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equality of expression and of strike participation with the men. And it is along this line of contention that
Michael Wilson's tautly muscled script develops considerable personal drama, raw emotion and power." Crowther called the film "a calculated social document". Michael Wilson, who worked under a
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injunction to the union, meaning any miners who picket will be arrested. Taking advantage of a loophole, the wives picket in their husbands' places. Some men dislike this, seeing it as improper and dangerous. Esperanza is forbidden to picket by Ramón at first, but she eventually joins the line while
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The next day the company evicts the
Quintero family from their house. The union men and women arrive to protest the eviction. Ramón tells Esperanza that they can all fight together. The mass of workers and their families proves successful in saving the Quinteros' home. The company admits defeat and
366:
The sheriff, by company orders, arrests the leading women of the strike. Esperanza is among those taken to jail. When she returns home, Ramón tells her the strike is hopeless, as the company will easily outlast the miners. She insists that the union is stronger than ever and asks Ramón why he can't
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praised the film because of the way people were portrayed doing the real work of unions. According to
Chomsky: "he real work is being done by people who are not known, that's always been true in every popular movement in history...I don't know how you get that across in a film. Actually, come to
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workers go on strike, but the company refuses to negotiate and the impasse continues for months. Esperanza gives birth and, simultaneously, Ramón is beaten by police and jailed on bogus assault charges following an altercation with a union worker who betrayed his fellows. When Ramón is released,
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is, in substance, simply a strong pro-labor film with a particularly sympathetic interest in the
Mexican-Americans with whom it deals....But the real dramatic crux of the picture is the stern and bitter conflict within the membership of the union. It is the issue of whether the women shall have
237:
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vigilantes fired rifle shots at the set, the film's leading lady
Rosaura Revueltas was deported to Mexico, and from time to time a small airplane buzzed noisily overhead ... The film, edited in secret, was stored for safekeeping in an anonymous wooden shack in Los Angeles."
502:
335:, a community which is essentially run and owned by Delaware Zinc Inc. Esperanza is thirty-five years old, pregnant with her third child and emotionally dominated by her husband, Ramón Quintero. We know from her concern about her onomásticos or día de mi/su santo or
558:, or members of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers, Local 890, many of whom were part of the strike that inspired the plot. Juan Chacón, for example, was in real life a union local president. In the film he plays the
562:, who has trouble dealing with women as equals. The director was reluctant to cast him at first, thinking he was too "gentle", but both Revueltas and the director's sister-in-law, Sonja Dahl Biberman, wife of Biberman's brother
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for six months. After his release he directed this film. Other participants who made the film and were blacklisted by the
Hollywood studios include: Paul Jarrico, Will Geer, Rosaura Revueltas, and Michael Wilson.
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Esperanza tells him that he's no good to her in jail. He counters that if the strike succeeds they will not only get better conditions right now but also win hope for their children's futures.
307:. In the film, the company is identified as "Delaware Zinc", and the setting is "Zinctown, New Mexico". The film shows how the miners, the company, and the police react during the strike. In
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really did it. It was a long time ago, but at the time I thought that it was one of the really great movies—and of course it was killed, I think it was almost never shown."
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646:, reviewed the picture favorably, both for its screenplay and direction, writing: "In the light of this agitated history, it is somewhat surprising to find that
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of the film. After its opening night in New York City, the film languished for 10 years because all but 12 theaters in the country refused to screen it.
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plans to negotiate. Esperanza believes that the community has won something no company can ever take away and it will be inherited by her children.
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think of it, there are some films that have done it. I mean, I don't see a lot of visual stuff, so I'm not the best commentator, but I thought
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1265:(via Socialist Viewpoint web site), film article, "Blacklisted Film Restored and Rehabilitated," March 3, 2003. Accessed: August 18, 2013.
