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1363:, took over the new commercial networks of the interior, marginalizing the Métis traders in the process. Saint-Louis nonetheless maintained its status as capital of the Colony of Senegal even after Dakar assumed the role of capital of the French West Africa federation. The colonial institutions set up in the city in the 19th century, such as the Muslim Tribunal and the School for Chiefs' Sons, were to play important roles in the history of French Africa. Though relatively small in size (population of 10,000 in 1826; 23,000 in 1914, and 39,000 in 1955) Saint-Louis dominated Senegalese politics throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, not least because of its numerous political parties and associations and its independent newspapers.
1285:", or bourgeois women entrepreneurs, grew up in Saint-Louis during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Métis were important to the economic, social, cultural and political life of the city. They created a distinctive urban culture characterized by public displays of elegance, refined entertainment and popular festivities. They controlled most of the up-country river trade and they financed the principal Catholic institutions. A Métis mayor was first designated by the Governor in 1778. Civic franchise was further consolidated in 1872, when Saint-Louis became a French "commune".
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Saint-Louis' characteristic colonial architecture along with its regular town plan, its location on an island at the mouth of the
Senegal River and the system of quays, gives Saint-Louis the distinctive appearance and identity that have raised the Island to the rank of world heritage since 2000. The
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Following independence, when Dakar became sole capital of the country, Saint-Louis slipped into a state of lethargy. As its French population and military departed, many of the town's shops, offices and businesses closed. The loss of jobs, human potential, and investment caused its economic decline.
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Saint Louis is famous for its urban culture. The heritage of the signares lives on in the city's many festivals and its cultivated sense of public display, and it is helping Saint-Louis emerge from decades of neglect. "Fanals", which are night-time processions of giant paper lanterns, take place at
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Between 2016 and 2017, Saint-Louis experienced a large decline in the catch of fish brought in, causing ripple effects on nutrition and food supply in the country, where 75% of animal protein comes from fish. Fisherman from the community spend twice as much time for catching smaller hauls, and are
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Beyond tourism, Saint-Louis is also a commercial and an industrial centre for sugar production. Its other economic activities are fishing, irrigated alluvial agriculture, pastoral farming, trading and exportation of peanut skins. It is important to note that each of these economic activities is
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prompted the removal of the fort to the island known to locals as Ndar in 1659. The island was uninhabited at the time, supposedly because the local people believed it to be haunted by spirits. The Diagne of Sor, the local leader, permitted French settlement on the island for annual payments of
1337:, who became the Governor of the Colony of Senegal in 1854, contributed greatly to the development and modernization of Saint Louis. His large-scale projects included the building of bridges, provisioning of fresh drinking water, and the construction of an overland telegraph line to
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The world's third largest ornithological park, it is located 60 kilometers north of Saint-Louis. This park occupies over 120 km and includes part of the river, and many lakes, basins, and marshes. About 3 million migrating birds of 400 species visit it each year.
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This park, which is 20 square kilometres large, occupies the southern point of the Langue de
Barbarie, the estuary of the Senegal river and part of the continent. It hosts thousands of water birds like cormorants, brushes, pink flamingos, pelicans, herons and ducks each year.
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live in the inland and practice pastoral farming. The Maures who are migrants from
Mauritania (Saint-Louis is less than 10 kilometres or 6 miles south of the border with Mauritania) are mostly merchants, traders and shopkeepers found everywhere in Saint Louis.
498:. The Langue de Barbarie is the location of the seaside neighborhoods Ndar Toute and Guet Ndar. On the mainland, the east bank of the river is the site of Sor, an older settlement now considered a suburb of Saint-Louis. It is nearly surrounded by
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and a failed 2004 river and tidal canal project as the cause. According to a
Senegalese government study, up to 80% of the city could be at risk of flooding by 2080. As of 2020, the coast of the community has eroded by 1–2 meters a year.
