1111:
1315:
401:
135:
157:
3746:
987:
1096:, grasslands, and possibly open woodlands, eating several species of plants, including some that are poisonous to other animals. They can cover long distances and swim across rivers, but they avoid steep or rugged areas. The mating season starts in November, when stags fight for the acceptance of females. The winner leads a herd of five to ten females (occasionally up to 50). In springtime, mothers come together in mass to give birth. Two-thirds of births are twins; the remaining third of births are single calves.
231:
1100:
189:
1390:
Recent trends in climate change have increased the aridity of the steppe region, leading an estimated 14% or more of available pastureland to be considered degraded and useless. Concurrently, small steppe rivers dry faster, limiting water resources to large lakes and rivers, which are usually populated by human settlements; high temperatures in the steppe region lead to springtime floods, in which saiga calves can drown.
1300:
1381:
lands. Currently, saiga populations' migratory routes pass five countries and different human-made constructions, such as railways, trenches, mining sites, and pipelines. These physical barriers limit movement of the antelopes. Cases of saiga herds being trapped within fenced areas and starving to death have been reported.
1411:
are not uncommon. In the 1980s, several saiga die-offs occurred, and between 2010 and 2014, one occurred every year. The deaths could be linked to calving aggregation, which is when they are most vulnerable. More recent research involving a mass die-off in 2015 indicates warmer weather and attendant
1258:
was heavily populated. The population's size remained high until the second half of the 19th century, when excessive horn export began. The high price and demand for horns drove radical hunting. The number of animals decreased in all regions and the migratory routes shifted southward. Populations in
1380:
Agricultural advancement and human settlements have been shrinking habitat areas of the saigas since the 20th century. Occupants limited saiga's passage to water resources and the winter and summer habitats. The ever-changing face of steppe requires saigas to search for new routes to their habitual
1173:
population in central
Kazakhstan, representing more than a third of the global population. By April 2016, the saigas appear to be making a comeback, with an increase of population from 31,000 to 36,000 in the Betpak-Dala area. In April 2021 a survey in Kazakhstan found that the saiga population had
1158:. In more recent years, the saiga has experienced massive regrowth. As of 2022, there is an estimated number of 1.38 million saiga surviving in Kazakhstan, per an April aerial count. As of December 2023, the global saiga antelope population is estimated to number 922,600–988,500 mature individuals.
1057:
The saiga stands 61–81 cm (24–32 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 26–69 kg (57–152 lb). The head-and-body length is typically between 100 and 140 cm (39 and 55 in). A prominent feature of the saiga is the pair of closely spaced, bloated nostrils directed downward. Other
1262:
After a rapid decline, they were nearly completely exterminated in the 1920s, but they were able to recover. By 1950, two million of them were found in the steppes of the USSR. Their population fell drastically following the collapse of the USSR due to uncontrolled hunting and demand for horns in
1079:
Only males possess horns. These horns, thick and slightly translucent, are wax-coloured and show 12 to 20 pronounced rings. With a base diameter of 25–33 mm (0.98–1.30 in), the horns of the
Russian saiga measure 28–38 cm (11–15 in) in length; the horns of the Mongolian saiga,
1044:
from as far west as modern-day
England and France to as far east as northern Siberia, Alaska, and probably Canada. The antelope gradually entered the Urals, though it did not colonise southern Europe. A 2010 study revealed that a steep decline has occurred in the genetic variability of the saiga
1389:
Saigas are dependent on weather and affected by climate fluctuations to a great extent due to their migratory nature. Harsh winters with strong winds or high snow coverage prevent them from feeding on the underlying grass. Population size usually dramatically decreases after severe cold months.
1169:, an infectious disease that strikes the lungs and intestines, the underlying trigger remains to be identified. In May 2015, what may be the same disease broke out in three northern regions of the country. As of 28 May 2015, more than 120,000 saigas have been confirmed dead in the
1372:, considered to be nutritious and delicious. Numerous recipes for cooking the antelope's meat can be found. Both meat and byproducts are sold in the country and outside of it. About 45–80 dm of skin can be harvested from one individual depending on its age and sex.
1070:
parts are generally white. The hairs, that measure 18–30 mm (0.71–1.18 in) long in summer, can grow as long as 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) in winter. This forms a 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long mane on the neck. Two distinct
1065:
shows seasonal changes. In summer, the coat appears yellow to red, fading toward the flanks. The
Mongolian saiga can develop a sandy colour. The coat develops a pale, grayish-brown colour in winter, with a hint of brown on the belly and the neck. The
749:). The study noted that the saiga and the springbok could be considerably different from the rest of the antilopines; a 2007 phylogenetic study suggested that the two form a clade sister to the gerenuk. The cladogram below is based on the 2013 study.
599:
regions of
Kazakhstan. A portion of the Ustyurt population migrates south to Uzbekistan and occasionally to Turkmenistan in winter. It is regionally extinct in Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, China and southwestern Mongolia. The Mongolian subspecies
3152:
Kock, R. A.; Orynbayev, M.; Robinson, S.; Zuther, S.; Singh, N. J.; Beauvais, W.; Morgan, E. R.; Kerimbayev, A.; Khomenko, S.; Martineau, H. M.; Rystaeva, R.; Omarova, Z.; Wolfs, S.; Hawotte, F.; Radoux, J.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2018).
3425:
Kuhl, A.; Balinova, N.; Bykova, E.; Esipov, A.; Arylov, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "The role of saiga poaching in rural communities: Linkages between attitudes, socio-economic circumstances and behaviour".
1466:
in London) reported that his colleagues and he had narrowed down the possible culprits. Climate change and stormy spring weather, they said, may have transformed harmless bacteria, carried by the saigas, into lethal pathogens.
1432:. Herd fatality is 100% once infected, with an estimated 40% of the species' total population already dead. More than 120,000 carcasses had been found by late May 2015, while the estimated total population was only 250,000.
1364:
In the period from 1955 to 1989, over 87 thousand tonnes of meat were collected in
Kazakhstan by killing more than five million saiga. In 2011, Kazakhstan reaffirmed a ban on hunting saiga and extended this ban until 2021.
1029:, although more recent studies suggest that these prehistoric representatives were merely geographical variants of the extant species that was formerly much more widespread. Fossils excavated from the Buran Kaya III site (
1182:
reported in 2022 that, partly due to their conservation efforts, as well as the designation of the Bokey Orda-Ashiozek protected area by the
Kazakhstan government, the population had now risen to a peak of 1.32 million.
3559:
Morgan, E.R.; Lundervold, M.; Medley, G.F.; Shaikenov, B.S.; Torgerson, P.R.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2006). "Assessing risks of disease transmission between wildlife and livestock: the Saiga antelope as a case study".
1439:, whose symptoms (bloating, mouth foaming, and diarrhea) had been observed in dead saiga antelopes. According to Nurushev, this disease occurred as a result of foraging on a large amount of easily fermenting plants (
1249:
The fragmented information shows an abundance of saigas on the territory of modern
Kazakhstan in the 14th-16th centuries. The migratory routes ranged throughout the country's area, especially the region between the
3013:
1337:
In June 2014, Chinese customs at the Kazakh border uncovered 66 cases containing 2,351 saiga antelope horns, estimated to be worth over Y70.5 million (US$ 11 million). In June 2015, E. J. Milner-Gulland (chair of
1304:
2162:
Campos, P.F.; Kristensen, T.; Orlando, L.; Sher, A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Gotherstrom, A.; Hofreiter, M.; Drucker, D.G.; Kosintsev, P.; Tikhonov, A.; Baryshnikov, G.F.; Willerslev, E.; Gilbert, M.T.P. (2010).
1075:
can be observed in a year, one in spring from April to May and another in autumn from late
September or early October to late November or early December. The tail measures 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in).
1350:
Saigas have been a target of hunting since prehistoric ages, when hunting was an essential means to acquire food. Saigas' horns, meat, and skin have commercial value and are exported from
Kazakhstan.
3589:
Morgan, E.R.; Shaikenov, B.; Torgerson, P.R.; Medley, G.F.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2005). "Helminths of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan: Implications for conservation and livestock production".
1110:
1657:
Neronov, V. M.; Arylova, N. Yu.; Dubinin, M. Yu.; Karimova, T. Yu.; Lushchekina, A. A. (2013). "Current state and prospects of preserving saiga antelope in Northwest Pre-Caspian region".
8325:
1505:
3127:
1357:, is one of the main ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine that is used as an extract or powder additive to the elixirs, ointments, and drinks. Saiga horn's value is equal to
3388:
Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Ubushaev, B.S.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "Monitoring population productivity in the saiga antelope".
2794:
1455:
agency which is involved in saiga conservation efforts issued a statement that the mass die-off had ended. By June 2015, no definitive cause for the epizootic had been found.
1479:, was determined to be the cause of death. The bacterium occurs in the antelopes and is normally harmless; the reason for the change in behavior of the bacterium is unknown.
2031:
1486:
is the likely cause of the most recent deaths The change of the bacteria may be attributed to "the response of opportunistic microbes to changing environmental conditions".
2974:
1482:
Now, scientists and researchers believe the unusually warm and wet uncontrolled environmental variables caused the bacterium to enter the bloodstream and become septic.
