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661:. Models of coastal dunes suggest that their final equilibrium height is related to the distance between the water line and where vegetation can grow. Coastal dunes can be classified by where they develop, or begin to take shape. Dunes are commonly grouped into either the Primary Dune Group or the Secondary Dune Group. Primary dunes gain most of their sand from the beach itself, while secondary dunes gain their sand from the primary dune. Along the Florida Panhandle, most dunes are considered to be foredunes or hummocks. Different locations around the globe have dune formations unique to their given coastal profile.
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525:. The stability of the dunes was once attributed to the vegetative cover but recent research has pointed to water as the main source of parabolic dune stability. The vegetation that covers them—grasses, shrubs, and trees—help anchor the trailing arms. In inland deserts, parabolic dunes commonly originate and extend downwind from blowouts in sand sheets only partly anchored by vegetation. They can also originate from beach sands and extend inland into vegetated areas in coastal zones and on shores of large lakes.
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Compound dunes are large dunes on which smaller dunes of similar type and slipface orientation are superimposed. Complex dunes are combinations of two or more dune types. A crescentic dune with a star dune superimposed on its crest is the most common complex dune. Simple dunes represent a wind regime that has not changed in intensity or direction since the formation of the dune, while compound and complex dunes suggest that the intensity and direction of the wind has changed.
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dune arms are oriented in the same direction, and, the inter-dune corridors are generally swept clear of loose sand, the corridors can usually be traversed in between the trailing arms of the dune. However to cross straight over the dune by going over the trailing arms, can be very difficult. Also, traversing the nose is very difficult as well because the nose is usually made up of loose sand without much if any vegetation.
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1176:. Due to widespread human population expansion, dunes face destruction through land development and recreational usages, as well as alteration to prevent the encroachment of sand onto inhabited areas. Some countries, notably the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Sri Lanka have developed significant programs of dune protection through the use of
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816:. Leaching occurs on the dunes, washing humus into the slacks, and the slacks may be much more developed than the exposed tops of the dunes. It is usually in the slacks that more rare species are developed and there is a tendency for the dune slacks' soil to be waterlogged where only marsh plants can survive. In Europe these plants include: creeping willow, cotton grass,
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201:, which are all deposits of the same type of materials. Dunes are generally defined as greater than 7 cm tall and may have ripples, while ripples are deposits that are less than 3 cm tall. A draa is a very large aeolian landform, with a length of several kilometers and a height of tens to hundreds of meters, and which may have superimposed dunes.
386:
555:(United States) to Saudi Arabia to Australia. Spacing between zibars ranges from 50 to 400 metres and they do not become more than 10 metres high. The dunes form at about ninety degrees to the prevailing wind which blows away the small, fine-grained sand leaving behind the coarser grained sand to form the crest.
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How much a dune erodes during any storm surge is related to its location on the coastal shoreline and the profile of the beach during a particular season. In those areas with harsher winter weather, during the summer a beach tends to take on more of a convex appearance due to gentler waves, while the
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or other intense storm activity, dependent on their location. Recent work has suggested that coastal dunes tend to evolve toward a high or low morphology depending on the growth rate of dunes relative to storm frequency. During a storm event, dunes play a significant role in minimizing wave energy as
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Coastal sand dunes can provide privacy and/or habitats to support local flora and fauna. Animals such as sand snakes, lizards, and rodents can live in coastal sand dunes, along with insects of all types. Often the vegetation of sand dunes is discussed without acknowledging the importance that coastal
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Parabolic dunes, like crescent dunes, occur in areas where very strong winds are mostly unidirectional. Although these dunes are found in areas now characterized by variable wind speeds, the effective winds associated with the growth and migration of both the parabolic and crescent dunes probably are
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U-shaped mounds of sand with convex noses trailed by elongated arms are parabolic dunes. These dunes are formed from blowout dunes where the erosion of vegetated sand leads to a U-shaped depression. The elongated arms are held in place by vegetation; the largest arm known on Earth reaches 12 km.
