 3634: 3612:(1): 13–24. 3609: 3605: 3572: 3568: 3533: 3498: 3463: 3459: 3433:(1): 71–92. 3430: 3426: 3393: 3389: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3249:. Retrieved 3229: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3161: 3157: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3131:the original 3126: 3099: 3087:. Retrieved 3083: 3074: 3049: 3045: 2991: 2987: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2908: 2898: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2830: 2824: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2753:(1): 13–24. 2750: 2746: 2740: 2728:. Retrieved 2723: 2714: 2702:. Retrieved 2698: 2689: 2677:. Retrieved 2672: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2584: 2580: 2545:(1): 19–29. 2542: 2538: 2532: 2497: 2491: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2421: 2417: 2361: 2357: 2309: 2305: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2173: 2169: 2117: 2114:FEBS Letters 2113: 2106: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2058: 2054: 1996: 1992: 1982: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1822: 1805: 1768: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1688: 1668: 1651: 1632: 1613: 1604: 1596: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1512: 1475: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1438: 1430: 1426:zinc fingers 1421: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1393: 1389: 1374: 1371:sex reversal 1361: 1360: 1346: 1335: 1331: 1330:, which use 1319: 1301: 1298:X chromosome 1289: 1288: 1264:, while the 1262:testosterone 1258:Leydig cells 1230:upregulation 1215: 1195:Y chromosome 1161: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1131:Y chromosome 1122: 1045: 1024: 998: 977: 953: 934: 908: 889: 863: 844: 824: 819: 540:cumulus cell 532:aortic valve 470:right testis 436: 429: 374:Y|Ypter 156:External IDs 99: 43: 9971:Epigenetics 9410:(4.11) Runt 7065:Homeodomain 6663:zinc finger 5999:subfamily 0 5979:subfamily 6 5954:subfamily 5 5917:subfamily 4 5836:subfamily 3 5732:subfamily 2 5580:subfamily 1 5547:Zinc finger 4790:Neurogenins 4358:(1.1) Basic 4222:PDB gallery 4138:GeneReviews 3337:(1): 3136. 3089:29 February 2055:Development 1781:were ruled 1535:acetylation 1300:bound gene 699:nucleoplasm 658:DNA binding 524:ankle joint 490:skin of leg 474:left testis 134:Identifiers 9955:Categories 7943:POU domain 7083:ANTP class 7013:(2.6) WRKY 6296:GLI family 5431:(1.5) RF-X 5329:(1.4) NF-1 4161:Genes,+sry 2849:1004376412 1890:, May 2017 1869:, May 2017 1845:References 1809:microarray 1543:calmodulin 1539:importin β 1533:of SRY by 1527:N-terminal 1523:C-terminal 1492:cells and 1382:base pairs 1357:Regulation 1328:placentals 1324:marsupials 1312:monotremes 1308:SOX family 1276:of males. 