Saṃsāra - Knowledge

640: 8930: 46: 2109:: "The origin and doctrine of Karma and Samsara are obscure. These concepts were certainly circulating amongst sramanas, and Jainism and Buddhism developed specific and sophisticated ideas about the process of transmigration. It is very possible that the karmas and reincarnation entered the mainstream brahmanical thought from the sramana or the renouncer traditions. Yet, on the other hand, although there is no clear doctrine of transmigration in the vedic hymns, there is the idea of redeath, that a person having died in this world, might die yet again in the next." 992: 953:. As the soul cycles, states Padmanabh Jaini, Jainism traditions believe that it goes through five types of bodies: earth bodies, water bodies, fire bodies, air bodies and vegetable lives. With all human and non-human activities, such as rainfall, agriculture, eating and even breathing, minuscule living beings are taking birth or dying, their souls are believed to be constantly changing bodies. Perturbing, harming or killing any life form, including any human being, is considered a sin in Jainism, with negative karmic effects. 10236: 8609: 875: 621: 11465: 8620: 10246: 10225: 6018: 6005: 8676: 5995: 10256: 8668: 10303: 1785: 1804: 2130:: "Yajnavalkya’s reluctance to discuss the doctrine of karma in public (...) can perhaps be explained by the assumption that it was, like that of the transmigration of Atman, of non-brahmanical origin. In view of the fact that this doctrine is emblazoned on almost every page of sramana scriptures, it is highly probable that it was derived from them." 2188:: "There was such constant interaction between Vedism and Buddhism in the early period that it is fruitless to attempt to sort out the earlier source of many doctrines, they lived in one another's pockets, like Picasso and Braque (who were, in later years, unable to say which of them had painted certain paintings from their earlier, shared period)." 402:

show a different soteriology based on reincarnation, they show little concern with ancestor rites, and they begin to philosophically interpret the earlier rituals, although the idea is not fully developed yet. It is in the early Upanishads where these ideas are more fully developed, but there too the

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theory and refers to the belief that all living beings cyclically go through births and rebirths. The term is related to phrases such as "the cycle of successive existence", "transmigration", "karmic cycle", "the wheel of life", and "cyclicality of all life, matter, existence". Many scholarly texts

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impacts the future circumstances in this life, as well as the future forms and realms of lives. Good intent and actions lead to good future, bad intent and actions lead to bad future, in the Hindu view of life. The journey of samsara allows the atman the opportunity to perform positive or negative

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to judge and reward people with varying degrees of virtue or vices, in an "either or,” and disproportionate manner. They introduced the idea of an afterlife in heaven or hell in proportion to one's merit, and when this runs out, one returns and is reborn. This idea appears in ancient and medieval

3674:"the first features described as painful in the above DCPS quote are basic biological aspects of being alive, each of which can be traumatic. The dukkha of these is compounded by the rebirth perspective of Buddhism, for this involves repeated re-birth, re-aging, re-sickness, and re-death." 1103:

concept, in Buddhism, envisions that these six realms are interconnected, and everyone cycles life after life, and death is just a state for an afterlife, through these realms, because of a combination of ignorance, desires and purposeful karma, or ethical and unethical actions.

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could have been connected with the Harappan Civilization which is itself enigmatic. It seems that some Upanishad thinkers like Yajnavalkya were acquainted with this kind thinking (...) and tried to incorporate these ideas of Karma, Samsara and Moksa into the traditional Vedic

2548:, p. 64; "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence."; 1052:

in Buddhist thought, states Paul Williams, and "short of attaining enlightenment, in each rebirth one is born and dies, to be reborn elsewhere in accordance with the completely impersonal causal nature of one's own karma; This endless cycle of birth, rebirth, and redeath is

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discusses various paths to liberation. The Upanishads, states Harold Coward, offer a "very optimistic view regarding the perfectibility of human nature", and the goal of human effort in these texts is a continuous journey to self-perfection and self-knowledge so as to end

964:. A male human being is considered closest to the apex with the potential to achieve liberation, particularly through asceticism. Women must gain karmic merit, to be reborn as man, and only then can they achieve spiritual liberation in Jainism, particularly in the 1823: 526:

as a beginningless cyclical process with each birth and death as punctuations in that process, and spiritual liberation as freedom from rebirth and redeath. The saṃsāric rebirth and redeath ideas are discussed in these religions with various terms, such as

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it calls bondage. The various sub-traditions of Hinduism, and of Buddhism, accepted free will, avoided asceticism, accepted renunciation and monastic life, and developed their own ideas on liberation through realization of the true nature of existence.

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challenged this idea of afterlife as simplistic, because people do not live an equally moral or immoral life. Between generally virtuous lives, some are more virtuous; while evil too has degrees, and the texts assert that it would be unfair for god

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In contrast to Buddhist texts which do not expressly or unambiguously condemn injuring or killing plants and minor life forms, Jaina texts do. Jainism considers it a bad karma to injure plants and minor life forms with negative impact on a soul's

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traditions (Buddhism and Jainism) added novel ideas, starting about the 6th century BC. They emphasized human suffering in the larger context, placing rebirth, redeath and truth of pain at the center and the start of religious life. Sramanas view

1172:. Sikhism does not believe that ascetic life, as recommended in Jainism, is the path to liberation. Rather, it cherishes social engagement and householder's life combined with devotion to the One God as Guru, to be the path of liberation from 403:

discussion does not provide specific mechanistic details. The detailed doctrines flower with unique characteristics, starting around the mid 1st millennium BC, in diverse traditions such as in Buddhism, Jainism and various schools of

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sect of Jainism; however, this view has been historically debated within Jainism and different Jaina sects have expressed different views, particularly the Shvetambara sect that believes that women too can achieve liberation from

2537:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2013), Quote: "Anatta in Buddhism, the doctrine that there is in humans no permanent, underlying soul. The concept of anatta, or anatman, is a departure from the Hindu belief in atman (“the self”)."; 1163:

Sikhism, like the three ancient Indian traditions, believes that body is perishable, that there is a cycle of rebirth, and that there is suffering with each cycle of rebirth. These features of Sikhism, along with its belief in

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Rebirth as a human being, states John Bowker, was then presented as a "rare opportunity to break the sequence of rebirth, thus attaining Moksha, release". Each Indian spiritual tradition developed its own assumptions and paths

398:, but the theory is absent. According to Sayers, the earliest layers of the Vedic literature show ancestor worship and rites such as sraddha (offering food to the ancestors). The later Vedic texts such as the Aranyakas and the 1096:), which were included in gods realm in earlier traditions. The "hungry ghost, heavenly, hellish realms" respectively formulate the ritual, literary and moral spheres of many contemporary Buddhist traditions. 722:

A virtuous life, actions consistent with dharma, are believed by Hindus to contribute to a better future, whether in this life or future lives. The aim of spiritual pursuits, whether it be through the path of

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incorporated the cyclical concept of ancient Indian religions and the cyclical concept of time, state Cole and Sambhi. However, states Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, there are important differences between the

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Gerhard Oberhammer (1994), La Délivrance dès cette vie: Jivanmukti, Collège de France, Publications de l'Institut de Civilisation Indienne. Série in-8°, Fasc. 61, Édition–Diffusion de Boccard (Paris),