2401:
1330:
and can sell for as much as US$ 150. Demand for the horns drives poaching and smuggling, which has wiped out the population in China, where the saiga antelope is a
2912:
Saparov, Abdulla (2014). "Soil Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Current Status, Problems and Solutions". In Mueller, L.; Saparov, A.; Lischeid, G. (eds.).
2262:
3359:
Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance".
3499:
Morgan, E.R.; Medley, G.F.; Torgerson, P.R.; Shaikenov, B. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007). "Parasite transmission in a migratory multiple host system".
2954:
2088:
Lanoë, F.B.; Péan, S.; Yanevich, A. (2015). "Saiga antelope hunting in Crimea at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: the site of Buran-Kaya III Layer 4".
3732:
1246:
that were dated back to seventh to fifth century BC. Moreover, saiga bones were found among the remains of other wild animals near the human settlements.
3073:
1489:
The Betpak-Dala saiga population in central Kazakhstan, which saw the most deaths, increased from 31,000 after the epidemic to 36,000 by April 2016.
1331:
3330:
Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Tracking greenery in Central Asia: The migration of the saiga antelope".
3034:
8416:
3528:
Kholodova, M.V.; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Easton, A.J.; Amgalan, L.; Arylov, Iu.; Bekenov, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Ryder, O. (2006).
8628:
3293:
2123:
Jürgensen, Jonathan; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Stuart, Anthony J.; Schneider, Matthias; Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar; Bocherens, Hervé (March 2017).
1314:
8481:
8455:
1607:
1122:, are known for their extensive migrations across the steppes that allow them to escape natural calamities. Saigas are highly vulnerable to
2914:
Novel Measurement and Assessment Tools for Monitoring and Management of Land and Water Resources in Agricultural Landscapes of Central Asia
1700:
3669:
Robinson, S.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2003). "Political change and factors limiting numbers of wild and domestic ungulates in Kazakhstan".
2802:
2479:
2280:
Owen-Smith, N. (2008). "The comparative population dynamics of browsing and grazing ungulates". In Gordon, I.J.; Prins, H.H.T. (eds.).
1509:
1751:
Systema Naturae: per Regna tria Natura, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis
8587:
8390:
8429:
2601:
Bekenov, A. B.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1998). "The ecology and management of the Saiga antelope in Kazakhstan".
1361:, whose trade was banned in 1993. Cornu Antelopis is thought to be a cheaper substitute of rare rhino horn in most TCM recipes.
3799:
3626:
Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Coulson, T.N.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Grachev, Iu.A. (2003).
8473:
3698:
Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Amgalan, L.; Lushchekina, A.A. (2001).
2642:
2493:
Nadachowski, A.; Lipecki, G.; Ratajczak, Urszula; Stefaniak, K.; Wojtal, P. (2016). "Dispersal events of the saiga antelope (
2297:
2238:
1949:
1897:
1872:
1838:
1793:
8434:
3265:
2405:
1174:
risen from an estimated 334,000 to 842,000. The population increase was partially attributed to the government crackdown on
8678:
1150:
In the mid-2010s, the populations declined enormously – as much as 95% in 15 years. This led the saiga to be classified as
3059:
2313:
3455:
Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Erdnenov, G.I.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007).
1058:
facial features include the dark markings on the cheeks and the nose, and the 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) long ears.
8673:
8574:
2676:
2164:
2929:
8369:
1771:
8653:
2125:"Diet and habitat of the saiga antelope during the late Quaternary using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios"
1067:
8486:
8382:
624:
17:
2992:
2824:
1966:
1940:
Marcot, J.D. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls". In Prothero, D.R.; Foss, S.E. (eds.).
1753:. Vol. t.1, pt. 1 (Regnum animale) (1766) (12th ed.). Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 97.
8605:
4151:
3237:"Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Saiga Antelope (
2701:
The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)
2339:
8663:
4940:
2535:
2379:
1712:
1327:
1893:"A revised phylogeny of Antilopini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes"
8468:
8304:
8299:
8291:
1339:
8668:
8658:
8638:
4220:
3792:
2165:"Ancient DNA sequences point to a large loss of mitochondrial genetic diversity in the saiga antelope (
35:
7197:
4142:
4133:
3457:"The big spenders of the steppe: sex-specific maternal allocation and twinning in the saiga antelope"
3294:"Conserving a moving target: planning protection for a migratory species as its distribution changes"
2628:
3102:
2668:
Antelopes: Part 4 – North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia: Global Survey and Regional Action Plans
2497:) in Central Europe in response to the climatic fluctuations in MIS 2 and the early part of MIS 1".
2428:
1742:
1492:
In late 2016, a large loss of the population happened in Mongolia. The etiology was confirmed to be
1001:
Fossils of saiga, concentrated mainly in central and northern Eurasia, date to as early as the late
8264:
6984:
3751:
2499:
1463:
1267:, encouraged the hunting of this species, as its horn was presented as an alternative to that of a
143:
3530:"Mitochondrial DNA variation and population structure of the Critically Endangered saiga antelope
3155:"Saigas on the brink: Multidisciplinary analysis of the factors influencing mass mortality events"
1995:
Baryshnikov, G.; Tikhonov, A. (1994). "Notes on skulls of Pleistocene Saiga of Northern Eurasia".
1640:
230:
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that was "between the deer and ram in size" and was wrongly believed to drink through its nose.
8525:
8421:
8226:
4684:
4390:
4309:
3737:
2289:
1483:
1413:
1288:
1037:. The morphology of saiga does not seem to have changed significantly since prehistoric times.
680:
486:
3697:
2666:
2632:
8648:
8643:
8520:
7834:
6864:
5089:
4318:
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3785:
2751:
Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1994). "A Population Model for the Management of the Saiga Antelope".
2726:
1471:
1284:
1220:
1151:
1046:
352:
8512:
2916:. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing. pp. 61–73.
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2136:
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2004:
1906:
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1342:) said: "Antipoaching needs to be a top priority for the Russian and Kazakh governments."
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8:
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2008:
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2559:
2207:
2070:
1944:(Illustrated ed.). Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 4–18.
1682:
1632:
1412:
humidity led bacteria common in saiga antelopes to move into the bloodstream and cause
440:
421:
225:
156:
2614:
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7807:
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7414:
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5353:
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4657:
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4045:
3716:
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3321:
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2672:
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2211:
2199:
2195:
2074:
1945:
1922:
1892:
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1619:
1239:
1119:
986:
714:
3690:
3618:
3588:
3520:
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3417:
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2939:
2879:
Milner-Gulland; Kholodova; Bekenov; Bukreeva; Grachev; Amgalan; Lushchekina (2001).
2148:
1686:
691:. Subsequent authors were not certain about the relationship between the two, until
8565:
8317:
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6900:
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3661:
3639:
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3454:
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3339:
3316:
3182:
3174:
2917:
2892:
2768:
2610:
2516:
2191:
2144:
2105:
2062:
2012:
1914:
1674:
1624:
1493:
1408:
1223:. By the classical age, they were apparently considered a characteristic animal of
1165:
of Kazakhstan were found dead. Although the deaths are currently being ascribed to
696:
584:
506:
329:
147:
8494:
7931:
7922:
7870:
7861:
7642:
6499:
6490:
5967:
5563:
4615:
4525:
4363:
4175:
4054:
4027:
4018:
3581:
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2520:
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1854:
1436:
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684:
665:
635:
613:
592:
548:
544:
193:
39:
8538:
8460:
8330:
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1918:
655:: also known as the Russian saiga, it is only to be found today in central Asia.
8377:
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8131:
8069:
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7690:
7215:
7164:
7017:
6855:
6557:
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5362:
5172:
5047:
4886:
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3602:
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1424:
In May 2015, uncommonly large numbers of saigas began to die from a mysterious
1308:
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1041:
588:
568:
169:
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3762:
3682:
3550:
3529:
2317:
2109:
2016:
1678:
8622:
8442:
8249:
7756:
7738:
7624:
7561:
7552:
6611:
6346:
6319:
6090:
6000:
5991:
5976:
5841:
5805:
5760:
5697:
5688:
5205:
5163:
5056:
5022:
5012:
4913:
4895:
4558:
4507:
4417:
3981:
1779:
1738:
1566:
1243:
1208:
1200:
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1062:
692:
668:, it is sometimes treated as an independent species, or as subspecies of the
620:
369:
198:
85:
8579:
3128:"Why 220,000 saiga antelope died suddenly in Kazakhstan in 2015 - CBC Radio"
2975:"Endangered saiga antelope mysteriously dying in vast numbers in Kazakhstan"
1803:
8150:
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7423:
7296:
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1822:
1525:
1204:
1135:
1131:
726:
718:
408:
Reconstructed range (white) and current distribution of the two subspecies
165:
3210:
2032:"Quaternary skulls of the saiga antelope from Eastern Europe and Siberia:
8499:
8403:
8258:
7771:
7519:
6681:
6635:
6626:
6575:
6527:
6388:
6230:
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5814:
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4868:
4711:
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1162:
1002:
669:
596:
564:
475:
302:
282:
60:
3424:
1099:
699:
is closer to the Caprinae while the saiga is closer to the Antilopinae.
8592:
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6695:
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4988:
4979:
4754:
4745:
4624:
4549:
4090:
3911:
3074:"More Than Half of Entire Species of Saigas Gone in Mysterious Die-Off"
2780:
2263:"134,000 saiga antelope dead in two weeks. What is the probable cause?"
