1288:
1302:
1317:
1331:
1260:
1246:
1274:
1345:
1404:
1179:
697:
4100:
2192:
2167:
2142:
2117:
2092:
2067:
2042:
2017:
1992:
1781:
1763:
1745:
1727:
1709:
1691:
1383:
681:
689:
1537:
548:, the speakers of which are not able to understand each other without learning or long practice. The evolution of sharp language boundaries seems to suggest a relative isolation of the language speakers from each other and not very intensive contacts between the respective speakers in the past. There is some significance in this, as the geographical barriers between the respective speakers are no different from those in other parts of the Sámi area.
338:
1031:
1481:
1525:
811:
as well as place-names of Sami origin in the southern dialects of
Finnish and Karelian dialects testify of earlier Sami presence in the area (Koponen, 1996; Saarikivi, 2004; Aikio, 2007). These Sami languages, however, became extinct later, under the wave of the Finno-Karelian agricultural expansion.
1419:
states: "It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sami people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life". The Sami
Language Act went into effect in the 1990s. Sámi is an official language alongside Norwegian in the "administrative
520:
In terms of internal relationships, the Sámi languages are traditionally divided into the two groups of western and eastern. The groups may be further divided into various subgroups and ultimately individual languages. (Sammallahti 1998: 6-38.) Recently it has been proposed on the basis of (1)
1615:
daycares have been set up for teaching the languages to children. In education, Northern Sami, and to a more limited degree, Inari and Skolt Sami, can be studied at primary and secondary levels, both as a mothertongue (for native speakers) and as a foreign language (for non-native speakers).
1611:. Some documents, such as specific legislation, are translated into these Sami languages, but knowledge of any of these Sami languages among officials is not common. As the major language in the region is Finnish, Sami speakers are essentially always bilingual with Finnish.
833:(Salminen 1999). According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Proto-Samic language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia. The language is believed to have expanded west and north into
521:
different sound substitutions seen between the Sámi languages in the Proto-Scandinavian loanwords and (2) historical phonology that the first unit to branch off from Late Proto-Sámi was
Southern Proto-Sámi, from which descend South Sámi, Ume Sámi, and
1897:
T. Salminen: Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies. — Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 2002. 44–55. AND
2237:: Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies. — Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 2002. 44–55.
853:
from the early hunter-gatherers, first during the Proto-Sami phase and second in the subsequent expansion of the language in the west and the north of
Fennoscandia that is part of modern Sami today. (Aikio 2004, Aikio 2006).
1190:) is commonly presented in Sámi languages using the "N-form" variant based the usual Latin uppercase N with a hook added. Unicode assigns code point U+014A to the uppercase eng, but does not prescribe the form of the glyph.
2558:
Koponen, Eino 1996. Lappische Lehnwörter im
Finnischen und Karelischen. – Lars Gunnar Larsson (ed.), Lapponica et Uralica. 100 Jahre finnisch-ugrischer Unterricht an der Universität Uppsala. Studia Uralica Uppsaliensia 26:
828:
between 1000 BC to 700 AD, deriving from a common Proto-Sami-Finnic language (M. Korhonen 1981). However, reconstruction of any basic proto-languages in the Uralic family have reached a level close to or identical to
862:
At present there are nine living Sami languages. Eight of the languages have independent literary languages; the other one has no written standard, and of it, there are only a few, mainly elderly, speakers left. The
342:
Recent distribution of the Sami languages: 1. Southern Sami, 2. Ume Sami, 3. Pite Sami, 4. Lule Sami, 5. Northern Sami, 6. Inari Sami, 7. Skolt Sami, 8. Kildin Sami, 9. Ter Sami. Striped areas are multilingual or
1952:
2967:
3116:
1516:. In 2011, this list was enlarged considerably. In Sweden the University of Umeå teaches North, Ume and South Sami, and Uppsala University has courses in North, Lule and South Sami.
1628:, Sámi has no official status, neither on the national, regional or local level. It is included in the list of Indigenous minority languages. (Kildin) Sami has been taught at the
1301:
4231:
684:
This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.
536:
to a fair degree, but two more widely separated groups will not understand each other's speech. There are, however, some sharp language boundaries, in particular between
1193:
The Skolt Sámi standard uses ʹ (U+02B9) as a soft sign, but other apostrophes, such as ' (U+0027), ˊ (U+02CA) or ´ (U+00B4), are also sometimes used in published texts.
3302:
2616:
4457:
4443:
2645:
450:). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including
3307:
1469:
517:
protolanguage is not as strongly supported as had been earlier assumed, and that the similarities may stem from an areal influence on Sámi from Finnic.
4222:
522:
1016:, became extinct in the 18th century, and probably belonged to the Eastern group like Kemi Sami, although the evidence for the language is limited.
1532:
in (from top to bottom) Finnish, Northern Saami, Inari Saami, and Skolt Saami. Inari is the only municipality in
Finland with 4 official languages.
3697:
2539:
Hult, F.M. (2010). Swedish
Television as a mechanism for language planning and policy. Language Problems and Language Planning, 34(2), 158–181.
1548:, the Sami language act of 1991 granted the Northern, Inari, and Skolt Sami the right to use their languages for all government services. The
3507:
3365:
2403:
1287:
2473:
2250:
Aikio, Ante (2004). "An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami". In Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonen, Jarmo (eds.).
3889:
2664:
2327:
1382:
1358:
1330:
1316:
874:(Norway, Sweden, Finland): With an estimated 15,000 speakers, this accounts for probably more than 75% of all Sami speakers in 2002.