431:), the chronological development of the idea over its history began with the questions on what is the true nature of human existence and whether people die only once. This led first to the concepts of 3713:"Buddhist doctrine holds that until they realize nirvana, beings are bound to undergo rebirth and redeath due to their having acted out of ignorance and desire, thereby producing the seeds of karma". 905:) is accepted as a truth, as is assumed in the Hindu traditions, but not assumed in the Buddhist traditions. However, saṃsāra or the cycle of rebirths, has a definite beginning and end in Jainism. 356:

The earliest layers of Vedic text incorporate the concept of life, followed by an afterlife in heaven and hell based on cumulative virtues (merit) or vices (demerit). However, the ancient Vedic

247:(संसृ), meaning "to go round, revolve, pass through a succession of states, to go towards or obtain, moving in a circuit". A nominal derivative formed from this root appears in ancient texts as 890:

and karma doctrine are central to its theological foundations, as evidenced by the extensive literature on it in the major sects of Jainism, and their pioneering ideas on karma and

2572: 251:, which means "going around through a succession of states, birth, rebirth of living beings and the world", without obstruction. Another nominal derivative from the same root is 1068:

theory, that evolved over time the mechanistic details on how the wheel of mundane existence works over the endless cycles of rebirth and redeath. In early Buddhist traditions,

763:. The aim of spiritual quest in the Upanishadic traditions is to find the true self within and to know one's Self, a state that it believes leads to blissful state of freedom, 704:

never reincarnates, it does not change and cannot change in the Hindu belief. In contrast, the body and personality, can change, constantly changes, is born and dies. Current

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Bodewitz, Henk (2019). "Chapter 1 – The Hindu Doctrine of Transmigration: Its Origin and Background". In Heilijgers, Dory H.; Houben, Jan E. M.; van Kooij, Karel (eds.).

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David Loy (1982), Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?, International Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp. 65–74;

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concept in many traditions within Hinduism. The difference is that Sikhism firmly believes in the grace of God as the means to salvation, and its precepts encourage the

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in Buddhism, states Jeff Wilson, is the "suffering-laden cycle of life, death, and rebirth, without beginning or end". Also referred to as the wheel of existence (

259:, a circuit of living where one repeats previous states, from one body to another, a worldly life of constant change, that is rebirth, growth, decay and redeath. 901:

The conceptual framework of the saṃsāra doctrine differs between the Jainism traditions and other Indian religions. For instance, in Jaina traditions, soul (

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The word literally means "wandering through, flowing on", states Stephen J. Laumakis, in the sense of "aimless and directionless wandering". The concept of

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exists and asserted it to be the unchanging essence of each living being, while Buddhist traditions denied such a soul exists and developed the concept of

6759: 846:. In reality they are no dualities, meditation and self-knowledge is the path to liberation, the realization that one's Ātman is identical to Brahman is 2895: 7674: 6149: 692:, which is eternal reality, indestructible, and bliss. Everything and all existence is connected, cyclical, and composed of two things: the Self, or 302:. While the idea is mentioned in the Samhita layers of the Vedas, there is lack of clear exposition there, and the idea fully develops in the early 1112:, in Buddhism. However, the Buddhist texts developed a more comprehensive theory of rebirth, states Steven Collins, from fears of redeath, called 7678: 842:

premise, asserting that the individual Atman and Brahman are identical, and only ignorance, impulsiveness and inertia leads to suffering through

7902: 914: 912:. Some evolve to a higher state, while some regress, a movement that is driven by karma. Further, Jaina traditions believe that there exist 6119: 1061:, accepted by all Buddhist traditions, are aimed at ending this saṃsāra-related re-becoming (rebirth) and associated cycles of suffering. 97:

word that means "wandering" as well as "world," wherein the term connotes "cyclic change" or, less formally, "running around in circles."

5591: 4744: 1880: 2569: 6227: 407:. The evidence for who influenced whom in the ancient times, is slim and speculative, and the odds are the historic development of the 5962: 949:, but unlike Hindu and Buddhist theosophies, asserts that each soul passes through 8,400,000 birth-situations, as they circle through 5984: 908:

Souls begin their journey in a primordial state, and exist in a state of consciousness continuum that is constantly evolving through

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has been at the core of the spiritual quest of Indian traditions, as well as their internal disagreements. The liberation from

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Norman E. Thomas (April 1988), Liberation for Life: A Hindu Liberation Philosophy, Missiology, Volume 16, Number 2, pp. 149–60

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state of soul is entered after an intentional and shockingly evil act. Jainism considers souls as pluralistic each in a karma-

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Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press,

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A.M. Boyer (1901), Etude sur l'origine de la doctrine du samsara, Journal Asiatique, Volume 9, Issue 18, pp. 451–53, 459–68

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in Jainism represents the worldly life characterized by continuous rebirths and suffering in various realms of existence.

390:, are obscure but, the idea appears in texts of both India and ancient Greece during the first millennium BC. The idea of 11508: 8489: 8386: 7936: 6031: 4559: 4456: 4355: 3553: 3414: 3243: 3132: 2590: 2545: 2351: 2102: 1603:

Yuvraj Krishan (1988), Is Karma Evolutionary?, Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Volume 6, pp. 24–26

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Beiträge zur Geschichte von Vegetarismus und Rinderverehrung in Indien, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur

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is closely associated with the belief that the person continues to be born and reborn in various realms and forms.

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with the premise that there is no free will, while the Jainism tradition accepted the concept of soul (calling it

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and the grace of God, are similar to some bhakti-oriented sub-traditions within Hinduism such as those found in

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Klaus Klostermaier, Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan., 1985), pp. 61–71

2881: 824:, it is the grace of Vishnu which leads to moksha, and spiritual liberation is achievable only in after-life ( 11367: 10099: 8471: 8169: 7852: 6144: 5977: 5786: 255:, referring to the same concept: a "passage through successive states of mundane existence", transmigration, 1695: 11434: 11149: 10829: 10285: 10148: 8054: 7926: 7897: 7599: 5886: 5485: 2363:

M. von Brück (1986), Imitation or Identification?, Indian Theological Studies, Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 95–105

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in Sikh texts), karma and cyclical nature of time and existence. Founded in the 15th century, its founder

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H Chaudhuri (1954), The Concept of Brahman in Hindu Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, 4(1), pp. 47–66

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Religions of India: A User Friendly and Brief Introduction to Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and the Jains

1092:, heavenly). In latter traditions, this list grew to a list of six realms of rebirth, adding demi-gods ( 11049: 10416: 10190: 9682: 9259: 8715: 8688: 8594: 8074: 7550: 7036: 6159: 5992: 5455: 5350: 4730: 783:

to be. The saṃsāra is viewed as the cycle of rebirth in a temporal world of always changing reality or

102: 61: 7484: 5310: 4699: 2673:

Loy, David (1982). "Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta: Are Nirvana and Moksha the Same?".

341:, the latter referring to the "course of mundane existence, transmigration, flow, circuit or stream". 11144: 10518: 10210: 9136: 8650: 8484: 8297: 8287: 8159: 7142: 6722: 6483: 6458: 5631: 5217: 4787: 3499:

The Words of My Perfect Teacher: A Complete Translation of a Classic Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism

3439:, Studia Philologica Buddhica, The International Institute for Buddhist Studies, Tokyo Japan, pp. 6–7 2003:

The Words of My Perfect Teacher: A Complete Translation of a Classic Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism

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cosmology consisted of five realms through which wheel of existence recycled. This included hells (

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is considered permanent in Buddhism, just like other Indian religions. Karma drives this permanent

323: 37: 10498: 8824: 5315: 865: 575:(universal reality), while in Buddhism it (nirvāṇa, nibbāna) was described through the concept of 453:). Redeath, in the Vedic theosophical speculations, reflected the end of "blissful years spent in 306:. Damien Keown states that the notion of "cyclic birth and death" appears around 800 BC. The word 11362: 10982: 10278: 9840: 9700: 9371: 8911: 8854: 8526: 8506: 7837: 7817: 7574: 7304: 6548: 5531: 5511: 5201: 4893: 461:

developed into a foundational theory of the nature of existence, shared by all Indian religions.

