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upper story. The vestibule was designed to symbolize the beginning of a journey in search of knowledge, the visitors arrives through a space decorated with murals of gardens and forest and passes busts of famous French scholars and scientists. The monumental staircase from the ground floor to the reading room is placed so it doesn't take any space from the reading room. Labrouste also designed building so that a majority of the books (sixty thousand) were in the reading room, easily accessible, with a minority (forty thousand) in the reserves. The iron structure of this reading room—a spine of sixteen slender, cast-iron Ionic columns dividing the space into twin aisles and supporting openwork iron arches that carry barrel vaults of plaster reinforced by iron mesh— is revered by
Modernists for its introduction of high technology into a monumental building.
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between 1928 and 1934. The number of seats in the reading room was doubled to seven hundred fifty. To accomplish this, the seating plan of the reading room was drastically changed; the original plan had long tables which stretched the entire length of the room, divided by a central spine of bookshelves, making the room seem even longer. In the new plan, the central bookshelves were removed and tables crossed the room, increasing the seating but reducing the linear effect. As the collection continued to grow, a new annex in the modernist style was added in 1954. The later computerization of the catalog created space for an additional one hundred seats. The building was classified as a national historic monument in 1992. Today the library is classified as a national library, a university library and a public library.
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581:, the oldest example of its kind, acquired by the library in about 1695, and a variety of terrestrial and celestial globes, as well as objects illustrating cultures around the world, which are on display in the library today. The library also displays a notable collection of eighty-six busts of French scientists, some made by the leading French sculptors of the 17th and 18th centuries, including busts by
472:. In the same spirit, the library and the Cabinet of Curiosities were opened to the public. The Library was still attached to the Abbey and the University of Paris, but it ceased to be a library of theology only; by the mid-eighteenth century a majority of the works were in other fields of knowledge. While the Abbey still paid part of the cost, the major part was paid by the City of Paris.
29:
613:. He traveled to Rome, following Napoleon's army, and arranged for the transfer to Paris of books confiscated from the papal collections. The library also received collections of books confiscated from nobles who had fled abroad during the Revolution. At the time of the fall of Napoleon, the library had a collection of one hundred ten thousand books and manuscripts.
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inventory include bibles, commentaries and ecclesiastical history; but also books on philosophy, law, science and literature. It was open not only to students, but also to French and foreign scholars. The manuscripts were of considerable value: each manuscript was marked with a warning notice that any person who stole or damaged a manuscript would be punished by
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Between 1851 and 1930, the library's collection grew from one hundred thousand volumes to over a million, requiring a series of reconstructions and modifications. In 1892, a hoist was installed to lift books from the reserves to the reading room; it is now on display. A more serious change was made
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style and the influence of
Florence and Rome, but in other ways it was strikingly original. The base and facade resembled Roman buildings, with simple arched windows and discreet bands of sculpture. The façade, exactly the length of the reading room, and the large windows, expressed the function of
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Unlike earlier buildings, the major decorative element of the building was not on the façade, but in the architecture of the reading room. The slender iron columns and the lace-like cast iron arches under the roof were not concealed; combined with the large windows they gave an immediate impression
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for the creation and copying of texts. The first record of the existence of the Sainte-Genevieve library dates from 831, and mentions the donation of three texts to the Abbey. The texts created or copied included works of history and literature, as well as theology, However, in the course of the 9th
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in 1824, and spent six years studying
Italian classical and Renaissance architecture. He had received few architectural commissions, but in 1838 he received the title of Inspector of Historic Monuments, and in this capacity he began to plan the new building. Since the Lycée wanted the space as soon
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By the early 13th century the university library was already famous throughout Europe. The early holdings of the library from this time are listed in a 13th-century inventory (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 16203, fol. 71v). The 226 titles and authors included in the 13th century
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The large (278 by 69 feet) two-storied structure filling a wide, shallow site is deceptively simple in plan: the lower floor is occupied by stacks to the left, rare-book storage and office space to the right, with a central vestibule and stairway leading to the reading room which fills the entire
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After the expulsion of the library from its old site, the government decided to build a new building for the collection. It was the first library in Paris to be constructed specifically as a library. The site chosen was close to the old library. It had originally been occupied by the medieval
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The fall of
Napoleon and the restoration of the monarchy brought new problems for the library. The collection of the library had more than doubled in size, and needed more space. However, the library shared the 18th-century building of the old Abbey Sainte-Genevieve with a prestigious school,
