Sámi peoples - Knowledge

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failure to implement existing laws. Violations of the rights of Indigenous peoples continue, and oil, gas, and mineral development and other activities, (mining, timber cutting, commercial fishing, and tourism) that bring foreign currency into the Russian economy. The life ways and economy of Indigenous peoples of the Russian North are based upon reindeer herding, fishing, terrestrial and sea mammal hunting, and trapping. Many groups in the Russian Arctic are semi-nomadic, moving seasonally to different hunting and fishing camps. These groups depend upon different types of environment at differing times of the year, rather than upon exploiting a single commodity to exhaustion. Throughout northwestern Siberia, oil and gas development has disturbed pastureland and undermined the ability of Indigenous peoples to continue hunting, fishing, trapping, and herding activities. Roads constructed in connection with oil and gas exploration and development destroy and degrade pastureland, ancestral burial grounds, and sacred sites and increase hunting by oil workers on the territory used by Indigenous peoples.

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fishers largely from abroad. This deprived the local Sámi (see Article 21 of the Code of the Murmansk Oblast) of food for their families and community and of their traditional economic livelihood. Thus, closing the fishery to locals may have violated the test articulated by the U.N. Human Rights Committee and disregarded the Land Code, other legislative acts, and the 1992 Presidential decree. Sámi are not only forbidden to fish in the eighty-kilometer stretch leased to the Ponoi River Company but are also required by regional laws to pay for licenses to catch a limited number of fish outside the lease area. Residents of remote communities have neither the power nor the resources to demand enforcement of their rights. Here and elsewhere in the circumpolar north, the failure to apply laws for the protection of Indigenous peoples leads to "criminalization" of local Indigenous populations who cannot survive without "poaching" resources that should be accessible to them legally.

3892: 4912: 2585:. There is no single, unified Sámi parliament that spans across the Nordic countries. Rather, each of the aforementioned three countries has set up its own separate legislatures for Sámi people, even though the three Sámi Parliaments often work together on cross-border issues. In all three countries, they act as an institution of cultural autonomy for the Indigenous Sámi people. The parliaments have very weak political influence, far from autonomy. They are formally public authorities, ruled by the Scandinavian governments, but have democratically elected parliamentarians, whose mission is to work for the Sámi people and culture. Candidates' election promises often get into conflict with the institutions' submission under their governments, but as authorities, they have some influence over the government. 1618: 2477: 1551: 3744: 4294:

part of schooling was not available until 1988. Special residential schools that would assimilate the Sámi into the dominant culture were established. These were originally run by missionaries, but later, controlled by the government. For example, in Russia, Sámi children were taken away when aged 1–2 and returned when aged 15–17 with no knowledge of their language and traditional communities. Not all Sámi viewed the schools negatively, and not all of the schools were brutal. However, being taken from home and prohibited from speaking Sámi has resulted in cultural alienation, loss of language, and lowered self-esteem.

944: 3322: 2512:, submitted a proposal for a Nordic Sámi Convention to the annual joint meeting of the ministers responsible for Sámi affairs in Finland, Norway and Sweden and the presidents of the three Sámi Parliaments from the respective countries. This convention recognizes the Sámi as one Indigenous people residing across national borders in all three countries. A set of minimum standards is proposed for the rights of developing the Sámi language and culture and rights to land and water, livelihoods and society. The convention has not yet been ratified in the Nordic countries. 2269: 528: 1538: 1954: 139: 2679:. Some state that the rights (for reindeer herding and, in some parts, even for fishing and hunting) include not only modern Sápmi but areas that are beyond today's Sápmi that reflect older territories. Today's "borders" originate from the 14th to 16th centuries when land-owning conflicts occurred. The establishment of more stable dwelling places and larger towns originates from the 16th century and was performed for strategic defence and economic reasons, both by peoples from Sámi groups themselves and more southern immigrants. 3296:) can have pointed or curled toes and often have band-woven ankle wraps. Eastern Sámi boots have a rounded toe on reindeer-fur boots, lined with felt and with beaded details. There are different gákti for women and men; men's gákti have a shorter "jacket-skirt" than a women's long dress. Traditional gákti are most commonly in variations of red, blue, green, white, medium-brown tanned leather, or reindeer fur. In winter, there is the addition of a reindeer fur coat and leggings, and sometimes a poncho (luhkka) and rope/lasso. 5769: 2448: 3216: 2332: 3418: 5366: 2350:. Of those, 36 cases involved a determination of the rights of individual Sámi in Finland and Sweden. The committee decisions clarify that Sámi are members of a minority within the meaning of Article 27 and that deprivation or erosion of their rights to practice traditional activities that are an essential element of their culture do come within the scope of Article 27. Finland recognized the Sámi as a "people" in 1995, but has yet to ratify ILO Convention 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples. 4282:. Six of these languages have their own written standards. The Sámi languages are relatively closely related, but not mutually intelligible; for instance, speakers of Southern Sámi cannot understand Northern Sámi. Especially earlier, these distinct languages were referred to as "dialects", but today, this is considered misleading due to the deep differences between the varieties. Most Sámi languages are spoken in several countries, because linguistic borders do not correspond to national borders. 5097: 4834: 4036: 3200: 2444:

gathering activities. The law, however, does not anticipate the transfer of title in fee simply to Indigenous minorities. The law does not recognize development rights, some proprietary rights including compensation for damage to the property, and limited exclusionary rights. It is not clear, however, whether protection of nature in the traditional places of inhabitation implies a right to exclude conflicting uses that are destructive to nature or whether they have the right to veto development.

2171: 3208: 3039: 12997: 5147: 254: 3103: 1786: 3440:, usually sung slowly and deep in the throat with apparent emotional content of sorrow or anger. Joiks can be dedicated to animals and birds in nature, special people or special occasions, and they can be joyous, sad or melancholic. They often are based on syllablic improvisation. In recent years, musical instruments frequently accompany joiks. The only traditional Sámi instruments that were sometimes used to accompany joik are the "fadno" flute (made from reed-like 7117: 4992: 2536: 4794: 5127:(ancient in Europe). Y-chromosome haplogroup N-VL29 makes up 20%, came from Siberia 3500 years ago. Y-chromosome N-Z1936 makes up similarly about 20%, and likely came from Siberia with the Sámi language, but slightly later than N-VL29. This tallies with archeological evidence suggesting that several different cultural groups made their way to the core area of Sámi from 8000 to 6000 BC, presumably including some of the ancestors of present-day Sámi. 2306: 5284: 2213:(1989). The convention states that rights for the Indigenous peoples to land and natural resources are recognized as central for their material and cultural survival. In addition, Indigenous peoples should be entitled to exercise control over, and manage, their own institutions, ways of life and economic development in order to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the states in which they live. 4199: 4044: 3586: 1471: 218: 274: 1320: 1733: 4268: 3576: 182: 3279: 2392: 2469:, calls on the organs of state power of the oblast to facilitate the native peoples of the Kola North, specifically naming the Sámi, "in realization of their rights for preservation and development of their native language, national culture, traditions and customs." The third section of Article 21 states: "In historically established areas of habitation, Sámi enjoy the rights for traditional use of nature and activities." 3756: 1945:, reindeer herders, and Sámi organisations carried out a historic joint campaign, and in 2010, Sámi reindeer herders won some time as a result of these court cases. Industrial logging has now been pushed back from the most important forest areas either permanently or for the next 20 years, though there are still threats, such as mining and construction plans of holiday resorts on the protected shorelines of Lake Inari. 200: 236: 3077:, the "Apostle of the Sámi", burned drums, burned sacred objects, and converted people. Out of the estimated thousands of drums before this period, only about 70 are known to remain today, scattered in museums around Europe. Sacred sites were destroyed, such as sieidi (stones in natural or human-built formations), álda and sáivu (sacred hills), springs, caves and other natural formations where offerings were made. 1312: 2010: 12985: 2664: 2116: 1895: 2746: 125: 4191: 5543: 3149:

profound positive effect on both problems. One account from a Sámi cultural perspective recalls a new desire among the Sámi to learn to read and a "bustle and energy in the church, with people confessing their sins, crying and praying for forgiveness ... and the theft of reindeer diminished, which had a positive influence on the Sámi's relationships, finances and family life."

5780: 2207:(1966). Article 27 protects minorities, and Indigenous peoples, against discrimination: "In those states in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities, shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or use their own language." 513:. As of 2007 about 10% of the Sámi were connected to reindeer herding, which provides them with meat, fur, and transportation; around 2,800 Sámi people were actively involved in reindeer herding on a full-time basis in Norway. For traditional, environmental, cultural, and political reasons, reindeer herding is legally reserved for only Sámi in some regions of the Nordic countries. 2873: 1891:

boarding schools and the legacy of laws that were created to deny the Sámi rights (e.g., to their beliefs, language, land and to the practice of traditional livelihoods). The Sámi are experiencing cultural and environmental threats, including: oil exploration, mining, dam building, logging, climate change, military bombing ranges, tourism and commercial development.

1347:. These groups presumably started to move to the northwest from the homeland of the early Uralic peoples in the second and third quarters of the 2nd millennium BC. On their journey, they used the ancient river routes of northern Russia. Some of these peoples, who may have originally spoken the same western Uralic language, stopped and stayed in the regions between 2798:, Norway. This congress was the first time that Norwegian and Swedish Sámi came together across their national borders to work together to find solutions for common problems. The resolution for celebrating on 6 February was passed in 1992 at the 15th Sámi congress in Helsinki. Since 1993, Norway, Sweden and Finland have recognized 6 February as Sámi National Day. 4077:, the Mid-Finnmark legal office, a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic – one of few on a national level approved for providing full specialist training. Other significant institutions include a Sámi Specialist Medical Centre, and the Sámi Health Research Institute. In addition, the Sápmi cultural park is in the township, and the Sámi-language 3307:-like buttons, tassels, or brass/copper details such as rings. Belts can also have beaded leather pouches, antler needle cases, accessories for a fire, copper rings, amulets, and often a carved and/or scrimshawed antler-handled knife. Some Eastern Sámi also have a hooded jumper (малиц) from reindeer skins with wool inside and above the knee boots. 4181:(Arvidsjaur). New settlers from the south of Sweden did not arrive until the second half of the 18th century. Because of that, Sámi tradition and culture has been well preserved. Sámi people living in the south of Norrbotten, Sweden, use the city for Reindeer herding during the summer. During winter they move the Reindeers to the coast, to Piteå. 3300:

embroidery, and some Eastern Sámi have beading on clothing or collar. Hats vary by sex, season, and region. They can be wool, leather, or fur. They can be embroidered, or in the East, they are more like a beaded cloth crown with a shawl. Some traditional shamanic headgear had animal hides, plaits, and feathers, particularly in East Sápmi.

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the land. From the 19th century Norwegian and Swedish authorities started to regard the Sámi as a "backward" and "primitive" people in need of being "civilized", imposing the Scandinavian languages as the only valid languages of the kingdoms and effectively banning Sámi language and culture in many contexts, particularly schools.

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their land ownership, an idea incompatible with and antithetical to the traditional reindeer-herding Sámi way of life. This has effectively allowed the Finnish government to take without compensation, motivated by economic gain, land occupied by the Sámi for centuries. Non-Sámi Finns began to move to Lapland in the 1550s.

1594:, 60 to 76 percent of northern Norwegian farms were abandoned following the plague, while land-rents, another measure of population, dropped to 9–28% of pre-plague levels. Although the population of northern Norway is sparse compared to southern Europe, the disease spread just as fast. The spread of the plague-carrying 1654:, the tax revenues from this industry greatly diminished. Because of the huge profits that could be had from these fisheries, the local authorities offered incentives to the Sámi—faced with their own population pressures—to settle on the newly vacant farms. This started the economic division between the Sea Sámi ( 1445:, while Scandinavians lived in southern Scandinavia and gradually colonised the Norwegian coast; from the 18th and especially the 19th century, the governments of Norway and Sweden started to assert sovereignty more aggressively in the north, and targeted the Sámi with Scandinavization policies aimed at 4927:

According to the Norwegian Sámi Parliament, the Sámi population of Norway is 40,000. If all people who speak Sámi or have a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent who speaks or spoke Sámi are included, the number reaches 70,000. As of 2021, 20,545 people were registered to vote in the election for

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loanwords in Sámi, particularly for "urban" objects. The majority of the Sámi now speak the majority languages of the countries they live in, i.e., Swedish, Russian, Finnish and Norwegian. Efforts are being made to further the use of Sámi languages among Sámi and persons of Sámi origin. Despite these

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defines as "definitely endangered" to "extinct". This is due in part to historic laws prohibiting the use of Sámi languages in schools and at home in Sweden and Norway. Sámi languages, and Sámi song-chants, called joiks, were illegal in Norway from 1773 until 1958. Then, access to Sámi instruction as

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The colours, patterns and the jewellery of the gákti indicate where a person is from, if a person is single or married, and sometimes can even be specific to their family. The collar, sleeves and hem usually have appliqués in the form of geometric shapes. Some regions have ribbonwork, others have tin

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were burned or sent to museums abroad. In this period, many Sámi practiced their traditional religion at home, while going to church on Sunday. Since the Sámi were considered to possess "witchcraft" powers, they were often accused of sorcery during the 17th century and were the subjects of witchcraft

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The Russian Federation's Land Code reinforces the rights of numerically small peoples ("Indigenous minorities") to use places they inhabit and to continue traditional economic activities without being charged rent. Such lands cannot be allocated for unrelated activities (which might include oil, gas,

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The 1822 Statute of Administration of Non-Russians in Siberia asserted state ownership over all the land in Siberia and then "granted" possessory rights to the natives. Governance of Indigenous groups, and especially collection of taxes from them, necessitated protection of Indigenous peoples against

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As in the other countries claiming sovereignty over Sámi lands, Sámi activists' efforts in Finland in the 20th century achieved limited government recognition of the Sámis' rights as a recognized minority, but the Finnish government has maintained its legally enforced premise that the Sámi must prove

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The tourism industry in Finland has been criticized for turning Sámi culture into a marketing tool by promoting opportunities to experience "authentic" Sámi ceremonies and lifestyle. At many tourist locales, non-Sámi dress in inaccurate replicas of Sámi traditional clothing, and gift shops sell crude

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Reindeer have major cultural and economic significance for Indigenous peoples of the North. The human-ecological systems in the North, like reindeer pastoralism, are sensitive to change, perhaps more than in virtually any other region of the globe, due in part to the variability of the Arctic climate

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State regulation of sea fisheries underwent drastic change in the late 1980s. The regulation linked quotas to vessels and not to fishers. These newly calculated quotas were distributed free of cost to larger vessels on the basis of the amount of the catch in previous years, resulting in small vessels

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The Swedish government has allowed the world's largest onshore wind farm to be built in Piteå, in the Arctic region where the Eastern Kikkejaure village has its winter reindeer pastures. The wind farm will consist of more than 1,000 wind turbines and an extensive road infrastructure, which means that

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giving the Sámi parliament and the Finnmark Provincial council a joint responsibility of administering the land areas previously considered state property. These areas (96% of the provincial area), which have always been used primarily by the Sámi, now belong officially to the people of the province,

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to engage in an export-driven fisheries industry prior to the 19th century, they showed little interest in the harsh and non-arable inland populated by reindeer-herding Sámi. Unlike the Norwegians on the coast who were strongly dependent on their trade with the south, the Sámi in the inland lived off

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and who founded and thus dominated the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden. The migration of Germanic-speaking peoples to Southern Scandinavia happened independently and separate from the Sámi migrations into the northern regions. For centuries, the Sámi and the Scandinavians had relatively little contact;

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In the geographical area of Sápmi, the Sámi are a small population. According to some, the estimated total Sámi population is about 70,000. One problem when attempting to count the population of the Sámi is that there are few common criteria of what "being a Sámi" constitutes. In addition, there are

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has caused these shamans to be generally not viewed as part of an unbroken Sámi religious tradition. Traditional Sámi beliefs are composed of three intertwining elements: animism, shamanism, and polytheism. Sámi animism is manifested in the Sámi's belief that all significant natural objects (such as

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in the sensitive Arctic ecosystems and poisoned fish, meat and berries. Lichens and mosses are two of the main forms of vegetation in the Arctic and are highly susceptible to airborne pollutants and heavy metals. Since many do not have roots, they absorb nutrients, and toxic compounds, through their

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On the Swedish and Finnish sides, the authorities were less militant, although the Sámi language was forbidden in schools and strong economic development in the north led to weakened cultural and economic status for the Sámi. From 1913 to 1920, the Swedish race-segregation political movement created

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holding wheat, rye, or wool, where the fleas were able to live, and even reproduce, for several months at a time. The Sámi lived on fish and reindeer meat, and did not eat wheat or rye. They lived in communities detached from the Norwegians; being only loosely connected to the European trade routes,

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Reindeer Sámi or Mountain Sámi (in Northern Sámi boazosapmelash or badjeolmmosh). Previously nomadic Sámi living as reindeer herders. Now most have a permanent residence in the Sámi core areas. Some 10% of Sámi practice reindeer herding, which is seen as a fundamental part of a Sámi culture and, in

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In April 1999, the Russian Duma passed a law that guarantees socioeconomic and cultural development to all Indigenous minorities, protecting traditional living places and acknowledging some form of limited ownership of territories that have traditionally been used for hunting, herding, fishing, and

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The 1993 Constitution, Article 69 states, "The Russian Federation guarantees the rights of small indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally accepted principles and standards of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation." For the first time in Russia, the rights

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Sámi is one of five national minority languages recognized by Swedish law. The Compulsory School Ordinance states that Sámi pupils are entitled to be taught in their native language; however, a municipality is only obliged to arrange mother-tongue teaching in Sámi if a suitable teacher is available

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In northern Finland, there has been a longstanding dispute over the destruction of forests, which prevents reindeer from migrating between seasonal feeding grounds and destroys supplies of lichen that grow on the upper branches of older trees. This lichen is the reindeer's only source of sustenance

1912:. The Sámi Parliament has opposed and rejected mining projects in the Finnmark area, and demanded that resources and mineral exploration benefit local Sámi communities and populations, as the proposed mines are in Sámi lands and will affect their ability to maintain their traditional livelihood. In 2699:

has introduced a sponsorship "Reindeer Godfather" concept to raise funds for further battles in courts. These "internal conflicts" are usually conflicts between non-Sámi land owners and reindeer owners. Cases question the Sámi ancient rights to reindeer pastures. In 2010, Sweden was criticized for

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Sápmi is rich in precious metals, oil, and natural gas. Mining activities and prospecting to extract these resources from the region often interfere with reindeer grazing and calving areas and other aspects of traditional Sámi life. Some active mining locations include ancient Sámi spaces that are

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The strongest pressure took place from around 1900 to 1940, when Norway invested considerable money and effort to assimilate Sámi culture. Anyone who wanted to buy or lease state lands for agriculture in Finnmark had to prove knowledge of the Norwegian language and had to register with a Norwegian

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regarding the right of the coastal Sámi to fish in the seas on the basis of historical use and international law. State regulation of sea fisheries underwent drastic change in the late 1980s. The regulation linked quotas to vessels and not to fishers. These newly calculated quotas were distributed

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came to northern Norway in December 1349. The Norwegians were closely connected to the greater European trade routes, along which the plague traveled; consequently, they were infected and died at a far higher rate than Sámi in the interior. Of all the states in the region, Norway suffered the most

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Descendants of these Sámi immigrants typically know little of their heritage because their ancestors purposely hid their Indigenous culture to avoid discrimination from the dominating Scandinavian or Nordic culture. Some of these Sámi are part of a diaspora that moved to North America in order to

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In 2010, the Sámi Council supported the establishment of a cultural center in Russia for Arctic peoples. The Center for Northern Peoples aims to promote artistic and cultural cooperation between the Arctic peoples of Russia and the Nordic countries, with particular focus on Indigenous peoples and

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The constitutional amendment states: "It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sámi people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life." This provides a legal and political protection of the Sámi language, culture and society. In

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of and discrimination against the Sámi. On 8 April 2011, recommendations from the UN Racial Discrimination Committee were delivered to Norway, addressing many issues related to the legacy of Norwegianization policies, including the need for more Sámi language education, interpreters, and cultural

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Radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel have been stored in the waters off the Kola Peninsula, including locations that are only "two kilometers" from places where Sámi live. There are a minimum of five "dumps" where spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive waste are being deposited in the Kola

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have been made. In Sweden, taxes on minerals are intentionally low in an effort to increase mineral exploration for economic benefit, though this policy is at the expense of Sámi populations. ILO Convention No. 169 would grant rights to the Sámi people to their land and give them power in matters

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Today in Norway and Sweden, reindeer husbandry is legally protected as an exclusive Sámi livelihood, such that only persons of Sámi descent with a linkage to a reindeer herding family can own, and hence make a living off, reindeer. Presently, about 2,800 people are engaged in reindeer herding in

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Traditionally, the gákti was made from reindeer leather and sinews, but nowadays, it is more common to use wool, cotton, or silk. Women's gákti typically consist of a dress, a fringed shawl that is fastened with 1–3 silver brooches, and boots/shoes made of reindeer fur or leather. Sámi boots (or

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religion to Lutheranism, and the misery caused them by alcoholism. The spiritual understanding Laestadius acquired and shared in his new sermons "filled with vivid metaphors from the lives of the Sámi that they could understand, ... about a God who cared about the lives of the people" had a

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The case of J. Lansman versus Finland concerned a challenge by Sámi reindeer herders in northern Finland to the Finnish Central Forestry Board's plans to approve logging and construction of roads in an area used by the herdsmen as winter pasture and spring calving grounds. Finland has denied any

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Even as late as the early 18th century, there were many Sámi who were still settling on these farms left abandoned from the 1350s. After many years of continuous migration, these Sea Sámi became far more numerous than the reindeer-herding mountain Sámi, who today only make up 10% of all Sámi. In

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in the 18th century. This hypothesis is still accepted among many historians, but has been the subject of scholarly debate in the 21st century. In recent years, several archaeological finds indicate a Sámi presence in southern Norway in the Middle Ages, and in southern Sweden, including finds in

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A very different religious idea is represented by the numerous "wise men" and "wise women" found throughout the Sámi area. They often offer to heal the sick through rituals and traditional medicines and may also combine traditional elements, such as older Sámi teachings, with newer monotheistic

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The Indigenous Sámi population is a mostly urbanised demographic, but a substantial number live in villages in the high Arctic. The Sámi are still coping with the cultural consequences of language and culture loss caused by generations of Sámi children being taken to missionary and/or state-run

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Fishing has always been the main livelihood for the many Sámi living permanently in coastal areas. Archeological research shows that the Sámi have lived along the coast and once lived much farther south in the past, and they were also involved in work other than reindeer herding (e.g., fishing,

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In the Sámi homeland on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia, regional authorities closed a fifty-mile (eighty-kilometer) stretch of the Ponoi River (and other rivers) to local fishing and granted exclusive fishing rights to a commercial company offering catch-and-release fishing to sport

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Throughout the Russian North, Indigenous and local people have difficulties with exercising control over resources upon which they and their ancestors have depended for centuries. The failure to protect Indigenous ways, however, stems not from inadequacy of the written law, but rather from the

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The genetic makeup of Sámi people has been extensively studied for as long as such research has been in existence. Ethnographic photography of the Sámi began with the invention of the camera in the 19th century. This continued on into the 1920s and 1930s, when Sámi were photographed naked and

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family. The game features "Swedes" and a "Swedish king" whose goal is to escape, and an army of "Muscovites" whose goal is to capture the king. Tablut is the only tafl game where a relatively intact set of rules have survived into our time. Hence, all modern versions of tafl (commonly called

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The Sámi recently stopped a water-prospecting venture that threatened to turn an ancient sacred site and natural spring called Suttesaja into a large-scale water-bottling plant for the world market—without notification or consultation with the local Sámi people, who make up 70 percent of the

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Although Indigenous leaders in Russia have occasionally asserted Indigenous rights to land and resources, to date there has been no serious or sustained discussion of Indigenous group rights to ownership of land. Russia has not adopted the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, C169.

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Duodji, the Sámi handicraft, originates from the time when the Sámis were self-supporting nomads, believing therefore that an object should first and foremost serve a purpose rather than being primarily decorative. Men mostly use wood, bone, and antlers to make items such as antler-handled

1809:. With the introduction of seven compulsory years of school in 1889, the Sámi language and traditional way of life came increasingly under pressure from forced cultural normalization. Strong economic development of the north also ensued, giving Norwegian culture and language higher status. 2051:

The Sámi have for centuries, even today, been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant cultures in the nations they have historically inhabited. They have never been a single community in a single region of Sápmi, which until recently was considered only a cultural region.

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population. The Finnish National Board of Antiquities has registered the area as a heritage site of cultural and historical significance, and the stream itself is part of the Deatnu/Tana watershed, which is home to Europe's largest salmon river, an important source of Sámi livelihood.

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in Finnish) is a reindeer-herding corporation that is not restricted by ethnicity. There are indeed some ethnic Finns who practice reindeer herding, and in principle, all residents of the reindeer herding area (most of Finnish Lapland and parts of Oulu province) who are citizens of

2422:(parliament) has adopted partial measures to implement it. The Russian Federation lists distinct Indigenous peoples as having special rights and protections under the Constitution and federal laws and decrees. These rights are linked to the category known since Soviet times as the 3178:, as a number of neopagan religions likewise combine elements of ancient pagan religions with more recent revisions or innovations, but others feel they are attempting to revive or reconstruct Indigenous Sámi religions as found in historic, folkloric sources and oral traditions. 5162:

Sámi graves were plundered to provide research materials, of which their remains and artifacts from this period from across Sápmi can still be found in various state collections. In the late 19th century, colonial fascination with Arctic peoples led to human beings exhibited in

2581:) founded in Finland (1973), Norway (1989) and Sweden (1993) are the representative bodies for peoples of Sámi heritage. Russia has not recognized the Sámi as a minority and, as a result, recognizes no Sámi parliament, even if the Sámi people there have formed an unrecognised 2462:

and mineral development or tourism) without the consent of the Indigenous peoples. Furthermore, Indigenous minorities and ethnic groups are allowed to use environmentally protected lands and lands set aside as nature preserves to engage in their traditional modes of land use.

1578:, and Finnmark counties, they were able to establish commerce, trading fish for products from the south. According to old Nordic texts, the Sea Sámi and the Mountain Sámi are two classes of the same people and not two different ethnic groups, as had been erroneously believed. 4242:, Norway, traditionally considered outside Sápmi. The Norwegian state recognizes any Norwegian as Sámi if he or she has one great-grandparent whose home language was Sámi, but there is not, and has never been, any registration of the home language spoken by Norwegian people. 1996:

In Norway, government plans for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant in the Alta river in Finnmark in northern Norway led to a political controversy and the rallying of the Sámi popular movement in the late 1970s and early 1980s. As a result, the opposition in the

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a race-based biological institute that collected research material from living people and graves. Throughout history, Swedish settlers were encouraged to move to the northern regions through incentives such as land and water rights, tax allowances, and military exemptions.