2726:
1259:
513:(Sammallahti 1998). However, this view has recently been doubted by some scholars who argue that the traditional view of a common
2659:
2328:"Nordisk samekonvensjon: Utkast fra finsk-norsk-svensk-samisk ekspertgruppe, Oppnevnt 13. november 2002, Avgitt 26. oktober 2005"
1245:
2228:
Korhonen, Mikko 1981: Johdatus lapin kielen historiaan. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia ; 370. Helsinki, 1981
3856:
2449:
1273:
3540:
3155:
2697:
1882:
1633:
1344:
2351:
2627:
1629:
364:
3690:
3500:
3358:
2582:
2254:. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki. Vol. 63. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique. pp. 5–34.
402:
2289:
According to researcher Joshua Wilbur and Pite Sami dictionary committee leader Nils Henrik
Bengtsson, March 2010.
692:
Administrative living areas and municipalities that recognise Sámi as an official language in the Nordic
Countries
1830:
773:
in the east. The borders between the languages do not align with the ones separating the region's modern states.
2691:
1655:
3882:
39:
17:
1129:
The use of Ææ and Øø in Norway vs. Ää and Öö in Sweden merely reflects the orthographic standards used in the
4618:
3942:
3840:
3683:
3209:
2563:
2719:
2682:
189:
4633:
4628:
4623:
3493:
3351:
1806:
1493:
1204:
with these additional letters: А̄а̄ Ӓӓ Е̄е̄ Ё̄ё̄ Һһ/ʼ Ӣӣ Јј/Ҋҋ Ӆӆ Ӎӎ Ӊӊ Ӈӈ О̄о̄ Ҏҏ Ӯӯ Ҍҍ Э̄э̄ Ӭӭ Ю̄ю̄ Я̄я̄
1403:
980:, 179 in other Russian regions, although 1991 persons stated their Saami ethnicity (1769 of them live in
1953:"Kantasaamesta eteläkantasaameen, osa 2 Äännehistorian todisteita eteläsaamen varhaisesta eriytymisestä"
4268:
2515:
4613:
4452:
3875:
3074:
2496:
1660:
1608:
2191:
2166:
2141:
2116:
2091:
2066:
2041:
2016:
1991:
1780:
1762:
1744:
1726:
1708:
1690:
1505:
4564:
4347:
4342:
4036:
3907:
2205:
1420:
area for Sámi language", that includes eight municipalities in the northern half of Norway, namely
1178:
850:
4638:
2712:
509:. According to the traditional view, Sámi is within the Uralic family most closely related to the
4384:
4352:
4053:
3474:
2480:
1421:
1197:
360:
354:
2411:
1429:
4477:
4472:
4370:
3936:
3020:
2252:
Etymologie, Entlehnungen und
Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag
1553:
1437:
1416:
915:
871:
793:
533:
4559:
4130:
3775:
2823:
2385:. VALA2004 12th Biennial Conference and Exhibition. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. p. 15
1251:
925:
867:
code for all Sami languages without their own code is "smi". The eight written languages are:
821:
696:
572:
541:
273:
141:
4590:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4296:
3835:
3754:
3633:
3600:
3595:
2676:
2298:
1509:
1501:
1449:
1445:
1425:
1408:
807:
contain many mentions of the earlier Sami inhabitation in these areas (Itkonen, 1947). Also,
514:
2334:
1453:
4263:
3796:
3706:
3649:
1433:
1172:
1013:
1005:
969:
2562:
Saarikivi, Janne 2004. Über das saamische Substratnamengut in Nordrußland und Finnland. –
1468:
were recognised as "regional or minority languages" in Norway within the framework of the
8:
4401:
4291:
4209:
3516:
3374:
2511:
1569:
1561:
1513:
1156:
947:
781:
545:
2526:
Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden.
2377:
1912:"Kantasaamesta eteläkantasaameen: Lainatodisteita eteläsaamen varhaisesta eriytymisestä"
1797:
1025:
4520:
4329:
4319:
4258:
3924:
3388:
3085:
1866:
1217:
1164:
1130:
1009:
905:
885:
849:
period ca. 500 AD (Bergsland 1996). The language assimilated several strata of unknown
846:
479:
3169:
2636:
Morphological and syntactic analysers and lexical resources for several Sami languages
2302:
2267:: Bidrag til sydsamenes historie, Senter for Samiske Studier Universitet i Tromsø 1996
1368:
keyboard standard of 2008 is designed for easily typing Sámi languages through use of
328:
4527:
4484:
4099:
4081:
4065:
4048:
4043:
3930:
3815:
2578:
2570:
1933:
1878:
1441:
1001:
997:
895:
801:
529:
3297:
2755:
2456:
4467:
4337:
4278:
4031:
4024:
4009:
4004:
3915:
3898:
3725:
3720:
3548:
3530:
3271:
3227:
3200:
2649:
1960:
1923:
1911:
1649:
1637:
1585:
1577:
1168:
1134:
797:
784:, now-extinct Sami languages were also spoken in the central and southern parts of
510:
506:
423:
411:
379:
120:
4190:
4180:
3957:
3768:
3583:
3563:
3429:
3415:
3125:
3038:
2976:
2914:
2893:
2775:
1336:
1293:
655:
644:
253:
213:
4495:
4489:
4359:
4311:
4301:
4240:
4087:
3987:
3748:
3590:
3453:
3047:
2670:
1465:
1201:
981:
977:
838:
825:
746:
431:
112:
3148:
2750:
2736:
2693:
An extensive intro to Saami languages and grammar from How To Learn Any Language
2591:
Wilbur, Joshua. 2014. A grammar of Pite Saami. Berlin: Language Science Press. (
2313:
Tiuraniemi Olli: "Anatoli Zaharov on maapallon ainoa turjansaamea puhuva mies",
427:
4584:
4513:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4415:
4409:
4364:
4217:
4075:
4058:
3974:
3962:
3947:
3790:
3027:
2685:
2264:
1597:
1529:
1152:
973:
951:
933:
804:
770:
4149:
4136:
4124:
2939:
2856:
2828:
2817:
1265:
680:
605:
586:
564:
303:
293:
93:
4607:
4377:
4286:
4250:
4070:
4014:
3994:
3980:
3967:
3610:
3448:
3162:
2555:
Itkonen, T. I. 1947. Lapparnas förekomst i Finland. – Ymer: 43–57. Stockholm.