113:, and "cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence". When related to the theory of 17: 9735: 1718:

The Doctrine of Karma: Its Origin and Development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina Traditions

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The Doctrine of Karma: Its Origin and Development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina Traditions

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is typically described as the freedom from rebirth and the only alternative to suffering of

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themselves. It appears in developed form, but without mechanistic details, in the early

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Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism

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Christopher Chapple (1986), Karma and creativity, State University of New York Press,

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texts, as the cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the

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The Perfectibility of Human Nature in Eastern and Western Thought: The Central Story

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Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical and Religious Thought of Asia

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Padmanabh S. Jaini 2001 "Collected Paper on Buddhist Studies" Motilal Banarsidass,

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Govind Chandra Pande, (1994) Life and Thought of Sankaracarya, Motilal Banarsidass

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The "cyclicity of all life, matter, and existence" is a fundamental belief of most

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The way to Nirvana: six lectures on ancient Buddhism as a discipline of salvation

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The way to Nirvana: six lectures on ancient Buddhism as a discipline of salvation

1699: 1522: 1346: 931: 835: 785: 779:, but they differ in details and what they describe the state of liberation from 449: 447:, and that the rest is the always-changing subject (body) in a phenomenal world ( 319: 73: 8829: 7369: 6523: 6513: 5871: 4942: 2782: 2097:

Gavin D. Flood (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press,

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Christopher Chapple (1990), Ecological Nonviolence and the Hindu Tradition, in

805: 790: 256: 33: 10779: 5026: 4957: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1801: 1305: 11482: 11383: 11235: 11220: 10886: 10652: 10200: 10104: 9883: 9657: 9395: 9286: 9197: 9131: 8349: 8198: 7507: 7409: 7267: 7068: 7046: 6982: 6653: 6448: 6443: 6335: 6004: 5305: 5278: 5141: 5128: 5115: 5069: 5014: 1324: 1190: 755: 383: 118: 65: 10769: 6807: 6797: 6169: 4883: 3075: 960:, is at the apex, is omniscient, remains there eternally, and is known as a 76:, the god of death, is at the top of the outer rim. The outer rim shows the 11303: 11293: 10901: 10812: 10807: 10794: 10744: 10711: 10674: 10377: 10367: 9755: 9720: 9617: 9234: 8439: 8424: 8394: 8344: 8334: 8176: 7971: 7464: 7299: 7177: 6965: 6960: 6787: 6658: 6533: 5994: 5851: 5751: 5736: 5470: 5300: 5108: 5041: 4921: 4901: 4782: 3738:

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Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices

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theories evolved in respective Indian traditions. For example, in their

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Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism

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Is The Buddhist ‘No-Self’ Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?

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Religious Understandings of a Good Death in Hospice Palliative Care

3716: 2152: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1253: 1251: 878:

Symbolic depiction of saṃsāra at Shri Mahaveerji temple of Jainism.

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Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition

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Buddhist Thought in India: Three Phases of Buddhist Philosophy

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layers such as in sections 1.164, 4.55, 6.70 and 10.14 of the

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The first truth, suffering (Pali: dukkha; Sanskrit: duhkha),

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Dying, Death and Bereavement in a British Hindu Community

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Paul Williams, Anthony Tribe & Alexander Wynne 2012

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A liberated soul in Jainism is one who has gone beyond

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is characteristic of existence in the realm of rebirth,