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support. One committee recommendation was that discrimination against someone based upon their language be added to Article 1 of the Norwegian Discrimination and Accessibility Act. A new present status report was to have been ready by the end of 2012. In 2018, The

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of the Sámi people that had occurred in the four countries over the centuries, population estimates are difficult to measure precisely. The population has been estimated to be between 80,000 and 135,000 across the whole Nordic region, including urban areas such as

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From an Indigenous perspective, people "belong to the land", the land does not belong to people, but this does not mean that hunters, herders, and fishing people do not know where the borders of their territories are located as well as those of their neighbors.

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environment. Indeed, throughout the 18th century, as Norwegians of Northern Norway suffered from low fish prices and consequent depopulation, the Sámi cultural element was strengthened, since the Sámi were mostly independent of supplies from Southern Norway.

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Sápmi Park – Located Karasjok, Norway, Sápmi Park and visitor center presents the Sámi culture and its history through exhibits and a special effect theater presentation, entitled "The Magic Theater" designed originally by award-winning experience designer

3016:. Generally, he claims to have filtered out the Norse influence and derived common elements between the South, North, and Eastern Sámi groups. The mythology has common elements with other Indigenous religions as well—such as those of Indigenous peoples in 4975:

According to the Finnish Population Registry Center and the Finnish Sámi Parliament, the Sámi population living in Finland was 10,753 in 2019. As of 31 December 2021, only 2,023 people were registered as speaking a Sámi language as their mother tongue.

2975:, it is the dwelling of humans and it is associated with the color red. The third world is the underworld and it is associated with the color black, it represents the north, the cold and it is inhabited by otters, loons, and seals and mythical animals. 4314:

changes, the legacy of cultural repression still exists. Many older Sámi still refuse to speak Sámi. In addition, Sámi parents still feel alienated from schools and hence do not participate as much as they could in shaping school curricula and policy.

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agriculture, iron work). The fishing along the north Norwegian coast, especially in the Lofoten and Vesterålen islands, is quite productive, with a variety of fish; during medieval times, it was a major source of income for both the fishermen and the

8356:

Kuokkanen, Rauna; Bulmer, Marja K. (2006). "Suttesaja: from a sacred Sámi site and natural spring to a water bottling plant? The effects of colonization in Northern Europe". In Echoes from the Poisoned Well: Global Memories of Environmental Justice,

11023:. A large and geographically diverse group of regional editors and contributors, some of whom had already been involved in the previous two editions, worked with Christopher Moseley to provide and validate languages data and write essays. UNESCO. 5159:

anatomically measured by scientists, with the help of the local police—sometimes at gunpoint—to collect data that would justify their own racial theories. Thus, there is a degree of distrust by some in the Sámi community towards genetic research.

1979:

Government authorities and NATO have built bombing-practice ranges in Sámi areas in northern Norway and Sweden. These regions have served as reindeer calving and summer grounds for thousands of years, and contain many ancient Sámi sacred sites.

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Before the era of forced Scandinavization policies, the Norwegian and Swedish authorities had largely ignored the Sámi and did not interfere much in their way of life. While Norwegians moved north to gradually colonise the coast of modern-day

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the feasibility of using the area for winter grazing in practice is impossible. Sweden has received strong international criticism, including by the UN Racial Discrimination Committee and the Human Rights Committee, that Sweden violates Sámi

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offers day care and preschool education in the Sámi language, and then as basic education first as supplementary native language education starting from the first grade and as a voluntary subject on its own starting from the fourth grade.

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before the springtime reindeer migration to the coast. These festivals combine traditional culture with modern phenomena such as snowmobile races. They celebrated the new year known as Ođđajagemánnu. Shamanic culture is celebrated at the

5002:

There are an estimated 30,000 people living in North America who are either Sámi, or descendants of Sámi. Most have settled in areas that are known to have Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish immigrants. Some of these concentrated areas are

3552:

Partner and group dancing have been a part of Skolt Sámi culture and among Sámi on the Kola Peninsula since at least the second half of the 1800s. These square dances, couple dances, circle dances, and singing games are influenced by

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Sápmi, the Sámi traditional lands, cross four national borders. Traditional summer and winter pastures sometimes lie on different sides of the borders of the nation-states. In addition to that, there is a border drawn for modern-day

2520:

Sápmi demonstrates a distinct semi-national identity that transcends the borders between Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. There is no movement for sovereign state, but they do seek greater autonomy in respective nation states.

2731:, first gained acceptance among the Sámi in the 1970s, and even later among the majority population. During the 1980s and 1990s, a Sámi flag was created, a Sámi anthem was written, and the date of a national day was established. 2083:

In Finland, where Sámi children, like all Finnish children, are entitled to day care and language instruction in their own language, the Finnish government has denied funding for these rights in most of the country, including in

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Unlike many other Indigenous peoples, traditional dance is generally not a visible manifestation of Sámi identity. This has led to a common misconception that Sámi, at least in western Sápmi, have no traditional dance culture.

2030:

leaves. The lichens accumulated airborne radiation, and 73,000 reindeer had to be killed as "unfit" for human consumption in Sweden alone. The government promised Sámi indemnification, which was not acted upon by government.

1924:

which operated a drilling program in lands used for grazing reindeer during the winter. There is often local opposition to new mining projects where environmental impacts are perceived to be very large, as very few plans for

4009:, the Sámi Language Board, the Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous People, and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry. In addition, several Sámi media are located in Kautokeino including the Sámi-language 4971:

According to the Swedish Sámi Parliament, estimates of the size of the Sámi population of Sweden ranges from 20,000 to 40,000. As of 2021, 9,226 people were registered to vote in elections to the Swedish Sámi Parliament.

2982:, possibly from early contacts with trading Vikings (or vice versa). They were the last worshippers of Thor, as late as the 18th century according to contemporary ethnographers. Through a mainly French initiative from 6438: 2075:

policies, which began in the 1800s and lasted until the 1970s. In 2020, Sweden funded the establishment of an independent truth commission to examine and document past abuse of Sámi by the Swedish state. In 2021, the

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addition the "amendment implies a legal, political and moral obligation for Norwegian authorities to create an environment conducive to the Sámis themselves influencing on the development of the Sámi community".

3659:

where each player controls a set of soldiers (referred to as "women" and "men") that race across a board in a loop, attempting to eliminate the other player's soldiers. The game is related to South Scandinavian

2043:

reproductions of Sámi handicraft. One popular "ceremony", crossing the Arctic Circle, actually has no significance in Sámi spirituality. To some Sámi, this is an insulting display of cultural exploitation.

3174:

animals, plants, rocks, etc.) possess a soul; and from a polytheistic perspective, traditional Sámi beliefs include a multitude of spirits. Many contemporary practitioners are compared to practitioners of

2935:, a strong emphasis on the importance of personal spirituality and its interconnectivity with one's own daily life, and a deep connection between the natural and spiritual "worlds". Among other roles, the 3532:

The Sámi modern dance company Kompani Nomad looked to old descriptions of shamanistic rituals and behaviors to identify "lost" Sámi dances and reimagine them through contemporary dance. An example is the

2970:

Sámi cosmology divides the universe into three worlds. The upper world is related to the South, warmth, life, and the color white. It is also the dwelling of the gods. The middle world is like the Norse

5067:

escape assimilation policies in their home countries. There were also several Sámi families that were brought to North America with herds of reindeer by the U.S. and Canadian governments as part of the

2688:(Sámi corporation) gives rights. A different law enacted in Sweden in the mid-1990s gave the right to anyone to fish and hunt in the region, something that was met with skepticism and anger amongst the 1937:. Oil spills affect fishing and the construction of roads. There is a gas pipeline that stretches across the Kola Peninsula, and power lines cut off access to reindeer calving grounds and sacred sites. 8055: 1412:

and archeological findings such as settlements, dating from about 10,000 BC can be found in Lapland and Finnmark, although these have not been demonstrated to be related to the Sámi people. These

5241:(1903–1986) Born in Arjeplog. A Swedish-Sámi linguist, politician and professor of Sámi languages and culture at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. Israel Ruong spoke Pite Sámi as his mother tongue. 2231: 6818: 4219:(which can be said to, at some level or other, be of high importance for all Sámi), the geographical region of Sápmi where their family came from, and/or protecting or preserving certain aspects of 3520:

In addition to Duodji (Sámi handicraft), there is a developing area of contemporary Sámi visual art. Galleries such as Sámi Dáiddaguovddáš (Sami Center for Contemporary Art) are being established.

1492:, commissioned by the Norwegian government in 1889 to determine this question in order to settle contemporary questions of Sámi land rights, concluded that the Sámi had lived no farther south than 5956: 1675:

free of charge to larger vessels on the basis of the amount of the catch in previous years, resulting in small vessels in Sámi districts falling outside the new quota system to a large degree.

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newspaper, and the DAT Sámi publishing house and record company. Kautokeino also hosts the, which includes the Sámi Grand Prix 2010 (Sámi Musicfestival) and the Reindeer Racing World Cup. The

1933:

In Russia's Kola Peninsula, vast areas have already been destroyed by mining and smelting activities, and further development is imminent. This includes oil and natural gas exploration in the

1683:

As the Sea Sámi settled along Norway's fjords and inland waterways, pursuing a combination of farming, cattle raising, trapping and fishing, the minority Mountain Sámi continued to hunt wild

8716: 2353:

Sámi in Finland have had access to Sámi language instruction in some schools since the 1970s, and language rights were established in 1992. There are three Sámi languages spoken in Finland:

919:

to refer to Sámi people, although the Sámi themselves now consider this to be an inappropriate term. Finnish immigrants to Northern Norway in the 18th and 19th centuries were referred to as

8401: 7457:

Mathisen, Stein R. (2004). "Ethnic Identities in Global and Local Discourses: Contested Narratives of Sámi Ethnic Heritage". In Kupiainen, Jari; Sevänen, Erkki; Stotesbury, John A. (eds.).

13739: 13888: 6734: 1976:), including by not regulating industry. In Norway some Sámi politicians (for example—Aili Keskitalo) suggest giving the Sámi Parliament a special veto right on planned mining projects. 1382:

and spread from there. When the speakers of this language extended to the area of modern-day Finland, they encountered groups of peoples who spoke a number of smaller ancient languages (

3376:

A number of novels and poetry collections are published every year in Northern Sámi, and sometimes in the other Sámi languages as well. The largest Sámi publishing house is Davvi Girji.

1821:

in the 1920s, which increased the gap between local Sámi groups (something still present today) that sometimes has the character of an internal Sámi ethnic conflict. Another example of

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Sweden recognised the existence of the "Sámi nation" in 1989, but the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, C169 has not been adopted. The Sametingslag was established as the

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Tambets, Kristiina; Metspalu, Mait; Lang, Valter; Villems, Richard; Kivisild, Toomas; Kriiska, Aivar; Thomas, Mark G.; Díez-del-Molino, David; Crema, Enrico Ryunosuke (20 May 2019).

2133:

as described below), and therefore, according to international law, the Sámi people in Norway are entitled special protection and rights. The legal foundation of the Sámi policy is:

11349: 9048: 8555: 3985:. The opposition against Sámi language and culture revitalization in Gáivuotna was infamous in the late 1990s and included Sámi-language road signs being shot to pieces repeatedly. 4103:

Sámi newspaper. The Finnmarkseiendommen organization owns and manages about 95% of the land in Finnmark, and 50% of its board members are elected by the Norwegian Sámi Parliament.

3925: 2365:. Of these languages, Inari Sámi, which is spoken by about 350 speakers, is the only one that is used entirely within the borders of Finland, mainly in the municipality of Inari. 10032: 8121: 4837:

This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.

2418:

The Russian Federation ratified the 1966 U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Section 2 explicitly forbids depriving a people of "its own means of subsistence". The

1703:, as they crossed each border while following the annual reindeer migrations; this caused much resentment over the years. Between 1635 and 1659, the Swedish crown forced Swedish 11476: 3373:, in Kautokeino on the Norwegian side, as well as in Kiruna on the Swedish side. Both tour the entire Sámi area with drama written by Sámi authors or international translations. 2695:

Court proceedings have been common throughout history, and the aim from the Sámi viewpoint is to reclaim territories used earlier in history. Due to a major defeat in 1996, one

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To make up for past suppression, the authorities of Norway, Sweden and Finland now make an effort to build up Sámi cultural institutions and promote Sámi culture and language.

6040: 3871:. About 3,000 of Finland's about 10,000 people speak Sámi as their mother tongue. Today, a considerable part of the Finnish Sámi live outside the Sápmi region, for example in 2776:

describing the Sámi as sons and daughters of the sun. The flag has the Sámi colours, red, green, yellow and blue, and the circle represents the sun (red) and the moon (blue).

2242: 11318: 3697:) by having pieces of three different ranks. The game's two sides are referred to as "Sámi" (king, prince, warriors) and "Finlenders" (landowners, landowner's son, farmers). 8550: 7500:(1891). "Lappernes fremrykning mot syd i Trondhjems stift og Hedemarkens amt" [The incursion of Lapps southwards in the see of Trondhjem and county of Hedemarken]. 7277:

Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Haak, Wolfgang; Onkamo, Päivi; Pääbo, Svante; Kelso, Janet; Sajantila, Antti; Weihmann, Antje; Ongyerth, Matthias (27 November 2018).

6517: 3627:

nationals resident in the area. In the north (Lapland), it plays a major role in the local economy, while its economic impact is lesser in the southern parts of the area (

1529:. Proponents of the Sámi interpretations of these finds assume a mixed population of Norse and Sámi people in the mountainous areas of southern Norway in the Middle Ages. 4124: 4074: 12409: 10838: 15479: 14285: 2844:

for the first time on 1 April 1906. In August 1986, it became the Sámi anthem. Arne Sørli set the poem to music, which was then approved at the 15th Sámi Conference in

14074: 10743: 10187: 7252: 6711: 15638: 12690: 1854:, the pressure was relaxed, though the legacy was evident into recent times, such as the 1970s law limiting the size of any house Sámi people were allowed to build. 10251: 8255: 9590: 3997:(Kautokeino) is perhaps the cultural capital of the Sámi. About 90% of the population speaks Sámi. Several Sámi institutions are located in Kautokeino including: 9073:

Pikkarainen, Heidi (2008). "Discrimination of the Sami – the rights of the Sami from a discrimination perspective". Ombudsmannen mot etnisk diskriminering (DO).

5672:(1877–1931), politician and activist. Organized the first international Sámi conference and wrote a rhetorically powerful pamphlet of resistance to colonization. 3286:

Gákti are the traditional clothing worn by the Sámi people. The gákti is worn both in ceremonial contexts and while working, particularly when herding reindeer.

1390:). As the language spread further, it became segmented into dialects. The geographical distribution of the Sámi has evolved over the course of history. From the 755:, including when addressing outsiders in Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, or English. In Norwegian and Swedish, the Sámi are today referred to by the localized form 10165: 8152: 4055:(Jokkmokk) holds a Sámi market on the first weekend of every February and has a Sámi school for language and traditional knowledge called Samij Åhpadusguovdásj. 1015:

s. In fact, Saxo never explicitly connects the Sámi with the "two Laplands". The term "Lapp" was popularized and became the standard terminology by the work of

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Two great challenges Laestadius had faced since his early days as a church minister were the indifference of his Sámi parishioners, who had been forced by the

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Desertion and Land Colonization in the Nordic Countries c. 1300–1600: comparative report from the Scandinavian research project on deserted farms and villages

1838:

In 1913, the Norwegian parliament passed a bill on "native act land" to allocate the best and most useful lands to Norwegian settlers. Another factor was the

837:, 'skiing Finn') was the name originally used by Norse speakers (and their proto-Norse speaking ancestors) to refer to the Sámi, as attested in the Icelandic 14373: 10816: 10402: 10378:

Hoppu, Petri (June 2016). Shay, Anthony; Sellers-Young, Barbara (eds.). "Dancing Multiple Identities: Preserving and Revitalizing Dances of the Skolt Sámi".

4847:

Many Sámi do not speak any of the Sámi languages any more due to historical assimilation policies, so the number of Sámi living in each area is much higher.

3668:

and Indian tablan. Sáhkku differs from these games in several respects, most notably the addition of a piece – "the king" – that changes gameplay radically.

8472: 4070: 12827: 11887: 11851: 7094: 6416: 5701: 4753: 4636: 2343: 2320:(Finnish: Saamelaiskäräjät) was passed on 9 November 1973. Sámi people have had very little representation in Finnish national politics. In fact, in 2007, 2204: 2080:

made a formal apology to Sweden's Sámi population for its role in forced conversions and Swedification efforts, outlining a multiyear reconciliation plan.

14079: 8655: 8017: 7759: 6066: 5660:(1947–present), politician. The first President of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament (NSR) and first Chairman of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. 12496: 8090: 4893:). These lived traditionally by combining fishing and small-scale farming. Today, often used for all Sámi from the coast regardless of their occupation. 3909:

The following municipalities have a significant Sámi population or host Sámi institutions (Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish or Russian name in parentheses):

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Reindeer husbandry has been and still is an important aspect of Sámi culture. Traditionally the Sámi lived and worked in reindeer herding groups called

2757:, Sweden, on 15 August 1986. It was the result of a competition for which many suggestions were entered. The winning design was submitted by the artist 1436:

The Sámi have a complex relationship with the Scandinavians (known as Norse people in the medieval era), the dominant peoples of Scandinavia, who speak

6058: 5887: 4464: 14392: 8747: 2199:

Norway has also accepted international conventions, declarations and agreements applicable to the Sámi as a minority and Indigenous people including:

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The gákti can be worn with a belt; these are sometimes band-woven belts, woven, or beaded. Leather belts can have scrimshawed antler buttons, silver

2192:

In addition, the Sámi have special rights to reindeer husbandry. In 2007, the Norwegian Parliament passed the new Reindeer Herding Act acknowledging

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The Sámi and Norwegian languages have equal standing in Norway (section 15; Chapter 3 contains details with regards to the use of the Sámi language).

11142: 5107:

have been studying the Sámi people for hundreds of years for their assumed physical and cultural differences from the rest of the Europeans. Recent

11086:

Corson, David (1995). "Norway's Sami Language Act': Emancipatory Implications for the World's Aboriginal Peoples". Language in Society 24: 493–513.

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in itself—one must declare that one truly considers oneself a Sámi. Objective criteria vary, but are generally related to kinship and/or language.

12105: 11136:"Language Proficiency and Ethnicity: The Sami Case by Håkan Rydving. In Senri Ethnological Studies (SES) No.66 Circumpolar Ethnicity and Identity" 9623: 8949: 8393: 1566:. The Sámi hunted reindeer and fished for their livelihood. The Norwegians, who were concentrated on the outer islands and near the mouths of the 14591: 14387: 9382: 8288: 4154: 3129:. This movement is still very dominant in Sámi-speaking areas. Laestadius spoke many languages, and he became fluent and preached in Finnish and 2256: 9248: 6580: 3619:

Norway. In Finland, reindeer husbandry is not exclusive and is also practiced to a limited degree by ethnic Finns. Legally, it is restricted to

9897: 9443: 9225: 8681:

Rogers, John; Nelson, Marie C. (2003). ""Lapps, Finns, Gypsies, Jews, and idiots"? Modernity and the use of statistical categories in Sweden".

7763: 6356: 2210: 2130: 12198: 11206: 5235:. She carried out several studies of pre-Christian religion among the Sámi and made contributions in the study of Sámi sociology and language. 15142: 13054: 9936: 3480: 1957: 12322: 12272: 12063: 12007: 11431: 10929: 10286: 9649:. Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht. Vol. 290. Berlin & Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. pp. 57–69. 5623:

heritage, on her father's and mother's sides, respectively. Works in multiple genres including experimental, documentary, drama, and action.

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There is no official geographic definition for the boundaries of Sápmi. However, the following counties and provinces are usually included:

4881:

A division often used in Northern Sámi is based on occupation and the area of living. This division is also used in many historical texts:

3475:

Numerous Sámi festivals throughout the Sápmi area celebrate different aspects of the Sámi culture. The best known on the Norwegian side is

2505: 2065: 11341: 10898: 10594: 9557: 9040: 8237: 7403: 3561:. This eastern Sápmi dance tradition has been more continuous and has been adapted by modern Sámi dance companies such as Johtti Kompani. 14154: 11865: 11561: 9804: 8822: 6905: 4859:

Eastern Sápmi (Inari, Skolt, Akkala, Kildin and Teri Sámi in Kola peninsula (Russia) and Inari (Finland, formerly also in eastern Norway)

4138: 3891: 3642:

The Sámi have traditionally played both card games and board games, but few Sámi games have survived, because Christian missionaries and

2249: 8423:

Skuterud, Lavrans; Gaare, Eldar; Eikelmann, Inger; Hove, Knut; Steinnes, Eilive (2005). "Chernobyl Radioactivity Persists in Reindeer".

7945: 7156: 6474: 4153:(Snåsa) is a center for the Southern Sámi language and the only municipality in Norway where Southern Sámi is an official language. The 2088:, the largest municipality in Finnish Lapland. Sámi activists have pushed for nationwide application of these basic rights. The city of 1488:

How far south the Sámi extended in the past has been debated among historians and archeologists for many years. The Norwegian historian

14580: 11468: 10016: 9094: 8774:

European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: Investigating the Triangle of Racial, Gender and Disability Discrimination

8633: 8113: 7848: 6334: 4120: 2428:("small-numbered peoples"), a term that is often translated as "Indigenous minorities", which include Arctic peoples such as the Sámi, 12379: 10969: 9402: 8545: 6169:(2019), animated film about "a postman stationed in a town to the North who befriends a reclusive toy-maker" featuring Sámi characters 3731:

can be either misleading or offensive, or both, to Sámi, depending on the context and where this word is used. Among the Sámi people,

11168: 11024: 9469: 6967: 6384: 4968:

in Northern Troms. This area is also known as the Sámi core area, and Sámi and Norwegian are co-equal administrative languages here.

13498: 9008: 4911: 13457: 11310: 6296: 6235:"Population continuity between the PWC and modern Saami can be rejected under all assumed ancestral population size combinations." 5678:(1875–1925), politician and writer. Was the first Sámi parliamentarian (Norwegian Labour Party) and wrote the Sámi national anthem. 5666:(1973–present) politician. The first Sámi member of Government (Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, Norwegian Labour Party). 5338:(1875–1925), politician and writer. Was the first Sámi parliamentarian (Norwegian Labour Party) and wrote the Sámi national anthem. 4123:– centre for South Sámi culture – a living source of knowledge for South Sámi culture, history and business. Staare also hosts the 3615:, the areas in which reindeer herding was an important livelihood were among the few where the Sámi culture and language survived. 3353:

shows in Sámi are also frequently made. There is also a radio station for Northern Sámi, which has some news programs in the other

2919:, allowing for the evolution of variations in beliefs and practices between tribes. The beliefs are closely connected to the land, 2338:. The three northernmost municipalities Utsjoki, Inari and Enontekiö and part of Sodankylä are officially considered the Sámi area. 13023: 10846: 3715:

and spans four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Non-Sámi and many regional maps have often called this same region

2068:

to lay the foundation for recognition of the experiences of the Sámi subject to Norwegianization and the subsequent consequences.

10131: 9531: 7529: 6505: 5870: 4245:

Roughly half of all Sámi live in Norway, but many live in Sweden, with smaller groups living in the far north of Finland and the

2987: 12694:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Vol. 63. Leiden: Brill. 11124:, pp. 1–34. Osaka and Fairbanks: National Museum of Ethnology and Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. 11120:

Krauss, M. E. 1997. The indigenous languages of the North: A report on their present state. In H. Shoji and J. Janhunen (eds.),

9135: 3080:

In the far east of the Sámi area, the Russian monk Trifon converted the Sámi in the 16th century. Today, St. George's chapel in

1691:, often portrayed by outsiders as following the traditional Sámi lifestyle. The Mountain Sámi had to pay taxes to three states, 12550:"Jikŋon 2 sáhttá oaidnit juo ovdal vuosttaseahkeda – sámegielat filmma ovdačájáhusat aŋkke Anáris, Ohcejogas ja Roavvenjárggas" 10992: 9169: 8898: 8425: 12401: 12127: 12041: 11901: 8797: 7115: 6993: 5214: 3033: 1340: 15855: 14130: 13927: 12970: 12952: 12938: 12924: 12910: 12835: 12699: 10329: 10224: 10026: 9999: 9869: 9798: 9662: 9078: 8881: 8856: 8781: 8578: 8529: 7541: 7481: 7441: 7204: 7088: 6792: 6705: 6543: 6016:) (1988), film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film; filmed in Norway featuring Sámi actors speaking in Sámi 5700:(1976–present), former vice-president of the Sámi Parliament in Norway, first Sámi woman with a PhD in law, member of the UN 4309:. Due to prolonged contact and import of items foreign to Sámi culture from neighboring Scandinavians, there are a number of 3557:

and Northern Russian dance cultures, likely under the influence of Russian traders, military service under the tsar, and the

2347: 2224: 10753: 10191: 9288: 8972: 7998: 7244: 7034: 6691: 6062:(2008), an examination of how the traditions of the Sámi villagers in northern Sweden are confronted with modern-day society 3169:

arrangements, or for tourist groups. While they practice a religion based on that of their ancestors, widespread anti-pagan

868:"found" their food, rather than grew it. This etymology has superseded older speculations that the word might be related to 12465: 6585: 2403:

exploitation by traders and settlers. During the Soviet era, the inhabitants of the Kola tundra were forcibly relocated to

1825:

occurred between 1919 and 1920 in Norway and Sweden. This has been the topic of a recent work of journalism by Sámi author

10247: 8265: 12526: 12431: 6443: 2887:

Many Sámi people continued to practice their religion up until the 18th century. Most Sámi today belong to the state-run

2700:

its relations with the Sámi in the Universal Periodic Review conducted by the Working Group of the Human Rights Council.

15066: 11978: 11585:"The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic "Outliers" Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes" 10776: 10720: 7587: 15875: 12633: 9579: 8494: 6274: 3021: 2290:

In 2010, after 15 years of negotiation, Laponiatjuottjudus, an association with Sámi majority control, will govern the

1285:. This can be confusing for foreign visitors because of the similar lives Finns and Sámi people live today in Lapland. 985:"Lapland" (possibly meaning "wilderness in the north"), the original meaning being unknown. It is unknown how the word 10465: 1617: 15830: 13047: 12246: 11826: 11707: 10157: 9253: 8597: 8214: 8209: 8144: 7673: 7636: 6103:(2009), in which the filmmaker finds out that her mother has been hiding her Arctic Indigenous Sámi heritage from her 3930: 2476: 1772: 1363:

from 1600 to 1500 BC later "became" the Sámi. The Sámi people arrived in their current homeland some time during the

424: 11228:

Corson, David (1995). "Norway's "Sámi Language Act": Emancipatory Implications for the World's Aboriginal Peoples".

