305:(86: 298–305) that was highly critical of Brown's account of plants acquired on a Congo expedition. Brown and others had little difficulty discerning that the author was Salisbury, prompting the former to complain to Smith the following month. However, there was already considerable ill feeling between the two botanists, due to Salisbury's use of Brown's work, but also his falling out with Smith, from the early days of the century. Smith referred to Salisbury's contributions as "trash" in 1807.
189:. Smith gathered a circle of friends together to form the Society for the Investigation of Natural History in March 1782. Smith described Markham as 'a young man of large fortune from Leeds, who studies physic as an amusement, and is an excellent botanist; but has just left Edinburgh and 'tis uncertain whether he will return'. It is unclear whether he completed his studies and graduated, not uncommon at that time among those with a substantial inheritance.
44:
1322:
352:, denote his part in the history of British botany. At that time (1797), he was still on good terms with Smith, who wrote "named in honour of Richard Anthony Salisbury, Esq., F.R.S. and F.L.S. of whose acuteness and indefatigable zeal in the service of botany no testimony is necessary in this society, nor in any place which his writings have reached".
789:
Markham wrote "In the year 1780 I first became acquainted with Mrs. Anna
Salisbury a very old maiden lady, who in 1785 gave me £10,000 three per cents, to pursue my studies in botany and gardening, on condition of my taking the name of Salisbury only, out of respect for the memory of her brother John
196:
that in 1785, Anna
Salisbury, an elderly spinster without heirs who was a distant relative of his mother and who shared his love of plants, had settled on him a substantial amount of money. The condition was that he adopt her name, which she stated was an ancient and illustrious Welsh family. He was
227:
Salisbury married
Caroline Staniforth in 1796. One child, Eleanor, was born to the couple in 1797; the two separated shortly thereafter. Salisbury had apparently misrepresented his finances when he had proposed marriage, and had large debts at the time of his daughter's birth and had declared
308:
In addition to the allegations of plagiarism, Salisbury was known as a man who was difficult to get along with, was frequently involved in disputes with his contemporaries and was shunned by many botanists of his day. Nonetheless, he was a meticulous botanist and illustrator who contributed
150:, as the only son of Richard Markham, a cloth merchant and Elizabeth Laycock. His family included two sisters, including his older sister Mary (b. 1755). One of his sisters became a nun. His mother, was the great grand-daughter of Jonathan Laycock of
455:
Although
Salisbury's generic names have almost all been overturned, many of his specific epithets have been reinstated; since the nominal author was Knight, not Salisbury, Knight is now considered the author of a great many
402:, which contained only 13 pages related to cultivation techniques, but over 100 pages of taxonomic revision. However, it turned out that the work had nonetheless freely plagiarised the work of yet another botanist (
138:; 2 May 1761 – 23 March 1829) was a British botanist. While he carried out valuable work in horticultural and botanical sciences, several bitter disputes caused him to be ostracised by his contemporaries.
293:"there was a tacit understanding on the part of the botanical leaders of the period, including Brown, Banks, and Smith, that Salisbury's botanical work and names should, as far as possible, be ignored"—
398:
228:
bankruptcy for dubious purposes. His honesty in legal and financial matters seems to have been questionable, if not devious. He apparently recovered financially by 1802, when he bought a house.
420:
in the first quarter of 1809, which was subsequently published in March 1810. Knight and
Salisbury thus beat Brown to print and claimed priority for the names that Brown had authored.
392:
instead. In 1796, at his own expense, Salisbury published a comprehensive account of the plants at Chapel
Allerton He published a manuscript in 1809 under the name of a friend,
289:
for classifying plants, which was one reason why others ignored his work. Another was the belief that
Salisbury had behaved unethically. The censure was later reported as:
237:
1235:
790:
Salisbury of Exeter deceased". Elsewhere he explained "Mrs. Anna
Salisbury was a connexion of my maternal grandmother who was Hester Salisbury of Wales"
276:
found he had left the accounts in disarray. He moved to London around this time; his small garden contained a large number of exotic and rare plants.
220:
in Paris and London. There, he visited Banks, who remained his loyal friend for the rest of his life. He received recognition through election to the
407:
403:
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1326:
197:
never able to produce any documentation to this effect and later it was claimed that he had admitted to having invented the story.
1372:
1367:
1046:
Dictionary of
British and Irish botanists and horticulturalists: including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers
1134:
248:
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1288:"Salisbury, Richard Anthony (1761-1829). Icones stirpium rariorum descriptionibus illustratae. London: William Bulmer, 1791"
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Salisbury was unpopular with his contemporaries for his rejection, (subsequently demonstrated to be correct (of the
309:
significantly to both the science and to horticulture. His contributions to
English botany include a Corsican pine (
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166:. Of this, he wrote "so I inherit a taste for botany from very ancient blood". He studied at a school near
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in his later years, and offered to leave him his inheritance if he would take the name of 'Salisbury'.