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835:(HUAC). This Special Edition with the Hollywood Ten film is still available through Organa at organa.com. In 2004, a budget edition
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style, the producers and director used actual miners and their families as actors in the film. In 1992, the film was added to the
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in the few years after its
American release. The story of the film's suppression, as well as the events it depicted, inspired an
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766:. The film found a new life in the 1960s and gradually reached larger audiences through union halls, women's associations, and
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Brief
Descriptions and Expanded Essays of National Film Registry Titles | Film Registry | National Film Preservation Board
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805:) holds various lectures and forums related to unionism and economic justice. The film is screened on a frequent basis.
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The
Suppression of Salt of the Earth: How Hollywood, Big Labor, and Politicians Blacklisted a Movie in Cold War America
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sponsored it and many blacklisted
Hollywood professionals helped produce it. The union had been expelled from the
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1938:
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Library. Document maintained on server by Gary Handman, Head, Media Resources Center. Accessed: August 17, 2013.
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1727:
1638:"Audible Drops Trailer for 'The Big Lie' Podcast Drama Starring Jon Hamm, Set in '50s Hollywood Blacklist Era"
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With McCarthyism in full force at the time of release, the Hollywood establishment did not embrace the film.
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in 1954, panned it as a simplistic left-wing "morality play" and said it was "as clear a piece of Communist
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Director Herbert Biberman was one of the Hollywood screenwriters and directors who refused to answer the
254:
1626:, "Back to an Era of Slurs, Paranoia and Persecution," 11 January 2002. Last accessed: 22 November 2007.
905:, about the making of the film, was released in 1982 and was directed by Barbara Moss and Stephen Mack.
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947:. Based on source material written by Paul Jerrico, the production features voice performances from
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1747:, by Herbert J. Biberman. Harbor Electronic Publishing, New York (2nd edition, 2004): 1965. See:
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831:, which reported on the ten filmmakers who were blacklisted for refusing to cooperate with the
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770:. The 50th anniversary of the film saw a number of commemorative conferences held across the
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1165:(via FilmSociety - Tri-Pod web site), film review, July 2, 1976. Accessed: August 17, 2013.
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reported that 100% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on eleven reviews.
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accept her as an equal in their marriage. Both angry, they sleep separately that night.
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1220:: The Movie Hollywood Could Not Stop", February 2002 issue. Accessed: August 18, 2013.
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Scott Henkel and Vanessa Fonseca. "Fearless Speech and the Discourse of Civility in
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that it is the 12th November as that is the onomásticos of persons named Esperanza.
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Salt of the Earth Special Edition LaserDisc, Rare LaserDiscs, Criterion LaserDiscs
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The Ladies Auxiliary of the International Union of Mine Mill and Smelter Workers
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A fictionalized account of the movie's production featured prominently in the
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social and political point of view. Its plot centers on a long and difficult
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for some years afterwards, later won an Academy Award for the screenplay of
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The producers cast only five professional actors. The rest were locals from
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commissioned the production. The music was written by David Bishop and the
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On July 27, 1999, a digitally restored print of the film was released in
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For the 2014 film about the works of photographer Sebastião Salgado, see
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by Organa through Geneon (Pioneer), and packaged with the documentary
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for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
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is named after the film. The pro-labor institution (not a college
1599:"A Crime To Fit The Punishment: an interview with the filmmakers"
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798:
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By one journalist's account: "During the course of production in
582:
930:, and was released in European countries on September 29, 2000.
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and want decent working conditions equal to those of white, or "
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1525:"10 Great Films Set in New Mexico – For the State's Centennial"
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Academie du Cinema de Paris: International Grand Prize; 1955.