1636:
1521:
1268:
1255:
1161:
In May 2010, an estimated 12,000 of the 26,000 saiga population in the
1104:
1089:
1006:
710:
695:
studies in the 1990s revealed that though morphologically similar, the
642:
105:
70:
2878:
2560:Маргулан, А.X.; Акишев, К.А.; Кадырбаев, М.К.; Оразбаев, А.М. (1966).
2353:
1263:
Chinese medicine. At one point, some conservation groups, such as the
1013:
from the Pleistocene of Eurasia and Alaska have been named, including
30:"Saiga" redirects here. For the shotgun named after the antelope, see
8408:
8351:
8078:
7999:
7852:
7723:
7714:
7188:
6762:
6753:
6738:
6729:
6593:
6165:
5949:
5883:
5769:
5284:
5080:
4769:
4693:
4573:
4124:
4009:
3999:
3893:
3884:
1425:
1319:
1242:
settlements. Illustrations of saiga antelopes can be found among the
991:
901:
811:
734:
703:
560:
242:
110:
8220:
8045:
3644:
3627:
2832:
2772:
2492:
2233:(Third ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 2217–2218.
1628:
8559:
8356:
8243:
7987:
7615:
7287:
6999:
6837:
6777:
6442:
6141:
5673:
5618:
5506:
5335:
4811:
4802:
4778:
4666:
4540:
4290:
4166:
3862:
3840:
3828:
3211:"Peste Des Petits Ruminants – Mongolia (03): (Hovd) Saiga Antelope"
2458:
1506:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
1476:
1459:
1448:
1404:
1175:
1072:
1034:
860:
688:
580:
572:
556:
540:
262:
100:
95:
80:
75:
65:
31:
2993:"Mass deaths hit Kazakhstan's endangered Ice Age antelope species"
1555:
8600:
8192:
8027:
7888:
7747:
7137:
6924:
6915:
6828:
6714:
6705:
6677:
6433:
6337:
6301:
6216:
6212:
6183:
6108:
5796:
5669:
5630:
5214:
5131:
5037:
4300:
4250:
3945:
2997:
2340:"Rare saiga antelope population now over a million in Kazakhstan"
1785:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1440:
1435:
Biologist Murat Nurushev suggested that the cause might be acute
1224:
916:
795:
742:
312:
292:
115:
90:
8343:
3668:
2955:"Why Did Two-Thirds of These Weird Antelope Suddenly Drop Dead?"
8286:
8036:
7605:
7510:
7333:
7323:
6939:
6451:
6291:
6273:
6264:
6150:
6072:
6024:
6015:
5473:
5464:
5399:
5390:
5380:
5302:
4835:
4648:
4498:
3834:
3822:
3741:
3291:
2671:. International Union for Conservation of Nature. p. 164.
2122:
1833:. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157.
1444:
1228:
1212:
1192:
1103:
Herd of saiga antelope gathered at the water's edge in western
1093:
1030:
843:
272:
252:
2480:"Endangered antelope numbers bounce back from near extinction"
1238:
Considerable evidence shows the importance of the antelope to
8533:
8060:
8018:
7593:
7263:
7254:
6548:
6475:
6466:
6397:
6126:
6081:
5940:
5865:
5745:
5736:
5247:
5238:
4730:
4721:
3930:
3921:
1788:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 688.
1656:
1216:
1139:
1080:
however, reach a maximum length of 22 cm (8.7 in).
730:
215:
209:
2600:
2404:. United Nations Environment Programme. 2015. Archived from
1299:
7206:
6536:
6424:
6406:
6063:
5916:
5320:
5187:
5003:
4277:
4238:
3151:
2161:
1179:
1123:
521:
515:
6674:
2795:"Kazakhstan extends Saiga antelope hunting ban until 2021"
2574:
2402:"Catastrophic Collapse of Saiga Antelopes in Central Asia"
1283:) is found in a small area in western Mongolia around the
7816:
6415:
6361:
5293:
4675:
1512:
was concluded and came into effect on 24 September 2006.
1127:
518:
2380:"Saiga Antelope Death Toll in Kazakhstan Reaches 85,000"
1259:
Ukraine were driven to extirpation in the 18th century.
1178:
and the establishment of conservation areas. UK charity
5666:
3035:"Свою версию гибели сайгаков выдвинул академик Нурушев"
1045:
since the late Pleistocene-Holocene, probably due to a
6209:
1890:
1863:. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. pp.
2634:
No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species
2455:"Critically endangered antelope saiga makes comeback"
512:
2665:
Mallon, David P.; Kingswood, Steven Charles (2001).
559:
in the southwest into Mongolia in the northeast and
1994:
1891:Bärmann, E.V.; Rössner, G.E.; Wörheide, G. (2013).
509:
3763:"IFAW Russia – Saiga antelopes are rare creatures"
3203:
3103:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic"
2825:"ОХОТНИЧЬЯ КУХНЯ. САЙГАК. Рецепты БЛЮД ИЗ САЙГАКА"
2744:
2429:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic"
2226:
1033:) date back to the transition from Pleistocene to
3700:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations"
2881:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations"
2354:"Mystery over mass antelope deaths in Kazakhstan"
2087:
1040:Before the Holocene, the saiga ranged across the
8620:
3628:"Reproductive collapse in saiga antelope harems"
1451:, and mixed wet, green grass). In May 2015, the
3807:
2664:
1709:Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered
1191:The saiga was not present in Europe during the
2750:
2382:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 May 2015
1318:Examples of saiga horn products seized by the
3793:
3029:
3027:
2855:"Казахстан обвинили в дезориентации сайгаков"
2316:. Saiga Conservation Alliance. Archived from
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
3738:saiga-antelope/saiga-tatarica Saiga antelope
2564:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука. pp. 11, 238.
2314:"Welcome to the Saiga Conservation Alliance"
2224:
1458:At a scientific meeting in November 2015 in
2637:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 210.
1821:
1556:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2023).
1393:
1145:
1088:Saigas form very large herds that graze in
3882:
3800:
3786:
3744:
3292:Singh, N.J.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2011).
3024:
3005:
2279:
2247:
1510:Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding
1462:, Uzbekistan, Dr. Richard A. Kock (of the
1326:The horn of the saiga antelope is used in
725:) and colleagues showed that the saiga is
399:
187:
155:
133:
8117:
5589:
3715:
3643:
3549:
3480:
3320:
3186:
2896:
2029:
1886:
1884:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
721:data in 2013, Eva Verena Bärmann (of the
607:
7998:
5388:
2621:
2562:Древняя культура Центрального Казахстана
2260:
1853:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1737:
1313:
1298:
1109:
1098:
1083:
985:
4289:
3860:
3246:. Convention on Migratory Species. 2011
2911:
2698:
1964:
1605:
1384:
1231:'s description of an animal called the
14:
8621:
4007:
3773:from the original on 21 December 2021.
3071:
3011:
2967:
2533:
2452:
2155:
1939:
1881:
1762:
1760:
1586:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1419:
1398:
8629:IUCN Red List near threatened species
8225:
8224:
8116:
7985:
7984:
7590:
6673:
6208:
5665:
5127:
4273:
3859:
3781:
3733:CMS Saiga Memorandum of Understanding
3096:
3094:
2627:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2575:В. А. Фадеев; А. А. Слудский (1982).
2288:. Berlin, Germany: Springer. p.
1898:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1810:
1766:
634:and is the sole living member of the
8606:83FA53FD-D6BD-403C-9A1D-6EE9B4115055
8383:6a3f42a1-c760-4f8f-bc0e-3b7dd37891b9
5425:
2952:
1375:
4274:
3757:WWF species profile: Saiga antelope
3100:
3014:"Kazakhstan's econological mystery"
2426:
2284:The ecology of browsing and grazing
2229:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
1757:
1567:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1538:
604:) occurs only in western Mongolia.
24:
7591:
5128:
3461:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
3284:
3091:
2583:
2536:"Book VII, Chapter 4, Paragraph 8"
1274:
1052:
687:Saigini under the same subfamily,
575:. Today, the dominant subspecies (
25:
8690:
3726:
2615:10.1046/j.1365-2907.1998.281024.x
2090:Journal of Archaeological Science
1967:"Late Pleistocene Saiga antelope
679:In 1945, American paleontologist
3717:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x
3410:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00260.x
3344:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00671.x
3322:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01905.x
2981:. Associated Press. 25 May 2015.
2898:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x
2261:Nicholls, Henry (12 June 2015).
2196:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04826.x
551:, spanning the foothills of the
505:
229:
58:
4152:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
3521:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.002
3266:"Western saiga (Russian saiga)"
3258:
3229:
3145:
3120:
3065:
3053:
2985:
2946:
2905:
2872:
2847:
2817:
2787:
2719:
2707:
2692:
2658:
2568:
2553:
2527:
2486:
2472:
2446:
2420:
2394:
2372:
2346:
2332:
2306:
2273:
2225:Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002).
2218:
2149:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.022
2116:
2081:
2023:
1988:
1958:
1933:
1515:
1499:
1186:
4941:Central American red brocket (
1860:Wildlife of the Tibetan steppe
1847:
1731:
1693:
1650:
1009:). Several species of extinct
166:Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve
13:
1:
1942:The Evolution of Artiodactyls
1531:
1227:, judging from the historian
675:; it is confined to Mongolia.