1238:expression 1220:family of 1188:intronless 1184:marsupials 440:(ortholog) 395:2,663,658 382:2,662,471 294:2,787,682 281:2,786,855 177:HomoloGene 9888:(mammal) 9730:see also 9571:Apetala 2 8225:Fork head 6905:(2.4) Cys 6107:(2.3) Cys 4839:Scleraxis 2334:186238659 1723:with the 1628:crossover 1616:karyotype 1343:(HMG) box 1285:Evolution 1242:sex cords 1207:phenotype 1199:Mutations 1048:NP_035694 1027:NP_003131 1001:NM_011564 980:NM_003140 810:Orthologs 689:cytoplasm 185:GeneCards 9940:Category 9912:Intersex 9900:See also 9784:Overview 9048:MADS box 7188:Homeobox 7100:Hox-like 7094:protoHOX 5855:Estrogen 5850:Androgen 5704:Rev-ErbA 5242:bHLH-ZIP 5217:bHLH-COE 4756:Myogenin 4146:20301589 4105:Genomics 3961:37972412 3931:Medicine 3852:Genomics 3778:19470332 3626:16996051 3597:19870331 3589:16414182 3560:12575752 3525:11990798 3490:43503112 3369:24190364 3312:33443157 3251:9 August 3242:Archived 3221:12370551 3180:11252710 3084:omim.org 3066:21237710 2958:16488877 2890:11585838 2816:19361780 2767:16996051 2652:22964823 2611:22179516 2559:19027189 2524:22099693 2483:20940513 2475:14684982 2440:12920151 2388:19914267 2358:Steroids 2326:26690510 2288:11071752 2247:18463302 2198:36988324 2150:24519808 2142:10601652 2077:21062860 2031:31675679 2023:18581056 2014:11131626 1886:– 1865:– 1828:See also 1733:dopamine 1721:interact 1490:follicle 1472:Function 1378:promoter 1351:autosome 1316:therians 1268:produce 1211:genotype 1152:), is a 1096:Wikidata 789:Sources: 18:SRY gene 9892:(birds) 9448:RUNX1T1 9428:CBFA2T3 9423:CBFA2T2 9303:TCF/LEF 7412:NK-like 7406:metaHOX 7109:ParaHox 7050:domains 5741:COUP-TF 5215:Group F 5138:Group E 5071:Group D 4935:Group C 4885:Group B 4829:Paraxis 4694:Group A 4186:PDBe-KB 4125:7557997 4096:2890077 4088:2909893 4068:Bibcode 4051:4326539 4043:2247151 4023:Bibcode 4006:3336314 3998:2247149 3978:Bibcode 3953:1956279 3918:4364032 3910:1695712 3890:Bibcode 3872:1639410 3843:1619028 3813:1570829 3804:1682588 3770:1483689 3741:1425584 3698:1415266 3689:1682856 3663:9332496 3655:1339396 3482:8257986 3447:8122913 3418:7985018 3398:Bibcode 3390:Science 3360:3817445 3339:Bibcode 3303:7812820 3280:Bibcode 3137:12 June 3028:9560246 2996:Bibcode 2966:5939578 2936:Bibcode 2807:2680992 2730:3 March 2704:3 March 2679:3 March 2602:3735148 2379:2891862 2238:2413164 2178:Bibcode 2122:Bibcode 1974:3336314 1966:2247149 1946:Bibcode 1888:Ensembl 1867:Ensembl 1626:during 1482:Sertoli 1296:of the 1176:mammals 1173:therian 922:UniProt 877:Ensembl 816:Species 795:QuickGO 704:nucleus 556:condyle 415:pattern 141:Aliases 9808:gonads 9796:humans 8161:Bicoid 7426:BARHL2 7421:BARHL1 7003:JMJD1B 6916:HIVEP1 5401:I-SMAD 5369:R-SMAD 5287:MLXIPL 5042:Period 4968:ARNTL2 4773:NeuroD 4177:(MeSH) 4167:(MeSH) 4144: 4123: 4094: 4086: 4060:Nature 4049: 4041: 4015:Nature 4004: 3996: 3970:Nature 3959: 3951: 