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The film was called 'subversive' and blacklisted because the
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in 1953, the trade press denounced it as a subversive plot,
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The drama film is one of the first pictures to advance the
610:
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in 1950, over the alleged domination of its leadership by
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1854:
836:
822:
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selected the film for preservation in the United States
1558:
Organization of American Historians Magazine of History
1488:
The Marxist and the movies: a biography of Paul Jarrico
684:
Award for Best Picture, Herbert J. Biberman, received
912:, based on the making of the film, was chronicled in
511:
International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers
2343:
I Do Not Care If We Go Down in History as Barbarians
1864:
article and references for research by Michael Selig
990:
1442:interview with political activists, excerpted from
1309:
Opens at the Grande -- Filming Marked by Violence,"
331:Esperanza Quintero is a miner's wife in Zinc Town,
1872:is available for free viewing and download at the
1551:"Salt of the Earth: Labor, Film, and the Cold War"
2486:Films with screenplays by Michael Wilson (writer)
793:The "Salt of the Earth Labor College" located in
2397:
1548:
858:was not renewed in 1982, the film is now in the
781:linguistics professor and political commentator
2491:History of labor relations in the United States
1596:
1902:
1200:. "A Nation of Immigrants", October 26, 1995.
1351:8th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
898:, on August 25, 2000, to positive reviews.
542:and jailed. Biberman was imprisoned in the
528:in 1947 on questions of affiliation to the
505:Miners and their kids are jailed by the law
2521:United States National Film Registry films
1909:
1895:
1216:(via HistoryNet web site), film article, "
36:
1916:
1311:March 15, 1954. Accessed: April 28, 2019.
894:by Carlos Morton. The opera premiered in
870:The film has been adapted into a two-act
526:House Committee on Un-American Activities
1661:
1635:
1523:Campbell, Christopher (7 January 2012).
1522:
918:(2000). It was produced and directed by
812:
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678:Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
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484:and other members of Mine-Mill Local 890
322:
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1719:
577:investigated the film's financing. The
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1745:Salt of the Earth: The Story of a Film
833:House Un-American Activities Committee
573:for its communist sympathies, and the
571:United States House of Representatives
1890:
1764:, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 19–38
1485:
1234:The Suppression of Salt of the Earth.
779:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
566:, urged him to cast Chacón as Ramón.
2451:Film censorship in the United States
1883:website recovering Salt of the Earth
1720:Lorence, James J. (1 October 1999).
1229:
605:
428:
384:
280:due to their alleged involvement in
1232:"Book review of James J. Lorence's
1001:Latino and Hispanic American portal
742:The film found an audience in both
680:: Best Actress: Rosaura Revueltas;
13:
2461:Films directed by Herbert Biberman
1880:Salt of the Earth Recovery Project
1770:
1179:University of California, Berkeley
456:Charles Coleman as Antonio Morales
440:Ernesto Velázquez as Charley Vidal
437:Henrietta Williams as Teresa Vidal
14:
2547:
2383:A Sudden Glimpse to Deeper Things
1788:
1597:Mimi Rosenberg (7 October 1982).
1549:Carl R. Weinberg (October 2010).
808:
754:audience of unionists, leftists,
468:Víctor Torres as Sebastián Prieto
453:Clorinda Alderette as Luz Morales
21:The Salt of the Earth (2014 film)
1371:People's Weekly World Newspaper,
1007:
993:
729:
544:Federal Correctional Institution
2471:Films set in mining communities
1713:
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1578:Wisconsin Labor History Society
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1428:People's Weekly World Newspaper
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884:University of Wisconsin–Madison
634:as we have had in many years."
443:Ángela Sánchez as Consuelo Ruiz
342:The majority of the miners are
2456:Films about the labor movement
2436:American political drama films
2426:American black-and-white films
1778:McCarthyism vs. Clinton Jencks
1728:University of New Mexico Press
1636:Spangler, Todd (1 June 2022).
1340:. Accessed: November 29, 2009.
1168:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1064:
878:(Hope). The labor movement in
865:
569:The film was denounced by the
459:Virginia Jencks as Ruth Barnes
1:
2501:Films about Mexican Americans
1609:– via Internet Archive.