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This eternal Self called 10: 11530: 11509:Sanskrit words and phrases 8075:The unanswerable questions 4487:Lochtefeld, James (2002). 4095: 3084:, pp. 340–47, 373–75. 2551:Edward Roer (Translator), 1696:Louis de La Vallée-Poussin 1010: 863: 377: 172:, and the liberation from 31: 11460: 11412: 11376: 11259: 11198: 11162: 11092: 11010: 11003: 10955: 10879: 10843: 10793: 10720: 10635: 10581: 10526: 10517: 10341: 10313: 10221: 10048: 10013: 9839: 9774: 9681: 9608: 9601: 9500: 9403: 9394: 9302: 9188: 9145: 9112: 9030: 9004: 8976: 8967: 8946: 8937: 8926: 8845: 8714: 8705: 8684: 8603: 8555: 8470: 8385: 8160:Buddhist temples in Korea 8083: 7985: 7868: 7565: 7493: 7320: 7193: 7133: 6768: 6723:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 6634: 6626:Three planes of existence 6574: 6419: 6311: 6241: 6233:Buddha in world religions 6095: 6040: 6012: 5494: 5293: 5093: 5062: 4977: 4892: 4823: 4816: 4760: 4648:(First ed.). Delhi: 4308:. Sussex Academic Press. 4287:. Sussex Academic Press. 3846:Frank J. Hoffman (2002). 3575:. Routledge. p. 71. 3036:, pp. 10–12, 132–37. 2563:Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad 1876:The Canadian Encyclopedia 1306:10.1163/9789004400139_002 196:Etymology and terminology 58:eight realms of existence 9293:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 7942:Persecution of Buddhists 7163:Four stages of awakening 6544:Three marks of existence 6130:Physical characteristics 5272:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 4410:A Dictionary of Buddhism 4126:Philosophy East and West 3735:Robert DeCaroli (2004). 3725:, pp. xi–xii, 5–16. 3349:Jainism: An Introduction 2812:. iUniverse. p. 6. 2625:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008 2533:10 December 2015 at the 2253:, pp. 18–19, 24–25. 1857:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008 1826:21 November 2020 at the 1747:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008 1506:Stephen J. Laumakis 2008 658:Liberation/release from 370:and section 6.10 of the 345:Definition and rationale 324:Shvetashvatara Upanishad 164:doctrine is tied to the 52:describing the cycle of 38:Samsara (disambiguation) 11363:Jain terms and concepts 10983:Digambar Jain Mahasabha 9372:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 7305:Ten principal disciples 6188:(aunt, adoptive mother) 5202:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 4569:Williams, Paul (2002). 4554:. Motilal Banarsidass. 4347:Foundations of Buddhism 4344:Gethin, Rupert (1998). 4329:. Bloomsbury Academic. 4109:. Motilal Banarsidass. 3819:Carl B. Becker (1993). 3792:Steven Collins (2010). 3762:Akira Sadakata (1997). 3346:Jeffery D Long (2013). 3094:Jeaneane D. Fowler 2002 3082:Jeaneane D. Fowler 2002 3034:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997 3024:, pp. 129, 130–55. 2944:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997 2850:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997 2615:, Georgetown University 2611:25 October 2020 at the 2575:6 February 2015 at the 2568:Katie Javanaud (2013), 2554:Shankara's Introduction 2498:Pali–English Dictionary 1807:26 October 2020 at the 1761:, pp. 344, 356–57. 1715:Yuvraj Krishan (1997). 1620:Jeaneane D. Fowler 1997 1521:Yuvraj Krishan (1997). 1258:Klaus Klostermaier 2010 543:were emphasized as the 9347:Eighteen Greater Texts 8015:Buddhism and democracy 7528:Tibetan Buddhist canon 7523:Chinese Buddhist canon 6755:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 6750:Early Buddhist schools 4938:Early Buddhist schools 4508:Michael Myers (2013). 4258:Mircea Eliade (1987). 4237:Dalal, Roshen (2010). 4216:Harold Coward (2012). 4195:Harold Coward (2008). 4018:James Thrower (1999). 3691:Kevin Trainor (2004). 3376:Graham Harvey (2016). 2166:Wendy Doniger (1980). 2081:Vallee Pussin (1917). 1946:Kusum P. Merh (1996). 1661:Wendy Doniger (1980). 1377:Rita M. Gross (1993). 1345:Shirley Firth (1997). 1135:(sometimes spelled as 1008: 1007:in Buddhist cosmology. 879: 503: 290:developed in the post- 132:has roots in the post- 81: 36:. For other uses, see 11394:List of Jain ascetics 11199:Dynasties and empires 10988:Vishwa Jain Sangathan 10100:Hindu gurus and sants 9352:Eighteen Lesser Texts 8025:Eight Consciousnesses 6135:Life of Buddha in art 4667:Sethia, Tara (2004). 4407:Damien Keown (2004). 4392:. SAGE Publications. 4045:J. S. Grewal (2006). 3964:H. S. Singha (2000). 3569:Edward Conze (2013). 3055:M. Hiriyanna (1995). 2400:22 April 2016 at the 1788:8 August 2020 at the 994: 877: 488: 372:Devi Bhagavata Purana 148:doctrine is found in 48: 11389:List of Jain temples 10090:Anti-Hindu sentiment 8502:East Asian religions 7932:Buddhism in the West 7503:Early Buddhist texts 7118:Four Right Exertions 6584:Ten spiritual realms 6077:Noble Eightfold Path 5376:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 5213:Sarvadarsanasangraha 4990:Acintya bheda abheda 4493:. Rosen Publishing. 4153:John Bowker (2014). 3536:Jeff Wilson (2010). 3433:Lambert Schmithausen 3403:Paul Dundas (2003). 3232:Paul Dundas (2003). 3163:Tara Sethia (2004). 3121:Paul Dundas (2003). 2983:Jack Sikora (2002). 2862:Mishra, R.C (2013). 1834:तत्प्रयत्नेन शोधयेत् 995:Traditional Tibetan 682:is a journey of the 427:) of living beings ( 415:Punarmrityu: redeath 322:, verse 6.16 of the 316:Principal Upanishads 310:appears, along with 11470:Religion portal 11404:Topics List (index) 10695:Mahamastakabhisheka 10196:Hinduism by country 9362:Iraiyanar Akapporul 9322:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 8625:Religion portal 8372:Temple of the Tooth 8251:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7290:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 6783:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 6566:Two truths doctrine 6386:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6186:Mahapajapati Gotamī 5436:Dayananda Saraswati 5010:Nimbarka Sampradaya 4934:Buddhist philosophy 4717:Saṃsāra and Rebirth 4675:Motilal Banarsidass 4650:Motilal Banarsidass 4447:Dalai Lama (1992). 3482:L. Alsdorf (1962), 3437:Buddhism and Nature 2806:Mukul Goel (2008). 2687:10.5840/ipq19822217 696:, and the body, or 590:tradition combined 215:, is linked to the 68:, according to the 11368:Sexual differences 8547:Western philosophy 8145:Dzong architecture 7967:Vipassana movement 7962:Buddhist modernism 7390:Emperor Wen of Sui 7158:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7091:Threefold Training 6893:Vipassana movement 6609:Hungry Ghost realm 6429:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6376:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6125:Great Renunciation 6120:Eight Great Events 6002: 5047:Pashupata Shaivism 4877:Pashupata Shaivism 3643:, pp. 304–05. 3336:, pp. 222–23. 3324:, pp. 224–25. 3312:, pp. 223–24. 3219:, pp. 227–28. 3150:, pp. 226–28. 3108:, pp. 217–36. 3022:Harold Coward 2008 3010:Harold Coward 2008 2946:, pp. 111–12. 2579:, Philosophy Now; 2456:Michael Myers 2013 2441:Michael Myers 2013 2319:, pp. 139–40. 2263:Harold Coward 2012 2210:Mircea Eliade 1987 1589:Harold Coward 2008 1577:Michael Myers 2013 1567:, pp. 272–73. 1230:, pp. 271–72. 1186:Rebirth (Buddhism) 1076:), hungry ghosts ( 1013:Saṃsāra (Buddhism) 1009: 1003:and six realms of 922:(liberation). The 880: 535:Evolution of ideas 82: 11476: 11475: 11158: 11157: 10937:Hampa Nagarajaiah 10830:Auspicious dreams 10758:Bhaktamara Stotra 10631: 10630: 10268: 10267: 10044: 10043: 9597: 9596: 9390: 9389: 9304:Sangam literature 9260:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 9108: 9107: 8924: 8923: 8633: 8632: 8271:Om mani padme hum 7977:Women in Buddhism 7893:Buddhist councils 7763:Western countries 7551:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7312:Shaolin Monastery 6889:Samatha-vipassanā 6499:Pratītyasamutpāda 6303:Metteyya/Maitreya 6221: 6213: 6205: 6197: 6189: 6181: 6173: 6050:Four Noble Truths 5960: 5959: 5812:Pratītyasamutpāda 4973: 4972: 4754:Indian philosophy 4705:The Wheel of Life 4684:978-81-208-2036-4 4659:978-81-208-1691-6 4634:978-0-415-26605-5 4601:978-1-136-52088-4 4542:978-0-520-03923-0 4521:978-1-136-83565-0 4500:978-0-8239-2287-1 4479:978-1-139-46966-1 4439:978-0-7914-8011-3 4420:978-0-19-157917-2 4399:978-1-4522-6656-5 4378:978-0-520-03923-0 4336:978-0-8264-9966-0 4315:978-1-898723-93-6 4294:978-1-898723-60-8 4273:978-0-02-909480-8 4250:978-0-14-341421-6 4243:. Penguin Books. 