1061:
169:
1655:
1259:
1754:
691:
826:
are the wettest monsoon period in the southern part of the mountain range. Annual rainfall in this region averages 100 cm (39 in) to 900 cm (350 in), with an average rainfall of 250 cm (98 in). The total amount of rain does not depend on the spread of the area; areas in northern
Maharashtra receive heavy rainfall followed by long dry spells, while regions closer to the equator receive lower annual rainfall and have rain spells lasting several months in a year.
7900:
786:
47:
627:
7855:
1445:
7843:
7918:
7883:
869:
1851:
to assess the biodiversity and environmental issues of the
Western Ghats, designated the entire region as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) and assigned three levels of Ecological Sensitivity to its different regions. Subsequent committees formed have recommended various suggestions to protect the
825:
throughout the year. Mean temperatures range from 20 °C (68 °F) in the south to 24 °C (75 °F) in the north. Subtropical or temperate climates, and occasional near-zero temperatures during winter are experienced in regions with higher elevations. The coldest period in the region
793:
The
Western Ghats play an important role in determining the climate and seasons in India. During the dry summer months of April – May, heat builds up on the land, which draws air from the sea. The air, which picks up moisture along the way and flows eastward from the Arabian Sea, is
1020:
occurring in the
Western Ghats of which 5,588 were described as indigenous, 376 are naturalized exotics, and 1,438 species are cultivated or planted. Among the indigenous species, 2,253 species are endemic to India and of them, 1,273 species are exclusively confined to the Western Ghats. 645 tree
432:
continent. The mountains can be roughly divided into three parts: the northern section with an elevation ranging from 900–1,500 m (3,000–4,900 ft), the middle section starting from the south of Goa with a lower elevation of less than 900 m (3,000 ft), and the southern section
727:
The mountains can be roughly divided into three parts: the northern section with an elevation ranging from 900–1,500 m (3,000–4,900 ft), the middle section starting from the south of Goa with a lower elevation of less than 900 m (3,000 ft), and the southern section where the
617:
continent. Several faults triggered the formation of
Western Ghats, then interspersed with valleys and river gorges. Because of the elevation of the Deccan plateau on the west, most rivers flow from west to east, resulting in chiselled eastern slopes and steeper western slopes facing the sea.
768:
owing to the steeper gradient moving from east to west, and many smaller streams drain the region, often carrying a large volume of water during the monsoon months. The streams and rivers give rise to numerous waterfalls in the region. The rivers have been dammed for
1709:, which is restricted to the spray zone of waterfalls. According to the IUCN, four species of freshwater molluscs are considered endangered and three are vulnerable. An additional 19 species are considered data deficient.
4438:
1847:, comprising 5,500 km (2,100 sq mi) of the forests, forms the largest contiguous protected area in the Western Ghats. In August 2011, the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP), appointed by the Union
444:
of India, feeding many perennial river systems that drain almost 40% of the land area of the country. Because of the higher elevation of the Deccan plateau on the west, most rivers flow from eastwards towards the
2264:
3700:
Benziger, A.; Philip, S.; Raghavan, R.; Ali, P.H.A.; Sukumaran, M.; Tharian, J.C.; Dahanukar, N.; Baby, F.; Peter, R.; Devi, K.R.; Radhakrishnan, K.V.; Haniffa, M.A.; Britz, R.; Antunes, A. (2011).
4140:
1016:
Earlier sources indicated about four to five thousand vascular plant species of which nearly one-third was endemic to the region. Later studies and publications have recorded 7,402 species of
3588:
Raghavan; Prasad; Ali; Pereira (2008). "Fish fauna of
Chalakudy River, part of Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, Kerala, India: patterns of distribution, threats and conservation needs".
2125:
3230:
4346:
752:
of India, feeding many perennial rivers. These major river systems drain almost 40% of the land area of the country. The major river systems originating in the
Western Ghats are the
4172:
4428:
3478:
3514:
2601:
3007:
1623:
in 2011, including 12 critically endangered, 54 endangered, and 31 vulnerable. The reservoirs in the region are important for their commercial and sport fisheries of
457:
winds flowing eastward from the
Arabian Sea, resulting in rainfall along the western coast. By the time the air rises above the mountains, it becomes dry, forming a
1227:. The endemic Nilgiri tahr, which was on the brink of extinction, has recovered and had an estimated 3,122 individuals in 2015. Smaller endemic species include the
1203:
population in the wild, with an estimated 11,000 individuals across eight distinct populations. Other mammals include endangered and vulnerable species such as the
2653:
7419:
4314:
2784:
1780:
in the region, large swathes of territory were cleared for agricultural plantations and timber. The forests in the
Western Ghats were severely fragmented due to
4195:
2753:
2727:
4249:
3922:
2256:
3571:
4130:
2471:
3702:"Unraveling a 146 years old taxonomic puzzle: Validation of Malabar Snakehead, species-status and its relevance for channid systematics and evolution"
7810:
6825:
4406:
2018:
4105:
3804:
Vincent, M.; Thomas, J. (2011). "Kryptoglanis shajii, an enigmatic subterranean-spring catfish (Siluriformes, Incertae sedis) from Kerala, India".
838:. It consists of nearly 30% of all the species of flora and fauna found in India, most of which are endemic to this region. At least 325 globally
7547:
4279:
2368:
1840:
1455:
There is a higher fish species richness in the southern part of the
Western Ghats. There are 13 genera entirely restricted to the Western Ghats (
851:
2390:
Samani, R.L.; Ayhad, A.P. (2002). "Siltation of Reservoirs-Koyna Hydroelectric Project-A Case Study". In S. P. Kaushish; B. S. K. Naidu (eds.).
1685:) have been recorded from the Western Ghats, but the actual number is likely higher. This includes 28 endemics. Among the threatened freshwater
3220:
5905:
2627:
100:
4336:
2521:
Myers, N.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Mittermeier, C.G.; Da Fonseca, G.A.B.; Kent, J. (2000). "Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities".
1737:), including 69 endemics. Most of the endemic odonate are closely associated with rivers and streams, while the non-endemics are typically
2948:
Myers, N.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Mittermeier, C.G.; Fonseca, G.A.B.Da; Kent, J. (2000). "Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities".
7635:
7412:
3878:
Dahanukar, N.; Raut, R.; Bhat, A. (2004). "Distribution, endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats of India".
3668:
3252:
Molur, S.; Brandon-Jones, D.; Dittus, W.; Eudey, A.; Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Feeroz, M.M.; Chalise, M.; Priya, P. & Walker, S. (2003).
2445:
965:
942:
1277:
is restricted to the region. Several endemic reptile genera and species occur here, with the region having a significant population of
990:
4227:
1920:
472:. It contains a large number of different species of flora and fauna, most of which are endemic to this region. At least 325 globally
4162:
3378:
Wallace and Savage: heroes, theories and venomous snake mimicry, Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics, a Herpetological Perspective
3195:
1768:
Historically, the Western Ghats were covered in dense forests. which formed the natural habitat for wildlife along with the native
923:
896:
642:
in the north and runs approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) to the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, where it ends at the
4984:
3485:
3502:
2147:
7952:
7718:
7567:
7405:
4497:
3856:
2419:
810:
side towards the interior of the Deccan plateau. The monsoon winds rounding up the peninsula and moving from the east from the
2597:
2179:"Ancient Geographical Gaps and Paleo-Climate Shape the Phylogeography of an Endemic Bird in the Sky Islands of Southern India"
7428:
7345:
5001:
3565:
3415:
3360:
3141:
2897:
2872:
2679:
2581:
2399:
2348:
2323:
2298:
1976:
1951:
1860:
708:. The average elevation is around 1,200 m (3,900 ft). There are three gaps in the mountain range: the northernmost
655:
362:
4376:
4055:
4027:
4008:
3000:
6755:
3036:
1992:
Barron, E.J.; Harrison, C.G.A.; Sloan, J.L. II; Hay, W.W. (1981). "Paleogeography, 180 million years ago to the present".
7871:
7688:
7652:
7366:
6890:
6765:
6150:
1848:
2649:
1053:. As per a 2010 report, following is the distribution of faunal species in the Western Ghats apart from more than 6,000
704:
The Western Ghats form an almost continuous chain of mountains running parallel to the western coast of India along the
433:
where the altitude rises again. The Western Ghats have several peaks that rise above 2,000 m (6,600 ft), with
6060:
5090:
3396:
699:
453:. The Western Ghats play an important role in determining the climate and seasons in India. It blocks the rain-bearing
4304:
2780:
1788:
species and habitat specialists, which depleted faster than other species. Complex and species-rich habitats like the
1060:
7962:
7942:
7371:
6865:
6835:
1738:
1718:
437:(2,695 m (8,842 ft)) being the highest peak. The average elevation is around 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
2841:
7957:
7947:
7673:
6155:
5920:
3058:
2913:
Nameer, P.O.; Molur, Sanjay; Walker, Sally (November 2001). "Mammals of the Western Ghats: A Simplistic Overview".
2749:
2723:
7967:
6810:
3953:
2094:
1863:. In 2012, 39 sites divided into seven clusters across the Western Ghats, were declared as World Heritage Sites.