563:in the southeast. During the
547:inhabited a vast area of the
5648:Large subfamily listed below
5636:Large subfamily listed below
5624:Large subfamily listed below
3591:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
3582:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.012
3448:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.009
3381:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.026
3012:Taylor, Adam (29 May 2015).
2534:Strabo (25 September 2012).
2521:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.068
2067:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.040
1713:Zoological Society of London
1328:traditional Chinese medicine
1126:. Juveniles are targeted by
981:
7:
8679:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4143:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
4134:Indian spotted chevrotain (
3332:Diversity and Distributions
2922:10.1007/978-3-319-01017-5_2
1919:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.015
1340:Saiga Conservation Alliance
10:
8695:
3603:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.149
3301:Journal of Applied Ecology
2753:Journal of Applied Ecology
2579:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука.
2129:Quaternary Science Reviews
1504:Under the auspices of the
1368:Saiga meat is compared to
1345:
1294:
1114:Fawn hidden in the grasses
571:from the British Isles to
36:Saiga semi-automatic rifle
29:
8674:Mammals described in 1766
8549:
8233:
8191:
8163:
8139:
8130:
8126:
8112:
8079:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
8070:Domestic Bactrian camel (
8058:
8007:
7994:
7980:
7944:
7920:
7896:
7887:
7769:
7736:
7712:
7679:
7655:
7634:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7613:
7604:
7600:
7586:
7550:
7508:
7331:
7322:
7276:
7252:
7228:
7186:
7135:
7111:
7102:
7074:
7050:
7043:
6997:
6937:
6913:
6826:
6775:
6751:
6727:
6703:
6694:
6690:
6669:
6624:
6525:
6516:
6488:
6464:
6359:
6299:
6290:
6262:
6238:
6229:
6225:
6204:
6163:
6139:
6061:
6037:
6013:
5989:
5938:
5914:
5863:
5758:
5734:
5710:
5686:
5682:
5661:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5580:
5543:
5519:
5486:
5462:
5453:
5416:
5379:
5333:
5273:
5264:
5236:
5185:
5152:
5143:
5139:
5123:
5069:
5035:
5001:
4977:
4953:
4923:Amazonian brown brocket (
4857:
4824:
4800:
4767:
4743:
4719:
4710:
4646:
4595:
4571:
4538:
4487:
4454:
4430:
4298:
4285:
4269:
4256:Large family listed below
4249:
4244:Large family listed below
4237:
4221:Williamson's mouse-deer (
4164:
4122:
4098:
4089:
3998:
3943:
3919:
3910:
3873:
3869:
3855:
3817:
3551:10.1017/S0030605306000135
3041:(in Russian). 24 May 2015
2110:10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.012
2017:10.1080/10292389409380478
1679:10.1134/S2079096113020078
1332:class I protected species
990:Saiga antelope skull and
956:
914:
899:
892:
857:
840:
833:
809:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
630:. It was reclassified as
427:
420:
407:
398:
382:
377:
358:
351:
226:Scientific classification
224:
207:
185:
176:
163:
154:
141:
132:
49:
6320:Domestic water buffalo (
4685:Central Asian red deer (
4310:Bornean yellow muntjac (
2500:Quaternary International
2169:) since the Pleistocene"
2047:Quaternary International
1701:"Saiga/mongolian Saiga (
1464:Royal Veterinary College
1428:illness suspected to be
1394:Mass epizootic mortality
1146:Distribution and habitat
994:mount on display at the
144:Stepnoi Nature Sanctuary
8654:Mammals of Central Asia
7198:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6985:Soemmerring's gazelle (
5090:Yucatan brown brocket (
4319:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
4203:Philippine mouse-deer (
3683:10.1023/A:1022834224257
3562:Biological Conservation
3428:Biological Conservation
3361:Biological Conservation
2799:Silk Road Intelligencer
2699:van Uhm, D. P. (2016).
1289:Mankhan Nature Reserves
723:University of Cambridge
683:classified both in the
567:, it ranged across the
410:Saiga tatarica tatarica
38:. For the surname, see
7908:White-lipped peccary (
7844:Philippine warty pig (
7469:Yellow-backed duiker (
7433:Black-fronted duiker (
7406:White-bellied duiker (
7027:Przewalski's gazelle (
6250:Four-horned antelope (
5048:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4607:Visayan spotted deer (
4466:European fallow deer (
4409:Northern red muntjac (
4355:Southern red muntjac (
3473:10.1098/rspb.2007.0038
3179:10.1126/sciadv.aao2314
2801:. 2011. Archived from
2716:(Chinese) 23 June 2014
2714:新疆霍尔果斯海关破获一起羚羊角走私案 天山网
2453:Briggs, Helen (2021).
2040:— One species or two?"
2030:Ratajczak, U. (2016).
1965:Currant, A.P. (1987).
1782:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1606:Sokolov, V.E. (1974).
1484:Hemorrhagic septicemia
1414:hemorrhagic septicemia
1323:
1311:
1303:Stuffed saiga herd at
1115:
1107:
998:
739:Antidorcas marsupialis
681:George Gaylord Simpson
608:Taxonomy and phylogeny
8521:Paleobiology Database
8088:Wild Bactrian camel (
7790:Bornean bearded pig (
7781:Palawan bearded pig (
7370:White-legged duiker (
6796:Red-fronted gazelle (
4475:Persian fallow deer (
4391:Roosevelt's muntjac (
4064:Himalayan musk deer (
3973:Reticulated giraffe (
3060:Saiga mystery disease
2703:. New York: Springer.
1472:Pasteurella multocida
1353:Saiga horn, known as
1317:
1305:The Museum of Zoology
1302:
1279:The Mongolian saiga (
1221:Northwest Territories
1199:, it ranged from the
1152:critically endangered
1113:
1102:
1084:Ecology and behaviour
1047:population bottleneck
989:
702:In a revision of the
587:of Russia and in the
555:in the northwest and
34:. For the rifle, see
8378:Fauna Europaea (new)
8175:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7835:Oliver's warty pig (
7460:Red-flanked duiker (
6865:Erlanger's gazelle (
6585:Harnessed bushbuck (
6311:Wild water buffalo (
5788:East Caucasian tur (
5779:West Caucasian tur (
4932:Little red brocket (
4400:Truong Son muntjac (
4212:Vietnam mouse-deer (
4194:Greater mouse-deer (
4073:Siberian musk deer (
3501:Ecological Modelling
1574:: e.T19832A233712210
1520:Currently, only the
1385:Climatic variability
664:: also known as the
553:Carpathian Mountains
8664:Mammals of Mongolia
7808:Celebes warty pig (
7799:Visayan warty pig (
7415:Red forest duiker (
7147:Günther's dik-dik (
7009:Mongolian gazelle (
6814:Heuglin's gazelle (
6805:Thomson's gazelle (
5959:Long-tailed goral (
5354:Mountain reedbuck (
5345:Southern reedbuck (
5197:East African oryx (
5099:White-tailed deer (
4878:Small red brocket (
4845:South Andean deer (
4788:Siberian roe deer (
4779:European roe deer (
4616:Philippine sambar (
4583:Père David's deer (
4185:Lesser mouse-deer (
4046:Kashmir musk deer (
3574:2006BCons.131..244M
3513:2007EcMod.200..511M
3467:(1615): 1293–1299.
3440:2009BCons.142.1442K
3402:2009AnCon..12..355K
3390:Animal Conservation
3373:2010BCons.143.1770S
3313:2011JApEc..48...35S
3171:2018SciA....4.2314K
3101:Yin, Steph (2016).
3072:Zimmer, C. (2015).