4229:978-1-4384-4275-4 4208:978-0-7914-7336-8 4187:978-1-4008-4805-8 4166:978-0-19-870895-7 4116:978-81-208-0183-7 4085:978-0-19-100411-7 4058:978-0-19-567703-4 4031:978-0-87840-751-4 4004:978-0-19-100411-7 3977:978-81-7010-301-1 3950:978-1-4411-5366-1 3923:978-1-349-23049-5 3893:978-1-4411-5366-1 3859:978-81-208-1927-6 3832:978-0-8093-1932-9 3805:978-0-521-88198-2 3775:978-4-333-01682-2 3748:978-0-19-803765-1 3704:978-0-19-517398-7 3666:978-1-119-14466-3 3631:, pp. 30–42. 3619:, pp. 74–75. 3582:978-1-134-54231-4 3509:978-0-7619-9027-7 3478:978-1-4612-4458-5 3457:978-0-7748-0725-8 3389:978-1-134-93690-8 3359:978-0-85773-656-7 3296:978-81-208-1691-6 3176:978-81-208-2036-4 3068:978-81-208-1330-4 2996:978-1-4697-1731-9 2969:978-0-8226-0365-8 2930:978-1-4411-9829-7 2819:978-0-595-50524-1 2775:978-0-520-03923-0 2744:978-0-8006-9970-3 2717:978-0-520-03923-0 2656:978-0-8248-1752-7 2512:978-81-208-1144-7 2458:, pp. 79–80. 2427:978-1-4008-4805-8 2300:978-1-4381-1038-7 2277:, pp. 85–88. 2265:, pp. 29–31. 2241:, pp. 84–85. 2212:, pp. 56–57. 2200:, pp. 34–35. 2179:978-0-520-03923-0 2067:978-1-4522-6616-9 2040:978-0-7864-5675-8 2013:978-0-7619-9027-7 1986:978-0-14-400062-3 1959:978-81-246-0066-5 1936:, pp. 84–86. 1843:GA Jacob (1963), 1771:Damien Keown 2004 1728:978-81-208-1233-8 1678:978-0-520-03923-0 1534:978-81-208-1233-8 1508:, pp. 90–99. 1476:978-81-208-1233-8 1396:978-1-4384-0513-1 1358:978-90-6831-976-7 1316:978-90-04-40013-9 1299:. pp. 3–19. 1059:Four Noble Truths 866:Saṃsāra (Jainism) 509:Four Noble Truths 128:. 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Long 10927:Padmanabh Jaini 10912:Virchand Gandhi 10892:Colette Caillat 10875: 10839: 10789: 10716: 10627: 10577: 10513: 10400:Heavenly beings 10337: 10309: 10299: 10269: 10264: 10231: 10217: 10040: 10009: 10000:Vasant Panchami 9934:Pahela Baishakh 9916:Makar Sankranti 9835: 9770: 9677: 9593: 9496: 9386: 9367:Abhirami Antati 9337:Kamba Ramayanam 9298: 9184: 9141: 9104: 9026: 9000: 8963: 8933: 8920: 8904:Vishishtadvaita 8841: 8701: 8680: 8664: 8634: 8629: 8617: 8599: 8551: 8466: 8381: 8118:Ordination hall 8079: 7981: 7952:Buddhist crisis 7864: 7561: 7513:Mahayana sutras 7489: 7485:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7316: 7189: 7129: 7079:Bodhisattva vow 6764: 6630: 6570: 6529:Taṇhā (Craving) 6464:Five hindrances 6415: 6307: 6237: 6091: 6036: 6008: 5991: 5961: 5956: 5782:Parameshashakti 5490: 5426:Ramana Maharshi 5311:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 5289: 5255:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 5229:Tattvacintāmaṇi 5102:Abhinavabharati 5089: 5058: 5032:Sikh Philosophy 5020:Vishishtadvaita 4969: 4888: 4812: 4756: 4751: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4660: 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11323: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11256: 11254: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11202: 11200: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11145:Southeast Asia 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11094: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11070: 11069: 11059: 11054: 11053: 11052: 11042: 11037: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11016: 11014: 11005: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10979:Organisations 10977: 10972: 10967: 10961: 10959: 10953: 10952: 10950: 10949: 10947:Jinendra Varni 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10917:Hermann Jacobi 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10883: 10881: 10877: 10876: 10874: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10851:Digambara monk 10847: 10845: 10841: 10840: 10838: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10810: 10805: 10799: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10785:Uttaradhyayana 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10753:Namokar Mantra 10747: 10742: 10740:Shatkhandagama 10737: 10735:Pravachanasara 10732: 10726: 10724: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10645: 10639: 10637: 10633: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10617: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10587: 10585: 10579: 10578: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10549: 10548: 10546:Kashtha Sangha 10543: 10541:Balatkara Gana 10532: 10530: 10521: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10455: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10446: 10436: 10426: 10421: 10420: 10419: 10414: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10385:Jain cosmology 10382: 10381: 10380: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10347: 10345: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10319: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10307:Jainism topics 10298: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10275: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10252: 10242: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10134: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10071: 10070: 10065: 10054: 10052: 10046: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10017: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9866: 9864:Raksha Bandhan 9861: 9856: 9851: 9845: 9843: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9806: 9805: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9693: 9687: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9614: 9612: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9591: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9506: 9504: 9498: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9409: 9407: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9308: 9306: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9296: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9205: 9200: 9194: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9151: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9118: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9075:Shvetashvatara 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9050:Brihadaranyaka 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9008: 9006: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8977: 8971: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8950: 8948: 8947:Classification 8941: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8851: 8849: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8786: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8757: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8720: 8718: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8694: 8691: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8663: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8640: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8615: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8482: 8476: 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8457: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8391: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8274: 8273: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8182:Greco-Buddhist 8174: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8133:Burmese pagoda 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8089: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7991: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7915:Greco-Buddhism 7912: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7848:United Kingdom 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7793:Czech Republic 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7753: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7672: 7667: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7571: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7557:Abhidharmadīpa 7554: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7499: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7475:B. R. Ambedkar 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7395:Songtsen Gampo 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7326: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7139: 7137: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7110: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7074:Eight precepts 7071: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6963: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6862: 6852: 6847: 6845:Five Strengths 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6586: 6580: 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6484:Mental