979:
779:
470:
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34:
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865:, a marble masterpiece of the fourteenth century. It is a Gothic work divided into three bands: below, a plinth containing the urn with the remains of the saint; in the center, an open band, with the statue of sleeping St. Augustine and, at the top, the last band, resting on small pillars and crowned by triangular cusps. The entire work is decorated with more than 150 statues, which represent angels, saints, and bishops, and with tiles with the life of the saint. The ark houses the Reliquary Box of Sant'Agostino, a work of goldsmith's work from the Lombard age. The box, in silver, was donated to the monastery by King Liutprand around 725. The crypt, with a nave and two aisles, is located immediately under the altar and houses the tomb of
850:. In 2018, the bones were the subject of a bioarchaeological and genetic investigation. The analyzes showed that the bones belonged to three upper-class individuals, with strong muscles and who ate proteins, mainly from meat and fish, to a greater extent than the rest of the population, as evidenced by the comparisons with the bone findings. coming from some necropolis of the Lombard age found in northern Italy. Of these three individuals, two (a middle-aged man and a younger man) date back to the 6th century, while the third subject, who died around 40/50 years old, was a contemporary of Liutprando: it is therefore possible that the bones of the third individual may belong to the Lombard king.
387:
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834:(sandstone) is used only for the most important parts, such as the portal and the windows. The portal, in sandstone and marble, bears, within the tympanum, the figure of San Michele in the center, flanked on the sides by the images of two prayers. These sculptures probably come from the previous basilica, since they are dated to 1050-1090. Along the buttresses there are traces of an ancient narthex, or perhaps a quadriporticus, which preceded the entrance to the church.
846:
all roughly in the same section rather than alternating as in the other church, and the absence of the matronaea. The spans from the second to the fifth are covered with rib vaults; the first, higher, almost as a function of an internal atrium (endonarthex) or even a false transept, is covered by a barrel vault. It also performs static functions as it serves as a support for the façade. At the base of the last pillar of the right aisle there is the tomb of King
1619:
1631:
57:
790:, the numerous sarcophagi and funeral monuments that crowded the basilica were removed, also creating a certain embarrassment during liturgical functions. With the exception of the remains of king Liutprand, most of the mortal remains found during the 19th-century restorations were buried below the main nave, near the penultimate pillar before the crypt, as recalled by an epigraph inserted in the floor.
794:
and glass vials. Some of the workers later claimed to have seen the name "Augustine" written in charcoal on the top of the box. A factor complicating the authentication of the remains was that San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro was shared by the two
Augustinian religious orders in bitter rivalry. The controversy on the authenticity of the bones resulted in broadsides, pamphlets and books. In 1728,
845:
The interior is marked by five spans, rectangular in the central nave and square in the side aisles. Compared to the basilica of San
Michele Maggiore, one immediately perceives the different proportions of the central nave, wider, longer and less slender, the more rigorous succession of the pillars,
793:
The actual remains of
Augustine, however, were no longer identified. Then, on October 1, 1695, illiterate stonemasons working in the crypt altar removed paving blocks and discovered a marble box. Within it were other boxes; in the third box were fragments of wood, numerous bones and bone fragments,
833:
The façade is marked by two buttresses that divide it into three zones, corresponding to the internal naves; the buttress on the right, more often, houses an internal staircase that allows access to the roof. The top is crowned by a blind loggia and a motif with intertwined arches. The stone
705:. In 1361 Galeazzo II in fact granted offers to the church and from the following year financed the preparation of the marble ark of St. Augustine. Since then, the privilege of burial inside the Lombard royal basilica became a status symbol of the court of Galeazzo II.
829:
Very few remains of the
Lombard church remain, hidden under the Romanesque reconstruction completed around 1132. San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro looks like this, like many other Pavia churches of the time: a brick building, with three naves with transept, apse and crypt.