3018:The Washington Post
2835:on 21 November 2014
2765:1994JApEc..31...25M
2577:Сайгак в Казахстане
2513:2016QuInt.420..357N
2188:2010MolEc..19.4863C
2141:2017QSRv..160..150J
2102:2015JArSc..54..270L
2059:2016QuInt.420..329R
2009:1994HBio....8..209B
1911:2013MolPE..67..484B
1671:2013ArEco...3...57N
1420:2015–2016 epizootic
1399:1980 to 2015 events
1265:World Wildlife Fund
1197:last glacial period
996:Museum of Osteology
747:Litocranius walleri
459:Linnaeus, 1766
179:Conservation status
27:Species of antelope
7956:Collared peccary (
7826:Flores warty pig (
7667:Giant forest hog (
7529:Maxwell's duiker (
7451:Ruwenzori duiker (
7397:Jentink's duiker (
7306:Sharpe's grysbok (
7062:Tibetan antelope (
6967:Bright's gazelle (
6901:Goitered gazelle (
6874:Mountain gazelle (
6847:Cuvier's gazelle (
6787:Mongalla gazelle (
6175:Pyrenean chamois (
5601:Tibetan antelope (
5555:Black wildebeest (
4382:Reeves's muntjac (
4346:Sumatran muntjac (
4337:Gongshan muntjac (
4110:Water chevrotain (
4037:Alpine musk deer (
3964:Southern giraffe (
3955:Northern giraffe (
3107:The New York Times
3078:The New York Times
2433:The New York Times
1997:Historical Biology
1324:
1312:
1120:Mongolian gazelles
1116:
1108:
999:
539:, is a species of
467:Forster, 1768
56:Pleistocene–Recent
8669:Mammals of Russia
8659:Mammals of Europe
8639:Antelopes of Asia
8616:
8615:
8508:Open Tree of Life
8227:Taxon identifiers
8218:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8187:
8186:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8100:
8099:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7932:Chacoan peccary (
7883:
7882:
7871:Javan warty pig (
7862:Timor warty pig (
7669:H. meinertzhageni
7643:Togian babirusa (
7582:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7538:Walter's duiker (
7478:Abbott's duiker (
7442:Ogilby's duiker (
7388:Harvey's duiker (
7352:Brooke's duiker (
7318:
7317:
7098:
7097:
7039:
7038:
6976:Peter's gazelle (
6958:Grant's gazelle (
6892:Speke's gazelle (
6665:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6542:
6512:
6511:
6500:African buffalo (
6331:B. depressicornis
6286:
6285:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6195:
5968:Himalayan goral (
5790:C. cylindricornis
5657:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5613:
5612:
5576:
5575:
5564:Blue wildebeest (
5498:Common tsessebe (
5449:
5448:
5412:
5411:
5375:
5374:
5287:K. ellipsiprymnus
5260:
5259:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5059:P. mephistophiles
5015:P. mephistophiles
4706:
4705:
4402:M. truongsonensis
4364:Pu Hoat muntjac (
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4233:
4232:
4176:Java mouse-deer (
4085:
4084:
4055:Black musk deer (
4028:Dwarf musk deer (
4019:Anhui musk deer (
3994:
3993:
3957:G. camelopardalis
3906:
3905:
3752:Ultimate Ungulate
2953:Yong, Ed (2018).
2644:978-0-06-055804-8
2299:978-3-540-72422-3
2240:978-0-7614-7282-7
2176:Molecular Ecology
1951:978-0-8018-8735-2
1874:978-0-226-73652-5
1840:978-1-4214-0093-8
1831:Ungulate Taxonomy
1795:978-0-8018-8221-0
1620:Mammalian Species
1376:Physical barriers
1240:Andronovo culture
1118:Saigas, like the
978:
977:
969:
968:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
881:
880:
872:
871:
822:
821:
663:
654:
579:) only occurs in
497:
496:
490:
479:
468:
460:
452:
451:Pallas, 1766
448:Antilope scythica
444:
333:
219:
202:
16:(Redirected from
8686:
8609:
8608:
8596:
8595:
8583:
8582:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8542:
8541:
8529:
8528:
8516:
8515:
8503:
8502:
8490:
8489:
8477:
8476:
8464:
8463:
8451:
8450:
8438:
8437:
8425:
8424:
8412:
8411:
8399:
8398:
8386:
8385:
8373:
8372:
8360:
8359:
8347:
8346:
8334:
8333:
8321:
8320:
8308:
8307:
8295:
8294:
8282:
8281:
8269:
8268:
8267:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8222:
8221:
8137:
8136:
8128:
8127:
8114:
8113:
8005:
8004:
7996:
7995:
7982:
7981:
7894:
7893:
7700:Common warthog (
7691:Desert warthog (
7611:
7610:
7602:
7601:
7588:
7587:
7487:Weyns's duiker (
7361:Peters' duiker (
7343:Aders's duiker (
7329:
7328:
7216:Royal antelope (
7174:Salt's dik-dik (
7165:Silver dik-dik (
7156:Kirk's dik-dik (
7109:
7108:
7086:Saiga antelope (
7048:
7047:
6987:N. soemmerringii
6856:Dorcas gazelle (
6701:
6700:
6692:
6691:
6685:
6671:
6670:
6558:Mountain nyala (
6541:
6540:
6532:
6523:
6522:
6478:P. nghetinhensis
6380:European bison (
6371:American bison (
6297:
6296:
6236:
6235:
6227:
6226:
6220:
6206:
6205:
6082:Domestic sheep (
5926:Himalayan tahr (
5893:Mainland serow (
5875:Japanese serow (
5684:
5683:
5677:
5663:
5662:
5587:
5586:
5460:
5459:
5423:
5422:
5386:
5385:
5363:Bohor reedbuck (
5271:
5270:
5250:A. nasomaculatus
5173:Sable antelope (
5150:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5125:
5124:
4887:Merida brocket (
4717:
4716:
4658:Thorold's deer (
4510:A. calamianensis
4393:M. rooseveltorum
4339:M. gongshanensis
4296:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4096:
4095:
4005:
4004:
3984:G. tippelskirchi
3917:
3916:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3857:
3856:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3748:
3721:
3719:
3694:
3665:
3647:
3622:
3585:
3555:
3553:
3524:
3507:(3–4): 511–520.
3494:
3484:
3451:
3434:(7): 1442–1449.
3421:
3384:
3367:(7): 1770–1779.
3355:
3326:
3324:
3298:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3159:Science Advances
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2831:. Archived from
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2731:programs.wcs.org
2727:"Saiga Antelope"
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2427:Yin, S. (2016).
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2287:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2173:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2044:
2027:
2021:
2020:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1978:UBSS Proceedings
1975:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1715:. Archived from
1697:
1691:
1690:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1646:on 4 March 2016.
1645:
1639:. Archived from
1616:
1603:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1553:
1409:mass mortalities
895:
894:
836:
835:
788:
787:
781:
780:
774:
773:
767:
766:
760:
759:
753:
752:
713:on the basis of
697:Tibetan antelope
661:
653:(Linnaeus, 1766)
652:
645:are recognised:
625:12th edition of
585:Astrakhan Oblast
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
485:
474:
466:
458:
450:
439:
403:
364:
344:S. tatarica
328:
234:
233:
213:
196:
191:
190:
164:A female at the
159:
148:Astrakhan Oblast
137:
127:
57:
53:Temporal range:
47:
46:
21:
8694:
8693:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8684:
8683:
8619:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8604:
8599:
8591:
8586:
8578:
8573:
8564:
8563:
8558:
8545:
8537:
8532:
8524:
8519:
8511:
8506:
8498:
8495:Observation.org
8493:
8485:
8480:
8472:
8467:
8459:
8454:
8446:
8441:
8433:
8428:
8420:
8415:
8407:
8402:
8394:
8389:
8381:
8376:
8368:
8363:
8355:
8350:
8342:
8337:
8329:
8324:
8316:
8311:
8303:
8298:
8290:
8285:
8277:
8272:
8263:
8262:
8257:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8229:
8219:
8206:
8183:
8159:
8122:
8096:
8054:
7990:
7964:
7940:
7916:
7879:
7846:S. philippensis
7783:S. ahoenobarbus
7765:
7757:Red river hog (
7732:
7708:
7675:
7651:
7625:Buru babirusa (
7596:
7570:
7562:Common duiker (
7546:
7504:
7314:
7272:
7248:
7224:
7182:
7131:
7094:
7070:
7035:
7020:P. picticaudata
6993:
6933:
6909:
6903:G. subgutturosa
6822:
6771:
6747:
6723:
6686:
6675:
6653:
6620:
6612:Cape bushbuck (
6605:T. strepsiceros
6534:
6533:
6531:
6508:
6484:
6460:
6355:
6347:Mountain anoa (
6282:
6276:B. tragocamelus
6258:
6252:T. quadricornis
6221:
6210:
6192:
6159:
6135:
6091:Bighorn sheep (
6057:
6033:
6009:
6001:Mountain goat (
5985:
5977:Chinese goral (
5934:
5910:
5895:C. sumatraensis
5859:
5842:Siberian ibex (
5806:Domestic goat (
5754:
5730:
5706:
5698:Barbary sheep (
5678:
5667:
5649:
5637:
5625:
5609:
5572:
5539:
5515:
5482:
5445:
5408:
5371:
5329:
5256:
5232:
5206:Scimitar oryx (
5181:
5164:Roan antelope (
5135:
5129:
5107:
5065:
5057:Northern pudu (
5031:
5023:Southern pudu (
5013:Northern pudu (
4997:
4973:
4949:
4914:Pygmy brocket (
4896:Dwarf brocket (
4853:
4820:
4796:
4763:
4739:
4702:
4642:
4591:
4567:
4534:
4508:Calamian deer (
4483:
4477:D. mesopotamica
4450:
4426:
4420:M. vuquangensis
4418:Giant muntjac (
4328:Fea's muntjac (
4281:
4275:
4257:
4245:
4229:
4160:
4118:
4081:
4039:M. chrysogaster
3990:
3982:Masai giraffe (
3939:
3902:
3865:
3851:
3813:
3806:
3769:. 3 July 2012.
3761:
3729:
3724:
3645:10.1038/422135a
3296:
3287:
3285:Further reading
3282:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3165:(1): eaao2314.
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3010:
3006:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2979:The Independent
2973:
2972:
2968:
2951:
2947:
2932:
2910:
2906:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2805:on 29 July 2011
2793:
2792:
2788:
2773:10.2307/2404596
2749:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2626:
2622:
2599:
2584:
2573:
2569:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2532:
2528:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2408:on 4 March 2016
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2278:
2274:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2223:
2219:
2182:(22): 4863–75.
2171:
2160:
2156:
2121:
2117:
2086:
2082:
2053:(28): 329–347.
2042:
2028:
2024:
2003:(1–4): 209–34.