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and river valleys in arid and semiarid regions in response to the direction (s) of prevailing winds, are known as lunettes, source-bordering dunes, bourrelets and clay dunes. They may be composed of clay, silt, sand, or gypsum, eroded from the basin floor or shore, transported up the concave side of
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Dunes are most common in desert environments, where the lack of moisture hinders the growth of vegetation that would otherwise interfere with the development of dunes. However, sand deposits are not restricted to deserts, and dunes are also found along sea shores, along streams in semiarid climates,
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and height. The shape of a dune gives information about its formation environment. For instance, rivers produce asymmetrical ripples, with the steeper slip face facing downstream. Ripple marks preserved in sedimentary strata in the geological record can be used to determine the direction of current
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Draas are very large-scale dune bedforms; they may be tens or a few hundreds of metres in height, kilometres wide, and hundreds of kilometres in length. After a draa has reached a certain size, it generally develops superimposed dune forms. They are thought to be more ancient and slower-moving than
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tend to blow sand inland. The three key ingredients for coastal dune formation are a large sand supply, winds to move said sand supply, and a place for the sand supply to accumulate. Obstacles—for example, vegetation, pebbles and so on—tend to slow down the wind and lead to the deposition of sand
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All these dune shapes may occur in three forms: simple (isolated dunes of basic type), compound (larger dunes on which smaller dunes of same type form), and complex (combinations of different types). Simple dunes are basic forms with the minimum number of slipfaces that define the geometric type.
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Occurring wherever winds periodically reverse direction, reversing dunes are varieties of any of the above shapes. These dunes typically have major and minor slipfaces oriented in opposite directions. The minor slipfaces are usually temporary, as they appear after a reverse wind and are generally
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The grain size for these well-sorted, very fine to medium sands is about 0.06 to 0.5 mm. Parabolic dunes have loose sand and steep slopes only on their outer flanks. The inner slopes are mostly well packed and anchored by vegetation, as are the corridors between individual dunes. Because all
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The sand mass of dunes can move either windward or leeward, depending on if the wind is making contact with the dune from below or above its apogee. If wind hits from above, the sand particles move leeward; the leeward flux of sand is greater than the windward flux. Conversely, if sand hits from
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dunes have for animals. Further, some animals, such as foxes and feral pigs can use coastal dunes as hunting grounds to find food. Birds are also known to utilize coastal dunes as nesting grounds. All these species find the coastal environment of the sand dune vital to their species' survival.
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Titan's dunes include large expanses with modal lengths of about 20–30 km. The regions are not topographically confined, resembling sand seas. These dunes are interpreted to be longitudinal dunes whose crests are oriented parallel to the dominant wind direction, which generally indicates
988:. The crystals left behind by this process are eroded by the wind and deposited as vast white dune fields that resemble snow-covered landscapes. These types of dune are rare, and only form in closed arid basins that retain the highly soluble gypsum that would otherwise be washed into the sea.
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There are many threats to these coastal communities. Some coastal dunes, for example ones in San
Francisco, have been completely altered by urbanization; reshaping the dune for human use. This puts native species at risk. Another danger, in California and places in the UK specifically, is the
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Simple parabolic dunes have only one set of arms that trail upwind, behind the leading nose. Compound parabolic dunes are coalesced features with several sets of trailing arms. Complex parabolic dunes include subsidiary superposed or coalesced forms, usually of barchanoid or linear shapes.
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Barchan dunes are crescent-shaped mounds which are generally wider than they are long. The lee-side slipfaces are on the concave sides of the dunes. These dunes form under winds that blow consistently from one direction (unimodal winds). They form separate crescents when the sand supply is
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697:, known as European beachgrass, has a similar story, though it has no horticulture benefits. It has great ground coverage and, as intended, stabilized the dunes but as an unintended side effect prevented native species from thriving in those dunes. One such example is the dune field at
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Five basic dune types are recognized: crescentic, linear, star, dome, and parabolic. Dune areas may occur in three forms: simple (isolated dunes of basic type), compound (larger dunes on which smaller dunes of same type form), and complex (combinations of different types).
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In plan view, these are U-shaped or V-shaped mounds of well-sorted, very fine to medium sand with elongated arms that extend upwind behind the central part of the dune. There are slipfaces that often occur on the outer side of the nose and on the outer slopes of the arms.
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Victoria Island Sand Dunes,160 km North West of
Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Approximately 600 square kilometers, the largest in Canada, third largest in North America and the largest in the Arctic. There are two lakes with direct access to the Dunes from float
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Dunes are made of sand-sized particles, and may consist of quartz, calcium carbonate, snow, gypsum, or other materials. The upwind/upstream/upcurrent side of the dune is called the stoss side; the downflow side is called the lee side. Sand is pushed (creep) or bounces
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grains. These small "incipient dunes or "shadow dunes" tend to grow in the vertical direction if the obstacle slowing the wind can also grow vertically (i.e., vegetation). Coastal dunes expand laterally as a result of lateral growth of coastal plants via seed or
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Star dunes are pyramidal sand mounds with slipfaces on three or more arms that radiate from the high center of the mound. They tend to accumulate in areas with multidirectional wind regimes. Star dunes grow upward rather than laterally. They dominate the
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Abundant barchan dunes may merge into barchanoid ridges, which then grade into linear (or slightly sinuous) transverse dunes, so called because they lie transverse, or across, the wind direction, with the wind blowing perpendicular to the ridge crest.