2474:"Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistökaavio, viimeiseksi tarkoitettu luonnos"
2179:
2154:
2129:
2104:
2079:
2054:
2029:
2004:
1979:
1937:
1899:
1768:
1750:
1732:
1714:
1696:
1678:
1612:
1457:
1141:
1070:
888:(Norway, Sweden): The second largest group with an estimated 1,500 speakers.
537:
35:
31:
4154:
3782:
3265:
3065:
3054:
3006:
2958:
2840:
2770:
2765:
2673:, an etymological database of the Sami languages (in Finnish and North Sámi)
1322:
688:
594:
283:
4227:
3952:
3458:
3258:
3101:
3013:
2592:
2425:
1187:
1039:
1008:
is known to have died in December 2003, and the eleventh attested variety,
834:
830:
4185:
4175:
4143:
4019:
3578:
3573:
3553:
3422:
3287:
3180:
2985:
2898:
2888:
2834:
2611:
2606:
1601:
1593:
1536:
1307:
1279:
636:
630:
578:
308:
298:
288:
278:
268:
263:
258:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
218:
208:
3654:
3605:
3323:
3189:
1870:
1363:
842:
777:
766:
4195:
4159:
3568:
2999:
2919:
2861:
1965:
1350:
661:
611:
313:
223:
3675:
3328:
3292:
3236:
2944:
2667:
All about Sami Languages with glossaries, scholarly articles, resources
2429:
2184:
2159:
2134:
2109:
2084:
2059:
2034:
2009:
1984:
1928:
1773:
1755:
1737:
1719:
1701:
1683:
1213:
1148:
494:
3485:
3343:
1182:
Sámi languages tend to prefer the N-form eng for the uppercase letter.
3659:
2379:
Global & local dimensions of emerging community languages support
1874:
1786:(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
1411:. From top to bottom: Northern Saami, Lule Saami, and Southern Saami.
1228:
releases 17.2), thus enabling Sámi speakers to use their language on
1030:
989:
963:
941:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
875:
864:
321:
199:
181:
3394:
3134:
337:
3867:
2621:
1485:
1373:
1012:, became extinct in the 19th century. An additional Sami language,
985:
959:
937:
808:
3216:
3094:
2992:
2780:
2624:"Sámi-related odds and ends," including 5000+ word vocabulary list
2352:"Character design standards - Uppercase for Latin 1: Uppercae Eng"
857:
742:
83:
3664:
3617:
3401:
2655:
1605:
1545:
1480:
1461:
1145:
789:
785:
758:
435:
163:
162:; recognized as a minority language in several municipalities of
61:
3141:
1801:
1625:
1497:
1229:
1225:
955:
762:
754:
750:
447:
443:
439:
167:
159:
73:
69:
65:
2785:
2408:
UiT Norgga árktalaš universitehta: Sámi Text-to-Speech project
2633:
1828:
1524:
1369:
388:
2704:
1233:
1000:, have very few speakers left) or extinct. Ten speakers of
394:
2500:
1488:. From top to bottom: Swedish, Lule Saami, Northern Saami
1221:
1160:
2639:
1500:. It can be used in dealing with public authorities in
2617:
Introduction to the history and current state of Sami
898:(Norway, Sweden): likely has under 20 speakers left.
403:
385:
1492:
On 1 April 2000, Sami became one of five recognized
1388:
Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red
1004:
were known to be alive in 2004. The last speaker of
996:
The other Sami languages are critically endangered (
589:
581:
567:
2701:, the only peer-reviewed journal in Saami languages
2303:
http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php?reg=0
1470:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
1310:(apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)
1137:, respectively, not differences in pronunciations.
958:, previously in Norway): 400 speakers (estimated).
391:
382:
824:is believed to have formed in the vicinity of the
1795:
749:, in a region stretching over the four countries
4605:
2278:On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory.
1220:for all eight Sámi languages still spoken (with
2566:58: 162–234. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.
2280:Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 91: 9–55.
2258:
858:Written languages and sociolinguistic situation
2612:On line radio stream in various sami languages
1910:Piha, Minerva; Häkkinen, Jaakko (2020-10-30).
1829:Kultur- og kirkedepartementet (27 June 2008).
1632:since 2012; before then, it was taught at the
3883:
3691:
3501:
3359:
2720:
2642:Proofing tools for some of the Sami languages
2245:
2243:
950:(Näätämö and the Nellim-Keväjärvi districts,
765:, reaching from the southern part of central
1909:
1140:The letter Đ in Sámi languages is a capital
1042:, with these respective additional letters.
918:(Norway, Sweden): 500 speakers (estimated).
2569:
2552:Fernandez, J. 1997. Parlons lapon. – Paris.
2231:
2222:
1415:Adopted in April 1988, Article 110a of the
532:in which the neighbouring languages may be
3890:
3876:
3698:
3684:
3508:
3494:
3366:
3352:
2727:
2713:
2375:
2270:
2240:
736:
700:Sami languages and settlements in Russia:
336:
27:Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people
2630:Sámi dictionary and terminology database.