8659: 3634:

Among the reindeer herders in Sámi villages, the women usually have a higher level of formal education in the area.

3537:(ecstasy dance) described in sources from the 16th and 17th centuries, but which was adapted by Swedish–Sámi priest 3000:, since by his own admission, they contained only a small percentage of what had existed. The fragments were termed 2955:. Some practices within the Sámi religion include natural sacred sites such as mountains, springs, land formations, 1941:

during the winter months, when snow is deep. The logging has been under the control of the state-run forest system.

1057:

were originally used in Sweden and Finland and, through Swedish, adopted by many major European languages: English:

676:, though the precise route is debated and proposals usually involve complex processes of borrowing and reborrowing. 15845: 15840: 15835: 14123: 11725: 11548:"Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe: Table 1 Sample information" 11288: 9834: 6131:(2013), features a major character named Kristoff who wears clothing resembling Sámi attire and has a pet reindeer. 3170: 11796: 11758: 10808: 10680: 10409: 10353: 6873: 1750: 1550: 1343:

in Europe. The speakers of Finnic and Sámi languages have their roots in the middle and upper Volga region in the

9358:"Tundra Disturbance Studies, III: Short-term Effects of Aeolian Sand and Dust, Yamal Region, Northwest Siberia". 8461: 6154: 6139:(2019), features the forest tribe known as the Northuldra, which is based on the Sámi people, and the theme song 6111:(2016), crime series which revolves around Sámi culture and conflicts of Sámi culture with modern Swedish society 4167:

and the Norwegian Sámi Parliament's department of culture and environment. The first Sámi to be elected into the

1802: 11508: 10121:, Trans. Börje Vähämäki, Aspasia Books, Beaverton, Ont. Canada. (2002), p.24 (introduction by Juha Pentikäinen). 10054:

Willumsen, L.H. (1997). "Witches of the high north: The Finnmark witchcraft trials in the seventeenth century".

9099: 7967: 7078: 6405: 5763: 5506: 1909: 15358: 12659: 11675:

Larsen, Peter. "Individual and type: Early ethnographic photography". Norway: University of Bergen. p. 54.

10117: 7141: 6784: 5912: 2996: 1754: 639: 12602: 9765: 8025: 3646:

considered such games sinful. Only the rules of three Sámi board games have been preserved into modern times.

3461:

is located in Kautokeino. Sámi language is studied in several universities in all countries, most notably the

15695: 15428: 14844: 14772: 13981: 12867: 12852: 12576: 12488: 12348: 11379: 10282: 8078: 7972: 6963: 3455:

Education with Sámi as the first language is available in all four countries, and also outside the Sámi area.

2072: 472:. The region of Sápmi was formerly known as Lapland, and the Sámi have historically been known in English as 13491: 9505: 6622: 5575: 5537: 5323: 3998: 3917: 3370: 2727:

Although the Sámi have considered themselves to be one people throughout history, the idea of Sápmi, a Sámi

2317: 1818: 15850: 15384: 13040: 12989: 8739: 6024:, a 1999 documentary about the scientific racism and racial classification movement carried out on the Sámi 5616: 5580: 5135: 875:

As Old Norse gradually developed into the separate Scandinavian languages, Swedes apparently took to using

13462: 12711:"Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians" 12297: 10876: 10548: 10309: 9645:

Kirchner, Stefan (2020). "Cross-Border Forms of Animal Use by Indigenous Peoples". In Peters, Anne (ed.).

7902: 7557:

Skalleberg Gjerde, Hege (2009). "Samiske tufter i Hallingdal?" [Sami foundations in Hallingdal?].

4899:

who traditionally lived by combining fishing in inland rivers and lakes with small-scale reindeer-herding.

2582: 2551: 2280: 2157: 2119: 1873:) of the Sámi people were created. In 1989, the first Sámi parliament in Norway was elected. In 2005, the 15668: 11135: 10435: 8632:(Report). Vol. 66th Session, Supplement No. 28 (A/66/18). New York: United Nations. pp. 72–78. 5797: 5079: 5020: 4019:

in 1852 is one of the few Sámi rebellions against the Norwegian government's oppression against the Sámi.

3683:"Hnefatafl" and marketed exclusively as "Norse" or "Viking" games) are based on the Sámi game of tablut. 3053:

usually refers to the traditional religion, practiced by most Sámi until approximately the 18th century.

17: 11409: 10087: 9727: 9442:(Report). New York: United Nations, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. 19–30 April 2010. p. 19. 8942:[The Sámi Act: Act 1987-06-12 no. 56: Act on the Sámi Parliament and other Sámi legal matters]. 8174: 7030: 6217:

In Norway, there is no clear legal definition of who is Sámi. Therefore, exact numbers are not possible.

4215:

due to the forced cultural assimilation, but still consider themselves Sámi. Other identity markers are

3949:(Hattfjelldal) is a southern Sámi center with a Southern Sámi-language school and a Sámi culture center. 1687:. Around 1500, they started to tame these animals into herding groups, becoming the well-known reindeer 12823: 12101: 11637: 9861: 9615: 9159:"Jouni E. Länsman et al. v. Finland, Communication No. 671/1995, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/58/D/671/1995 (1996)" 8939: 7459:

Cultural Identity in Transition: Contemporary Conditions, Practices and Politics of a Global Phenomenon

7116:

International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences Commission on Nomadic Peoples (1983).

5922: 4249:

of Russia. The Sámi in Russia were forced by the Soviet authorities to relocate to a collective called

3767: 2291: 12224: 6406:"Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" 5091: 4002: 3743: 3458: 1711:, causing many Sámis to emigrate from the area to avoid forced labour. As a result, the population of 1359:, and even further to the east and to the southeast. The groups of these peoples that ended up in the 15570: 15423: 13846: 12815: 11051: 10668:

Dablot prejjesne och dablot duoljesne. Tvänne lappska spel från Frostviken, förklarade och avbildade.

9586: 9436: 9258: 7752: 6900: 6813: 6590: 5750: 5524: 5451:(1913–1999), Sámi joiker and artist. Also noted for being part of the resistance movement during WW2. 5424: 5353: 5287: 4916: 4862:

Northern Sápmi (Northern, Lule and Pite Sámi in most of northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland)

4250: 4106: 3946: 3880: 2408: 2396: 1830: 1387: 1383: 11104: 11072: 10522: 9886: 9233: 8379: 8342: 7884: 7063: 6366: 4965: 4761: 4722: 4683: 4644: 4598: 4556: 4519: 4514: 4472: 4430: 4391: 4386: 4226:

All the Nordic Sámi Parliaments have included as the "core" criterion for registering as a Sámi the

4028: 3974: 3936: 3134: 3130: 532: 15733: 15398: 14401: 13276: 12194: 11198: 7411: 6074: 4164: 3350: 1920:) a group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous activists protested against the UK-based mining company 824: 15825: 13484: 12861: 10274: 9926: 7866:

Johansen, Harry; Olsen, Torill (2010). "Kasta på land (Forced Ashore)". Norway: SIL International.

2791: 2283:

on 1 January 1993. In 1998, Sweden formally apologized for the wrongs committed against the Sámi.

1670:

contemporary times, there are also ongoing consultations between the Government of Norway and the

15453: 14146: 12606: 12314: 12280: 12067: 12003: 11583:

Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; et al. (2004).

10937: 9968: 9163: 7533: 7523: 7433: 6697: 6196: 5736: 5663: 5068: 4945: 4178: 3994: 3558: 3495: 2892: 2707:'s territory is owned by the governments (crown land) or by the Sámi population is not answered. 2179: 1743: 1638: 1626: 710: 385: 10906: 7346:"The Arrival of Siberian Ancestry Connecting the Eastern Baltic to Uralic Speakers further East" 6190: 6044:(2007), made for the United Nations, a documentary about land rights disputes in Finnish Lapland 5691: 5329: 4766: 4649: 3462: 3391: 3185:

inventions that Christian missionaries taught their ancestors, such as readings from the Bible.

1570:, had access to the major European trade routes so that, in addition to marginal farming in the 1049:, although these are considered derogatory terms by some, while others accept at least the name 15870: 15214: 15043: 13792: 13000: 10579: 9553: 8467:[We live in a nuclear dumpster: Why the indigenous people of the North are dying out]. 8241: 6380: 6119:(2016), a movie chronicling the life of a Sámi girl taken into a Swedish boarding school to be 6008: 5260:(1861–1921), Arctic explorer—one of the first people to cross Greenland on skis (together with 5210: 4953: 4286: 4116: 4090: 3624: 3062: 2912: 2840: 2627: 2325: 2138: 1973: 1437: 562: 495: 13595: 11547: 9788: 7221: 6895: 6244:"Our data support that the Neolithic PWC foragers are largely genetically continuous to SHG." 5907: 5184: 4688: 4603: 3825: 3727:

in Finland. Much of Sápmi falls outside of those provinces. Despite the terms use in tourism,

2991: 2570: 2362: 304: 99: 15865: 15506: 15219: 15190: 15127: 13072: 12764: 11691: 11552: 11091: 11059: 10387: 10124: 8366: 8329: 7871: 7852: 7283: 7166: 7050: 6482: 6361: 6020: 5973: 5819: 5685: 5620: 5052: 4980: 4949: 4234: 4058: 4052: 4006: 3964: 3952: 3499: 3181:

In 2012, County Governor of Troms approved Shamanic Association of Tromsø as a new religion.

3058: 2943:, enables ritual communication with the supernatural through the use of tools such as drums, 2807: 2369:

aboriginal rights or land rights to the Sámi people; in Finland, non-Sámi can herd reindeer.

1866: 1865:

in 1979 brought Sámi rights onto the political agenda. In August 1986, the national anthem ("

1700: 1403: 1332: 31: 11046:

Kuokkanen, Rauna (2003). "Survivance in Sami and First Nations Boarding School Narratives".

9793:. Oxford University Press. pp. 133–141 Finnic and Other Non-Indo-European Mythologies. 9104: 8629: 7935: 6324: 6078:(2008), feature film that concerns the ethnic-religious Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu of 1852 4841: 4477: 4435: 4150: 3852: 2196:

as the basic institution regarding land rights, organization, and daily herding management.

947: 15860: 15653: 15264: 14478: 12777: 12371: 10959: 9437:

Report on indigenous fishing rights in the seas with case studies from Australia and Norway

9411: 7849:

Report of UNPFII – Ninth Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

7753:

Report on indigenous fishing rights in the seas with case studies from Australia and Norway

7292: 6630: 6329: 5823: 5651: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5218: 5124: 5116: 4961: 4160: 4016: 3538: 3141: 3118: 3093: 1328: 943: 13207: 11530:

Fjeld, Faith; Muus, Nathan. "Following the Reindeer: an Inuit-Sami Chronology in Alaska".

11020: 10216:

An Account of the Sámi: A Translation of Muitalus Sámiid Birra, Based on the Sámi Original

9476: 9018: 8627: 6955: 5979: 4727: 4561: 2785: 1386:), which later became extinct. However, these languages left traces in the Sámi language ( 501:

Traditionally, the Sámi have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing,

8: 15521: 15511: 15498: 15316: 15209: 15195: 9931: 7940: 7907: 7662:

Sandnes, Jørn (1981). "Settlement and Development in the Late Middle Ages c. 1300–1540".

6120: 5892: 5853: 5827: 5518: 5131: 4944:

is the municipality with the largest Sámi population. The Sámi are in a majority only in

4272: 3988: 3981:

festival is held in Gáivuotna. The municipality has a Sámi-language center and hosts the

3903: 3845: 3612: 3321: 2983: 2578: 2268: 1822: 1600: 1493: 1446: 1344: 1116: 1018: 848:

The etymology is somewhat uncertain, but the consensus seems to be that it is related to

527: 12781: 7296: 6306: 5681: 5478: 2539: 2321: 2211:

ILO Convention No. 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries

1562:

in northern Norway in 1349, the Sámi and the Norwegians occupied very separate economic

1500:

county until around 1500, when they started moving south, reaching the area around Lake

1254:

is a common element in Norwegian (particularly Northern Norwegian) place names, whereas

748: 15880: 15804: 15728: 15673: 15565: 15492: 15408: 14915: 13857: 13020: 12798: 12759: 12741: 12710: 11956: 11948: 11609: 11584: 11261: 11253: 9709: 9668: 7380: 7345: 7321: 7279:"Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe" 7278: 7135: 6181: 6127: 5992: 5927: 5697: 5669: 5315: 5172: 5032: 4869:

It should also be noted that many Sámi now live outside Sápmi, in large cities such as

4310: 4306: 4163:(Nesseby) is an important center for the Sea Sámi culture. It is also the site for the 3653: 3399: 2175: 2022: 1846:

in northern Finland and northern Norway in 1944–45, destroying all existing houses, or

1647: 1506: 1092: 445: 349: 13941: 10135: 9527: 6036:) (2002), film set during World War II with a Sámi woman as one of the main characters 5638: 4128: 3876: 3783: 3611:

helped each other with the management and husbandry of the herds. During the years of

2272: 2001:

brought attention to not only environmental issues but also the issue of Sámi rights.

1953: 1793:

For long periods of time, the Sámi lifestyle thrived because of its adaptation to the

1671: 1666:), who continued to hunt reindeer and small-game animals. They later herded reindeer. 1522: 15439: 15433: 15413: 15369: 15180: 14922: 13418: 12966: 12948: 12934: 12920: 12906: 12831: 12803: 12746: 12695: 12176: 11960: 11881: 11845: 11614: 11265: 11245: 10748: 10504: 10325: 10220: 10022: 9995: 9865: 9794: 9713: 9672: 9658: 9127: 9074: 8877: 8852: 8777: 8593: 8525: 8442: 7669: 7537: 7477: 7437: 7385: 7367: 7326: 7308: 7200: 7084: 6936: 6788: 6761: 6701: 6301: 6028: 6001: 5232: 5112: 4957: 4675: 4337: 4302: 4227: 3958: 3813: 3789: 3724: 3590: 3504: 3304: 3074: 2768:

The motif (shown right) was derived from the shaman's drum and the poem "Päiven Pārne

2451: 2335: 2238: 2126: 1862: 1537: 1510: 1132: 138: 14069: 13567: 13532: 13527: 13032: 12435: 11000: 9158: 8909: 8740:"Church of Sweden apologizes, embarks on reconciliation with Indigenous Sámi people" 5839: 5224: 5072: 4829:

Darkened area represents municipalities that recognize Sámi as an official language.

4279: 4262: 4066: 3801: 3354: 2940: 2928: 2867: 2855: 2328:

representative, became the first Sámi ever to be elected to the Finnish Parliament.

2034:

Peninsula, often with little concern for the surrounding environment or population.

569:

words. As of around 2014, the current consensus among specialists was that the word

491: 441: 369: 295: 15794: 15658: 15516: 15460: 15244: 15117: 14968: 14734: 14541: 14043: 13999: 13972: 13064: 12793: 12785: 12736: 12728: 12634:"Ann-Helen Laestadius' Novel 'Stolen' Getting Netflix Adaptation – Global Bulletin" 12166: 12131: 12033: 11940: 11909: 11604: 11596: 11237: 10496: 10383: 10317: 10063: 9699: 9650: 9044: 8690: 8434: 8260: 7648: 7430:

Ancient Scandinavia: An Archaeological History from the First Humans to the Vikings

7425: 7375: 7359: 7316: 7300: 6999: 6989: 6932: 6757: 6661: 6086: 5881: 5657: 5586: 5469:(1951–1987), influential American jazz musician, composer and electric bass player. 5448: 5247:(1958–present) Born in Buolbmat. A University Researcher, artist, cofounder of DAT. 5206: 5048: 4298: 4062: 3978: 3720: 3685: 3628: 3579: 3570: 3542: 3476: 3422: 3114: 3081: 3038: 2952: 2896: 2547: 2163:

The Sámi people shall decide the area of activity of the Norwegian Sámi Parliament.

2077: 2056: 1998: 1926: 1858: 1708: 1587: 1563: 1518: 1413: 1360: 1219: 1140: 1124: 1100: 1004: 865: 820: 721: 622: 611: 589: 574: 510: 401: 357: 353: 345: 13897: 13810: 13748: 13686: 13665: 13547: 13237: 13222: 12171: 12154: 10310:"The Shamanic Festival Isogaisa (Norway): Religious Meaning-Making in the Present" 8940:"Sameloven: LOV 1987-06-12 nr 56: Lov om Sametinget og andre samiske rettsforhold" 8603: 8438: 6554: 5845: 5833: 5783: 5768: 5199: 4928:

the Sámi Parliament in Norway. The bulk of the Sámi live in Finnmark and Northern

3977:(Kåfjord, Troms) is an important center for the Sea-Sámi culture. Each summer the 2562: 2530: 2447: 336: 320: 77: 68: 15799: 15748: 15723: 15643: 15599: 15547: 15473: 15081: 15028: 15008: 15003: 14988: 14945: 14881: 14719: 14704: 14485: 13819: 13436: 13027: 12887: 12773: 12715: 12091:

Tailfeathers, Elle Máijá. "Biography & Filmography". Elle Máijá Tailfeathers.

10990: 10214: 9296: 8983: 8358: 8002: 7350: 7022: 6147: 5951: 5933: 5917: 5592: 5414: 5382: 5301: 5261: 4094: 3795: 3442: 3387:(An Account of the Sámi), released in 1910 with text in Northern Sámi and Danish. 3215: 2979: 2773: 2466: 2218:

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

2186: 2185:

The Norwegian Sámi Parliament also elects 50% of the members to the board of the

2026: 1826: 1262: 1108: 1070: 1026: 879:

to refer to inhabitants of what is now Finland, while the Sámi came to be called

772: 13920: 13522: 12457: 9654: 9226:"Indigenous rights in Russia: Is title to land essential for cultural survival?" 8321: 8238:"Campaign for Northern Forests by Indigenous Sami Ended Successfully in Finland" 5966: 5641:(1969), Oscar-winning actress whose Norwegian mother is of partial Sámi descent. 4220: 4208: 3763: 2916: 2676: 2018:

and ecosystem and the characteristic ways of life of Indigenous Arctic peoples.

1306: 1231: 15713: 15703: 15403: 15363: 15329: 15298: 15291: 15229: 15155: 15132: 15061: 14998: 14973: 14724: 14604: 14492: 14280: 14254: 14249: 13799: 13185: 13142: 12789: 11827:"Språk- historie- och kristendomsundervisning i Sveriges nomadskolor 1913–1962" 10670:

Etnologiska Studier tillägnade Nils Edvard Hammarsted 3/3 (Göteborg). pp. 35–47

10461: 9013: 7497: 7304: 5803: 5466: 5436: 5369: 5295: 5134:. The Pitted Ware culture are in turn genetically continuous with the original 5104: 5078:

Some of these Sámi immigrants and descendants of immigrants are members of the

5071:

designed to teach the Inuit about reindeer herding. There is a long history of

4920: 4246: 4212: 4207:

several Sámi languages and additional dialects, and there are several areas in

4134: 3940: 3913: 3864: 3620: 3491: 3485: 3261: 3145: 2631: 2543: 2480: 2455: 2437: 1921: 1839: 1696: 1582: 1559: 1489: 1395: 1078: 1062: 1009:, who referred to 'the two Lappias', although he still referred to the Sámi as 465: 13711: 13628: 13600: 13589: 13212: 12732: 12518: 11241: 10321: 10067: 9958: 7363: 5809: 5772: 5096: 4833: 4035: 3199: 2758: 480:, but these terms are regarded as offensive by the Sámi, who prefer their own 308: 300: 114: 15819: 15738: 15689: 15575: 15536: 15531: 15487: 15376: 15311: 15306: 15284: 15259: 15239: 15122: 15023: 15018: 15013: 14993: 14908: 14901: 14887: 14709: 14690: 14685: 14672: 14562: 14555: 14430: 14321: 14290: 13934: 13441: 13426: 13115: 13011: 12180: 11974: 11249: 10786: 10508: 9704: 9687: 8240:. Gáldu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Archived from 7583: 7525:

Lapps and Labyrinths: Saami Prehistory, Colonization, and Cultural Resilience

7371: 7312: 7199:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura. p. 104. 7083:. Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL International. pp. 54, 688, 695. 6940: 6054:) (2007), a Mushkeg Media documentary about the state of aboriginal languages 5813: 5791: 5744: 5726: 5632: 5488: 5460: 5454: 5365: 3759: 3719:

as there is considerable regional overlap between Sápmi and the provinces of

3675: 3643: 3546: 3207: 3097: 3061:

missionaries as early as the 13th century. Increased pressure came after the

2639: 2509: 2429: 2331: 2294: 2170: 1806: 1199: 996: 381: 259: 14037: 13837: 13826: 13778: 13730: 13612: 13542: 13537: 12660:"Netflix Greenlights Film Adaptation Of Ann-Helén Laestadius Novel 'Stolen'" 10712: 8498: 6381:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации" 6266: 6158: 5694:(born 1947), politician and academic; member of the Finnish Sámi Parliament. 5500: 5146: 4865:

Southern Sápmi (Ume and Southern Sámi in central parts of Sweden and Norway)

3748: 3417: 3412: 3316: 2358: 2354: 1832:

The Rocks Will Echo Our Sorrow: The Forced Displacement of the Northern Sámi

328: 108: 15789: 15526: 15112: 15033: 14983: 14958: 14829: 14814: 14809: 14799: 14680: 14624: 14528: 14515: 14450: 14362: 14357: 14343: 14192: 14030: 13873: 13785: 13431: 13398: 13380: 13338: 13125: 13110: 13006: 12962: 12807: 12750: 11618: 11342:"Gákti and Instagram: How Oslo's Young Sámis Face Tradition and Urban Life" 10580:"Mental health problems among the Swedish reindeer-herding Sami population" 10457: 8462:"My zhivem na yadernoy pomoyke: Pochemu vymirayut korennyye narody Severa" 8446: 7622: 7389: 7330: 6956:"The Early Period of Sámi History, from the Beginnings to the 16th Century" 6165: 5946: 5626: 5430: 5257: 5238: 5040: 5008: 3712: 3175: 3102: 3054: 2924: 2419: 1874: 1851: 1785: 1704: 1692: 1442: 502: 373: 38: 14115: 14059: 13952: 13757: 13670: 13660: 13606: 13227: 13217: 12996: 12250: 11944: 8204: 6765: 6070:(2008), a documentary about land rights disputes in reindeer grazing areas 5619:, Canadian filmmaker, Indigenous rights activist, and actress of Sámi and 4937: 4267: 4112: 4022: 4011: 3868: 3856: 3833: 2895:, and similarly, some Skolt Sámi resettled in Finland are also part of an 2891:

churches of Norway, Sweden and Finland. Some Sámi in Russia belong to the

2740: 2407:(collective communities) by the state; most Sámi were settled at Lujávri ( 2232:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

1989:

in Sámi districts falling outside the new quota system to a large degree.

1870: 1716: 1712: 1497: 1297:

is the most commonly used word nowadays, especially in official contexts.

324: 316: 312: 129: 90: 86: 15779: 15769: 15708: 15625: 15447: 15343: 15201: 15038: 14978: 14894: 14834: 14819: 14714: 14457: 14367: 14259: 14164: 14095: 13961: 13265: 13257: 13120: 11711: 11498: 9688:"The Rise of Indigenous (Pluri-)Nationalism: The Case of the Sámi People" 8769: 8621: 7161: 6107: 5714: 5554: 5494: 5472: 5341: 5271: 5141: 4065:. Other important Sámi institutions are located in Kárášjohka, including 3899: 3656: 3126: 3073:

In Norway, a major effort to convert the Sámi was made around 1720, when

2888: 1934: 1913: 1843: 1651: 1417: 1379: 1352: 1261:

Terminological issues in Finnish are somewhat different. Finns living in

959: 920: 842: 377: 15886:

Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East

13771: 13691: 13633: 13403: 13247: 13242: 11952: 11733: 11340:

Puumalainen, Janne; Savolainen, Anni; Tuulonen, Hanna (10 August 2017).

10649:(Revised ed.). New York: Dover Publications, p. 77; Helmfrid, S. (2005). 10500: 9826: 9345:

Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: Indian, Metis and Inuit rights in Canada

6863: 6846:

Uralic peoples: information on Finnish mother tongues and their speakers

5957:

Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East

4991: 4137:

is the center for the Skolt Sámi of Norway, which have their own museum

4079: 3337:

There are short daily news bulletins in Northern Sámi on national TV in

2535: 340: 332: 15648: 15581: 15555: 15541: 15336: 15234: 15175: 14868: 14824: 14644: 14634: 14349: 14295: 14100: 14064: 14008: 13716: 13390: 13367: 13343: 12724: 11750: 11257: 10690: 10345: 10112: 8694: 7247:[The spread of the Sámi languages to Finland and Scandinavia]. 6808: 6115: 5442: 5404: 5392: 5347: 5305: 5283: 5244: 5195: 5164: 5028: 4896: 4793: 3875:

there is a relatively large and active Sámi minority. According to the

3679: 3436: 3380: 3325: 3231: 3157:

Today there are a number of Sámi who seek to return to the traditional

2960: 2908: 2305: 1942: 1757: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1526: 1421: 1409: 1391: 1375: 1364: 1356: 1209: 46: 42: 10219:. Translated by DuBois, Thomas A. Kárášjohka, Norway: ČálliidLágádus. 9475:. Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Archived from 6173: 5228: 5130:

The Sámi have been found to be genetically unrelated to people of the

4340:

published in 1997 an estimate of Sámi population and their languages.

1431: 1245: 15784: 15614: 15589: 15468: 15322: 15185: 15150: 14857: 14742: 14696: 14548: 14444: 14436: 14310: 14305: 14205: 14177: 13408: 13355: 13318: 13310: 13150: 13137: 13132: 13088: 13081: 9009:"General Assembly adopts declaration on rights of indigenous peoples" 7632: 6135: 5961: 5675: 5560: 5546: 5386: 5335: 5120: 5016: 5004: 4198: 4172: 4043: 3690: 3585: 3554: 3508: 3428:

A characteristic feature of Sámi musical tradition is the singing of

3332:(An Account of the Sámi), the first book published in a Sámi language 3235: 3228: 3066: 2964: 2932: 2835: 2795: 2089: 2085: 1470: 1187: 990: 849: 13906: 7992: 7990: 5565: 3711:

Sápmi is located in Northern Europe, includes the northern parts of

3661: 3648: 3607:, which consist of several families and their herds. Members of the 3398:, a novel of the Sámi in Sweden. It was adapted into a Netflix film 3161:

values of their ancestors. There are also some Sámi who claim to be

2790:

The Sámi National Day falls on 6 February as this date was when the

2415:

of Indigenous minorities were established in the 1993 Constitution.

