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with the Wendat in an effort to construct a second mission designed especially for defence. It was named Ste. Marie II. A severe winter and the constant threat of
Iroquois attack eventually forced the French from the area, and they travelled back to New France. They took along the bones of Brébeuf
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Starting in 1964, Sainte-Marie was reconstructed as a historical site and living museum. All of the buildings and their contents are reproductions. A popular tourist attraction, it draws thousands of visitors each week during the summer months. The site is managed by
Huronia Historical Parks, an
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Soldiers had a small but important presence at the mission. Twenty-three soldiers wintered at Sainte-Marie in 1644, but many of the
Jesuits resisted the idea of a military presence. They feared the soldiers would "bring the worst of Europe" with them.
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With
Iroquois aggression on the rise, an additional six soldiers were dispatched from France in 1649. The weakened Wendat nation was little match for the strengthened Iroquois, who had used their trading alliances with the
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as they worked amongst the Huron. It also provided an example of a functioning
European community to the Huron. The mission was built near the Huron settlement of
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and
Lalemant on both trips. The bones have been held as holy relics at Ste. Marie II, which can be visited across from the Anglican church on Christian Island.
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On June 16, 1649, the missionaries chose to burn the mission rather than risk it being desecrated or permanently overrun by
Iroquois in further attacks. Father
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as martyrs. Shoemaker
Christophe Regnault had to extract the bones of the two men to save as relics. Regnault exhumed the bodies, placed them into a
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continued this in 1855. In 1940 the
Society of Jesus purchased the property where Sainte-Marie had stood. In 1941, Kenneth Kidd of the
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314:(offered, given or gifts), worked at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, in return for food, clothing, and shelter. The Jesuits hired
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457:"We ourselves set fire to it, and beheld burn before our eyes and in less than one hour, our work of nine or ten years."
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The mission was initially founded by 18 men. Arriving in
November 1639, the priests erected a makeshift shelter out of
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to the Huron, often adapting the story to local customs and symbols. One of the most famous examples of this was the "
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in the land of the Wendat. The fortified missionary settlement acted as a centre and base of operations for Jesuit
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undertook the first scientific excavations of the site, aided by W.J. Wintemberg. Wilfrid and Elsie Jury of the
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written by Jean de Brébeuf. A translated version of this song remains popular in Canadian churches to this day.
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undertook additional excavations. In 1954 Fr. Dennis Hegarty discovered the graves of Brébeuf and Lalemant.
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solution and wrapped the bones in linens. The men's flesh remains were reburied together in the same grave.
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forge, carpenter's workshop and the chapel—were severely damaged in a fire. They have since been rebuilt.
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began to reignite. The Wendat were weakened by their internal divisions and their losses from conflict.
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The founding of the mission led to division amongst the Wendat, with conflict between those who
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bark roof, using clay to build the interior walls. After the arrival of carpenter
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Before the burning, the survivors had decided that Brébeuf and Lalemant would be
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Sainte-Marie among the Hurons was established in 1639 by French Jesuits, Fathers
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and Gabriel Lalement were captured when the Wendat village was attacked by the
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Brébeuf and Lallemant stand ready for boiling water/fire "Baptism", flaying
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730:, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
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in 1930, the eight martyred missionaries are collectively known as the
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and other buildings. Sainte-Marie became the Jesuit headquarters in
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peoples, whose languages were distinct but related to each other.
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to Christianity and those who maintained traditional beliefs.
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On August 22, 2006, three of the reconstructed buildings—the
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371:. Also during this time, the rivalry between the Wendat and
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in 1920. A reconstruction of the mission now operates as a
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A small group of religiously devoted men, also known as
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in 1930. Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons was designated a
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487:The site lay dormant until 1844, when Jesuit Fr.
201:. It was at Saint-Louis that Jesuit missionaries
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602:Reconstructed buildings in First Nation section
534:in 1984 as part of his papal visit to Canada.