1964:
1927:
3705:
2679:, Sami anthems in various Sami languages
2479:(in Finnish). 2006-06-20. Archived from
2404:"Documentation for Skolt Sami keyboards"
1950:
1860:
1535:
1523:
1479:
1402:
1177:
1029:
695:
687:
679:
505:The Sámi languages form a branch of the
4328:
3515:
3373:
1159:, etc., not the near-identical capital
528:Parts of the Sámi language area form a
365:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
4606:
3857:Institute for the Languages of Finland
2173:
2148:
2123:
2098:
2073:
2048:
2023:
1998:
1236:without restrictions or difficulties.
954:municipality, Finland, also spoken in
936:, Finland): 500 speakers (estimated).
3871:
3679:
3489:
3347:
2708:
2249:
1973:
1634:Institute of the Peoples of the North
3897:
2607:Ođđasat TV Channel in Sami languages
2575:The Saami Languages: an introduction
1592:) made Sami an official language in
525:(extinct during the 19th century).
489:. The last two, along with the term
1630:Murmansk State Technical University
1540:Sami speakers in Finland 1980-2010.
1240:Sámi on-screen keyboards on iPhones
769:in the southwest to the tip of the
24:
4589:Languages between parentheses are
2648:– Sami language department of the
2356:Microsoft Typography documentation
1849:The Linguistics Student’s Handbook
1672:
1393:
796:. Historical documents as well as
676:The above figures are approximate.
25:
4650:
2600:
2376:Cunningham, Andrew (2004-02-04).
1151:: U+0110), which is also used in
741:The Sami languages are spoken in
500:
4098:
2652:(in Norwegian and Northern Sami)
2190:
2165:
2140:
2115:
2090:
2065:
2040:
2015:
1990:
1779:
1761:
1743:
1725:
1707:
1689:
1381:
1343:
1329:
1315:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1019:
908:has about 30–50 speakers,
378:
2533:
2520:
2505:
2497:Tromsø positiv til samisk språk
2490:
2466:
2442:
2418:
2396:
2369:
2344:
2320:
2307:
2292:
2283:
2198:
1951:Häkkinen, Jaakko (2023-01-01).
1804:[languages of Norway].
1528:A quadrilingual street sign in
1207:
4593:of the language on their left.
2577:. Kárášjohka: Davvi Girji OS.
2333:. 20 July 2011. Archived from
1944:
1903:
1891:
1854:
1841:
1822:
1789:
1652:of Finland, Norway, and Sweden
13:
1:
3841:Finland-Swedish Sign Language
3541:Recognized minority languages
2564:Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen
2450:"New Finnish Keyboard Layout"
1831:"St.meld. nr. 35 (2007-2008)"
1666:
2734:
2455:. 2005-11-30. Archived from
1863:An Essential Finnish Grammar
1807:Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
1656:Norwegianization of the Sámi
7:
1643:
1484:A trilingual road sign for
1113:Áá Đđ Ïï Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Üü Åå Ää Öö
1073:Ǧǧ Ǥǥ Ǩǩ Ŋŋ Õõ Šš Žž Åå Ää
976:, Russia): 608 speakers in
792:and in a wider area on the
493:, are now often considered
446:, and extreme northwestern
10:
4655:
2545:
2516:Language Council of Norway
1519:
1023:
815:
29:
4575:
4537:
4505:
4400:
4310:
4277:
4249:
4208:
4168:
4116:
4107:
4096:
3914:
3905:
3849:
3828:
3808:
3741:
3734:
3713:
3642:
3626:
3539:
3523:
3467:
3441:
3381:
3316:
3280:
3250:
3226:
3199:
3179:
3124:
3115:
3084:
3064:
3037:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2932:
2907:
2881:
2874:
2849:
2810:
2803:
2794:
2743:
2650:Norwegian Sami parliament
1661:Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate
1619:
1550:Sami Language Act of 2003
1475:
1398:
426:spoken by the Indigenous
335:
319:
197:
179:
174:
155:Official language in
153:
148:
134:
109:
99:
89:
79:
57:
52:
47:
4037:Siberian Ingrian Finnish
3908:List of Uralic languages
3303:Guovdageainnu Lagasradio
2206:"Mapping SÁMI Languages"
1800:; Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel.
1061:Áá Ââ Ää Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Žž
1038:Most Sámi languages use
851:Paleo-European languages
602:Peninsular Eastern Sámi
105:(30,000 cited 1992–2013)
30:Not to be confused with
3475:Norwegian Sign Language
2665:Sami Language Resources
1861:Karlsson, Fred (2008).
1837:(in Norwegian Nynorsk).
1573:
1565:
1422:Kautokeino Municipality
1198:Kildin Sámi orthography
1102:Southern Sámi (Norway):
1094:Southern Sámi (Sweden):
737:Geographic distribution
3156:Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála
2698:Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála
2646:Sámedikki giellastivra
2426:"About iOS 17 Updates"
1589:
1581:
1557:
1541:
1533:
1506:Gällivare Municipality
1489:
1438:Porsanger Municipality
1417:Norwegian Constitution
1412:
1409:Norwegian Labour Party
1186:The capital letter Ŋ (
1183:
1035:
1034:Sami Primer, USSR 1933
794:Scandinavian Peninsula
733:
715: Akkala (Russian
693:
685:
633:(1,000–2,000 speakers)
561:Mainland Eastern Sámi
507:Uralic language family
434:(in parts of northern
353:This article contains
3836:Finnish Sign Language
3634:Swedish Sign Language
2299:Russian Census (2002)
1810:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
1539:
1527:
1510:Jokkmokk Municipality
1502:Arjeplog Municipality
1483:
1450:Lavangen Municipality
1446:Tysfjord Municipality
1426:Karasjok Municipality
1406:
1181:
1053:Áá Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Ŧŧ Žž
1033:
705: Skolt (Russian
699:
691:
683:
624:Central Western Sámi
534:mutually intelligible
4619:Languages of Finland
3943:Northeastern coastal
3707:Languages of Finland
1847:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
1434:Nesseby Municipality
1430:Kåfjord Municipality
1163:(Ð; U+00D0) used in
410:), also rendered in
4634:Languages of Sweden
4629:Languages of Russia
4624:Languages of Norway
3517:Languages of Sweden
3375:Languages of Norway
2622:Kimberli Mäkäräinen
1966:10.30673/sja.115746
1514:Kiruna Municipality
1374:dead diacritic keys
1218:on-screen keyboards
1086:Lule Sámi (Norway):
1078:Lule Sámi (Sweden):
841:, reaching central
822:Proto-Sámi language
782:early modern period
3925:Bjarmian languages
3735:Minority languages
3714:Official languages
3442:Minority languages
3382:Official languages
2571:Sammallahti, Pekka
2276:Aikio, A. (2006).