1053:
903:A Crime to Fit the Punishment
851:in 1987 (catalog # VP1005L).
738:Juan Chacón as Ramón Quintero
721:The film is preserved by the
538:were cited and convicted for
496:
478:William Rockwell as Kimbrough
434:Juan Chacón as Ramón Quintero
16:1954 film by Herbert Biberman
2531:1950s English-language films
2516:1950s Spanish-language films
2327:It's Not the Time of My Life
1987:If All the Guys in the World
1802:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
1782:University of Oklahoma Press
1688:10.1126/science.112.2912.475
1662:Kleitman, Nathaniel (1950).
1492:University Press of Kentucky
1078:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
847:version was released by the
671:
624:, who reviewed the film for
600:
7:
2421:1950s political drama films
1963:The Unforgettable Year 1919
986:
408:Mervin Williams as Hartwell
10:
2552:
2511:Films about social realism
2466:Films scored by Sol Kaplan
2431:American independent films
446:Joe T. Morales as Sal Ruiz
405:as Barton (as David Wolfe)
18:
2167:Prisoner of the Mountains
1925:
1601:. Pacifica Radio Archives
614:Miners before they strike
411:David Sarvis as Alexander
222:
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204:
194:
170:
162:
152:
135:
118:
77:
67:
57:
47:
42:Theatrical release poster
35:
30:
2481:Films shot in New Mexico
1939:The Battle of Stalingrad
1583:21 February 2007 at the
1399:31 December 2006 at the
1058:
915:One of the Hollywood Ten
658:Bridge on the River Kwai
581:called for a nationwide
556:Grant County, New Mexico
481:Floyd Bostick as Jenkins
305:Grant County, New Mexico
179:March 14, 1954
2476:Films set in New Mexico
2094:Shadows of a Hot Summer
2011:And Quiet Flows the Don
1486:Larry, Ceplair (2007).
1465:Labor College web site.
1356:4 November 2013 at the
1196:16 October 2006 at the
1146:Full Synopsis - TCM.com
1135:Full Synopsis - TCM.com
1124:Full Synopsis - TCM.com
1113:Full Synopsis - TCM.com
1102:Full Synopsis - TCM.com
1037:Jencks v. United States
1015:Organized labour portal
424:Non-professional actors
374:
358:The company presents a
318:
166:Independent Productions
2416:1954 independent films
1461:15 August 2020 at the
1446:, The New Press, 2002.
1191:University of Virginia
818:
739:
716:National Film Registry
664:The review aggregator
615:
506:
475:E.A. Rockwell as Vance
328:
313:National Film Registry
245:
2446:Crystal Globe winners
2027:Nine Days in One Year
1422:27 September 2007 at
975:, and was written by
901:A documentary titled
816:
737:
613:
504:
393:as Esperanza Quintero
326:
243:
2536:1950s American films
2411:1950s feminist films
2359:As Far as I Can Walk
1776:Caballero, Raymond.
1407:, December 21, 1999.
1246:on 18 November 2012.
723:Museum of Modern Art
540:contempt of Congress
187: (New York City)
2086:White Bim Black Ear
1680:1950Sci...112R.475K
1444:Understanding Power
1262:The Washington Post
854:Because the film's
712:Library of Congress
530:Communist Party USA
380:Professional actors
363:carrying her baby.
327:Esperanza and Ramón
301:Empire Zinc Company
263:Herbert J. Biberman
253:is a 1954 American
52:Herbert J. Biberman
2506:Films about mining
2231:A Children's Story
2062:Taming of the Fire
1955:Dream of a Cossack
1947:The Fall of Berlin
1844:TCM Movie Database
1624:The New York Times
1321:Articles - TCM.com
1300:The New York Times
1297:Crowther, Bosley.
1275:Articles - TCM.com
1240:culturevulture.net
1230:Wake, Bob (2001).