1372:
The loss of its past status meant less recognition and lack of interest from the colony's officials and, after
Senegal's independence, from the Senegalese government. When its most famous political son, the French-educated lawyer
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The Island of Saint-Louis, a former capital of West Africa, is an outstanding example of a colonial city, characterized by its particular natural setting, and it illustrates the development of colonial government in this region.
355:
is expected to threaten the city center and potential damage historical parts of the city; According to a
Senegalese government study, up to 80% of the city could be at risk of flooding by 2080. Moreover, other issues such as
343:, but it is less important now. However, it still has important industries, including tourism, a commercial center, a center of sugar production, and fishing. The tourism industry is in part due to the city being listed as a
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Saint-Louis' Research Center and
Documentation Museum of Senegal offers interesting panoramas of Senegal's history and ethnic movements over the years, expositions of traditional clothes and musical instruments, etc.
1319:
and other
Hassani tribal states, which disrupted the flow of gum. Nevertheless, with the removal of trade restrictions in 1848 and in 1853, exports soared. When war again broke out in 1854, the Arab Emirs forbade the
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Saint Louis has economically declined since the transfer of the capital to Dakar, but has remained an important tourist and trading center. The city's economy, though not entirely recovered, is gradually reviving.
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The
Festival Métissons, held for the first time in 2010, is a grassroots music festival organized by local communities and small businesses. Every edition sports international, national and local musical talent.
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The historic town of Saint-Louis exhibits an important exchange of values and influences on the development of education and culture, architecture, craftsmanship, and services in a large part of West Africa.
561:). It only has two seasons, the rainy season from June to October, characterized by heat, humidity and storms, and the dry season from November to May, characterized by cool ocean breeze and dust from the
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assured by a particular ethnic group. The Wolofs and Lebous who are the main inhabitants of Saint-Louis are mostly fishermen that live in fishing communities like Guet-Ndar on the Langue de
Barbarie. The
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in 2000 and cultural tourism has become an engine of growth. As a result, a process of gentrification has set in, with many historic buildings on the island being turned into restaurants and hotels.
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now threaten the low-lying islands which make up the city. An ill-fated 2003 canal project exacerbated flooding issues, leading to submerged neighborhoods. In June 2008, Alioune Badiane of the
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in 1758. In February 1779, French forces recaptured Saint-Louis. In the late 18th century, Saint-Louis had about 5,000 inhabitants, not counting an indeterminate number of slaves in transit.
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The heart of the old colonial city is located on a narrow island a little more than 2 km (1.2 mi) long but only about 400 m (1,300 ft) wide. The island lies in the
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The annual reggata, or pirogue race organized by teams of fishermen from Guet-Ndar, takes place on the "little branch" of the river, between Ndar Island and the Langue de Barbarie.
1482:. Thanks to its distinctive appearance, numerous sites of attraction and its international music festivals and cultural exhibitions, Saint-Louis attracts many tourists each year.
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Part of the Sahel, a transitional desertic band that separates " the dunes of the Sahara from the baobabs of the savanna", Saint-Louis' landscape is characterized by occasional
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The marshes are flood basins that form during the rainy season when the river overflows into the countryside, creating ponds and stretches of mangroves that attract birds like
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Culture constitutes an important part of Saint-Louis' economy. The city preserves much of its 19th-century morphology, reminiscent of other cities of the "Creole Atlantic":
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Located at a dozen kilometers south of the city of Saint-Louis, this reserve has an area of 7 square kilometres and shelters birds and endangered species such as the
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a small force of French Marines defended the town from a large Trarza force. With the French victory in 1858, they were able to set the terms of trade on the river.
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Saint-Louis's fortunes began to wane as those of Dakar waxed. Access to its port became increasingly awkward in the age of the steamship and the completion of the
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French view of the fort at Saint-Louis island, from "L'Afrique ou histoire, moeurs, usages et coutumes des Africains", by René Claude Geoffroy de Villeneuve, 1814.