554:. From the 10th century the monastery enjoyed numerous privileges, including that of being subject only to the authority of the pope. Since the 11th century, the monks of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, who at least since 974 owned vineyards and winepresses near
913:
to bring prestige to the kingdom's new capital. The box was then donated by the
Longobard king to the Monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro around 725. Having lost track of the original 14th-century burial, around 1360, in the sacristy of the Order of the
798:'s intervention in Pavia resulted in his approval of the authenticity of Augustine's bones discovered in the church of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro. (Stone, Harold Samuel (2002). "St. Augustine's Bones: A Microhistory." pp. 90–93)
999:
features a chapter (tenth day, ninth novella) that takes place in the basilica: the sumptuous bed of
Thorello, soundly sleeping, is magically transported to San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, where the sacristan discovers him at
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589:
also participated) an exposition of the relics of Saint
Augustine was also held, at the end of which an arm of the saint, thanks to a substantial donation to the monastery, was granted to
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1651:
905:
they found asylum in an underground chapel, located in largo Carlo Felice, in the
Stampace district and accessible by a spiral staircase in the Accardo Palace. In 722-723
701:, where he installed his court, the Visconti, wishing to refer to the royal past of Pavia, he decided to transform the basilica in the burial church of the
77:
379:
and window framing. The paving of the church floor is now lower than the modern street level of Piazza San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, which lies before its
1436:
Gaeta, Raffaele; Minozzi, Simona; Fornaciari, Antonio; Giuffra, Valentina; Riccomi, Giulia; Lubritto, Carmine; Fornaciari, Gino (20 October 2020).
1307:
Lomartire, Saverio (2021). "La riapertura del deposito dei resti mortali di
Liutprando". In Saverio Lomartire, Maria Teresa Mazzilli Savini (ed.).
49:
978:
1676:
616:. The importance of the monastery is highlighted by the imperial donations received (between the 9th and 12th centuries) from the emperors
1537:
1282:
Mazzilli Savini, Maria Teresa (2021). "Sepolture di Santi e di re in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro a Pavia. Architetture, momenti, devozioni".
1105:
Mazzilli Savini, Maria Teresa (2021). "Sepolture di Santi e di re in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro a Pavia. Architetture, momenti, devozioni".
581:. In 1022 an important council was held in the basilica (in which decisions were made on the celibacy of religious) presided over by Pope
469:
778:
752:
837:
1671:
1258:"Non iam capitanei, sed reges nominarentur: progetti regi e rivendicazioni politiche nei rituali funerari dei Visconti (XIV secolo)"
1198:"Non iam capitanei, sed reges nominarentur: progetti regi e rivendicazioni politiche nei rituali funerari dei Visconti (XIV secolo)"
975:("The body whence it was chased forth / lieth down below in Cieldauro and itself from martyrdom / and exile came unto this peace.")
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stayed in the monastery and reformed its monastic customs, while, not many years later, in 1004, the monastery hosted the emperor
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probably sent a delegation to
Cagliari charged with purchasing the relics with a large sum of money and transporting them to
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1597:
1438:"Exhumation and anthropological study of the skeletal remains attributed to Liutprand, King of the Lombards(c. 690-744 AD)"
743:. Also in the same years, the basilica was visited by diplomats and ambassadors visiting the court of Galeazzo II, such as
1666:
706:
596:, while other small fragments of Augustine's bones ended up with other prelates present at the council, such as those of
1602:
1553:(trans. Philip Henry Wicksteed & Herman Oelsner), Canto X, ll. 127–29. London: J.M. Dent & Co., 6th ed. 1908.
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Besides being the burial place of Liutprand and Augustine, San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro contains in its crypt that of
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Shanon Dale, 2001. "A house divided: San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia and the politics of Pope John XXII", in
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The basilica remained the main sepulchral church of the Visconti court in Pavia until the foundation of the
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and uncle of the Lombard king Liutprand—and deposited in the church of Saint Peter about the year 720.