1929:10.30673/sja.95727
1867:Abingdon-on-Thames
1542:
1534:
1494:minority languages
1490:
1454:Snåsa Municipality
1413:
1407:A t-shirt for the
1212:In December 2023,
1184:
1121:Áá Đđ Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Åå Ää
1036:
847:Proto-Scandinavian
734:
694:
686:
652:Southwestern Sámi
355:special characters
53:Sami, Saami, Samic
4601:
4600:
4585:extinct languages
4396:
4395:
4269:Northwestern Mari
4204:
4203:
3865:
3864:
3824:
3823:
3673:
3672:
3524:Official language
3483:
3482:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3246:
3245:
3111:
3110:
3021:Saǥai Muittalægje
2953:
2952:
2928:
2927:
2870:
2869:
2660:Sámi Language Act
2188:(25th ed., 2022)
2163:(25th ed., 2022)
2138:(25th ed., 2022)
2113:(25th ed., 2022)
2088:(25th ed., 2022)
2063:(25th ed., 2022)
2038:(25th ed., 2022)
2013:(25th ed., 2022)
1988:(25th ed., 2022)
1884:978-0-415-43914-5
1798:Jahr, Ernst Håkon
1777:(25th ed., 2022)
1759:(25th ed., 2022)
1741:(25th ed., 2022)
1723:(25th ed., 2022)
1705:(25th ed., 2022)
1687:(25th ed., 2022)
1574:Sääʹmǩiõll-lääʹǩǩ
1442:Tana Municipality
1200:uses the Russian
1135:Swedish alphabets
1125:
1124:
647:(26,000 speakers)
530:dialect continuum
478:, as well as the
422:, are a group of
361:rendering support
348:
347:
16:(Redirected from
4646:
4461:
4447:
4326:
4325:
4235:
4114:
4113:
4102:
4025:Siberian Finnish
3971:
3899:Uralic languages
3892:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3868:
3799:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3757:
3739:
3738:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3404:
3397:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3122:
3121:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2879:
2878:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2688:in Northern Sami
2588:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2530:, 3(2), 181–201.
2524:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2410:. Archived from
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2340:on 20 July 2011.
2339:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2210:Cartography M.Sc
2202:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1796:Vikør, Lars S.;
1793:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1766:
1765:
1748:
1747:
1730:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1694:
1693:
1676:
1650:Sami parliaments
1638:Saint Petersburg
1582:Saamen kielilaki
1566:Säämi kielâlaahâ
1558:Sámi giellaláhka
1456:. In 2005 Sámi,
1385:
1367:
1347:
1333:
1319:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1262:
1248:
1047:
1046:
1026:Sámi orthography
730:
724:
714:
704:
591:
583:
569:
511:Finnic languages
424:Uralic languages
406:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
340:
331:
311:
301:
291:
281:
271:
261:
251:
241:
231:
221:
211:
202:
193:
192:
184:
115:
45:
44:
21:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4571:
4565:Proto-Samoyedic
4533:
4501:
4455:
4441:
4392:
4348:Southern Khanty
4343:Northern Khanty
4324:
4306:
4273:
4245:
4225:
4223:Shoksha dialect
4200:
4164:
4103:
4094:
4049:Karelian proper
3965:
3910:
3901:
3896:
3866:
3861:
3845:
3820:
3804:
3795:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3753:
3730:
3709:
3704:
3674:
3669:
3643:Other languages
3638:
3622:
3611:Balkan dialects
3535:
3519:
3514:
3484:
3479:
3463:
3437:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3400:
3393:
3377:
3372:
3342:
3333:
3312:
3308:Kola Sámi Radio
3276:
3242:
3222:
3195:
3175:
3170:Sámi magasiidna
3107:
3080:
3060:
3048:Daerpies Dierie
3033:
2949:
2924:
2903:
2882:Central Western
2866:
2845:
2790:
2739:
2733:
2603:
2598:
2585:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2528:Language Policy
2525:
2521:
2512:Minoritetsspråk
2510:
2506:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2263:
2259:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1949:
1945:
1922:(62): 102–124.
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1802:"språk i Norge"
1794:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1767:
1760:
1749:
1742:
1731:
1724:
1713:
1706:
1695:
1688:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1646:
1622:
1590:Samisk språklag
1522:
1478:
1401:
1396:
1394:Official status
1389:
1386:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1291:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1254:
1249:
1210:
1202:Cyrillic script
1040:Latin alphabets
1028:
1022:
982:Murmansk Oblast
978:Murmansk Oblast
860:
839:Nordic Iron Age
826:Gulf of Finland
818:
747:Northern Europe
739:
732:
728:
726:
722:
720:
712:
710:
702:
673:
627:Lule–Pite Sámi
503:
432:Northern Europe
404:
381:
377:
370:
369:
368:
359:Without proper
344:
327:
307:
306:
297:
296:
287:
286:
277:
276:
267:
266:
257:
256:
247:
246:
237:
236:
227:
226:
217:
216:
207:
206:
198:
188:
187:
180:
156:
149:Official status
144:
137:
130:
116:
113:Language family
111:
102:
101:Native speakers
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:Sámi languages
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4449:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4385:Southern Mansi
4381:
4374:
4367:
4365:Northern Mansi
4357:
4356:
4355:
4353:Eastern Khanty
4350:
4345:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4120:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3972:
3960:
3955:
3948:South Estonian
3945:
3940:
3928:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3829:Sign languages
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3745:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3627:Sign languages
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3468:Sign languages
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Yle Sámi Radio
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2686:Internationale
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2653:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2601:External links
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2567:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2519:
2504:
2489:
2486:on 2011-07-20.