1856:
865:, with the northern portion of the range generally drier than the southern portion. These include the following:
3552:
504:
7992:
7987:
7922:
6855:
6690:
1367:
817:
Climate in the mountains shows variations with altitude across the range. Due to its physical proximity to the
168:
4202:
2040:
736:
before continuing south. The Western Ghats have many peaks that rise above 2,000 m (6,600 ft), with
7982:
7597:
7526:
6885:
6880:
6870:
6850:
6720:
6695:
4773:
4253:
2815:
1836:
1429:
1286:
3479:
An evaluation of the endemism of the amphibian assemblages from the Western Ghats using molecular techniques
3254:
Status of South Asian Primates: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (C.A.M.P.) Workshop Report, 2003
2467:
300:
7972:
7728:
7723:
7472:
7449:
5535:
5133:
3340:
3336:
1386:
93:
4398:
7678:
7340:
6875:
6730:
4977:
4827:
3187:
2014:
1828:
1390:
1228:
4074:
2497:
416:
Geologic evidence indicates that the mountains were formed during the break-up of the supercontinent of
7833:
7822:
7785:
7625:
7572:
6895:
6840:
6830:
6770:
6735:
6715:
6705:
6040:
5745:
5343:
4490:
1021:
species were recorded with a high endemic ratio of 56%. There are 850 – 1000 species of
994:
4196:
Impact of rainforest fragmentation on small mammals and herpetofauna in the Western Ghats, South India
2364:
1792:
are much more adversely affected than other habitats. The primary threats to fauna were not only from
1639:
or marine water. Several new species have been described from the region since the last decade (e.g.,
7977:
6820:
6815:
6790:
6750:
6710:
5800:
5188:
4883:
3349:
The Status and Distribution of Reptiles in the Western Ghats, India: Conservation and Management Plan
2811:
1844:
1757:
1722:
1647:
17:
1285:
of the Western Ghats are diverse and unique, with a high proportion of species being endemic to the
7662:
7541:
7498:
7376:
6780:
6745:
6627:
6586:
6491:
6451:
5263:
4888:
3314:
3118:
1824:
1761:
1654:
1584:
795:
324:
72:
4268:
2623:
591:. Geologic evidence indicates that they were formed during the break-up of the super-continent of
7748:
7592:
7444:
7361:
6805:
6795:
6680:
6471:
5770:
4947:
4942:
4912:
4878:
1832:
1375:
3781:
3760:
3269:"Responses of small carnivores to rainforest fragmentation in the southern Western Ghats, India"
7937:
7800:
7536:
7388:
6800:
6775:
6725:
6700:
6685:
6675:
6065:
5725:
4970:
4873:
4837:
4615:
4469:
4093:
3510:
1902:
1463:
1433:
1425:
1379:
1240:
1013:, a unique type of stunted tropical montane forest found in the valleys between the mountains.
721:
3675:
3455:
3434:
2441:
802:
season in June. By the time the air rises above the mountains, it becomes dry, resulting in a
7254:
7194:
6845:
6740:
6581:
6531:
6055:
5423:
4899:
4858:
4575:
4483:
3381:
3191:
2062:
1413:
1409:
1244:
1049:
The Western Ghats are home to thousands of species of fauna, including at least 325 globally
875:, a unique type of stunted tropical montane forest found in the valleys between the mountains
7630:
7184:
6546:
6526:
6431:
6391:
6366:
6300:
5585:
4651:
4219:
3887:
3813:
3713:
3597:
3416:
A Report on the Survey of Rainforest Fragments in the Western Ghats for Amphibian Diversity
3344:
2957:
2530:
2231:. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations. 1982. p. 2.
1916:
1789:
1695:
1405:
835:
814:
pass over the Eastern Ghats and bring the majority of the rainfall to the plains up north.
651:
469:
402:
7568:
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
1753:
1258:
605:
evidence indicates that the mountains came along the west coast of India somewhere in the
8:
7683:
7640:
7602:
7119:
7074:
6556:
6521:
6506:
6466:
6220:
5740:
5645:
5484:
5449:
4932:
4927:
4917:
4868:
4804:
4799:
4713:
4625:
4223:
1820:
1371:
1204:
862:
720:. The narrow coastal plain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea is known as the
524:
500:
480:
354:
292:
255:
239:
3891:
3817:
3717:
3601:
3419:
3174:
2961:
2534:
389:. The range forms an almost continuous chain of mountains along the western edge of the
7906:
7889:
7299:
7289:
7214:
7164:
6760:
6576:
6486:
6401:
6336:
6265:
6095:
6045:
5970:
5950:
5750:
5479:
5278:
4922:
4907:
4863:
4853:
4595:
4135:
4097:
4059:
4033:
4029:
An Overview of Insect Diversity of Western Ghats with Special Reference to Kerala State
4012:
3945:
3903:
3829:
3786:
3736:
3701:
3613:
3460:
2981:
2930:
2554:
2205:
2178:
1813:
1769:
1678:
1620:
1417:
1394:
1248:
1092:
1050:
839:
690:
654:. It covers an area of 160,000 km (62,000 sq mi), traversing across the
643:
495:
and the cardinal direction in which it is located with respect to the Indian mainland.
473:
267:
173:
Satellite imagery showing the Western Ghats running parallel to the west coast of India
4201:(Report). Salim Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore. Archived from
7531:
7493:
6446:
6381:
6331:
6245:
5980:
5835:
5650:
5620:
5595:
5530:
5520:
5515:
5459:
4937:
4733:
4550:
4101:
3899:
3741:
3561:
3464:
3356:
3291:
3268:
3095:
2973:
2893:
2868:
2808:
The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats, India:Community ecology and conservation
2577:
2546:
2395:
2344:
2319:
2294:
2210:
2155:
1972:
1947:
1673:, resulting in their high abundance and diversity, including at least 258 species of
1658:
1594:
1589:
1517:
4006:
3949:
3907:
3848:
3833:
3790:
2934:
2415:
7778:
7478:
7154:
7129:
7089:
7019:
6984:
6979:
6606:
6561:
6541:
6411:
6225:
6200:
6160:
6100:
6090:
6070:
5955:
5890:
5885:
5870:
5840:
5795:
5640:
5213:
5203:
4753:
4676:
4600:
4089:
3987:
3937:
3895:
3821:
3776:
3731:
3721:
3648:
3617:
3605:
3450:
3309:
3113:
3006:(Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
2985:
2965:
2926:
2922:
2558:
2538:
2200:
2190:
1797:
1580:
1538:
1511:
1278:
1236:
822:
610:
425:
358:
3992:
3971:
3554:
The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India
3439:
Biju and Bossuyt (Amphibia: Anura; Nasikabatrachidae) in the Western Ghats, India"
3400:
3156:
2701:
2675:
1199:
population, estimated at 985 in 2022. The Western Ghats ecoregion has the largest
1009:
are found in high altitude locations in the south Western Ghats interspersed with
7738:
7584:
7264:
7124:
7094:
7084:
7009:
6637:
6611:
6601:
6571:
6551:
6516:
6501:
6456:
6386:
6356:
6305:
6290:
6285:
6195:
6175:
6140:
6135:
6030:
6020:
5995:
5930:
5850:
5790:
5785:
5715:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5610:
5580:
5570:
5560:
5525:
5444:
5283:
5248:
4585:
4368:
4278:. Part 1. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India: summary XIX.
3970:
Sreekantha; Gururaja, K.V.; Remadevi, K.; Indra, T.J.; Ramachandra, T.V. (2006).
3726:
2195:
2121:
1598:
1554:
1383:
1355:
1293:
species have continued to be discovered in the 21st century. Frogs of the genera
1200:
1084:
580:
560:
361:. Covering an area of 160,000 km (62,000 sq mi), it traverses the
7397:
3923:"Dariourops, a new species of badid fish from the Western Ghats, southern India"
3032:
7859:
7768:
7668:
7521:
7189:
7134:
6994:
6936:
6657:
6591:
6511:
6481:
6436:
6270:
6170:
6015:
5935:
5910:
5900:
5895:
5860:
5755:
5700:
5680:
5675:
5660:
5545:
5454:
5303:
5253:
5243:
5223:
5193:
5123:
5103:
4666:
4656:
4590:
4545:
4433:
3969:
3653:
3632:
3550:
1777:
1773:
1635:. There are more than 200 freshwater fish species including 35 also known from
1603:
1505:
1499:
1421:
1305:
1262:
1232:
1216:
753:
749:
588:
532:
441:
390:
197:
3941:
3825:
3609:
2998:
2257:"7 major mountain ranges in India: Some of the highest mountains in the world"
449:, resulting in chiselled eastern slopes and steeper western slopes facing the
7931:
7436:
7294:
7274:
7224:
7204:
7174:
7109:
7099:
7059:
7029:
6999:
6961:
6860:
6596:
6536:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6260:
6190:
6165:
6125:
6120:
6085:
6080:
6025:
5985:
5925:
5915:
5865:
5845:
5825:
5760:
5735:
5730:
5670:
5615:
5600:
5550:
5469:
5464:
5439:
5413:
5328:
5318:
5298:
5288:
5128:
5098:
5075:
5065:
4794:
4768:
4570:
4560:
4555:
4540:
4527:
4309:
3699:
3300:
3251:
3104:
1877:
1781:
1705:
1624:
1542:
1493:
1487:
1402:
1398:
1034:
811:
770:
765:
761:
729:
635:
606:
516:
508:
446:
421:
406:
405:
at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. The Western Ghats meet with the
193:
115:
102:
5880:
1784:
for plantations. The introduction of non-native species threatened the rare
7847:
7758:
7743:
7713:
7552:
7488:
7284:
7259:
7229:
7219:
7209:
7159:
7144:
7104:
7014:
6951:
6946:
6652:
6632:
6566:
6496:
6441:
6361:
6310:
6280:
6130:
6105:
6010:
6000:
5975:
5780:
5710:
5565:
5540:
5474:
5363:
5178:
5168:
5138:
5113:
4743:
4738:
4718:
4630:
3745:
3637:, a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India"
2977:
2550:
2214:
1793:
1641:
1615:
1558:
1448:
1350:
1345:
1325:
1208:
1196:
757:
511:
and Western Ghats, or a series of steps leading down to a body of water or
353:, is a mountain range that stretches 1,600 km (990 mi) along the
4475:
4056:
State of the Art Knowledge on the Butterflies of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
3630:
7795:
7773:
7763:
7617:
7508:
7324:
7249:
7169:
7054:
7049:
7044:
6989:
6926:
6916:
6476:
6416:
6406:
6396:
6376:
6326:
6295:
6250:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6145:
6115:
6075:
6050:
6035:
5965:
5945:
5940:
5875:
5855:
5830:
5820:
5815:
5765:
5720:
5665:
5655:
5630:
5605:
5555:
5388:
5333:
5313:
5273:
5228:
5050:
5029:
4832:
4728:
4697:
4692:
4646:
4580:
3266:
2837:
1734:
1730:
1632:
1572:
1529:
1481:
1457:
1319:
1274:
1273:
are found in the Western Ghats. The major population of the snake family
1252:
1017:
958:
912:
859:
803:
785:
713:
705:
663:
647:
639:
458:
450:
398:
394:
370:
211:
3069:
2496:
R.J. Ranjit Daniels. "Biodiversity of the Western Ghats - An Overview".