216:. At the same time he developed a corresponding relationship with many leading botanists, and visited
1264:
507:
417:
243:
186:
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A literary and biographical history or bibliographical dictionary of the English Catholics from 1534
427:, ostracised from botanical circles, and his publications were largely ignored during his lifetime.
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Following his studies, Markham, now Salisbury pursued the life of country gentleman of wealth at
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About this time, Richard Markham changed his name to Richard Salisbury. Later, Markham wrote to
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377:.This was followed in 1796 with an account of the plants on his Chapel Allerton estate.
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I scarcely know what to think of him except that he stands between a rogue and a fool.
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How shocked was I to see Salisbury's surreptitious anticipation of Brown's paper on
364:(1791), a collection of 11 hand coloured plates, including the first description of
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204:, Leeds, one of his father's estates. He developed substantial gardens and a large
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Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London 1820 (contributions 1806–1811)
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342:. The portrait in pencil by Burchell (1817), acquired by Kew, and Smith's genus
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406:) who was at odds with Salisbury. Salisbury had memorised the plant names from
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was also passed there via his adopted son, Matthew Burchill. Salisbury had met
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181:, then Professor of Medicine and Botany. At Edinburgh he became friendly with
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and a circle of wealthy local landowners who were equally enthusiastic about
399:
On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae
232:
209:
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316:
311:
1169:"Generic Names Published in Salisbury's Reviews of Robert Brown's Works"
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However, Markham's name does not appear in Professor Hope's class lists
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In 1809, Salisbury was appointed the first honorary secretary of the
217:
212:. For instance, he received an invitation to redesign the grounds of
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in 1780, where he would have at least been aware of the influence of
151:
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43:
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944:
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257:
1043:
Desmond, Ray (1994) . "Salisbury, Richard Anthony (né Markham)".
1233:
Allen, D. E. (2004). "Salisbury , Richard Anthony (1761–1829)".
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388:) still supported by Smith among others. Salisbury promoted the
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185:, another student, who would found and become president of the
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154:. Laycock in turn married Mary Lyte (b. 1537), brother of
111:
525:
The Genera of Plants: A Fragment Containing Part of Liriogamoe
170:
and by the age of eight had established a passion for plants.
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a few years later, after his wealthy "friend and patron",
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Prodromus stirpium in horto ad Chapel Allerton vigentium
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University of Edinburgh: Historical Alumni Collection
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Gillow, Joseph (1885). "Salisbury, Richard Anthony".
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Icones stirpium rariorum descriptionibus illustratae
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Icones stirpium rariorum descriptionibus illustratae
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755:is used to indicate this person as the author when
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1147:Higgins, Wesley; Alrich, Peggy (1 November 2015).
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330:He died in 1829. His manuscripts were obtained by
255:honouring him. Smith improperly renamed the genus
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885:
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588:Observations on the different species of Dahlia
301:In July 1818, an anonymous article appeared in
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1228:. Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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566:On the cultivation of the Polianthes Tuberosa
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338:and deposited the remaining documents at the
1239:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
360:Salisbury's first known publication was his
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610:A short account of Nectarines and Peaches
488:
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447:Robert Brown himself wrote of Salisbury:
247:(1806–09). The latter was illustrated by
27:British botanist and gardener (1761-1829)
370:, which therefore bears his name as the
1236:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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720:Description of a bank for Alpine Plants
439:plants, under the name and disguise of
14:
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1135:Journal of Botany, British and Foreign
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735:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
713:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
691:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
669:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
647:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
625:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
603:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
581:Horticultural Society of London (1820)
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231:Salisbury contributed annotations to
158:, the botanist and translator of the
1130:: with some remarks on nomenclature"
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632:Some account of the Red Doyenne Pear
146:Richard Anthony Markham was born in
1149:"Early Illustrators of Cypripedium"
698:On the vegetation of high mountains
676:On the cultivation of the Jamrosade
24:
1215:"Salisbury, Richard Anthony"
224:and the Linnean Society in 1787.
