533:
3268:
57:
1972:
714:
1169:
4174:
6473:
4163:
1181:
6483:
564:
3201:
589:
569:
611:
584:
579:
574:
699:
532:
1296:
Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in
Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and
777:
In the later 9th century, the
Saffarids gave impetus to a renaissance of New Persian literature and culture. Following Ya'qub's conquest of Herat, some poets chose to celebrate his victory in Arabic, whereupon Ya'qub requested his secretary, Muhammad bin Wasif al-Sistani, to compose those verses in
1325:
The
Tahirids had made scant use of Persian, though the Saffarids used it considerably more. But under the Samanids Persian emerged as a full "edged language of literature and (to a lesser extent) administration. Court patronage was extended to Persian poets, including the great Rudaki (d. c. 940).
786:
The religion of the
Saffarid's founder, Ya'qub, has been a topic of debate. Most of the primary sources were written during or after the fall of the Samanid dynasty and view the Saffarids through Samanid eyes. These primary sources depict Ya'qub either as a religious rascal or a volunteer Sunni
769:
The
Saffarids patronized the Persian language in the form of court poetry and established Persianate culture. Under their rule, the eastern Islamic world witnessed the emergence of prominent Persian poets such as Fayrouz Mashriqi, Abu Salik al-Jirjani, and
745:
in Sistan. In the next years, the governor of Fars, Sebük-eri defected to the
Abbasids. In 912, the Samanids finally expelled the Saffarids from Sistan. Sistan passed briefly to Abbasid control, but became independent again under the Saffarid
1451:
The provincial
Persian Ya'kub, on the other hand, rejoiced in his plebeian origins, denounced the Abbasids as usurpers, and regarded both the caliphs and such governors from aristocratic Arab families as the Tahirids with
675:(southwestern Iran) and parts of southern Iraq, and in 876 came close to overthrowing the Abbasids, whose army was able to turn them back only within a few days' march from Baghdad. From silver mines in the
448:
in 900. Amr bin Laith was forced to surrender most of his territories to the new rulers. The
Saffarids were confined to their heartland of Sistan, and with time, their role was reduced to that of
802:, early Saffarid emirs did not appear to have significant religious beliefs. Since Kharijism prospered in Sistan longer than anywhere else in eastern Iran, it was believed the Saffarids held
1879:
The Sunni
Samanids eventually annexed the territories of the Shi'ite Saffarids in 908, creating a powerful emirate bounded by the Pamir, the Caspian Sea, the Iranian plateau, and the steppe.
4975:
741:(901–908), the dynasty fought the Abbasids for the possession of Fars to maintain its control over the province. However, in 908, a civil war erupted between Tahir and the pretender
690:, and Saffarids were even offered key posts in Baghdad. Despite Ya'qub's military successes, he was not an empire builder since he had no concept of a centralized government.
4965:
7300:
276:
262:
237:
223:
209:
56:
1433:
First, the
Saffarid amirs and maliks were rulers of Persian stock who for centuries championed the cause of the underdog against the might of the Abbasid caliphs.
8943:
1255:
According to D.G. Tor, the Samanids vilified the Saffarids in order to increase their own legitimacy since they were competing against them for territory.
7200:
6134:
4987:
8958:
6240:
4204:
5654:
5645:
5389:
4901:
3961:
6911:
4886:
3912:
385:
The Saffarids used their capital Zaranj as a base for an aggressive expansion eastward and westward. They first invaded the areas south of the
7807:
468:(Ya'qub, son of Layth, the Coppersmith), a coppersmith of eastern Iranian origins, who moved to the city of Zaranj. He left work to become an
6735:
6519:
5177:
4955:
3303:
2150:
5323:
4839:
4137:
1168:
6901:
3947:
3667:
3229:
1326:
Meanwhile, Arabic continued to be used abundantly, for administration and for scientific, theological and philosophical discourse.
6886:
4874:
3862:
3123:
352:, who was born in 840 in a small town called Karnin (Qarnin), which was located east of Zaranj and west of Bost, in what is now
5499:
5350:
5113:
8760:
8142:
6916:
5845:
5675:
5620:
5489:
5355:
4253:
4115:
3922:
1801:
1614:
1318:
1275:
3892:
5007:
4997:
4197:
8666:
8953:
7017:
6205:
6155:
5881:
5415:
8812:
7812:
7012:
6921:
6891:
5430:
5419:
5364:
5312:
5167:
4970:
4142:
4132:
4125:
3882:
1915:
1894:
472:
and eventually got the power to act as an independent ruler. From his capital Zaranj he moved east into al-Rukhkhadj (
7456:
7290:
7220:
7175:
6959:
5860:
5804:
5784:
5600:
5575:
5471:
5395:
5297:
4927:
4769:
4085:
1872:
1392:
5694:
1411:
Savory, Roger M. (1996). "The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542–3)".
7205:
7165:
7027:
6869:
6728:
6512:
6325:
5891:
4080:
1104:
866:
747:
718:
465:
62:
8438:
7280:
7059:
7002:
6954:
6926:
6804:
6799:
5835:
5375:
5211:
5206:
4945:
4572:
4190:
4166:
4147:
4095:
3957:
3247:
2590:
7600:
737:, and they lost Khorasan to them. The Saffarids were reduced to the provinces of Fars, Kerman and Sistan. Under
370:. He seized control of the Sistan region and began conquering most of Iran and Afghanistan, as well as parts of
6764:
6440:
6265:
6145:
6129:
5615:
5550:
5451:
5400:
5172:
5123:
5108:
5012:
5002:
4982:
4774:
4433:
3284:
3157:
2332:
1849:
Bosworth, C. E. (1995). "Saffarids". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.).
6073:
4844:
4784:
8876:
7265:
7185:
7180:
7022:
7007:
6879:
6299:
5740:
5723:
5630:
5605:
5461:
5369:
5359:
3943:
3832:
3222:
991:
349:
126:
3852:
1844:. Vol. 4:The Period from the Arab invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–135.
8871:
8755:
7232:
7227:
7190:
7054:
6906:
6303:
6139:
5855:
5595:
5585:
5333:
5189:
4789:
4110:
3932:
3902:
6069:
8948:
8881:
7918:
7409:
7356:
7210:
7046:
6997:
6721:
6505:
6094:
6088:
6039:
5850:
5680:
5559:
5184:
3517:
3343:
3194:
3182:
2021:
7215:
6949:
6309:
5770:
5635:
5103:
4881:
4779:
3782:
3275:
3152:
3113:
931:
738:
8938:
8839:
7987:
7551:
6769:
6413:
6004:
5774:
5555:
5481:
5343:
5318:
5241:
4992:
4891:
4834:
4246:
3293:
3094:
2998:
2257:
341:
8797:
8772:
8622:
8281:
8276:
7336:
7305:
7126:
6985:
6124:
5914:
5794:
5745:
5717:
5580:
5118:
5032:
4761:
3812:
3215:
3177:
3172:
3162:
1951:
1927:
Violent Order: Religious Warfare, Chivalry, and the ʻAyyār Phenomenon in the Medieval Islamic World
1353:
17:
8864:
8745:
8286:
8239:
8182:
7881:
7825:
7573:
7371:
7285:
7148:
7032:
6854:
6824:
6355:
6329:
6320:
6190:
6150:
5754:
5690:
5650:
5385:
5236:
5093:
5052:
4310:
2740:
2496:
2077:
1227:
1202:
306:
659:
contingent in his army. Ya'qub then turned his focus to the west and began attacks on Khorasan,
8886:
8787:
8782:
8470:
8418:
8338:
8271:
8175:
8160:
8053:
7820:
7774:
7615:
7502:
7402:
7395:
7319:
7295:
7248:
7195:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6834:
6756:
6748:
6599:
6445:
6084:
5825:
5780:
5504:
5466:
5194:
4950:
4090:
3842:
3822:
3373:
3256:
3057:
2560:
2034:
8817:
8777:
8590:
8465:
7529:
7519:
7478:
7449:
7366:
7351:
7275:
7270:
7121:
6896:
6497:
5733:
5685:
5660:
5380:
5128:
4906:
4824:
4441:
4398:
3423:
2438:
2358:
2296:
1851:
1604:
702:
8705:
3267:
2068:
1180:
795:, obsessed with the integrity of the Seljuk Empire, depicts Ya'qub as an Ismaili convert.