2176:
1776:
to cultivate the land and build settlements. After the establishment of
1665:
Seasonal rainfall patterns in the Western Ghats necessitate a period of
712:, formed 65–80 million years ago (Mya), the oldest and widest
46:
7705:
7657:
7464:
7319:
7314:
7279:
7269:
7199:
7179:
7149:
7139:
7079:
7064:
7024:
7004:
6461:
6371:
6255:
6005:
5990:
5635:
5590:
5505:
5500:
5418:
5398:
5218:
5183:
5158:
5143:
5055:
5034:
4763:
4620:
4610:
4565:
4507:
3432:
3352:
1872:
1674:
1670:
1609:
1562:
1534:
1475:
1335:
1315:
1295:
1282:
1137:
1030:
1022:
1006:
981:
935:
916:
855:
774:
679:
602:
386:
227:
76:
4463:
2245:. Vol. 17. Superintendent of Government Print. 1908. p. 144.
2090:
313:
7753:
7733:
7562:
7516:
7309:
7244:
7239:
7114:
7069:
7039:
6956:
6921:
6911:
6785:
6642:
6426:
6421:
6180:
6110:
5805:
5685:
5625:
5408:
5348:
5323:
5238:
5233:
5208:
5173:
5163:
5080:
5019:
4605:
4521:
4341:
4167:
4163:"Alien, Invasive and thriving: Native plants choked in Western Ghats"
3225:
2969:
2542:
2520:
1567:
1550:
1469:
1339:
1330:
998:
973:
954:
908:
717:
671:
626:
378:
280:
219:
4007:
Madhyastha N. A.; Rajendra; Mavinkurve G. & Shanbhag Sandhya P.
794:
blocked by the Western Ghats. The rising air cools and brings about
420:. The mountains came along the west coast of India somewhere in the
7557:
7304:
7234:
7034:
6941:
5960:
5575:
5393:
5383:
5373:
5368:
5353:
5308:
5293:
5258:
5198:
5148:
5118:
5070:
3976:
McClell and (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from Western Ghats, India"
3551:
Molur, M.; Smith, K.G.; Daniel, B.A. & Darwall, W.R.T. (2011).
2867:. Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute.
1896:
1809:
1785:
1726:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1666:
1636:
1546:
1299:
1270:
1156:
733:
592:
568:
417:
410:
276:
260:
4369:"World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats sub cluster"
2999:
Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023).
2947:
2890:
The Genus Syzygium Syzygium Cumini and Other Underutilized Species
2807:
1444:
7483:
6931:
6185:
5810:
5403:
5378:
5108:
5014:
3355:: Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society. p. 160.
3335:
1801:
1628:
1212:
1099:
1038:
950:
818:
807:
799:
737:
709:
659:
584:
548:
462:
454:
434:
366:
207:
68:
51:
4962:
4075:"On a Small Collection of leeches from Maharashtra State, India"
3289:
7917:
7790:
7607:
7454:
6647:
6275:
5775:
5510:
5358:
5338:
5268:
5153:
5060:
5024:
4811:
4778:
4758:
4661:
4402:
4372:
3397:"Status and Distribution of the Mugger Crocodile in Tamil Nadu"
2288:
1853:
1805:
1690:
1523:
1175:
1054:
1026:
1002:
977:
931:
872:
675:
614:
596:
477:
429:
382:
272:
223:
83:
3631:
Raghavan, R.; Philip, S.; Ali, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2013).
3093:
599:
rocks, which caused the western side to rise at an elevation.
7865:
7647:
4748:
4671:
3560:. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species – Regional Assessment.
3267:
Mudappa, D.; Noon, B.R.; Kumar, A. & Chellam, R. (2007).
1742:
1363:
1310:
1220:
1118:
1010:
821:
and the Arabian Sea, the region experiences a warm and humid
512:
243:
234:
183:
3375:
1772:. Its inaccessibility made it difficult for people from the
4723:
3173:
Malviya, M.; Srivastav, A.; Nigam, P.; Tyagi, P.C. (2011).
3068:. Ministry of Environment and Forests. 2007. Archived from
1601:. A few are adapted to an underground life, including some
1290:
1224:
1065:
492:
3849:"Coldwater fish and fisheries in the Western Ghats, India"
3172:
3142:"Behavioural studies: A necessity for wildlife management"
777:
purposes, with major reservoirs spread across the region.
5009:
3852:
3433:
Radhakrishnan, C.; Gopi, K.C. & Dinesh, K.P. (2007).
1677:
from 57 genera and 24 families. A total of 77 species of
904:
798:
along the western coast. This signifies the onset of the
667:
476:
occur in the Western Ghats. The region was declared as a
374:
215:
3587:
3256:. Coimbatore: Zoo Outreach Organization/CBSG-South Asia.
2316:
The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects
1859:(MAB) for the Western Ghats to be listed as a protected
1721:
species, 316 species have been reported to occur in the
868:
740:(2,695 m (8,842 ft)) being the highest peak.
716:, formed 500 Mya, and the southernmost, narrowest
595:. After the break-up, the Deccan plateau was formed by
2862:
1991:
1366:
endemic to the Western Ghats including the endangered
728:
altitude rises again. The Western Ghats meet with the
7831:
7608:
Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty
3139:
3001:
Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022
2177:
V. V. Robin; Anindya Sinha; Uma Ramakrishnan (2010).
7796:
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
4429:"UN designates Western Ghats as world heritage site"
2805:
503:, depending on the context, could either refer to a
491:
The name Western Ghats is a portmanteau of the word
1717:There are roughly 6,000 insect species. Of the 334
4269:"Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel"
3035:. ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas.
2394:. Bangkok: Central Board of Irrigation and Power.
630:Western Ghats form a continuous chain of mountains
7811:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai
7427:
4053:
4025:
3877:
2912:
2863:Nayar, T.S.; Rasiya Beegam, A.; Sibi, M. (2014).
2650:"Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest"
2338:
1966:
1839:to protect specific endangered species, and many
465:side towards the interior of the Deccan plateau.
7929:
7669:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
1195:The Western Ghats region has one of the highest
7548:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
7527:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
3920:
3221:"Nilgiri tahr population over 3,000: WWF-India"
2495:
2313:
1725:. The Western Ghats are home to 174 species of
523:was derived from similar words used in various
27:Mountain range along the western coast of India
3507:BirdLife EBA Factsheet 12 : Western Ghats
3315:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T23036A45202281.en
3119:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en
2243:Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series
2091:"Western Ghats – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
1897:Sunithi L. Narayan; Revathy Nagaswami (1992).
1269:As per a 2014 report, at least 227 species of
7413:
4978:
4491:
4131:"Colonisers ruined Western Ghats, says study"
3803:
3290:Mudappa, D.; Helgen, K.; Nandini, R. (2016).
2750:"South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests"
2724:"North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests"
1619:. 97 freshwater fish species were considered
563:. The ancient name for the mountain range is
3376:Greene, H. W. & R. W. Mcdiarmid (2005).
3176:Indian National Studbook of Nilgiri Langur (
2865:Flowering Plants of the Western Ghats, India
2289:Shanavas P H; Sumesh A K; Haris P M (2016).
1553:(12 species). The region is home to several
7636:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
4505:
3413:
3094:Singh, M.; Kumar, A.; Kumara, H.N. (2020).
2389:
1748:
966:South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
943:North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
571:, meaning benevolent or tolerant mountain.
7420:
7406:
4985:
4971:
4498:
4484:
4266:
2887:
2702:"South Western Ghats montane rain forests"
2676:"North Western Ghats montane rain forests"
2293:. Educreation Publishing. pp. 27–29.
1533:). The most species-rich families are the
7484:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
4082:Records of the Zoological Survey of India
3991:
3780:
3735:
3725:
3652:
3454:
3443:Records of the Zoological Survey of India
3313:
3117:
2291:Western Ghats - From Ecology To Economics
2204:
2194:
1265:, rare frog species endemic to the region
764:. Most rivers flow eastwards towards the
694:Topography: Western Ghats (southern part)
4058:(Report). Dehra Dun: WII. Archived from
3484:(Report). Dehra Dun: WII. Archived from
2838:Western Ghats, IUCN technical evaluation
2574:Geomorphological Landscapes of the World
2284:
2282:
2085:
2083:
1946:. Jain Publishing Company. p. 528.
