1091:
1179:
985:(DFL) State Convention in June 1972, delegates voted to add a plank to the party platform supporting same-sex marriage rights. This is the first known case of support by a major United States political party for same-sex marriage, though it is worth noting that many DFL state representatives disassociated themselves from the plank and the DFL party rules subsequently changed to make amendments to the party platform much harder to achieve for future conventions.
1013:
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3796:
3784:
816:
1181:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1185:
1183:
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The law took effect on July 1, 2013, and
Minnesota has recognized the validity of same-sex marriage from other jurisdictions since then. The state began issuing its own marriage certificates to same-sex couples on August 1, 2013. Margaret Miles and Cathy ten Broeke were the first couple to be married
1050:
On May 11, 2011, the
Minnesota Senate passed a bill by 37 votes to 27 to place a proposed amendment to the State Constitution on the ballot that would ban same-sex marriage, though not civil unions. It passed the House ten days later 70–62. The question presented to voters on the ballot on November
2157:
Letter addressed to Gerald R. Nelson, Clerk of
District Court, from George M. Scot, County Attorney. "The consequences of an interpretation of our marriage statutes which would permit males to enter into the marriage contract could be to result in an undermining and destruction of the entire legal
1401:
42 million over the course of three years, with a boost of $ 27 million in the first year alone. This net impact would be the result of savings in expenditures on state means-tested public benefit programs and an increase in state income and sales tax revenue.
1323:
individuals who were born male but wore women's clothing and performed everyday household work and artistic handiwork which were regarded as belonging to the feminine sphere. The Ojibwe people have traditionally recognized two-spirit individuals, known in the
1051:
8, 2012 read: "Shall the
Minnesota Constitution be amended to provide that only a union of one man and one woman shall be valid or recognized as a marriage in Minnesota?" The amendment was defeated by Minnesota voters, making Minnesota the first
888:, to legalize marriage between same-sex couples, and the first in the region to do so by enacting legislation rather than by court order. Minnesota was the first state to reject a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, though
2314:. . . "The September 3, 1971 marriage of James Michael McConnell and Pat Lyn McConnell, a/k/a Richard John Baker, has never been dissolved or annulled by judicial decree and no grounds currently exist on which to invalidate the marriage."
1223:. Other committees of each chamber reviewed the financial impact of the legislation on 6 and 7 May. On May 9, 2013, the House passed the legislation by a vote of 75–59, with all but two Democrats voting for the bill and all but four
1206:
planned to focus early in the session on "kitchen-table issues" of improving the economy and creating jobs and would wait at least a month or two before pressing for the legalization of same-sex marriage. On
February 28, 2013,
1384:
when the men's wives were pregnant or menstruating, and therefore when sexual intercourse was forbidden to them. The two-spirit status thus allowed for marriages between two biological males to be performed in these tribes.
1182:
3738:
4345:
1410:
Approximately 1,640 same-sex couples married in
Minnesota from August to September 2013, representing about one-third of all marriages performed during that time. 75% of same-sex marriage licenses were issued in
961:
accepted their appeal but declined to review the case. On
October 10, 1972, a one-sentence order said, "The appeal is dismissed for want of a substantial federal question." In early 1971, the couple in question,
1238:
before a crowd of 6,000 people. Under the provisions of the legislation, the first same-sex marriage were likely to take place on August 1, 2013. The legislation also gives
Minnesota courts authority over
978:, conducted the ceremony at a private home. Because the license was never revoked, their wedding became the earliest same-sex marriage ever to be recorded in the public files of any civil government.
1202:
and
Senator Marty announced plans to introduce same-sex marriage legislation in 2013. They and legislative leaders expressed varying views on its prospects. In January 2013, Senator Dibble said
1215:, was introduced in the Minnesota Legislature to legalize same-sex marriage in the state. On March 12, both the Senate and House policy committees passed the same version of the marriage bill,
3383:
3096:
4414:
1267:
A civil marriage, so far as its validity in law is concerned, is a civil contract between two persons, to which the consent of the parties, capable in law of contracting, is essential.
634:
3524:
1442:
registries allowing unmarried same-sex and opposite-sex couples the right to obtain a certificate signifying that they are not related by blood and are committed to each other.
3834:
2936:
2612:
1078:
who featured in numerous advertisements opposing the amendment. The main organization to support the amendment was
Minnesota for Marriage, which was supported by the state's
3854:
1430:
showed that there were 10,049 married same-sex couple households (4,240 male couples and 5,809 female couples) and 7,808 unmarried same-sex couple households in Minnesota.
1419:
counties. Approximately 1,433 marriage licenses were issued in the twelve counties that rejected Minnesota Amendment 1 in 2012. Of the counties that favored the amendment,
1227:
voting against. On May 13, 2013, the Senate passed the bill on a vote of 37–30, with all but three Democrats voting for the bill and all but one Republican voting against.
3870:
2802:
666:
Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
4227:
2304:
4436:
3930:
650:
3948:
3473:
707:
A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
2180:. "Marriage, so far as its validity in law is concerned, is a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties, capable in law of contracting, is essential."
608:
604:
446:
3958:
3224:
4314:
600:
565:
299:
974:. Baker's name change to Pat Lyn may have encouraged county officials to assume they were a heterosexual couple. Reverend Roger Lynn, a minister from the
3963:
3342:
3935:
3923:
3827:
4304:
3918:
2494:
998:
as "binding precedent". Marry Me Minnesota, founded by same-sex couples for the purpose of suing the state, announced plans to appeal the decision.