2465:
2462:on 2016-03-04.
2441:
2417:
2414:on 2018-08-16.
2395:
2368:
2343:
2319:
2306:
2291:
2282:
2269:
2265:Knut Bergsland
2257:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2197:
2172:
2147:
2122:
2097:
2072:
2047:
2022:
1997:
1972:
1943:
1918:(in Finnish).
1902:
1890:
1883:
1853:
1840:
1821:
1788:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1621:
1618:
1609:municipalities
1521:
1518:
1477:
1474:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1380:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1209:
1206:
1153:Serbo-Croatian
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:Northern Sámi:
1024:Main article:
1021:
1018:
994:
993:
974:Kola Peninsula
967:
945:
923:
913:
903:
893:
883:
859:
856:
817:
814:
805:oral tradition
771:Kola Peninsula
738:
735:
727:
721:
711:
701:
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
659:
658:(600 speakers)
650:
649:
648:
642:
641:
640:
634:
619:
618:
617:
616:
615:
609:
608:(600 speakers)
600:
599:
598:
597:(320 speakers)
592:
584:
576:
575:(300 speakers)
570:
550:
502:
501:Classification
499:
374:Sámi languages
363:, you may see
351:
350:
349:
346:
345:
341:
333:
332:
325:
317:
316:
203:
195:
194:
185:
177:
176:
175:Language codes
172:
171:
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
145:
140:
138:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
119:
117:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
59:
58:Native to
55:
54:
50:
49:
26:
18:Sami languages
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4651:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:Reconstructed
4536:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4478:Tundra Nenets
4476:
4474:
4473:Forest Nenets
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4378:Eastern Mansi
4375:
4373:
4372:
4371:Western Mansi
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3937:Laiuse Romani
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Vlax dialects
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3126:Northern Sámi
3123:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3039:Southern Sámi
3036:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2977:Northern Sámi
2974:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Southern Sámi
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Northern Sámi
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2671:Álgu database
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2584:82-7374-398-5
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2225:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:Saami, Kildin
2026:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1957:Sananjalka 65
1954:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1877:. p. 1.
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1835:Regjeringa.no
1832:
1825:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1613:Language nest
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:Northern Sami
1551:
1547:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1337:Southern Sámi
1332:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1294:Northern Sámi
1289:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:has provided
1215:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1027:
1020:Orthographies
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:
921:
917:
916:Southern Sami
914:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
873:
872:Northern Sami
870:
869:
868:
866:
855:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
813:
810:
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
718:
708:
698:
690:
682:
678:
677:
664:(20 speakers)
663:
660:
657:
656:Southern Sámi
654:
653:
651:
646:
645:Northern Sámi
643:
639:(20 speakers)
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
626:
625:
623:
622:
621:Western Sámi
620:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:
601:
596:
593:
588:
585:
580:
577:
574:
571:
566:
563:
562:
560:
559:
558:Eastern Sámi
557:
556:
555:
552:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
538:Northern Sami
535:
531:
526:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:
399:
375:
366:
362:
358:
356:
339:
334:
330:
326:
324:
323:
318:
315:
312: –
310:
305:
302: –
300:
295:
292: –
290:
285:
282: –
280:
275:
272: –
270:
265:
262: –
260:
255:
252: –
250:
245:
242: –
240:
235:
232: –
230:
225:
222: –
220:
215:
212: –
210:
204:
201:
196:
191:
186:
183:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
152:
147:
143:
139:
133:
127:
124:
123:
122:
118:
114:
108:
104:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:Samo language
37:
36:Sama language
33:
32:Saam language
19:
4639:Sámi peoples
4580:
4555:Proto-Finnic
4545:Proto-Uralic
4526:
4519:
4512:
4494:
4451:
4437:
4430:
4421:
4414:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4297:Komi-Permyak
4169:Western Sámi
4142:
4135:
4123:
4117:Eastern Sámi
4108:
4080:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3935:
3923:
3809:Unrecognized
3797:Mishar Tatar
3762:
3755:Finnish Kalo
3601:Scandoromani
3596:Finnish Kalo
3558:
3459:Scandoromani
3409:
3264:
3257:
3235:
3215:
3208:
3188:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3102:Waren Sardne
3100:
3093:
3073:
3053:
3046:
3026:
3019:
3014:Nuorttanaste
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2908:Southwestern
2795:
2760:
2696:
2677:Sami anthems
2574:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2507:
2492:
2481:the original
2468:
2457:the original
2444:
2420:
2412:the original
2407:
2398:
2387:. Retrieved
2378:
2371:
2360:. Retrieved
2358:. 2022-06-09
2355:
2346:
2335:the original
2322:
2314:
2309:
2301:. Data from
2294:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2260:
2251:
2233:
2224:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2183:
2175:
2158:
2155:Saami, South
2150:
2133:
2130:Saami, North
2125:
2108:
2100:
2083:
2075:
2058:
2050:
2033:
2025:
2008:
2005:Saami, Skolt
2000:
1983:
1980:Saami, Inari
1975:
1956:
1946:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1893:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1805:
1791:
1772:
1754:
1736:
1718:
1700:
1682:
1674:
1623:
1549:
1543:
1491:
1414:
1357:The Finnish
1356:
1211:
1208:Availability
1195:
1192:
1185:
1142:D with a bar
1139:
1128:
1105:Ïï Ææ Øø Åå
1097:Ïï Ää Öö Åå
1089:Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ææ
1081:Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ää
1069:Ââ Čč Ʒʒ Ǯǯ
1037:
995:
929:
861:
835:Fennoscandia
831:Proto-Uralic
819:
775:
740:
725: Kildin
716:
706:
675:
674:
614:(2 speakers)
553:
527:
519:
504:
490:
486:
482:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
428:Sámi peoples
419:
415:
373:
371:
352:
343:overlapping.