573:. named for the neighboring Abbey church, then under construction, which had also been confiscated and renamed. While the collection of books remained intact, the famous cabinet of Curiosities was broken up and some its collection was dispersed to the National Library and
554:, his reputation as an astronomer and geographer, and his contacts within the new government, the collection was not dispersed, and actually grew, as the library took in the collections confiscated from other Abbeys. The library was granted equal status with the
550:, the status of the Library changed dramatically. In 1790, the Abbey was secularized, and all of its property, including the library, was confiscated, and the community of monks who ran the library was broken up. Due to the diplomatic skills of the director,
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produced his first printed books in the mid-15th century, the library began collecting printed books. The
University of Paris invited several of his collaborators to Paris to begin a new publishing house. The library possesses a text of the
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was employed in the book reserve in 1913, at the time he was enjoying his first public exhibition in New York, and in his notes for his most famous sculpture Large Glass, he recommends that those seeking to understand him "read the
257:(1081–1151), the influential religious advisor to the King, required the reading aloud of scriptures, and specified that each monastery have a workshop to produce books and place to keep them. From 1108 to 1113, the scholar
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seriously disrupted the activities of the library. In the 16th and 17th century he library ceased to acquire new books and stopped producing catalogs of its holdings. Many manuscripts were dispersed and sold.
230:, who selected the site, across from the original Roman forum. She died in 502 and Clovis died in 511, and the basilica was completed in 520. It held the tombs of Saint Genevieve, Clovis, and his descendants.
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had been students. After the
Revolution that building had been transformed into a hospital and then a military prison, and was largely in ruins. It was to be demolished to make way for the new library.
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was a student at the lycée, and the lycée won. The library was finally expelled from its building. Some features of the old building, including the painted dome, can still be seen within the Lycée.
451:, with Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities, medals, rare minerals and stuffed animals, within the library. By 1687 the library possessed twenty thousand books, and four hundred manuscripts.
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Around about 1108, the theology school of the Abbey of Saint
Genevieve, was joined together with the School of Notre Dame Cathedral and the school of the Royal Palace to form the future
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raided Paris three times. While the settlement on the Ile-de-la-Cité was protected by the river, the abbey of Saint-Genevieve was sacked, and the books lost or carried away.
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New
Testament from the Abbey Sainte-Geneviève depicting the entry of Christ into Jerusalem Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (circa 1525–1530) (Ms. 106 f1r (Entrée à Jérusalem)
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as possible, all the books had been moved in 1842 to a temporary library in the only surviving building of
Montaigu College. His project was confirmed by the
226:, which was built atop the original abbey church. The abbey was said to have been founded at the beginning of the 6th century at the suggestion of Saint
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against
Protestantism. He donated six hundred volumes from his personal collection,. The new library director, Jean Fronteau, asked writers including
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366:, showing the foundation of Rome. (c. 1370) The manuscript belonged to king Charles V of France. Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Ms. 777, fol. 7r.
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179:. The library contains around 2 million documents, and currently is the principal inter-university library for the different branches of
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Studies of the museums and kindred institutions of New York City, Albany, Buffalo, and Chicago, with notes on some European Institutions
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By the 9th century, the basilica had been transformed into an Abbey church, and a large monastery had grown up around it, including a
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621:. The two institutions battled for space between 1812 and 1842. Though the library was supported by famous writers, including
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447:. He was succeeded by Claude Du Mollinet, librarian from 1673 until 1687. Du Mollinet founded a famous small museum, the
990:, where the title character and Isabelle go to find more information about a film which Hugo did not remember its name (
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in 1843, and a budget voted. The building was completed in December 1850. and opened to the public on 4 February 1851.
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249:(1108–1137) the Abbey had a particularly important role in European scholarship. The doctrines originally taught by
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originally known as the central school of the Panthéon, then as the Lycée Napoleon, and then and today as the
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Zanten, David Van. Designing Paris: the Architecture of Duban, Labrouste, Duc, and Vaudoyer. MIT Press, 1987.
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in the Rue de Richelieu, Paris, built between 1862 and 1868. Later in the century, the American architect
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the building. The primary decorative element of the façade is a list of names of famous scholars.
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577:. However, the Library did manage to retain a large number of objects, including the celebrated
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used the Sainte-Geneviève Library building as the model his design of the main building of the
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taught at the Abbey school, challenging many aspects of traditional theology and philosophy.