2516:
864:
since August 1, 2013. Same-sex marriages have been recognized if performed in other jurisdictions since July 1, 2013, and the state began issuing
982:
953:
affirmed a lower court decision to prohibit marriages between same-sex partners, noting that its interpretation of state law did not violate the
4366:
530:
2664:
2373:
4294:
3820:
1243:
proceedings in the case of a same-sex couple married in Minnesota when neither party resides in a state that recognizes their marriage. Some
3121:
1426:
The Minnesota State Demographer's office announced that there were 8,594 married same-sex couple households in the state in July 2016. The
335:
330:
149:
3531:
2620:
421:
404:
4386:
3886:
1277:
463:
393:
388:
4337:
4017:
3896:
2749:
1319:
cultures, there is evidence for identities and behaviours that may be placed on the LGBT spectrum. Many of these cultures recognized
844:
535:
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426:
304:
289:
284:
2944:
2335:
4263:
3583:
3432:
525:
515:
453:
325:
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294:
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estimated in April 2013 that if marriage were extended to same-sex couples in Minnesota, the state would see an economic boost of
4253:
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3891:
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1203:
975:
416:
411:
398:
353:
340:
309:
229:
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4235:
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2106:
520:
234:
3162:
3065:
2702:
1316:
3364:
3843:
2198:
The U.S. Supreme Court was required to accept an appeal of the court's "opinion" as a matter of right, a practice that the
174:
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4167:
4132:
3232:
1864:
1810:
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570:
555:
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4441:
4361:
4245:
4207:
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4072:
3634:
2999:
2763:
2293:
Sources: Michael McConnell Files, "America's First Gay Marriage" (binder #4), Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies,
2213:
Sources: Michael McConnell Files, "America's First Gay Marriage" (binder #3), Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies,
2087:
The margin of error for the national survey was ± 0.82 percentage points at the 95% level of confidence, including the
1136:
1028:
958:
914:
154:
3577:
3481:
2642:
1213:
Marriage between two persons provided for, and exemptions and protections based in religious associations provided for
4391:
4332:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4137:
3500:
2974:
2412:
2402:
2200:
1999:
954:
906:
716:
Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
199:
31:
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4002:
3695:
1281:
1095:
963:
942:
214:
179:
4122:
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In May 2010, Marry Me Minnesota, a gay rights organization, sued the state of Minnesota, challenging the state's
159:
99:
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4446:
4381:
4212:
4177:
4057:
3590:
64:
59:
3350:
2560:
2148:
Sources: Michael McConnell Files, "Full Equality, a diary", (volume 2ab), Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies,
2126:
4371:
4197:
4147:
4127:
4102:
4092:
4077:
4067:
4052:
4032:
4007:
3997:
3987:
3754:
3659:
1305:
1244:
1224:
837:
510:
224:
194:
189:
94:
3015:
2220:
October Term, 1972: "Appellee's Motion to Dismiss Appeal and Brief" by George M. Scott, County Attorney
1090:
917:
refused to hear the case on appeal. This decision would finally be repealed on June 26, 2015 in the case of
774:
Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse recognized for residency rights.
4376:
4217:
4192:
4097:
4037:
4012:
3982:
3972:
3554:
3298:
3078:
2502:
1060:
1056:
967:
889:
347:
239:
144:
134:
124:
119:
114:
109:
74:
69:
54:
1131:, announced plans to introduce a bill legalizing same-sex marriage. On February 19, 2009, a bill to allow
4152:
4107:
4047:
4022:
3977:
545:
219:
209:
184:
169:
139:
129:
84:
79:
2026:
1972:
1891:
1556:
4451:
4182:
4062:
4027:
3800:
3603:
3517:
1412:
1066:
The amendment was opposed by the grassroot organization Minnesotans United for All Families. President
1007:
869:
736:
695:
505:
500:
437:
204:
164:
89:
3045:
2264:
1945:
1918:
4299:
4187:
4142:
4042:
2053:
1491:
1427:
1285:
892:
rejected one in 2006 that banned all legal recognition and later approved one banning only marriage.
885:
762:
691:
375:
104:
3649:
3569:
3559:
3540:
2101:
1416:
1293:
881:
830:
1446:
was the first city to establish a domestic partnership registry in the state in 1991, followed by
2149:
1511:
1235:
1191:
1116:
990:
950:
902:
3206:
2404:
Bringing Lesbian and Gay Rights Into the Mainstream: Twenty Years of Progress (pp. 26 & 27)
2352:
William N. Eskridg Jr. and Christopher R. Riano, "Marriage Equality: From Outlaws to In-Laws",
1783:
1487:
1420:
1121:
1036:
540:
3317:
2387:
Michael McConnell Files, "America's First Gay Marriage" , Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies,
725:
Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
1256:
1228:
1107:
1079:
895:
Minnesota is also where one of the first same-sex marriage cases in the world took place. In
873:
2817:"Largest Minnesota counties to make same-sex marriage license applications available June 6"
3743:
1499:
1439:
1398:
919:
621:
550:
22:
8:
3748:
3731:
1754:
1725:
1696:
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1638:
1609:
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1551:
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1438:
Eighteen cities in Minnesota, covering a total population of more than one million, have
1172:
2538:
3812:
3644:
3639:
3451:
3273:
2963:
2816:
2472:"Minnesota Secretary of State: Constitutional Amendments and the 2012 General Election"
2303:
18 September 2018: CONCLUSIONS OF LAW by Assistant Chief Judge Gregory Anderson, at 4;
1503:
1495:
1471:
1394:
1381:
1376:
men without indication of polygyny, but some remained unmarried and lived in their own
3139:
2867:
3624:
3496:
2995:
2970:
2727:
2408:
1467:
1447:
1071:
994:, which was passed in 1997. The trial court dismissed the suit in March 2011, citing
857:
560:
44:
2911:
3739:
Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies
1507:
1455:
1152:
1032:
971:
865:
686:
2471:
2458:
1837:
4346:
Cities and counties in the United States offering a domestic partnership registry
3597:
3299:"St. Louis Park passes final vote on domestic partnership registration ordinance"
3187:
2892:
2842:
2459:
Abbey Simons, "Judge dismisses challenge to gay marriage barriers," March 8, 2011
2276:
Newsletter (p. 6), "Hidden Treasures from the Stacks", September 2013;
2258:
1348:
1325:
1156:
1063:. Minnesota's constitutional amendment proposal was rejected by 51.9% of voters.