1732: 1319: 15609: 15418: 15224: 15104: 15097: 14852: 14804: 14786: 14757: 14659: 14629: 14471: 14465: 14409: 14265: 14235: 14225: 14198: 14184: 14170: 13446: 13330: 13286: 13167: 13156: 12610: 11600: 10248:"See review and summary in "Indian Country Today" January 26, 2023" 9757: 8630:

Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

8628:

U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (2011).

8464:Мы живем на ядерной помойке: Почему вымирают коренные народы Севера 7629:

In Northern Mists: Daily Life in the North in the Sixteenth Century

7624:

In Northern Mists: Dagligt Liv i Norden i det sekstende Aarhundrede

7224:[The diversity of nomenclature flows directed to Finland]. 6091: 5875: 5800:(1980–present), a motocross sportsman who invented the "underflip". 5718: 5398: 5108: 5044: 5024: 4933: 4886:

some parts of the Nordic countries, can be practiced by Sámis only.

4168: 3872: 3841: 3837: 3807: 3777: 3694: 3594: 3575: 3158: 2845: 2668: 2501: 2377: 2061: 1878: 1684: 1571: 1475: 1458: 1368: 898: 890: 506: 13988: 13866: 13764: 13552: 13098: 12344: 12064:"Amoc is rapping the Sámi language onto the map — Virtual Finland" 11532: 11503: 11371: 9758:"Hyvää saamen lipun päivää! Tiedätkö mitä värikäs lippu kuvastaa?" 9580:

Draft report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review

6842:

Uralilaiset kansat: tietoa suomen sukukielistä ja niiden puhujista

4099: 3968: 3706: 3494:. Among the most festive are the Easter festivals taking place in 3362: 3278: 3255: 3243: 2391: 2310: 1961: 669:, is also thought probably to derive ultimately from Proto-Baltic 522: 449: 15764: 15743: 15663: 15604: 15560: 15086: 15054: 15048: 14953: 14935: 14930: 14762: 14654: 14619: 14614: 14609: 14523: 14415: 14328: 14300: 14230: 14220: 14212: 13350: 13302: 13296: 13161: 12892: 11401: 10930:"The Saami: An ancient population on the northern edge of Europe" 9963: 9501: 9156: 8519: 8114:"Sweden: Ongoing Road Blockade Against Mining in Saami Territory" 7987: 6872:] (in Swedish). Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag. p. 397. 6687: 6634: 6186: 6177:(2023), the first feature-length film in the Skolt Sámi language. 5376: 5151: 5060: 4705: 4620: 4417: 4216: 4144: 4086: 3895: 3883:. 75% of Sámi under the age of 10 live outside the Sápmi region. 3860: 3755: 3346: 3292: 3273: 3166: 3122: 3017: 2972: 2920: 2762: 2635: 2605:

The main organisations for Sámi representation in Sweden are the

2593:

The main organisations for Sámi representation in Norway are the

2404: 1605: 1514: 1465: 1399: 1394:, the Sámi occupied the area along the coast of Finnmark and the 1348: 814: 784: 585: 566: 481: 461: 279: 223: 13913: 11432:"Saamelaisten lukumäärä vuoden 2019 Saamelaiskäräjien vaaleissa" 10106: 9249:"Multiculturalism Policies in Contemporary Democracies: Finland" 7148: 3242:(burl cups). Women used leather and roots to make items such as 1660:), who fished extensively off the coast, and the Mountain Sámi ( 1311: 15718: 15619: 15594: 15254: 15249: 15091: 15076: 14780: 14649: 14639: 14599: 14570: 14533: 14509: 14501: 14422: 14338: 14315: 14272: 13451: 13375: 13291: 13232: 13015: 12984: 11931:

Svonni, Mikael (2011). "Johan Turi: First Author of the Sámi".

11632:"Esihistorian vuosiluvut, ajoitukset ja kronologia, Carpelan". 11469:"Population and Society: Population by language on 31 December" 11434:[Number of Sámi in the 2019 Sámi Parliament elections] 10777:"Saamelaiskäräjät vaatii Ylelle lisää saamenkielistä tarjontaa" 10666:

Greenwood publishing group. pp. 101–102; Keyland, Nils (1921).

10556: 5722: 5595:(1940), actor of Norwegian parentage; his grandmother was Sámi. 5573:), which was nominated for an Academy Award, and the 2008 film 5408: 5319: 4996: 4783: 4744: 4666: 4629: 4625: 4590: 4583: 4578: 4541: 4536: 4499: 4494: 4457: 4452: 4413: 4408: 4290: 3670: 3465:, which considers Sámi a mother tongue, not a foreign language. 3342: 3338: 3269: 3265: 3220: 3194: 3106: 2956: 2936: 2877: 2728: 2663: 2433: 2055:

Norway has been criticized internationally for the politics of

2009: 1794: 1633: 1622: 1591: 1567: 1501: 1402:

and Finland, which may correspond with the introduction of the

1035: 777:

The first probable historical mention of the Sámi, naming them

469: 457: 453: 241: 205: 187: 13557: 12549: 11810:

Bancel, Nicolas; Blanchard, Pascal; Lemaire, Sandrine (2000).

10427: 9885:

Kasten, Erich (1989). Hoppál, M.; von Sadovszky, O.J. (eds.).

9323: 9321: 8849:

Indigenous Peoples: Self-determination, Knowledge, Indigeneity

4278:

There is no single Sámi language, but a group of ten distinct

3665: 3165:

and offer their services through newspaper advertisements, in

3137:

and Swedish, the language he used for scholarly publications.

3010:

Theory of Prophecy, or short reports about rumorous Sami magic

2754: 2243:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

2115: 1894: 993:, but one of the first written mentions of the term is in the 731: 703: 694: 677: 664: 647: 633: 626: 15390: 15350: 15278: 15270: 14963: 14876: 14862: 14794: 14752: 14665: 14241: 13105: 13093: 12959:

Liberating Sápmi: Indigenous Resistance in Europe's Far North

12896: 11339: 11021:"UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" 9959:"Magic mushrooms & Reindeer – Weird Nature – BBC animals" 8709:"Sweden's Sami People to Set up Commission on Discrimination" 8551:

United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe

6544:"Reindeer husbandry – an exclusive Sámi livelihood in Norway" 6151: 5512: 5265: 5168: 5056: 4929: 4190: 3921: 3819: 3603: 3239: 2948: 2899:

congregation, with an additional small population in Norway.

2704: 2684: 2193: 1861:

over the construction of the hydro-electric power station in

1688: 1575: 1454: 1425: 1336: 924: 838: 812: 806: 800: 410: 144: 12917:

The Sami Peoples of the North: A Social and Cultural History

12577:"Disney's 'Frozen 2' thrills Sámi people in northern Europe" 10645:

Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 61; Bell, R. C. (1979).

10460:[The Hunt for the Missing Sami Dance] (in Swedish). 9330:

Northern peoples of Russia on the path to the new millennium

8079:"Mining prospects in arctic Norway also causing controversy" 7793: 7694: 3879:, the Sámi live in 230 municipalities out of a total of 336 2753:

The Sámi flag was inaugurated during the Sámi Conference in

2745: 2189:, which controls 95% of the land in the county of Finnmark. 1604:) from the south was facilitated by the transport of wooden 1398:. This coincides with the arrival of the Siberian genome to 915:), and some northern Norwegians will still occasionally use 124: 15774: 13476: 13177: 12220: 11285:

Gáldu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

11134:

Irimoto, Takashi; Yamada, Takako, eds. (20 February 2004).

10487:

Hoppu, Petri (2015). "Rewriting Skolt Sámi Dance History".

9989: 9318: 8579:"Assimilation of the Sami: Implementation and Consequences" 8324:/Vesilind Studios, Uldis Cekulis/Vides Filmu Studija. 2008. 7408:

Galdu: Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

6602: 6144: 5857: 5779: 5704:(EMRIP), rector of the Sámi University of Applied Sciences. 5542: 5482: 5418: 5309: 5274:(1963–present) adventurer, explorer, journalist and author. 5036: 5012: 4941: 4870: 4239: 4001:, a Sámi secondary school and reindeer-herding School, the 3430: 2944: 2881: 2297:. The reindeer-herding law will apply in the area as well. 1882:

whether Sámi or Norwegian, and not to the Norwegian state.

1595: 933:) are a group related to the Sámi, but distinct from them. 416: 12945:

God Wears Many Skins: Myth and Folklore of the Sami People

12247:"Vil ha Lene Marlin som samisk rollemodell – Radio Tromsø" 12155:"Braiding Time: Sami Temporalities for Indigenous Justice" 11868:. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 9328:

Sulyandziga, P. V.; Murashko, O. A., eds. (1 April 2000).

8768: 8658:. Suingtheqevil.blogspot.ru. 21 March 2013. Archived from 8422: 7781: 7343: 7222:"Suomeen suuntautuneiden nimistövirtausten monimuotoisuus" 5654:(1800–1861), religious reformer, botanist and ethnologist. 2152:

The Sámi Act provides special rights for the Sámi people:

1374:

The Sámi language first developed on the southern side of

887:

at least until the modern era (reflected in toponyms like

858: 797:

were in wide use in ancient times, judging from the names

714: 45:. For the Samis Land Company or the Samis Foundation, see 12903:

Vigilant Ancestor: A World of Secrets Whispered in My Ear

12489:"Mipcom: 10 More Things We Now Know About 'Midnight Sun'" 12004:"Joni Mitchell er same – Troms og Finnmark – NRK Nyheter" 11582: 10964: 10781: 10685: 10526: 8546:"The Sami of Northern Europe: one people, four countries" 8289:"New bombing ranges and their impact on Saami traditions" 8086: 7276: 6668: 6095: 5849: 5171:

tents, weapons, and sleds, beside a group of reindeer at

4940:. Due to recent migration, it has also been claimed that 4932:, but there are also Sámi populations in Southern Troms, 4902:

City Sámi who are now probably the largest group of Sámi.

3967:(Tysfjord) is a center for the Lule-Sámi population. The 2872: 751:, radio and TV stations, theatres, etc.—all use the term 565:

into various grammatical forms. Other Sámi languages use

7730: 7718: 7706: 7602: 5563:(1955–present), film director. Well-known films include 3379:

The first secular book published in a Sámi language was

3360:

A single daily newspaper is published in Northern Sámi,

3152: 2915:.) There is some diversity due to the wide area that is 1908:

designated as ecologically protected areas, such as the

1842:

policy conducted by the German army, resulting in heavy

738: 724: 670: 615: 592: 578: 12691:

Hunters in Transition: An Outline of Early Sámi History

12292: 12290: 10991:

Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development.

9404:

Ponoi River Report: Sport Fishing on the Kola Peninsula

9289:"Siida and traditional Sami reindeer herding knowledge" 8520:

Reetta Toivanen (ed. Norbert Götz; et al. (2003).

7999:"Siida and traditional Sámi reindeer herding knowledge" 6658:

Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon

5150:

Ad for an 1893/1894 ethnological exposition of Sámi in

5123:

in Europe and not found in Finland 1500 years ago) and

3991:(Kiruna), proposed seat of the Swedish Sámi Parliament. 3328:'s illustration of reindeer herding from his 1910 book 2994:

began research on Sámi mythology. His work resulted in

509:. Their best-known means of livelihood is semi-nomadic 12128:"- Ikke halvt, men helt samisk – NRK Sámi Radio – NRK" 11825:

Helgesson, Helena; Ullberg, Maria (17 November 2015).

11809: 11644: 10088:"The Decline of the Sámi People's Indigenous Religion" 8945:

Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation

8287:

Nellemann, Christian; Vistnes, Ingunn (October 2003).

7155:

Rapp, Ole Magnus; Stein, Catherine (8 February 2008).

6473:

Rapp, Ole Magnus; Stein, Catherine (8 February 2008).

5142:

History of scientific research carried out on the Sámi

4271:

E.W. Borg alphabet book, published in 1859 in Finnish-

3593:, owned by the Sámi community and used especially for 3246:(clothing), and birch- and spruce-root woven baskets. 2801: 2682:

Owning land within the borders or being a member of a

13062: 11710:. The Local: Sweden's News in English. Archived from 11313:[Sami Parliament Electoral Rolls 1989–2021]. 9528:"FINLEX ® – Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 14.9.1990/848" 7819:] (in Norwegian). Vol. 1–2: 1751–1822. 1758. 6693:

Germania: Translated with Introduction and Commentary

5684:(1975–present), politician. The first Sámi member of 4253:/Lujávri, in the central part of the Kola Peninsula. 2004: 1291:

is also a common family name in Finland. In Finnish,

425: 407: 12287: 11656: 10489:

Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings

8980:

Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

8906:

Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

8018:"Dossier: mining the Arctic – Geographical Magazine" 7245:"Saamen kielten leviäminen Suomeen ja Skandinaviaan" 5702:

Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

5635:(1979), Norwegian filmmaker of Finnish Sámi descent. 5167:. Sámi people were exhibited with their traditional 4301:

language family, linguistically related to Finnish,

3541:, who brought it and other Sámi traditions into the 3446:

stems) and hand drums (frame drums and bowl drums).

2205:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1532: 973:(plural) perhaps of Finnish origin; compare Finnish 12402:"Herdswoman | Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company" 11014: 11012: 11010: 9992:

Sami potatoes: living with reindeer and perestroika

9327: 8715:. Washington, D.C. Associated Press. 12 June 2020. 8495:"Protests against the exploitation of Sámi culture" 8175:"Shtokman Natural Gas Project, Barents Sea, Russia" 7760:

United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

5433:(1982–present), performer, musician and radio host. 5427:(1960–present), actor, composer, and folk musician. 3434:. Joiks are song-chants and are traditionally sung 2849: 2813: 1650:. With such massive population drops caused by the 1441:the Sámi primarily lived in the inland of northern 1432:

Relationship between the Sámi and the Scandinavians

1034:The Sámi are often known in other languages by the 556: 550: 544: 485: 413: 404: 11404:[Statistics from the Sámi Voting Record]. 10651:Hnefatafl: The Strategic Board Game of the Vikings 10400: 10190:(in Northern Sami). YLE Sámi Radio. Archived from 7996: 6735:"THE STEMS est AND finn IN SOME OLD ENGLISH WORDS" 6512:was in focus for the first day of the trial]. 4325:; in Finland, the name of the language is spelled 2346:though several cases have been brought before the 2046: 1829:, translated into English in 2023 under the title 1275:, whereas the similar word for the Sámi people is 923:to distinguish them from the Sámi "Finns". Ethnic 709:. In one proposal, this Finnish word comes from a 452:, which today encompasses large northern parts of 12760:"The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region" 12568: 11122:Northern minority languages: Problems of survival 9400: 9271: 9230:Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 7556: 7193:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria 7077:Grimes, Barbara F.; Grimes, Joseph Evans (2000). 6857: 6855: 6504:Sternlund, Hans; Haupt, Inger (6 November 2017). 6439:"National composition of population, 2001 census" 6359:[Parliament – Written question 20/2009]. 5747:(1943–present) musician and painter. Unconfirmed. 5290:, a Sámi writer, musician and artist from Finland 5178: 4986: 2876:Copper etching (1767) by O.H. von Lode showing a 543:Speakers of Northern Sámi refer to themselves as 15817: 12822:. Institute of the History of Material Culture, 11886:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 11850:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 11832:. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015 11824: 11797:"Samis Want Bones Returned from Swedish Museums" 11007: 10316:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 234–246. 9887:"Sámi Shamanism from a Diachronic Point of View" 9410:. Circumpolar Conservation Union. Archived from 9312:Land Reform in Russia: Legal Theory and Practice 8874:Terra Ultima: a short history of Finnish Lapland 8286: 7197:Homo Fennicus – Ethnohistory of the Baltic Finns 6581:"Sami reindeer-herders today: Image or reality?" 5407:(1988–present), rapper, singer, joik. Member of 4093:(Porsanger) municipality is the location of the 2617:In contrast to Norway and Sweden, in Finland, a 2160:elected by and amongst the Sámis" (Chapter 1–2). 1581:This socioeconomic balance greatly changed when 37:"Samis" redirects here. For the politician, see 12541: 12027: 12025: 9990:Robinson, Michael; Karim-Aly S. Kassam (1998). 9383:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 9274:Siberian Survival: The Nenets and their story 8 8586:Gáldu Čála: Journal of Indigenous People Rights 8355: 7896: 7894: 6848:] (in Finnish). Juva: WSOY. pp. 39–40. 6506:"Ordet lapp var i fokus första rättegångsdagen" 5589:(1976), Finnish screenwriter and film director. 5344:(1655–1719), the first Sámi poet known by name. 4797:Geographic distribution of the Sámi languages: 2257:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1805:of the Sámi increased, with some Sámi adopting 1661: 1655: 1166: 1160: 1010: 968: 962: 910: 904: 896: 888: 864:('to find'), the logic being that the Sámi, as 852: 832: 756: 12319:Documentary Educational Resources Online Store 12087: 12085: 10984: 9572: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9207: 8256:"Sami parliament wants veto on mineral issues" 8048:"Blackstone to Mine Reindeer Pastures, Sweden" 7569: 6852: 6503: 5350:(1854–1936), wrote first secular book in Sámi. 3955:(Arjeplog) is the Pite Saami center in Sweden. 1902: 1466:Southern limits of Sámi settlement in the past 1331:are believed to have spread from the original 14131: 13492: 13048: 11133: 10647:Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations 10628:Borvo 2001, p. 33; Depaulis, Thierry (2001), 10373: 10371: 10312:. In Johnson, Greg; Kraft, Siv Ellen (eds.). 9272:Golovnev, Andrei V.; Osherenko, Gail (1999). 9205: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9068: 9066: 8577:Minde, Henry (2005). Ove Varsi, Magne (ed.). 8524:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 205–216. 8111: 7903:"Christianity and the Emerging Nation States" 7865: 7859: 7242: 6998:. Translated by Elton, Oliver. Archived from 6000:) (1952), a Finnish horror drama film set in 5308:priest and poet. Wrote down the mythological 5298:(1929–2006), author, musician, schoolteacher. 5039:and Alaska; and throughout Canada, including 3886: 3855:in Finland consists of the municipalities of 3844:in Swedish Lappland were designated a UNESCO 2423: 2382: 2287:and the pupil has a basic knowledge of Sámi. 1292: 1286: 1276: 1266: 1243: 1237: 1229: 1223: 1213: 1203: 1193: 1185: 1179: 1154: 1148: 980: 974: 928: 883:. In Norway, however, Sámi were still called 683: 654: 598: 12022: 11908:(in Norwegian). 29 June 2007. Archived from 11745: 11743: 11116: 11114: 10401:Stinnerbom, Ola; Stålnert, Birgitta (2013). 10158:"Shamanism Approved as a Religion in Norway" 10081: 10079: 10077: 8680: 7891: 7517: 7515: 7076: 6537: 6535: 6189:adaptation of the novel of the same name by 6161:. There is a North Sámi dubbing of the film. 5251: 5213:, Sámi languages and Sámi prehistory at the 4119:people living in Sweden. It is the site for 2506:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway 1850:, and visible traces of Sámi culture. After 14145: 12687: 12153:Buhre, Frida; Bjork, Collin (27 May 2021). 12082: 9401:Robinson, Deborah; Osherenko, Gail (1985). 9246: 9125: 9072: 8871: 8851:. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. pp. 100–102. 8398:International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry 8052:International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry 7620: 7122:. Commission on Nomadic Peoples. p. 54 6674: 6264: 5880:, the single noble family of Sámi descent ( 5794:, Swedish former World Cup alpine ski racer 4983:, the Sámi population of Russia was 1,771. 3939:(Inari Sámi Language Association), and the 3084:, Norway (1565), testifies to this effort. 2902: 2819: 2344:U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 2250:Charter for Regional and Minority Languages 2071:Sweden has faced similar criticism for its 1609:they fared far better than the Norwegians. 1086: 1024: 1016: 1002: 994: 798: 792: 778: 14138: 14124: 13499: 13485: 13055: 13041: 12931:The Sámi People: Traditions in Transitions 12688:Hansen, Lars Ivar; Olsen, Bjørnar (2014). 12434:. Forbiddenknowledgetv.com. Archived from 12152: 11998: 11996: 11708:"University in quest to return Sami bones" 11684: 11682: 11018: 10741: 10643:A History of Board-Games Other than Chess. 10480: 10380:The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Ethnicity 10368: 9377:Y., Aipin (May 1989). "Not by Oil Alone". 9184: 9063: 9041:"Svensk författningssamling: SFS 2009:600" 8899:"The foundation for Norwegian Sámi policy" 7997:Korpijaakko-Mikkel, Sara (22 March 2009). 7813:Kirkebøker, Kvæfjord Sogn, Godfjord Botten 6756:] (in German) (2nd ed.). Leiden: 6322: 6082:Magic Mushrooms and Reindeer: Weird Nature 5613:(1997), Norwegian actress of Sámi descent. 5111:have indicated that the two most frequent 4157:Southern Sámi museum is located in Snåase. 2609:. They cover northern and central Sweden. 2597:. They cover northern and central Norway. 2588: 494:, which are classified as a branch of the 137: 12814: 12797: 12740: 12708: 12600: 12170: 12102:"Kautokeino-opprøret 1852: Læstadianisme" 11779: 11740: 11650: 11608: 11169:"Fant hemmelighetene i lulesamenes språk" 11111: 11045: 10307: 10206: 10074: 10053: 10015:DiPiazza, Francesca Davis (1 July 2010). 9920: 9918: 9827:"Sámi | People, History, & Lifestyle" 9703: 9616:"Sweden's Sami struggle over land rights" 9554:"Frontpage – Senter for Nordlige Folk AS" 9223: 9103:(in Swedish). 3 June 2010. Archived from 9095:"Swedish Sami National Association (SSR)" 8235: 7799: 7787: 7747: 7745: 7736: 7724: 7712: 7700: 7608: 7521: 7512: 7471: 7379: 7320: 7243:Kalmistopiiri, Tekijä (6 February 2020). 7154: 6861: 6778: 6532: 6472: 6357:"Eduskunta – Kirjallinen kysymys 20/2009" 6226:According to the Swedish Sámi parliament. 5976:and the design team BRC Imagination Arts. 5231:, Ume Sámi speaker. Professor emerita in 4876: 4039:Ájtte Museum of the Sámi people, Jokkmokk 3961:(Tana) has a significant Sámi population. 3867:as well as a part of the municipality of 3693:which differs from most such games (e.g. 3211:Beaded belt, knife, and antler needlecase 2495: 2156:"the Sámis shall have their own national 2105: 1801:During the 19th century, the pressure of 1773:Learn how and when to remove this message 12657: 12486: 12369: 11166: 10952: 10458:"Jakten på den försvunna samiska dansen" 10213:Turi, Johan Olafsson (2012). "Preface". 10014: 9644: 9314:. 4 GosuDARSTvo I PRAvo. pp. 46–58. 8142: 7456: 7219: 6926: 6747: 6620: 5778: 5767: 5541: 5521:(1968–present), musician and songwriter. 5364: 5282: 5205:, Finnish-Sámi linguist specializing in 5145: 5095: 4990: 4910: 4850: 4832: 4792: 4266: 4197: 4189: 4042: 4034: 3890: 3754: 3751:(1790–1800), far south in the Sápmi area 3742: 3584: 3574: 3416: 3320: 3277: 3214: 3206: 3198: 3101: 3037: 2978:Sámi religion shares some elements with 2871: 2772:" ("Sons of the Sun") by the South Sámi 2744: 2722: 2662: 2649: 2612: 2600: 2534: 2475: 2446: 2390: 2376: 2330: 2304: 2267: 2169: 2114: 2008: 1952: 1893: 1784: 1632: 1616: 1549: 1536: 1469: 1318: 1310: 1001:by the twelfth-century Danish historian 942: 526: 12757: 12709:Malmström, Helena (24 September 2009). 12631: 12547: 11993: 11866:"Pressmeddelande från Umeå Universitet" 11751:"Norway returns skulls of Lappish dead" 11679: 11662: 10927: 10428:"Kompani Nomad: Nyskapande samisk dans" 10346:"Kunst, bedrift og samfunnsinformasjon" 9786: 9685: 9467: 9309: 9157:United Nations Human Rights Committee. 8970: 8896: 8776:. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 152. 8416: 8248: 7661: 7530:Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press 7496: 7014: 6988: 6929:Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 6781:An Introduction to the Uralic Languages 6750:Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 6690:(1999) . Rives, Archibald Black (ed.). 6686: 6655: 6318: 6316: 6090:mushrooms by the Sámi people and their 5753:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist. 5717:(1973–present), Visual Artist. Born in 5645: 5527:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist. 5356:(1943–2001), musician, poet and artist. 5115:of the Sámi people are the haplogroups 4317:In Norway, the name of the language is 3310: 3121:initiated among the Sámi a puritanical 2066:The Truth and Reconciliation Commission 1147:. In Russian the corresponding term is 14: 15818: 12574: 12529:from the original on 15 September 2017 12499:from the original on 22 September 2021 12432:"Drugs Magic Mushrooms & Reindeer" 12031: 11930: 11794: 11726:"Sami jaw bones found in display case" 11705: 11449:from the original on 28 September 2020 11227: 11085: 10819:from the original on 14 September 2021 10774: 10664:Sports and games of medieval cultures. 10577: 10388:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199754281.013.027 9915: 9884: 9855: 8522:Civil Society in the Baltic Sea Region 8426:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 8145:"Finnish colonization: Irish invasion" 7851:(Report). UNESCO. 2010. Archived from 7742: 7550: 6995:The Danish History: Book Five, Part II 6839: 6578: 6468: 6466: 6337:from the original on 11 September 2017 5439:(1994–present), singer and songwriter. 5264:)—and gold miner. The very famous dog 5051:, and the Canadian territories of the 4906: 2907:Indigenous Sámi religion is a type of 2854:" has been translated into all of the 1885: 490:. Their traditional languages are the 14119: 13480: 13036: 12866: 12851: 12601:Schroeder, Kira (27 September 2023). 12201:from the original on 14 February 2009 11688: 11529: 11479:from the original on 23 December 2020 10903:Institut de Sociolingüística Catalana 10744:"Koskaan et muuttua saa, saamelainen" 10619:, Board Games Studies 4: 33–52, p. 33 10587:Umeå University Medical Dissertations 10486: 10377: 9971:from the original on 11 December 2021 9342: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8846: 8750:from the original on 3 September 2022 8576: 8459: 8294:. The Environment Times/Polar Times. 8112:Ahni Schertow, John (5 August 2013). 7948:from the original on 11 November 2020 7668:. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. 7502:Det Norske Geografiske Selskabs årbog 7424: 7272: 7270: 7186: 7184: 7020: 6970:from the original on 31 December 2014 6616: 6614: 6612: 6520:from the original on 26 February 2021 5457:(1943–present), musician and painter. 4855:Sápmi is traditionally divided into: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4348: 3564: 3153:Neo-shamanism and traditional healing 2959:, as well as human-made ones such as 2225:Convention on the Rights of the Child 1707:and Sámi cart drivers to work in the 730:, in turn borrowed from Proto-Finnic 27:Indigenous peoples of Northern Europe 12575:Fouche, Gwladys (29 November 2019). 12382:from the original on 5 December 2022 12010:from the original on 2 November 2012 11981:from the original on 2 December 2013 11311:"Sametingets valgmanntall 1989–2021" 11281:"The Multi-Faceted Land of the Sámi" 11179:from the original on 15 October 2019 10972:from the original on 11 January 2021 10723:from the original on 22 October 2021 10597:from the original on 1 February 2014 10425: 10254:from the original on 2 February 2023 10212: 10085: 9903:from the original on 27 January 2021 9286: 9172:from the original on 14 October 2021 9051:from the original on 2 February 2015 8973:"Norway's international obligations" 8737: 8076: 7474:The Sami national minority in Sweden 7396: 7255:from the original on 31 October 2020 7190: 6876:from the original on 26 October 2021 6732: 6313: 6277:from the original on 15 January 2021 4844:became extinct in the 19th century. 3027: 2838:that was published in the newspaper 2779: 2550:, the three first presidents of the 2504:, a group of experts, led by former 2144:The Sámi Act (12 June 1987, No. 56). 2125:The Sámi have been recognized as an 1755:adding citations to reliable sources 1726: 1315:Spread of the Sámi people at present 531:A Sámi depicted in art, painting by 169:Regions with significant populations 12632:Yossman, K. J. (1 September 2022). 11782:Skeletal Remains of Norwegian Saami 11730:The Local: Sweden's News in English 11511:from the original on 10 August 2015 11317:(in Norwegian Bokmål). Sametinget. 11278: 11167:Johansen, Kevin (6 December 2015). 10742:Tahkolahti, Jaakko (10 July 2001). 10438:from the original on 2 October 2013 10272: 10132:"Lars Levi Laestadius and the Sami" 9837:from the original on 8 January 2022 9017:. 17 September 2007. Archived from 8497:. Suoma Sami Nuorat. Archived from 8301:from the original on 22 August 2020 8185:from the original on 5 January 2011 8155:from the original on 12 August 2014 8124:from the original on 20 August 2013 8093:from the original on 19 August 2010 7933: 6621:Grünthal, Riho (29 February 2008). 6541: 6463: 6444:State Statistics Service of Ukraine 5607:(born 1970), actress, film director 5531: 5509:, or Lapp-Lisa (1878–1932), singer. 5215:Sámi University of Applied Sciences 3479:, though there are others, such as 3034:Christianization of the Sámi people 2834:) was originally a poem written by 2658: 2524: 1612: 1323:A Sámi family in Norway around 1900 1250:) in Sweden. As already mentioned, 950:'s painting of the Sámi by the fire 24: 12845: 12758:Mittnik, Alisa (30 January 2018). 12658:Goldbart, Max (1 September 2022). 12548:Saijets, Maiju (2 December 2019). 12487:Hopewell, John (20 October 2016). 12370:Cockrell, Eddie (23 August 2008). 12223:. www.samer.se. 26 February 2007. 12108:from the original on 21 March 2012 12066:. 10 February 2009. Archived from 11732:. 22 February 2007. Archived from 11674: 11589:American Journal of Human Genetics 11564:from the original on 25 March 2019 10809:"Kinatkin käydään saamen kielellä" 10314:Handbook of Indigenous Religion(s) 10168:from the original on 19 April 2021 10035:from the original on 20 April 2023 9939:from the original on 8 August 2017 9807:from the original on 20 April 2023 9626:from the original on 10 March 2020 9560:from the original on 26 April 2011 9449:from the original on 21 March 2016 9376: 8927: 8636:from the original on 16 March 2023 8404:from the original on 20 April 2023 8058:from the original on 30 April 2011 7915:from the original on 4 August 2020 7900: 7769:from the original on 21 March 2016 7639:from the original on 26 April 2011 7590:from the original on 22 March 2012 7581: 7337: 7267: 7181: 7097:from the original on 20 April 2023 7037:from the original on 20 April 2023 6714:from the original on 20 April 2023 6609: 6516:(in Swedish). Norrbotten, Sweden. 6150:and performed by Norwegian female 6084:(2009), short video on the use of 5836:, wrestler. Olympic gold medalist. 5549:, a Sámi film director from Norway 5503:, Sámi musician and law professor. 5085: 4211:where few of the Sámi speak their 4115:(Östersund) is the center for the 3700: 2005:Climate change and the environment 1719:-speaking Sámi decreased greatly. 1178:is common in place names, such as 747:The Sámi institutions—notably the 632:. This word became modern Finnish 25: 15897: 12977: 12468:from the original on 30 June 2022 12412:from the original on 25 June 2021 12351:from the original on 30 June 2022 12315:"The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?" 12227:from the original on 16 June 2012 11321:from the original on 28 June 2022 11027:from the original on 27 June 2012 10928:Korpela, Salla (September 2006). 10356:from the original on 4 April 2019 10289:from the original on 19 July 2019 9924: 9768:from the original on 28 July 2021 9738:from the original on 28 July 2021 9534:from the original on 25 June 2013 9508:from the original on 26 June 2019 9138:from the original on 13 June 2012 8719:from the original on 16 June 2020 8683:Annales de démographie historique 8558:from the original on 5 April 2019 8264:. 8 November 2012. Archived from 8217:from the original on 17 July 2010 8210:Documentary Educational Resources 8143:Karlsson, Kenneth (25 May 2014). 8001:. Northern Review. Archived from 7522:Broadbent, Noel (16 March 2010). 6953: 6821:from the original on 28 July 2020 6754:Old Norse Etymological Dictionary 6451:from the original on 23 July 2020 6419:from the original on 23 July 2017 5786:, a retired ice hockey defenceman 5322:who participated in founding the 5175:and other zoos across the globe. 4915:Sámi traditional presentation in 4297:The Sámi languages belong to the 4202:Sámi family at spring celebration 4073:museum, the Sámi Art Centre, the 3971:Lule-Sámi center is located here. 3735:is strictly used and acceptable. 3188: 1545: 1533:Origins of the Norwegian Sea Sámi 787:, about AD 98. Variants of 663:). The Finnish word for Finland, 610:has at least one cognate word in 41:. For the ice hockey player, see 12995: 12983: 12651: 12625: 12594: 12511: 12480: 12450: 12424: 12394: 12363: 12337: 12325:from the original on 4 July 2022 12307: 12265: 12239: 12213: 12187: 12146: 12120: 12094: 12056: 11967: 11924: 11894: 11858: 11818: 11803: 11788: 11773: 11761:from the original on 11 May 2011 11718: 11699: 11668: 11625: 11576: 11540: 11523: 11491: 11473:Tilastokeskus/Statistics Finland 11461: 11424: 11412:from the original on 23 May 2022 11394: 11382:from the original on 25 May 2022 11364: 11352:from the original on 19 May 2022 11333: 11303: 11272: 11221: 11209:from the original on 17 May 2022 11191: 11160: 11148:from the original on 2 June 2014 11127: 11079: 11039: 11019:F. Moseley, Christopher (2010). 10921: 10891: 10861: 10831: 10801: 10768: 10735: 10705: 10673: 10656: 10635: 10622: 10609: 10571: 10541: 10515: 10468:from the original on 11 May 2021 10450: 10419: 10394: 10338: 10301: 10266: 10240: 10180: 10150: 10094:from the original on 11 May 2013 10047: 10008: 9983: 9967:. BBC Studios. 26 January 2009. 9951: 9878: 9849: 9819: 9780: 9750: 9720: 9679: 9638: 9608: 9546: 9520: 9494: 9461: 9429: 9394: 9370: 9351: 9343:Morse, Bradford W., ed. (1985). 9336: 9303: 9280: 9265: 9247:Banting, Keith; Kymlicka, Will. 9240: 9224:Osherenko, Gail (1 April 2001). 9150: 8952:from the original on 19 May 2021 8475:from the original on 11 May 2011 8015: 7968:"The Rocks Will Echo Our Sorrow" 7762:. 19–30 April 2010. p. 15. 7682:from the original on 16 May 2021 7232:. Suomen arkeologinen seura: 21. 7157:"Sámis don't want to be 'Lapps'" 6908:from the original on 16 May 2021 6748:de Vries, Jan (1962). "Finnr.". 6475:"Samis don't want to be 'Lapps'" 6385:Federal State Statistics Service 6265:Sámi people (14 December 2015). 6238: 6229: 6220: 5708: 5445:(1945–2014), singer and actress. 4321:, and the name of the people is 3916:(Inari), is the location of the 3127:complete abstinence from alcohol 1731: 1678: 653:is still found in the adjective 400: 272: 252: 234: 216: 198: 180: 123: 12197:. Nunatsiaq.com. 30 June 2000. 12130:. 16 March 2009. Archived from 12044:from the original on 4 May 2015 11795:Savage, James (20 March 2009). 10775:Hilden, Kaisa (15 March 2011). 10630:An Arab Game in the North Pole? 10134:. 6 August 2006. Archived from 10056:Scandinavian Journal of History 9596:from the original on 1 May 2011 9366:(4). Copenhagen: 335–344. 1995. 9126:NordicStorm (5 November 2007). 9119: 9087: 9033: 9001: 8964: 8890: 8865: 8840: 8815: 8790: 8762: 8738:Last, John (27 November 2021). 8731: 8701: 8674: 8648: 8570: 8538: 8513: 8487: 8460:Rykov, Sergey (21 April 2010). 8453: 8386: 8349: 8313: 8280: 8229: 8197: 8167: 8136: 8105: 8070: 8040: 8009: 7960: 7927: 7841: 7823: 7805: 7655: 7631:] (in Danish). Copenhagen: 7614: 7575: 7490: 7465: 7450: 7418: 7236: 7213: 7109: 7070: 6982: 6947: 6920: 6888: 6870:Swedish Etymological Dictionary 6833: 6801: 6772: 6741: 6726: 6680: 6649: 6572: 6497: 6323:Thomasson, Lars; Sköld, Peter. 5940: 5318:(1944–2014), an author and neo- 4285:All Sámi languages are at some 4185: 2515: 2047:Discrimination against the Sámi 1983: 1742:needs additional citations for 14286:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan 13021:Encyclopaedia of Saami Culture 11975:"Vender hjem til røttene – VG" 11374:[The Sámi in Sweden]. 10845:(in Norwegian). Archived from 10815:(in Finnish). 26 August 2014. 10713:"Samediggi | Saamelaiset info" 10632:, Board Games Studies 4: 77–82 10118:Fragments of Lappish Mythology 10021:. Twenty-First Century Books. 9764:(in Finnish). 15 August 2017. 9287:Sara, Mikkel (22 March 2009). 8948:(in Norwegian). 12 June 1987. 7817:Church record, Kvæfjord Parish 6992:. Killings, Douglas B. (ed.). 6785:University of California Press 6700:. pp. 96, 322, 326, 327. 6579:Conrad, Jo Ann (Winter 2000). 6431: 6398: 6373: 6349: 6289: 6258: 6211: 5913:Environmental racism in Europe 5816:(1985–present), alpine skiers. 5179:Notable people of Sámi descent 4987:Sámi diaspora outside of Sápmi 4373:Other traditional territories 4127:and one of the offices to the 4061:(Karasjok) is the seat of the 4007:Nordic Sámi Research Institute 3926:Saamelaisalueen koulutuskeskus 3848:in 1996 as a "Laponian Area". 3515: 2997:Fragments of Lappish Mythology 2951:, chants, sacred objects, and 2818:" ("Song of the Sámi People", 1948: 1637:A Sea Sámi man from Norway by 516: 13: 1: 12879: 12249:. 29 May 2009. Archived from 12172:10.1080/02773945.2021.1918515 11977:(in Norwegian). Pluss.vg.no. 11706:Savage, James (31 May 2010). 10283:University of Texas at Austin 9787:Leeming, David Adams (2003). 9686:Oksanen, Aslak-Antti (2020). 8439:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.04.008 8205:"Last Yoik of Saami Forests?" 7973:University of Minnesota Press 7621:Troels-Lund, Fredrik (1914). 6964:University of Texas at Austin 6840:Laakso, Johanna, ed. (1992). 6251: 5985: 5463:(1984–present), rap musician. 5278: 5268:was named after Samuel Balto. 5136:Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers 5100:Sámi mother with her children 3366:, along with a few magazines. 3087: 2129:in Norway (1990 according to 2100: 1817:name. This partly caused the 1722: 1479: 148: 15856:Indigenous peoples of Europe 13506: 13003:travel guide from Wikivoyage 10960:"The World Factbook: Norway" 10905:(in Catalan). Archived from 10785:(in Finnish). Archived from 10752:(in Finnish). Archived from 10689:(in Finnish). Archived from 10549:"Reindeer, People, Pastures" 10525:. Johtti.com. Archived from 9858:An Introduction to Shamanism 9856:DuBois, Thomas (June 2009). 9728:"Saamen lipun liputuspäivät" 9647:Studies in Global Animal Law 9587:The Working Group on the UPR 9556:. senterfornordligefolk.no. 9470:"The Nordic Sámi Convention" 9347:. Carleton University Press. 9100:Norrländska Socialdemokraten 8713:U.S. News & World Report 8656:"Sami Parliamentary Council" 8077:Goll, Sven (23 April 2010). 7472:Jahreskog, Birgitta (2009). 6365:(in Finnish). Archived from 5764:Sápmi national football team 5507:Lisa Cecilia Thomasson-Bosiö 5312:that inspired the Sámi flag. 4083:newspaper is published here. 3935:(Sámi Education Institute), 3469: 3449: 2734: 1910:Vindelfjällen Nature Reserve 813: 593: 7: 12006:. Nrk.no. 23 January 2008. 11689:Simma, Paul-Anders (2000). 11572:– via www.nature.com. 11402:"Statistik sameröstlängden" 9994:. Bayeux Arts. p. 73. 9927:"Sámi Drums – Then and Now" 9894:Shamanism: Past and Present 9655:10.1007/978-3-662-60756-5_6 9381:. No. 57. Copenhagen: 8872:Lähteenmäki, Maria (2006). 7837:] (in Norwegian). 1769. 6041:Last Yoik in Saami Forests? 5901: 5080:Sami Siida of North America 5021:Upper Peninsula of Michigan 4889:Sea Sámi (in Northern Sámi 4329:and the name of the people 4256: 3249: 2861: 2424: 2395:National Culture Centre in 2348:U.N. Human Rights Committee 1903:Natural resource extraction 1663:fjellsamene, innlandssamene 1554:Sámi people in Norway, 1928 1167: 1155: 1087: 638:(Finnish for the region of 10: 15902: 12824:Polish Academy of Sciences 12790:10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9 12681: 12406:search.alexanderstreet.com 12159:Rhetoric Society Quarterly 12032:Aikins, Mary (July 2005). 10617:Sáhkku, The "Devil's Game" 10275:"The Sami Concept of Time" 9862:Cambridge University Press 9360:Environmental Conservation 8823:"Saamenkielinen päiväkoti" 8083:Views and News from Norway 7305:10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5 7140:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 6627:Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura 5923:List of Indigenous peoples 5826:player (former player for 5775:, a Sámi skier from Sweden 5761: 5535: 5360: 5203:Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte 5189: 5182: 5089: 4946:Guovdageaidnu Municipality 4344: 4260: 3922:Sajos Sámi Cultural Centre 3887:Important Sámi settlements 3768:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3704: 3597:calf marking in the summer 3568: 3410: 3314: 3259: 3253: 3192: 3133:in addition to his native 3091: 3031: 2931:is often characterized by 2865: 2805: 2783: 2738: 2714: 2528: 2483:village on the Ponoi River 2465:Regional law, Code of the 2342:Finland ratified the 1966 2300: 2292:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2037: 2023:Chernobyl nuclear disaster 1930:that affect their future. 1819:dislocation of Sámi people 1304: 1300: 1265:generally call themselves 845:(11th to 14th centuries). 807: 770: 737:, which was borrowed from 520: 36: 29: 15876:Nomadic groups in Eurasia 15757: 15682: 15168: 15141: 14944: 14843: 14771: 14733: 14590: 14579: 14153: 14088: 14052: 14022: 13998: 13971: 13951: 13896: 13887: 13856: 13836: 13809: 13747: 13738: 13729: 13704: 13679: 13653: 13646: 13621: 13582: 13575: 13566: 13515: 13417: 13389: 13366: 13329: 13256: 13198: 13071: 12947:, by Jabez L. Van Cleef. 12933:, by Veli-Pekka Lehtola. 12733:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017 12034:"Heart of a Prairie Girl" 11780:Sellevold, Berit (2002). 11440:Sámediggi Sámi Parliament 11242:10.1017/S0047404500018996 11052:American Indian Quarterly 10869:"Karasjok Kommune: Facts" 10641:Murray, H. J. R. (1951). 10322:10.1163/9789004346710_015 10308:Fonneland, Trude (2017). 10068:10.1080/03468759708579352 9468:Solbakk, John T. (2006). 8971:Solbakk, John T. (2006). 8897:Solbakk, John T. (2006). 8236:Ove Varsi, Magne (2010). 7584:"Pursuing Sami Genealogy" 7364:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.026 6901:Svenska Akademiens ordbok 6865:Svensk etymologisk ordbok 6779:Collinder, Björn (1965). 6297:"Focus on Sámi in Norway" 5757: 5497:(1959–present), musician. 5491:(1951–present), musician. 5395:(1956–present), musician. 5252:Explorers and adventurers 4372: 4370:Most important territory 4369: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4063:Norwegian Sámi Parliament 3881:municipalities in Finland 3738: 3369:There is a Sámi theatre, 3117:pastor and administrator 3113:Around 1840 Swedish Sámi 2850: 2814: 2802:"Song of the Sámi People" 2703:The question whether the 2583:Sámi Parliament of Russia 2552:Sámi Parliament of Norway 2383: 2381:Kildin Sami Map (green). 2372: 2316:The act establishing the 2263: 2120:Sámi Parliament of Norway 2110: 1384:Paleo-Laplandic languages 1244: 1230: 1186: 1161: 1149: 1082: 1058: 1017: 1003: 603:), of the same meaning). 599: 448:inhabiting the region of 368: 363: 293: 288: 270: 250: 232: 214: 196: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 136: 122: 62: 15831:Ethnic groups in Finland 14075:Guovdageainnu Lagasradio 12905:, by H. D. Rennerfeldt. 12862:Robert Paine (1926–2010) 12607:Rakkautta & Anarkiaa 12221:"VM med samer i centrum" 11902:"Stolt over å være same" 11814:. Le Monde diplomatique. 