1993:
1989:
1973:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1938:
1934:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1820:
1811:
1796:
1765:
1758:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1659:Arid Ecosystems
1655:
1651:
1643:
1629:10.2307/3503906
1614:
1604:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1554:
1539:
1534:
1518:
1502:
1496:in early 2017.
1437:ruminal tympany
1422:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1359:rhinoceros horn
1355:Cornu Antelopis
1348:
1297:
1281:S. t. mongolica
1277:
1275:Mongolian saiga
1189:
1148:
1086:
1055:
1053:Characteristics
1023:S. binagadensis
984:
979:
970:
946:
937:
928:
882:
873:
823:
666:Mongolian saiga
659:S. t. mongolica
627:Systema Naturae
623:in 1766 in the
614:scientific name
610:
602:S. t. mongolica
549:Eurasian steppe
508:
504:
493:
433:
432:
414:S. t. mongolica
391:S. t. mongolica
373:
366:
360:
347:
327:
228:
220:
203:
194:Near Threatened
192:
188:
181:
128:
126:
125:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
55:
54:
51:
43:
40:Saiga (surname)
28:
23:
22:
18:Saiga antelopes
15:
12:
11:
5:
8692:
8682:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8634:True antelopes
8631:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8610:
8597:
8584:
8571:
8555:
8553:
8551:Capra tatarica
8547:
8546:
8544:
8543:
8530:
8517:
8504:
8491:
8478:
8465:
8452:
8439:
8426:
8413:
8400:
8387:
8374:
8365:Fauna Europaea
8361:
8348:
8335:
8331:saiga-tatarica
8322:
8309:
8296:
8292:saiga-tatarica
8283:
8279:Saiga_tatarica
8270:
8265:Saiga tatarica
8255:
8239:
8237:
8235:Saiga tatarica
8231:
8230:
8216:
8215:
8212:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8205:
8204:
8197:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8177:C. liberiensis
8171:
8169:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8151:Hippopotamus (
8147:
8145:
8134:
8132:Hippopotamidae
8124:
8123:
8110:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8085:
8081:C. dromedarius
8076:
8066:
8064:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8052:
8043:
8034:
8025:
8015:
8013:
8002:
7992:
7991:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7952:
7950:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7928:
7926:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7904:
7902:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7868:
7864:S. timoriensis
7859:
7850:
7841:
7832:
7823:
7817:Domestic pig (
7814:
7805:
7796:
7787:
7777:
7775:
7767:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7720:
7718:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7697:
7693:P. aethiopicus
7687:
7685:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7663:
7661:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7645:B. togeanensis
7640:
7631:
7621:
7619:
7608:
7598:
7597:
7584:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7558:
7556:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7535:
7526:
7516:
7514:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7496:Zebra duiker (
7493:
7484:
7475:
7471:C. silvicultor
7466:
7457:
7448:
7439:
7430:
7424:Black duiker (
7421:
7412:
7408:C. leucogaster
7403:
7394:
7385:
7376:
7367:
7358:
7349:
7339:
7337:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7303:
7297:Cape grysbok (
7294:
7284:
7282:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7260:
7258:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7240:Klipspringer (
7236:
7234:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7213:
7204:
7194:
7192:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7171:
7167:M. piacentinii
7162:
7153:
7143:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7119:
7117:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7056:
7045:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7029:P. przewalskii
7024:
7015:
7005:
7003:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6982:
6973:
6964:
6955:
6949:Dama gazelle (
6945:
6943:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6921:
6919:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6898:
6889:
6883:Rhim gazelle (
6880:
6871:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6834:
6832:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6811:
6802:
6793:
6783:
6781:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6759:
6757:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6741:A. marsupialis
6735:
6733:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6698:
6688:
6687:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6645:Common eland (
6642:
6632:
6630:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6609:
6603:Greater kudu (
6600:
6591:
6582:
6573:
6564:
6555:
6545:
6543:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6449:
6440:
6431:
6422:
6416:Domestic yak (
6413:
6404:
6395:
6386:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6344:
6340:B. mindorensis
6335:
6329:Lowland anoa (
6326:
6317:
6307:
6305:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6233:
6223:
6222:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6181:
6171:
6169:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6124:
6115:
6106:
6097:
6088:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6049:Nilgiri tahr (
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6021:
6019:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5946:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5902:Taiwan serow (
5899:
5890:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5848:
5839:
5833:Iberian ibex (
5830:
5821:
5812:
5803:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5766:
5764:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5722:Arabian tahr (
5718:
5716:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5680:
5679:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5597:
5595:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5561:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5527:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5468:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5433:
5431:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5360:
5356:R. fulvorufula
5351:
5341:
5339:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5318:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5281:
5279:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5242:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5224:Arabian oryx (
5221:
5212:
5203:
5193:
5191:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5147:
5137:
5136:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5101:O. virginianus
5096:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5020:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:O. bezoarticus
4961:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4929:
4920:
4911:
4907:M. gouazoubira
4905:Gray brocket (
4902:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4673:
4664:
4660:C. albirostris
4654:
4652:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:E. cephalophus
4438:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4373:Leaf muntjac (
4370:
4366:M. puhoatensis
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4293:
4283:
4282:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4223:T. williamsoni
4218:
4209:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4149:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:M. moschiferus
4070:
4066:M. leucogaster
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4030:M. berezovskii
4025:
4015:
4013:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3961:
3951:
3949:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3877:
3875:Antilocapridae
3867:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3847:Laurasiatheria
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3735:
3728:
3727:External links
3725:
3723:
3722:
3710:(4): 340–345.
3695:
3666:
3623:
3597:(1): 149–162.
3586:
3568:(2): 244–254.
3556:
3532:Saiga tatarica
3525:
3496:
3452:
3422:
3396:(4): 355–363.
3385:
3356:
3338:(4): 663–675.
3327:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3268:. Zootierliste
3257:
3228:
3202:
3144:
3119:
3090:
3064:
3052:
3023:
3004:
3001:. 27 May 2015.
2984:
2966:
2945:
2930:
2904:
2891:(4): 340–345.
2871:
2846:
2816:
2786:
2743:
2718:
2706:
2691:
2678:978-2831705941
2677:
2657:
2643:
2620:
2582:
2567:
2552:
2526:
2495:Saiga tatarica
2485:
2471:
2445:
2419:
2393:
2371:
2345:
2331:
2320:on 22 May 2013
2305:
2298:
2272:
2246:
2239:
2217:
2167:Saiga tatarica
2154:
2115:
2080:
2038:Saiga tatarica
2034:Saiga borealis
2022:
1987:
1969:Saiga tatarica
1957:
1950:
1932:
1880:
1873:
1855:Schaller, G.B.
1846:
1839:
1809:
1794:
1774:Saiga tatarica
1756:
1745:Capra tatarica
1730:
1719:on 30 May 2008
1703:Saiga tatarica
1692:
1649:
1610:Saiga tatarica
1585:
1560:Saiga tatarica
1536:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1517:
1514:
1501:
1498:
1453:United Nations
1430:pasteurellosis
1421:
1418:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1347:
1344:
1309:St. Petersburg
1296:
1293:
1276:
1273:
1244:cave paintings
1188:
1185:
1167:pasteurellosis
1147:
1144:
1085:
1082:
1054:
1051:
1042:mammoth steppe
983:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
967:
966:
963:
962:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
898:
893:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
879:
878:
875:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
839:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
816:
815:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
733:formed by the
677:
676:
673:Saiga borealis
662:Bannikov, 1946
656:
650:S. t. tatarica
632:Saiga tatarica
619:was coined by
617:Capra tatarica
609:
606:
577:S. t. tatarica
569:mammoth steppe
532:Saiga tatarica
501:saiga antelope
495:
494:
492:
491:
480:
469:
461:
456:Capra tatarica
453:
445:
437:Antilope saiga
430:
429:
428:
425:
424:
418:
417:
405:
404:
396:
395:
394:
393:
388:
386:S. t. tatarica
380:
379:
375:
374:
367:
362:Saiga tatarica
356:
355:
349:
348:
341:
339:
335:
334:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
222:
221:
208:
205:
204:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
170:Kakhovka Raion
161:
160:
152:
151:
142:A male at the
139:
138:
130:
129:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
52:
50:Saiga antelope
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8691:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8607:
8602:
8598:
8594:
8589:
8585:
8581:
8576:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8540:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8496:
8492:
8488:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8470:
8466:
8462:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8405:
8401:
8397:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8275:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8223:
8203:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8180:
8178:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8154:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8115:
8111:
8093:
8091:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8077:
8075:
8073:
8072:C. bactrianus
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8062:
8057:
8051:
8049:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7983:
7979:
7961:
7959:
7954:
7953:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7937:
7935:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7913:
7911:
7906:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7876:
7874:
7873:S. verrucosus
7869:
7867:
7865:
7860:
7858:
7856:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7819:S. domesticus
7815:
7813:
7811:
7810:S. celebensis
7806:
7804:
7802:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7762:
7760:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7740:
7739:Potamochoerus
7735:
7729:
7727:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7678:
7672:
7670:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7648:
7646:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7636:B. celebensis
7632:
7630:
7628:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7589:
7585:
7567:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7523:
7520:Blue duiker (
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7435:C. nigrifrons
7431:
7429:
7427:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7417:C. natalensis
7413:
7411:
7409:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7363:C. callipygus
7359:
7357:
7355:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7311:
7309:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7290:R. campestris
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7269:
7267:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7245:
7243:
7242:O. oreotragus
7238:
7237:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7221:
7219:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7179:
7177:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7126:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7101:
7091:
7089:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7067:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7030:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7016:
7014:
7012:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6885:G. leptoceros
6881:
6879:
6877:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6789:E. albonotata
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6765:A. cervicapra
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6726:
6720:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6683:
6679:
6672:
6668:
6650:
6648:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6636:Giant eland (
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6617:
6615:
6614:T. sylvaticus
6610:
6608:
6606:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6576:Lesser kudu (
6574:
6572:
6570:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6538:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6505:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6455:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6391:B. domesticus
6389:Bali cattle (
6387:
6385:
6383:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6261:
6255:
6253:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6203:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6093:O. canadensis
6089:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6040:Nilgiritragus
6036:
6030:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6004:
6003:O. americanus
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5928:H. jemlahicus
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5824:Nubian ibex (
5822:
5820:
5818:
5815:Alpine ibex (
5813:
5811:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5660:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:Pantholopinae
5579:
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5533:A. buselaphus
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5437:Grey rhebok (
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5381:Aepycerotinae
5378:
5368:
5366:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5312:Nile lechwe (
5310:
5308:
5306:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5253:
5251:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:Hippotraginae
5142:
5138:
5133:
5126:
5122:
5104:
5102:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4991:B. dichotomus
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4965:Pampas deer (
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4925:M. nemorivaga
4921:
4919:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4869:Red brocket (
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4838:H. antisensis
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4678:C. canadensis
4674:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4627:R. timorensis
4623:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4585:E. davidianus
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4552:R. duvaucelii
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4517:Bawean deer (
4515:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4442:Tufted deer (
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:M. putaoensis
4371:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4321:M. crinifrons
4317:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4268:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4214:T. versicolor
4210:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4021:M. anhuiensis
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3975:G. reticulata
3971:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:Human Ecology
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3638:(6928): 135.