937:
897:
2239:
3685:
2365:
Source: resolution 71.d; Richard Moe (Chairman), "The 1972 DFL Platform",
1451:
1144:
1098:
same-sex marriage performed following passage of the revised marriage statute,
868:
to same-sex couples on August 1, 2013. After 51.9% of state voters rejected a
4430:
3710:
3046:"Estimating the Economic Boost of Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in Minnesota"
2434:
2088:
1483:
1479:
1463:
1459:
1312:
1301:
1263:. The definition of marriage in the state of Minnesota is now the following:
1199:
1160:
1148:
946:
3788:
3705:
3690:
3680:
3654:
3455:
1067:
820:
748:
3490:
3715:
1443:
1252:
1231:
1140:
1132:
1099:
1075:
1044:
1020:
1016:
877:
742:
694:
obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of
270:
2779:"Minnesota Legalizes Gay Marriage: Gov. Mark Dayton Signs Bill Into Law"
1247:
announced plans to make marriage licenses available as early as June 6.
1012:
3629:
2965:
Men as women, women as men: changing gender in Native American cultures
2331:
2158:
concept of our family structure in all areas of law." May 1970, page 6.
1759:
1730:
1701:
1672:
1643:
1614:
1585:
1320:
1308:
was performed on November 15, 2013 for Arnold and Matthew Dahl-Wooley.
1260:
1164:
1128:
1052:
949:
in which a same-sex couple sued for marriage rights. In late 1971, the
3492:
The wedding heard 'round the world : America's first gay marriage
3198:
1311:
While there are no records of same-sex marriages as understood from a
1175:. The bill failed to get a hearing by the Senate Judiciary Committee.
3766:
1373:
861:
3509:
3474:"HF 1054 Status in the House for the 88th Legislature (2013 - 2014)"
3122:"One Million Minnesotans Now Covered by Domestic Partner Registries"
2665:"HF 1054 Status in the House for the 88th Legislature (2013 - 2014)"
2643:"HF 1054 Status in the House for the 88th Legislature (2013 - 2014)"
2224:
2128:
Marriage equality in Minnesota: A gay-rights victory in the Midwest
1362:
1344:
1339:
1234:
signed the bill into law on May 14, 2013 on the south steps of the
1168:
1040:
910:
783:
Hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
653:. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and
2728:"Minnesota House approves gay marriage bill after two-hour debate"
752:–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
698:. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
3023:
2519:. Minnesota Legislature – Office of the Revisor of Statutes. 2007
1240:
1111:
3274:"Golden Valley is 7th city to approve domestic partner registry"
2750:"In historic vote, Minnesota Senate approves same-sex marriage"
2703:"Gay marriage clears Minnesota House panel; floor vote on hold"
1289:
1023:
at a "Vote No" rally against Minnesota Amendment 1 in June 2012
3225:"Rochester City Council passes domestic-partnership ordinance"
1114:
ban on same-sex marriage shortly after passage of the federal
880:
signed on May 14, 2013. Minnesota was the second state in the
3855:
Rights and responsibilities of marriages in the United States
2937:"8th US Native American tribe allows same-sex couples to wed"
2588:"Same-sex marriage supporters want to move quickly on a bill"
2498:
2336:"Meet the Gay Men Whose 1971 Marriage Was Finally Recognized"
1057:
rejected a ban on same-sex marriages and civil unions in 2006
1055:
to reject a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. Arizona
611:
in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
3871:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
3384:"Falcon Heights is 12th city with domestic partner registry"
876:
passed a same-sex marriage bill in May 2013, which Governor
2910:. Minnesota American Indian Bar Association. Archived from
2868:"1st to tie the knot: Margaret Miles, and Cathy ten Broeke"
2662:
2517:"Minnesota Statutes 2007 – Chapter 517. Domestic Relations"
1377:
1027:
In 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2009, bills were introduced to the
3079:"Reality Check: 5 Years Of Same-Sex Marriage In Minnesota"
2613:"State senator promises gay marriage bill in 2013 session"
1001:
2764:"Dayton signs same-sex marriage bill at Capitol ceremony"
2679:
2367:
Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor State Central Committee
3931:
Public opinion of same-sex marriage in the United States
3842:
3489:
McConnell, Michael; Baker, Jack; Karwoski, Gail (2016).
2893:
2015 Minnesota Statutes 517.01 CIVIL MARRIAGE CONTRACT.
2317:"The marriage is declared to be in all respects valid".