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popularized jazz bands and by the 1950s local groups had adopted a "Cuban" sound. Another music festival, 1, 2, 3 musiques, exhibits various genres of music.
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J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2573-2575
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from 1819 to 1830, but this failed. At the same time, Saint Louis grew massively during this period in both population in commercial activity.
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The Saint-Louis Jazz Festival is the most important jazz festival in Africa. Jazz first became popular in the 1930s when records produced in
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1991:
1308:, and returned to France in 1817. Facing a near-total dependence on gum, the French authorities tried to promote plantation agriculture in
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replaced it as the major economic engine of Saint Louis. Trade was increasingly concentrated in the lower river valley and the desert-side
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from 1895 until 1902, when the capital was moved to Dakar. From 1920 to 1957, it also served as the capital of the neighboring colony of
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1341:. Saint-Louis became capital of the federation of French West African colonies in 1895, but relinquished this role to Dakar in 1902.
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With a large influence over education in colonial times, Saint Louis is now a center of educational excellence. It is home to the
406:, the reigning king of France at the time of the island's settlement in 1659. It was originally known as Saint Louis of the Fort (
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that connects the island to the Langue de Barbarie and the Gaol and Servatius bridges that connect the island to the continent.
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328:. It had a population of 254,171 in 2023. Saint-Louis was the capital of the French colony of Senegal from 1673 until 1902 and
167:
1462:, many painted with names of Sufi leaders, jam the Saint-Louis wharf. Today they are used for fishing, transport, and tourism.
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Gaston Berger University, created in 1990, offers studies organized in a number of general education and research faculties.
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where are located the town's administrative offices, the Parc Faidherbe named for the French governor at the centre of town
1955:
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1560:'s (the founder of Mouridism) two prayers in the Governor's Palace in 1895, is the city's largest religious gathering.
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The Military Academy Charles Ntchorere, commonly known as the Prytanee Militaire of Saint Louis, was created in 1922.
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A Wolof settlement at what is now known as Guet Ndar dates from around 1450 and was a meeting and departure point for
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traders visited the area over the next two centuries but the first nearby colonial fortification was erected by the
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form of a Wolof name meaning "Little" or "Lesser Saint Louis". The neighborhood of Guet Ndar takes its name from a
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in 1885 meant that up-country trade effectively circumvented its port. Large French firms, many from the city of
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agency designated Saint-Louis as "the city most threatened by rising sea levels in the whole of Africa", citing
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Between 1659 and 1779, nine chartered companies succeeded one another in administering Saint-Louis. As in
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Aïdara, Abdoul Hadir (2005), Saint-Louis du Sénégal: d'hier à aujourd'hui, Grandvaux, Brinon-sur-Sauldre.
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2313:"Saint-Louis du Sénégal ! Bonnes adresses, petites annonces et infos pratiques. St-Louis Senegal"
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Saint-Louis remains the most characteristically French colonial destination in West Africa along with
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Island of Saint-Louis is inscribed on the World Heritage list on the basis of criteria ii and iv:
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Among Saint-Louis' numerous natural sites are the National Park of the Langue de Barbarie, the
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and has been borne by the island since before the French settlement. Ndar Tout or Toute is a
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1289:
1258:. Slaves, gold, hides, beeswax, ambergris and, later, gum arabic were exported. During the
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takes its name from the French for "Barbary Tongue", after an old name for the land of the
8:
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1785:
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2463:"Saint Louis Facts, information, pictures - Encyclopedia.com articles about Saint Louis"
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Desert frontier : ecological and economic change along the Western Sahel, 1600-1850
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Among interesting and attractive monuments and edifices are the Governor's Palace, the
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Negresse of quality from the Island of Saint Louis in Senegal, accompanied by her slave
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winds. A 2011 documentary described Saint-Louis as the African city most threatened by
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Diop, Cheikh (June 2017), "Restructuring in the Neighborhood of Guet Ndar-Senegal",
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486:. It is 25 km (16 mi) north of its mouth, but is only separated from the
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Three characteristics give Saint-Louis its distinctive geographic appearance: the
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as it had been previously. The city was again captured by the British during the
569:. Flooding is becoming worse, and by 2080 80% of the city will face flood risks.