1752:
1653:
1443:
1257:
1059:
924:South Western Ghats montane rain forests
901:11,900 sq mi (31,000 km)
897:North Western Ghats montane rain forests
880:Terrestrial ecoregions of Western Ghats
867:
852:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf
806:region with very little rainfall on the
784:
748:The Western Ghats form one of the major
689:
625:
461:region with very little rainfall on the
440:The Western Ghats form one of the major
156:160,000 km (62,000 sq mi)
4072:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
2830:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2116:
2114:
2112:
947:4,831 sq mi (12,510 km)
928:8,700 sq mi (23,000 km)
54:, the highest peak in the Western Ghats
14:
7930:
7719:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
4285:from the original on 20 September 2015
3201:from the original on 23 September 2015
2491:
2489:
1852:region. In 2006, India applied to the
970:2,382 sq mi (6,170 km)
613:periods when India separated from the
579:The Western Ghats are the mountainous
428:periods when India separated from the
7479:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
7401:
4966:
4479:
4441:from the original on 26 December 2018
4379:from the original on 12 November 2022
2571:
2499:Conservation of Rain forests in India
2392:Silting Problems in Hydropower Plants
2279:
2080:
2009:
2007:
1941:
7872:
7553:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
4409:from the original on 18 January 2013
4260:
3859:from the original on 22 October 2008
3758:
3529:
3394:
3233:from the original on 8 February 2016
2768:
2630:from the original on 18 January 2019
2343:. Infobase Publishing. p. 131.
2140:
2109:
2041:"Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot"
1923:from the original on 30 January 2019
7653:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
7367:2024 Vilangad (Kozhikode) landslide
4349:from the original on 4 January 2016
4305:"Vested interests in Western Ghats"
4111:from the original on 6 October 2016
3782:10.26515/rzsi/v100/i1-2/2002/159618
3517:from the original on 2 January 2009
3495:
3301:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3105:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2844:from the original on 17 August 2022
2486:
2448:from the original on 5 January 2020
2267:from the original on 23 August 2020
1849:Ministry of Environment and Forests
1745:found all along the Western Ghats.
1545:, now regarded a separate family),
993:on the leeward rain shadow region,
140:1,600 km (990 mi) N–S
24:
7355:Natural disasters in Western Ghats
4094:10.26515/rzsi/v69/i1-4/1971/161420
3846:
3577:from the original on 3 April 2015.
2422:from the original on 1 August 2016
2371:from the original on 19 March 2007
2004:
1835:to restrict human access, several
1559:Denison (or red line torpedo) barb
989:Other types of ecosystems include
850:The Western Ghats consist of four
700:List of peaks in the Western Ghats
634:The Western Ghats extend from the
531:(mountain side, ridge, or dam) in
25:
8004:
7372:2024 Ankola (Karnataka) landslide
4992:
4457:
4317:from the original on 4 March 2016
4193:
3456:10.26515/rzsi/v107/i4/2007/159116
1593:, and larger species such as the
1362:There are at least 19 species of
1029:(28% endemic) and 280 species of
7916:
7898:
7881:
7853:
7841:
7674:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
7658:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
4250:"The Nilgiri Bio-sphere Reserve"
4230:from the original on 21 May 2024
4175:from the original on 21 May 2024
4143:from the original on 21 May 2024
4032:, Dehra Dun: WII, archived from
3900:10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.01016.x
3140:Singh, M.; Kaumanns, W. (2005).
3039:from the original on 20 May 2017
2818:from the original on 21 May 2024
2787:from the original on 21 May 2024
2756:from the original on 21 May 2024
2730:from the original on 21 May 2024
2682:from the original on 21 May 2024
2656:from the original on 21 May 2024
2604:from the original on 21 May 2024
2474:from the original on 21 May 2024
2365:"Indian Dams by River and State"
2318:. Springer Nature. p. 309.
2128:from the original on 21 May 2024
2097:from the original on 4 July 2018
2021:from the original on 21 May 2024
1971:. Author Solutions. p. 76.
829:
167:
148:100 km (62 mi) E–W
45:
4421:
4391:
4361:
4329:
4297:
4242:
4212:
4187:
4155:
4123:
4066:
4047:
4019:
4000:
3963:
3914:
3871:
3840:
3797:
3752:
3693:
3661:
3624:
3581:
3471:
3426:
3407:
3388:
3369:
3329:
3283:
3260:
3245:
3213:
3166:
3133:
3087:
3051:
3025:
3013:from the original on 5 May 2024
2992:
2941:
2906:
2881:
2856:
2799:
2742:
2716:
2694:
2668:
2642:
2616:
2590:
2565:
2514:
2470:. Indian Institute of Science.
2460:
2434:
2408:
2383:
2357:
2332:
2307:
2249:
2235:
2221:
2170:
2063:"Western Ghats topographic map"
2017:. Indian Institute of Science.
1857:Man and the Biosphere Programme
1741:. There are several species of
7641:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
4337:"Report is anti environmental"
4026:George, M. & Binoy, C.F.,
3972:"Two new species of the genus
3765:from Kersla, Peninsular India"
2927:10.11609/jott.zpj.16.11.629-39
2055:
2033:
1985:
1960:
1935:
1909:
1890:
1587:. The rivers are also home to
1406:Malabar (blue-winged) parakeet
1368:rufous-breasted laughingthrush
1073:Fauna of Western Ghats (2010)
1033:(43% endemic), 277 species of
834:The Western Ghats region is a
743:
468:The Western Ghats region is a
13:
1:
7953:World Heritage Sites in India
7598:Khangchendzonga National Park
7429:World Heritage Sites in India
4774:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu
4267:Gadgil, M. (31 August 2012).
4054:George, M. & Kumar, M.M.
4011:(Report). WII. Archived from
3993:10.11609/jott.zpj.1386.2211-6
3590:Biodiversity and Conservation
2502:. Wildlife Institute of India
2152:Asia-Pacific Mountain Network
1883:
1430:white-bellied blue-flycatcher
1287:tropical rainforests of India
685:
7729:Churches and convents of Goa
7724:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
7473:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
7455:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
7450:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
4466:, UNESCO World Heritage site
4009:Land Snails of Western Ghats
3727:10.1371/journal.pone.0021272
3437:Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis
3273:Small Carnivore Conservation
2806:S. M. Thomas; M. W. Palmer.
2196:10.1371/journal.pone.0194158
2015:"Formation of Western Ghats"
1994:Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae
1942:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (2003).
1607:swamp eels, and the catfish
1387:grey-breasted laughingthrush
1359:are endemic to this region.
842:occur in the Western Ghats.
621:
486:
88:2,695 m (8,842 ft)
7:
7648:Group of Monuments at Hampi
4828:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3188:Wildlife Institute of India
2781:"Western Ghats, data sheet"
2043:. World Atlas. 16 June 2021
1866:
1391:black-and-rufous flycatcher
1229:Malabar large-spotted civet
10:
8009:
7823:Mountain Railways of India
7786:Historic City of Ahmadabad
7626:Great Living Chola Temples
7445:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
3921:Britz, A.; Philip (2012).
3654:10.11609/JoTT.o3673.4932-8
3641:Journal of Threatened Taxa
3503:"Restricted-range species"
2468:"Climate of Western Ghats"
2442:"Orographic precipitation"
2339:Patricia Corrigan (2019).
1967:Subhash C. Biswas (2014).
1944:Jainism and Early Buddhism
780:
697:
574:
293:UNESCO World Heritage Site
7819:
7801:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
7734:Dholavira:a Harappan city
7704:
7616:
7583:
7507:
7463:
7435:
7385:
7354:
7333:
6970:
6904:
6666:
6620:
6319:
5493:
5432:
5089:
5043:
5000:
4897:
4846:
4820:
4787:
4706:
4685:
4639:
4514:
3942:10.11646/zootaxa.3348.1.5
3826:10.1007/s10228-011-0206-6
3761:"A new synbranchid fish,
3610:10.1007/s10531-007-9293-0
3155:(7): 1233. Archived from
2812:Oklahoma State University
2576:. Springer. p. 257.
2367:. Rain water harvesting.
1845:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
1760:, the largest contiguous
1758:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
1723:Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
1025:including 682 species of
559:(shore or embankment) in
413:before continuing south.
339:
331:
319:
309:
299:
290:
286:
266:
254:
249:
233:
203:
189:
179:
165:
160:
152:
144:
136:
131:
92:
82:
64:
59:
44:
39:
34:
7963:Landforms of Maharashtra
7943:Mountain ranges of India
7663:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
7603:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
7499:Sundarbans National Park
7377:2020 Pettimudi landslide
7346:Mountains of Maharashtra
3418:(Report). Archived from
3066:Note on Project Elephant
3059:"Census population 2005"
2624:"A biodiversity hotspot"
2314:Dhruv Sen Singh (2017).
1919:. Cambridge dictionary.
1749:Threats and conservation
1585:dwarf Malabar pufferfish
1451:is endemic to the region
1044:
845:
796:orographic precipitation
73:Eravikulam National Park
7958:Landforms of Tamil Nadu
7948:Physiographic provinces
7749:Hill Forts of Rajasthan
7593:Kaziranga National Park
7362:2024 Wayanad landslides
4399:"UNESCO heritage sites"
3880:Journal of Biogeography
3806:Ichthyological Research
2783:. UNESCO. 22 May 2017.