1405:
1070:
also expressed his opposition to the amendment, as did
3488:
1276:
Same-sex marriage is legal on the reservations of the
3433:"Eagan City Council passes domestic partner registry"
981:
Responding to the state Supreme Court ruling, at the
905:
held unanimously in 1972 that it did not violate the
3066:
Gay couples claim 1 in 3 Minnesota marriage licenses
2680:"Minn. House, Senate Panels Pass-Gay-Marriage-Bills"
1347:
households. Two-spirit individuals are known in the
599:Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the
3936:Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States
3495:. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
3449:
2962:
2561:"Same-sex marriage bill introduced in legislature"
1523:Public opinion for same-sex marriage in Minnesota
1043:to unions between a man and a woman and outlawing
3944:
3919:History of same-sex marriage in the United States
3452:"Eden Prairie OKs registry for domestic partners"
3407:"Shorewood OKs domestic partnership registration"
3248:"Maplewood passes domestic partnership ordinance"
1151:. A same-sex marriage bill was introduced to the
4428:
3365:"Same-sex couples can now register in Shoreview"
1255:at midnight on August 1, 2013, in a ceremony at
1061:adopted a ban on only same-sex marriages in 2008
4437:Same-sex marriage in the United States by state
3163:"Duluth to offer domestic partner certificates"
872:to ban same-sex marriage in November 2012, the
860:has been fully recognized in the U.S. state of
2300:Fifth Judicial District, File #07-CV-16-4559;
531:Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas
3828:
3525:
3318:"Red Wing to recognize domestic partnerships"
2223:page 7: "Questions Raised by This Appeal Are
838:
2720:
2400:
2369:(9-11 June 1972 at Rochester, MN)
2163:
1367:
1352:
1329:
1155:on March 5, 2009. Its authors were senators
1035:to have voters consider an amendment to the
3265:
3076:
2989:
2960:
2663:Minnesota State Legislature (10 May 2013).
273:or registered partnerships but not marriage
3887:Recognition of same-sex unions in Colorado
3835:
3821:
3532:
3518:
2843:"New 2013 Minnesota Laws in Effect July 1"
2330:
1304:tribe. The first same-sex marriage on the
1278:Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
1271:
845:
831:
3897:Recognition of same-sex unions in Florida
3343:"Richfield to Recognize Same-Sex Couples"
3239:
1423:issued the most marriage licenses at 31.
536:Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania
3404:
3381:
3271:
3207:"Edina passes domestic partner registry"
3188:"St. Paul OKs domestic partner registry"
3132:
1433:
1177:
1089:
1085:
1011:
797:
795:
633:Neither performed nor recognized in six
526:Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe
516:Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa
4354:
3892:Recognition of same-sex unions in Texas
3879:
3761:Transgender HIV/AIDS Prevention Program
3450:Mary Jane Smetanka (January 24, 2012).
3160:
2956:
2954:
2840:
2244:Minnesota Legislative Reference Library
2232:
2192:
1002:Efforts to amend the State Constitution
983:Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
976:Hennepin Avenue United Methodist Church
4429:
3430:
3245:
3204:
3154:
2287:
2107:Same-sex marriage in the United States
1380:, and were visited by married men for
1361:
521:Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia
3816:
3539:
3513:
3405:Dillmann, Chris (November 25, 2011).
3315:
2814:
2700:
2677:
2585:
2492:
2474:. sos.state.mn.us. September 24, 2012
1338:
792:
660:
645:
643:
595:
593:
3844:Same-sex unions in the United States
3272:Smetanka, Mary (November 17, 2010).
3097:"PCT1405 Couple Households, By Type"
2951:
2841:Miranda, Maricella (June 28, 2013).
2776:
2282:The National Archives at Kansas City
1406:Demographics and marriage statistics
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
649:Neither performed nor recognized in
620:Neither performed nor recognized in
381:
277:
2943:. November 16, 2013. Archived from
1190:Rally for same-sex marriage at the
1139:, and sponsored by representatives
765:, but they are not legally binding.
571:LGBT rights by country or territory
13:
3349:, January 25, 2011, archived from
2992:Encyclopedia of Gender and Society
2539:"Key dates in gay marriage debate"
1755:Public Religion Research Institute
1726:Public Religion Research Institute
1697:Public Religion Research Institute
1668:Public Religion Research Institute
1639:Public Religion Research Institute
1610:Public Religion Research Institute
1581:Public Religion Research Institute
1552:Public Religion Research Institute
1388:
1137:Minnesota House of Representatives
1029:Minnesota House of Representatives
761:Some cities and prefectures issue
640:
622:Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands
590:
14:
4463:
3466:
3382:Aslanian, Sasha (July 28, 2011).
3375:
2994:. Vol. 1. SAGE. p. 64.
2678:Baskt, Brian (December 5, 2011).
2619:. January 2, 2013. Archived from
2586:Budig, T.W. (December 19, 2012).
2541:. Star Tribune. December 18, 2008
2201:Supreme Court Case Selections Act
1517:
1198:In December 2012, Representative
955:Constitution of the United States
913:to opposite-sex couples, and the
669:
4409:
4408:
3795:
3794:
3782:
3696:Michael McConnell and Jack Baker
3431:Birkey, Andy (January 4, 2012).
3246:Nelson, Tim (November 9, 2010).
2815:Olson, Rochelle (May 30, 2013).
2752:. startribune.com. May 14, 2013.
2240:"Same-Sex Marriage in Minnesota"
2169:"Minnesota Statutes Annotated",
1731:April 29, 2015 – January 7, 2016
964:Michael McConnell and Jack Baker
926:
814:
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2694:
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2656:
2635:
2605:
2579:
2553:
2531:
2509:
2486:
2464:
2448:
2421:
2394:
2389:U of M Libraries
2381:
2359:
2346:
2324:
2295:U of M Libraries
2270:
2250:
2207:
2151:U of M Libraries
2142:
2119:
1815:September 20 – October 1, 2014
1760:April 2, 2014 – January 4, 2015
1702:May 18, 2016 – January 10, 2017
1315:perspective being performed in
1298:Prairie Island Indian Community
777:
768:
755:
728:
719:
3609:Same-sex marriage in Minnesota
3591:In re Guardianship of Kowalski
3316:Brett, Brouse (May 24, 2011).
3231:, July 7, 2010, archived from
2730:. startribune.com. May 9, 2013
2667:. Minnesota State Legislature.
2401:Steve Endean (13 April 2006).
1811:New York Times/CBS News/YouGov
1282:Grand Portage Band of Chippewa
1047:that offer comparable rights.