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391:
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2188:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Saint-Louis"
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merchants from selling to the French, but this had little effect. In the 1855
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The fortification permitted its factory to command foreign trade along the
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2136:"Earth Reporters: My City and Your City - OpenLearn - Open University"
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Colonial Saint Louis c. 1900. Europeans and Africans on the Rue Lebon.
2666:). École française Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry. Retrieved on 3 May 2015.
2338:
1931:
1843:(born 1986), Senegalese visual concept developer and fashion designer
1694:, and various hunting lodges on the south side of the Senegal River.
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Throughout the 19th century, the French periodically warred with the
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1918:
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534:, over a stretch of 25 km (16 mi), separates the lower
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122:
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2388:"Overfished: In Senegal, empty nets lead to hunger and violence"
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542:, propagated to prevent soil erosion in sandy and salty soils.
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224:
2362:"Visit Africa's Largest Jazz Festival in Saint-Louis, Senegal"
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1405:
Rising sea levels, as well as water levels flowing out of the
2731:
Saint-Louis du Sénégal, Ville de l'élégance et du raffinement
1913:
1879:
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1309:
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320:. Located in the northwest of Senegal, near the mouth of the
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Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes
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2725:
Le portail touristique et culturel de Saint-Louis du Senegal
2646:
2038:"Saint Louis and Segou (Sikoro): Broad Historical Sketches"
1671:, the Fauna Reserve of Gueumbeul, beaches like that of the
1535:
1231:
1227:
1179:
538:
from the Atlantic Ocean. Its vegetation mainly consists of
2609:. prytanee.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2006
1754:, a French international school serving preschool through
2336:
2235:"Weatherbase: Historical Weather for St.-Louis, Senegal"
1970:
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The Magal of the Niari Rakas, a yearly commemoration of
1501:
Colonial architecture lines the streets of the old city.
2416:"Saint-Louis, Senegal: the challenge of sustainability"
1376:, died in 1968, the city lost its strongest proponent.
516:
and is disturbed by sand storms during the dry season.
2339:"Island of Saint-Louis - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
2280:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 29.
2692:
1675:, the colonial waterworks at Makhana, the palace of
2819:
2684:
Bibliography of the history of Saint-Louis, Senegal
414:) after its stronghold and to distinguish it from
2950:1659 establishments in the French colonial empire
2190:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2112:"PLANT FOR THE PLANET: THE BILLION TREE CAMPAIGN"
1788:, Abbé David Boilat, Daniel Brattier, the fathers
1758:(junior high school), is located in Saint-Louis.
479:, 100 km (62 mi) up the Senegal River.
360:are causing ripple effects in the local economy.
339:The town was an important economic center during
2896:
2386:Edwards, Meaghan Beatley and Sam (31 May 2018).
2259:, britannica.com, USA, accessed on June 23, 2019
2162:"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea"
1992:"The "Venice of Africa" is sinking into the sea"
1766:Saint Louis has been the birthplace or home of:
1645:Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Louis du Sénégal
2214:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1973:Saint-Louis du Sénégal. Ville aux mille Visages
1607:, colonial-era hotels, the historic airport at
576:Climate data for St.-Louis (1991–2020 normals)
18:City and commune in Saint-Louis Region, Senegal
1567:Girls gather on a street in Saint-Louis, 2007.
2805:
1859:
1571:
475:, although the nearest border crossing is at
2492:
2441:"Africa - Senegal city is 'most threatened'"
1741:and The Military Academy Charles Ntchorere.
1402:now competing with foreign fishing vessels.
