217:
537:
687:
1044:
1402:
560:. The plain supports the largest known expanse of unimproved chalk downland in north west Europe, and represents 41% of Britain's remaining area of this wildlife habitat. The plain supports 13 species of nationally rare and scarce plants, 67 species of rare and scarce invertebrates and forms a site of international importance for birds. In addition to chalk downland, the plain supports scrub and woodland habitats, temporary and permanent pools and the
38:
1286:
135:
1193:
1349:
The area as a whole is of national and international importance for breeding and wintering birds. It supports seven species listed on Annex 1 of the EC Directive on the
Conservation of Wild Birds, populations of six species of Red Data bird and several species of candidate Red Data bird. Amongst the
572:
A diversity of soil types, slope, aspect and past and present land-use has given rise to various grassland communities. Historical evidence suggests that large areas of grassland are of great antiquity, and areas which were cultivated at the beginning of the 20th century have experienced nearly 100
1039:
The botanically and structurally diverse grasslands support a large range of rare and uncommon chalk downland invertebrates. Where abundance has been assessed strong populations of national and local importance are present, and the large area of habitat available to them is important in ensuring
573:
years of chalk grassland re-colonisation. Parts of East
Salisbury Plain and the periphery of Central and West comprise areas of grassland currently managed for grazing pasture and hay-cutting, whilst the middle of Centre and West are ungrazed. A large proportion of Salisbury Plain supports
1031:) on Bulford Downs and Beacon Hill. Both pyramidal and prostrate forms are present and this site, along with Porton Down SSSI to the south, supports the best remaining examples of the lowland type of juniper associated with chalk and mixed scrub in England.
1409:
The overall breeding assemblage is exceptionally diverse for a
British dry grassland site. In winter the plain is an important area for foraging flocks of thrushes, finches and buntings. These, together with abundant small mammals are prey for wintering
635:). The high constancy of this last species is a distinctive feature of the upright brome grasslands on Salisbury Plain and is otherwise only known from one other site in Hampshire. Where upright brome is less dominating, plants such as
815:
forms a conspicuous component. This type of grassland has its stronghold in
Wiltshire and occurs on the less disturbed areas of the central ranges. Herb diversity is generally lower in the tall, upright brome-dominated swards, but
1124:
An outstanding assemblage of two rare (RDB), 36 nationally scarce and two regionally notable moths are present, most of which are either chalk grassland specialists or are partly dependent on chalk grassland. The RDB species
1310:
which is dependent on temporary pools, a rare and declining habitat. On the plain this habitat requirement is met by numerous pools created by repeated tank movements along the earth tracks which cross the chalk grassland.
1022:
Although there is some scrub development on the plain, it is remarkable that large expanses of the chalk grassland remain open with very little invasion of woody species. Of particular interest are the large stands of
483:
is famous for having the tallest spire in the country, and the building was, for many centuries, the tallest building in
Britain. The cathedral is evidence of the prosperity the
730:). Particularly associated with long established turf on thin rendzina soils, and rabbit-grazed areas of the eastern and central ranges, are low-growing perennials including
487:
and cloth trade brought to the area. In the mid-19th century the wool and cloth industry began to decline, leading to a decline in the population and change in land use from
1707:
224:
The boundaries of
Salisbury Plain have never been truly defined, and there is some difference of opinion as to its exact area. The river valleys surrounding it, and other
1796:
933:) is found in some stabilised missile-impaction craters on the central ranges. This vegetation type is found elsewhere only on Porton Down SSSI and on the Brecklands.
1606:
984:) occurs on the western ranges and is notable for the low incidence of hybridisation with dwarf thistle, a contributory cause of its decline in other localities.
1422:. Hen harriers occur in nationally significant numbers each winter, and the plain is an important winter roost for this species in southern England. In 2003 the
1806:
182:, one of England's best known landmarks. Large areas are given over to military training; thus, the sparsely populated plain is the biggest remaining area of
912:
1673:
1801:
581:) species-rich grassland, within which a continuous floristic variation is seen. A widespread type on the plain is characterised by an abundance of
1060:
The plain is an important stronghold for declining downland butterflies. A high concentration of colonies of three nationally scarce species, the
220:
Rough map of military training area (green) on
Salisbury Plain within Wiltshire (blue) (it accounts for about half the area of Salisbury Plain)
1208:
The bee fauna is particularly rich in species which depend on chalk grassland. One of only two
British populations of the endangered (RDB)
973:
1713:
259:
runs through the eastern half of the plain, and to the south the plain peters out as the river valleys close together before meeting at
1181:). Larvae of these moths feed on the chalk grassland plants which are widespread on the plain. Other nationally scarce moths such as
549:
1092:) is present on East Salisbury Plain at one of its two Wiltshire localities. Strong populations of other downland species such as
856:) grassland is also widespread, but is particularly a feature of the western ranges, often indicating areas of past cultivation.