8910:
8740:
8710:
8585:
8516:
8487:
8406:
7740:
7578:
7568:
7418:
7346:
7138:
6965:
6844:
6692:
6284:
6186:
6079:
6019:
5994:
5973:
5953:
5926:
5728:
5670:
5565:
5328:
5293:
5057:
4239:
3167:
1384:
8690:
8:
8602:
8482:
8448:
8350:
8170:
8165:
7977:
7696:
7632:
7507:
7492:
7341:
6687:
6024:
5713:
5446:
5338:
4937:
4932:
4896:
4829:
4678:
4366:
4120:
4100:
2900:
2770:
2199:
1995:
1934:
Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P.; Lecomte, G., eds. (1995). "Pandjhir".
1551:
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids".
1399:
One of the first indigenous Persian dynasties to emerge after the Arab Islamic invasions.
493:
98:
8318:
8308:
436:
The Saffarid dynasty did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor,
8715:
8695:
8678:
8629:
8494:
8303:
8254:
8187:
8105:
8046:
8041:
8036:
7992:
7962:
7854:
7752:
7620:
7595:
7423:
6971:
6829:
6528:
6388:
6350:
6295:
6290:
6195:
6110:
5750:
5610:
5570:
5410:
5405:
5303:
5288:
5047:
4849:
4670:
4639:
4532:
4289:
4178:
3657:
3527:
3472:
3393:
3103:
2890:
2510:
1981:
1828:
1568:
1424:
1222:
1197:
771:
672:
345:
8824:
8720:
8656:
8651:
8580:
8477:
8192:
8120:
8115:
7957:
7886:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7659:
7610:
6814:
6702:
6697:
6619:
6482:
6398:
6315:
6221:
6211:
6120:
6029:
6014:
6009:
5978:
5968:
5958:
5948:
5935:
5790:
5494:
5308:
5246:
5221:
5201:
5151:
5071:
4919:
4548:
4540:
4465:
4417:
4105:
3587:
3557:
3333:
2930:
2830:
2820:
2530:
2520:
2478:
2378:
2322:
1911:
1890:
1868:
1797:
1610:
1388:
1314:
1058:
833:
228:
83:
8673:
8460:
8455:
8411:
8398:
8328:
8296:
8291:
8155:
8150:
8132:
8093:
8026:
7950:
7940:
7935:
7876:
7832:
7802:
7762:
7745:
7728:
7691:
7442:
6839:
6779:
6573:
6369:
6360:
6270:
6260:
6216:
6056:
6044:
5998:
5943:
5760:
5625:
5456:
5425:
5270:
5251:
4960:
4040:
3677:
3313:
2960:
2650:
1820:
1560:
1416:
1380:
1147:
1136:
894:
754:
652:
394:
329:
297:
4226:
1488:
There were many local Persian dynasties, including the Tahirids, the Saffarids....
1357:
1283:
8891:
8859:
8732:
8700:
8683:
8639:
8634:
8612:
8607:
8565:
8558:
8533:
8393:
8388:
8229:
8110:
8004:
7999:
7967:
7792:
7782:
7676:
7669:
7664:
7649:
7605:
7487:
7473:
6784:
6594:
6568:
6558:
6553:
6543:
6403:
6340:
6275:
6250:
6235:
6174:
5963:
5815:
5705:
5527:
5226:
5162:
5066:
4914:
4816:
4588:
4564:
4500:
4481:
4473:
4449:
4334:
4276:
3872:
3597:
3433:
3383:
3353:
2840:
2790:
2690:
2660:
2600:
2540:
2458:
2428:
2398:
2368:
2163:
2008:
1971:
1960:
1905:
1623:
730:
676:
626:
441:
390:
321:
255:
214:
31:
8313:
1711:
Bosworth, C. E. (1999). "The Tahirids and the Saffarids". In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1506:
Saffarid, the Coppersmith, the epithet of the founder of this Persian dynasty...
8834:
8829:
8792:
8767:
8750:
8661:
8646:
8617:
8575:
8423:
8383:
8378:
8333:
8259:
8219:
8209:
8199:
8014:
7893:
7787:
7654:
7536:
7331:
7260:
6819:
6578:
6245:
5765:
5590:
5078:
5042:
4705:
4623:
4556:
4382:
3802:
3727:
3717:
3637:
3617:
3547:
3453:
3403:
2950:
2630:
2610:
2550:
2186:
2097:
1860:
1713:
The Cambridge History of Iran: The period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1019:
713:
1606:
Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter
8932:
8915:
8802:
8597:
8570:
8543:
8521:
8499:
8266:
8249:
8234:
8078:
8031:
8019:
7945:
7837:
7711:
7706:
7681:
7563:
7064:
6809:
6774:
6682:
6661:
6563:
6476:
6380:
6365:
6335:
6280:
6160:
6115:
6064:
6034:
4737:
4631:
4596:
4318:
4050:
4005:
3792:
3772:
3752:
3647:
3577:
3413:
3363:
3029:
3018:
2760:
2680:
2640:
2087:
2047:
1546:
1544:
799:
792:
668:
619:
558:
445:
437:
422:
8343:
8323:
651:
The Tahirid city of Herat was captured in 870, and Ya'qub's campaign in the
8807:
8548:
8538:
8504:
8433:
8428:
8355:
8145:
8127:
8088:
8083:
8063:
8058:
7930:
7923:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7797:
7735:
7716:
7701:
7637:
6794:
6640:
6609:
6408:
6393:
6345:
6254:
5799:
5665:
5088:
5037:
4745:
4729:
4713:
4655:
4025:
3762:
3707:
3537:
3147:
3076:
3039:
3007:
2970:
2940:
2860:
2700:
2266:
516:
489:
1840:
Bosworth, C.E. (1975). "The Ṭāhirids and Șaffārids". In Frye, R.N. (ed.).
1541:
1502:
The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary
8526:
8511:
8360:
8073:
7982:
7972:
7898:
7546:
7541:
7361:
6931:
6789:
6744:
6486:
6450:
6201:
5886:
5809:
5640:
4045:
3972:
3507:
3462:
3205:
2850:
2810:
2570:
2448:
1207:
726:
546:
414:
406:
353:
8553:
8370:
8244:
8204:
8137:
7089:
7084:
6874:
6713:
6677:
6656:
6604:
5840:
5231:
4753:
4721:
4647:
4615:
4425:
4060:
4035:
4030:
3687:
3627:
3482:
3066:
2980:
2800:
2780:
2750:
2710:
2670:
2502:
2468:
2388:
2342:
1987:
1832:
1572:
1217:
1151:
807:
803:
477:
386:
379:
375:
317:
269:
1524:
The Saffarids, the first Persian dynasty, to challenge the Abbasids...
1428:
1311:
The new Cambridge history of Islam. Vol 1, Sixth to eleventh centuries
8443:
8214:
8098:
8068:
7849:
7723:
7514:
7099:
6635:
4966:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
4686:
4663:
4457:
4390:
4358:
4000:
3697:
3443:
2910:
2880:
2870:
2580:
2418:
2276:
660:
473:
1824:
1564:
1313:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 345.
545:
after the capture of the city, issued around 870 CE in Kabul on the
7844:
7627:
7585:
7524:
7376:
7109:
7094:
7069:
6614:
5876:
5216:
5098:
4350:
4020:
2730:
2720:
2286:
2173:
1420:
1212:
963:
806:
sympathies. Archeologist Barry Cunliffe, states the Saffarids were
758:
742:
563:
513:
512:, he conquered these territories which were predominantly ruled by
453:
430:
371:
337:
152:
138:
1933:
1629:
568:
358:
7757:
7686:
7642:
7497:
7160:
7079:
6419:
4342:
4015:
3567:
2920:
2408:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2137:
2110:
1074:
734:
683:
637:
601:
588:
519:. He took vast amounts of plunder and slaves from this campaign.
501:
485:
469:
426:
367:
242:
7558:
7590:
7465:
7114:
7104:
7074:
6225:
5545:
4374:
4055:
4010:
2306:
2209:
1811:
Bosworth, C. E. (1969). "The Ṭāhirids and Persian Literature".
706:
687:
664:
610:
583:
578:
573:
550:
449:
418:
410:
333:
325:
73:
6527:
4231:
1137:
Khalaf ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn al-Layth ibn 'Ali
698:
686:
caliphate to recognize Ya'qub as governor of Sistan, Fars and
8224:
7170:
5083:
3323:
2114:
1794:
The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols
542:
509:
497:
481:
402:
398:
1174:
The Saffarid dynasty and its neighbors at its peak in 900 CE
750:; but now the dynasty was a minor power isolated in Sistan.