320:
125:
4521:Meshcherian
4456: [
4442: [
4264:Meadow Mari
4226: [
3966: [
3655:East Danish
3650:Dalecarlian
3272:Yle Ođđasat
2940:Borgarmålet
2857:Kildin Sámi
2829:Kainuu Sámi
2818:Akkala Sámi
2634:Giellatekno
2593:Open access
2105:Saami, Pite
2080:Saami, Lule
1871:Oxfordshire
1851:, Edinburgh
1362: [
1266:Kildin Sámi
1173:Old English
1144:across it (
1066:Skolt Sámi:
1058:Inari Sámi:
1014:Kainuu Sami
1006:Akkala Sami
970:Kildin Sami
845:during the
843:Scandinavia
837:during the
778:Middle Ages
776:During the
767:Scandinavia
606:Kildin Sámi
587:Kainuu Sámi
565:Akkala Sámi
4608:Categories
4560:Proto-Sámi
4292:Komi-Yazva
3742:Recognized
3293:Sameradion
3266:Unna Junná
3251:Television
3237:Samefolket
3075:Sääʹmođđâz
3066:Skolt Sámi
3055:Snåsningen
3007:Muitalægje
2968:Newspapers
2945:Russenorsk
2850:Peninsular
2841:Skolt Sámi
2824:Inari Sámi
2435:2023-12-16
2433:Retrieved
2430:Apple Inc.
2389:2022-12-16
2362:2022-12-16
2215:2022-04-25
2185:Ethnologue
2180:Saami, Ume
2160:Ethnologue
2135:Ethnologue
2110:Ethnologue
2085:Ethnologue
2060:Ethnologue
2055:Saami, Ter
2035:Ethnologue
2010:Ethnologue
1985:Ethnologue
1916:Sananjalka
1774:Ethnologue
1756:Ethnologue
1738:Ethnologue
1720:Ethnologue
1702:Ethnologue
1684:Ethnologue
1667:References
1570:Skolt Sami
1562:Inari Sami
1323:Skolt Sámi
1252:Inari Sámi
1157:Vietnamese
1149:code point
1118:Pite Sámi:
948:Skolt Sami
930:Enare Sami
926:Inari Sami
707:Notozersky
595:Skolt Sámi
573:Inari Sámi
546:Skolt Sami
542:Inari Sami
523:Gävle Sámi
515:Finno-Sami
495:pejorative
205:Variously:
142:Proto-Sámi
136:Early form
4591:varieties
4583:indicate
4402:Samoyedic
4320:Hungarian
4259:Hill Mari
4210:Mordvinic
4082:Krevinian
4020:Meänkieli
4010:Fingelska
3660:Elfdalian
3554:Meänkieli
3389:Norwegian
3288:NRK Sápmi
3181:Lule Sámi
3117:Magazines
3086:Norwegian
3028:Sámi Áigi
2899:Pite Sámi
2889:Lule Sámi
2835:Kemi Sámi
2796:Languages
2761:Languages
2317:6 / 2004.
1938:2489-6470
1875:Routledge
1814:30 August
1602:Sodankylä
1594:Enontekiö
1308:Pite Sámi
1280:Lule Sámi
1165:Icelandic
1131:Norwegian
1110:Ume Sámi:
1010:Kemi Sami
990:ISO 639-3
964:ISO 639-2
942:ISO 639-2
920:ISO 639-2
910:ISO 639-2
906:Pite Sami
900:ISO 639-2
890:ISO 639-2
886:Lule Sami
882:: se/sme
880:ISO 639-2
876:ISO 639-1
865:ISO 639-2
809:loanwords
731: Ter
637:Pite Sámi
631:Lule Sámi
579:Kemi Sámi
322:Glottolog
200:ISO 639-3
182:ISO 639-2
90:Ethnicity
4550:homeland
4528:Muromian
4485:Nganasan
4330:Ob-Ugric
4191:Southern
4181:Northern
4066:Livonian
4044:Karelian
3931:Estonian
3816:Karelian
3769:Northern
3584:Northern
3564:Southern
3430:Northern
3416:Southern
3329:SR Sápmi
3163:Sápmelaš
3000:Min Áigi
2920:Ume Sámi
2862:Ter Sámi
2811:Mainland
2776:Politics
2756:Religion
2573:(1998).