11636:(in Finnish). Helsinki: 11199:"Mapping SÁMI Languages" 10086:Holloway, Alan "Ivvár". 9705:10.1177/0038038520943105 9387:Originally published in 8772:, Dagmar Schiek (2001). 8463: 7936:"The Sami vs. Outsiders" 7831:Folketelling av Kvæfjord 7220:Rahkonen, Pauli (2021). 7031:Tromsø University Museum 6935:. pp. s.v. lappir. 6862:Hellquist, Elof (1922). 6204: 6075:The Kautokeino Rebellion 6004:, among the Sámi people. 5864: 5601:(1979–present), actress. 5401:, singer and songwriter. 3637: 3523: 3406: 2903:Indigenous Sámi religion 2667:Land rights for grazing 2642:, are allowed to join a 2248:The Council of Europe's 2174:Mountain landscape near 1474:A Sámi man and child in 682:and its adjectival form 555:(of Sámi kin), the word 440:) are the traditionally 15846:Ethnic groups in Russia 15841:Ethnic groups in Norway 15836:Ethnic groups in Sweden 14147:Ethnic groups in Russia 13026:26 January 2022 at the 12303:. BRC Imagination Arts. 10662:Wilkins, Sally (2002). 10578:Kaiser, Niclas (2011). 9925:Gusto, Ken Emerson Jr. 9310:Bystrov, G. E. (2000). 9164:University of Minnesota 8181:. Verdict Media. 2010. 8179:Hydrocarbons Technology 7934:Woodard, Káre (Kimmi). 7901:Kuiper, Andrea (Elle). 7434:Oxford University Press 6698:Oxford University Press 6675:Hansen & Olsen 2014 6514:SVT Nyhetter Norrbotten 6143:, written by Norwegian 5617:Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers 5092:Genetic studies on Sámi 5069:Alaska Reindeer Service 4950:Kárášjohka Municipality 4125:Sámi Information Centre 4075:Sámi Specialist Library 4003:Sámi University College 3941:Inari Sámi Siida Museum 3918:Finnish Sámi Parliament 3559:Russian Orthodox Church 3496:Kautokeino Municipality 3459:Sámi University College 2988:La Recherche Expedition 2893:Russian Orthodox Church 2880:with his meavrresgárri 2829:Song of the Sámi Family 2589:Norwegian organizations 2500:On 16 November 2005 in 2318:Finnish Sámi Parliament 2281:Swedish Sámi Parliament 2180:Hammerfest Municipality 1639:Prince Roland Bonaparte 1627:Prince Roland Bonaparte 1449:from the 19th century. 1174:In Finland and Sweden, 1053:. Variants of the name 1011: 963: 936: 860: 853: 833: 764: 740: 733: 726: 716: 704: 696: 678: 672: 665: 649: 634: 628: 621:was also borrowed into 617: 580: 538: 13928:Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála 12820:Medieval Arctic Norway 11099:Cite journal requires 11067:Cite journal requires 10350:Samisk Kunstner Senter 8798:"Saamen kielen opetus" 8374:Cite journal requires 8337:Cite journal requires 8149:Save the Baltic Salmon 7879:Cite journal requires 7404:"The ski-going people" 7058:Cite journal requires 7021:Paine, Robert (1957). 6927:de Vries, Jan (1962). 6656:Derksen, Rick (2007). 6623:"The Finnic Ethnonyms" 5852:defenseman, member of 5787: 5776: 5629:(1999), Finnish actor. 5550: 5475:(1941–2014), composer. 5372: 5291: 5211:historical linguistics 5155: 5101: 4999: 4981:2010 All-Russia Census 4966:Gáivuotna Municipality 4924: 4877:Division by occupation 4838: 4830: 4762:Eastern Sámi languages 4741:critically endangered 4723:Eastern Sámi languages 4684:Eastern Sámi languages 4645:Eastern Sámi languages 4599:Eastern Sámi languages 4575:critically endangered 4557:Western Sámi languages 4520:Southern Sámi language 4515:Western Sámi languages 4491:critically endangered 4473:Western Sámi languages 4431:Western Sámi languages 4405:definitely endangered 4392:Northern Sámi language 4387:Western Sámi languages 4287:degree of endangerment 4275: 4203: 4195: 4048: 4040: 4029:Jiellevárri, or Váhčir 3975:Gáivuotna Municipality 3914:Aanaar, Anár, or Aanar 3906: 3832:The municipalities of 3770: 3752: 3598: 3582: 3425: 3421:Sara Marielle Gaup at 3333: 3283: 3223: 3212: 3204: 3144:to convert from their 3110: 3063:Protestant Reformation 3046: 2884: 2750: 2671: 2557:The Sámi Parliaments ( 2554: 2496:Nordic Sámi Convention 2484: 2458: 2399: 2388: 2339: 2313: 2276: 2182: 2139:Norwegian Constitution 2122: 2106:Official Sámi policies 2014: 1964: 1899: 1790: 1662: 1656: 1642: 1630: 1555: 1542: 1485: 1438:Scandinavian languages 1324: 1316: 1293: 1287: 1277: 1267: 1238: 1224: 1214: 1204: 1194: 1180: 1144: 1136: 1128: 1120: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1074: 1066: 1025: 995: 981: 975: 969: 951: 929: 911: 905: 897: 889: 857:, from proto-Germanic 831:(or variants, such as 799: 793: 779: 757: 684: 655: 573:was borrowed from the 557: 551: 545: 535: 533:François-Auguste Biard 496:Uralic language family 486: 266:945 (first and second) 12872:Coast Lapp Society II 12816:Urbańczyk, Przemysław 12765:Nature Communications 12523:LevelK ApS Film Sales 12298:"Sapmi-Magic Theater" 11945:10.1353/scd.2011.0018 11692:Give Us Our Skeletons 11553:Nature Communications 11279:Lehtola, Veli-Pekka. 8847:Minde, Henry (2008). 7582:Pesklo, Christopher. 7426:Price, Theron Douglas 7358:(10): 1701–1711.e16. 7284:Nature Communications 7191:Lang, Valter (2020). 6931:(in German). Leiden: 6362:Parliament of Finland 6021:Give Us Our Skeletons 5974:Bob Rogers (designer) 5820:Morten Gamst Pedersen 5782: 5771: 5725:, lives and works in 5686:Parliament of Finland 5545: 5538:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre 5368: 5324:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre 5286: 5149: 5099: 5053:Northwest Territories 4994: 4954:Porsáŋgu Municipality 4914: 4851:Division by geography 4836: 4796: 4270: 4235:cultural assimilation 4201: 4193: 4046: 4038: 3999:Beaivváš Sámi Theatre 3894: 3758: 3746: 3689:is a game related to 3588: 3578: 3500:Karasjok Municipality 3443:Angelica archangelica 3420: 3385:Muitalus sámiid birra 3351:Children's television 3330:Muitalus sámiid birra 3324: 3281: 3218: 3210: 3202: 3125:movement emphasizing 3105: 3070:trials and burnings. 3042:A sermon at the 2004 3041: 2875: 2748: 2723:Sámi identity symbols 2666: 2650:Russian organizations 2630:countries, i.e., the 2613:Finnish organizations 2601:Swedish organizations 2538: 2479: 2450: 2425:malochislennye narody 2394: 2387:is "Sámi" in Russian. 2380: 2334: 2308: 2271: 2173: 2118: 2012: 1956: 1897: 1788: 1636: 1620: 1558:Until the arrival of 1553: 1540: 1473: 1404:Finno-Ugric languages 1333:Proto-Uralic homeland 1322: 1314: 1258:is exceedingly rare. 946: 530: 521:Further information: 484:, e.g. Northern Sámi 264:480 (first ancestry) 15683:Unrecognized peoples 15169:Other ethnic peoples 14479:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks 12992:at Wikimedia Commons 12857:Coast Lapp Society I 12464:. 15 November 2017. 12283:on 25 February 2017. 11933:Scandinavian Studies 11757:. 15 December 1997. 11560:. 27 November 2018. 11442:(in Finnish). 2019. 11291:on 28 September 2007 10615:Borvo, Alan (2001), 10559:on 21 September 2019 10273:Redding, Stephanie. 10194:on 18 September 2008 10188:"Aviissat ja bládit" 9482:on 27 September 2007 9166:Human Rights Library 9132:The European Tribune 9021:on 25 September 2014 8915:on 27 September 2007 8118:Intercontinental Cry 7758:(Report). New York: 7635:. pp. 129–130. 7414:on 22 November 2010. 7169:on 29 September 2008 7023:"Coast Lapp society" 6904:(in Swedish). 1939. 6631:Finno-Ugrian Society 6560:on 27 September 2007 6330:Nationalencyklopedin 6197:My Fathers' Daughter 6191:Ann-Helén Laestadius 6121:forcibly assimilated 5751:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää 5732:Hans Ragnar Mathisen 5692:Irja Seurujärvi-Kari 5652:Lars Levi Laestadius 5646:Politics and society 5611:Lene Cecilia Sparrok 5605:Sara Margrethe Oskal 5599:Anni-Kristiina Juuso 5581:Kautokeino Rebellion 5525:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää 5425:Ingor Ánte Áilo Gaup 5354:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää 5332:(born 1971), author. 5330:Ann-Helén Laestadius 5288:Nils-Aslak Valkeapää 5227:(1926–2021) Born in 4962:Unjárga Municipality 4767:Akkala Sámi language 4702:severely endangered 4663:severely endangered 4650:Kildin Sámi language 4617:severely endangered 4533:severely endangered 4449:severely endangered 4289:, ranging from what 4169:Norwegian Parliament 4047:Log cabin in Utsjoki 4017:Kautokeino rebellion 3539:Lars Levi Laestadius 3463:University of Tromsø 3392:Ann-Helén Laestadius 3390:In 2023 Sámi author 3311:Media and literature 3119:Lars Levi Laestadius 3094:Lars Levi Laestadius 2794:was held in 1917 in 2326:Finnish Centre Party 2013:Sámi man from Norway 1879:Norwegian parliament 1751:improve this article 1621:A Sea Sámi man from 1428:by the researchers. 1388:Pre-Finnic substrate 174:Sápmi 63,831–107,341 30:For other uses, see 15851:Finno-Ugric peoples 15758:Assimilated peoples 14374:Meadow-Eastern Mari 12782:2018NatCo...9..442M 12070:on 10 February 2009 11912:on 15 February 2009 11372:"Samerna i Sverige" 11230:Language in Society 10940:on 10 February 2009 10909:on 27 December 2009 10839:"Samisk skyteskive" 10553:reindeerherding.org 10501:10.1017/cor.2015.14 10426:Stålnert, Bigitta. 10018:Finland in Pictures 9932:University of Texas 9385:. pp. 137–143. 8609:on 12 February 2015 8268:on 13 November 2019 7941:University of Texas 7908:University of Texas 7855:on 21 October 2010. 7802:, pp. 255–256. 7508:(1889–1890): 18–52. 7297:2018NatCo...9.5018L 6733:Mutt, Oleg (1965). 6593:on 18 December 2008 6586:Scandinavian Review 6415:. 22 January 2007. 5908:Origins of the Sámi 5854:Hockey Hall of Fame 5812:(1981–present) and 5576:Kautokeino-Opprøret 5411:and Duolva Duottar. 5185:List of Sámi people 5132:Pitted Ware culture 4958:Deatnu Municipality 4907:Division by country 4689:Inari Sámi language 4604:Skolt Sámi language 4336:American scientist 4165:Várjjat Sámi Museum 4023:Iänudâh, or Eanodat 3904:Lovozersky District 3846:World Heritage Site 3826:Västerbotten county 3613:forced assimilation 3006:Theory of Sacrifice 2992:Lars Levi Læstadius 2984:Joseph Paul Gaimard 2792:first Sámi congress 2137:Article 108 of the 1886:Contemporary issues 1823:forced displacement 1789:Sámi family in 1936 1601:Xenopsylla cheopsis 1590:. Depending on the 1494:Lierne Municipality 1447:forced assimilation 1345:Corded Ware culture 1159:) and in Ukrainian 1019:Johannes Schefferus 59: 15805:Siberian Bukharans 14964:Aukhovite Chechens 14916:Siberian Bukharans 14242:Aukhovite Chechens 12613:on 20 October 2023 12556:(in Northern Sami) 12104:. Arkivverket.no. 11714:on 18 August 2010. 10849:on 13 October 2007 10756:on 11 October 2011 10415:on 4 October 2013. 9790:European Mythology 9622:. 8 January 2007. 9585:(Report). Geneva: 9389:Moscow News Weekly 9254:Queen's University 8695:10.3917/adh.105.79 8501:on 27 January 2021 8028:on 28 January 2022 8022:geographical.co.uk 7703:, p. 242–244. 6413:U.S. Census Bureau 6094:, produced by the 5993:The White Reindeer 5928:Reindeer in Russia 5897:, famous criminal. 5788: 5777: 5698:Laila Susanne Vars 5670:Elsa Laula Renberg 5551: 5373: 5292: 5173:Tierpark Hagenbeck 5156: 5102: 5000: 4925: 4842:Kemi Sámi language 4839: 4831: 4478:Pite Sámi language 4436:Lule Sámi language 4276: 4233:Still, due to the 4204: 4196: 4049: 4041: 3907: 3853:Sámi Domicile Area 3771: 3753: 3599: 3583: 3565:Reindeer husbandry 3426: 3334: 3284: 3224: 3213: 3205: 3142:Swedish government 3111: 3057:was introduced by 3047: 3044:Samiske kirkedager 2885: 2751: 2672: 2555: 2485: 2459: 2400: 2389: 2340: 2314: 2277: 2183: 2131:ILO convention 169 2123: 2015: 1965: 1900: 1877:was passed in the 1791: 1648:Norwegian monarchy 1643: 1631: 1556: 1543: 1507:Lesja Municipality 1486: 1325: 1317: 1281: 1271: 1212:) in Finland; and 952: 948:Aleksander Lauréus 688: 659: 584:, meaning 'land' ( 536: 446:Indigenous peoples 57: 15813: 15812: 15442: 15440:Astrakhan Kazakhs 15164: 15163: 14923:Zabolotnie Tatars 14402:Northwestern Mari 14113: 14112: 14109: 14108: 14018: 14017: 13883: 13882: 13793:Saǥai Muittalægje 13725: 13724: 13700: 13699: 13642: 13641: 13474: 13473: 13277:Northwestern Mari 13063:Peoples speaking 12988:Media related to 12971:978-1-62963-712-9 12953:978-1-4382-2189-2 12939:978-1-889963-75-4 12925:978-1-84904-257-4 12911:978-1-62675-021-0 12837:978-83-900213-0-0 12701:978-90-04-25254-7 12438:on 2 January 2013 11736:on 27 April 2011. 11475:. 31 March 2022. 10993:"The Sámi people" 10749:Helsingin Sanomat 10331:978-90-04-34671-0 10226:978-82-8263-063-4 10028:978-0-7613-6380-4 10001:978-1-896209-21-0 9871:978-0-521-69536-7 9800:978-0-19-514361-4 9664:978-3-662-60755-8 9080:978-91-973654-4-4 8883:978-951-1-21099-3 8876:. Keuruu: Otava. 8858:978-90-5972-204-0 8783:978-1-4094-9750-9 8531:978-0-7546-3317-4 7790:, pp. 29–34. 7543:978-0-9788460-6-0 7483:978-0-391-02687-2 7443:978-0-19-023197-2 7206:978-951-858-130-0 7090:978-1-55671-103-9 6990:Grammaticus, Saxo 6794:978-0-520-32988-1 6737:. pp. 27–32. 6707:978-0-19-815050-3 6542:Solbakk, John T. 6302:Statistics Norway 5980:Ume Sámi language 5860:all-century team. 5233:Religious Studies 5113:maternal lineages 4979:According to the 4964:in Finnmark, and 4791: 4790: 4728:Ter Sámi language 4562:Ume Sámi language 4338:Michael E. Krauss 4175:, was born there. 3937:Anarâškielâ servi 3814:Norrbotten county 3505:Isogaisa Festival 3075:Thomas von Westen 3028:Christian mission 2929:Sámi spirituality 2841:Saǥai Muittalægje 2786:Sámi National Day 2780:Sámi People's Day 2239:Council of Europe 2127:Indigenous people 1863:Alta Municipality 1783: 1782: 1775: 1511:Vang Municipality 1279: 1269: 958:can be traced to 686: 657: 392: 391: 386:Eastern Orthodoxy 16:(Redirected from 15893: 15729:Crimean Italians 15698: 15628: 15584: 15550: 15517:Meskhetian Turks 15501: 15482: 15463: 15461:Sakhalin Koreans 15456: 15438: 15393: 15379: 15372: 15353: 15346: 15339: 15332: 15325: 15301: 15294: 15287: 15273: 15245:Crimean Karaites 15204: 15107: 15100: 15071: 15070: 15057: 14925: 14918: 14911: 14904: 14897: 14890: 14871: 14789: 14699: 14675: 14668: 14588: 14587: 14565: 14558: 14551: 14544: 14542:Astrakhan Tatars 14537: 14518: 14504: 14495: 14488: 14481: 14474: 14460: 14453: 14439: 14425: 14418: 14404: 14397: 14396: 14383: 14382: 14352: 14331: 14324: 14275: 14268: 14244: 14215: 14208: 14201: 14187: 14180: 14173: 14140: 14133: 14126: 14117: 14116: 13894: 13893: 13745: 13744: 13736: 13735: 13651: 13650: 13580: 13579: 13573: 13572: 13501: 13494: 13487: 13478: 13477: 13466: 13065:Uralic languages 13057: 13050: 13043: 13034: 13033: 12999: 12987: 12919:, by Neil Kent. 12895:(the chapter on 12875: 12860: 12841: 12811: 12801: 12754: 12744: 12705: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12670: 12655: 12649: 12648: 12646: 12644: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12609:. Archived from 12598: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12587: 12572: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12545: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12484: 12478: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12454: 12448: 12447: 12445: 12443: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12398: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12387: 12367: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12341: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12330: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12294: 12285: 12284: 12279:. Archived from 12277:NordnorgesGuiden 12269: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12258: 12243: 12237: 12236: 12234: 12232: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12195:"Nunatsiaq News" 12191: 12185: 12184: 12174: 12150: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12134:on 16 March 2009 12124: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12113: 12098: 12092: 12089: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12075: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12029: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12000: 11991: 11990: 11988: 11986: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11917: 11898: 11892: 11891: 11885: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11862: 11856: 11855: 11849: 11841: 11839: 11837: 11831: 11822: 11816: 11815: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11747: 11738: 11737: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11686: 11677: 11676: 11672: 11666: 11660: 11654: 11648: 11642: 11641: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11612: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11448: 11437: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11337: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11326: 11307: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11296: 11287:. Archived from 11276: 11270: 11269: 11225: 11219: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11203:Cartography M.Sc 11195: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11175:(in Norwegian). 11164: 11158: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11147: 11140: 11131: 11125: 11118: 11109: 11108: 11102: 11097: 11095: 11087: 11083: 11077: 11076: 11070: 11065: 11063: 11055: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11016: 11005: 11004: 10999:. Archived from 10988: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10936:. Archived from 10925: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10895: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10884: 10875:. Archived from 10873:Karasjok kommune 10865: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10854: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10677: 10671: 10660: 10654: 10639: 10633: 10626: 10620: 10613: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10584: 10575: 10569: 10568: 10566: 10564: 10555:. Archived from 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10523:"Johtti Kompani" 10519: 10513: 10512: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10464:. 1 March 2012. 10454: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10443: 10423: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10408:. Archived from 10407: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10375: 10366: 10365: 10363: 10361: 10352:(in Norwegian). 10342: 10336: 10335: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10128: 10122: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10099: 10083: 10072: 10071: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10040: 10012: 10006: 10005: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9955: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9922: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9902: 9891: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9754: 9748: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9707: 9698:(6): 1141–1158. 9683: 9677: 9676: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9612: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9595: 9584: 9576: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9524: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9498: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9481: 9474: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9448: 9441: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9416: 9409: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9379:IWGIA Newsletter 9374: 9368: 9367: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9325: 9316: 9315: 9307: 9301: 9300: 9295:. Archived from 9284: 9278: 9277: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9261:on 16 June 2012. 9257:. Archived from 9244: 9238: 9237: 9232:. Archived from 9221: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9128:"Minority MEPs?" 9123: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9107:on 30 April 2011 9091: 9085: 9084: 9070: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9045:Sveriges riksdag 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8989:on 14 March 2012 8988: 8982:. Archived from 8977: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8936: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8914: 8908:. Archived from 8903: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8869: 8863: 8862: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8794: 8788: 8787: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8662:on 17 April 2013 8652: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8608: 8602:. Archived from 8583: 8574: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8377: 8372: 8370: 8362: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8340: 8335: 8333: 8325: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8300: 8293: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8261:Barents Observer 8252: 8246: 8245: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8140: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8074: 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8024:. Archived from 8013: 8007: 8006: 7994: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7898: 7889: 7888: 7882: 7877: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7768: 7757: 7749: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7649:Projekt Runeberg 7646: 7644: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7579: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7565:(2009): 197–210. 7561:(in Norwegian). 7554: 7548: 7547: 7519: 7510: 7509: 7504:(in Norwegian). 7494: 7488: 7487: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7410:. Archived from 7400: 7394: 7393: 7383: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7324: 7274: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7165:. Archived from 7152: 7146: 7145: 7139: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7061: 7056: 7054: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6933:Brill Publishers 6924: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6758:Brill Publishers 6745: 6739: 6738: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6633:. Archived from 6618: 6607: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6589:. Archived from 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6559: 6553:. Archived from 6548: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6481:. Archived from 6470: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6447:(in Ukrainian). 6435: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6410: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6320: 6311: 6310: 6309:on 9 March 2012. 6305:. Archived from 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6267:"Sámi in Sweden" 6262: 6245: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6218: 6215: 6087:Amanita muscaria 5896: 5888:Svein-Eirik Utsi 5882:Swedish nobility 5879: 5828:Blackburn Rovers 5822:(1981–present), 5740: 5682:Janne Seurujärvi 5658:Ole Henrik Magga 5587:Jalmari Helander 5532:Film and theatre 5515:, musical group. 5481:(1971–present), 5479:Ulla Pirttijärvi 5461:Mikkâl Morottaja 5449:Gustav Kappfjell 5379:, musical group. 5207:Uralic languages 5198:(born 1977), in 5049:Northern Ontario 4364:Speakers (2010) 4358:Speakers (1997) 4343: 4342: 4194:Sámi child, 1923 4071:Sámi Collections 3934: 3822:county in Norway 3810:county in Norway 3804:county in Norway 3780:county in Norway 3686:Dablot Prejjesne 3629:Province of Oulu 3580:Reindeer herding 3571:Reindeer herding 3543:Church of Sweden 3489: 3400:of the same name 3219:Sámi woman from 2897:Eastern Orthodox 2853: 2852: 2851:Sámi soga lávlla 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2815:Sámi soga lávlla 2808:Sámi soga lávlla 2771: 2659:Border conflicts 2548:Ole Henrik Magga 2540:Sven-Roald Nystø 2525:Sámi Parliaments 2427: 2386: 2385: 2322:Janne Seurujärvi 2078:Church of Sweden 2057:Norwegianization 1999:Alta controversy 1927:mine reclamation 1867:Sámi soga lávlla 1803:Christianization 1778: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1758: 1735: 1727: 1709:Nasa silver mine 1665: 1659: 1613:Fishing industry 1541:Three Sámi women 1519:Hol Municipality 1484: 1481: 1414:hunter-gatherers 1361:Finnish Lakeland 1329:Uralic languages 1296: 1290: 1284: 1274: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1227: 1220:Stockholm County 1217: 1207: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1183: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1090: 1084: 1060: 1030: 1022: 1021: 1014: 1008: 1007: 1005:Saxo Grammaticus 1000: 984: 978: 972: 966: 932: 914: 908: 902: 894: 866:hunter-gatherers 863: 856: 836: 818: 810: 809: 804: 796: 782: 760: 743: 736: 729: 719: 707: 699: 691: 681: 675: 668: 662: 652: 637: 631: 620: 602: 601: 596: 583: 560: 554: 548: 511:reindeer herding 489: 428: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 278: 276: 275: 258: 256: 255: 240: 238: 237: 222: 220: 219: 204: 202: 201: 186: 184: 183: 164:Estimated 80,000 159:Total population 153: 150: 141: 127: 60: 56: 21: 15901: 15900: 15896: 15895: 15894: 15892: 15891: 15890: 15816: 15815: 15814: 15809: 15753: 15724:Caucasus Greeks 15696:Afro-Abkhazians 15694: 15678: 15624: 15580: 15548:Kola Norwegians 15546: 15497: 15478: 15459: 15452: 15389: 15375: 15368: 15349: 15342: 15335: 15328: 15321: 15297: 15290: 15283: 15269: 15200: 15160: 15137: 15103: 15096: 15064: 15060: 15053: 14940: 14921: 14914: 14907: 14900: 14893: 14886: 14882:Siberian Tatars 14867: 14839: 14785: 14767: 14729: 14695: 14671: 14664: 14582: 14575: 14561: 14554: 14547: 14540: 14531: 14514: 14500: 14491: 14486:Baikal Cossacks 14484: 14477: 14470: 14456: 14449: 14435: 14421: 14414: 14400: 14390: 14386: 14376: 14372: 14348: 14327: 14320: 14271: 14264: 14240: 14211: 14204: 14197: 14183: 14176: 14169: 14156: 14149: 14144: 14114: 14105: 14084: 14080:Kola Sámi Radio 14048: 14014: 13994: 13967: 13947: 13942:Sámi magasiidna 13879: 13852: 13832: 13820:Daerpies Dierie 13805: 13721: 13696: 13675: 13654:Central Western 13638: 13617: 13562: 13511: 13505: 13475: 13470: 13460: 13413: 13385: 13362: 13325: 13252: 13194: 13067: 13061: 13028:Wayback Machine 12980: 12882: 12848: 12846:Further reading 12838: 12774:Nature Research 12716:Current Biology 12702: 12684: 12679: 12678: 12668: 12666: 12656: 12652: 12642: 12640: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12599: 12595: 12585: 12583: 12573: 12569: 12559: 12557: 12546: 12542: 12532: 12530: 12517: 12516: 12512: 12502: 12500: 12485: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12458:"Suddenly Sami" 12456: 12455: 12451: 12441: 12439: 12430: 12429: 12425: 12415: 12413: 12400: 12399: 12395: 12385: 12383: 12368: 12364: 12354: 12352: 12343: 12342: 12338: 12328: 12326: 12313: 12312: 12308: 12300: 12296: 12295: 12288: 12271: 12270: 12266: 12256: 12254: 12245: 12244: 12240: 12230: 12228: 12219: 12218: 12214: 12204: 12202: 12193: 12192: 12188: 12151: 12147: 12137: 12135: 12126: 12125: 12121: 12111: 12109: 12100: 12099: 12095: 12090: 12083: 12073: 12071: 12062: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12045: 12038:Reader's Digest 12030: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12002: 12001: 11994: 11984: 11982: 11973: 11972: 11968: 11929: 11925: 11915: 11913: 11900: 11899: 11895: 11879: 11878: 11871: 11869: 11864: 11863: 11859: 11843: 11842: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11823: 11819: 11808: 11804: 11799:. Radio Sweden. 11793: 11789: 11778: 11774: 11764: 11762: 11749: 11748: 11741: 11724: 11723: 11719: 11704: 11700: 11687: 11680: 11673: 11669: 11661: 11657: 11649: 11645: 11631: 11630: 11626: 11581: 11577: 11567: 11565: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11528: 11524: 11514: 11512: 11497: 11496: 11492: 11482: 11480: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11452: 11450: 11446: 11435: 11430: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11400: 11399: 11395: 11385: 11383: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11355: 11353: 11338: 11334: 11324: 11322: 11309: 11308: 11304: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11273: 11226: 11222: 11212: 11210: 11197: 11196: 11192: 11182: 11180: 11165: 11161: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11138: 11132: 11128: 11119: 11112: 11100: 11098: 11089: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11068: 11066: 11057: 11056: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11017: 11008: 11003:on 24 May 2006. 10989: 10985: 10975: 10973: 10958: 10957: 10953: 10943: 10941: 10934:Virtual Finland 10926: 10922: 10912: 10910: 10897: 10896: 10892: 10882: 10880: 10879:on 19 July 2007 10867: 10866: 10862: 10852: 10850: 10837: 10836: 10832: 10822: 10820: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10789:on 20 July 2011 10773: 10769: 10759: 10757: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10711: 10710: 10706: 10696: 10694: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10661: 10657: 10640: 10636: 10627: 10623: 10614: 10610: 10600: 10598: 10582: 10576: 10572: 10562: 10560: 10547: 10546: 10542: 10532: 10530: 10521: 10520: 10516: 10485: 10481: 10471: 10469: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10441: 10439: 10424: 10420: 10412: 10405: 10403:"Kompani Nomad" 10399: 10395: 10376: 10369: 10359: 10357: 10344: 10343: 10339: 10332: 10306: 10302: 10292: 10290: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10211: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10186: 10185: 10181: 10171: 10169: 10162:The Nordic Page 10156: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10138:on 23 June 2013 10130: 10129: 10125: 10111: 10107: 10097: 10095: 10084: 10075: 10052: 10048: 10038: 10036: 10029: 10013: 10009: 10002: 9988: 9984: 9974: 9972: 9957: 9956: 9952: 9942: 9940: 9923: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9900: 9889: 9883: 9879: 9872: 9854: 9850: 9840: 9838: 9825: 9824: 9820: 9810: 9808: 9801: 9785: 9781: 9771: 9769: 9756: 9755: 9751: 9741: 9739: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9684: 9680: 9665: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9599: 9597: 9593: 9589:. 14 May 2010. 9582: 9578: 9577: 9573: 9563: 9561: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9537: 9535: 9526: 9525: 9521: 9511: 9509: 9500: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9483: 9479: 9472: 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9420: 9418: 9414: 9407: 9399: 9395: 9375: 9371: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9341: 9337: 9326: 9319: 9308: 9304: 9293:Northern Review 9285: 9281: 9270: 9266: 9245: 9241: 9236:on 11 May 2011. 