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3267:
3261:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3062:; 29 May 2015
3061:
3056:
3040:
3039:Informburo.kz
3036:
3030:
3028:
3020:. Worldviews.
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2931:9783319010168
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:Mammal Review
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2556:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2381:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2335:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1905:(2): 484–93.
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:keep saigas.
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:and Canada's
1214:
1210:
1209:Bering Strait
1206:
1202:
1201:British Isles
1198:
1195:. During the
1194:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1156:IUCN Red List
1153:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1136:golden eagles
1133:
1132:steppe eagles
1129:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
988:
974:
973:
965:
964:
961:
960:
954:
953:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
923:
922:
919:
918:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
897:
896:
890:
889:
886:
885:
877:
876:
868:
867:
864:
863:
862:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
845:
838:
837:
831:
830:
827:
826:
818:
817:
814:
813:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
797:
790:
789:
783:
782:
776:
775:
769:
768:
762:
761:
755:
754:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:mitochondrial
716:
712:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
674:
671:
667:
660:
657:
651:
648:
647:
646:
644:
640:
637:
633:
629:
628:
622:
621:Carl Linnaeus
618:
615:
605:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:which during
542:
538:
534:
533:
526:
502:
488:
484:
483:Ibex imberbis
481:
477:
473:
470:
465:
462:
457:
454:
449:
446:
442:
438:
435:
434:
426:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
381:
376:
371:
365:
363:
357:
354:
353:Binomial name
350:
346:
345:
340:
337:
336:
331:
326:
325:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
232:
227:
223:
217:
211:
206:
200:
195:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
131:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8649:Desert fauna
8644:EDGE species
8550:
8234:
8176:
8164:
8153:H. amphibius
8152:
8142:Hippopotamus
8140:
8120:Whippomorpha
8089:
8080:
8071:
8059:
8047:
8038:
8029:
8020:
8008:
7957:
7945:
7933:
7921:
7909:
7897:
7872:
7863:
7854:
7845:
7836:
7827:
7818:
7809:
7801:S. cebifrons
7800:
7791:
7782:
7770:
7758:
7749:
7737:
7725:
7713:
7702:P. africanus
7701:
7692:
7682:Phacochoerus
7680:
7668:
7656:
7644:
7635:
7627:B. babyrussa
7626:
7614:
7563:
7551:
7539:
7531:P. maxwellii
7530:
7522:P. monticola
7521:
7509:
7497:
7488:
7479:
7470:
7462:C. rufilatus
7461:
7452:
7443:
7434:
7425:
7416:
7407:
7398:
7389:
7380:
7379:Bay duiker (
7372:C. crusalbum
7371:
7362:
7353:
7344:
7332:
7324:Cephalophini
7307:
7299:R. melanotis
7298:
7289:
7277:
7265:
7253:
7241:
7229:
7217:
7209:N. moschatus
7208:
7199:
7187:
7175:
7166:
7157:
7149:M. guentheri
7148:
7136:
7125:D. megalotis
7124:
7112:
7087:
7085:
7076:
7075:
7064:P. hodgsonii
7063:
7051:
7028:
7019:
7011:P. gutturosa
7010:
6998:
6986:
6977:
6968:
6959:
6950:
6938:
6926:
6914:
6902:
6893:
6884:
6875:
6867:G. erlangeri
6866:
6857:
6848:
6840:G. bennettii
6839:
6827:
6815:
6807:E. thomsonii
6806:
6798:E. rufifrons
6797:
6788:
6776:
6764:
6752:
6740:
6728:
6716:
6704:
6646:
6638:T. derbianus
6637:
6625:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6577:
6569:T. eurycerus
6568:
6559:
6550:
6526:
6518:Tragelaphini
6501:
6489:
6477:
6465:
6453:
6444:
6436:B. javanicus
6435:
6426:
6418:B. grunniens
6417:
6408:
6400:B. frontalis
6399:
6390:
6381:
6372:
6360:
6348:
6339:
6330:
6321:
6312:
6300:
6275:
6263:
6251:
6239:
6186:R. rupicapra
6185:
6177:R. pyrenaica
6176:
6164:
6152:
6140:
6128:
6119:
6118:Snow sheep (
6110:
6101:
6100:Dall sheep (
6092:
6083:
6074:
6062:
6051:N. hylocrius
6050:
6038:
6027:O. moschatus
6026:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5969:
5960:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5915:
5903:
5894:
5885:
5876:
5864:
5852:
5851:Walia ibex (
5843:
5835:C. pyrenaica
5834:
5825:
5816:
5807:
5799:C. falconeri
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5759:
5748:B. taxicolor
5747:
5735:
5723:
5711:
5699:
5687:
5603:P. hodgsonii
5602:
5590:
5565:
5556:
5546:Connochaetes
5544:
5532:
5531:Hartebeest (
5520:
5508:
5499:
5487:
5475:
5463:
5455:Alcelaphinae
5439:P. capreolus
5438:
5426:
5401:
5389:
5364:
5355:
5347:R. arundinum
5346:
5334:
5322:
5314:K. megaceros
5313:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5274:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5216:
5207:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5165:
5153:
5100:
5091:
5082:
5070:
5058:
5049:
5036:
5024:
5014:
5002:
4990:
4989:Marsh deer (
4978:
4966:
4954:
4942:
4933:
4924:
4915:
4906:
4897:
4888:
4879:
4871:M. americana
4870:
4858:
4846:
4837:
4827:Hippocamelus
4825:
4813:
4801:
4789:
4781:C. capreolus
4780:
4768:
4756:
4755:Water deer (
4744:
4732:
4720:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4626:
4618:R. mariannus
4617:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4559:Eld's deer (
4551:
4550:Barasingha (
4539:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4411:M. vaginalis
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4312:M. atherodes
4311:
4299:
4222:
4213:
4205:T. nigricans
4204:
4195:
4186:
4178:T. javanicus
4177:
4165:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4123:
4112:H. aquaticus
4111:
4099:
4074:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4008:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3944:
3933:O. johnstoni
3932:
3920:
3896:A. americana
3895:
3883:
3845:Superorder:
3839:Infraclass:
3810:Artiodactyla
3766:
3707:
3703:
3674:
3670:
3635:
3631:
3594:
3590:
3565:
3561:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3504:
3500:
3464:
3460:
3431:
3427:
3393:
3389:
3364:
3360:
3335:
3331:
3307:(1): 35–46.
3304:
3300:
3270:. Retrieved
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3238:
3231:
3219:. Retrieved
3205:
3162:
3158:
3147:
3135:. Retrieved
3131:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3106:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3038:
3017:
3007:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:The Atlantic
2958:
2948:
2913:
2907:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2858:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2833:the original
2828:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2798:
2789:
2759:(1): 25–39.
2756:
2752:
2746:
2734:. Retrieved
2730:
2721:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2667:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2633:
2623:
2606:
2602:
2576:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:
2529:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:the original
2308:
2283:
2275:
2267:The Guardian
2266:
2228:
2220:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1960:
1941:
1935:
1902:
1896:
1859:
1849:
1830:
1784:
1780:Wilson, D.E.
1773:
1750:
1744:
1739:Linnaeus, C.
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:the original
1708:
1702:
1695:
1665:(2): 57–64.