1719:Western Ghats butterfly
1541:(34 species; including
1376:white-bellied shortwing
7968:Landforms of Karnataka
7791:Jaipur City, Rajasthan
7537:Keoladeo National Park
4838:Atolls of the Maldives
4616:Chittagong Hill Tracts
3769:Rec. Zool. Surv. India
3511:BirdLife International
1969:India the Land of Gods
1903:University of Michigan
1899:Discover Sublime India
1765:
1703:relict, and the snail
1681:(52 gastropods and 25
1662:
1661:, an endemic butterfly
1452:
1434:crimson-backed sunbird
1426:Wayanad laughingthrush
1380:broad-tailed grassbird
1266:
1241:stripe-necked mongoose
1069:
876:
790:
722:Western Coastal Plains
695:
631:
505:range of stepped hills
7993:Freshwater ecoregions
7988:Mountains in Buddhism
7925:at Wikimedia Commons
7532:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
6766:Kalakkad-Mundanthurai
4256:on 28 September 2006.
3399:. WII. Archived from
3382:University of Chicago
3308:: e.T23036A45202281.
3192:Central Zoo Authority
3178:Trachypithecus johnii
3112:: e.T12559A17951402.
1823:has established many
1778:British colonial rule
1756:
1657:
1565:, several species of
1447:
1414:white-bellied treepie
1410:Malabar grey hornbill
1261:
1245:Indian brown mongoose
1063:
991:dry deciduous forests
871:
788:
698:Further information:
693:
629:
499:, a term used in the
116:10.16972°N 77.06111°E
7983:Landforms of Gujarat
7679:Chennakeshava Temple
7631:Airavatesvara Temple
7573:Complexe du Capitole
7542:Kalka–Shimla railway
4276:Westernghatindia.org
4208:on 19 December 2008.
4171:. 9 September 2019.
4139:. 28 November 2018.
4073:Chandra, M. (1976).
3763:Monopterus digressus
3491:on 19 December 2008.
3422:on 15 December 2005.
3403:on 20 December 2004.
1837:wildlife sanctuaries
1790:tropical rainforests
1764:in the Western Ghats
1696:Pseudomulleria dalyi
836:biodiversity hotspot
652:Kanyakumari district
470:biodiversity hotspot
403:Kanyakumari district
349:, also known as the
240:Tropical rainforests
7973:Landforms of Kerala
7684:Hoysaleswara Temple
7341:Mountains of Kerala
6432:Kalhatti (Nilgiris)
4714:Indo-Gangetic plain
4647:Balochistan Plateau
4224:Government of India
3980:Zoos' Print Journal
3959:on 8 February 2020.
3892:2004JBiog..31..123D
3818:2011IchtR..58..161V
3759:Gobi, K.C. (2002).
3718:2011PLoSO...621272B
3602:2008BiCon..17.3119R
3395:Harry V., Andrews.
3384:. pp. 190–208.
3162:on 13 January 2007.
3033:"Elephant Reserves"
2962:2000Natur.403..853M
2915:Zoos' Print Journal
2888:K. N. Nair (2017).
2535:2000Natur.403..853M
2229:Population of India
2067:topographic-map.com
1861:World Heritage Site
1821:Government of India
1679:freshwater molluscs
1440:Fishes and molluscs
1372:Nilgiri wood-pigeon
1205:lion-tailed macaque
1074:
1037:and 949 species of
881:
547:(bank or shore) in
501:Indian subcontinent
481:World Heritage Site
112: /
7494:Sun Temple, Konark
7290:Vani Vilasa Sagara
7120:Krishna Raja Sagar
5279:Marunthuvazh Malai
4626:Gandhamardan Hills
4596:Sulaiman Mountains
4136:The Times of India
4062:on 8 January 2009.
3229:. 3 October 2015.
2840:(Report). UNESCO.
2572:Migon, P. (2010).
1829:biosphere reserves
1814:introduced species
1766:
1663:
1648:S. sharavathiensis
1549:(19 species), and
1539:hillstream loaches
1453:
1418:grey-headed bulbul
1395:Nilgiri flycatcher
1267:
1249:small Indian civet
1072:
1070:
1051:threatened species
997:at the foothills,
879:
877:
840:threatened species
791:
696:
644:Marunthuvazh Malai
632:
527:languages such as
515:. As per linguist
474:threatened species
121:10.16972; 77.06111
60:Highest point
7921:Media related to
7829:
7828:
7395:
7394:
7195:Raja Lakhamagouda
6756:Grizzled Squirrel
5521:Anjarakandi River
5189:Gopalaswamy Betta
4960:
4959:
4734:Indus River Delta
4220:"Protected areas"
3647:(15): 4932–4938.
3596:(13): 3119–3131.
3567:978-2-8317-1381-6
3435:"Zoogeography of
3362:978-81-88722-40-2
3294:Viverra civettina
2956:(6772): 853–858.
2899:978-1-3516-4506-5
2874:978-8-1920-0989-6
2583:978-90-481-3054-2
2529:(6772): 853–858.
2401:978-90-5809-238-0
2350:978-1-4381-8252-0
2325:978-9-8110-2984-4
2300:978-9-3852-4758-3
2158:on 12 August 2007
1978:978-1-4828-3655-4
1953:978-0-8958-1956-7
1917:"Ghat definition"
1595:Malabar snakehead
1590:Osteobrama bakeri
1555:ornamental fishes
1551:Sisorid catfishes
1518:Parapsilorhynchus
1370:, the vulnerable
1279:mugger crocodiles
1193:
1192:
1041:(26.7% endemic).
987:
986:
343:
342:
16:(Redirected from
8000:
7978:Landforms of Goa
7920:
7911:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7894:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7874:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7837:
7779:Ranthambore Fort
7558:Red Fort Complex
7422:
7415:
7408:
7399:
7398:
6226:Thuppanadippuzha
6151:Purna (Godavari)
6066:Panchagangavalli
5871:Lakshmana Tirtha
5204:Karimala Gopuram
4987:
4980:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4754:Coromandel Coast
4677:Pothohar Plateau
4601:Toba Kakar Range
4530:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4273:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4252:. Archived from
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4088:(1–4): 325–328.
4079:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4036:on 16 March 2009
4023:
4017:
4016:
4015:on 17 July 2009.
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3986:(4): 2211–2216.
3967:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3952:. Archived from
3927:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3775:(1–2): 137–143.
3756:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3674:. Archived from
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3559:
3548:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3483:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3414:Karthikeyan, V.
3411:
3405:
3404:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3121:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3075:on 12 March 2012
3074:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2970:10.1038/35002501
2945:
2939:
2938:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2543:10.1038/35002501
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2416:"Indian monsoon"
2412:
2406:
2405:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2263:. 3 April 2017.
2253:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2154:. Archived from
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1894:
1827:, including two
1798:overexploitation
1796:, but also from
1581:dwarf pufferfish
1547:Bagrid catfishes
1512:Mesonoemacheilus
1237:brown palm civet
1078:Taxonomic group
1075:
1071:
1018:flowering plants
882:
878:
823:tropical climate
611:early Cretaceous
543:(mountain), and
426:early Cretaceous
359:Indian peninsula
171:
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
49:
32:
31:
21:
8008:
8007:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7928:
7927:
7914:
7910:from Wikivoyage
7904:
7899:
7897:
7887:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7873:sister projects
7870:at Knowledge's
7864:
7854:
7852:
7842:
7840:
7832:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7739:Elephanta Caves
7700:
7612:
7579:
7503:
7459:
7431:
7426:
7396:
7391:
7381:
7350:
7329:
7075:Kamarajar Sagar
6972:
6966:
6900:
6811:New Amarambalam
6668:
6667:Protected areas
6662:
6616:
6502:Muthyala Maduvu
6315:
5581:Cherukunnapuzha
5489:
5428:
5284:Meenuliyan Para
5249:Kumarikkal Mala
5085:
5039:
4996:
4991:
4961:
4956:
4893:
4842:
4816:
4783:
4702:
4681:
4635:
4586:Anaimalai Hills
4526:
4510:
4504:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4437:. 2 July 2012.
4427:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4052:
4048:
4039:
4037:
4024:
4020:
4005:
4001:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3845:
3841:
3802:
3798:
3757:
3753:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3681:on 16 July 2004
3678:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3629:
3625:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3568:
3557:
3549:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3431:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3393:
3389:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3288:
3284:
3265:
3261:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3183:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3149:Current Science
3144:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2946:
2942:
2921:(11): 629–639.
2911:
2907:
2900:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2598:"Western Ghats"
2596:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2570:
2566:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2287:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2148:"The Peninsula"
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2122:"Western Ghats"
2120:
2119:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1869:
1841:reserve forests
1825:protected areas
1751:
1599:Malabar mahseer
1384:near threatened
1356:Melanobatrachus
1201:Indian elephant
1047:
848:
832:
789:Annual rainfall
783:
746:
702:
688:
624:
577:
567:, derived from
489:
295:
175:
174:
120:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
101:
99:
98:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8006:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7913:
7912:
7895:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7850:
7827:
7826:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7769:Jaisalmer Fort
7766:
7761:
7756:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7710:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7689:Keshava Temple
7686:
7681:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7622:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7522:Fatehpur Sikri
7519:
7513:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7469:
7467:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7433:
7432:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7410:
7402:
7393:
7392:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7358:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7343:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7300:Varattu Pallam
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7165:Orathuppalayam
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6937:Kumbharli Ghat
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6905:Ghats and gaps
6902:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6866:Sathyamangalam
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6836:Peechi-Vazhani
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6547:Shivanasamudra
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6527:Perunthenaruvi
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6392:Godchinamalaki
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6367:Chunchanakatte
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6301:Vrishabhavathi
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6271:Vandazhippuzha
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
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6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6041:Palar (Kaveri)
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
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5936:Meenkarappuzha
5933:
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5748:
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5708:
5703:
5701:Iruvanjippuzha
5698:
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5678:
5673:
5668:
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5563:
5558:
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5548:
5546:Bharathappuzha
5543:
5538:
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5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5497:
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5491:
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5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5254:Kurumbalakotta
5251:
5246:
5244:Kumara Parvata
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5224:Kodikuthi Mala
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5194:Illikkal Kallu
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5124:Baba Budangiri
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
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5078:
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4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4667:Mysore Plateau
4664:
4662:Ladakh Plateau
4659:
4657:Deccan Plateau
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4591:Cardamom Hills
4588:
4583:
4578:
4576:Himachal Range
4573:
4571:Shivalik Hills
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Aravalli Range
4543:
4538:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4467:
4459:
4458:External links
4456:
4453:
4452:
4434:Times of India
4420:
4390:
4360:
4328:
4296:
4259:
4241:
4211:
4194:Kumar, Ajith.