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In 1796, the name of the library was changed; it became the National Library of the
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During the late 18th century, the library acquired copies of the major works of the
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Labrouste went on to design the Salle Labrouste, the main reading room in the old
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The library was brought back to life beginning in 1619, during the reign of
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The library's interior was used as the Film Academy Library for scenes of
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The library continued to flourish in the early 19th century, under the
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167:. The collection of the library was saved from destruction during the
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Peyré, Yves, La bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève À travers les siècles
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The celestial globe, from the cabinet of curiosities (17th century)
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supporting the roof, was built between 1838 and 1851 by architect
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996:), later both finding out to their surprise that its creator is
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The new library showed the influence of the prevailing academic
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of space and lightness. It was a major step in the creation of
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144:, located at 10, place du Panthéon, across the square from the
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section on perspective in the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève."
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The library was gradually reassembled. During the reign of
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Buildings and structures in the 5th arrondissement of Paris
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171:. A new reading room for the library, with an innovative
1270:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 594ff
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Notable users of the library included the paleontologist
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published in 1499, with engravings after the drawings of
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two million documents, including 18,300 periodical titles
609:. After the death of Pingré the library was directed by
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https://archive.org/details/bibliothequesaintegenevieve
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Ground floor plan (entry hall in center and a reserves)
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La bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève À travers les siècles
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First page of The Book of Genesis, Bible of Manerius (
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baton from Cabinet of Curiosities (17th–18th century)
22:
Sorbonne Nouvelle University Sainte-Geneviève Library
431:. He saw the library as an important weapon of the
346:, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Ms. 782, folio 280)
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Henri Labrouste et la bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
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419:Reading room of the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
318:Illuminated manuscript of the Coronation of King
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742:in Paris, and the Margaret Carnegie Libarary at
1417:Henri Labrouste – Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
1252:Architecture: from Prehistory to Post-Modernism
1201:, Annie Le Saux, BBF 2002 – Paris, t. 47, n° 2
1221:"Henri Labrouste: Structure Brought to Light"
218:. It was located near the present church of
1319:Salt seller; the writings of Marcel Duchamp
159:, which was founded in the 6th century by
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666:The architect chosen for the project was
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1250:Marvin Trachtenberg and Isabelle Hyman,
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844:Later years – expansion and modification
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905:was a user of the library. The artist
670:. Born in 1801, he had studied at the
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530:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
326:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève,Ms. 782)
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1322:. New York: Oxford University Press.
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210:is said to have been founded by King
155:It is based on the collection of the
1484:Library buildings completed in 1850
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708:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
542:The Revolution and its aftermath
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384:15th Century to the 18th century
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358:Illumination in a manuscript of
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1358:(in French). Paris: Gallimard.
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918:Directors and principal keepers
750:, also a former student of the
738:, also a former student of the
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1264:Meyer, Adolf Bernhard (1905).
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938:Paul Roux-Fouillet (1977–1987)
826:Hall and reading room section)
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941:Geneviève Boisard (1987–1997)
611:Pierre Claude Francois Daunou
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125:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
987:The Invention of Hugo Cabret
944:Nathalie Jullian (1997–2006)
344:Grandes Chroniques de France
324:Grandes Chroniques de France
185:Sorbonne Nouvelle University
69:Sorbonne Nouvelle University
7:
1423:, Standard YouTube License)
901:. The Portuguese novelist
746:in California, designed by
150:5th arrondissement of Paris
139:liberal arts and humanities
58:5th arrondissement of Paris
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953:François Michaud (2015 – )
863:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
814:Original reading room plan
194:
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1223:. moma.org. 10 March 2013
924:Jean Baptiste LeChevalier
575:Museum of Natural History
429:Francois de Rochefoucauld
396:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
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1316:Duchamp, Marcel (1973).
1000:, Isabelle's godfather.
790:The reading room in 1859
732:University of California
456:Age of the Enlightenment
121:Sainte-Geneviève Library
1306:Peyré (2011), pp. 90–91
1168:Peyré (2011), pg. 52–55
1156:Peyré (2011), pg. 44–50
1138:Peyré (2011) pp. 32–33.
1126:Peyré (2011) pp. 30–31.
1108:Peyré (2011) pp. 24–25.