1354:
representing 12% of the
British population breed on the plain. The area accounts for approximately 20% of breeding records for
1627:
y R. W. Simons. Guglielmo
Marconi and Early Systems of Wireless Communication. GEC Review, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1996. – pp. 37–55.
102:
74:
804:) are all abundant and exemplify the oceanic character of the chalk grassland on the plain, a feature which is confined to
353:
321:
is considered the largest settlement on the plain (southern fringes), though there are a number of small villages, such as
1701:
1602:
491:
to agriculture and military use. Wiltshire became one of the poorest counties in England during this period of decline.
999:
flora with seven nationally scarce species which have seen a general decline in other chalk grassland sites, including
936:
Small areas of chalk-heath vegetation occur on superficial clay-with-flints deposits. Here chalk-loving plants such as
81:
121:
1737:
55:
24:
1811:
88:
1590:
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are thought to exceed 1% of the British population on a regular basis. Other important breeding species include
548:
Because of the large training areas inaccessible to the public, the plain is a wildlife haven, and home to two
216:
59:
20:
1719:
525:
357:
205:
1670:
70:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1791:
1182:
1442:). This newt occurs in dew ponds across the plain and in pools along the Bourne River, together with
1301:
Recent observations have shown that Salisbury Plain is an important site for the RDB crustacean, the
1142:
404:
had become a focus for building, and the southern part of the plain continued to be settled into the
300:
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622:
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In the 6th century, Anglo-Saxon incomers built planned settlements in the valleys surrounded by
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On anthills, and in the more disturbed turf that is especially a feature of the impact area,
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in southern England covering 300 square miles (780 km). It is part of a system of chalk
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on Salisbury Plain, and achieved good results over a distance of 1.25 miles (2.0 km).
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19:
This article is about the plateau in southern England. For the place in South Georgia, see
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Sevenoaks and Westerham Chronicle and Kentish Advertiser. – 25 September 1896, page 2.
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period, Stone Age people began to settle on the plain, most likely centred around the
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707:
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507:
431:
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237:
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552:, but there is concern that the low level of grazing on the plain could allow
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1415:
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848:), occurring in greater quantity on the plain than anywhere else in Britain.
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1350:
breeding birds three species are particularly noteworthy. Up to 20 pairs of
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1302:
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are to the southwest. In the west and north west the geology is mainly the
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1133:) is present, and amongst many species of nationally scarce moths are the
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and other earthworks were built across the plain. By 2500 BC areas around
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1256:(flies) include four RDB species which depend on chalk grassland, the
976:(RDB) plants occur on the plain. The largest population in Britain of
1708:
The Countryside Agency: Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs AONB
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came to be constructed around the boundaries of the plain, including
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are chalk downland to the east and north of Salisbury Plain, and the
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164:
879:. Annuals are also characteristic of this habitat, including common
37:
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is present on the plain, and two other RDB species which occur are
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throughout eastern and southern England formed by the rocks of the
156:
134:
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1253:
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817:
763:
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place names suggest that the plain was mostly a grain-producing
1605:. Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom. 12 December 2012.
919:). A very local community characterised by a lichen-rich turf (
992:) persists as a small colony in tall upright brome grassland.
1192:
949:
232:
beyond them loosely define its boundaries. To the north the
229:
191:
149:
524:
The British Army first conducted manoeuvres at what is now
484:
288:
1434:
Other species of interest on Salisbury Plain include the
840:) are characteristic. Parasitic on the latter species is
452:
are visible features, probably serving a settlement near
204:
A large amount of land is set aside for military use as
1725:
1319:
Other nationally scarce invertebrates occur within the
1228:. This is a rare inland site for the nationally scarce
506:
was constructed to the north of the plain, through the
341:
runs through the southern area of the plain, while the
948:
co-exist with plants typical of acid soils, including
698:
The rare and notable plants which occur here include
1649:"Cavalry Manoeuvres, July 1898 – Horse Power Museum"
1108:) are found, and of note here is the occurrence of
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1426:was reintroduced into Britain on Salisbury Plain.