1027:, documentary film
969:Giancarlo Esposito
944:The Big Lie (2022)
896:Madison, Wisconsin
819:
740:
643:The New York Times
640:, film critic for
616:
507:
329:
265:, and produced by
246:
111:Henrietta Williams
2393:
2392:
2319:Bob and the Trees
2215:Year of the Devil
2070:A Lover's Romance
2046:Capricious Summer
1979:Salt of the Earth
1869:Salt of the Earth
1861:Salt of the Earth
1850:Salt of the Earth
1839:Salt of the Earth
1828:Salt of the Earth
1817:Salt of the Earth
1809:Salt of the Earth
1796:Salt of the Earth
1758:Salt of the Earth
1490:. Lexington, KY:
1456:Salt of the Earth
1405:Picturing Justice
1333:Salt of the Earth
1307:Salt of the Earth
1218:Salt of the Earth
1175:The Hollywood Ten
1162:Los Angeles Times
1072:Salt of the Earth
1024:The Hollywood Ten
957:Ana de la Reguera
828:The Hollywood Ten
788:Salt of the Earth
760:Mexican-Americans
725:in New York City.
648:Salt of the Earth
606:Critical response
493:
492:
420:
419:
391:Rosaura Revueltas
344:Mexican-Americans
250:Salt of the Earth
241:
230:
229:
105:Ernesto Velázquez
85:Rosaura Revueltas
31:Salt of the Earth
2543:
2526:1954 drama films
2367:Summer with Hope
2279:The Mosquito Net
2078:Cantata de Chile
1911:
1904:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1874:Internet Archive
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1286:Culture Vulture,
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1242:. Archived from
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1214:American History
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973:David Strathairn
961:Bradley Whitford
886:opera professor
839:was released by
429:
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360:Taft-Hartley Act
242:
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125:Stanley Meredith
40:
28:
27:
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2375:Blaga's Lessons
2335:Little Crusader
2151:My Soul Brother
2140:No award (1990)
2126:A Street to Die
2041:No award (1966)
1921:
1915:
1791:
1773:
1771:Further reading
1738:
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1644:
1634:
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1620:Holden, Stephen
1618:
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1585:Wayback Machine
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1463:Wayback Machine
1454:
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1434:
1430:, May 22, 2003.
1415:
1411:
1401:Wayback Machine
1392:
1388:
1381:
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1369:
1365:
1358:Wayback Machine
1348:
1344:
1338:Rotten Tomatoes
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1303:, film review,
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1257:Hockstader, Lee
1255:
1251:
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465:as Frank Barnes
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2003:Stepbrothers
2001:
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1971:True Friends
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1722:
1714:Bibliography
1671:
1667:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1592:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1518:
1487:
1481:
1470:
1451:
1443:
1440:Noam Chomsky
1435:
1427:
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1389:
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1361:. kviff.com.
1349:
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1244:the original
1239:
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1157:Gross, Linda
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981:Jamie Napoli
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920:Karl Francis
913:
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900:
888:Karlos Moser
875:
869:
853:
826:
820:
802:
792:
787:
783:Noam Chomsky
776:
768:film schools
741:
700:(Carlsbad),
698:Karlovy Vary
693:True Friends
691:
685:
663:
656:
653:nom de plume
652:
647:
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622:Pauline Kael
620:
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365:
357:
341:
330:
299:against the
286:
267:Paul Jarrico
249:
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247:
196:Running time
172:Release date
102:David Sarvis
72:Paul Jarrico
25:
2496:McCarthyism
2311:Corn Island
2287:Restoration
2199:Me You Them
2183:Streetheart
2144:Krapatchouk
2118:Leo Tolstoy
2102:The Fiancee
1853:segment at
1394:Waring, Rob
866:Adaptations
841:Alpha Video
752:underground
560:protagonist
403:David Bauer
297:1951 strike
271:blacklisted
257:written by
108:Juan Chacón
95:David Wolfe
68:Produced by
48:Directed by
2406:1954 films
2400:Categories
2351:The Father
2247:Sherrybaby
2239:My Nikifor
1995:Jagte Raho
1780:. Norman:
1054:References
1031:Jencks Act
922:, starred
910:drama film
632:propaganda
590:New Mexico
519:communists
497:Production
399:as Sheriff
333:New Mexico
309:neorealist
284:politics.