3916: 3908: 3882:Nature 3870: 3841: 3811: 3801: 3776: 3768: 3739: 3732:557025 3729: 3696: 3686: 3661: 3653: 3624: 3595: 3587: 3558: 3548: 3523: 3513: 3488: 3480: 3445: 3416: 3367: 3357: 3310: 3300: 3219: 3178: 3064: 3026: 3016: 2964: 2956: 2888: 2847: 2837: 2814: 2804: 2765: 2650: 2609: 2599: 2557: 2522: 2512: 2481: 2473: 2438: 2386: 2376: 2332: 2324: 2286: 2245: 2235: 2196: 2148: 2140: 2075: 2029: 2021: 2011: 1972: 1964: 1938:Nature 1559:Ptgds) 1486:Leydig 1254:testis 1236:. Its 1144:), or 1082:search 1080:PubMed 955:Q05738 936:Q05066 832:Entrez 586:BioGPS 273:Yp11.2 165:480000 9890:DMRT1 9711:Sigma 9576:EREBP 9560:EREBP 9551:(0.5) 9520:(0.3) 9443:RUNX3 9438:RUNX2 9433:RUNX1 9377:TFCP2 9298:SSRP1 9119:(4.7) 9109:TBPL1 9093:(4.6) 9045:(4.4) 8895:(4.2) 8836:NFKB2 8831:NFKB1 8826:NF-κB 8815:(4.1) 8739:MYBL2 8526:(3.4) 8222:(3.3) 8171:BICD2 8146:SHOX2 8114:PROP1 8098:PRRX 8008:SATB2 7953:BRN-3 7948:PIT-1 7840:PKNOX 7755:TALE 7751:NOBOX 7724:HESX1 7697:CUTL1 7679:other 7573:NANOG 7436:BARX2 7431:BARX1 7183:MEOX2 7178:MEOX1 7062:(3.1) 6971:JARID 6944:GRLF1 6939:DIDO1 6599:Zbtb7 6589:TSHZ3 6557:PRDM9 6355:HIVEP 6220:ATBF1 6174:TFIIH 6159:TFIIF 6142:TFIIE 6137:TFIID 6132:TFIIB 6127:TFIIA 6097:TRPS1 5963:LRH-1 5941:NURR1 5931:NGFIB 5759:Ear-2 5560:(2.1) 5302:SREBP 5239:(1.3) 5001:NPAS 4990:EPAS1 4975:CLOCK 4963:ARNTL 4937:bHLH- 4913:n-Myc 4908:l-Myc 4903:c-Myc 4893:FIGLA 4875:Twist 4834:TCF15 4741:MESP2 4719:ATOH1 4712:ASCL2 4707:ASCL1 4638:NFIL3 4569:GABPA 4564:DDIT3 4495:C/EBP 4490:BLZF1 4451:c-Jun 4441:FOSL2 4436:FOSL1 4426:c-Fos 4092:S2CID 4047:S2CID 4002:S2CID 3957:S2CID 3914:S2CID 3774:S2CID 3659:S2CID 3593:S2CID 3486:S2CID 3278:(2). 3245:(PDF) 3238:(PDF) 3019:20231 2962:S2CID 2479:S2CID 2330:S2CID 2194:S2CID 2146:S2CID 2027:S2CID 1970:S2CID 1571:Ptgds 1494:theca 1450:GATA4 1250:gonad 865:21674 825:Mouse 820:Human 791:Amigo 462:gonad 438:Mouse 431:Human 378:Start 313:Mouse 277:Start 210:Human 181:48168 173:98660 9775:and 9680:MNDA 9599:ARID 9554:AP-2 9541:RBL2 9536:RBL1 9510:HBP1 9493:HMGA 9400:YBX1 9395:CSDA 9330:LEF1 9162:HMGN 9135:HMGB 9056:Mef2 9035:MYRF 9023:TBR2 9018:TBR1 8966:TP63 8906:STAT 8898:STAT 8858:NFAT 8851:RELB 8846:RELA 8801:(4) 8682:FLI1 8648:SPIB 8349:D4L6 8344:D4L5 8339:D4L4 8334:D4L3 8329:D4L1 8193:PITX 8156:VSX2 8151:VSX1 8141:SHOX 8119:PHOX 7801:MEIS 7729:HOPX 7665:VAX2 7660:VAX1 7655:TLX3 7650:TLX2 7645:TLX1 7640:NATO 7623:HMX3 7618:HMX2 7613:HMX1 7551:LBX2 7546:LBX1 7536:HHEX 7395:MNX1 7390:GBX2 7385:GBX1 7173:Evx2 7168:Evx1 7136:PDX1 7131:Xlox 7021:WRKY 6934:AIRE 6893:804A 6616:ZBTB 6562:SALL 6552:OSR1 6547:MYT1 6542:MTF1 6377:IKZF 6316:REST 6291:GFI1 6286:ERV3 6254:E4F1 6249:CTCF 6038:GATA 6008:DAX1 5988:GCNF 5936:NOR1 5764:HNF4 5633:PPAR 5566:(Cys 5494:AP-2 5364:SMAD 5319:USF1 5292:MXI1 5272:MITF 5265:MXD3 5260:MXD1 5250:AP-4 