397:
in 873. By the time of Ya'qub's death, he had conquered the
7131:
4863:
4326:
4262:
2127:
1770:
597:
505:
106:
7434:
1586:
1584:
1582:
5841:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
1655:
1653:
655:
led to the capture of Kharidjites which later formed the
1907:
Persian Historiography to the End of the Twelfth Century
1715:. Vol. IV. Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
1758:
1746:
1692:
1579:
1650:
1680:
311:
1736:
1734:
1719:
1529:
1331:
1887:
The Shahnameh: The Persian Epic in World Literature
1865:By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia
1855:. Vol. VIII:NED-SAM. Brill. pp. 795–798.
1731:
813:
8930:
1105:Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalaf ibn Layth ibn 'Ali
679:, the Saffarids were able to mint silver coins.
4902:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
1445:al Saffar, Ya'kub b. al-Layth; Bosworth, C. E.
671:(southwestern Iran). The Saffarids then seized
8944:States and territories established in the 860s
4988:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
4887:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
1646:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 38.
1609:. Princeton University Press. pp. 25–26.
1484:Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa
336:from 861 to 1002. One of the first indigenous
61:Saffarid dynasty at its greatest extent under
7450:
6729:
6513:
4770:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
4247:
4198:
3223:
1938:. Vol. VIII:NED-SAM. Brill. p. 258.
1867:. Oxford University Press. pp. 388–389.
1444:
8907:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
5846:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
1796:. Vol. Three. I.B. Tauris. p. 24.
1464:Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.).
4956:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
7457:
7443:
6736:
6722:
6520:
6506:
5462:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
5324:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
4840:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
4254:
4240:
4205:
4191:
3230:
3216:
1463:
1348:
1346:
1246:Numerous sources call the dynasty Persian.
1129:
1119:
1097:
1087:
1063:
1051:
1041:
1024:
1012:
996:
984:
968:
956:
936:
925:
915:
899:
887:
871:
860:
846:
55:
4971:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
1676:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 89.
1282:. HighBeam Research. 2002. Archived from
8959:Former political entities in Afghanistan
6743:
4790:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
1859:
1848:
1839:
1810:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1710:
1698:
1671:
1641:
1590:
1550:
1413:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1377:The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
1308:
1145:
1073:
831:
761:and finally ended the Saffarid dynasty.
712:
697:
8731:
6942:
6870:Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war
5576:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
1903:
1884:
1686:
1659:
1343:
1337:
344:, the Saffarid dynasty was part of the
14:
8931:
5114:History of democracy in classical Iran
1791:
1535:
1410:
682:These incursions, however, forced the
525:Saffarid coinage in Kabul, with Arabic
7438:
6717:
6501:
5912:
5836:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
5621:Iran and the World Trade Organization
5525:
5268:
5149:
4274:
4235:
1602:
1520:Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis
5008:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
4998:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
1481:
1385:10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001
1352:
942:co-ruler Ya'qub ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
541:Coinage of the Saffarid Governor of
6241:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
5882:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
5856:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
5655:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
5390:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
1924:
1740:
1725:
1603:Flood, Finbarr B. (20 March 2018).
1517:
1059:Amr ibn Ya'qub ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
301:
24:
4780:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
1499:
429:but then suffered a defeat by the
362:, Ya'qub worked as a coppersmith (
25:
8970:
5851:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
5472:Supreme National Security Council
5298:Persian Constitutional Revolution
4928:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
4835:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
4825:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
4217:
1470:Saffarids: A Persian dynasty.....
1466:Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature
1379:. Oxford University Press. 2010.
356:. A native of Sistan and a local
6481:
6472:
6471:
5447:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
4172:
4162:
4161:
3266:
3199:
1970:
1179:
1167:
609:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
531:
324:origin that ruled over parts of
274:
260:
235:
221:
207:
27:861–1002 Eastern Iranian dynasty
7281:Opium production in Afghanistan
5646:Military equipment manufactured
5212:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
4976:United States withdrawal (2018)
4897:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
4261:
1704:
1665:
1635:
1596:
1511:
1493:
1249:
1240:
1144:
1072:
425:, Khorasan, and nearly reached
6206:modern / contemporary
5452:Expediency Discernment Council
4775:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
4764:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
4288:
1910:. Edinburgh University Press.
1475:
1457:
1438:
1404:
1368:
1302:
1268:
814:Rulers of the Saffarid dynasty
604:mark on the hump of the bull.
340:dynasties to emerge after the
13:
1:
5420:state-sponsorship allegations
5150:
2347:
2311:
2191:
2178:
2155:
2142:
2119:
2102:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1904:Meisami, Julie Scott (1999).
1889:. Columbia University Press.
1842:The Cambridge History of Iran
1449:. Vol. XI. p. 255.
1262:
1064:عمرو بن یعقوب بن محمد بن عمرو
748:Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad
719:Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad
466:Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
88:administration, mother tongue
63:Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
7201:Current provincial governors
7055:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
6537:Persian and Caspian kingdoms
5877:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
5269:
5178:twin towns and sister cities
4484:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
4361:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
4337:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
1468:. Vol. 2. p. 674.
1140:
1135:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1081:
1068:
1057:
1035:
1030:
1018:
1006:
1001:
990:
978:
973:
962:
950:
945:
930:
909:
904:
893:
881:
876:
865:
840:
817:
646:
348:. The dynasty's founder was
7:
7464:
6156:Water supply and sanitation
5913:
5887:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
5526:
4946:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
4321:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
4275:
4138:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
3948:Transitional Administration
3518:Principality of Chaghaniyan
1929:. Orient-Institut-Istanbul.
1644:The Oxford History of Islam
1309:Robinson, Chase F. (2009).
1191:
781:
459:
312:
10:
8975:
8954:History of Nimruz Province
7362:Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)
7301:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
5636:Economy of the Middle East
5013:2021–2022 Iranian protests
5003:2019–2020 Iranian protests
4983:2017–2018 Iranian protests
4444:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
3994:Related historical regions
1936:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1792:Baumer, Christoph (2016).
1785:
1642:Esposito, John L. (1999).
1447:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
1276:"Persian Prose Literature"
1160:
932:Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
764:
757:invaded Sistan, dethroned
739:Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr
693:
350:Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar
127:Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar
29:
8900:
8852:
8369:
7773:
7472:
7389:
7327:
7318:
7256:
7247:
7156:
7147:
7045:
6993:
6984:
6770:Indus Valley civilisation
6755:
6670:
6649:
6628:
6587:
6536:
6467:
6433:
6379:
6182:
6173:
6103:
6055:
5987:
5934:
5925:
5921:
5908:
5869:
5861:National Development Fund
5824:
5781:Telecommunications and IT
5775:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
5704:
5601:Foreign direct investment
5546:Bonyad (charitable trust)
5538:
5534:
5521:
5480:
5439:
5281:
5277:
5264:
5158:
5145:
5025:
4892:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
4882:Interim Government (1979)
4861:
4809:
4802:
4698:
4608:
4525:
4516:
4493:
4410:
4303:
4296:
4287:
4283:
4270:
3294:Indus Valley civilisation
1500:Cannon, Garland Hampton.
1354:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
389:, and then overthrew the
186:
182:
172:
162:
158:
148:
144:
132:
120:
116:
104:
94:
79:
69:
54:
49:
39:
6998:Administrative divisions
5611:International oil bourse
5376:Ministry of Intelligence
4961:Syrian civil war (2011–)
4785:1921 Persian coup d'état
3813:Principality of Qandahar
1672:Bosworth, C. E. (1963).
1233:
826:
823:
820:
774:, who was a court poet.
667:(Southeastern Iran) and
492:by 865. He then invaded
30:Not to be confused with
6855:Second Anglo-Afghan War
6825:Third Battle of Panipat
6531:dynasties (800–1100 AD)
6135:scientists and scholars
5641:Milad Tower and complex
5431:Women's rights movement
5426:White Revolution (1963)
5094:Peoples of the Caucasus
4436:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
4329:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
2022:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
1885:Dabashi, Hamid (2019).
1674:The Ghaznavids 994–1040
1228:List of kings of Persia
1203:Nasrid dynasty (Sistan)
1077:occupation 913–922 CE.
596:, "The fortunate small
464:The dynasty began with
6932:Second Islamic Emirate
6865:Kingdom of Afghanistan
6860:Third Anglo-Afghan War
6850:First Anglo-Afghan War
6835:Emirate of Afghanistan
6785:Yabghus of Tokharistan
6446:Anti-Iranian sentiment
6441:Science and technology
6266:Intellectual movements
6146:International rankings
6130:Intellectual movements
5616:International rankings
5109:Heads of state of Iran
4915:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
4476:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
4313:culture (3400–2000 BC)
4179:Afghanistan portal
4116:List of heads of state
3374:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
2561:Masmughans of Damavand
2035:Zayandeh River Culture
832:Independence from the
722:
710:
640:") in Arabic to right.