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Rub' al Khali (Arabian Empty
Quarter) sand dunes imaged by Terra (EOS AM-1). Most of these dunes are seif dunes. Their origin from barchans is suggested by the stubby remnant "hooks" seen on many of the dunes. Wind would be from left to
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Seif dunes are associated with bidirectional winds. The long axes and ridges of these dunes extend along the resultant direction of sand movement (hence the name "longitudinal"). Some linear dunes merge to form Y-shaped compound dunes.
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might also slow their movement to a crawl, but geologists are still analyzing results for the optimum fence designs. Preventing sand dunes from overwhelming towns, villages, and agricultural areas has become a priority for the
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Sand threatens buildings and crops in Africa, the Middle East, and China. Drenching sand dunes with oil stops their migration, but this approach uses a valuable resource and is quite destructive to the dunes' animal habitats.
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same beach in the winter may take on more of a concave appearance. As a result, coastal dunes can get eroded much more quickly in the winter than in the summer. The converse is true in areas with harsher summer weather.
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Coastal dunes form when wet sand is deposited along the coast and dries out and is blown along the beach. Dunes form where the beach is wide enough to allow for the accumulation of wind-blown sand, and where prevailing
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below, sand particles move windward. Further, if the wind is carrying sand particles when it hits the dune, the dune's sand particles will saltate more than if the wind had hit the dune without carrying sand particles.
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Dune ecosystems are extremely difficult places for plants to survive. This is due to a number of pressures related to their proximity to the ocean and confinement to growth on sandy substrates. These include:
159:. Artificial dunes are sometimes constructed to protect coastal areas. The dynamic action of wind and water can sometimes cause dunes to drift, which can have serious consequences. For example, the town of
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that is formed when a marine or aeolian sand dune becomes compacted and hardened. Once in this form, water passing through the rock can carry and deposit minerals, which can alter the colour of the rock.
677:, will retreat or erode. To counteract the damage from tropical activity on coastal dunes, short term post-storm efforts can be made by individual agencies through fencing to help with sand accumulation.
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Claudino-Sales, V; Wang, P; Horwitz, MH (15 March 2008). "Factors controlling the survival of coastal dunes during multiple hurricane impacts in 2004 and 2005: Santa Rosa
Barrier Island, Florida".
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Sand dunes can have a negative impact on humans when they encroach on human habitats. Sand dunes move via a few different means, all of them helped along by wind. One way that dunes can move is by
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326:, suggested that some seif dunes form when a barchan dune moves into a bidirectional wind regime, and one arm or wing of the crescent elongates. Others suggest that seif dunes are formed by
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Seif dunes are common in the Sahara. They range up to 300 m (980 ft) in height and 300 km (190 mi) in length. In the southern third of the
Arabian Peninsula, a vast
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in a unidirectional wind. In the sheltered troughs between highly developed seif dunes, barchans may be formed, because the wind is constrained to be unidirectional by the dunes.
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Blvd, Mailing
Address: 111 E. Kellogg; Paul, Suite 105 Saint; Us, MN 55101 Phone: 651-293-0200 This is the general phone line at the Mississippi River Visitor Center Contact.
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514:, or hairpin dunes, and they are well known in coastal deserts. Unlike crescent shaped dunes, their crests point upwind. The bulk of the sand in the dune migrates forward.
5169:
Cardona Florez, Jorge Eduar; Franklin, Erick de Moraes (2016). "The formation and migration of sand ripples in closed conduits: Experiments with turbulent water flows".
691:, were introduced from South Africa in an attempt to stabilize the dunes and provide horticultural benefits, but instead spread taking land away from native species.
1000:, or coppice dune, is a small dune anchored by vegetation. They usually indicate desertification or soil erosion, and serve as nesting and burrow sites for animals.
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word to describe "rolling transverse ridges ... with a hard surface". The dunes are small, have low relief, and can be found in many places across the planet from
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Most parabolic dunes do not reach heights higher than a few tens of metres except at their nose, where vegetation stops or slows the advance of accumulating sand.
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dunes after the Arabic word for "sword". They may be more than 160 kilometres (100 miles) long, and thus easily visible in satellite images (see illustrations).
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By contrast, transverse dunes form with the wind blowing perpendicular to the ridges, and have only one slipface, on the lee side. The stoss side is less steep.
5642:
Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). "The
Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation".