173:He attended medical school at the
25:
1384:
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654:On the cultivation of rare plants
1320:
1265:"Richard Anthony Markham (1780)"
1225:Dictionary of National Biography
464:List of selected published works
1100:Horticultural Society of London
1030:
1015:International Plant Names Index
1007:
251:, and contained the genus name
241:(1805–07), and descriptions to
1373:19th-century British botanists
1368:18th-century British botanists
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13:
1:
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500:Dissertatio botanica de Erica
384:of plant classification, the
279:Salisbury opposed the use of
1358:Fellows of the Royal Society
1253:UK public library membership
413:On the Proteaceae of Jussieu
7:
1202:
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1094:Salisbury & Gray (1866)
723:. 1811. p. Appendix 15
701:. 1811. p. Appendix 15
679:. 1811. p. Appendix 11
10:
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516:Salisbury, Richard Anthony
1327:Richard Anthony Salisbury
963:Salisbury & Gray 1866
951:Higgins & Alrich 2015
822:Salisbury & Gray 1866
508:The Paradisus Londinensis
495:(in Latin). London: self.
489:Salisbury, R. A. (1796).
476:Salisbury, R. A. (1791).
423:Salisbury was accused of
418:Linnean Society of London
127:Richard Anthony Salisbury
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1049:(2nd ed.). London:
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529:(published posthumously)
334:, who published part as
1210:Boulger, George Simonds
1120:Britten, James (1886).
355:
238:Plantarum Guianæ Icones
175:University of Edinburgh
141:
136:Richard Anthony Markham
48:Salisbury portrayed by
1245:10.1093/ref:odnb/24542
1105:Transactions, Volume 1
453:
445:
441:Mr. Hibbert's gardener
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263:James Brodie of Brodie
1108:(3 ed.). London.
449:
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270:Horticultural Society
244:Paradisus Londinensis
50:William John Burchell
1329:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:Taylor & Francis
548:Biodiversity Library
325:Alphonse de Candolle
1343:English taxonomists
1078:. pp. 468–470.
953:, pp. 670–671.
746:author abbreviation
657:. 1812. p. 261
635:. 1811. p. 230
613:. 1808. p. 103
443:! Oh it is too bad!
372:botanical authority
1292:Fine Printed Books
1090:. pp. iii–vi.
591:. 1808. p. 84
569:. 1806. p. 41
531:. John Van Voorst.
303:The Monthly Review
183:James Edward Smith
1363:People from Leeds
1325:Media related to
1251:(Subscription or
1076:Burns & Oates
429:Samuel Goodenough
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295:Journal of Botany
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99:Scientific career
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1348:1761 births
1220:Lee, Sidney
810:Gillow 1885
520:Gray, J. E.
511:, 1805–1808
437:New Holland
317:Kew Gardens
312:Pinus nigra
1337:Categories
1284:Christie's
1255:required.)
1159:: 660–671.
847:Allen 2004
798:References
727:1 November
705:1 November
683:1 November
661:1 November
639:1 November
617:1 November
595:1 November
573:1 November
480:. London:
458:Proteaceae
425:plagiarism
344:Salisburia
319:, and his
156:Henry Lyte
85:1829-03-24
67:2 May 1761
63:1761-05-02
1261:Edinburgh
1084:Gray, J E
895:Gray 1866
460:species.
321:herbarium
179:John Hope
152:Shaw Hill
1286:(2014).
1263:(2022).
1212:(1897).
1203:Websites
1167:(1980).
1142:: 49–53.
1128:Brodiaea
1114:Articles
1102:(1820).
1086:(1866).
522:(1866).
505:Text of
281:Linnaeus
258:Brodiaea
218:herbaria
206:hothouse
1222:(ed.).
1153:Orchids
1124:Hookera
1088:Preface
751:Salisb.
431:wrote:
416:to the
375:Salisb.
253:Hookera
168:Halifax
164:Dodoens
83: (
18:Salisb.
1297:9 June
1274:27 May
1249:
1195:122033
1193:
1057:
757:citing
502:, 1800
349:Ginkgo
160:herbal
134:(born
112:Botany
105:Fields
1218:. In
1191:JSTOR
1174:Taxon
1092:, in
1037:Books
768:Notes
470:Books
404:Brown
1299:2022
1276:2022
1126:vs.
1055:ISBN
729:2014
707:2014
685:2014
663:2014
641:2014
619:2014
597:2014
575:2014
544:here
542:and
536:here
356:Work
142:Life
78:Died
57:Born
1241:doi
1183:doi
733:In
711:In
689:In
667:In
645:In
623:In
601:In
579:In
546:at
538:on
283:'s
265:.
235:'s
162:of
131:FRS
1339::
1290:.
1267:.
1189:.
1179:29
1177:.
1171:.
1157:84
1155:.
1151:.
1140:24
1138:.
1132:.
1053:.
1017:.
994:^
941:^
926:^
887:^
866:^
829:^
759:a
518:;
1308:)
1301:.
1278:.
1247:.
1243::
1197:.
1185::
1122:"
1063:.
1023:.
1004:.
989:.
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882:.
861:.
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812:.
763:.
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709:.
687:.
665:.
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484:.
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61:(
20:)
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