408:
2410:
2408:
2227:
2085:, vol. 4, Kambohwell, pp. 108–113
2812:
2798:
2551:"Découvrir le Sénégal, pays de la teranga"
2516:"Découvrir le Sénégal, pays de la teranga"
2180:
2083:International Journal of Engineering Works
1975:. Dakar: ed. Clairafrique. pp. 187 p.
1958:Population and area of Saint Louis Commune
1158:Costumes civils de tous les peuples connus
509:, the marshes and the Langue de Barbarie.
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2020:
2643:École française Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry
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2727:". Saint-Louis news and culture portal.
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2210:"Saint-Louis Climate Normals 1961-1990"
2100:http://www.sunugal.com/en/st-louis.html
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2017:
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1657:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
1210:, about 25 km (16 mi) away.
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1951:
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190:63.54 km (24.53 sq mi)
2940:Populated places established in 1659
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1986:
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1855:Senegalese Sprinter & Footballer
1669:National Park of the Birds of Djoudj
1618:
1379:Since 1993, the city has hosted the
1121:Source 1: NOAA (sunshine 1961–1990)
463:Saint-Louis is situated in northern
2920:Populated coastal places in Senegal
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398:. Obliquely, the name also honored
347:in 2000. However, the city is also
65:
13:
2379:
1944:
494:, a 300 m (980 ft) wide
14:
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2688:
2090:
1979:
1971:Brigaud Félix, Vast Jean (1987).
1961:
1300:, rather than further upriver in
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2711:Senegal's decaying city of charm
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1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
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1162:Jacques Grasset de Saint-Sauveur
1140:Timeline of Saint-Louis, Senegal
429:The local name Ndar or N'dar is
64:
57:
41:
2960:World Heritage Sites in Senegal
2677:
2652:
2635:
2534:
2477:
2433:
2353:
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2154:
1594:
1538:were aired on the radio. After
1393:Environmental issues in Senegal
1366:
2841:Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary
2774:Events in Saint-Louis, Senegal
2337:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
2128:
2104:
2051:
1521:Saint-Louis Photography Museum
1:
2945:1659 establishments in Africa
1938:
556:Köppen climate classification
416:other places of the same name
2925:Regional capitals in Senegal
2553:. Au Senegal. Archived from
2518:. Au Senegal. Archived from
1720:
448:
349:vulnerable to climate change
214:4,000/km (10,000/sq mi)
7:
2868:Stone Circles of Senegambia
2649:. Retrieved on May 3, 2015.
2502:
1776:Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké
1558:Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké
1144:
979:Average precipitation days
765:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
695:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10:
2976:
2858:Niokolo-Koba National Park
2735:Radio France International
2681:
2577:"Université Gaston Berger"
2392:Public Radio International
2138:. Open.edu. Archived from
2117:. Unep.org. Archived from
1860:Twin towns – sister cities
1572:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1518:
1492:
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1436:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1425:
1390:
1357:Dakar-Saint Louis railroad
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345:UNESCO World Heritage Site
245:UNESCO World Heritage Site
237:UNESCO World Heritage Site
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2627:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2315:. saintlouisdusenegal.com
2043:Dofo Kow: History Matters
1639:mosques. There are also
1434:The city was listed as a
1397:Climate change in Senegal
1381:Saint Louis Jazz Festival
1351:, the symbol of the city.
1292:after 1790, the trade in
1288:After the decline of the
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2443:. BBC News. 13 June 2008
1834:the French photographer
1752:Antoine-de-Saint-Exupéry
1739:Gaston Berger University
1731:Gaston Berger University
1715:African spurred tortoise
1383:, a major tourist draw.