factors 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6425: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6336:Mahamoggallāna 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6251:Avalokiteśvara 6247: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6215: 6207: 6199: 6191: 6183: 6175: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6013: 6010: 6009: 5990: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5857:Shabda Brahman 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5807:Pratibimbavada 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5446:Vedanta Desika 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5341:Gautama Buddha 5338: 5336:Uddalaka Aruni 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5223:Tarka-Sangraha 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5166:Mimamsa Sutras 5162: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5138: 5136:Buddhist texts 5133: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4695: 4694:External links 4692: 4690: 4689: 4683: 4664: 4658: 4639: 4633: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4600: 4585: 4579: 4566: 4561:978-8120826090 4560: 4547: 4541: 4526: 4520: 4505: 4499: 4484: 4478: 4463: 4458:978-1459614505 4457: 4444: 4438: 4425: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4383: 4377: 4362: 4357:978-0192892232 4356: 4341: 4335: 4320: 4314: 4299: 4293: 4278: 4272: 4255: 4249: 4234: 4228: 4213: 4207: 4192: 4186: 4171: 4165: 4150: 4132:(1/2): 33–40. 4121: 4115: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4064: 4057: 4037: 4030: 4010: 4003: 3983: 3976: 3956: 3949: 3929: 3922: 3899: 3892: 3865: 3858: 3838: 3831: 3811: 3804: 3781: 3774: 3754: 3747: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3676: 3665: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3607:, p. 119. 3597: 3581: 3561: 3555:978-0195393521 3554: 3515: 3508: 3488: 3461: 3441: 3422: 3416:978-0415266055 3415: 3395: 3388: 3365: 3358: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3295: 3275: 3273:, p. 228. 3263: 3261:, p. 225. 3251: 3245:978-0415266055 3244: 3221: 3209: 3207:, p. 227. 3197: 3195:, p. 226. 3182: 3175: 3152: 3140: 3134:978-0415266055 3133: 3110: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3067: 3047: 3038: 3026: 3014: 3012:, p. 129. 3002: 2995: 2975: 2968: 2948: 2936: 2929: 2909: 2869: 2854: 2842: 2825: 2818: 2798: 2796:, p. 272. 2781: 2774: 2750: 2743: 2723: 2716: 2692: 2662: 2655: 2629: 2617: 2595: 2591:978-8120806191 2546:978-0791422175 2518: 2511: 2487: 2480: 2460: 2445: 2433: 2426: 2406: 2387: 2365: 2356: 2352:978-2868030610 2339: 2330: 2321: 2306: 2299: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2243: 2226: 2214: 2202: 2190: 2178: 2158: 2132: 2111: 2103:978-0521438780 2090: 2073: 2066: 2046: 2039: 2019: 2012: 1992: 1985: 1965: 1958: 1938: 1921: 1914: 1894: 1861: 1849: 1836: 1813: 1794: 1775: 1773:, p. 248. 1763: 1751: 1734: 1727: 1707: 1684: 1677: 1650: 1624: 1605: 1593: 1591:, p. 103. 1581: 1569: 1552: 1540: 1533: 1510: 1493: 1479: 1463: 1450: 1434: 1429:978-9402410365 1428: 1402: 1395: 1364: 1357: 1330: 1315: 1262: 1260:, p. 604. 1247: 1245:, p. 589. 1232: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1181: 1178: 1125: 1122: 988: 985: 861: 858: 806:Dvaita Vedanta 772: 769: 657: 656: 644: 637: 636: 625: 618: 617: 616: 615: 614: 612: 609: 579:(no self) and 536: 533: 512:, Donald Lopez 494: 487: 416: 413: 379: 376: 346: 343: 337:is related to 257:metempsychosis 197: 194: 150:early Buddhism 93:: संसार) is a 78:Twelve Nidānas 62:sentient being 34:Sansara (moth) 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11526: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11504:Reincarnation 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11471: 11466: 11459: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11384:List of Jains 11382: 11381: 11379: 11375: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11328: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11315: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11309:Jain calendar 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11161: 11151: 11150:United States 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11085: 11084:Uttar Pradesh 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11009: 11006: 11002: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10887:Nalini Balbir 10885: 10884: 10882: 10878: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10848: 10846: 10842: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10792: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10719: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10665:Vegetarianism 10663: 10661: 10658: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10634: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10592: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10580: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10516: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10486: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10409: 10408: 10405: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10364: 10361: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10340: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10304: 10296: 10291: 10289: 10284: 10282: 10277: 10276: 10273: 10261: 10253: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10241: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10220: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10202: 10201:Hindu temples 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10151: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10105:Hindu studies 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10075:Denominations 10073: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10047: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10016: 10012: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9884:Vijayadashami 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9773: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9701:Simantonayana 9699: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9607: 9604: 9600: 9590: 9589: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9512: 9511: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9290: 9288: 9287:Yoga Vasistha 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9198:Bhagavad Gita 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9187: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9137:Sthapatyaveda 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9111: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9003: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8936: 8917: 8913: 8910: 8906: 8905: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8698: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8683: 8677: 8673: 8669: 8661: 8656: 8654: 8649: 8647: 8642: 8641: 8638: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8614: 8606: 8605: 8602: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8452: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8387:Miscellaneous 8384: 8378: 8377:Vegetarianism 8375: 8373: 8370: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8199:Buddha in art 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7867: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853:United States 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7410:Padmasambhava 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7322:Major figures 7319: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7268:Western tulku 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7069:Five precepts 7067: 7066: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7047:Dhamma vicaya 7045: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6815:Buddhābhiṣeka 6813: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459:Enlightenment 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6449:Dhamma theory 6447: 6445: 6444:Buddha-nature 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6283:Samantabhadra 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6208: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6192: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787:Parinama-vada 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5411:Padmasambhāva 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5316:Maṇḍana Miśra 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306:Abhinavagupta 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5279:Yoga Vasistha 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:All 108 texts 5170: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5142:Dharmashastra 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5116:Bhagavad Gita 5113: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5070:Integral yoga 5068: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5015:Shuddhadvaita 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4741: 4736: 4734: 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Routledge. 