557:: Recumbent bull with
456:and their successors.
440:, was defeated at the
174:• Disestablished
8877:Medieval great powers
6912:First Islamic Emirate
5734:Shetab Banking System
5724:Banking and insurance
5686:Tehran Stock Exchange
5606:Intellectual property
4951:PJAK conflict (2004–)
4724:Turcomans (1378–1508)
4716:Turcomans (1374–1468)
4665:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
4468:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
3424:Indo-Parthian kingdom
3404:Indo-Scythian kingdom
2439:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
2393:3rd-century BC–132 BC
2359:Kingdom of Cappadocia
2315: 6th century BC
2297:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1852:Encyclopedia of Islam
1148:Mahmud ibn Sebuktigin
937:طاھر بن محمد بن عمرو
716:
709:, established in 894.
701:
80:Common languages
8887:European colonialism
8872:Ancient great powers
7018:Environmental issues
6966:Graveyard of empires
6955:Arabs in Afghanistan
6693:Nizari Ismaili state
6629:Khwarezmian kingdoms
5695:Technology start-ups
5596:Environmental issues
5586:Economic Reform Plan
5500:Provincial governors
5190:Environmental issues
4938:Iran Air Flight 655
4679:Jalayirid Sultanate
4551:Caliphate (750–1258)
4393:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
4224:Encyclopædia Iranica
1630:Bosworth et al. 1995
1375:"Saffarid dynasty".
1362:Encyclopædia Iranica
1297:Buyids (945–1055)...
1020:Al-Mu'addal ibn 'Ali
791:. The Seljuk vizier
729:was defeated at the
366:) before becoming a
8882:Modern great powers
6972:Wars in Afghanistan
6892:Democratic Republic
6688:Kara-Khanid Khanate
6095:Freedom of religion
5681:Supreme Audit Court
5560:Automotive industry
5207:Iranian Balochistan
4933:1987 Mecca incident
4830:Iran crisis of 1946
4819:dynasty (1925–1979)
4748:Dynasty (1751–1794)
4689:dynasty (1338–1357)
4681:dynasty (1335–1432)
4673:dynasty (1314–1393)
4658:dynasty (1244–1381)
4642:dynasty (1077–1231)
4626:dynasty (1011–1215)
4543:Caliphate (661–750)
4535:Caliphate (632–661)
4503:Empire (AD 224–651)
4420:Empire (550–330 BC)
4401:Empire (626–539 BC)
4385:Empire (678–549 BC)
4369:Empire (911–609 BC)
3883:Democratic Republic
3095:Contemporary period
2999:Early modern period
2901:Jalayirid Sultanate
2771:Khwarazmian dynasty
2200:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2078:Kura–Araxes culture
1996:Baradostian culture
320:dynasty of eastern
164:• Established
99:Hereditary monarchy
8949:861 establishments
7291:Telecommunications
7261:Afghani (currency)
7176:Leadership Council
6960:European influence
6830:Dost Mohammad Khan
6765:Pre-Islamic period
6529:Iranian Intermezzo
6226:Persian New Year (
5631:Main economic laws
5202:Iranian Azerbaijan
5104:Monarchs of Persia
5048:Persianate society
4756:Empire (1789–1925)
4740:Empire (1736–1796)
4732:Empire (1501–1736)
4708:Empire (1370–1507)
4634:Empire (1037–1194)
4599:dynasty (934–1062)
4591:dynasty (931–1090)
4583:dynasty (861–1003)
4452:Empire (312–63 BC)
4353:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
4086:Political violence
3893:Tanai coup attempt
3528:Rashidun Caliphate
3473:Hephthalite Empire
3394:Indo-Greek kingdom
3114:Interim Government
3104:Iranian Revolution
2891:Muzaffarid dynasty
2595:864 – 14th century
2585:791 – 11th century
2511:Rashidun Caliphate
2333:Kingdom of Armenia
1982:Prehistoric period
1925:Tor, D.G. (2007).
1861:Cunliffe, Barry W.
1779:, p. 388-389.
1223:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1198:Iranian Intermezzo
772:Muhammad ibn Wasif
723:
711:
703:Atigh Jameh Mosque
484:, vanquishing the
346:Iranian Intermezzo
8926:
8925:
8848:
8847:
8813:Polish–Lithuanian
7988:Gurjara-Pratihara
7432:
7431:
7385:
7384:
7314:
7313:
7243:
7242:
7206:Foreign relations
7041:
7040:
6980:
6979:
6815:Siege of Kandahar
6711:
6710:
6703:Fatimid Caliphate
6698:Abbasid Caliphate
6620:Hadhabani (tribe)
6495:
6494:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6429:
6428:
6336:Opium consumption
6169:
6168:
6005:Ethnic minorities
5979:Iranian languages
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5396:Political parties
5334:Children's rights
5319:Foreign relations
5313:2009 presidential
5260:
5259:
5222:Iranian Kurdistan
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5021:
5020:
4993:COVID-19 pandemic
4852:Revolution (1979)
4798:
4797:
4618:Empire (977–1186)
4575:dynasty (864–928)
4567:dynasty (821–873)
4559:dynasty (819–999)
4512:
4511:
4428:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
4215:
4214:
4106:Afghan (ethnonym)
4081:Political history
3985:
3984:
3833:Saqqawist Emirate
3783:Sadozai Sultanate
3736:
3735:
3522:7th–8th centuries
3491:
3490:
3344:Macedonian Empire
3334:Achaemenid Empire
3304:Oxus civilization
3240:
3239:
3132:
3131:
3085:
3084:
3048:
3047:
2989:
2988:
2931:Afrasiyab dynasty
2831:Khorshidi dynasty
2821:Pishkinid dynasty
2711:Ghaznavid dynasty
2531:Abbasid Caliphate
2521:Umayyad Caliphate
2487:
2486:
2483:550s–11th century
2379:Kingdom of Pontus
2323:Achaemenid Empire
2287:Anshanite Kingdom
2248:
2247:
2151:Oxus Civilization
2059:
2058:
1803:978-1-78453-490-5
1616:978-0-691-18074-8
1518:Daftary, Farhad.
1320:978-0-521-83823-8
1158:
1157:
1132:
1122:
1100:
1090:
1066:
1054:
1044:
1027:
1015:
999:
992:Muhammad ibn 'Ali
987:
971:
964:al-Layth ibn 'Ali
959:
943:
939:
928:
918:
902:
890:
874:
863:
857:
849:
834:Abbasid Caliphate
553:weight standard.
508:. In the name of
310:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
248:
247:
229:Abbasid Caliphate
89:
16:(Redirected from
8966:
8939:Saffarid dynasty
8729:
8728:
8394:Austro-Hungarian
8094:Chagatai Khanate
7459:
7452:
7445:
7436:
7435:
7412:
7405:
7398:
7325:
7324:
7254:
7253:
7154:
7153:
6991:
6990:
6940:
6939:
6927:Islamic Republic
6887:Daoud's Republic
6845:Afghan–Sikh Wars
6840:Battle of Jamrud
6800:Islamic conquest
6780:Greater Khorasan
6738:
6731:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6650:Sogdian kingdoms
6588:Kurdish kingdoms
6574:Sallarid dynasty
6549:Saffarid dynasty
6522:
6515:
6508:
6499:
6498:
6485:
6475:
6474:
6326:National symbols
6180:
6179:
5995:Iranian citizens
5932:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5910:
5909:
5892:Research centers
5581:Economic history
5536:
5535:
5523:
5522:
5457:Guardian Council
5279:
5278:
5266:
5265:
5147:
5146:
5124:Electric history
5119:Military history
5033:Ancient Persians
4941:
4940:shootdown (1988)
4923:
4910:
4907:Iranian Embassy
4877:
4866:
4864:Islamic Republic
4853:
4845:1953 coup d'état
4820:
4807:
4806:
4765:
4762:Khanates of the
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4523:
4522:
4504:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4301:
4300:
4285:
4284:
4272:
4271:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4148:Muslim conquests
4133:Hinduism history
4096:Economic history
3980:
3958:Islamic Republic
3749:
3748:
3678:Chagatai Khanate
3504:
3503:
3444:Kidarite kingdom
3314:Gandhara kingdom
3290:
3289:
3270:
3260:
3242:
3241:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3173:Military history
3163:Economic history
3141:Related articles
3124:Islamic Republic
3100:
3099:
3063:
3062:
3004:
3003:
2961:Kar-Kiya dynasty
2881:Chobanid dynasty
2871:Ilkhanate Empire
2651:Sallarid dynasty
2621:Saffarid dynasty
2507:
2506:
2352:
2349:
2317:–11th century AD
2316:
2313:
2277:Scythian Kingdom
2263:
2262:
2193:
2180:
2157:
2144:
2121:
2104:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1974:
1964:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1900:
1881:
1856:
1845:
1836:
1807:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1729:
1728:, p. 85-87.