9222: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9155: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9124: 9120: 9110: 9108: 9093: 9092: 9088: 9081: 9071: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9047:. 9 June 2009. 9039: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9007: 9006: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8975: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8938: 8937: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8912: 8901: 8895: 8891: 8884: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8821: 8820: 8816: 8806: 8804: 8796: 8795: 8791: 8784: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8736: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8707: 8706: 8702: 8679: 8675: 8665: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8649: 8639: 8637: 8626: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8600: 8581: 8575: 8571: 8561: 8559: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8478: 8476: 8465: 8458: 8454: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8400:. EALÁT. 2010. 8392: 8391: 8387: 8375: 8373: 8364: 8363: 8359:Lexington Books 8354: 8350: 8338: 8336: 8327: 8326: 8320:"Aigi (Time)". 8319: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8244:on 11 May 2011. 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8158: 8156: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8110: 8106: 8096: 8094: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8059: 8054:. EALAT. 2010. 8046: 8045: 8041: 8031: 8029: 8014: 8010: 7995: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7932: 7928: 7918: 7916: 7899: 7892: 7880: 7878: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7847: 7846: 7842: 7835:Kvæfjord Census 7829: 7828: 7824: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7755: 7751: 7750: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7685: 7683: 7676: 7660: 7656: 7642: 7640: 7619: 7615: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7591: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7520: 7513: 7498:Nielsen, Yngvar 7495: 7491: 7484: 7476:. Rättsfonden. 7470: 7466: 7455: 7451: 7444: 7423: 7419: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7351:Current Biology 7342: 7338: 7275: 7268: 7258: 7256: 7241: 7237: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7189: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7153: 7149: 7133: 7132: 7125: 7123: 7119:Nomadic Peoples 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7091: 7075: 7071: 7059: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7038: 7019: 7015: 7005: 7003: 7002:on 18 June 2019 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6952: 6948: 6925: 6921: 6911: 6909: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6860: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6777: 6773: 6746: 6742: 6731: 6727: 6717: 6715: 6708: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6619: 6610: 6596: 6594: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6546: 6540: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6502: 6498: 6488: 6486: 6485:on 29 June 2011 6471: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6369:on 2 June 2014. 6355: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6321: 6314: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6148:Frode Fjellheim 6002:Finnish Lapland 5998:Valkoinen peura 5988: 5943: 5934:Sampo Lappelill 5918:Hamburg culture 5904: 5890: 5873: 5867: 5856:, voted to the 5766: 5760: 5734: 5711: 5676:Isak Mikal Saba 5648: 5639:Renée Zellweger 5593:Lance Henriksen 5579:, based on the 5540: 5534: 5415:Frode Fjellheim 5383:The Blacksheeps 5363: 5336:Isak Mikal Saba 5302:Anders Fjellner 5281: 5262:Fridtjof Nansen 5254: 5192: 5187: 5181: 5144: 5109:genetic studies 5105:Anthropologists 5094: 5088: 5086:Genetic studies 4989: 4909: 4879: 4853: 4828: 4352:Language group 4265: 4259: 4213:native language 4188: 4129:Sámi Parliament 4095:Finnmark Estate 3983:Ája Sámi Center 3928: 3889: 3877:Sámi Parliament 3796:Murmansk oblast 3784:Jämtland county 3747:Sámi people in 3741: 3709: 3703: 3701:Cultural region 3640: 3573: 3567: 3545:as part of the 3526: 3518: 3483: 3472: 3452: 3415: 3409: 3319: 3313: 3276: 3258: 3252: 3197: 3191: 3155: 3100: 3092:Main articles: 3090: 3036: 3030: 2986:as part of his 2980:Norse mythology 2905: 2870: 2864: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2810: 2804: 2788: 2782: 2774:Anders Fjellner 2769: 2743: 2737: 2725: 2717: 2661: 2652: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2533: 2527: 2518: 2498: 2467:Murmansk Oblast 2375: 2336:Finnish Lapland 2303: 2273:Sámi Parliament 2266: 2187:Finnmark Estate 2158:Sámi Parliament 2113: 2108: 2103: 2049: 2040: 2027:nuclear fallout 2007: 1986: 1970:landrättigheter 1951: 1905: 1888: 1844:war destruction 1827:Elin Anna Labba 1779: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1748: 1736: 1725: 1681: 1672:Sámi Parliament 1615: 1548: 1535: 1523:Ål Municipality 1482: 1468: 1434: 1406:in the region. 1339:, which is the 1309: 1303: 1263:Finnish Lapland 941: 819:) in classical 775: 773:Finn (ethnonym) 769: 692:must come from 614:: Proto-Baltic 549:(the Sámis) or 541: 525: 519: 432:; also spelled 426: 403: 399: 372: 344: 273: 271: 265: 253: 251: 235: 233: 217: 215: 199: 197: 181: 179: 154: 151: 143:Sámi outside a 132: 118: 112: 103: 94: 81: 72: 55: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15899: 15889: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15811: 15810: 15808: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15761: 15759: 15755: 15754: 15752: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15714:Astrakhan Jews 15711: 15706: 15701: 15700: 15699: 15686: 15684: 15680: 15679: 15677: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15630: 15629: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15586: 15585: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15552: 15551: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15490: 15485: 15484: 15483: 15471: 15466: 15465: 15464: 15457: 15445: 15444: 15443: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15382: 15381: 15380: 15373: 15361: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15347: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15299:Siberian Finns 15295: 15292:Murmansk Finns 15288: 15276: 15275: 15274: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15206: 15205: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15172: 15170: 15166: 15165: 15162: 15161: 15159: 15158: 15156:Tver Karelians 15153: 15147: 15145: 15139: 15138: 15136: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15109: 15108: 15101: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15073: 15072: 15058: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14950: 14948: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14927: 14926: 14919: 14912: 14905: 14898: 14891: 14879: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14860: 14855: 14849: 14847: 14841: 14840: 14838: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14791: 14790: 14777: 14775: 14769: 14768: 14766: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14739: 14737: 14731: 14730: 14728: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14669: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14596: 14594: 14585: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14567: 14566: 14559: 14552: 14545: 14526: 14521: 14520: 14519: 14507: 14506: 14505: 14498: 14497: 14496: 14493:Kuban Cossacks 14489: 14482: 14463: 14462: 14461: 14454: 14442: 14441: 14440: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14419: 14407: 14406: 14405: 14398: 14384: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14354: 14353: 14341: 14336: 14335: 14334: 14333: 14332: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14281:Crimean Tatars 14278: 14277: 14276: 14269: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14246: 14245: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14217: 14216: 14209: 14202: 14190: 14189: 14188: 14181: 14174: 14161: 14159: 14151: 14150: 14143: 14142: 14135: 14128: 14120: 14111: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14092: 14090: 14086: 14085: 14083: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14070:Yle Sámi Radio 14067: 14062: 14056: 14054: 14050: 14049: 14047: 14046: 14041: 14034: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14019: 14016: 14015: 14013: 14012: 14004: 14002: 13996: 13995: 13993: 13992: 13985: 13977: 13975: 13969: 13968: 13966: 13965: 13957: 13955: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13945: 13938: 13931: 13924: 13917: 13910: 13902: 13900: 13891: 13885: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13870: 13862: 13860: 13854: 13853: 13851: 13850: 13842: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13823: 13815: 13813: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13803: 13796: 13789: 13782: 13775: 13768: 13761: 13753: 13751: 13742: 13733: 13727: 13726: 13723: 13722: 13720: 13719: 13714: 13708: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13698: 13697: 13695: 13694: 13689: 13683: 13681: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13657: 13655: 13648: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13625: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13615: 13610: 13604: 13598: 13593: 13586: 13584: 13577: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13519: 13517: 13513: 13512: 13504: 13503: 13496: 13489: 13481: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13468: 13455: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13423: 13421: 13415: 13414: 13412: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13395: 13393: 13387: 13386: 13384: 13383: 13378: 13372: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13360: 13359: 13358: 13348: 13347: 13346: 13335: 13333: 13327: 13326: 13324: 13323: 13315: 13307: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13279: 13274: 13271: 13262: 13260: 13254: 13253: 13251: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13204: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13186:Volkhov Chudes 13174: 13173: 13172: 13159: 13154: 13147: 13146: 13145: 13143:Tver Karelians 13135: 13130: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13096: 13086: 13077: 13075: 13069: 13068: 13060: 13059: 13052: 13045: 13037: 13031: 13030: 13018: 13009: 13004: 12993: 12979: 12978:External links 12976: 12975: 12974: 12956: 12942: 12928: 12914: 12900: 12881: 12878: 12877: 12876: 12864: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12836: 12812: 12755: 12706: 12700: 12683: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12650: 12624: 12605:(in Finnish). 12593: 12567: 12540: 12510: 12479: 12449: 12423: 12393: 12362: 12336: 12306: 12286: 12264: 12253:on 29 May 2009 12238: 12212: 12186: 12165:(3): 227–236. 12145: 12119: 12093: 12081: 12055: 12021: 11992: 11966: 11939:(4): 483–490. 11923: 11906:NRK Sámi Radio 11893: 11857: 11817: 11802: 11787: 11772: 11739: 11717: 11698: 11678: 11667: 11655: 11651:Malmström 2009 11643: 11634:Ennen, muinoin 11624: 11601:10.1086/383203 11595:(4): 661–682. 11575: 11539: 11522: 11490: 11460: 11423: 11408:(in Swedish). 11393: 11378:(in Swedish). 11363: 11332: 11302: 11271: 11236:(4): 493–514. 11220: 11190: 11159: 11126: 11110: 11101:|journal= 11078: 11069:|journal= 11038: 11006: 10983: 10951: 10920: 10890: 10860: 10830: 10813:Kansan Uutiset 10800: 10767: 10734: 10704: 10693:on 5 June 2009 10681:"Saamelaisuus" 10672: 10655: 10634: 10621: 10608: 10589:. New Series. 10570: 10540: 10514: 10479: 10462:Sveriges Radio 10449: 10434:(in Swedish). 10418: 10393: 10367: 10337: 10330: 10300: 10265: 10239: 10225: 10205: 10179: 10149: 10123: 10105: 10073: 10062:(3): 199–221. 10046: 10027: 10007: 10000: 9982: 9950: 9914: 9877: 9870: 9848: 9818: 9799: 9779: 9749: 9734:(in Finnish). 9719: 9678: 9663: 9637: 9607: 9571: 9545: 9519: 9493: 9460: 9428: 9417:on 7 June 2003 9393: 9369: 9350: 9335: 9317: 9302: 9299:on 1 May 2011. 9279: 9264: 9239: 9183: 9149: 9118: 9086: 9079: 9062: 9043:(in Swedish). 9032: 9014:United Nations 9000: 8963: 8926: 8889: 8882: 8864: 8857: 8839: 8814: 8789: 8782: 8761: 8730: 8700: 8689:(105): 61–79. 8673: 8647: 8620: 8598: 8569: 8537: 8530: 8512: 8486: 8471:(in Russian). 8452: 8415: 8385: 8376:|journal= 8348: 8339:|journal= 8312: 8279: 8247: 8228: 8196: 8166: 8135: 8104: 8069: 8039: 8008: 8005:on 1 May 2011. 7986: 7959: 7926: 7890: 7881:|journal= 7858: 7840: 7822: 7804: 7800:Urbańczyk 1992 7792: 7788:Urbańczyk 1992 7780: 7741: 7739:, p. 245. 7737:Urbańczyk 1992 7729: 7727:, p. 256. 7725:Urbańczyk 1992 7717: 7715:, p. 250. 7713:Urbańczyk 1992 7705: 7701:Urbańczyk 1992 7693: 7674: 7654: 7613: 7611:, p. 255. 7609:Urbańczyk 1992 7601: 7574: 7568: 7549: 7542: 7511: 7489: 7482: 7464: 7449: 7442: 7417: 7395: 7336: 7266: 7251:(in Finnish). 7235: 7228:(in Finnish). 7226:Muinaistutkija 7212: 7205: 7180: 7147: 7108: 7089: 7069: 7060:|journal= 7013: 6981: 6946: 6919: 6887: 6851: 6832: 6817:. March 2021. 6800: 6793: 6771: 6740: 6725: 6706: 6679: 6667: 6664:. p. 542. 6648: 6637:on 8 July 2004 6608: 6571: 6531: 6508:[The word 6496: 6462: 6430: 6397: 6372: 6348: 6333:(in Swedish). 6312: 6288: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6237: 6228: 6219: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6193: 6178: 6170: 6162: 6157:, is based on 6132: 6124: 6112: 6104: 6098: 6079: 6071: 6063: 6055: 6045: 6037: 6025: 6017: 6005: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5885: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5843: 5840:Lars Rønningen 5837: 5831: 5817: 5807: 5804:John Halvorsen 5801: 5795: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5729: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5689: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5664:Helga Pedersen 5661: 5655: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5558: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5519:Niko Valkeapää 5516: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5476: 5470: 5467:Jaco Pastorius 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5437:Agnete Johnsen 5434: 5428: 5422: 5412: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5380: 5370:Agnete Johnsen 5362: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5313: 5299: 5296:Ella Holm Bull 5280: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5269: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5225:Louise Bäckman 5222: 5191: 5188: 5183:Main article: 5180: 5177: 5143: 5140: 5090:Main article: 5087: 5084: 5073:Sámi in Alaska 4988: 4985: 4921:Kola Peninsula 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4894: 4891:mearasapmelash 4887: 4878: 4875: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4852: 4849: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4554: 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3315:Main article: 3312: 3309: 3262:Four Winds hat 3254:Main article: 3251: 3248: 3193:Main article: 3190: 3189:Duodji (craft) 3187: 3154: 3151: 3089: 3086: 3059:Roman Catholic 3032:Main article: 3029: 3026: 3002:Theory of Gods 2904: 2901: 2868:Sámi shamanism 2866:Main article: 2863: 2860: 2856:Sámi languages 2806:Main article: 2803: 2800: 2784:Main article: 2781: 2778: 2739:Main article: 2736: 2733: 2724: 2721: 2716: 2713: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2632:European Union 2614: 2611: 2602: 2599: 2590: 2587: 2544:Aili Keskitalo 2529:Main article: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2497: 2494: 2481:Krasnoshchelye 2456:Kola Peninsula 2374: 2371: 2302: 2299: 2265: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2246: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2208: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2048: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2006: 2003: 1985: 1982: 1950: 1947: 1904: 1901: 1887: 1884: 1840:scorched earth 1781: 1780: 1739: 1737: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1680: 1677: 1614: 1611: 1583:bubonic plague 1560:bubonic plague 1547: 1546:Bubonic plague 1544: 1534: 1531: 1490:Yngvar Nielsen 1467: 1464: 1433: 1430: 1396:Kola Peninsula 1305:Main article: 1302: 1299: 1027:Acta Lapponica 991:Norse language 989:came into the 940: 935: 771:Main article: 768: 763: 720:, itself from 711:Proto-Germanic 540: 537: 518: 515: 492:Sámi languages 466:Kola Peninsula 390: 389: 370:Sámi Shamanism 366: 365: 361: 360: 296:Sámi languages 291: 290: 286: 285: 282: 268: 267: 262: 248: 247: 244: 230: 229: 226: 212: 211: 208: 194: 193: 190: 176: 175: 171: 170: 166: 165: 161: 160: 156: 155: 142: 134: 133: 128: 120: 119: 63: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15898: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15871:Modern nomads 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15762: 15760: 15756: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15739:Pontic Greeks 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15697: 15693: 15692: 15691: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15681: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15627: 15623: 15622: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15583: 15579: 15578: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15549: 15545: 15544: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15532:Mountain Jews 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15500: 15496: 15495: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15481: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15462: 15458: 15455: 15454:North Koreans 15451: 15450: 15449: 15446: 15441: 15437: 15436: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15392: 15388: 15387: 15386: 15383: 15378: 15377:Volga Germans 15374: 15371: 15367: 15366: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15359:Georgian Jews 15357: 15352: 15348: 15345: 15341: 15338: 15334: 15331: 15327: 15324: 15320: 15319: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15300: 15296: 15293: 15289: 15286: 15285:Ingrian Finns 15282: 15281: 15280: 15277: 15272: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15240:Bukharan Jews 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15173: 15171: 15167: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15144: 15140: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15106: 15102: 15099: 15095: 15094: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15068: 15063: 15059: 15056: 15052: 15051: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14951: 14949: 14947: 14943: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14924: 14920: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14909:Kalmak Tatars 14906: 14903: 14902:Eushta Tatars 14899: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14888:Baraba Tatars 14885: 14884: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14870: 14866: 14865: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14850: 14848: 14846: 14842: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14788: 14784: 14783: 14782: 14779: 14778: 14776: 14774: 14770: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14740: 14738: 14736: 14732: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14698: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14674: 14670: 14667: 14663: 14662: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14597: 14595: 14593: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14578: 14572: 14569: 14564: 14560: 14557: 14556:Mishar Tatars 14553: 14550: 14546: 14543: 14539: 14538: 14535: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14517: 14513: 14512: 14511: 14508: 14503: 14499: 14494: 14490: 14487: 14483: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14469: 14468: 14467: 14464: 14459: 14455: 14452: 14448: 14447: 14446: 14443: 14438: 14434: 14433: 14432: 14429: 14424: 14420: 14417: 14413: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14403: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14388:Mountain Mari 14385: 14380: 14375: 14371: 14370: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14351: 14347: 14346: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14330: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14319: 14318: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14274: 14270: 14267: 14263: 14262: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14243: 14239: 14238: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14214: 14210: 14207: 14203: 14200: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14191: 14186: 14182: 14179: 14175: 14172: 14168: 14167: 14166: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14158: 14157:nationalities 14152: 14148: 14141: 14136: 14134: 14129: 14127: 14122: 14121: 14118: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14087: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14051: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14039: 14035: 14033: 14032: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14011: 14010: 14006: 14005: 14003: 14001: 13997: 13991: 13990: 13986: 13984: 13983: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13970: 13964: 13963: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13950: 13944: 13943: 13939: 13937: 13936: 13932: 13930: 13929: 13925: 13923: 13922: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13911: 13909: 13908: 13904: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13898:Northern Sámi 13895: 13892: 13890: 13886: 13876: 13875: 13871: 13869: 13868: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13859: 13855: 13849: 13848: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13835: 13829: 13828: 13824: 13822: 13821: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13812: 13811:Southern Sámi 13808: 13802: 13801: 13797: 13795: 13794: 13790: 13788: 13787: 13783: 13781: 13780: 13776: 13774: 13773: 13769: 13767: 13766: 13762: 13760: 13759: 13755: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13749:Northern Sámi 13746: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13728: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13703: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13687:Southern Sámi 13685: 13684: 13682: 13678: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13666:Northern Sámi 13664: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13649: 13645: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13620: 13614: 13611: 13608: 13605: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13591: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13581: 13578: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13565: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13502: 13497: 13495: 13490: 13488: 13483: 13482: 13479: 13464: 13459: 13456: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13424: 13422: 13420: 13416: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13388: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13373: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13357: 13354: 13353: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13321: 13320: 13316: 13313: 13312: 13308: 13305: 13304: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13272: 13269: 13268: 13267: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13259: 13255: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13238:Southern Sámi 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13223:Northern Sámi 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13201: 13197: 13188: 13187: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13179: 13175: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13164: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13116:Ingrian Finns 13114: 13112: 13109: 13108: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13091: 13090: 13087: 13084: 13083: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13070: 13066: 13058: 13053: 13051: 13046: 13044: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13007:Saami Council 13005: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12991: 12986: 12982: 12981: 12972: 12968: 12964: 12960: 12957: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12943: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12929: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12915: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12901: 12898: 12894: 12890: 12889: 12884: 12883: 12873: 12869: 12868:Paine, Robert 12865: 12863: 12858: 12854: 12853:Paine, Robert 12850: 12849: 12839: 12833: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12734: 12730: 12727:: 1758–1762. 12726: 12722: 12718: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12703: 12697: 12693: 12692: 12686: 12685: 12665: 12661: 12654: 12639: 12635: 12628: 12612: 12608: 12604: 12597: 12582: 12578: 12571: 12555: 12551: 12544: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12514: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12483: 12467: 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11499:"About Báiki" 11494: 11478: 11474: 11470: 11464: 11445: 11441: 11433: 11427: 11411: 11407: 11403: 11397: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11367: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11336: 11320: 11316: 11315:sametinget.no 11312: 11306: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11275: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11231: 11224: 11208: 11204: 11200: 11194: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11163: 11144: 11137: 11130: 11123: 11117: 11115: 11106: 11093: 11082: 11074: 11061: 11053: 11049: 11042: 11026: 11022: 11015: 11013: 11011: 11002: 10998: 10994: 10987: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10924: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10894: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10864: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10834: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10788: 10784: 10783: 10778: 10771: 10755: 10751: 10750: 10745: 10738: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10692: 10688: 10687: 10682: 10676: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10631: 10625: 10618: 10612: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10574: 10558: 10554: 10550: 10544: 10529:on 7 May 2013 10528: 10524: 10518: 10510: 10506: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10483: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10437: 10433: 10432:Kompani Nomad 10429: 10422: 10411: 10404: 10397: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10374: 10372: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10341: 10333: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10304: 10288: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10269: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10228: 10222: 10218: 10217: 10209: 10193: 10189: 10183: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10137: 10133: 10127: 10120: 10119: 10114: 10113:L. Laestadius 10109: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10050: 10034: 10030: 10024: 10020: 10019: 10011: 10003: 9997: 9993: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9954: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9921: 9919: 9899: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9873: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9852: 9836: 9832: 9828: 9822: 9806: 9802: 9796: 9792: 9791: 9783: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9753: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9723: 9715: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9689: 9682: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9611: 9592: 9588: 9581: 9575: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9533: 9530:. Finlex.fi. 9529: 9523: 9507: 9504:. p. 1. 9503: 9497: 9478: 9471: 9464: 9445: 9438: 9432: 9413: 9406: 9405: 9397: 9390: 9384: 9380: 9373: 9365: 9361: 9354: 9346: 9339: 9331: 9324: 9322: 9313: 9306: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9283: 9275: 9268: 9260: 9256: 9255: 9250: 9243: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9171: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9153: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9106: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9090: 9082: 9076: 9069: 9067: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9020: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9004: 8985: 8981: 8974: 8967: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8911: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8885: 8879: 8875: 8868: 8860: 8854: 8850: 8843: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8803: 8799: 8793: 8785: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8734: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8677: 8661: 8657: 8651: 8635: 8631: 8624: 8605: 8601: 8599:82-8144-012-0 8595: 8591: 8587: 8580: 8573: 8557: 8553: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8533: 8527: 8523: 8516: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8433:(2): 231–52. 