4186:
4154:
4122:
4065:
4046:
4018:
3999:
3962:
3913:
3886:(1): 123–136.
3870:
3847:Sehgal, K. L.
3839:
3812:(2): 161–165.
3796:
3751:
3692:
3660:
3623:
3580:
3566:
3528:
3494:
3470:
3449:(4): 115–121.
3425:
3406:
3387:
3368:
3361:
3328:
3282:
3259:
3244:
3212:
3165:
3132:
3098:Macaca silenus
3086:
3050:
3024:
2991:
2940:
2905:
2898:
2880:
2873:
2855:
2829:
2798:
2767:
2741:
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2615:
2589:
2582:
2564:
2513:
2485:
2459:
2444:. Britannica.
2433:
2418:. Britannica.
2407:
2400:
2382:
2356:
2349:
2331:
2324:
2306:
2299:
2278:
2248:
2234:
2220:
2189:(10): e13321.
2169:
2139:
2124:. Britannica.
2108:
2079:
2054:
2032:
2003:
1984:
1977:
1959:
1952:
1934:
1908:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1833:national parks
1762:protected area
1750:
1747:
1715:
1714:
1659:Tamil lacewing
1604:Rakthamichthys
1537:(72 species),
1506:Longischistura
1500:Lepidopygopsis
1442:
1441:
1422:rufous babbler
1331:arboreal frogs
1306:Nyctibatrachus
1263:Bicolored frog
1233:Nilgiri marten
1217:Nilgiri langur
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
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948:
945:
939:
938:
929:
926:
920:
919:
902:
899:
893:
892:
891:Areas covered
889:
886:
847:
844:
831:
828:
782:
779:
745:
742:
718:Shencottah Gap
687:
684:
623:
620:
589:Deccan Plateau
576:
573:
488:
485:
391:Deccan Plateau
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
321:
317:
316:
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305:Natural: ix, x
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283:
270:
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198:Southern India
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26:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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7964:
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7959:
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7951:
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7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7938:Western Ghats
7936:
7935:
7933:
7926:
7924:
7923:Western Ghats
7919:
7909:
7908:
7907:Travel guides
7896:
7892:
7891:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7869:
7868:Western Ghats
7861:
7851:
7849:
7839:
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7835:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7806:Western Ghats
7804:
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7707:
7703:
7697:
7696:Western Ghats
7694:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
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7434:
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7411:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7400:
7390:
7389:Eastern Ghats
7384:
7378:
7375:
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7370:
7368:
7365:
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7360:
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7357:
7353:
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7301:
7298:
7296:
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7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7275:Upper Bhavani
7273:
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7268:
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7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
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7228:
7226:
7225:Shanti Sagara
7223:
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7208:
7206:
7205:Renuka Sagara
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7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
7000:Basava Sagara
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6962:Varandha Ghat
6960:
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6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6876:Silent Valley
6874:
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6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
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6809:
6807:
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6802:
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6789:
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6759:
6757:
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6752:
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6734:
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6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6696:Agasthyavanam
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6665:
6659:
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6608:
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6603:
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6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6522:Pattathippara
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6467:Kutladampatti
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6452:Kumbhavurutty
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
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6413:
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6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
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6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
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6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
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6348:
6345:
6343:
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6338:
6335:
6333:
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6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6221:Thamirabarani
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6156:Purna (Tapti)
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:Perinjankutti
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5926:Maruthappuzha
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5866:Kuthirappuzha
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:Kanjirappuzha
5744:
5742:
5741:Kalpathipuzha
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Gayathripuzha
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5485:Trimbakeshwar
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Biligiriranga
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:Varayadumotta
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5319:Perumal Malai
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Mullayanagiri
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Meesapulimala
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:Agasthyamalai
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:North Malabar
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4994:Western Ghats
4988:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4795:Coastal India
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Rann of Kutch
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Satpura Range
4559:
4557:
4556:Vindhya Range
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Eastern Ghats
4539:
4537:
4536:Western Ghats
4534:
4529:
4528:Mount Everest
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4506:Geography of
4501:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4471:
4470:Western Ghats
4468:
4465:
4464:Western Ghats
4462:
4461:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4364:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4310:Deccan Herald
4306:
4300:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4010:
4003:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3712:(6): e21272.
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3487:
3480:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:Srinivasulu B
3338:
3337:Srinivasulu C
3332:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3248:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2892:. CRC Press.
2891:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2755:
2752:. One Earth.
2751:
2745:
2729:
2726:. One Earth.
2725:
2719:
2703:
2697:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2490:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2283:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2042:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2000:(2): 443–470.
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1878:Eastern Ghats
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:clear-felling
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:tribal people
1763:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1706:Cremnoconchus
1702:
1699:, which is a
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:rainbow trout
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:stone loaches
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:Indoreonectes
1490:
1489:
1488:Hypselobarbus
1484:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:least concern
1400:
1399:Nilgiri pipit
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:pteridophytes
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:scrub forests
992:
983:
979:
975:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
956:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
937:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
890:
887:
884:
883:
874:
870:
866:
864:
861:
857:
853:
843:
841:
837:
830:Bio-diversity
827:
824:
820:
815:
813:
812:Bay of Bengal
809:
805:
801:
797:
787:
778:
776:
772:
771:hydroelectric
767:
766:Bay of Bengal
763:
759:
755:
751:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:Eastern Ghats
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
701:
692:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:Indian states
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:south of the
637:
636:Satpura Range
628:
619:
616:
612:
608:
607:late Jurassic
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Thomas Burrow
514:
510:
509:Eastern Ghats
506:
502:
498:
494:
484:
482:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Bay of Bengal
443:
438:
436:
431:
427:
423:
422:late Jurassic
419:
414:
412:
408:
407:Eastern Ghats
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:western coast
352:
348:
347:Western Ghats
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
238:
236:
232:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
170:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
125:
97:
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
35:Western Ghats
33:
30:
19:
7915:
7905:
7893:from Commons
7888:
7867:
7805:
7759:Chittor Fort
7744:Ellora Caves
7714:Ajanta Caves
7695:
7489:Santiniketan
7155:Nallathangal
7130:Linganamakki
7090:Karuppanadhi
7020:Bhavanisagar
6980:Aathupalayam
6952:Tamhini Ghat
6947:Palakkad Gap
6831:Parambikulam
6771:Karian Shola
6706:Bannerghatta
6691:Agasthyamala
6669:and reserves
6653:Sasthamkotta
6577:Thusharagiri
6402:Hanumangundi
6337:Athirappilly
6266:Valapattanam
6096:Parambikulam
6046:Pallichelaru
5976:Muvattupuzha
5971:Muthirapuzha
5751:Kannadipuzha
5480:Thirumoorthy
5364:Saptashrungi
5264:Mahendragiri
5179:Ettina Bhuja
5169:Elivai Malai
4993:
4948:Southeastern
4943:Southwestern
4923:Northeastern
4913:Northwestern
4744:Ganges Delta
4739:Ganges Basin
4729:Indus Valley
4719:Punjab plain
4652:Chota Nagpur
4631:Lushai Hills
4535:
4443:. Retrieved
4432:
4423:
4411:. Retrieved
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4363:
4351:. Retrieved
4340:
4331:
4319:. Retrieved
4308:
4299:
4287:. Retrieved
4275:
4262:
4254:the original
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4214:
4203:the original
4189:
4177:. Retrieved
4166:
4157:
4145:. Retrieved
4134:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4085:
4081:
4068:
4060:the original
4049:
4038:, retrieved
4034:the original
4028:
4021:
4013:the original
4002:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3965:
3954:the original
3933:
3929:
3916:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3863:22 September
3861:. Retrieved
3842:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3754:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3676:the original
3663:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3626:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3553:
3519:. Retrieved
3506:
3497:
3486:the original
3473:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3420:the original
3409:
3401:the original
3390:
3377:
3371:
3348:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3305:
3299:
3293:
3285:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3235:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3179:
3175:
3168:
3157:the original
3152:
3148:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3109:
3103:
3097:
3089:
3077:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3065:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
2994:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2889:
2883:
2864:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2832:
2820:. Retrieved
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2758:. Retrieved
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2718:
2706:. Retrieved
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2592:
2573:
2567:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2498:
2476:. Retrieved
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2410:
2391:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2359:
2340:
2334:
2315:
2309:
2290:
2269:. Retrieved
2260:
2251:
2242:
2237:
2228:
2223:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2151:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2099:. Retrieved
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
1997:
1993:
1987:
1968:
1962:
1943:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1911:
1905:. p. 5.