1723:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1577:
1576:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1272:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1186:Saffarid Soldier
1183:
1171:
1152:Ghaznavid Empire
1131:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1099:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1026:
1023:
1014:
1011:
998:
995:
986:
983:
970:
967:
958:
955:
941:
938:
935:
927:
924:
917:
914:
901:
898:
895:Amr ibn al-Layth
889:
886:
873:
870:
867:Ya'qub ibn Layth
862:
859:
855:
848:
845:
818:
755:Mahmud of Ghazni
743:al-Laith b. 'Ali
613:
608:: horseman with
594:Śrī Khūdarayakah
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
535:
342:Islamic conquest
330:Greater Khorasan
315:
305:
303:
294:Saffarid dynasty
278:
277:
264:
263:
252:
251:
239:
238:
225:
224:
211:
210:
204:
203:
188:
187:
134:• 963–1002
87:
59:
41:Saffarid dynasty
37:
36:
21:
8974:
8973:
8969:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8929:
8928:
8927:
8922:
8911:American Empire
8896:
8892:African empires
8844:
8727:
8419:Central African
8365:
8183:Romano-Germanic
7769:
7503:Middle Assyrian
7476:
7468:
7463:
7433:
7428:
7415:
7408:
7401:
7394:
7381:
7310:
7239:
7143:
7037:
6976:
6938:
6922:War (2001–2021)
6805:Mongol invasion
6751:
6742:
6712:
6707:
6666:
6645:
6624:
6595:Rawadid dynasty
6583:
6569:Kakuyid dynasty
6559:Ziyarid dynasty
6554:Samanid dynasty
6544:Tahirid dynasty
6532:
6526:
6496:
6491:
6455:
6425:
6404:Rap and hip-hop
6375:
6356:Public holidays
6341:Persian gardens
6330:Imperial Anthem
6321:National Jewels
6276:Iranian studies
6165:
6099:
6051:
5983:
5944:Persian (Farsi)
5917:
5896:
5865:
5827:
5820:
5755:Pharmaceuticals
5700:
5691:Venture capital
5666:Rial (currency)
5651:Nuclear program
5530:
5509:
5476:
5435:
5386:Nuclear program
5351:Judicial system
5273:
5256:
5227:Iranian plateau
5154:
5133:
5017:
4939:
4921:
4908:
4876:History (1979–)
4875:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4818:
4794:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4694:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4604:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4518:
4508:
4502:
4489:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4406:
4400:
4399:Neo-Babylonian
4392:
4384:
4377:(860 BC–590 BC)
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4345:(c.2300–675 BC)
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4292:
4279:
4266:
4260:
4220:
4211:
4173:
4171:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4065:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3973:Islamic Emirate
3913:Islamic Emirate
3873:Saur Revolution
3746:
3738:
3737:
3668:Mongol Invasion
3642:before 879–1215
3501:
3493:
3492:
3434:Sasanian Empire
3418:135 BC – 248 AD
3384:Parthian Empire
3354:Seleucid Empire
3287:
3258:
3251:
3236:
3206:Iran portal
3200:
3198:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3178:Women's history
3142:
3134:
3133:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3060:
3050:
3049:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2841:Qutlugh-Khanids
2791:Atabegs of Yazd
2691:Rawadid dynasty
2661:Ziyarid dynasty
2601:Tahirid dynasty
2499:
2497:Medieval period
2489:
2488:
2473:6th century–785
2459:Sasanian Empire
2429:Kings of Persis
2399:Parthian Empire
2369:Seleucid Empire
2350:
2314:
2260:
2258:Imperial period
2250:
2249:
2164:Akkadian Empire
2111:Lullubi Kingdom
2071:
2061:
2060:
2009:Zarzian culture
1984:
1962:
1955:
1943:
1918:
1897:
1875:
1825:10.2307/4299615
1804:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1651:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1580:
1565:10.2307/4299599
1549:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1516:
1512:
1504:. p. 288.
1498:
1494:
1486:. p. 472.
1482:Aldosari, Ali.
1480:
1476:
1462:
1458:
1443:
1439:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1307:
1303:
1289:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1163:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
994:
988:
982:
966:
960:
954:
940:
934:
923:
919:
913:
897:
891:
885:
872:یعقوب بن اللیث
869:
858:
854:
850:
844:
816:
784:
767:
731:battle of Balkh
696:
677:Panjshir Valley
657:Djash al-Shurat
649:
644:
643:
642:
641:
631:
630:
549:model. Abbasid
538:
537:
536:
527:
526:
480:and ultimately
462:
442:Battle of Balkh
391:Tahirid dynasty
275:
261:
256:Samanid dynasty
236:
222:
215:Tahirid dynasty
208:
175:
165:
135:
123:
122:• 861–879
65:
45:
42:
35:
32:Safavid dynasty
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8972:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8918:
8913:
8904:
8902:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8868:
8867:
8856:
8854:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8843:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8748:
8743:
8737:
8735:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8693:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8676:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8649:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8595:
8594:
8593:
8588:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8531:
8530:
8529:
8524:
8514:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8502:
8492:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8475:
8474:
8473:
8468:
8458:
8453:
8452:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8421:
8416:
8415:
8414:
8409:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8375:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8306:
8301:
8300:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7933:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7847:
7842:
7841:
7840:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7823:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7779:
7777:
7775:Post-classical
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7755:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7743:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7721:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7647:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7630:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7574:Middle Kingdom
7571:
7561:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7530:Neo-Babylonian
7527:
7522:
7520:Old Babylonian
7512:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7470:
7469:
7462:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7439:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7414:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7328:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7266:Communications
7263:
7257:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7218:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7186:Prime Minister
7183:
7181:Supreme Leader
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7157:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7132:Persian (Dari)
7124:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7051:
7049:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7023:Extreme points
7020:
7015:
7010:
7008:Climate change
7005:
7000:
6994:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6946:
6944:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6820:Durrani Empire
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6761:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6741:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6579:Bavand dynasty
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6525:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6479:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6293:
6288:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6199:
6193:
6183:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6082:
6077:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6002:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5929:
5919:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5788:
5778:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5532:
5531:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5505:Supreme Leader
5502:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5467:Local councils
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5362:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5344:Women's rights
5341:
5336:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5306:
5301:
5291:
5285:
5283:
5275:
5274:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5195:Climate change
5187:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5165:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Jiroft culture
5076:
5075:
5074:
5067:Iranic peoples
5064:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5043:Persianization
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4869:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4813:
4811:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4650:(1135/36-1225)
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4529:
4527:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4460:(c.295–220 BC)
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4319:Proto-Elamite
4316:
4307:
4305:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4281:
4280:
4268:
4267:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4219:
4218:External links
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4169:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4143:Jewish history
4140:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:Related topics
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
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3996:
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3989:
3988:
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3865:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3849:
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3845:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:Durrani Empire
3799:
3798:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3759:
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3755:
3747:
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3740:
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3610:
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3600:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:Tibetan Empire
3544:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3502:
3499:
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3489:
3488:
3485:
3479:
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3475:
3469:
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3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3428:20 BC – 50? AD
3426:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3380:
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3360:
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3330:
3329:
3326:
3320:
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3316:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:Heads of state
3155:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:Timurid Empire
2947:
2946:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2857:
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2847:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:Nasrid dynasty
2737:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2635:pre-879 – 1215
2633:
2631:Ghurid dynasty
2627:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:Samanid Empire
2607:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:Alid dynasties
2587:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2455:
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2441:
2435:
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2431:
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2424:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2405:
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2401:
2395:
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2391:
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2384:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2187:Avestan period
2183:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2098:Jiroft culture
2094:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2072:
2069:Ancient period
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:5th millennium
2050:
2044:
2043:
2042:6th millennium
2037:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1917:978-0748612765
1916:
1901:
1896:978-0231544948
1895:
1882:
1873:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1808:
1802:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1767:, p. 107.
1757:
1755:, p. 108.
1745:
1730:
1718:
1703:
1701:, p. 104.
1691:
1679:
1664:
1662:, p. 120.
1649:
1634:
1632:, p. 258.
1622:
1615:
1595:
1593:, p. 795.
1578:
1540:
1528:
1522:. p. 51.