710:
701:
627:
614:
1:
3755:The Toilers and the Wayfarers
3660:Queer Student Cultural Center
3205:Birkey, Andy (June 2, 2010).
3161:Kimball, Joe (May 29, 2009).
2969:. University of Texas Press.
2777:Wong, Curtis (May 14, 2013).
2372:Mocked by leadership as the "
2112:
1644:January 7 – December 20, 2020
1306:Leech Lake Indian Reservation
511:Timeline of same-sex marriage
3665:Twin Cities Gay Men's Chorus
3555:East-Central Minnesota Pride
3077:Pat Kessler (9 March 2018).
2701:Boldt, Megan (May 7, 2013).
2565:Minnesota Christian Examiner
2495:"Minnesota election results"
1586:March 11 – December 14, 2022
635:British Overseas Territories
7:
3635:Bisexual Organizing Project
3101:United States Census Bureau
2803:518.07 Residence of Parties
2682:. SF Gate. Associated Press
2095:
1673:April 5 – December 23, 2017
1340:[niːʒmaˈnɪˌdoːˌwak]
1292:tribes forming part of the
931:
546:Divorce of same-sex couples
10:
4468:
3604:2012 Minnesota Amendment 1
3016:"Dakota online dictionary"
2493:MSNBC (November 7, 2012).
2215:U of M Libraries
1615:March 8 – November 9, 2021
1557:March 9 – December 7, 2023
1008:2012 Minnesota Amendment 1
1005:
506:Same-sex union court cases
501:Same-sex union legislation
4442:LGBTQ rights in Minnesota
4404:
4331:
4282:
4244:
4226:
3957:
3909:
3863:
3850:
3776:
3724:
3673:
3617:
3568:
3547:
3126:The Minnesota Independent
2766:. MPR News. May 14, 2013.
2178:Marriage a civil contract
1286:Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe
692:European Court of Justice
4305:Northern Mariana Islands
3650:Black Visions Collective
3437:Twin Cities Daily Planet
3386:. Minnesota Public Radio
2821:Minneapolis Star Tribune
2461:, accessed March 9, 2011
2171:West Publishing Co.
2102:LGBT rights in Minnesota
1294:Minnesota Chippewa Tribe
870:constitutional amendment
763:partnership certificates
3140:"Domestic Partnerships"
2805:, accessed May 12, 2013
2091:for the survey of 1.56.
1368:
1353:
1272:Native American nations
1236:Minnesota State Capitol
1192:Minnesota State Capitol
1117:Defense of Marriage Act
991:Defense of Marriage Act
951:Minnesota Supreme Court
903:Minnesota Supreme Court
734:Courts have recognised
607:. May be registered in
3252:Minnesota Public Radio
2990:O'Brien, Jodi (2009).
2004:May 31 – June 3, 2012
1977:September 10–11, 2012
1838:Star Tribune Minnesota
1546:Do not know / refused
1343:). Many were wives in
1330:
1269:
1195:
1135:was introduced to the
1127:In late 2008, Senator
1122:United States Congress
1103:
1037:Minnesota Constitution
1024:
945:in the history of the
541:Marriage privatization
4447:2013 in LGBTQ history
4338:domestic partnerships
3584:Barrier v. Vasterling
3484:on February 16, 2015.
3020:dictionary.swodli.com
2947:on November 19, 2013.
2354:Yale University Press
2267: (U.S. 1972).
2183:Chapter 517.03:
2176:Chapter 517.01:
2054:Public Policy Polling
2027:Public Policy Polling
2000:Public Policy Polling
1973:Public Policy Polling
1946:Public Policy Polling
1919:Public Policy Polling
1892:Public Policy Polling
1434:Domestic partnerships
1265:
1257:Minneapolis City Hall
1189:
1108:Minnesota Legislature
1102:, August 1, 2013
1093:
1086:Same-sex marriage law
1015:
874:Minnesota Legislature
601:Caribbean Netherlands
4295:District of Columbia
3744:BECAUSE (conference)
3371:, September 22, 2011
3142:. OutFront Minnesota
2961:Sabine Lang (1998).
2623:on February 16, 2013
2505:on November 9, 2012.
2376:", admired by peers.
2185:Marriages prohibited
2131:, September 13, 2013
2031:January 21–22, 2012
1926:1,164 likely voters
1896:January 18–20, 2013
1818:2,562 likely voters
1440:domestic partnership
1259:officiated by Mayor
1211:, officially titled
920:Obergefell v. Hodges
551:Domestic partnership
4315:U.S. Virgin Islands
3749:Larry Craig scandal
3478:MN Revisor's Office
3128:, February 10, 2011
2783:Huffpost Gay Voices
2356:(2020), Chapter 24.
1923:November 2–3, 2012
1531:Dates administered
1524:
1194:, May 13, 2013
1173:Patricia Torres Ray
651:some tribal nations
566:Listings by country
376:Minimal recognition
3645:Quatrefoil Library
3640:OutFront Minnesota
3578:Transgender rights
3353:on August 26, 2011
3305:, January 26, 2011
3053:Williams Institute
2430:Marry Me Minnesota
1980:824 likely voters
1953:937 likely voters
1950:October 5–8, 2012
1869:April 19–21, 2013
1522:
1395:Williams Institute
1382:sexual intercourse
1245:Minnesota counties
1196:
1104:
1025:
959:U.S. Supreme Court
915:U.S. Supreme Court
801:Not yet in effect.
23:LGBT rights series
4452:2013 in Minnesota
4424:
4423:
4400:
4399:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
3905:
3904:
3810:
3809:
3625:Twin Cities Pride
3541:LGBT in Minnesota
3026:on March 21, 2024
2905:"Title 1. Courts"
2334:(March 1, 2019).
