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may have originated in South Africa but has spread around the world and now has a global distribution. It has been recorded feeding on 113 species of plant in 49 families. As well as being a serious pest of olive, it is one of the most important pests of citrus especially in the
Mediterranean area,
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known as "crawlers". These are mobile, emerging from under the scale and dispersing to other parts of the plant. They moult twice before becoming adult, and all life stages of the insect feed by sucking the sap of the host plant.
296:. Giovene showed that the insect was common in the above regions as well, even though it occurred less often. Moreover, Giovene discovered the male of the insect, which at that time wasn't known in Europe. In the
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The soft body of the adult female olive scale is concealed under a dark grey or brownish-black covering which grows and hardens over time. Male scales are not present in most regions and breeding is by
418:"Details - Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. - Biodiversity Heritage Library"
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is native to South Africa and has been introduced to
California where it has dramatically reduced incidence of this scale in citrus orchards.
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Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc.
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One of the first scientists who studied the insect in a scientific and modern way was
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Byron, Morgan A.; Gillett-Kaufman, Jennifer L. (February 2018).
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California, Florida and South
America. The parasitic wasp
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308:) it was written that "the male is not known" (
249:species, also attacking (but less frequently)
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278:Giuseppe Maria Giovene
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349:Metaphycus helvolus
16:Species of true bug
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513:11 October
356:References
320:Life cycle
275:naturalist
227:olive tree
104:Suborder:
78:Arthropoda
255:oleanders
136:Species:
129:Saissetia
98:Hemiptera
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
793:Coccidae
571:Q1460473
565:Wikidata
487:27 April
457:27 April
424:. 1816.
300:(1816) (
263:euonymus
219:Coccidae
177:Synonyms
118:Coccidae
114:Family:
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
730:1661407
665:5163435
294:Otranto
286:Apulian
269:History
214:in the
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170:, 1791)
168:Olivier
124:Genus:
94:Order:
88:Insecta
84:Class:
778:Olives
737:NZOR:
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678:396652
626:SAISOL
613:492674
483:. CABI
331:nymphs
310:French
302:French
251:citrus
216:family
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639:98263
725:NCBI
699:ITIS
660:GBIF
621:EPPO
608:BOLD
515:2020
489:2020
459:2020
292:and
290:Bari
203:syn.
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686:ISC
595:AFD
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