1898:
1892:
1818:
1794:habitat loss
1767:
1716:
1704:
1694:
1664:
1646:
1640:
1616:Kryptoglanis
1614:
1608:
1602:
1588:
1576:
1566:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1449:Denison Barb
1361:
1354:
1346:Beddomixalus
1344:
1334:
1326:Xanthophryne
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1268:
1209:Nilgiri tahr
1194:
1048:
1015:
988:
854:terrestrial
849:
833:
816:
792:
747:
726:
703:
633:
601:
587:edge of the
578:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
536:
528:
520:
507:such as the
496:
490:
467:
439:
415:
350:
346:
344:
268:Type of rock
29:
7774:Kumbhalgarh
7764:Gagron Fort
7265:Tungabhadra
7125:Krishnagiri
7095:Khadakwasla
7010:Bhandardara
6927:Chorla Ghat
6917:Amboli Ghat
6856:Radhanagari
6751:Grass Hills
6532:Sahasrakund
6447:Kumbakkarai
6377:Devaragundi
6332:Aruvikkuzhy
6246:Tungabhadra
6231:Thuthapuzha
6146:Punnappuzha
6076:Pandippuzha
5981:Nanganjiyar
5876:Madatharuvi
5856:Kunthipuzha
5836:Kumaradhara
5816:Kottappuzha
5651:Ghataprabha
5621:Daman Ganga
5606:Chulki Nala
5596:Chitravathi
5531:Ayalurpuzha
5516:Ambankadavu
5424:Velliangiri
5389:Tadiandamol
5314:Paithalmala
5274:Malleswaran
5229:Kolaribetta
5030:Maharashtra
4889:Afghanistan
4833:Lakshadweep
4698:Thar Desert
4693:Thal Desert
4581:Khasi Hills
3685:18 December
3669:"Zoologica"
3321:11 November
3125:11 November
2271:5 September
2261:India Today
1739:generalists
1735:damselflies
1731:dragonflies
1671:land snails
1642:Dario urops
1633:common carp
1573:zebra loach
1530:Travancoria
1482:Horalabiosa
1458:Betadevario
1351:microhylids
1320:Ghatophryne
1275:Uropeltidae
1253:leopard cat
959:Maharashtra
913:Maharashtra
860:Indomalayan
804:rain shadow
744:Hydrography
714:Palghat Gap
706:Arabian Sea
664:Maharashtra
648:Swamithoppe
640:Tapti River
603:Geophysical
555:(dam), and
519:, the word
459:rain shadow
451:Arabian Sea
399:Swamithoppe
395:Tapti River
393:, from the
371:Maharashtra
323:2012 (36th
320:Inscription
256:Age of rock
212:Maharashtra
119: /
94:Coordinates
7932:Categories
7387:See also:
7190:Perunchani
7185:Pechiparai
7135:Manimuthar
7005:Bhadra Dam
6995:Amaravathi
6973:reservoirs
6886:Talakaveri
6881:Someshwara
6871:Shendurney
6851:Pushpagiri
6746:Eravikulam
6721:Brahmagiri
6638:Kodaikanal
6607:Vattaparai
6582:Tirparappu
6562:Soochipara
6542:Sengupathi
6412:Hogenakkal
6372:Courtallam
6320:Waterfalls
6201:Souparnika
6161:Dnyanganga
6101:Patalganga
6091:Papanasini
6071:Panchganga
5991:Neerppuzha
5956:Mula-Mutha
5921:Markandeya
5906:Manimuthar
5891:Malaprabha
5886:Malampuzha
5841:Kumudvathi
5796:Kokkiliyar
5771:Karimpuzha
5641:Gangavalli
5636:Edamalayar
5591:Cheruthoni
5586:Cherupuzha
5501:Achankovil
5419:Vavul Mala
5344:Rangaswamy
5219:Kodachadri
5214:Kemmangudi
5184:Gangamoola
5159:Doddabetta
5144:Devar Mala
5134:Brahmagiri
5056:Kongu Nadu
5035:Tamil Nadu
4879:Bangladesh
4847:By country
4805:West Coast
4800:East Coast
4764:Sundarbans
4621:Naga Hills
4611:Hindu Kush
4566:Garo Hills
4508:South Asia
4234:1 December
4179:1 December
4147:1 December
3521:3 December
3353:Coimbatore
3205:7 February
3079:30 January
3043:30 January
2848:1 December
2822:1 December
2810:(Report).
2791:1 December
2760:1 December
2734:1 December
2708:1 December
2686:1 December
2660:1 December
2634:15 January
2608:1 December
2506:1 December
2478:1 December
2452:1 December
2426:1 December
2341:Waterfalls
2132:1 December
2101:15 January
2025:1 December
1927:30 January
1884:References
1873:Ghat Roads
1800:, illicit
1675:gastropods
1621:threatened
1610:Horaglanis
1577:Horabagrus
1563:melon barb
1476:Horabagrus
1432:, and the
1401:, and the
1336:Ghatixalus
1316:Pedostibes
1296:Micrixalus
1283:amphibians
1138:Amphibians
1093:Endangered
1089:% Endemic
1031:liverworts
1023:bryophytes
1007:grasslands
1005:. Montane
982:Tamil Nadu
936:Tamil Nadu
917:Tamil Nadu
856:ecoregions
775:irrigation
750:watersheds
686:Topography
680:Tamil Nadu
442:watersheds
387:Tamil Nadu
335:795,315 ha
228:Tamil Nadu
132:Dimensions
107:77°03′40″E
104:10°10′11″N
77:Doddabetta
7821:^part of
7754:Amer Fort
7585:Northeast
7563:Taj Mahal
7517:Agra Fort
7295:Varasgaon
7175:Papanasam
7110:Kolkewadi
7100:Kodasalli
7060:Jayakwadi
7030:Chaskaman
6957:Thal Ghat
6922:Bhor Ghat
6912:Amba Ghat
6806:Nagarhole
6796:Mudumalai
6786:Kudremukh
6658:Vellayani
6628:Avalanche
6612:Vazhachal
6602:Vajrapoha
6572:Thalaiyar
6552:Shivganga
6517:Pandavgad
6492:Meenmutty
6422:Jaladurga
6387:Dudhsagar
6357:Catherine
6306:Wainganga
6291:Vedavathi
6286:Vashishti
6196:Sindphana
6181:Sharavati
6176:Shambhavi
6141:Pranahita
6136:Ponnaiyar
6111:Payaswini
6031:Painganga
6021:Pachaiyar
5996:Netravati
5931:Meenachil
5851:Kundalika
5806:Korapuzha
5791:Kodavanar
5786:Kodaganar
5716:Kadalundi
5706:Ithikkara
5696:Indrayani
5691:Indravati
5686:Honnuhole
5626:Dandavati
5611:Chulliyar
5571:Chalakudy
5561:Bindusara
5526:Arkavathi
5445:Anaimalai
5409:Vandaravu
5349:Ranipuram
5324:Pratapgad
5304:Nedumpara
5239:Kudremukh
5234:Kottamala
5209:Kattumala
5174:Eravimala
5104:Ambukuthi
5081:Tulu Nadu
5020:Karnataka
4874:Sri Lanka
4606:Karakoram
4522:Himalayas
4515:Mountains
4342:The Hindu
4168:The Hindu
4115:5 October
4102:251700847
3974:Schistura
3936:: 63–68.
3635:Sahyadria
3465:251728922
3226:The Hindu
1701:Gondwanan
1579:catfish,
1568:Dawkinsia
1557:like the
1535:Cyprinids
1470:Haludaria
1340:Mercurana
1057:species.
999:peat bogs
974:Karnataka
955:Karnataka
909:Karnataka
672:Karnataka
622:Geography
525:Dravidian
487:Etymology
483:in 2012.
379:Karnataka
310:Reference
281:Limestone
220:Karnataka
161:Geography
84:Elevation
18:Sahyadris
7285:Vaitarna
7260:Totladoh
7230:Solaiyar
7220:Servalar
7215:Sathanur
7210:Salaulim
7160:Nilwande
7145:Mukkadal
7105:Kodiveri
7015:Bhatghar
6971:Dams and
6942:Naneghat
6891:Thanthai
6801:Mukurthi
6731:Chimmony
6726:Chandoli
6701:Bandipur
6676:Anamalai
6592:Unchalli
6557:Siruvani
6512:Palaruvi
6507:Oliyarik
6482:Mallalli
6457:Kuchikal
6437:Kalhatti
6171:Shahanur
6016:Oshiwara
5961:Mullayar
5911:Manjalar
5901:Manimala
5896:Mangalam
5861:Kurumali
5756:Karamana
5681:Hemavati
5676:Gurupura
5661:Godavari
5576:Chaliyar
5536:Banganga
5455:Cardamom
5394:Taramati
5384:Sonsogor
5374:Sinhagad
5369:Saputara
5354:Ratangad
5329:Purandar
5309:Padagiri
5294:Mukurthi
5259:Madikeri
5199:Kalsubai
5149:Devimala
5129:Banasura
5119:Anjaneri
5071:Malenadu
4933:Southern
4928:Littoral
4918:Northern
4884:Maldives
4859:Pakistan
4707:Lowlands
4640:Plateaus
4551:Nilgiris
4439:Archived
4413:30 March
4407:Archived
4383:30 March
4377:Archived
4375:. 2007.
4347:Archived
4315:Archived
4280:Archived
4228:Archived
4173:Archived
4141:Archived
4106:Archived
3950:87261596
3908:83574801
3857:Archived
3834:39313203
3791:87291325
3746:21731689
3706:PLOS ONE
3572:Archived
3515:Archived
3513:. 1998.
3347:(2014).
3279:: 18–26.