1797:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire
1671:Tall As a Deer, Huge U.K. Bird Staging a Comeback
1603:"The Defence Training Estate – Detailed guidance"
1116:), a butterfly rarely found away from the coast.
186:in northwest Europe. Additionally, the plain has
1768:
808:. Similarly restricted is a community in which
333:in the middle of the plain, as well as various
1358:in Britain each year, and numbers of breeding
498:on the plain, of which the most famous is the
372:Salisbury Plain is famous for its history and
1807:Military training areas in the United Kingdom
1591:Natural England Salisbury Plain SSSI citation
1236:), and the only lowland English site for the
311:rise to the west of Salisbury Plain, and the
263:. From here the Avon continues south to the
1331:(beetles), the latter group including a RDB
722:) and the nationally scarce British endemic
1189:) depend on the associated scrub habitats.
778:) in its most southerly British station.
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1802:Special Areas of Conservation in England
1429:
1400:
1284:
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1042:
685:
535:
215:
133:
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1474:) are also often seen near pools, and
360:, and the entire Salisbury Plain is a
163:and largely lies within the county of
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354:Sites of Special Scientific Interest
201:. Its highest point is Easton Hill.
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1702:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
1084:) on the chalk, occur. A colony of
995:Salisbury Plain supports a diverse
513:In September 1896, George Kemp and
23:. For the suburb in Australia, see
13:
248:runs along the southwest, and the
14:
1823:
1691:
1546:
1076:), and the largest population of
694:) can be found on Salisbury Plain
683:) are characteristic associates.
174:The plain is famous for its rich
1726:HQ Salisbury Plain Training Area
1716:, European Commission, 2001–2005
1047:The Duke of Burgundy butterfly (
36:
25:Salisbury Plain, South Australia
1722:– GOV.UK, updated November 2021
1720:Public access to military areas
352:20,000 hectares are designated
47:needs additional citations for
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21:Salisbury Plain, South Georgia
1:
1530:. Retrieved 11 February 2006.
1513:
1323:(grasshoppers and crickets),
1175:narrow-bordered bee hawk moth
567:
526:Salisbury Plain Training Area
358:Special Areas of Conservation
206:Salisbury Plain Training Area
1714:Salisbury Plain LIFE Project
1187:Synanthedon anthraciniformis
903:) and the nationally scarce
867:) is abundant together with
7:
1501:
240:, and to the northwest the
236:of the downs overlooks the
190:, and a few small areas of
10:
1828:
1221:and its nest parasite the
1034:
964:) and the uncommon annual
531:
367:
18:
1314:
762:), the nationally scarce
460:are sparse, however, and
1710:, archived in March 2008
1676:16 February 2006 at the
1508:Geology of Great Britain
1344:
1247:
1119:
627:Helianthemum nummularium
550:national nature reserves
16:Chalk plateau in England
1539:James, N. D. G. (1987)
1528:Encyclopædia Britannica
1307:Chirocephalus diaphanus
1291:Chirocephalus diaphanus
1238:broken-belted bumblebee
1230:brown-banded carder bee
1203:
1183:orange-tailed clearwing
1163:Eupithecia pimpinellata
893:Saxifraga tridactylites
362:Special Protection Area
349:cut across the centre.