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hermits, it was replaced by a candid marble ark, the work of Campionese masters. It is mentioned by
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in 1799. The erstwhile cathedral in Pavia fell into disrepair; it was a military magazine under the
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727:: between 1384 and the beginning of the 15th century, Francesco d'Este, the eldest daughter of
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The Augustinians were expelled from Pavia in 1785, Augustine’s ark and relics were brought to
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Storia di un territorio rurale. Vigne e vini nell'Oltrepò Pavese. Ambiente, società, economia
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was also built in the monastery in the 9th century and a school, led by the Irish monk
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In the presbytery, before the choir, there is the Ark of Sant'Agostino, created by
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Courts and Courtly Cultures in Early Modern Italy and Europe. Models and Languages
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Courts and Courtly Cultures in Early Modern Italy and Europe. Models and Languages
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681:, in which he appointed the Augustinians guardians of the tomb of Augustine (the
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458:. Bede tells that the remains were subsequently redeemed out of the hands of the
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Sepolture di re longobardi e monasteri imperiali a Pavia. Studi, restauri, scavi
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Sepolture di re longobardi e monasteri imperiali a Pavia. Studi, restauri, scavi
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Sepolture di re longobardi e monasteri imperiali a Pavia. Studi, restauri, scavi
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1577:(Studies in Print Culture and the History of the Book) (Amherst:
1538:"Agostino a Pavia. Vicissitudini di un simbolo del cristianesimo"
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https://www.basilicasanpietroincieldoro.com/visita-virtuale-EN/
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was buried in the church, and the funeral of the Visconti
1469:"L'Arca di Sant'Agostino: opera di Giovanni di Balduccio"
1157:"L'Arca di Sant'Agostino: opera di Giovanni di Balduccio"
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Silver box with the relics of St. Augustine, around 725.
685:), which was remade in 1362 and elaborately carved with
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moved his residence from Milan to Pavia, in the nearby
407:(who is buried here) between 720 and 725. The present
1657:
12th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
1607:
1331:
1027:(in Italian). Milano: Franco Angeli. pp. 51–68.
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In the 1570s, in compliance with the dictates of the
1652:
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1132
901:. They brought the saint's relics with them, and in
56:
949:is often taken as the final literary production of
418:The church is the resting place for the remains of
1109:(in Italian). Milano: Cisalpino. pp. 35–37.
403:is recorded in Pavia in 604; it was renovated by
1643:
1281:
1104:
1532:
510:in 825, they had to go to study students from
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1286:(in Italian). Milano: Cisalpino. p. 60.
1225:Sources and analogues of the Canterbury Tales
897:and other North African Catholic bishops to
689:of scenes from Augustine's life, created by
446:, Sardinia by the Catholic bishops whom the
585:. During the council (in which the emperor
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1085:McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia
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1311:. Milano: Cisalpino. pp. 77–100.
1131:"Monastero di S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
1056:"Monastero di S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
969:giuso in Cieldauro; ed essa da martiro
562:, producing wines that, thanks to the
325:for "Saint Peter in Golden Sky") is a
1575:St. Augustine's Bones: A Microhistory
1509:"Basilica di S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
1412:"Basilica di S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
1387:"Basilica di S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
1020:
775:, were also buried in the basilica.
1677:Romanesque architecture in Lombardy
967:Lo corpo ond’ella fu cacciata giace
885:According to tradition, in 504 the
498:, where, as ordered in the Olonese
13:
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1579:University of Massachusetts Press
930:1365 (currently collected in his
364:that decorate the ceiling of the
1672:Roman Catholic churches in Pavia
1629:
1617:
1256:Majocchi, Piero (January 2015).
1196:Majocchi, Piero (January 2015).
971:e da essilio venne a questa pace
805:Remains of mosaic, 12th century.
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1551:The Paradiso of Dante Alighieri
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405:Liutprand, King of the Lombards
352:region. Its name refers to the
236:Liutprand, King of the Lombards
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422:, who died in 430 in his home
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1662:Basilica churches in Lombardy
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1598:"Pavia's Augustinian Church"
1222:Correale, Robert M. (2002).