1510:
1492:
1474:
1456:
1437:
1421:10.2307/605756
1403:
1393:
1367:
1342:
1330:
1319:
1301:
1286:on May 2, 2013
1266:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1248:
1238:
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1232:
1231:
1230:
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1220:
1215:
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1200:
1193:
1190:
1189:
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1178:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1125:Wali-ud-Daulah
1111:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1056:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:المعضل ابن علي
1017:
1004:
1003:
1000:
989:
976:
975:
972:
961:
948:
947:
944:
929:
907:
906:
903:
900:عمرو بن اللیث
892:
879:
878:
875:
864:
838:
837:
829:
828:
825:
824:Personal Name
822:
815:
812:
783:
780:
766:
763:
695:
692:
653:Badghis region
648:
645:
624:
623:
540:
539:
530:
529:
528:
524:
523:
522:
521:
461:
458:
332:, and eastern
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
272:
266:
265:
258:
249:
246:
245:
240:
232:
231:
226:
218:
217:
212:
200:
199:
194:
184:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
149:Historical era
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
133:
130:
129:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8971:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8917:
8916:Soviet empire
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8901:Miscellaneous
8899:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8851:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8734:
8730:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8632:
8631:
8628:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8535:
8532:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8500:German Empire
8498:
8497:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8476:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8240:Turco-Persian
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8181:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7535:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7460:
7455:
7453:
7448:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7437:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7393:
7392:
7388:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7317:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7234:
7233:Chief Justice
7231:
7230:
7229:
7228:Supreme Court
7226:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7191:Deputy Leader
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7140:
7137:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6917:2001 invasion
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:Islamic State
6905:
6904:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:Hotak dynasty
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6775:Maurya Empire
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6727:
6725:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6683:Seljuk Empire
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6662:Sajid dynasty
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6564:Buyid dynasty
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6523:
6518:
6516:
6511:
6509:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6300:news agencies
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5661:Privatization
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5130:
5129:Years in Iran
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5053:Turco-Persian
5051:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4922:War (1980–88)
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:Qara Qoyunlu
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4515:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:550 BC–AD 224
4409:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4367:Neo-Assyrian
4365:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:List of years
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4070:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Paropamisadae
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3990:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:Islamic State
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3903:Islamic State
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3793:Afsharid Iran
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3773:Hotak dynasty
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3414:Kushan Empire
3412:
3411:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3388:247 BC–224 AD
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:Maurya Empire
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3324:Median Empire
3322:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3058:Modern period
3054:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:Afsharid Iran
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:Hotak dynasty
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:Seljuk Empire
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2681:Buyid dynasty
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:Sajid dynasty
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:132 BC–224 AD
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:141 BC–222 AD
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2413:147 BC–224 AD
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:247 BC–224 AD
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:320s BC–17 AD
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2351: 323 BC
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:331 BC–428 AD
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:550 BC–330 BC
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:626 BC–539 BC
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:635 BC–550 BC
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2267:Median Empire
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:Proto-Elamite
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2051:
2049:
2048:Dalma culture
2046:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:20,000–10,000
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:36,000–18,000
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1874:9780199689170
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1777:Cunliffe 2015
1773:
1766:
1765:Bosworth 1975
1761:
1754:
1753:Bosworth 1975
1749:
1743:, p. 90.
1742:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1699:Bosworth 1969
1695:
1689:, p. 41.
1688:
1683:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1599:
1592:
1591:Bosworth 1995
1587:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1538:, p. 24.
1537:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1396:
1394:9780198662624
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1340:, p. 15.
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1149:
1146:Conquered by
1138:
1126:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1094:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1048:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1009:
1005:
993:
981:
977:
965:
953:
949:
933:
922:
912:
908:
896:
884:
880:
868:
853:
843:
839:
835:
830:
821:Titular Name
819:
811:
809:
805:
801:
800:C.E. Bosworth
798:According to
796:
794:
793:Nizam al-Mulk
790:
779:
775:
773:
762:
760:
756:
751:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
720:
715:
708:
704:
700:
691:
689:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
639:
635:
629:
628:
621:
617:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
534:
520:
518:
517:tribal chiefs
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:Ismail Samani
443:
439:
438:Amr bin Laith
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
308:
299:
295:
273:
271:
268:
267:
259:
257:
254:
253:
250:
244:
241:
234:
233:
230:
227:
220:
219:
216:
213:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
185:
181:
177:
171:
167:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
131:
128:
125:
119:
115:
111:
108:
103:
100:
97:
93:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
48:
38:
33:
19:
8667:Contemporary
8517:Indo-Persian
8505:Nazi Germany
8449:Contemporary
8351:Vijayanagara
8250:Great Seljuk
8161:Thessalonica
8089:Golden Horde
8009:
7729:Carthaginian
7508:Neo-Assyrian
7493:Neo-Sumerian
7410:Bibliography
7211:Human rights
7166:Constitution
7047:Demographics
6795:Hindu Shahis
6610:Hasanwayhids
6548:
6434:Other topics
6418:
6346:Persian name
6285:Islamization
6227:
6187:Architecture
6140:universities
6085:Zoroastrians
6080:Christianity
6070:Baháʼí Faith
6020:Azerbaijanis
5927:Demographics
5741:Construction
5729:Central Bank
5671:Space Agency
5566:Child labour
5401:Principlists
5381:Cyberwarfare
5329:Human rights
5294:Constitution
5089:Azerbaijanis
5058:Indo-Persian
5038:Greater Iran
4909:siege (1980)
4868:1979–present
4580:
4519:early modern
4517:Medieval and
4311:Kura-Araxes
4223:
4126:List of wars
3975:(reinstated)
3935:(reinstated)
3607:
3308:2100–1800 BC
3298:2200–1800 BC
3168:LGBT history
3128:1979–present
3077:Pahlavi Iran
3040:Zand dynasty
3008:Safavid Iran
2971:Qara Qoyunlu
2861:Kurt dynasty
2701:Hasanwayhids
2620:
2501:
2479:Qarinvandids
2383:281 BC–62 BC
2373:312 BC–63 BC
1986:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1906:
1886:
1878:
1864:
1850:
1841:
1816:
1812:
1793:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1721:
1712:
1706:
1694:
1687:Dabashi 2019
1682:
1673:
1667:
1660:Meisami 1999
1643:
1637:
1625:
1605:
1598:
1556:
1552:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1412:
1406:
1398:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1338:Meisami 1999
1333:
1324:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1290:September 3,
1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
1279:
1270:
1251:
1242:
1154:in 1002 CE.