266:, a residence for the Jesuits, a cookhouse, a
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777:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons official site
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195:Saint-Louis Mission National Historic Site
150:settlement in what is now the province of
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1118:Populated places disestablished in 1649
578:Jesuit community reconstructed building
513:Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture
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146:, from 1639 to 1649. It was the first
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740:Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Mission
728:Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Mission
555:Canadian Heritage Information Network
262:, further construction resulted in a
1123:1649 disestablishments in New France
1068:Populated places established in 1639
745:Canadian Register of Historic Places
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73:www.saintemarieamongthehurons.on.ca/
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1093:National Historic Sites in Ontario
549:The museum is affiliated with the
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185:, marks the spot where an earlier
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850:National Historic Sites of Canada
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1073:First Nations history in Ontario
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229:on the outskirts of what is now
172:National Historic Site of Canada
85:National Historic Site of Canada
18:Living museum in Ontario, Canada
1143:1954 archaeological discoveries
1138:1941 archaeological discoveries
1133:1855 archaeological discoveries
1128:1844 archaeological discoveries
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704:Sainte Marie among the Iroquois
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127:Sainte-Marie-au-pays-des-Hurons
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472:The missionaries travelled to
282:, and the Algonquian-speaking
189:missionary to Wendake, Father
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614:First Nations Chapel exterior
505:University of Western Ontario
118:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
22:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
551:Canadian Museums Association
138:or Wendake, the land of the
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526:. The site adjacent to the
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429:(1649)—were killed in the
397:Eight of the missionaries—
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559:Virtual Museum of Canada
181:A nearby historic site,
758:Article on Sainte-Marie
491:conducted initial site
437:Burning of Sainte-Marie
158:from Sainte-Marie were
590:Jesuit chapel interior
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805:44.73417°N 79.84528°W
483:Modern reconstruction
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699:List of Jesuit sites
672:North America portal
501:Royal Ontario Museum
427:St. Gabriel Lalemant
810:44.73417; -79.84528
801: /
399:St. Jean de Brébeuf
252:eastern white cedar
209:on March 16, 1649.
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1023:History portal
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431:Huron-Iroquois War
394:to gain firearms.
349:Infectious disease
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156:Eight missionaries
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532:Pope John Paul II
379:War and martyrdom
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113:Vegetable garden.
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411:Charles Garnier
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298:Missionary life
239:, led by chief
223:Jean de Brébeuf
219:JĂ©rĂ´me Lalemant
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203:Jean de Brébeuf
191:Joseph Le Caron
168:Catholic Church
130:) was a French
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425:(1646), and
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419:Isaac Jogues
417:(1642), St.
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958:Territories
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852:by location
808: /
493:excavations
415:René Goupil
385:Beaver Wars
369:Netherlands
363:in France,
327:Huron Carol
162:, and were
40:Established
1062:Categories
796:79°50′43″W
793:44°44′03″N
715:References
539:blacksmith
383:See also:
250:(probably
183:Carhagouha
92:Designated
858:Provinces
495:. Father
475:Gahoendoe
463:canonized
353:Epidemics
345:converted
331:Christmas
320:Christian
284:Nipissing
248:"cypress"
241:Auoindaon
164:canonized
1010:Category
937:Montreal
905:Kingston
900:Hamilton
875:Manitoba
644:See also
557:and the
373:Iroquois
367:and the
357:smallpox
207:Iroquois
187:RĂ©collet
160:martyred
148:European
54:, Canada
48:Location
970:Nunavut
920:Toronto
910:Niagara
895:Ontario
865:Alberta
565:Grounds
365:England
361:endemic
316:engagés
272:Huronia
213:History
166:by the
152:Ontario
136:Huronia
69:Website
991:France
932:Quebec
915:Ottawa
553:, the
453:wrote,
323:Gospel
312:donnés
306:Wigwam
292:Ojibwa
288:Ottawa
268:smithy
264:chapel
140:Wendat
132:Jesuit
122:French
975:Yukon
392:Dutch
329:", a
280:Petun
276:Huron
256:birch
334:hymn
290:and
278:and
221:and
95:1920
59:Type
43:1639
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467:lye
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