255:drama film
200:94 minutes
183:1954-03-14
157:Sol Kaplan
145:Ed Spiegel
142:Joan Laird
2110:Red Bells
1587:web site.
1529:IndieWire
1510:182624495
953:Kate Mara
937:original
880:Wisconsin
876:Esperanza
856:copyright
845:laserdisc
756:feminists
672:Accolades
601:Reception
548:Texarkana
397:Will Geer
352:unionized
282:communist
275:Hollywood
226:$ 250,000
213:Languages
136:Edited by
90:Will Geer
2255:Jar City
2159:The Ride
1833:AllMovie
1750:Cineaste
1696:14781822
1605:15 March
1581:Archived
1563:15 March
1534:15 March
1459:Archived
1420:Archived
1397:Archived
1354:Archived
1194:Archived
987:See also
949:Jon Hamm
941:series,
892:libretto
690:also by
687:Ex aequo
661:(1957).
337:Name Day
289:feminist
153:Music by
78:Starring
2090:–
2035:Accused
2007:–
1975:–
1920:winners
1842:at the
1799:at the
1784:, 2019.
1762:Chiricú
1704:9356643
1676:Bibcode
1668:Science
1647:21 June
1642:Variety
1075:at the
939:podcast
935:Audible
874:called
799:Arizona
744:Western
704:; 1954.
583:boycott
273:by the
218:Spanish
216:English
205:Country
181: (
2386:(2024)
2378:(2023)
2370:(2022)
2362:(2021)
2354:(2019)
2346:(2018)
2338:(2017)
2330:(2016)
2322:(2015)
2314:(2014)
2306:(2013)
2298:(2012)
2290:(2011)
2282:(2010)
2274:(2009)
2266:(2008)
2258:(2007)
2250:(2006)
2242:(2005)
2234:(2004)
2226:(2003)
2218:(2002)
2210:(2001)
2207:Amélie
2202:(2000)
2194:(1999)
2186:(1998)
2178:(1997)
2170:(1996)
2162:(1995)
2154:(1994)
2146:(1992)
2137:(1988)
2129:(1986)
2121:(1984)
2113:(1982)
2105:(1980)
2097:(1978)
2081:(1976)
2073:(1974)
2065:(1972)
2057:(1970)
2049:(1968)
2038:(1964)
2030:(1962)
2022:(1960)
2014:(1958)
1998:(1957)
1990:(1956)
1982:(1954)
1966:(1952)
1958:(1951)
1950:(1950)
1942:(1949)
1934:(1948)
1754:&
1734:
1702:
1694:
1508:
1498:
971:, and
803:per se
795:Tucson
762:, and
564:Edward
532:. The
488:
415:
293:strike
223:Budget
1700:S2CID
1554:(PDF)
1373:ibid.
1288:ibid.
1059:Notes
872:opera
348:Anglo
1822:IMDb
1732:ISBN
1692:PMID
1649:2022
1607:2018
1565:2018
1536:2018
1506:OCLC
1496:ISBN
979:and
926:and
882:and
843:. A
746:and
375:Cast
319:Plot
2054:Kes
1855:NPR
1831:at
1820:at
1760:."
1684:doi
1672:112
1336:at
837:DVD
823:DVD
575:FBI
546:at
515:CIO
303:in
2402::
1730:.
1726:.
1698:.
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1706:.
1686::
1678::
1651:.
1567:.
1538:.
1512:.
1305:"
1236:"
1081:.
185:)
23:.
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