1141:963–1002 CE
1124:
1114:
1092:
1082:
1046:
1036:
1007:
979:
969:اللیث بن علي
951:
920:
910:
882:
851:
841:
797:
788:
787:warrior - a
785:
776:
768:
752:
724:
681:
656:
650:
633:
625:
615:
605:
593:
554:
490:Hindu Shahis
463:
435:
399:Kabul Valley
384:
363:
357:
293:
291:
197:Succeeded by
196:
191:
8255:Khwarezmian
8188:Carolingian
7993:Rashtrakuta
7697:Shaishunaga
7596:Hellenistic
7579:New Kingdom
7569:Old Kingdom
7013:Earthquakes
6790:Turk Shahis
6745:Afghanistan
6451:Tehrangeles
6414:Traditional
6151:Nationality
6089:persecution
6074:persecution
6025:Circassians
5974:Neo-Aramaic
5954:Azerbaijani
5826:State-owned
5751:Health care
5714:Agriculture
5551:Brain drain
5490:Ambassadors
5185:Earthquakes
4722:Aq Qoyunlu
4671:Muzaffarid
4648:Eldiguzids
4640:Anushtegin
4466:Kingdom of
4442:Kingdom of
4434:Kingdom of
4426:Atropatene
4418:Achaemenid
4359:Kingdom of
4304:3400–539 BC
4046:Kushanshahr
3923:US invasion
3658:Khwarezmids
3508:Kabul Shahi
3463:Alchon Huns
3318:1500–535 BC
3259:Afghanistan
3257:History of
2851:Mihrabanids
2811:Hazaraspids
2571:Baduspanids
2449:Paratarajas
2443:19 AD–224/5
1961:History of
1536:Baumer 2016
1358:"Saffarids"
1208:Mihrabanids
1130:ولي الدولة
1109:922–963 CE
1069:912–913 CE
1002:910–911 CE
997:محمد بن علي
974:908–910 CE
946:901–908 CE
905:879–901 CE
877:861–879 CE
856:coppersmith
808:Shia Muslim
727:Amr Saffari
717:Coinage of
547:Hindu Shahi
415:Balochistan
407:Tocharistan
393:, annexing
354:Afghanistan
192:Preceded by
8933:Categories
8825:Portuguese
8706:Revival Le
8696:Vietnamese
8339:Later Tran
8309:Vietnamese
8205:Singhasari
8193:Holy Roman
7817:Bulgarian
7753:Satavahana
7724:Phoenician
7660:Achaemenid
7621:Indo-Greek
7601:Macedonian
7515:Babylonian
7171:Loya jirga
7090:Nuristanis
6902:since 1992
6897:Soviet war
6875:Saqqawists
6678:Ghaznavids
6657:Banu Ilyas
6605:Shaddadids
6351:Philosophy
6310:newspapers
6291:Literature
6196:architects
6191:Achaemenid
6111:Corruption
5571:Corruption
5411:Reformists
5406:Propaganda
5304:Corruption
5289:Censorship
5232:Lake Urmia
4920:Iran–Iraq
4616:Ghaznavid
4494:AD 224–651
4458:Frataraka
4290:Prehistory
4061:Zabulistan
4036:Kafiristan
4031:Kabulistan
3853:Daoud coup
3688:Qarlughids
3628:Ghaznavids
3538:Tang China
3483:Nezak Huns
3408:155–80? BC
3378:256–125 BC
3368:305–180 BC
3358:312–150 BC
3348:330–312 BC
3338:550–330 BC
3328:728–550 BC
3067:Qajar Iran
2981:Aq Qoyunlu
2965:1370s–1592
2801:Salghurids
2781:Eldiguzids
2751:Shabankara
2725:990/1–1117
2469:Zarmihrids
2389:Fratarakas
2343:Atropatene
2281:652–625 BC
2271:678–550 BC
1280:World Eras
1263:References
1218:Ghaznavids
1093:Abu Ja'far
921:Abul-Hasan
478:Zamindawar
387:Hindu Kush
380:Uzbekistan
376:Tajikistan
318:Persianate
270:Ghaznavids
95:Government
8818:Couronian
8456:Ethiopian
8444:Manchukuo
8399:Brazilian
8245:Ghaznavid
8215:Srivijaya
8166:Trebizond
8151:Byzantine
8133:North Sea
8128:Norwegian
8116:Almoravid
8099:Ilkhanate
8069:Majapahit
8042:Muromachi
7951:Solomonic
7936:Ethiopian
7850:Caliphate
7783:Aragonese
7611:Ptolemaic
7337:Education
7306:Transport
7127:Languages
7100:Qizilbash
7028:Volcanoes
6986:Geography
6641:Ma'munids
6636:Afrighids
6600:Marwanids
6316:Mythology
6222:Calendars
6212:Astronomy
6121:Education
6030:Georgians
6015:Assyrians
6010:Armenians
5936:Languages
5828:companies
5791:Transport
5771:Petroleum
5556:Companies
5495:President
5482:Officials
5416:Terrorism
5365:Air Force
5309:Elections
5247:Provinces
5242:Mountains
5152:Geography
5072:languages
4810:1925–1979
4738:Afsharid
4699:1370–1925
4687:Chobanid
4581:Saffarid
4533:Rashidun
4501:Sasanian
4482:Kings of
4474:Parthian
4450:Seleucid
4391:Scythian
4351:Kassites
4335:Akkadian
4227:Saffarids
4001:Arachosia
3967:2004–2021
3952:2001–2004
3917:1996–2001
3907:1992–1996
3887:1978–1992
3867:1973–1978
3847:1926–1973
3827:1823–1926
3817:1818–1855
3807:1747–1823
3797:1738–1747
3787:1716–1732
3777:1709–1738
3767:1510–1709
3757:1501–1738
3732:1520–1591
3722:1370–1507
3712:1245–1381
3702:1256–1335
3698:Ilkhanate
3692:1224–1266
3682:1226–1245
3672:1219–1226
3662:1215–1231
3652:1037–1194
3608:Saffarids
3398:180–90 BC
3081:1925–1979
3071:1789–1925
3044:1751–1794
3034:1736–1796
3024:1722–1729
3012:1501–1736
2985:1468–1508
2975:1406–1468
2955:1370–1507
2945:1359–1596
2941:Mar'ashis
2935:1349–1504
2925:1335–1357
2915:1337–1376
2911:Sarbadars
2905:1337–1376
2895:1335–1393
2885:1335–1357
2875:1256–1335
2865:1244–1396
2855:1236–1537
2845:1223-1306
2835:1184-1597
2825:1155–1231
2815:1155–1424
2805:1148–1282
2795:1141–1319
2785:1135–1225
2775:1077–1231
2765:1037–1194
2755:1030–1355
2745:1029–1236
2735:1008–1141
2581:Justanids
2551:Bavandids
2419:Characene
2181:1500–1155
2168:2400–2150
2158:2400–1700
2145:2550-2020
2105:3100–2200
2092:3200–2700
2082:3400–2000
2029:6000–5000
926:أبو الحسن
852:al-Saffar
804:Kharijite
789:mutatawwi
778:Persian.
753:In 1002,
673:Khuzestan
661:Khuzestan
647:Expansion
622:to left,
474:Arachosia
307:romanized
8798:Japanese
8761:Scottish
8741:American
8733:Colonial
8662:Imperial
8630:Moroccan
8566:Japanese
8544:Afsharid
8403:Burmese
8389:Austrian
8344:Later Le
8319:Early Le
8304:Venetian
8230:Tiwanaku
8143:Hellenic
8106:Moroccan
8037:Kamakura
8027:Japanese
8010:Saffarid
7963:Georgian
7877:Chalukya
7855:Rashidun
7845:Calakmul
7813:Bruneian
7692:Haryanka
7670:Sasanian
7665:Parthian
7616:Bactrian
7606:Seleucid
7586:Goguryeo
7564:Egyptian
7498:Assyrian
7488:Akkadian
7479:Colonies
7419:Category
7377:War rugs
7372:Religion
7357:Olympics
7286:Taxation
7149:Politics
7110:Turkmens
7095:Pashtuns
7070:Farsiwan
7033:Wildlife
6950:Timeline
6943:By topic
6749:articles
6671:See also
6615:Annazids
6477:Category
6370:football
6361:Scouting
6271:Iranians
6261:Folklore
6057:Religion
5969:Georgian
5949:Armenian
5810:shipping
5805:railways
5795:airlines
5761:Industry
5626:Taxation
5440:Councils
5356:Military
5271:Politics
5252:Wildlife
5217:Caucasus
5099:Persians
5026:See also
4850:Iranian
4817:Pahlavi
4730:Safavid
4706:Timurid
4609:977–1432
4589:Ziyarid
4565:Tahirid
4557:Samanid
4549:Abbasid
4541:Umayyad
4526:632–1090
4343:Lullubi
4327:Elamite
4167:Category
4041:Khorasan
4021:Gandhara
3962:politics
3863:Republic
3763:Safavids
3718:Timurids
3632:963–1187
3618:Samanids
3598:Tahirids
3588:Abbasids
3558:Umayyads
3500:Medieval
3276:Timeline
3248:a series
3246:Part of
3195:Timeline
3153:Monarchs
2731:Kakuyids
2721:Annazids
2715:977–1186
2705:959–1095
2695:955–1070
2685:934–1062
2671:Ilyasids
2665:930–1090
2655:919–1062
2625:861–1003
2575:665–1598
2555:651–1349
2541:Dabuyids
2535:750–1258
2194:1500–500
2174:Kassites
2132:2700–539
2122:3100-675
1988:BCE / BC
1952:a series
1950:Part of
1863:(2015).