2079:
2078:
1842:June 11–13, 2013
1788:November 4, 2014
1296:, as well as the
1221:House Bill HF1054
1217:Senate Bill SF925
1187:
1072:Minnesota Vikings
968:Blue Earth County
907:U.S. Constitution
866:marriage licenses
858:Same-sex marriage
855:
854:
605:Aruba and Curaçao
603:), as well as in
484:
483:
365:
364:
4459:
4412:
4411:
4352:
4351:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3877:
3876:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3798:
3797:
3789:LGBTQ portal
3787:
3786:
3785:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3485:
3480:. Archived from
3460:
3459:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3235:on July 15, 2010
3221:
3215:
3214:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3022:. Archived from
3012:
3006:
3005:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2874:. August 1, 2013
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:. Revisor.mn.gov
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2501:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2437:on June 30, 2009
2433:, archived from
2425:
2419:
2418:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2309:U of M Libraries
2305:available online
2291:
2285:
2278:available online
2274:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2230:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2167:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2058:May 27–30, 2011
1537:Margin of error
1525:
1521:
1428:2020 U.S. census
1371:
1365:
1363:[ˈwĩkta]
1360:
1356:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1331:niizh manidoowag
1188:
1153:Minnesota Senate
1074:football player
972:marriage license
966:, re-applied in
847:
840:
833:
821:LGBTQ portal
819:
818:
817:
802:
799:
784:
781:
775:
772:
766:
759:
753:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
705:
699:
687:Coman v. Romania
682:
667:
664:
658:
647:
638:
631:
625:
618:
612:
597:
382:
278:
36:
18:
17:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4396:
4350:
4336:
4319:
4278:
4240:
4222:
3961:
3946:
3940:
3901:
3875:
3859:
3846:
3841:
3811:
3806:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3720:
3701:Benjamin Miller
3669:
3613:
3598:Baker v. Nelson
3564:
3543:
3538:
3503:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3448:
3444:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3369:Shoreview Press
3363:
3362:
3358:
3347:Richfield Patch
3341:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3314:
3310:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3244:
3240:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3203:
3199:
3194:, July 23, 2009
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3060:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2959:
2952:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2347:
2329:
2325:
2292:
2288:
2275:
2271:
2259:Baker v. Nelson
2256:
2255:
2251:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2212:
2208:
2197:
2193:
2168:
2164:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2098:
1784:Edison Research
1520:
1436:
1408:
1391:
1389:Economic impact
1358:
1349:Dakota language
1335:
1326:Ojibwe language
1317:Native American
1274:
1178:
1088:
1010:
1004:
996:Baker v. Nelson
970:and obtained a
938:Baker v. Nelson
934:
929:
898:Baker v. Nelson
851:
815:
813:
808:
807:
806:
805:
800:
793:
788:
787:
782:
778:
773:
769:
760:
756:
733:
729:
724:
720:
715:
711:
706:
702:
683:
670:
665:
661:
648:
641:
632:
628:
619:
615:
598:
591:
585:
577:
576:
575:
556:Military policy
495:
487:
486:
485:
479:
468:United States:
431:
378:
368:
367:
366:
360:
319:
274:
263:
262:
261:
260:
245:
244:
48:
37:
34:same-sex unions
33:
32:Legal status of
30:
12:
11:
5:
4465:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4290:American Samoa
4286:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4246:Circuit Courts
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4228:Tribal nations
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:South Carolina
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:North Carolina
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3864:General unions
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Andrea Jenkins
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3501:
3486:
3468:
3467:External links
3465:
3462:
3461:
3442:
3423:
3397:
3374:
3356:
3334:
3308:
3290:
3264:
3238:
3216:
3197:
3179:
3153:
3131:
3113:
3088:
3069:
3058:
3037:
3007:
3001:978-1412909167
3000:
2982:
2975:
2950:
2928:
2896:
2885:
2859:
2833:
2807:
2795:
2769:
2755:
2741:
2719:
2707:twincities.com
2693:
2670:
2655:
2634:
2604:
2578:
2552:
2530:
2508:
2485:
2463:
2447:
2420:
2413:
2393:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2374:lunatic fringe
2358:
2345:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2286:
2269:
2249:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2206:
2204:ended in 1988.
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2141:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
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2049:
2046:
2041:
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2035:
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2029:
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2022:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
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1968:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1941:
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1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
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1900:
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1881:
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1870:
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1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1519:
1518:Public opinion
1516:
1492:Falcon Heights
1472:St. Louis Park
1435:
1432:
1407:
1404:
1390:
1387:
1273:
1270:
1145:Mindy Greiling
1087:
1084:
1080:Roman Catholic
1039:, restricting
1006:Main article:
1003:
1000:
933:
930:
928:
925:
853:
852:
850:
849:
842:
835:
827:
824:
823:
810:
809:
804:
803:
790:
789:
786:
785:
776:
767:
754:
727:
718:
709:
700:
690:ruling of the
668:
659:
655:American Samoa
639:
626:
613:
588:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
497:
496:
493:
492:
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488:
482:
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478:
477:
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473:American Samoa
471: •
466:
461:
456:
451:
450:
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445: •
440:
434:
432:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
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403: •
396:
391:
385:
380:
379:
374:
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370:
369:
363:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:
354:Cayman Islands
352: •
350:
346: •
341:United Kingdom
338:
333:
328:
322:
320:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
300:Czech Republic
297:
292:
287:
281:
276:
275:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
258:
252:
251:
243:
242:
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230:United Kingdom
227:
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217:
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207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
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162:
157:
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137:
132:
127:
122:
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112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
51:
50:
49:
43:
42:
39:
38:
29:
26:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4464:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4417:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:Other regions
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4236:Navajo Nation
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:West Virginia
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
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4169:
4166:
4164:
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4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:New Hampshire
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Massachusetts
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
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3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3898:
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3872:
3869:
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3866:
3862:
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3852:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3803:
3802:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Andy Milligan
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
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3658:
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3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:Organizations
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3504:
3502:9780816699261
3498:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3229:Post Bulletin
3226:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3141:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3084:
3083:CBS Minnesota
3080:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3055:. April 2013.