1662:
1658:
1652:
1641:the original
1618:
1609:
1576:. Retrieved
1571:
1565:
1559:
1526:Askania-Nova
1519:
1516:In captivity
1503:
1500:Conservation
1491:
1488:
1481:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1434:
1423:
1402:
1388:
1379:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1336:
1325:
1280:
1278:
1261:
1248:
1237:
1232:
1205:Central Asia
1190:
1187:Former range
1160:
1149:
1117:
1087:
1078:
1060:
1056:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:(nearly 0.1
1000:
958:
957:
915:
900:
859:
858:
842:
841:
810:
794:
793:
746:
738:
701:
693:phylogenetic
678:
672:
658:
649:
638:
631:
626:
616:
611:
601:
576:
536:
531:
530:
500:
498:
487:S. G. Gmelin
482:
471:
463:
455:
447:
436:
413:
412:(green) and
409:
390:
385:
361:
359:
343:
342:
323:
322:
283:Artiodactyla
44:
8404:iNaturalist
8259:Wikispecies
8030:L. guanicoe
7889:Tayassuidae
7853:Wild boar (
7792:S. barbatus
7750:P. larvatus
7726:P. salvania
7724:Pygmy hog (
7658:Hylochoerus
7511:Philantomba
7399:C. jentinki
7381:C. dorsalis
7334:Cephalophus
7218:N. pygmaeus
7176:M. saltiana
7114:Dorcatragus
7088:S. tatarica
6978:N. petersii
6916:Litocranius
6816:E. tilonura
6763:Blackbuck (
6739:Springbok (
6682:Antilopinae
6680:(subfamily
6627:Taurotragus
6594:Sitatunga (
6587:T. scriptus
6578:T. imberbis
6535:(including
6528:Tragelaphus
6349:B. quarlesi
6231:Boselaphini
6215:(subfamily
6120:O. nivicola
5961:N. caudatus
5950:Red goral (
5941:Naemorhedus
5904:C. swinhoei
5884:Red serow (
5866:Capricornis
5844:C. sibirica
5781:C. caucasia
5772:C. aegagrus
5770:Wild goat (
5724:A. jayakari
5713:Arabitragus
5672:(subfamily
5643:Antilopinae
5566:C. taurinus
5509:D. pygargus
5402:A. melampus
5323:K. vardonii
5285:Waterbuck (
5226:O. leucoryx
5155:Hippotragus
5083:O. hemionus
5081:Mule deer (
4980:Blastocerus
4889:M. bricenii
4847:H. bisulcus
4814:R. tarandus
4790:C. pygargus
4712:Capreolinae
4694:Sika deer (
4636:R. unicolor
4625:Rusa deer (
4528:A. porcinus
4348:M. montanus
4145:M. kathygre
3894:Pronghorn (
3885:Antilocapra
3740:media from
3544:: 103–107.
3272:28 November
3250:19 December
3215:ProMED-mail
2809:19 December
2684:19 December
2650:19 December
2609:(1): 1–52.
2545:19 December
2507:: 357–362.
2364:19 December
2324:19 December
2135:: 150–161.
1984:(1): 74–80.
1723:19 December
1623:(38): 1–4.
1578:11 December
1494:goat plague
1256:Ural Rivers
1171:Betpak-Dala
1163:Ural region
1090:semideserts
1015:S. borealis
1003:Pleistocene
670:Pleistocene
597:Betpak-Dala
565:Pleistocene
478:, 1816
472:Cemas colus
464:Capra sayga
443:, 1766
378:Subspecies
303:Antilopinae
299:Subfamily:
212:Appendix II
8623:Categories
8566:Q122271287
8166:Choeropsis
8048:L. vicugna
7934:C. wagneri
7837:S. oliveri
7828:S. heureni
7564:S. grimmia
7553:Sylvicapra
7540:P. walteri
7453:C. rubidis
7444:C. ogilbyi
7390:C. harveyi
7354:C. brookei
7308:R. sharpei
7288:Steenbok (
7279:Raphicerus
7231:Oreotragus
7104:Neotragini
7053:Pantholops
6969:N. notatus
6927:L. walleri
6876:G. gazella
6849:G. cuvieri
6838:Chinkara (
6730:Antidorcas
6717:A. clarkei
6706:Ammodorcas
6696:Antilopini
6596:T. spekeii
6560:T. buxtoni
6551:T. angasii
6443:Wild yak (
6427:B. indicus
6382:B. bonasus
6322:B. bubalis
6265:Boselaphus
6241:Tetracerus
6111:O. gmelini
5979:N. griseus
5952:N. baileyi
5917:Hemitragus
5886:C. rubidus
5877:C. crispus
5826:C. nubiana
5689:Ammotragus
5592:Pantholops
5522:Alcelaphus
5507:Bontebok (
5500:D. lunatus
5489:Damaliscus
5476:B. hunteri
5365:R. redunca
5266:Reduncinae
5217:O. gazella
5166:H. equinus
5092:O. pandora
5072:Odocoileus
4956:Ozotoceros
4812:Reindeer (
4757:H. inermis
4746:Hydropotes
4669:C. elaphus
4667:Red deer (
4609:R. alfredi
4526:Hog deer (
4384:M. reevesi
4357:M. muntjak
4187:T. kanchil
4154:M. meminna
4101:Hyemoschus
4091:Tragulidae
4048:M. cupreus
3966:G. giraffa
3912:Giraffidae
3863:Ruminantia
3677:: 87–110.
3083:3 February
1971:on Mendip"
1823:Groves, C.
1532:References
1522:Almaty Zoo
1322:government
1269:rhinoceros
1105:Kazakhstan
741:) and the
711:Antilopini
643:subspecies
172:, Ukraine
8118:Suborder
8028:Guanaco (
8000:Camelidae
7986:Suborder
7958:D. tajacu
7947:Dicotyles
7923:Catagonus
7910:T. pecari
7855:S. scrofa
7759:P. porcus
7748:Bushpig (
7616:Babyrousa
7592:Suborder
7489:C. weynsi
7480:C. spadix
7345:C. adersi
7266:O. ourebi
7200:N. batesi
7189:Neotragus
7158:M. kirkii
6960:N. granti
6925:Gerenuk (
6894:G. spekei
6858:G. dorcas
6715:Dibatag (
6502:S. caffer
6467:Pseudoryx
6454:B. taurus
6434:Banteng (
6409:B. gaurus
6338:Tamaraw (
6184:Chamois (
6166:Rupicapra
6153:P. nayaur
6129:O. vignei
6109:Mouflon (
5808:C. hircus
5797:Markhor (
5700:A. lervia
5465:Beatragus
5391:Aepyceros
5215:Gemsbok (
5208:O. dammah
5050:P. carlae
4943:M. temama
4934:M. rufina
4898:M. chunyi
4880:M. bororo
4770:Capreolus
4696:C. nippon
4687:C. hanglu
4574:Elaphurus
4519:A. kuhlii
4433:Elaphodus
4301:Muntiacus
4136:M. indica
4125:Moschiola
4057:M. fuscus
4000:Moschidae
3861:Suborder
3821:Kingdom:
2829:Supercook
2629:Ellis, R.
2540:Geography
2212:205363165
2096:: 270–8.
2075:131699605
1827:Grubb, P.
1772:"Species
1768:Grubb, P.
1477:bacterium
1449:sainfoins
1426:epizootic
1405:ungulates
1320:Hong Kong
1019:S. prisca
992:taxidermy
982:Evolution
902:Springbok
812:Blackbuck
735:springbok
704:phylogeny
561:Dzungaria
545:antiquity
338:Species:
249:Kingdom:
243:Eukaryota
150:, Russia
8560:Wikidata
8534:Species+
8474:14200666
8422:11113630
8244:Wikidata
8090:C. ferus
8046:Vicuña (
8039:L. pacos
8037:Alpaca (
8021:L. glama
7988:Tylopoda
7498:C. zebra
7426:C. niger
7000:Procapra
6778:Eudorcas
6754:Antilope
6491:Syncerus
6452:Cattle (
6445:B. mutus
6373:B. bison
6313:B. arnee
6274:Nilgai (
6151:Bharal (
6142:Pseudois
6102:O. dalli
6084:O. aries
6075:O. ammon
6073:Argali (
6025:Muskox (
5992:Oreamnos
5970:N. goral
5853:C. walie
5737:Budorcas
5674:Caprinae
5619:Caprinae
5474:Hirola (
5418:Peleinae
5400:Impala (
5305:K. leche
5303:Lechwe (
5199:O. beisa
5175:H. niger
4836:Taruca (
4803:Rangifer
4733:A. alces
4634:Sambar (
4561:R. eldii
4541:Rucervus
4499:Chital (
4291:Cervinae
4278:Cervidae
4239:Cervidae
4167:Tragulus
3841:Eutheria
3835:Mammalia
3829:Chordata
3827:Phylum:
3823:Animalia
3771:Archived
3691:67810286
3654:12634775
3619:22806238
3611:15827221
3491:17341456
3418:86008409
3352:83904273
3197:29376120
3137:19 April
2940:55229757
2859:lenta.ru
2631:(2004).
2459:BBC News
2438:19 April
2412:5 August
2358:BBC News
2204:20874761
1927:23485920
1857:(1998).
1829:(2011).
1804:62265494
1770:(2005).
1741:(1766).
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