1812:Landforms of Wiltshire
1406:
1293:
1200:
1052:
1009:Pleurochaete squarrosa
695:
690:The burnt-tip orchid (
545:
494:There are a number of
221:
142:
1430:Snakes and amphibians
1404:
1288:
1266:Urophora solstitialis
1261:Chaetorellia loricata
1195:
1171:Eupithecia subumbrata
1155:Phibalapteryx virgata
1102:dark green fritillary
1066:Polyommatus bellargus
1046:
854:Arrhenatherum elatius
830:Heracleum sphondylium
720:Senecio integrifolius
689:
673:Onobrychis viciifolia
540:Typical grassland at
539:
504:Kennet and Avon Canal
219:
167:, but stretches into
137:
1143:six-belted clearwing
913:fine-leaved sandwort
889:rue-leaved saxifrage
782:Devil's-bit scabious
665:Anthyllis vulneraria
645:clustered bellflower
632:Filipendula vulgaris
500:Westbury White Horse
382:causewayed enclosure
337:and army camps. The
184:calcareous grassland
141:, on Salisbury Plain
56:improve this article
1787:Plateaus of England
1749: /
1682:National Geographic
1669:James Owen, 2003. "
1526:"Salisbury Plain",
1218:Andrena hattorfiana
1131:Adscita globulariae
1098:Polyommatus coridon
865:Hieracium pilosella
802:Stachys officinalis
794:Serratula tinctoria
736:Asperula cynanchica
728:Gentianella anglica
649:Campanula glomerata
641:Scabiosa columbaria
556:to encroach on the
519:wireless telegraphy
315:to the north west.
252:runs to the east.
1782:Geology of England
1777:Hills of Wiltshire
1468:Barred grass snake
1440:Triturus cristatus
1436:great crested newt
1407:
1394:and, on occasion,
1294:
1271:Terellia vectensis
1258:picture-wing flies
1201:
1147:Bembecia scopigera
1082:Euphydryas aurinia
1053:
1029:Juniperus communis
1013:Thuidium abietinum
1005:Phascum curvicolle
970:Scleranthus annuus
931:Dicranum scoparium
861:mouse-ear hawkweed
842:knapweed broomrape
838:Centaurea scabiosa
806:South West England
776:Astragalus danicus
696:
681:Hippocrepis comosa
619:Leontodon hispidus
595:Koeleria macrantha
591:crested hair-grass
546:
517:experimented with
442:to the south, and
430:to the northwest,
426:to the southwest,
222:
212:Physical geography
143:
1792:Plains of England
1448:Triturus vulgaris
1396:Montagu's harrier
1289:The fairy shrimp
1279:Volucella inflata
1242:Bombus soroeensis
1213:Melitta dimidiata
1114:Hipparchia semele
982:Cirsium tuberosum
942:Sanguisorba minor
925:species) and the
917:Minuartia hybrida
909:Cerastium pumilum
846:Orobanche elatior
786:Succisa pratensis
772:purple milk-vetch
768:Thesium humifusum
744:Polygala calcarea
704:Neotinea ustulata
692:Neotinea ustulata
657:Genista tinctoria
603:Sanguisorba minor
515:Guglielmo Marconi
479:, whose medieval
386:Robin Hood's Ball
132:
131:
124:
106:
71:"Salisbury Plain"
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1753:51.155°N 1.809°W
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1541:Plain Soldiering
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1480:Lacerta vivipara
1472:Natrix helvetica
1405:The stone curlew
1086:brown hairstreak
1078:marsh fritillary
1070:Duke of Burgundy
1040:their survival.
1017:Weissia sterilis
990:Salvia pratensis
978:tuberous thistle
962:Calluna vulgaris
897:hairy rock-cress
834:greater knapweed
822:Pastinaca sativa
764:bastard toadflax
708:slender bedstraw
700:burnt-tip orchid
653:dyer's greenweed
629:) and dropwort (
623:common rock-rose
440:Vespasian's Camp
424:Battlesbury Camp
420:Scratchbury Camp
398:Durrington Walls
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1678:Wayback Machine
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1347:
1338:Cantharis fusca
1317:
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1196:The cuckoo bee
1151:oblique striped
1135:cistus forester
1127:scarce forester
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1106:Argynnis aglaja
1074:Hamearis lucina
1058:
1049:Hamearis lucina
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905:dwarf mouse-ear
850:False-oat grass
677:horseshoe vetch
607:lady's bedstraw
570:
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466:imperial estate
411:Around 600 BC,
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305:Vale of Wardour
285:Cranborne Chase
277:Berkshire Downs
273:Hampshire Downs
265:English Channel
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146:Salisbury Plain
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1692:External links
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1234:Bombus humilis
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1139:Adscita geryon
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1094:chalkhill blue
1090:Thecla betulae
1057:
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954:Ulex europaeus