3054:
3047:
3041:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2976:0-292-74701-2
2972:
2967:
2966:
2957:
2955:
2946:
2942:
2941:Gay Star News
2938:
2932:
2917:on 2019-02-15
2913:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2414:9781136574115
2410:
2406:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2089:design effect
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:1,179 voters
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:1,236 voters
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:1,065 voters
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:1,035 adults
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:1,496 adults
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:2,060 adults
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1677:1,412 adults
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:Golden Valley
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1200:Alice Hausman
1193:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:Linda Higgins
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:Tom Tillberry
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1106:In 1997, the
1101:
1097:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1019:and Governor
1018:
1014:
1009:
999:
997:
993:
992:
986:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:United States
944:
940:
939:
927:Legal history
924:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
828:
826:
825:
822:
812:
811:
798:
796:
791:
780:
771:
764:
758:
751:
750:
745:
744:
739:
738:
731:
722:
713:
704:
697:
693:
689:
688:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
663:
656:
652:
646:
644:
636:
630:
623:
617:
610:
606:
602:
596:
594:
589:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
491:
490:
474:
470:
469:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
448:
444:
443:
442:Netherlands:
441:
439:
436:
435:
433:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
406:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
384:
383:
377:
372:
371:
355:
351:
349:
345:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
321:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
280:
279:
272:
267:
266:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
241:
238:
236:
235:United States
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
155:Liechtenstein
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
52:
46:
41:
40:
35:
28:
27:
24:
20:
19:
16:
4413:
4333:Civil unions
4173:South Dakota
4163:Rhode Island
4158:Pennsylvania
4138:North Dakota
4082:
3945:By territory
3799:
3780:
3765:
3753:
3732:
3706:Kate Millett
3691:T. R. Knight
3681:Steve Endean
3655:District 202
3608:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3491:
3482:the original
3477:
3456:Star Tribune
3445:
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3377:
3368:
3359:
3351:the original
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3322:PostBulletin
3321:
3311:
3302:
3293:
3281:. Retrieved
3277:
3267:
3255:. Retrieved
3251:
3241:
3233:the original
3228:
3219:
3210:
3200:
3192:Star Tribune
3191:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3134:
3125:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:
3091:
3082:
3072:
3061:
3052:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3024:the original
3019:
3010:
2991:
2985:
2964:
2945:the original
2940:
2931:
2921:December 27,
2919:. Retrieved
2912:the original
2899:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:Star Tribune
2871:
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2846:
2836:
2824:. Retrieved
2820:
2810:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:
2772:
2758:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2696:
2684:. Retrieved
2673:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:the original
2616:
2607:
2597:December 21,
2595:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2571:December 21,
2569:. Retrieved
2567:. March 2009
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2511:
2503:the original
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2466:
2455:Star Tribune
2454:
2450:
2439:, retrieved
2435:the original
2429:
2423:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2326:
2308:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2257:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2133:, retrieved
2127:
2121:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2043:
2013:
1989:
1959:
1932:
1905:
1878:
1851:
1824:
1797:
1770:
1741:
1712:
1683:
1654:
1625:
1596:
1567:
1534:Sample size
1528:Poll source
1512:Eden Prairie
1510:(2012), and
1437:
1425:
1409:
1392:
1310:
1275:
1266:
1249:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1197:
1157:Scott Dibble
1133:civil unions
1126:
1115:
1105:
1068:Barack Obama
1065:
1049:
1045:civil unions
1026:
995:
989:
987:
980:
936:
935:
918:
896:
894:
856:
779:
770:
757:
749:maitri karar
747:
741:
737:guru–shishya
735:
730:
721:
712:
703:
685:
662:
629:
616:
609:Sint Maarten
447:Sint Maarten
271:Civil unions
247:
246:
200:South Africa
21:Part of the
15:
4310:Puerto Rico
4088:Mississippi
4003:Connecticut
3716:Allan Spear
3411:The Pioneer
3278:StarTribune
3106:11 December
2878:December 7,
2545:February 7,
2265:409 810
2246:, June 2009
2007:973 voters
1872:500 adults
1845:800 adults
1648:886 adults
1561:450 adults
1543:Opposition
1488:Robbinsdale
1444:Minneapolis
1421:Clay County
1253:Minneapolis
1232:Mark Dayton
1225:Republicans
1141:Joe Mullery
1100:Minneapolis
1076:Chris Kluwe
1021:Mark Dayton
1017:Julian Bond
878:Mark Dayton
743:nata pratha
696:EU citizens
215:Switzerland
180:New Zealand
175:Netherlands
4431:Categories
4387:Washington
4362:California
4203:Washington
4123:New Mexico
4118:New Jersey
3993:California
3630:Team Trans
3560:The Saloon
3211:TheColu.mn
2649:2013-12-02
2627:January 4,
2441:January 9,
2332:Matt Baume
2113:References
1359:pronounced
1345:polygynous
1336:pronounced
1321:two-spirit
1284:, and the
1261:R.T. Rybak
1165:John Marty
1129:John Marty
1053:U.S. state
943:first case
336:San Marino
331:Montenegro
248:Recognized
160:Luxembourg
100:Costa Rica
4392:Wisconsin
4213:Wisconsin
4178:Tennessee
4083:Minnesota
4058:Louisiana
3767:Q Monthly
2686:March 13,
2592:Star News
1865:SurveyUSA
1500:Shorewood
1484:Shoreview
1480:Richfield
1464:Maplewood
1460:Rochester
1374:cisgender
1204:Democrats
1112:statutory
1110:passed a
1082:bishops.