986:in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro.
390:The "Golden Sky" in the apse
63:San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro
22:San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro
7:
1573:Harold Samuel Stone, 2002.
1467:Girelli, Francesca (2021).
1332:Monasteri Imperiali Pavia.
1155:Girelli, Francesca (2021).
368:. The plain exterior is of
27:St. Peter in the Golden Sky
10:
1693:
1667:Former cathedrals in Italy
1338:monasteriimperialipavia.it
1334:"San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro"
442:, the body was removed to
411:church was consecrated by
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1591:virtual tour with video:
1365:lombardiabeniculturali.it
946:Consolation of Philosophy
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1513:Lombardia Beni Culturali
1416:Lombardia Beni Culturali
1391:Lombardia Beni Culturali
1245:– via Book Google.
1135:Lombardia Beni Culturali
1060:Lombardia Beni Culturali
819:Agostino Gaetano Riboldi
594:archbishop of Canterbury
502:, issued by the emperor
319:San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro
1603:"The Tomb of Augustine"
1021:Maffi, Luciano (2010).
1004:the following morning.
506:in the royal palace of
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1361:"Arca di S. Agostino"
1340:. University of Pavia
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841:Entrance to the crypt
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815:Napoleonic occupation
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757:count of Hohenzollern
747:in 1378. In 1525 the
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683:Arca di Sant'Agostino
664:Arca di Sant'Agostino
656:Giovanni di Balduccio
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1536:(15 February 2024).
922:in a letter sent to
739:and the condottiero
695:Galeazzo II Visconti
646:Frederick Barbarossa
556:San Damiano al Colle
93:45.19139°N 9.15500°E
1367:. Regione Lombardia
1359:Regione Lombardia.
1081:"Pavia, Council of"
895:Fulgentius of Ruspe
753:Eitel Friedrich III
89: /
1570:27, pp. 55ff
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796:Pope Benedict XIII
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420:Augustine of Hippo
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255:Architectural type
202:Augustine of Hippo
1476:Bollettino d'Arte
1318:978-88-205-1136-4
1293:978-88-205-1136-4
1164:Bollettino d'Arte
1116:978-88-205-1136-4
957:mentions this in
737:Violante Visconti
733:Caterina Visconti
714:Luchino Dal Verme
707:Lionel of Antwerp
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231:Associated people
98:45.19139; 9.15500
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632:, Henry II,
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417:
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338:Augustinians
318:
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242:Architecture
120:Denomination
1624:Catholicism
1040:15 November
963:, canto X:
960:Il Paradiso
928:December 22
916:Augustinian
741:Facino Cane
711:condottiero
687:bas-reliefs
674:issued the
666:, 1362-1365
491:scriptorium
401:Saint Peter
186:Consecrated
179:Saint Peter
96: /
1646:Categories
1008:References
891:Thrasamund
782:The facade
693:. In 1365
676:papal bull
658:, Tomb of
598:Montalcino
508:Corteolona
409:Romanesque
271:Romanesque
174:Dedication
161:Before 604
81:45°11′29″N
1488:0394-4573
1176:0394-4573
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924:Boccaccio
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848:Liutprand
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475:Liutprand
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291:Materials
277:Completed
259:Cathedral
220:Augustine
218:Tombs of
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751:captain
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610:Valencia
602:Piacenza
587:Henry II
579:Henry II
532:Vercelli
473:Tomb of
460:Saracens
444:Cagliari
362:tesserae
350:Lombardy
330:basilica
327:Catholic
225:Boethius
206:Boethius
152:Basilica
136:Homepage
125:Catholic
84:9°9′18″E
1610:Portals
1581:) 2002.
1518:31 July
1452:31 July
1421:31 July
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432:Vandals
424:diocese
395:History
372:, with
354:mosaics
323:Italian
306:Diocese
280:720–725
198:present
196:Cult(s)
163: (
158:Founded
143:History
131:Website
109:Country
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148:Status
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