1741:Tor 2007
1726:Tor 2007
1452:contempt
1213:Samanids
1192:See also
1098:ابو جعفر
1047:Abu Hafs
782:Religion
759:Khalaf I
735:Samanids
725:In 901,
514:Buddhist
488:and the
460:Founding
454:Samanids
444:against
431:Abbasids
395:Khorasan
372:Pakistan
316:) was a
313:safāryān
153:Medieval
139:Khalaf I
50:861–1002
18:Saffarid
8865:largest
8860:Empires
8840:Swedish
8835:Spanish
8830:Russian
8793:Italian
8768:Chinese
8756:English
8751:British
8746:Belgian
8721:Vietnam
8711:Tay son
8657:Tsarist
8652:Russian
8647:Ottoman
8613:Dzungar
8608:Khoshut
8581:Mexican
8576:Maratha
8559:Pahlavi
8539:Safavid
8534:Iranian
8461:Haitian
8424:Chinese
8384:Ashanti
8356:Wagadou
8282:Eastern
8277:Western
8260:Timurid
8220:Tibetan
8210:Songhai
8200:Serbian
8121:Almohad
8111:Idrisid
8015:Samanid
8005:Tahirid
8000:Iranian
7978:Kannauj
7958:Genoese
7894:Chinese
7887:Eastern
7882:Western
7870:Fatimid
7865:Abbasid
7860:Umayyad
7833:Burmese
7793:Ayyubid
7788:Angevin
7758:Xianbei
7746:Eastern
7741:Western
7687:Magadha
7650:Iranian
7643:Xiongnu
7628:Hittite
7537:Chinese
7525:Kassite
7474:Ancient
7466:Empires
7396:Outline
7332:Cuisine
7320:Culture
7296:Tourism
7249:Economy
7196:Cabinet
7161:Taliban
7080:Hazaras
7003:Borders
6880:Emirate
6757:History
6420:Ey Iran
6368: (
6328: (
6304:student
6302: (
6298: (
6283: (
6251:Cuisine
6236:Fashion
6224: (
6204: (
6189: (
6175:Culture
6123: (
6087: (
6072: (
6045:Turkmen
5997: (
5988:Peoples
5959:Kurdish
5915:Society
5816:Tourism
5793: (
5783: (
5773: (
5753: (
5746:Defense
5716: (
5706:Sectors
5693: (
5653: (
5558: (
5539:General
5528:Economy
5418: (
5388: (
5358: (
5311: (
5296: (
5282:General
5237:Islands
5173:largest
5163:Borders
4632:Seljuk
4624:Ghurid
4573:Alavid
4383:Median
4375:Urartu
4297:Ancient
4277:History
4091:Culture
4016:Bactria
3944:Interim
3843:Kingdom
3823:Emirate
3753:Mughals
3728:Arghuns
3708:Kartids
3648:Seljuks
3638:Ghurids
3622:875–999
3612:863–900
3602:821–873
3592:750–821
3582:750-977
3572:680–870
3568:Zunbils
3562:661–750
3552:660–842
3542:660–669
3532:652–661
3512:565–879
3487:484–711
3477:410–557
3467:380–560
3448:320–465
3438:230–651
3285:Ancient
2921:Injuids
2675:932–968
2645:889–929
2615:819–999
2605:821–873
2565:651–760
2545:642–760
2525:661–750
2515:632-661
2503:CE / AD
2463:224–651
2453:125–300
2409:Elymais
2353:–226 AD
2244:720-670
2240:Saparda
2234:750-521
2230:Zikirti
2224:850–616
2220:Mannaea
2214:860–590
2204:911–609
2138:Marhaši
1833:4299615
1819:: 104.
1786:Sources
1573:4299599
1161:Gallery
1150:of the
1075:Samanid
1052:ابو حفص
1031:911 CE
765:Culture
733:by the
694:Decline
684:Abbasid
638:Justice
606:Reverse
602:trisula
561:legend
555:Obverse
502:Badghis
486:Zunbils
452:of the
450:vassals
427:Baghdad
368:warlord
338:Persian
322:Iranian
309::
302:صفاریان
298:Persian
243:Zunbils
84:Persian
70:Capital
44:صفاریان
8803:Mongol
8788:German
8783:French
8773:Danish
8716:Dainam
8691:Tongan
8679:Somali
8674:Sokoto
8640:'Alawi
8618:Kalmyk
8598:Mongol
8591:Second
8571:Korean
8522:Mughal
8512:Indian
8495:German
8488:Second
8478:French
8471:Second
8407:Second
8379:Afghan
8371:Modern
8297:Kyrgyz
8292:Uighur
8287:Second
8267:Turkic
8235:Toltec
8171:Epirus
8156:Nicaea
8079:Mongol
8032:Yamato
7968:Huetar
7826:Second
7763:Rouran
7712:Shunga
7707:Maurya
7682:Kushan
7655:Median
7633:Hunnic
7591:Harsha
7424:Portal
7367:Poetry
7352:Cinema
7276:Mining
7271:Energy
7122:Health
7115:Uzbeks
7105:Tajiks
7075:Gurjar
7065:Baloch
6747:
6487:Portal
6246:Cinema
6228:Nowruz
6125:higher
5999:abroad
5964:Hebrew
5870:Places
5766:Mining
5591:Energy
5168:Cities
5084:Aryans
4803:Modern
4754:Qajar
4597:Buyid
4265:topics
4056:Sistan
4011:Ariana
3745:Modern
3250:on the
2307:Sogdia
2210:Urartu
1954:on the
1914:
1893:
1871:
1831:
1800:
1613:
1571:
1559:: 34.
1429:605756
1427:
1391:
1317:
861:الصفار
827:Reign
707:Shiraz
688:Kerman
665:Kerman
620:Nagari
559:Nagari
551:dirham
504:, and
494:Bamyan
419:Kerman
411:Makran
364:ṣaffār
334:Makran
326:Persia
112:
105:Amir (
74:Zaranj
8853:Lists
8808:Omani
8778:Dutch
8684:Isaaq
8635:Saadi
8603:Oirat
8586:First
8554:Qajar
8483:First
8466:First
8439:China
8412:Third
8272:First
8225:Tikal
8176:Morea
8146:Roman
8064:Latin
8059:Khmer
8054:Kanem
8020:Buyid
7946:Zagwe
7941:Aksum
7931:Chola
7838:First
7821:First
7808:Bornu
7803:Benin
7798:Aztec
7736:Roman
7717:Gupta
7702:Nanda
7638:White
7403:Index
7347:Music
7221:women
7139:Women
7060:Arabs
6381:Music
6366:Sport
6296:Media
6281:Islam
6217:Blogs
6161:Women
6116:Crime
6104:Other
6065:Islam
6035:Kurds
5800:metro
5718:fruit
5676:Setad
4746:Zand
4656:Kart
3979:since
3578:Lawik
2115:Zamua
1829:JSTOR
1569:JSTOR
1425:JSTOR
1234:Notes
618:) in
543:Kabul
510:Islam
498:Balkh
482:Kabul
470:Ayyar
403:Sindh
359:ayyār
8623:Bogd
8549:Zand
8527:Sikh
8434:Qing
8429:Ming
8361:Wari
8329:Tran
8314:Dinh
8084:Yuan
8074:Mali
7983:Pala
7973:Inca
7924:Yuan
7914:Song
7909:Liao
7904:Tang
7677:Kush
7559:Dʿmt
7342:Flag
7216:LGBT
6409:Rock
6394:Jazz
6389:Folk
6255:wine
6040:Jews
5370:Navy
5360:Army
5339:LGBT
4263:Iran
4121:Wars
4101:Name
4026:Iran
4006:Aria
3981:2021
3938:2001
3927:2001
3897:1990
3877:1978
3857:1973
3837:1929
3183:Wars
3148:Name
3118:1979
3108:1979
2128:Elam
1963:Iran
1912:ISBN
1891:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1813:Iran
1798:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1553:Iran
1389:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1292:2012
1120:أمیر
1115:Amir
1088:أمیر
1083:Amir
1042:أمیر
1037:Amir
1013:أمیر
1008:Amir
985:أمیر
980:Amir
957:أمیر
952:Amir
916:أمیر
911:Amir
888:أمیر
883:Amir
847:أمیر
842:Amir
669:Fars
634:’adl
600:"),
598:Raja
506:Ghor
423:Fars
378:and
292:The
178:1002
107:Emir
8701:Mac
8138:Oyo
8047:Edo
7919:Jīn
7899:Sui
7552:Jin
7547:Han
7542:Qin
7085:Kho
6399:Pop
6202:Art
5785:TCI
3454:Rob
1821:doi
1561:doi
1417:doi
1381:doi
705:of
636:, "
627:عدل
476:),
417:),
168:861
8935::
8334:Ho
8324:Ly
2348:c.
2312:c.
2192:c.
2179:c.
2156:c.
2143:c.
2120:c.
2103:c.
2053:c.
2040:c.
2027:c.
2014:c.
2001:c.
1877:.
1827:.
1815:.
1733:^
1652:^
1581:^
1567:.
1555:.
1543:^
1431:.
1423:.
1415:.
1397:.
1387:.
1360:.
1356:.
1345:^
1323:.
1294:.
1278:.
836:.
810:.
663:,
616:ma
500:,
496:,
433:.
421:,
409:,
405:,
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382:.
374:,
328:,
304:,
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6232:)
6230:)
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6198:)
6142:)
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6076:)
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5697:)
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2113:/
1920:.
1899:.
1835:.
1823::
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1619:.
1575:.
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