528:Bust of the naturalist
470:Jean le Rond d'Alembert
1479:Cast-iron architecture
1241:Peyré (2011), p. 70-71
1210:Peyré (2011), p. 62-66
1117:Peyré (2011) pp. 28–29
1047:www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr
1022:www.bsg.univ-paris3.fr
637:The Labrouste building
597:The early 19th century
449:Cabinet of Curiosities
420:
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1445:48.847083°N 2.34583°E
1390:. Boston, Mass. 1852.
968:Academy Award-winning
899:Guillaume Apollinaire
876:Les Illusions Perdues
716:Boston Public Library
418:
274:
220:Saint-Étienne-du-Mont
208:Abbey of St Genevieve
197:Abbey of St Genevieve
157:Abbey of St Genevieve
1354:Peyré, Yves (2011).
1147:Peyré (2011), pg. 44
1099:Peyré (2011), pg. 18
1090:Peyré (2011), pg. 16
1078:Peyré (2011), pg. 14
897:and the writings of
752:Ecole des Beaux Arts
740:Ecole des Beaux-Arts
720:Low Memorial Library
712:Charles Follen McKim
672:Ecole des Beaux-Arts
202:The Monastic library
67:Academic library of
1441: /
1384:Gleason's Pictorial
1297:Peyré (2011), p. 80
1288:Peyré (2011), p. 78
1177:Peyré (2011), p. 58
883:, in the novels of
778:Reading room in use
724:Columbia University
697:modern architecture
681:Chamber of Deputies
644:Collége de Montaigu
629:, the son of King
587:Jean-Antoine Houdon
534:Jean-Antoine Houdon
433:Counter-Reformation
266:University of Paris
181:University of Paris
1469:Libraries in Paris
1450:48.847083; 2.34583
993:A Trip to the Moon
958:In popular culture
885:Simone de Beauvoir
652:Ignatius of Loyola
607:Empire of Napoleon
579:astronomical clock
486:Astronomical Clock
421:
338:The birth of King
320:Louis IV of France
306:), (BSG Ms.8 f7)
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253:, and promoted by
247:Louis VI of France
163:, the King of the
129:university library
1365:978-2-07-013241-6
736:John Galen Howard
726:in New York, the
674:where he won the
660:François Rabelais
591:François Girardon
548:French Revolution
287:from the church.
169:French Revolution
133:Sorbonne-Nouvelle
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96:Other information
54:Place du Panthéon
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1402:Official website
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881:Honoré de Balzac
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603:French Directory
583:Antoine Coysevox
560:Mazarine Library
556:National Library
552:Alexandre Pingré
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437:Pierre Corneille
409:Wars of Religion
405:Giovanni Bellini
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668:Henri Labrouste
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88:Items collected
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867:Jules Michelet
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627:Jules Michelet
619:Lycée Henri IV
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1433:48°50′49.5″N
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110:.univ-paris3
1448: /
1349:Books cited
1027:17 February
976:, based on
950:(2006–2015)
935:(1917–1922)
926:(1806–1836)
895:James Joyce
871:Victor Hugo
728:Doe Library
656:John Calvin
623:Victor Hugo
512:Ceremonial
304: 1185
235:scriptorium
75:Established
1463:Categories
1004:References
948:Yves Peyré
688:beaux-arts
425:Louis XIII
173:iron frame
142:university
83:Collection
1436:2°20′45″E
1421:In French
1406:in French
1043:"Accueil"
1018:"Accueil"
445:Jansenist
390:Gutenberg
228:Genevieve
148:, in the
123:(French:
1227:23 March
970:3D film
646:, where
571:Panthéon
281:anathema
224:Panthéon
216:Clotilde
212:Clovis I
161:Clovis I
146:Panthéon
49:Location
1254:, p 478
1052:27 July
890:Ulysses
730:of the
648:Erasmus
240:Vikings
191:History
131:of the
127:) is a
101:Website
1362:
1338:754709
1336:
1326:
1274:5 July
912:entire
869:, and
838:Façade
589:, and
514:Arawak
165:Franks
136:public
887:, in
283:, or
255:Suger
1360:ISBN
1334:OCLC
1324:ISBN
1276:2014
1229:2013
1054:2023
1029:2023
973:Hugo
893:by
658:and
650:and
625:and
562:and
484:The
468:and
403:and
360:Livy
206:The
108:.bsg
78:1838
64:Type
52:10,
980:'s
966:'s
879:of
722:at
699:.,
532:by
464:of
112:.fr
106:www
1465::
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1182:^
1161:^
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268:.
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