5225:EBF1 5101:Pho4 5079:BHLH 4958:ARNT 4953:AHRR 4925:TCF4 4920:MXD4 4851:LYL1 4812:OLIG 4766:MYF6 4761:MYF5 4751:MyoD 4724:HAND 4702:AS-C 4684:bHLH 4670:XBP1 4574:GCN4 4554:CREM 4532:CREB 4485:BATF 4468:BACH 4461:JunD 4456:JUNB 4446:JDP2 4431:FOSB 4421:AP-1 4379:AATF 4365:bZIP 4331:and 4285:1j47 4270:1j46 4255:1hrz 4240:1hry 4142:PMID 4121:PMID 4084:PMID 4039:PMID 3994:PMID 3949:PMID 3906:PMID 3868:PMID 3839:PMID 3809:PMID 3766:PMID 3737:PMID 3694:PMID 3651:PMID 3622:PMID 3585:PMID 3556:PMID 3546:ISBN 3521:PMID 3511:ISBN 3478:PMID 3443:PMID 3414:PMID 3365:PMID 3308:PMID 3253:2012 3217:PMID 3176:PMID 3139:2011 3091:2020 3062:PMID 3024:PMID 2954:PMID 2886:PMID 2845:OCLC 2835:ISBN 2812:PMID 2763:PMID 2732:2020 2706:2020 2681:2020 2648:PMID 2607:PMID 2555:PMID 2520:PMID 2510:ISBN 2471:PMID 2436:PMID 2384:PMID 2322:PMID 2284:PMID 2243:PMID 2138:PMID 2073:PMID 2019:PMID 1962:PMID 1739:and 1600:FGF9 1577:(PGD 1541:and 1503:Fgf9 1499:SOX9 1484:and 1435:DAX1 1326:and 1314:and 1303:SOX3 1234:SOX9 1209:and 1182:and 1165:gene 846:6736 421:Bgee 369:Band 330:Chr. 268:Band 227:Chr. 161:OMIM 118:2GZK 114:1J47 110:1J46 106:1HRZ 102:1HRY 83:RCSB 80:PDBe 9886:SRY 9707:Rho 9685:NFY 9658:MLL 9641:IFI 9636:CAP 9418:CBF 9337:TOX 9308:TCF 9293:SRY 9206:SOX 9189:HNF 9130:BBX 9104:TBP 9083:SRF 9028:TFT 8978:TBX 8971:p73 8961:p53 8841:REL 8734:MYB 8655:ETV 8643:ERG 8628:ETS 8623:ERF 8601:ELK 8596:EGF 8574:ELF 8538:HSF 8237:E2F 8176:OTX 8166:GSC 8136:RAX 8047:PAX 8013:ZEB 7986:3/4 7936:21A 7891:PHF 7857:SIX 7818:PBX 7794:MKX 7759:IRX 7734:LMX 7702:FHL 7692:CRX 7687:ARX 7633:6-2 7628:6-1 7608:3-2 7603:3-1 7598:2-5 7593:2-3 7588:2-2 7583:2-1 7578:NKX 7556:MSX 7541:HLX 7501:EMX 7463:DLX 7446:DBX 7441:BSX 7378:D13 7373:D12 7368:D11 7363:D10 7333:C13 7328:C12 7323:C11 7318:C10 7288:B13 7238:A13 7233:A11 7228:A10 7143:Cdx 7114:Gsx 7044:(3) 6949:ING 6888:655 6883:649 6878:644 6873:638 6868:593 6863:471 6858:452 6853:451 6848:423 6843:384 6838:366 6833:365 6828:350 6823:346 6818:330 6813:318 6808:300 6803:281 6798:268 6793:267 6788:259 6783:239 6778:238 6773:219 6768:217 6763:202 6758:165 6753:148 6748:146 6743:143 6703:33B 6594:WT1 6421:KLF 6399:ILF 6338:HIC 6331:YY1 6259:EGR 6242:11B 6237:11A 6226:BCL 6209:3C2 6204:3C1 6111:His 6075:MTA 6013:SHP 5968:SF1 5926:NUR 5825:TLX 5786:RXR 5781:PNR 5721:VDR 5682:ROR 5660:RAR 5655:PXR 5643:β/δ 5616:LXR 5611:FXR 5606:CAR 5544:(2) 5474:ANK 5439:RFX 5337:NFI 5297:Myc 5282:MLX 5277:MNT 5255:MAX 5188:HEY 5146:HES 5049:SIM 5022:PER 4980:HIF 4948:AhR 4939:PAS 4898:Myc 4856:TAL 4846:SLC 4648:NRF 4643:NRL 4611:NFE 4584:MAF 4579:HLF 4559:DBP 4113:doi 4076:doi 4064:337 4031:doi 4019:348 3986:doi 3974:348 3939:doi 3898:doi 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Sex-determining region Y protein

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