1059:but then
909:to limit
862:Minnesota
422:Lithuania
405:Hong Kong
65:Australia
60:Argentina
4415:Category
4355:By state
4198:Virginia
4148:Oklahoma
4128:New York
4103:Nebraska
4093:Missouri
4078:Michigan
4068:Maryland
4053:Kentucky
4033:Illinois
4008:Delaware
3998:Colorado
3988:Arkansas
3924:timeline
3911:Marriage
3880:By state
3801:Category
3733:Lavender
3416:July 17,
3390:June 10,
3327:July 17,
3283:July 17,
3257:July 17,
3172:July 17,
3167:Minnpost
3146:July 17,
2852:July 13,
2847:KSTP.com
2523:March 7,
2340:Advocate
2096:See also
1564:± 0.82%
1540:Support
1514:(2012).
1506:(2011),
1502:(2011),
1498:(2011),
1494:(2011),
1490:(2011),
1486:(2011),
1482:(2011),
1478:(2011),
1476:Red Wing
1474:(2011),
1470:(2010),
1466:(2010),
1462:(2010),
1458:(2010),
1454:(2009),
1452:St. Paul
1450:(2009),
1413:Hennepin
1372:married
1366:). Many
1288:, three
1229:Governor
1169:Mee Moua
1041:marriage
941:was the
932:Lawsuits
911:marriage
884:, after
561:Adoption
494:See also
464:Slovakia
394:Cambodia
389:Bulgaria
225:Thailand
195:Slovenia
190:Portugal
95:Colombia
45:Marriage
4264:Seventh
4218:Wyoming
4193:Vermont
4098:Montana
4038:Indiana
4018:Georgia
4013:Florida
3983:Arizona
3973:Alabama
3548:Culture
3030:May 10,
2826:June 4,
2788:May 14,
2173:(1970)
2135:May 13,
2064:± 2.9%
2037:± 2.8%
2010:± 3.1%
1983:± 3.4%
1956:± 3.2%
1929:± 2.9%
1902:± 3.0%
1875:± 4.5%
1848:± 3.5%
1821:± 2.2%
1504:Crystal
1496:Hopkins
1313:Western
1241:divorce
1209:HF 1054
1120:in the
890:Arizona
882:Midwest
459:Romania
427:Namibia
348:Bermuda
305:Hungary
290:Croatia
285:Bolivia
240:Uruguay
150:Ireland
145:Iceland
135:Germany
125:Finland
120:Estonia
115:Ecuador
110:Denmark
75:Belgium
70:Austria
55:Andorra
4382:Oregon
4367:Hawaii
4254:Fourth
4153:Oregon
4108:Nevada
4048:Kansas
4023:Hawaii
3978:Alaska
3674:People
3570:Rights
3499:
3303:MN Sun
2998:
2973:
2734:May 9,
2712:May 7,
2617:KARE11
2478:May 9,
2411:
2263:,
2082:Notes:
1448:Duluth
1417:Ramsey
1369:wiŋkta
1354:wiŋkta
1302:Dakota
1290:Ojibwe
1280:, the
1171:, and
1147:, and
1033:Senate
957:. The
901:, the
480:
454:Poland
361:
326:Monaco
315:Latvia
295:Cyprus
256:Israel
220:Taiwan
210:Sweden
185:Norway
170:Mexico
140:Greece
130:France
85:Canada
80:Brazil
4372:Maine
4274:Tenth
4269:Ninth
4259:Sixth
4183:Texas
4063:Maine
4028:Idaho
3959:State
3725:Other
3049:(PDF)
2915:(PDF)
2908:(PDF)
2499:MSNBC
2307:from
2280:from
1508:Eagan
1456:Edina
1378:tipis
1096:first
584:Notes
438:Nepal
417:Japan
412:India
399:China
310:Italy
205:Spain
165:Malta
90:Chile
47:legal
4377:Ohio
4300:Guam
4188:Utah
4143:Ohio
4043:Iowa
3964:laws
3949:laws
3497:ISBN
3418:2012
3392:2012
3329:2012
3285:2012
3259:2012
3174:2012
3148:2012
3108:2023
3032:2024
2996:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2923:2015
2880:2013
2854:2013
2828:2013
2790:2013
2736:2013
2714:2013
2688:2013
2629:2013
2599:2012
2573:2012
2547:2009
2525:2009
2480:2013
2443:2010
2409:ISBN
2225:Moot
2137:2013
2072:45%
2048:10%
2040:43%
2021:11%
2018:42%
1994:11%
1986:43%
1967:10%
1964:43%
1940:10%
1937:41%
1910:45%
1883:47%
1859:10%
1856:44%
1832:14%
1829:34%
1802:39%
1775:33%
1746:37%
1720:10%
1717:27%
1688:27%
1659:19%
1630:17%
1601:21%
1572:24%
1415:and
1393:The
1300:, a
1219:and
1094:The
1031:and
886:Iowa
684:The
105:Cuba
4335:and
2075:9%
2068:46%
2044:47%
2014:47%
1990:46%
1960:47%
1933:49%
1913:8%
1906:47%
1886:2%
1879:51%
1852:46%
1825:52%
1805:3%
1798:58%
1778:9%
1771:58%
1749:6%
1742:57%
1713:63%
1691:6%
1684:67%
1662:3%
1655:78%
1633:1%
1626:82%
1604:2%
1597:77%
1575:3%
1568:73%
1351:as
1328:as
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