901:Arabis hirsuta
885:Erophila verna
869:sheep's fescue
760:Thymus praecox
752:Cirsium acaule
740:chalk milkwort
732:squinancy-wort
716:field fleawort
712:Galium pumilum
637:small scabiosa
579:Bromus erectus
569:
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508:Vale of Pewsey
496:chalk carvings
473:strip lynchets
434:to the north,
432:Casterley Camp
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257:Hampshire Avon
238:Vale of Pewsey
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1456:Rana temporia
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1424:great bustard
1421:
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1198:Nomada armata
1194:
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1159:pimpernel pug
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489:sheep farming
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112:November 2009
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1734:
1681:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1651:. Horsepower
1643:
1634:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1597:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1496:Vipera berus
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1408:
1392:corn bunting
1352:stone-curlew
1348:
1336:
1318:
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1303:fairy shrimp
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1000:
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986:Meadow clary
981:
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961:
953:
941:
938:salad burnet
935:
930:
920:
916:
908:
900:
892:
884:
881:whitlowgrass
872:
864:
858:
853:
845:
837:
829:
821:
818:wild parsnip
812:
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751:
743:
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719:
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703:
697:
691:
680:
672:
664:
661:kidney vetch
656:
648:
640:
630:
626:
618:
611:Galium verum
610:
602:
599:salad burnet
594:
586:
578:
571:
562:River Bourne
547:
523:
512:
493:
470:
448:
444:Sidbury Hill
428:Bratton Camp
410:
394:White Barrow
390:long barrows
371:
351:
317:
309:Mendip Hills
281:Dorset Downs
269:Christchurch
254:
242:Bristol Avon
223:
203:
178:, including
173:
145:
144:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1756: /
1684:6 May 2003.
1460:common toad
1452:common frog
1444:smooth newt
1412:hen harrier
1376:nightingale
1327:(bugs) and
1325:Heteroptera
1297:Crustaceans
1062:Adonis blue
1056:Butterflies
810:dwarf sedge
462:Anglo-Saxon
450:Roman roads
374:archaeology
364:for birds.
246:River Wylye
188:arable land
176:archaeology
161:Chalk Group
1771:Categories
1741:51°09′18″N
1514:References
1329:Coleoptera
1321:Orthoptera
1223:cuckoo bee
1210:mining bee
1167:shaded pug
927:broom moss
877:wild thyme
756:wild thyme
583:red fescue
568:Vegetation
542:Netheravon
406:Bronze Age
402:Stonehenge
293:limestones
196:coniferous
194:trees and
180:Stonehenge
139:Stonehenge
82:newspapers
1744:1°48′32″W
1464:Bufo bufo
1380:stonechat
1275:hover fly
997:bryophyte
558:grassland
528:in 1898.
481:cathedral
477:Salisbury
454:Old Sarum
416:hillforts
378:Neolithic
376:. In the
339:A303 road
327:Chitterne
313:Cotswolds
301:Avon Vale
261:Salisbury
169:Hampshire
165:Wiltshire
157:downlands
1674:Archived
1607:Archived
1502:See also
1484:slowworm
1388:wheatear
1384:whinchat
1368:barn owl
1273:and the
1110:grayling
946:dropwort
922:Cladonia
790:saw-wort
669:sainfoin
436:Yarnbury
413:Iron Age
392:such as
388:. Large
345:and the
331:Shrewton
323:Tilshead
319:Amesbury
275:and the
199:woodland
1730:Twitter
1613:4 March
1254:Diptera
1035:Insects
1025:juniper
972:). Two
958:heather
826:hogweed
532:Ecology
368:History
335:hamlets
295:of the
153:plateau
96:scholar
1704:(JNCC)
1490:) and
1458:) and
1416:merlin
1315:Others
1173:) and
1100:) and
966:knawel
944:) and
911:) and
875:) and
832:) and
798:betony
796:) and
770:) and
675:) and
502:. The
458:Villas
307:. The
271:. The
250:Bourne
244:. The
230:plains
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1655:6 May
1492:adder
1360:hobby
1356:quail
1345:Birds
1248:Flies
1120:Moths
950:gorse
554:scrub
289:clays
234:scarp
226:downs
192:beech
150:chalk
148:is a
103:JSTOR
89:books
1657:2024
1615:2013
1418:and
1269:and
1252:The
1204:Bees
1015:and
544:Down
485:wool
438:and
422:and
400:and
356:and
347:A360
343:A345
329:and
303:and
291:and
283:and
255:The
228:and
75:news
1728:on
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100:·
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86:·
79:·
52:.
27:.
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