3231:Archived
3196:Archived
3037:Archived
3017:27 April
3008:Archived
2978:10706275
2935:87414084
2842:Archived
2816:Archived
2785:Archived
2754:Archived
2728:Archived
2680:Archived
2654:Archived
2628:Archived
2602:Archived
2551:10706275
2472:Archived
2446:Archived
2420:Archived
2375:19 March
2369:Archived
2265:Archived
2215:20967202
2162:19 March
2126:Archived
2095:Archived
2019:Archived
1921:Archived
1867:See also
1810:poaching
1727:odonates
1693:species
1689:are the
1687:molluscs
1683:bivalves
1669:for its
1667:dormancy
1637:brackish
1300:Indirana
1271:reptiles
1157:Reptiles
1081:Species
754:Godavari
734:Nilgiris
593:Gondwana
569:Sanskrit
565:Sahyadri
418:Gondwana
411:Nilgiris
351:Sahyadri
301:Criteria
277:Laterite
261:Cenozoic
40:Sahyadri
7860:Ecology
7834:Portals
7437:Central
7334:Related
7325:Yeldari
7250:Temghar
7170:Panshet
7055:Itiadoh
7050:Hetwane
7045:Harangi
6990:Almatti
6932:Goa Gap
6896:Wayanad
6846:Periyar
6841:Peppara
6821:Nilgiri
6776:Karnala
6741:Dandeli
6736:Chinnar
6716:Bhimgad
6681:Annekal
6633:Berijam
6597:Vaideki
6587:Ulakkai
6537:Sathodi
6487:Manalar
6382:Devkund
6352:Barkana
6347:Bandaje
6342:Ayyanar
6261:Vaippar
6191:Shivana
6186:Shimsha
6166:Savitri
6126:Periyar
6086:Papagni
6081:Panzara
6026:Pahrali
5986:Narmada
5916:Manjira
5846:Kundali
5826:Krishna
5811:Korayar
5761:Karanja
5736:Kallayi
5731:Kallada
5671:Gomukhi
5616:Dahisar
5601:Chittar
5551:Bhavani
5470:Selbari
5465:Satmala
5460:Nilgiri
5440:Ambanad
5404:Vagamon
5379:Sispara
5139:Chembra
5114:Anginda
5109:Anamudi
5066:Malabar
5044:Regions
5015:Gujarat
4908:Central
4821:Islands
4686:Deserts
4445:28 July
4040:24 July
3930:Zootaxa
3888:Bibcode
3814:Bibcode
3737:3123301
3714:Bibcode
3618:7563806
3598:Bibcode
3345:Molur S
2986:4414279
2958:Bibcode
2678:. WWF.
2652:. WWF.
2600:. WWF.
2559:4414279
2531:Bibcode
2206:2954160
1802:grazing
1786:endemic
1743:leeches
1733:and 67
1713:Insects
1629:mahseer
1571:barbs,
1464:Dayella
1213:leopard
1100:Mammals
1085:Endemic
1039:lichens
951:Gujarat
885:Region
858:of the
819:equator
808:leeward
800:monsoon
781:Climate
762:Krishna
738:Anamudi
710:Goa Gap
660:Gujarat
615:African
581:faulted
575:Geology
549:Kannada
539:(dam),
463:leeward
455:monsoon
435:Anamudi
430:African
367:Gujarat
357:of the
325:Session
250:Geology
208:Gujarat
194:Western
180:Country
69:Anamudi
52:Anamudi
7320:Walwan
7315:Waghur
7280:Vaigai
7270:Ujjani
7255:Tilari
7200:Ramtek
7150:Mulshi
7140:Mettur
7080:Kanher
7065:Kabini
7025:Bhushi
6985:Aliyar
6826:Palani
6816:Neyyar
6791:Mhadei
6711:Bhadra
6686:Aralam
6648:Pykara
6567:Suruli
6497:Monkey
6442:Katary
6362:Charpa
6311:Wardha
6281:Varahi
6276:Varada
6131:Poisar
6106:Pavana
6061:Pambar
6056:Pambar
6011:Noyyal
6001:Neyyar
5781:Kedaka
5776:Kaveri
5711:Kabini
5566:Chakra
5541:Bhadra
5511:Amarja
5494:Rivers
5475:Palani
5359:Salher
5339:Rajgad
5334:Raigad
5269:Mahuli
5154:Dhodap
5061:Konkan
5025:Kerala
5002:States
4938:Island
4900:region
4869:Bhutan
4812:Makran
4788:Coasts
4779:Makran
4759:Konkan
4403:UNESCO
4373:UNESCO
4353:14 May
4100:
3948:
3906:
3832:
3789:
3744:
3734:
3616:
3564:
3463:
3359:
2984:
2976:
2950:Nature
2933:
2896:
2871:
2580:
2557:
2549:
2523:Nature
2398:
2347:
2322:
2297:
2213:
2203:
2072:2 July
2047:2 July
1975:
1950:
1854:UNESCO
1843:. The
1812:, and
1806:mining
1774:plains
1691:mussel
1631:, and
1597:, and
1527:, and
1524:Rohtee
1397:, and
1382:, the
1378:, and
1349:, and
1343:, and
1323:, and
1303:, and
1289:. New
1281:. The
1251:, and
1223:, and
1176:Fishes
1055:insect
1027:mosses
1011:sholas
1003:swamps
1001:, and
978:Kerala
932:Kerala
873:Sholas
760:, and
758:Kaveri
678:, and
676:Kerala
597:basalt
585:eroded
583:, and
561:Telugu
551:, and
478:UNESCO
385:, and
383:Kerala
363:states
273:Basalt
224:Kerala
204:States
190:Region
137:Length
71:,
7890:Media
7848:India
7618:South
7509:North
7310:Vihar
7245:Tansa
7240:Susri
7180:Pawna
7115:Koyna
7085:Kanva
7070:Kadra
7040:Gorur
6781:Koyna
6621:Lakes
6477:Magod
6472:Law's
6417:Irupu
6407:Hebbe
6397:Gokak
6327:Abbey
6296:Venna
6251:Ulhas
6241:Tunga
6236:Tirur
6216:Tasso
6211:Tapti
6206:Tansa
6116:Penna
6051:Pamba
6036:Palar
5966:Mutha
5946:Moyar
5941:Mithi
5831:Kubja
5821:Koyna
5801:Kolar
5766:Karha
5721:Kadva
5666:Gomai
5656:Girna
5631:Darna
5556:Bhima
5433:Hills
5399:Torna
5091:Peaks
4864:Nepal
4854:India
4749:Terai
4672:Malwa
4472:, WWF
4321:5 May
4289:4 May
4283:(PDF)
4272:(PDF)
4206:(PDF)
4199:(PDF)
4109:(PDF)
4098:S2CID
4078:(PDF)
3957:(PDF)
3946:S2CID
3926:(PDF)
3904:S2CID
3830:S2CID
3787:S2CID
3679:(PDF)
3672:(PDF)
3614:S2CID
3575:(PDF)
3558:(PDF)
3489:(PDF)
3482:(PDF)
3461:S2CID
3237:1 May
3199:(PDF)
3184:(PDF)
3160:(PDF)
3145:(PDF)
3073:(PDF)
3062:(PDF)
3011:(PDF)
3004:(PDF)
2982:S2CID
2931:S2CID
2704:. WWF
2555:S2CID
1831:, 13
1729:(107
1364:birds
1353:like
1333:like
1313:like
1311:toads
1221:dhole
1197:tiger
1119:Birds
1045:Fauna
888:Area
863:realm
846:Flora
557:gatte
553:katta
545:gattu
541:gatta
537:katte
533:Tamil
529:kattu
513:wharf
244:Marsh
235:Biome
184:India
145:Width
7706:West
7465:East
7305:Veer
7235:Supa
7035:Dhom
6761:Kali
6643:Ooty
6462:Kune
6256:Vaan
6006:Nira
5951:Mula
5881:Mahé
5726:Kali
5506:Adan
5051:Desh
4724:Doab
4447:2013
4415:2007
4385:2007
4355:2016
4323:2016
4291:2012
4236:2023
4181:2023
4149:2023
4117:2016
4042:2007
3934:3348
3865:2008
3742:PMID
3687:2006
3562:ISBN
3523:2009
3357:ISBN
3323:2021
3306:2016
3239:2016
3207:2016
3190:and
3127:2021
3110:2020
3081:2016
3045:2016
3019:2024
2974:PMID
2894:ISBN
2869:ISBN
2850:2023
2824:2023
2793:2023
2762:2023
2736:2023
2710:2023
2688:2023
2662:2023
2636:2019
2610:2023
2578:ISBN
2547:PMID
2508:2023
2480:2023
2454:2023
2428:2023
2396:ISBN
2377:2007
2345:ISBN
2320:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2273:2020
2211:PMID
2183:PLOS
2164:2007
2134:2023
2103:2019
2074:2024
2049:2024
2027:2023
1973:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1929:2019
1819:The
1645:and
1613:and
1583:and
1291:frog
1225:gaur
1186:53%
1183:116
1180:218
1167:62%
1161:156
1148:78%
1142:121
1123:508
1110:12%
1104:120
1068:herd
1066:gaur
773:and
609:and
521:Ghat
497:Ghat
493:ghat
424:and
345:The
332:Area
314:1342
279:and
242:and
226:and
196:and
153:Area
75:and
65:Peak
6861:SAI
6427:Jog
5164:Don
5010:Goa
4898:By
4090:doi
3988:doi
3938:doi
3896:doi
3853:FAO
3822:doi
3777:doi
3773:100
3732:PMC
3722:doi
3649:doi
3606:doi
3451:doi
3447:107
3310:doi
3114:doi
2966:doi
2954:403
2923:doi
2539:doi
2527:403
2201:PMC
2191:doi
1651:).
1164:97
1151:43
1145:94
1132:15
1129:4%
1126:19
1113:31
1107:14
905:Goa
732:at
668:Goa
658:of
650:in
646:at
409:at
401:in
397:to
375:Goa
365:of
216:Goa
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