365:
2721:saintlouisdusenegal.com
2660:Présentation de l'école
1836:François-Edmond Fortier
1329:Battle of Leybar Bridge
1126:Source 2: Weatherbase
2493:
2488:
1934:, United States (1994)
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1643:churches and temples:
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147:Saint-Louis Department
2785:festivalmetissons.com
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1611:on the mainland, the
1566:
1519:Further information:
1508:
1500:
1458:
1391:Further information:
1347:
1272:
1244:
1152:
456:
312:), is the capital of
255:Island of Saint-Louis
47:Island of Saint-Louis
2905:Saint-Louis, Senegal
2821:World Heritage Sites
2274:Webb, James (1995).
1750:The École française
1526:Events and festivals
1510:World War I Memorial
1387:Environmental issues
1290:Atlantic slave trade
1156:, Illustration from
625:Record high °C (°F)
445:word for "pasture".
211: • Density
2910:Communes of Senegal
2755: /
2557:on 21 December 2007
2522:on 21 December 2007
1786:Jean-Baptiste Labat
1781:Alfred-Amédée Dodds
1762:Notable inhabitants
835:Record low °C (°F)
490:to its west by the
99: /
2955:Saint-Louis Region
2935:French West Africa
2780:saintlouisjazz.com
2465:. Encyclopedia.com
2360:Holloway, Beetle.
2059:"Coins d'Histoire"
2046:, 12 February 2012
1735:
1729:The main tower at
1673:Langue de Barbarie
1635:are predominantly
1629:
1569:
1513:
1503:
1464:
1353:
1275:
1247:
1173:
1160:, Paris, 1788, by
552:hot desert climate
550:Saint-Louis has a
532:Langue de Barbarie
492:Langue de Barbarie
461:
458:Langue de Barbarie
420:Langue de Barbarie
341:French West Africa
330:French West Africa
318:Saint-Louis Region
252:Official name
135:Saint-Louis Region
2892:
2891:
2759:16.033°N 16.500°W
1956:Citypopulation.de
1812:Mbarick Fall aka
1771:El Hadj Malick Sy
1653:Assemblies of God
1633:places of worship
1619:Places of worship
1317:Emirate of Trarza
1262:, British forces
1218:"three pieces of
1130:
1129:
1028:relative humidity
567:rising sea levels
378:) is named after
295:
294:
103:16.033°N 16.500°W
2967:
2887:
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2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2587:on 23 April 2006
2583:. Archived from
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2341:. Whc.unesco.org
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2151:
2149:
2147:
2142:on 6 August 2019
2132:
2126:
2125:
2124:on 25 July 2010.
2123:
2116:
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2102:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2034:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1998:. 24 June 2024.
1988:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1916:
1908:, Belgium (1980)
1904:
1903:
1895:, Morocco (1979)
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1685:
1613:Faidherbe Bridge
1531:Christmas time.
1349:Faidherbe Bridge
1264:captured Senegal
1260:Seven Years' War
1250:Colonial capital
1170:
982:
573:
572:
412:
410:St-Louis-du-Fort
403:
383:
265:Cultural: ii, iv
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2764:16.033; -16.500
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2018:
2008:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1882:, France (1978)
1872:
1864:Saint-Louis is
1862:
1849:football player
1822:football player
1798:Louis Faidherbe
1764:
1723:
1679:
1665:
1649:Catholic Church
1621:
1605:Louis Faidherbe
1597:
1574:
1528:
1523:
1495:
1453:
1428:
1399:
1389:
1369:
1335:Louis Faidherbe
1306:Napoleonic Wars
1252:
1222:, a measure of
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980:
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2713:, Tidiane Sy,
2707:
2706:
2703:Senegal portal
2690:
2689:External links
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2168:. 24 June 2024
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2016:
1978:
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84:Coordinates:
82:
60:
51:
44:
39:
35:
29:
22:
16:
2863:Saloum Delta
2852:
2773:
2772:
2740:
2724:
2678:Bibliography
2654:
2637:
2611:. Retrieved
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2580:
2571:
2561:29 September
2559:. Retrieved
2555:the original
2545:
2536:
2526:29 September
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2510:
2479:
2469:29 September
2467:. Retrieved
2457:
2447:29 September
2445:. Retrieved
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2366:Culture Trip
2365:
2355:
2345:29 September
2343:. Retrieved
2317:. Retrieved
2311:CYBER PROD.