1751:Northern
1679:Southern
1644:See also
1486:Jokkmokk
1359:SFS 5966
1351:Ume Sámi
1002:Ter Sami
998:moribund
988:: LPD,
986:SIL code
962:: LPK,
960:SIL code
940:: LPI,
938:SIL code
896:Ume Sami
802:Karelian
717:Babinsky
662:Ume Sámi
612:Ter Sámi
329:saam1281
254:Northern
214:Southern
4581:Italics
4453:Karagas
4088:Kukkuzi
4032:Ingrian
4005:Finnish
3988:Kraasna
3850:Related
3726:Swedish
3721:Finnish
3665:Gutnish
3618:Yiddish
3549:Finnish
3531:Swedish
3402:Nynorsk
3259:Ođđasat
3228:Swedish
3201:English
2875:Western
2804:Eastern
2751:History
2744:General
2656:Finland
2546:Sources
1606:Utsjoki
1586:Swedish
1578:Finnish
1546:Finland
1520:Finland
1462:Romanes
1230:iPhones
1169:Faroese
1146:Unicode
816:History
798:Finnish
790:Karelia
786:Finland
759:Finland
483:Lappish
480:exonyms
436:Finland
412:English
164:Finland
62:Finland
4506:Others
4496:Yurats
4490:Selkup
4468:Nenets
4423:Koibal
4338:Khanty
4302:Udmurt
4279:Permic
4241:Moksha
4150:Kildin
4137:Kainuu
4125:Akkala
3916:Finnic
3749:Romani
3591:Romani
3454:Romani
3395:Bokmål
3324:Kierâš
3317:Online
3190:Bårjås
3135:Dieđut
2933:Pidgin
2684:, The
2640:Divvun
2628:Risten
2581:
2559:83–98.
1936:
1881:
1626:Russia
1620:Russia
1512:, and
1498:Sweden
1476:Sweden
1466:Romani
1452:, and
1399:Norway
1226:iPadOS
956:Russia
944:: smn
922:: sma
912:: sje
892:: smj
763:Russia
755:Sweden
751:Norway
729:
723:
713:
703:
487:Lappic
476:Saamic
448:Russia
444:Sweden
440:Norway
304:Kildin
294:Akkala
168:Sweden
160:Norway
121:Uralic
80:Region
74:Sweden
72:, and
70:Russia
66:Norway
4514:Merya
4460:]
4446:]
4439:Taygi
4432:Mator
4416:Kamas
4410:Enets
4360:Mansi
4312:Ugric
4234:]
4218:Erzya
4155:Skolt
4131:Inari
4076:Votic
4059:Ludic
4054:Livvi
3995:Leivu
3981:Ludza
3975:Tartu
3970:]
3963:Mulgi
3791:Tatar
3783:Skolt
3776:Inari
3281:Radio
3217:Báiki
3210:Árran
3095:Ságat
2993:Ávvir
2959:Media
2781:Sápmi
2771:Music
2766:Media
2484:(PDF)
2477:(PDF)
2460:(PDF)
2453:(PDF)
2383:(PDF)
2338:(PDF)
2331:(PDF)
1598:Inari
1530:Inari
1370:AltGr
1366:]
1234:iPads
1214:Apple
992:: sjd
966:: sms
952:Inari
934:Inari
902:: smu
743:Sápmi
472:Samic
468:Sámic
464:Saame
460:Saami
420:Saami
284:Skolt
274:Inari
84:Sápmi
38:, or
4287:Komi
4251:Mari
4186:Pite
4176:Lule
4144:Kemi
4109:Sámi
4071:Veps
4015:Kven
3958:Võro
3953:Seto
3763:Sámi
3579:Lule
3574:Pite
3559:Sámi
3449:Kven
3423:Lule
3410:Sámi
3142:Gába
2986:Áššu
2737:Sámi
2735:The
2579:ISBN
2315:Kide
1934:ISSN
1879:ISBN
1816:2020
1769:Kemi
1733:Lule
1715:Pite
1604:and
1464:and
1458:Kven
1372:and
1232:and
1224:and
1196:The
1133:and
820:The
800:and
788:and
780:and
761:and
554:Sámi
544:and
491:Lapp
485:and
474:and
456:Sami
452:Sámi
418:and
416:Sami
407:-mee
372:The
264:Kemi
244:Lule
234:Pite
166:and
126:Sámi
94:Sámi
48:Sámi
4196:Ume
4160:Ter
3569:Ume
2786:ČSV
2501:NRK
2182:at
2157:at
2132:at
2107:at
2082:at
2057:at
2032:at
2007:at
1982:at
1961:doi
1924:doi
1771:at
1753:at
1735:at
1717:at
1699:at
1697:Ume
1681:at
1636:in
1624:In
1544:In
1496:in
1222:iOS
1188:eng
1171:or
1161:eth
932:) (
745:in
430:in
414:as
405:SAH
314:Ter
309:sjt
299:sjd
289:sia
279:sms
269:smn
259:sjk
249:sme
239:smj
229:sje
224:Ume
219:sju
209:sma
190:smi
4610::
4458:ru
4444:ru
4232:ru
4230:;
4228:de
3968:et
2658:–
2514:,
2499:,
2428:.
2406:.
2354:.
2242:^
2208:.
1959:.
1955:.
1932:.
1920:62
1914:.
1873::
1869:,
1865:.
1833:.
1640:.
1600:,
1596:,
1588::
1584:;
1580::
1576:;
1572::
1568:;
1564::
1560:;
1556::
1508:,
1504:,
1472:.
1460:,
1448:,
1444:,
1440:,
1436:,
1432:,
1428:,
1424:,
1376:.
1364:fi
1175:.
1167:,
1155:,
1071:Đđ
984:)
757:,
753:,
540:,
497:.
470:,
466:,
462:,
458:,
454:,
442:,
438:,
389:ɑː
68:,
64:,
34:,
3891:e
3884:t
3877:v
3699:e
3692:t
3685:v
3509:e
3502:t
3495:v
3367:e
3360:t
3353:v
3149:Š
2837:†
2831:†
2820:†
2728:e
2721:t
2714:v
2595:)
2587:.
2438:.
2392:.
2365:.
2218:.
1969:.
1963::
1940:.
1926::
1887:.
1818:.
1552:(
972:(
928:(
878:/
719:)
709:)
590:†
582:†
568:†
398:/
395:i
392:m
386:s
383:ˈ
380:/
376:(
367:.
357:.
170:.
42:.
20:)
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