8432: 8428: 8427: 8419: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8394:"About EALÁT" 8389: 8381: 8368: 8360: 8352: 8344: 8331: 8323: 8316: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8251: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8200: 8184: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8115: 8108: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8073: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8012: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7991: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7963: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7897: 7895: 7886: 7873: 7862: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7784: 7765: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7746: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7721: 7714: 7709: 7702: 7697: 7681: 7677: 7675:91-22-00431-9 7671: 7667: 7666: 7658: 7650: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7617: 7610: 7605: 7589: 7586:. Lavvu.com. 7585: 7578: 7572: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7493: 7485: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7460: 7453: 7445: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7273: 7271: 7254: 7250: 7249:KALMISTOPIIRI 7246: 7239: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7208: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7185: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7137: 7121: 7120: 7112: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7073: 7065: 7052: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7001: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6985: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6954:Simms, Doug. 6950: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6923: 6907: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6891: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6856: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6820: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6796: 6790: 6787:. p. 8. 6786: 6782: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6736: 6729: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6683: 6677:, p. 36. 6676: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6575: 6556: 6552: 6551:www.galdu.org 6545: 6538: 6536: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6500: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6469: 6467: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6434: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6401: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6317: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6257: 6241: 6232: 6223: 6214: 6210: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6101:Suddenly Sami 6099: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5989: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5894: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5848:(1951–2022), 5847: 5846:Börje Salming 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5834:Jon Rønningen 5832: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5815: 5814:Jens Byggmark 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5792:Jens Byggmark 5790: 5789: 5785: 5784:Börje Salming 5781: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5745:Joni Mitchell 5743: 5738: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5727:New York City 5724: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5633:Tommy Wirkola 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5489:Roger Pontare 5487: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5455:Joni Mitchell 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5307: 5304:(1795–1876), 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5200:Northern Sámi 5197: 5194: 5193: 5186: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5153: 5148: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4993: 4984: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4872: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4835: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4813:Northern Sámi 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4801:Southern Sámi 4800: 4799: 4795: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4507:Southern Sámi 4505: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4379:Northern Sámi 4377: 4376: 4366: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4192: 4180: 4179:Árviesjávrrie 4177: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4155:Saemien Sijte 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4117:Southern Sámi 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4089:(Lakselv) in 4088: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4037: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3995:Guovdageaidnu 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760:Laponian area 3757: 3750: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3681: 3677: 3676:strategy game 3673: 3672: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3654:running-fight 3651: 3650: 3645: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3547:Laestadianism 3544: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3521: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3222: 3217: 3209: 3201: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3135:Southern Sámi 3132: 3131:Northern Sámi 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3098:Laestadianism 3095: 3085: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3051:Sámi religion 3045: 3040: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3022:North America 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2640:Liechtenstein 2637: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:Northern Sámi 2560: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2531:Sámi politics 2522: 2513: 2511: 2510:Carsten Smith 2507: 2503: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2379: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2307: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2117: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2074: 2073:Swedification 2069: 2067: 2064:commissioned 2063: 2058: 2053: 2044: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1946: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1898:Vindelfjällen 1896: 1892: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869:") and flag ( 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1807:Laestadianism 1804: 1799: 1796: 1787: 1777: 1774: 1766: 1756: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1740:This section 1738: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1679:Mountain Sámi 1676: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1552: 1539: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1477: 1472: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1341:longest river 1338: 1334: 1330: 1321: 1313: 1308: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1273: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1200:South Karelia 1196: 1189: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1157: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1020: 1013: 1006: 999: 998: 997:Gesta Danorum 992: 988: 983: 977: 971: 965: 961: 957: 949: 945: 939: 934: 931: 926: 922: 918: 913: 907: 901: 900: 893: 892: 886: 882: 878: 873: 871: 867: 862: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 835: 830: 826: 822: 817: 816: 803: 802: 795: 790: 786: 781: 774: 767: 762: 759: 754: 750: 745: 742: 735: 728: 723: 718: 712: 708: 706: 700: 698: 690: 680: 674: 667: 661: 651: 645: 642:; the second 641: 636: 630: 624: 619: 613: 609: 604: 595: 591: 587: 582: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 553: 547: 534: 529: 524: 514: 512: 508: 507:sheep herding 504: 499: 497: 493: 488: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 464:, and of the 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 430: 421: 397: 387: 383: 382:Laestadianism 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 297: 292: 287: 283: 281: 269: 263: 261: 260:United States 249: 245: 243: 231: 227: 225: 213: 210:14,600–36,000 209: 207: 195: 192:37,890–60,000 191: 189: 177: 172: 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Retrieved 6270: 6260: 6240: 6231: 6222: 6213: 6195: 6180: 6172: 6164: 6152:choral group 6140: 6134: 6126: 6114: 6108:Midnight Sun 6106: 6100: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6019: 6013: 6007: 5997: 5991: 5967:Sámi cuisine 5947:Fourth World 5941:Sámi culture 5932: 5806:, athletics. 5627:Onni Tommila 5574: 5570: 5564: 5431:Sofia Jannok 5258:Samuel Balto 5239:Israel Ruong 5202: 5161: 5157: 5129: 5103: 5077: 5065: 5041:Saskatchewan 5009:North Dakota 5001: 4995:Reindeer in 4978: 4974: 4970: 4926: 4890: 4880: 4868: 4854: 4846: 4840: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4316: 4296: 4284: 4277: 4244: 4232: 4225: 4221:Sámi culture 4205: 4186:Demographics 4141:in the town. 4098: 4078: 4025:(Enontekiö). 4010: 3965:Divtasvuodna 3908: 3850: 3831: 3772: 3732: 3728: 3716: 3713:Fennoscandia 3710: 3684: 3669: 3647: 3641: 3633: 3617: 3608: 3602: 3600: 3589:Building in 3551: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3427: 3395: 3384: 3361: 3329: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3225: 3183: 3180: 3176:neo-paganism 3162: 3156: 3139: 3112: 3079: 3072: 3055:Christianity 3050: 3048: 3043: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2977: 2969: 2925:supernatural 2913:Sámi deities 2906: 2886: 2839: 2811: 2789: 2767: 2752: 2726: 2718: 2709: 2702: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2683: 2681: 2673: 2655:minorities. 2653: 2643: 2634:and Norway, 2622: 2618: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2574: 2566: 2558: 2556: 2519: 2516:Organization 2499: 2490: 2486: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2442: 2420:Russian Duma 2417: 2413: 2401: 2367: 2352: 2341: 2315: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2151: 2147: 2124: 2095: 2082: 2070: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2032: 2020: 2016: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1984:Water rights 1978: 1969: 1966: 1939: 1932: 1917: 1906: 1889: 1875:Finnmark Act 1856: 1852:World War II 1847: 1837: 1831: 1815: 1811: 1800: 1792: 1769: 1760: 1749:Please help 1744:verification 1741: 1682: 1668: 1644: 1599: 1580: 1557: 1487: 1451: 1443:Fennoscandia 1435: 1416:of the late 1408: 1373: 1327:The western 1326: 1307:Sámi history 1260: 1255: 1251: 1232:Södermanland 1195:Lappeenranta 1175: 1173: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1012:(Skrid-)Finn 986: 967:, Icelandic 955: 953: 937: 916: 884: 880: 876: 874: 869: 847: 828: 788: 776: 765: 752: 746: 722:Proto-Baltic 702: 693: 643: 623:Proto-Finnic 607: 605: 575:Proto-Baltic 570: 542: 503:fur trapping 500: 477: 473: 437: 433: 395: 393: 380:, including 374:Christianity 294: 104: 95: 82: 73: 64: 54:Ethnic group 51: 39:George Samis 15861:Scandinavia 15709:Armeno-Tats 15626:Ural Swedes 15512:Macedonians 15507:Lithuanians 15344:Mingrelians 15220:Belarusians 15202:Cherkesogai 15065: [ 14895:Chat Tatars 14391: [ 14377: [ 14044:Yle Ođđasat 13712:Borgarmålet 13629:Kildin Sámi 13601:Kainuu Sámi 13590:Akkala Sámi 13461: [ 13270:Meadow Mari 13258:Volga Finns 13213:Kildin Sámi 12990:Sami people 11985:15 November 11568:11 December 11515:22 February 9975:23 December 9896:: 115–124. 9811:22 November 9762:Yle Uutiset 8832:29 December 8807:29 December 8770:Anna Lawson 8754:3 September 8505:31 December 7979:2 September 7461:. Atlantic. 7291:(1): 5018. 7162:Aftenposten 7126:28 November 6479:Aftenposten 6423:11 February 6052:Saamelainen 5891: [ 5874: [ 5842:, wrestler. 5810:Anja Pärson 5773:Anja Pärson 5735: [ 5715:Simen Johan 5709:Visual arts 5555:Mikkel Gaup 5495:Wimme Saari 5473:John Persen 5342:Olaus Sirma 5272:Lars Monsen 5154:-Saint Paul 4897:Forest Sámi 4873:in Norway. 4822:Kildin Sámi 4754:Akkala Sámi 4637:Kildin Sámi 4349:Population 4331:saamelainen 4053:Jåhkåmåhkke 4031:(Gällivare) 3979:Riddu Riđđu 3953:Árjepluovve 3929: [ 3902:, Russia's 3900:Ponoy River 3516:Visual arts 3484: [ 3481:Ijahis Idja 3477:Riddu Riđđu 3423:Riddu Riđđu 3232:Sámi knives 3229:scrimshawed 3203:Sámi knives 3146:shamanistic 2961:petroglyphs 2941:Sámi shaman 2759:Astrid Båhl 1974:land rights 1958:Suorvajaure 1949:Land rights 1935:Barents Sea 1859:controversy 1763:August 2011 1652:Black Death 1483: 1900 1424:were named 1418:Paleolithic 1410:Petroglyphs 1380:Lake Ladoga 1294:saamelainen 1288:Lappalainen 976:lappalainen 960:Old Swedish 930:suomalaiset 843:Norse sagas 825:Greek works 749:parliaments 517:Etymologies 378:Lutheranism 152: 1910 115:Kildin Sámi 18:Sami people 15820:Categories 15669:Vietnamese 15654:Ukrainians 15582:Ruska Roma 15556:Pakistanis 15542:Norwegians 15499:Latgalians 15409:Hungarians 15370:Mennonites 15235:Bulgarians 15118:Tabasarans 14635:Kamchadals 14581:Indigenous 14350:Izhma Komi 14296:Kabardians 14065:Sameradion 14038:Unna Junná 14023:Television 14009:Samefolket 13847:Sääʹmođđâz 13838:Skolt Sámi 13827:Snåsningen 13779:Muitalægje 13740:Newspapers 13717:Russenorsk 13622:Peninsular 13613:Skolt Sámi 13596:Inari Sámi 13391:Hungarians 13368:Ob-Ugrians 13344:Izhma Komi 13233:Skolt Sámi 13208:Inari Sámi 12880:Sámi books 12826:. Warsaw: 12725:Cell Press 12669:9 December 12643:9 December 12617:20 October 12586:24 October 12560:25 October 12442:25 October 12345:"The Sami" 12257:6 February 12231:25 October 12138:6 February 12074:6 February 11916:6 February 11812:Human Zoos 11765:3 November 11406:Sametinget 11376:Sametinget 11183:20 October 11054:: 697–726. 10997:Norway.org 10853:11 October 10293:18 January 10258:2 February 10090:. TexasU. 10039:20 October 9831:Britannica 9600:31 October 9564:31 October 9111:31 October 9055:2 February 8640:11 October 8562:16 January 8479:1 November 8408:7 February 8221:31 October 8189:1 November 8097:1 November 8062:1 November 7643:4 November 7532:. p. 7259:22 October 7080:Ethnologue 6974:11 January 6880:16 October 6814:OED Online 6718:20 October 6660:. Leiden: 6455:6 November 6252:References 6185:(2024), a 6159:Sámi music 6123:as a Swede 6116:Sami Blood 6067:Herdswoman 6029:The Cuckoo 6009:Pathfinder 5986:Sámi films 5762:See also: 5571:Pathfinder 5536:See also: 5501:Ánde Somby 5443:Inga Juuso 5405:Fred Buljo 5393:Mari Boine 5348:Johan Turi 5306:Protestant 5279:Literature 5245:Ande Somby 5219:Kautokeino 5196:Ante Aikio 5165:human zoos 5033:Washington 5029:California 4819:Inari Sámi 4816:Skolt Sámi 4676:Inari Sámi 4591:Skolt Sámi 4424:Lule Sámi 4273:Inari Sámi 4147:(Utsjoki). 4131:in Sweden. 4109:(Lovozero) 4059:Kárášjohka 3792:in Finland 3749:Härjedalen 3674:is a pure 3664:, Arabian 3657:board game 3549:movement. 3437:a cappella 3413:Sámi music 3381:Johan Turi 3326:Johan Turi 3317:Sámi media 3260:See also: 3088:Laestadius 3067:rune drums 3014:Sami sagas 2965:labyrinths 2953:fly agaric 2923:, and the 2909:polytheism 2848:in 1992. " 2765:, Norway. 2644:paliskunta 2623:paliskunta 2579:Skolt Sámi 2575:Sää'mte'ǧǧ 2571:Inari Sámi 2508:Professor 2363:Inari Sámi 2359:Skolt Sámi 2355:North Sámi 2309:Land near 2101:Government 1943:Greenpeace 1723:Post-1800s 1705:conscripts 1586:from this 1527:Hallingdal 1478:, Norway, 1422:Mesolithic 1420:and early 1392:Bronze Age 1376:Lake Onega 1365:Bronze Age 1357:Lake Ilmen 1335:along the 1210:North Savo 1205:Lapinlahti 1117:Portuguese 1113:Lapończycy 1061:; German, 1047:Laplanders 478:Laplanders 444:-speaking 284:136 (2001) 109:Skolt Sámi 100:Inari Sámi 47:Sam Israel 43:Phil Samis 15881:White Sea 15800:Pumpokols 15795:Meshchera 15615:Spaniards 15590:Romanians 15522:Moldovans 15469:Krymchaks 15404:Hamshenis 15323:Adjarians 15317:Georgians 15265:Estonians 15210:Assyrians 15196:Armenians 15186:Americans 15151:Besermyan 15062:Kubachins 15004:Chamalals 14989:Bagvalals 14858:Kumandins 14787:Hamnigans 14743:Izhorians 14735:Northwest 14705:Nganasans 14697:Khandeyar 14592:Far North 14563:Nağaybäks 14549:Kryashens 14445:Ossetians 14437:Khandeyar 14311:Karelians 14306:Karachays 14206:Telengits 14178:Natukhajs 14060:NRK Sápmi 13953:Lule Sámi 13889:Magazines 13858:Norwegian 13800:Sámi Áigi 13671:Pite Sámi 13661:Lule Sámi 13607:Kemi Sámi 13568:Languages 13533:Languages 13437:Nganasans 13409:Magyarabs 13356:Besermans 13311:Meshchera 13273:Hill Mari 13228:Pite Sámi 13218:Lule Sámi 13151:Livonians 13138:Karelians 13133:Izhorians 13089:Estonians 13082:Bjarmians 12603:"Je'vida" 12554:Yle Sápmi 12181:0277-3945 11961:161737016 11872:14 August 11836:14 August 11346:The Local 11266:145538876 11250:0047-4045 10944:4 January 10913:4 January 10717:Samediggi 10653:, p. 1–5. 10601:2 October 10509:2049-1255 10495:: 77–82. 9841:4 January 9732:Samediggi 9714:229320356 9692:Sociology 9673:242333230 9486:10 August 9391:2 (1982). 8919:10 August 8305:22 August 7633:Gyldendal 7372:0960-9822 7313:2041-1723 7173:3 October 7136:cite book 7101:25 August 7041:25 August 6941:555216596 6809:"Finn, n" 6564:10 August 6489:3 October 6390:31 August 6271:sweden.se 6136:Frozen II 5962:Knud Leem 5798:Ailo Gaup 5741:, artist. 5621:Blackfoot 5561:Nils Gaup 5547:Nils Gaup 5421:musician. 5387:punk rock 5316:Ailo Gaup 5221:, Norway. 5121:Neolithic 5017:Wisconsin 5005:Minnesota 4938:Trøndelag 4810:Lule Sámi 4807:Pite Sámi 4465:Pite Sámi 4355:Language 4307:Hungarian 4173:Isak Saba 4145:Ohcejohka 3924:, SAKK – 3869:Sodankylä 3857:Enontekiö 3834:Gällivare 3828:in Sweden 3816:in Sweden 3798:in Russia 3786:in Sweden 3691:alquerque 3511:, Norway. 3509:Tennevoll 3470:Festivals 3450:Education 3282:Sámi hats 3171:prejudice 3049:The term 2933:pantheism 2836:Isak Saba 2796:Trondheim 2749:Sámi flag 2741:Sámi flag 2735:Sámi Flag 2567:Sämitigge 2559:Sámediggi 2405:kolkhozes 2275:in Sweden 2090:Rovaniemi 2086:Rovaniemi 2021:The 1986 1871:Sámi flag 1657:sjøsamene 1498:Trøndelag 1367:or early 1188:Satakunta 1093:Hungarian 954:The word 906:Finnfjord 850:Old Norse 834:skridfinn 783:, was by 606:The word 563:inflected 350:Norwegian 289:Languages 130:Sámi flag 96:Sämmiliih 91:Pite Sámi 15749:Sireniki 15690:Africans 15639:Turkmens 15610:Slovenes 15566:Persians 15493:Latvians 15424:Japanese 15419:Italians 15225:Bosniaks 15133:Tsakhurs 15105:Karagash 15098:Ak Nogai 15029:Khwarshi 15009:Godoberi 14999:Botlikhs 14974:Akhvakhs 14946:Dagestan 14936:Tofalars 14853:Kamasins 14805:Negidals 14773:Far East 14758:Vepsians 14720:Yukaghir 14660:Alyutors 14630:Itelmens 14605:Chukchis 14472:Cossacks 14466:Russians 14410:Mordvins 14266:Besleney 14260:Cherkess 14236:Chechens 14226:Bashkirs 14213:Tubalars 14199:Chelkans 14193:Altaians 14185:Shapsugs 14171:Bzhedugs 14101:SR Sápmi 13935:Sápmelaš 13772:Min Áigi 13692:Ume Sámi 13634:Ter Sámi 13583:Mainland 13548:Politics 13528:Religion 13447:Kamasins 13419:Samoyeds 13404:Székelys 13331:Permians 13287:Mordvins 13248:Ume Sámi 13243:Ter Sámi 13168:Kreevins 13157:Vepsians 13024:Archived 12888:Germania 12870:(1965). 12855:(1957). 12818:(1992). 12808:29382937 12751:19781941 12664:Deadline 12527:Archived 12503:20 April 12497:Archived 12472:20 April 12466:Archived 12416:20 April 12410:Archived 12386:20 April 12380:Archived 12355:20 April 12349:Archived 12347:. MUBI. 12329:20 April 12323:Archived 12225:Archived 12199:Archived 12106:Archived 12042:Archived 12008:Archived 11979:Archived 11953:23343096 11882:cite web 11846:cite web 11759:Archived 11755:BBC News 11619:15024688 11562:Archived 11509:Archived 11483:20 April 11477:Archived 11453:20 April 11444:Archived 11416:20 April 11410:Archived 11386:20 April 11380:Archived 11356:20 April 11350:Archived 11325:20 April 11319:Archived 11213:25 April 11207:Archived 11177:Archived 11143:Archived 11025:Archived 10970:Archived 10817:Archived 10721:Archived 10595:Archived 10472:17 March 10466:Archived 10436:Archived 10354:Archived 10287:Archived 10252:Archived 10232:30 April 10166:Archived 10098:12 March 10092:Archived 10033:Archived 9969:Archived 9937:Archived 9898:Archived 9835:Archived 9805:Archived 9766:Archived 9736:Archived 9630:23 April 9624:Archived 9591:Archived 9558:Archived 9532:Archived 9506:Archived 9444:Archived 9421:27 March 9170:Archived 9142:14 March 9136:Archived 9049:Archived 8950:Archived 8748:Archived 8744:CBC News 8717:Archived 8634:Archived 8556:Archived 8473:Archived 8469:Stoletie 8447:15939511 8402:Archived 8296:Archived 8215:Archived 8213:. 2007. 8183:Archived 8153:Archived 8122:Archived 8091:Archived 8056:Archived 8032:20 April 7946:Archived 7913:Archived 7764:Archived 7680:Archived 7637:Archived 7588:Archived 7428:(2015). 7390:31080083 7331:30479341 7253:Archived 7095:Archived 7035:Archived 6968:Archived 6906:Archived 6874:Archived 6819:Archived 6712:Archived 6524:30 March 6518:Archived 6449:Archived 6417:Archived 6335:Archived 6275:Archived 6092:reindeer 6048:The Sami 6034:Kukushka 5902:See also 5824:Football 5719:Kirkenes 5557:, actor. 5399:Ane Brun 5045:Manitoba 5025:Illinois 4934:Nordland 4923:, Russia 4917:Lovozero 4825:Ter Sámi 4804:Ume Sámi 4780:extinct 4715:Ter Sámi 4549:Ume Sámi 4311:Germanic 4303:Estonian 4257:Language 4251:Lovozero 4228:identity 4135:Njauddâm 4121:Gaaltije 4107:Луя̄ввьр 4097:and the 4091:Porsáŋgu 4087:Leavdnja 4080:Min Áigi 3947:Aarborte 3873:Helsinki 3842:Arjeplog 3838:Jokkmokk 3808:Nordland 3778:Finnmark 3721:Lappland 3695:draughts 3595:reindeer 3591:Ljungris 3555:Karelian 3535:lihkadus 3402:in 2024. 3371:Beaivvaš 3250:Clothing 3115:Lutheran 2889:Lutheran 2862:Religion 2846:Helsinki 2669:reindeer 2502:Helsinki 2454:massif, 2409:Lovozero 2397:Lovozero 2176:Kvalsund 2062:Storting 1685:reindeer 1572:Nordland 1476:Finnmark 1459:Finnmark 1369:Iron Age 1133:Romanian 1051:Lappland 1031:(1673). 979:"Lapp", 899:Finnsnes 891:Finnmark 861:finþanan 640:Tavastia 552:Sápmelaš 364:Religion 337:Southern 321:Northern 15765:Agrzhan 15744:Qaratay 15734:Korlaks 15674:Yazidis 15664:Uyghurs 15605:Slovaks 15561:Pamiris 15480:Kurmanj 15448:Koreans 15434:Kazakhs 15414:Indians 15364:Germans 15330:Ingiloy 15260:Dungans 15230:Britons 15181:Afghans 15087:Lezgins 15055:Kaitags 15049:Dargins 15024:Karatas 15019:Hunzibs 15014:Hinukhs 14994:Bezhtas 14954:Abazins 14931:Teleuts 14845:Siberia 14763:Votians 14710:Selkups 14655:Koryaks 14620:Dolgans 14615:Chuvans 14610:Chulyms 14583:peoples 14524:Udmurts 14416:Mokshas 14329:Abugach 14322:Koibals 14301:Kalmyks 14255:Chuvash 14250:Chukchi 14231:Buryats 14221:Balkars 14155:Titular 14031:Ođđasat 14000:Swedish 13973:English 13647:Western 13576:Eastern 13523:History 13516:General 13442:Selkups 13399:Csángós 13351:Udmurts 13303:Meryans 13297:Mokshas 12893:Tacitus 12799:5789860 12778:Bibcode 12776:: 442. 12742:4275881 12682:Sources 12638:Variety 12533:25 June 12493:Variety 12376:Variety 12205:22 June 12112:22 June 12014:22 June 11640:. 2002. 11610:1181943 11295:22 June 11258:4168647 11152:25 June 11031:27 June 10976:22 June 10533:22 June 10442:22 June 10360:4 April 10198:9 April 9964:YouTube 9772:28 July 9742:28 July 9620:Reuters 9538:22 June 9512:26 June 9502:"Sápmi" 9453:29 June 8993:22 June 8723:16 June 8666:22 June 8613:22 June 8159:25 July 8128:25 July 7773:29 June 7594:22 June 7381:6544527 7322:6258758 7293:Bibcode 6688:Tacitus 6641:22 June 6325:"Samer" 6281:29 July 6187:Netflix 6174:Jeʹvida 5485:singer. 5377:Adjagas 5229:Tärnaby 5190:Science 5152:Hamburg 5061:Nunavut 4706:Finland 4621:Finland 4418:Finland 4402:30,000 4396:21 700 4383:42 500 4367:Status 4217:kinship 4161:Unjárga 3896:Kanevka 3861:Utsjoki 3729:Lapland 3725:Lapland 3717:Lapland 3678:in the 3347:Finland 3293:nutukas 3274:Nutukas 3167:New Age 3123:pietist 3018:Siberia 2973:Midgard 2921:animism 2911:. (See 2823: 2763:Skibotn 2715:Culture 2636:Iceland 2452:Khibiny 2438:Chukchi 2301:Finland 2295:Laponia 2259:(2007). 2255:The UN 2252:(1992). 2245:(1995). 2234:(1979). 2230:The UN 2227:(1989). 2223:The UN 2220:(1965). 2038:Tourism 2025:caused 1922:Beowulf 1916:(Sámi: 1641:in 1884 1629:in 1884 1606:barrels 1517:and in 1515:Valdres 1400:Estonia 1349:Karelia 1301:History 1246:Småland 1239:Lappabo 1162:лопарі́ 1150:лопари́ 1141:Turkish 1129:Lapones 1125:Spanish 1105:Lapponi 1101:Italian 1088:Lápōnes 1083:Λάπωνες 1036:exonyms 815:Phinnoi 785:Tacitus 612:Finnish 586:cognate 567:cognate 482:endonym 462:Finland 358:Finnish 354:Swedish 346:Russian 280:Ukraine 224:Finland 113:Са̄мь ( 105:Säʹmmla 74:Saemieh 15785:Muroma 15719:Buzava 15659:Uzbeks 15634:Tajiks 15620:Swedes 15595:Rusyns 15488:Kyrgyz 15385:Greeks 15312:Gagauz 15307:French 15255:Czechs 15250:Cubans 15176:Abkhaz 15123:Talysh 15113:Rutuls 15092:Nogais 15077:Kumyks 15034:Tindis 14984:Archis 14959:Aghuls 14877:Soyots 14815:Orochs 14810:Nivkhs 14781:Evenks 14725:Yupiks 14691:Nenets 14686:Naukan 14673:Karaga 14650:Khanty 14640:Kereks 14600:Aleuts 14571:Yakuts 14534:Tatars 14510:Tuvans 14502:Pomors 14451:Digors 14431:Nenets 14423:Erzyas 14339:Khanty 14316:Khakas 14291:Ingush 14273:Ademey 14165:Adyghe 14096:Kierâš 14089:Online 13962:Bårjås 13907:Dieđut 13705:Pidgin 13458:Mators 13452:Yurats 13427:Nenets 13376:Khanty 13319:Muroma 13292:Erzyas 13016:Curlie 12969: 12951: 12937: 12923: 12909: 12834: 12828:Semper 12806: 12796: 12749: 12739: 12723:(20). 12698: 12372:"Wolf" 12179: 12048:19 May 11959: 11951: 11617: 11607: 11264: 11256: 11248: 10899:"Sámi" 10883:10 May 10507: 10328: 10223: 10172:19 May 10142:7 July 10025: 9998: 9907:19 May 9868: 9797: 9712: 9671: 9661: 9176:17 May 9077: 9025:7 June 8956:19 May 8880: 8855: 8780: 8596: 8528: 8445: 8272:17 May 7686:16 May 7672: 7559:Viking 7540: 7480: 7440: 7388: 7378: 7370: 7329: 7319: 7311: 7203: 7087: 7006:5 June 6939: 6912:16 May 6896:"Lapp" 6825:3 July 6791: 6766:685115 6764: 6704: 6200:(2024) 6182:Stolen 6155:Cantus 6145:joiker 6141:Vuelie 6128:Frozen 6014:Ofelaš 5758:Sports 5723:Norway 5566:Ofelaš 5409:KEiiNO 5320:shaman 5019:, the 4997:Alaska 4784:Russia 4745:Russia 4667:Russia 4641:1 000 4630:Norway 4626:Russia 4595:1 000 4584:Norway 4579:Sweden 4553:1 000 4542:Norway 4537:Sweden 4511:1 200 4500:Norway 4495:Sweden 4469:2 000 4458:Norway 4453:Sweden 4440:2 300 4427:8 000 4414:Sweden 4409:Norway 4346:Group 4319:samisk 4305:, and 4299:Uralic 4291:UNESCO 4151:Snåase 4113:Staare 4069:, the 4005:, the 3959:Deatnu 3739:Extent 3671:Tablut 3662:daldøs 3649:Sáhkku 3604:siidat 3396:Stolen 3394:wrote 3343:Sweden 3339:Norway 3305:concho 3272:, and 3270:Luhkka 3266:Beaska 3238:, and 3221:Sweden 3195:Duodji 3163:noaidi 3107:Noaidi 3082:Neiden 3065:, and 2957:Sieidi 2937:Noaidi 2878:noaidi 2729:nation 2690:siidas 2607:siidas 2595:siidas 2436:, and 2434:Evenki 2430:Nenets 2373:Russia 2264:Sweden 2111:Norway 1918:Gállok 1914:Kallak 1795:Arctic 1715:- and 1701:Russia 1697:Sweden 1693:Norway 1689:nomads 1623:Norway 1592:parish 1588:plague 1568:fjords 1564:niches 1502:Femund 1353:Ladoga 1282:lainen 1272:lainen 1236:) and 1202:) and 1168:lopari 1156:lopari 1137:laponi 1121:Lapões 1109:Polish 1097:lappok 1075:Lapons 1071:French 1067:Lappen 970:lappir 964:lapper 912:Finnøy 808:Φίννοι 689:lainen 660:läinen 594:zemlja 590:Slavic 561:being 505:, and 470:Russia 458:Sweden 454:Norway 309:Kildin 301:Akkala 277: 257: 242:Russia 239: 221: 206:Sweden 203: 188:Norway 185: 15790:Merya 15780:Kotts 15770:Asans 15704:Ainus 15644:Turks 15600:Serbs 15571:Poles 15537:Mugat 15474:Kurds 15391:Urums 15351:Svans 15279:Finns 15271:Setos 15191:Arabs 15143:Other 15069:] 14979:Andis 14969:Avars 14863:Shors 14835:Ulchs 14830:Udege 14820:Oroks 14800:Nanai 14795:Evens 14753:Setos 14715:Yughs 14681:Mansi 14666:Apuka 14625:Enets 14458:Irons 14395:] 14381:] 14363:Mansi 14053:Radio 13989:Báiki 13982:Árran 13867:Ságat 13765:Ávvir 13731:Media 13553:Sápmi 13543:Music 13538:Media 13465:] 13432:Enets 13381:Mansi 13178:Chuds 13162:Votes 13121:Kvens 13106:Finns 13099:Võros 13094:Setos 12961:, by 12897:Fenni 12772:(1). 12462:TIEFF 12301:(PDF) 11957:S2CID 11949:JSTOR 11830:(PDF) 11533:Báiki 11504:Báiki 11447:(PDF) 11436:(PDF) 11262:S2CID 11254:JSTOR 11146:(PDF) 11139:(PDF) 10583:(PDF) 10413:(PDF) 10406:(PDF) 9901:(PDF) 9890:(PDF) 9710:S2CID 9669:S2CID 9594:(PDF) 9583:(PDF) 9480:(PDF) 9473:(PDF) 9447:(PDF) 9440:(PDF) 9415:(PDF) 9408:(PDF) 8987:(PDF) 8976:(PDF) 8913:(PDF) 8902:(PDF) 8607:(PDF) 8582:(PDF) 8299:(PDF) 8292:(PDF) 7833:[ 7815:[ 7767:(PDF) 7756:(PDF) 7627:[ 7195:[ 7033:: 3. 6868:[ 6844:[ 6752:[ 6662:Brill 6558:(PDF) 6547:(PDF) 6409:(XLS) 6205:Notes 6166:Klaus 5952:Inari 5895:] 5878:] 5871:Graan 5865:Other 5739:] 5513:Vajas 5389:band. 5361:Music 5266:Balto 5169:lavvu 5057:Yukon 4930:Troms 4327:saame 4209:Sapmi 4100:Ságat 3989:Giron 3969:Árran 3933:] 3865:Inari 3820:Troms 3764:Sápmi 3733:Sápmi 3707:Sápmi 3652:is a 3638:Games 3609:siida 3524:Dance 3492:Inari 3488:] 3407:Music 3363:Ávvir 3256:Gákti 3244:gákti 3240:guksi 3236:drums 3159:Pagan 2949:Fadno 2939:, or 2917:Sápmi 2761:from 2705:fjeld 2697:siida 2685:siida 2677:Sápmi 2619:siida 2384:СААМИ 2311:Ylläs 2194:siida 1962:Piteå 1960:near 1576:Troms 1513:, in 1509:, in 1455:Troms 1426:Komsa 1337:Volga 1225:Lappe 1181:Lappi 1145:Lapon 1079:Greek 1063:Dutch 1059:Lapps 1045:, or 982:Lappi 925:Finns 921:Kvens 885:Finns 881:Lapps 859:* 854:finna 839:Eddas 821:Roman 801:Fenni 794:Fenni 780:Fenni 739:* 732:* 727:sāma- 725:* 717:sōma- 715:* 713:word 705:sōma- 697:sōme- 695:* 679:Suomi 671:* 666:Suomi 648:* 627:* 625:, as 616:* 600:земля 588:with 579:* 577:word 558:Sápmi 546:Sámit 523:Sápmi 487:Sápmi 474:Lapps 450:Sápmi 438:Saami 329:Skolt 305:Inari 246:1,530 228:9,350 145:lavvu 65:Sámit 15775:Chud 15649:Udis 15576:Roma 15429:Jews 15128:Tats 15082:Laks 15039:Tsez 14748:Sámi 14645:Kets 14532:(as 14368:Mari 14344:Komi 13914:Gába 13758:Áššu 13509:Sámi 13507:The 13339:Komi 13266:Mari 13200:Sámi 12967:ISBN 12949:ISBN 12935:ISBN 12921:ISBN 12907:ISBN 12885:The 12832:ISBN 12804:PMID 12747:PMID 12696:ISBN 12671:2023 12645:2023 12619:2023 12588:2023 12562:2023 12535:2017 12505:2022 12474:2022 12444:2012 12418:2022 12388:2022 12357:2022 12331:2022 12259:2023 12233:2012 12207:2013 12177:ISSN 12140:2023 12114:2013 12076:2023 12050:2008 12016:2013 11987:2013 11918:2023 11888:link 11874:2022 11852:link 11838:2022 11767:2010 11615:PMID 11570:2018 11517:2008 11485:2022 11455:2022 11418:2022 11388:2022 11358:2022 11327:2022 11297:2013 11246:ISSN 11215:2022 11185:2019 11154:2014 11105:help 11073:help 11033:2014 10978:2013 10946:2009 10915:2009 10885:2007 10855:2007 10825:2021 10795:2021 10762:2021 10729:2021 10699:2021 10603:2012 10591:1430 10565:2019 10535:2013 10505:ISSN 10493:2015 10474:2021 10444:2013 10362:2019 10326:ISBN 10295:2020 10260:2023 10234:2020 10221:ISBN 10200:2010 10174:2021 10144:2013 10100:2013 10041:2020 10023:ISBN 9996:ISBN 9977:2018 9945:2017 9909:2021 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