2291:. Retrieved
2276:
2255:Britannica,
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2140:the original
2130:
2119:the original
2106:
2082:
2063:
2053:
2042:
2007:. Retrieved
1995:
1972:
1863:
1847:Ismaïla Sarr
1807:Lamine Guèye
1794:, naturalist
1765:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1736:
1711:Patas monkey
1707:dama gazelle
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:Richard-Toll
1666:
1630:
1600:
1598:
1595:Architecture
1588:Criterion iv
1587:
1586:
1581:Criterion ii
1580:
1579:
1575:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1540:World War II
1533:
1529:
1514:
1484:
1465:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1404:
1400:
1378:
1374:Lamine Guèye
1370:
1367:Independence
1354:
1333:
1324:
1314:
1297:
1287:
1276:
1253:
1212:
1208:Bocos Island
1174:
1157:
1153:
909:mm (inches)
558:
549:
529:
518:
511:
504:
481:
462:
428:
407:
369:
362:
338:
301:
297:
296:
173:Mansour Faye
15:
2853:Saint-Louis
2762: /
2425:18 December
2319:11 February
2293:25 December
2257:Saint-Louis
2241:29 December
2219:29 December
2064:Ndar Ragne!
1826:BK VEF Rīga
1680: [
1677:Baron Roger
1609:Dakar-Bango
1601:Gouvernance
1542:, visiting
1480:New Orleans
1206:in 1638 on
1165: [
540:Filao trees
376:Saint-Louis
358:overfishing
302:Saint-Louis
298:Saint Louis
283:2000 (24th
280:Inscription
106: /
72:Saint-Louis
25:Saint-Louis
2899:Categories
2851:Island of
2845:Island of
2682:See also:
2607:"Archived"
2581:www.ugb.sn
2287:0299143309
2194:10 January
1939:References
1830:Bamba Fall
1415:UN-Habitat
1294:gum arabic
1236:eau de vie
1220:blue cloth
1192:Portuguese
1138:See also:
981:(≥ 1.0 mm)
473:Mauritania
439:Gallicized
334:Mauritania
195:Population
161:Government
142:Department
2371:1 January
2146:1 January
2009:10 August
2004:0013-0613
1932:St. Louis
1721:Education
1692:Diama Dam
1641:Christian
1472:Cartagena
1213:Repeated
563:Harmattan
521:flamingos
496:sand spit
467:, on the
449:Geography
388:canonized
270:Reference
220:Time zone
32:City and
2715:BBC News
2623:cite web
2397:28 April
1713:and the
1544:U.S. GIs
1489:Island.
1460:Pirogues
1361:Bordeaux
1283:signares
1215:flooding
1180:pilgrims
1145:Founding
1116:3,004.6
1026:Average
974:(10.72)
905:Average
525:pelicans
261:Criteria
2825:Senegal
2750:16°30′W
2747:16°02′N
2737:, 2004.
2664:Archive
2172:25 June
1919:Bologna
1866:twinned
1828:center
1756:collège
1733:, 2007.