4593: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4573:. Routledge. 4572: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514:. Routledge. 4513: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4412: 4411: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4306: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4266:. Macmillan. 4264: 4263: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4241: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4158: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4041: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4014: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3987: 3979: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3960: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3933: 3925: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3850: 3842: 3834: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3788: 3786: 3777: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3731: 3724: 3719: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3649: 3642: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3617:Williams 2002 3613: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3593:raison d’être 3590: 3584: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3565: 3557: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3492: 3485: 3480:, pp. 168–77; 3479: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3418: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3399: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3372: 3370: 3361: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3255: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3157: 3149: 3144: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3117: 3115: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3070: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3051: 3042: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3018: 3011: 3006: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2979: 2971: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2876: 2874: 2865: 2858: 2852:, p. 11. 2851: 2846: 2839: 2838:0-88706-251-2 2835: 2829: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2802: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2777: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2754: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2719: 2713: 2710:–33, 228–29. 2709: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2491: 2483: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2443:, p. 79. 2442: 2437: 2429: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2410: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2381:, p. 356, at 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2224:, p. 18. 2223: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2198:Buitenen 1957 2194: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2162: 2154: 2151:: (...) They 2150: 2146: 2145:81-208-1104-6 2142: 2136: 2129: 2125: 2124:81-208-1776-1 2121: 2115: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2086: 2085: 2077: 2069: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2050: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2023: 2015: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1969: 1961: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1917: 1915:9780567065124 1911: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1865: 1859:, p. 97. 1858: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1760: 1755: 1749:, p. 90. 1748: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1711: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1680: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1657: 1655: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1622:, p. 10. 1621: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1590: 1585: 1579:, p. 36. 1578: 1573: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1549: 1544: 1536: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1515: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1460: 1454: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1406: 1398: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1191:Rota Fortunae 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1160:(salvation). 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1088:), and gods ( 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 984: 981: 974: 972: 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 916: 911: 906: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 876: 871: 867: 857: 855: 854: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 787: 782: 778: 768: 766: 762: 757: 756:Bhagavad Gita 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 720: 718: 714: 709: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 686: 681: 677: 667: 666: 661: 651: 647: 641: 632: 628: 622: 608: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 583:(emptiness). 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 563:. Salvation ( 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 532: 530: 525: 520: 514: 511: 510: 501: 493: 492: 486: 484: 483: 478: 477: 472: 468: 462: 460: 456: 452: 451: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 412: 410: 406: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384:reincarnation 375: 373: 369: 364: 359: 354: 352: 342: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314:, in several 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 87: 79: 75: 72:of Buddhism. 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 11325: 11304:Samavasarana 11294:Śalākāpuruṣa 10902:John E. Cort 10813:Ashtamangala 10808:Siddhachakra 10745:Kasayapahuda 10712:Pratikramana 10620:Sthānakavāsī 10378:Anekāntavāda 10374:Jaina logic 10368:Kevala Jñāna 10363:Epistemology 10211:Architecture 9814:Brahmacharya 9756:Samavartanam 9721:Annaprashana 9587: 9490: 9291: 9245:Dharmaśāstra 9235:Arthashastra 9070:Maitrayaniya 8902: 8895: 8888: 8810:Brahmacharya 8753: 8565:Bodhisattvas 8485:Christianity 8480:Baháʼí Faith 8345:Dharmachakra 8335:Prayer wheel 8325:Prayer beads 8093:Architecture 7972:969 Movement 7756:Saudi Arabia 7734:Central Asia 7727:South Africa 7549: 7532: 7465:Panchen Lama 7370:Buddhapālita 6966:Satipatthana 6961:Mindful Yoga 6874:Recollection 6788:Brahmavihara 6659:Japanese Zen 6654:Chinese Chan 6614:Animal realm 6421:Key concepts 6243:Bodhisattvas 6055:Three Jewels 5887:Iccha-mrityu 5852:Satkaryavada 5841: 5752:Nididhyasana 5737:Matsya Nyaya 5471:Madhvacharya 5301:Adi Shankara 5294:Philosophers 5277: 5270: 5253: 5234: 5227: 5218:Shiva Sutras 5208:Sangam texts 5200: 5193: 5184:Nyāya Sūtras 5164: 5157: 5140: 5130:Brahma Sutra 5129: 5121: 5114: 5109:Arthashastra 5107: 5100: 5042:Pratyabhijna 4922:Anekantavada 4669: 4644: 4623: 4619:Dundas, Paul 4590: 4570: 4551: 4531: 4510: 4489: 4468: 4448: 4429: 4409: 4388: 4367: 4346: 4325: 4304: 4283: 4261: 4239: 4218: 4197: 4176: 4155: 4129: 4125: 4105: 4074: 4067: 4047: 4040: 4020: 4013: 3993: 3986: 3966: 3959: 3939: 3932: 3912: 3882: 3848: 3841: 3821: 3814: 3794: 3764: 3757: 3737: 3730: 3718: 3710: 3693: 3671: 3655: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3571: 3564: 3537: 3498: 3491: 3483: 3472:, Springer, 3469: 3464: 3444: 3436: 3405: 3398: 3378: 3348: 3341: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3285: 3278: 3266: 3254: 3234: 3212: 3200: 3165: 3143: 3123: 3101: 3089: 3077: 3057: 3050: 3041: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2985: 2978: 2958: 2951: 2939: 2919: 2912: 2900:. Retrieved 2885: 2863: 2857: 2845: 2828: 2808: 2801: 2760: 2753: 2733: 2726: 2702: 2695: 2681:(1): 65–74. 2678: 2674: 2640: 2632: 2620: 2583: 2580: 2566: 2562: 2559:Google Books 2552: 2549: 2538: 2525: 2521: 2502: 2497: 2490: 2470: 2463: 2436: 2416: 2409: 2390: 2385:, pp. 356–57 2383:Google Books 2376: 2373:Paul Deussen 2368: 2359: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2289: 2282: 2270: 2258: 2246: 2217: 2205: 2193: 2185: 2168: 2161: 2148: 2135: 2127: 2114: 2106: 2093: 2083: 2076: 2056: 2049: 2029: 2022: 2002: 1995: 1975: 1968: 1948: 1941: 1904: 1897: 1885:. Retrieved 1874: 1864: 1852: 1839: 1831: 1816: 1797: 1778: 1766: 1754: 1717: 1710: 1700: 1663: 1643: 1584: 1572: 1543: 1523: 1466: 1458: 1457:A.M. Boyer: 1453: 1445: 1437: 1411: 1405: 1380: 1347: 1284: 1196:Resurrection 1173: 1165: 1162: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:), animals ( 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1004: 999:showing the 975: 970: 961: 957: 955: 950: 944: 927: 923: 913: 909: 907: 902: 900: 895: 891: 887: 881: 851: 847: 843: 832:Adi Shankara 825: 821: 802:Madhvacharya 799: 794: 784: 780: 776: 774: 764: 760: 751: 745: 740: 727:(devotion), 721: 705: 701: 693: 689: 683: 679: 673: 663: 659: 649: 630: 603: 595: 591: 585: 560: 556: 548: 544: 538: 528: 523: 516: 507: 504: 495: 490: 489: 480: 474: 470: 466: 463: 458: 454: 448: 436: 432: 420: 418: 408: 391: 381: 355: 350: 348: 338: 334: 332: 307: 287: 285: 280: 276: 272: 268: 260: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 230: 225: 221: 208: 200: 199: 188:, Mukti, or 177: 173: 161: 145: 129: 123: 107:karmic cycle 98: 85: 84: 83: 53: 42: 29: 11246:Rashtrakuta 11163:Jainism and 11062:Maharashtra 11020:Bundelkhand 10907:Paul Dundas 10780:Kalpa Sūtra 10775:Aptamimamsa 10660:Monasticism 10591:Murtipujaka 10573:Kanji Panth 10553:Taran Panth 10536:Mula Sangha 10390:Siddhashila 10323:Tirthankara 10260:WikiProject 10132:Persecution 10120:Nationalism 10110:Iconography 9990:Ratha Yatra 9901:Janmashtami 9896:Rama Navami 9824:Vanaprastha 9775:Varnashrama 9751:Ritushuddhi 9736:Vidyarambha 9726:Chudakarana 9716:Nishkramana 9691:Garbhadhana 9332:Thirukkural 9327:Thiruppugal 9255:Nāradasmṛti 9218:Mahabharata 8996:Atharvaveda 8874:Vaisheshika 8761:Puruṣārthas 8410:Dharma talk 8239:Asalha Puja 8035:Eschatology 7838:Switzerland 7818:New Zealand 7746:Middle East 7655:Philippines 7575:Afghanistan 7380:Bodhidharma 7365:Buddhaghosa 7285:Householder 7195:Monasticism 7148:Bodhisattva 7003:Prostration 6956:Mindfulness 6884:Anapanasati 6867:Kammaṭṭhāna 6664:Korean Seon 6604:Asura realm 6599:Human realm 6539:Ten Fetters 6494:Parinirvana 6396:Uppalavanna 6361:Mahākaccana 6346:Mahākassapa 6278:Kṣitigarbha 6273:Ākāśagarbha 6170:Suddhodāna 6115:Four sights 6042:Foundations 5932:Vivartavada 5822:Rājamaṇḍala 5777:Paramananda 5577:Apauruṣheyā 5572:Anupalabdhi 5431:Vivekananda 5396:Dharmakirti 5356:Buddhaghosa 5346:Yājñavalkya 5153:Jain Agamas 5148:Hindu texts 5027:Navya-Nyāya 4963:Svatantrika 4958:Sautrāntika 4847:Vaisheshika 4580:0-415207010 3605:Gethin 1998 2840:, pp. 60–64 2649:–8, 73–78. 2565:, pp. 2–4; 2557:, p. 2, at 2481:0-415207002 1170:Vaishnavism 1084:), humans ( 987:In Buddhism 827:videhamukti 611:In Hinduism 571:(self) and 541:soteriology 482:Videhamukti 437:Punaravṛtti 425:Punarjanman 388:Punarjanman 368:Mahabharata 111:Punarjanman 66:reincarnate 60:in which a 50:Bhavachakra 11483:Categories 11425:Literature 11314:Samvatsari 11079:Tamil Nadu 11004:Jainism in 10823:Nandavarta 10770:Samayasāra 10722:Literature 10690:Kshamavani 10685:Paryushana 10648:Meditation 10643:Sallekhana 10583:Śvetāmbara 10504:Ratnatraya 10424:Gunasthana 10343:Philosophy 9961:Kumbh Mela 9929:Gudi Padwa 9874:Durga Puja 9859:Shivaratri 9731:Karnavedha 9711:Namakarana 9673:Tirthatana 9440:Dattatreya 9277:Subhashita 9250:Manusmriti 9127:Dhanurveda 9060:Taittiriya 9045:Kaushitaki 9032:Upanishads 8805:Aparigraha 8707:Philosophy 8527:Psychology 8507:Gnosticism 8495:Comparison 8490:Influences 8472:Comparison 8355:Bhavacakra 8313:Kushinagar 8288:Pilgrimage 8234:Māgha Pūjā 8189:Bodhi Tree 8005:Buddhology 7995:Abhidharma 7987:Philosophy 7920:Menander I 7788:Costa Rica 7739:Uzbekistan 7580:Bangladesh 7534:Dhammapada 7518:Pali Canon 7480:Ajahn Chah 7460:Dalai Lama 7360:Kumārajīva 7355:Vasubandhu 7330:The Buddha 7238:Zen master 7173:Sakadagami 7153:Buddhahood 7084:Pratimokṣa 6899:Shikantaza 6855:Meditation 6830:Deity yoga 6701:Madhyamaka 6594:Deva realm 6489:Mindstream 6439:Bodhicitta 6351:Aṅgulimāla 6218:Devadatta 6194:Yaśodharā 6097:The Buddha 6087:Middle Way 5882:Svātantrya 5772:Paramatman 5727:Kshetrajna 5702:Ishvaratva 5642:Cittabhumi 5637:Chidabhasa 5587:Asiddhatva 5507:Abhasavada 5481:Guru Nanak 5416:Vasubandhu 5242:Upanishads 5236:Tirukkuṟaḷ 5195:Panchadasi 5000:Bhedabheda 4948:Madhyamaka 4788:Monotheism 4451:. Wisdom. 3449:Rod Preece 3334:Jaini 1980 3322:Jaini 1980 3310:Jaini 1980 3271:Jaini 1980 3259:Jaini 1980 3217:Jaini 1980 3205:Jaini 1980 3193:Jaini 1980 3148:Jaini 1980 3106:Jaini 1980 2887:BBC Online 2147:, p. 135, 1871:"Hinduism" 1811:Wikisource 1792:Wikisource 1759:Dalal 2010 1202:References 1141:Guru Nanak 1124:In Sikhism 1034:punarbhava 1030:Bhavacakra 1021:Six realms 1017:Bhavacakra 1001:bhavacakra 936:nondualism 860:In Jainism 853:jivanmukti 748:Upanishads 646:Meditation 600:asceticism 476:Jivanmukti 433:Punarmṛtyu 400:Upanishads 304:Upanishads 205:Devanagari 180:is called 168:theory of 142:Upanishads 91:Devanagari 11343:Sculpture 11279:Ekendriya 11140:Singapore 11125:Hong Kong 11105:Australia 11074:Rajasthan 11045:Karnataka 10957:Community 10942:Bal Patil 10897:Chandabai 10866:Pattavali 10818:Shrivatsa 10803:Jain flag 10680:Festivals 10636:Practices 10624:Terapanth 10611:Tristutik 10601:Kharatara 10563:Terapanth 10558:Bispanthi 10528:Digambara 10351:Five Vows 10328:Ganadhara 10184:Theosophy 10115:Mythology 10095:Criticism 10063:Etymology 10021:Svādhyāya 9920:New Year 9869:Navaratri 9841:Festivals 9819:Grihastha 9792:Kshatriya 9766:Antyeshti 9741:Upanayana 9706:Jatakarma 9696:Pumsavana 9683:Sanskaras 9648:Naivedhya 9602:Practices 9547:Mahavidya 9515:Saraswati 9502:Goddesses 9460:Kartikeya 9357:Athichudi 9312:Tirumurai 9165:Vyākaraṇa 9132:Natyaveda 9080:Chandogya 9005:Divisions 8986:Yajurveda 8595:Festivals 8575:Buddhists 8537:Theosophy 8340:Symbolism 8330:Hama yumi 8303:Bodh Gaya 8070:Socialism 8045:Evolution 8020:Economics 7858:Venezuela 7773:Australia 7768:Argentina 7692:Sri Lanka 7687:Singapore 7605:Indonesia 7567:Countries 7508:Tripiṭaka 7470:Ajahn Mun 7345:Nagarjuna 7340:Aśvaghoṣa 7223:Anagārika 7218:Śrāmaṇerī 7213:Śrāmaṇera 7208:Bhikkhunī 7168:Sotāpanna 7057:Passaddhi 6998:Offerings 6973:Nekkhamma 6850:Iddhipada 6770:Practices 6740:Theravada 6713:Vajrayana 6706:Yogachara 6676:Pure Land 6589:Six Paths 6576:Cosmology 6356:Anuruddha 6331:Sāriputta 6321:Kaundinya 6313:Disciples 6288:Vajrapāṇi 6140:Footprint 6105:Tathāgata 5742:Mithyatva 5632:Chaitanya 5627:Catuṣkoṭi 5592:Asatkalpa 5567:Anavastha 5542:Aishvarya 5461:Sakayanya 5456:Sadananda 5421:Gaudapada 5406:Nagarjuna 5361:Patañjali 5177:Principal 5159:Kamasutra 4953:Yogachara 4872:Raseśvara 4624:The Jains 4621:(2002) . 3406:The Jains 3235:The Jains 3124:The Jains 2354:, pp. 1–9 2126:, p. 51, 2105:, p. 86, 1325:1382-3442 1207:Citations 966:Digambara 662:, called 529:Āgatigati 333:The word 249:saṃsaraṇa 80:doctrine. 11435:Scholars 11413:Navboxes 11272:Timeline 11221:Ikshvaku 11206:Chalukya 11175:Hinduism 11170:Buddhism 11135:Pakistan 11093:Overseas 10880:Scholars 10861:Kshullak 10844:Ascetics 10835:Swastika 10653:Sāmāyika 10568:Yapaniya 10519:Branches 10240:Category 10191:Glossary 10159:Buddhism 10125:Hindutva 10085:Calendar 9966:Haridwar 9944:Vaisakhi 9939:Puthandu 9829:Sannyasa 9746:Keshanta 9577:Shashthi 9413:Trimurti 9240:Nitisara 9213:Ramayana 9208:Itihasas 9180:Jyotisha 9122:Ayurveda 9114:Upavedas 9095:Mandukya 9040:Aitareya 9022:Aranyaka 9017:Brahmana 8991:Samaveda 8916:Charvaka 8716:Concepts 8697:Timeline 8689:Glossary 8672:Hinduism 8613:Category 8542:Violence 8512:Hinduism 8460:Sanskrit 8415:Hinayana 8400:Amitābha 8360:Swastika 8229:Uposatha 8219:Holidays 8204:Calendar 8050:Humanism 7888:Kanishka 7878:Timeline 7702:Thailand 7670:Kalmykia 7665:Buryatia 7650:Pakistan 7635:Mongolia 7630:Maldives 7625:Malaysia 7590:Cambodia 7455:Shamarpa 7450:Nichiren 7400:Xuanzang 7335:Nagasena 7253:Rinpoche 6983:Pāramitā 6825:Devotion 6745:Navayana 6733:Dzogchen 6696:Nichiren 6644:Mahayana 6636:Branches 6514:Saṅkhāra 6263:Mañjuśrī 6220:(cousin) 6212:(cousin) 6180:(mother) 6172:(father) 6160:Miracles 6110:Birthday 6027:Glossary 6000:Buddhism 5907:Tanmatra 5902:Tajjalan 5892:Syādvāda 5792:Pradhana 5767:Padārtha 5732:Lakshana 5677:Ekagrata 5522:Adrishta 5517:Adarsana 5495:Concepts 5476:Mahavira 5441:Ramanuja 5391:Chanakya 5326:Avatsara 5321:Valluvar 5261:Vedangas 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