1493:Museums
1451:Culture
1426:Economy
1302:Gajaaga
1298:escales
1200:English
1134:History
969:(0.01)
964:(0.00)
959:(0.93)
954:(4.08)
949:(3.60)
944:(1.70)
939:(0.26)
934:(0.00)
929:(0.00)
924:(0.01)
919:(0.02)
914:(0.10)
895:(50.4)
880:(63.7)
875:(67.1)
870:(63.7)
830:(69.3)
825:(63.3)
820:(68.5)
815:(75.2)
810:(77.2)
805:(77.2)
800:(76.1)
795:(72.9)
790:(67.5)
785:(64.9)
780:(64.0)
775:(62.8)
770:(61.0)
760:(90.1)
755:(90.5)
750:(94.5)
745:(94.1)
740:(91.4)
735:(89.8)
730:(88.3)
725:(87.1)
720:(86.5)
715:(88.7)
710:(91.4)
705:(90.3)
700:(88.5)
546:Climate
514:acacias
465:Senegal
424:Berbers
351:—where
314:Senegal
285:Session
206:254,171
202:commune
186:commune
153:Founded
123:Senegal
119:Country
94:16°30′W
91:16°02′N
34:commune
2872:Gambia
2613:6 June
2591:6 June
2485:French
2284:
2002:
1868:with:
1709:, the
1690:, the
1637:Muslim
1476:Havana
1322:Berber
1204:French
1198:, and
1188:Arabia
1177:Muslim
1113:232.5
1110:246.0
1107:260.4
1104:228.0
1101:248.0
1098:244.9
1095:222.0
1092:282.1
1089:285.0
1086:275.9
1083:238.0
1080:241.8
690:(113)
685:(104)
680:(106)
675:(108)
670:(106)
665:(100)
660:(100)
655:(111)
650:(109)
645:(113)
640:(108)
635:(106)
630:(100)
581:Month
469:border
435:island
418:. The
402:
396:France
382:
372:French
130:Region
2847:Gorée
2503:Fulɓe
2497:; in
2494:Peulh
2122:(PDF)
2115:(PDF)
1906:Liège
1880:Lille
1816:boxer
1684:]
1487:Gorée
1468:Bahia
1444:Fulas
1339:Dakar
1325:zwaya
1310:Waalo
1279:Gorée
1232:pints
1196:Dutch
1184:Mecca
1169:]
1069:63.9
1066:45.0
1063:54.0
1060:70.0
1057:78.5
1054:80.0
1051:78.5
1048:76.0
1045:69.5
1042:65.0
1039:56.5
1036:49.5
1033:44.0
1021:20.5
972:272.4
952:103.7
900:(45)
890:(46)
885:(50)
865:(63)
860:(54)
855:(50)
850:(55)
845:(45)
840:(45)
620:Year
507:Sahel
477:Rosso
471:with
443:Wolof
431:Wolof
400:Louis
380:Louis
366:Names
326:Dakar
306:Wolof
225:UTC+0
168:Mayor
2647:AEFE
2629:link
2615:2023
2593:2023
2563:2013
2528:2013
2499:Fula
2489:Peul
2471:2013
2449:2013
2427:2020
2420:UNDP
2399:2020
2373:2024
2347:2013
2321:2014
2295:2023
2282:ISBN
2243:2012
2221:2012
2196:2024
2174:2024
2148:2013
2011:2024
2000:ISSN
1631:The
1536:Cuba
1478:and
1395:and
1228:iron
1030:(%)
1018:0.1
1015:0.0
1012:1.8
1009:7.1
1006:7.1
1003:3.3
1000:0.5
997:0.1
994:0.0
991:0.1
988:0.3
985:0.1
957:23.7
947:91.5
942:43.1
893:10.2
878:17.6
873:19.5
868:17.6
828:20.7
823:17.4
818:20.3
813:24.0
808:25.1
803:25.1
798:24.5
793:22.7
788:19.7
783:18.3
778:17.8
773:17.1
768:16.1
758:32.3
753:32.5
748:34.7
743:34.5
738:33.0
733:32.1
728:31.3
723:30.6
718:30.3
713:31.5
708:33.0
703:32.4
698:31.4
617:Dec
614:Nov
611:Oct
608:Sep
605:Aug
602:Jul
599:Jun
596:May
593:Apr
590:Mar
587:Feb
584:Jan
530:The
523:and
392:king
386:, a
310:Ndar
179:Area
156:1659
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