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Houser, C; Hapke, C; Hamilton, S (15 August 2008). "Controls on coastal dune morphology, shoreline erosion and barrier island response to extreme storms".
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the dune, and deposited on the convex side. Examples in
Australia are up to 6.5 km long, 1 km wide, and up to 50 metres high. They also occur in
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4101:& Campbell, E.M. (2005, revised edition): Australian landforms: understanding a low, flat, arid and old landscape. Rosenberg Publishing. pp. 241–3.
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Jiang, Hong; Dun, Hongchao; Tong, Ding; Huang, Ning (15 April 2017). "Sand transportation and reverse patterns over leeward face of sand dune".
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Hesp, P. (1989). "A review of biological and geomorphological processes involved in the initiation and development of incipient foredunes".
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or Empty
Quarter, contains seif dunes that stretch for almost 200 km (120 mi) and reach heights of over 300 m (980 ft).
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Alvarez, Carlos A.; Franklin, Erick M. (19 October 2018). "Role of
Transverse Displacements in the Formation of Subaqueous Barchan Dunes".
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and pipelines. Dunes move downstream as the upstream slope is eroded and the sediment deposited on the downstream or lee slope in typical
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and other sea grasses. These plants are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the foredune, typically having deep roots which reach the
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from the sea carried on strong winds. The dune is well drained and often dry, and composed of calcium carbonate from seashells. Rotting
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Dunes can likely be found in any environment where there is a substantial atmosphere, winds, and dust to be blown. Dunes are common on
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4982:"Large-scale removal of beachgrass leads to new life for endangered coastal lupine | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis"
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Godfrey, P. J. (1 September 1977). "Climate, plant response and development of dunes on barrier beaches along the U.S. east coast".
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comparatively small. When the sand supply is greater, they may merge into barchanoid ridges, and then transverse dunes (see below).
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Badescu, V.; Cathcart, R. B.; Bolonkin, A. A. (2008). "Sand dune fixation: A solar-powered Sahara seawater pipeline macroproject".
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Seif dunes are linear (or slightly sinuous) dunes with two slip faces. The two slip faces make them sharp-crested. They are called
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1111:. When these skipping particles land, they may knock into other particles and cause them to move as well, in a process known as
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5676:"Grey Cloud Dunes Scientific and Natural Area - Mississippi National River & Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)"
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Radebaugh, Jani; Sharma, Priyanka; Korteniemi, Jarmo; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E. (2014). "Longitudinal Dunes (or Linear Dunes)".
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Dunes on the bed of a channel significantly increase flow resistance, their presence and growth playing a major part in river
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Oval or circular mounds that generally lack a slipface. Dome dunes are rare and occur at the far upwind margins of sand seas.
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These dunes often occur in semiarid areas where the precipitation is retained in the lower parts of the dune and underlying
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Thorny/Spiky seeds to ensure establishment in vicinity of parent, reduces chances of being blown away or swept out to sea (
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1992:
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bedrock disintegrates to produce an ample supply of loose sand. Subaqueous dunes can form from the action of water flow (
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1956:
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Miles, J. (1985). "The pedogenic effects of different species and vegetation types and the implications of succession".
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284:. The largest crescentic dunes on Earth, with mean crest-to-crest widths of more than three kilometres, are in China's
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into a low-lying pan within the basin where the water evaporates, depositing the gypsum and forming crystals known as
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west-to-east wind flow. The sand is likely composed of hydrocarbon particles, possibly with some water ice mixed in.
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A type of extensive parabolic dune that lacks discernible slipfaces and has mostly coarse grained sand is known as a
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surfaces than any other type of dune. A group of dunes moved more than 100 metres per year between 1954 and 1959 in
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155:. In most cases, the dunes are important in protecting the land against potential ravages by storm waves from the
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Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: "Preservationists of Ogden Dunes".
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construction. In the case of sub-aqueous barchan dunes, sediment is lost by their extremities, known as horns.
797:, caused by the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter with nitrate leaching. Coniferous forests and
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Franklin, E. M.; Charru, F. (2011). "Subaqueous barchan dunes in turbulent shear flow. Part 1. Dune motion".
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Some coastal areas have one or more sets of dunes running parallel to the shoreline directly inland from the
209:) up the stoss side, and slides down the lee side. A side of a dune that the sand has slid down is called a
98:, while broad, flat regions covered with wind-swept sand or dunes, with little or no vegetation, are called
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Morton, RA (1 May 1976). "Effects of Hurricane Eloise on beach and coastal structures, Florida Panhandle".
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2011:
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smaller dunes, and to form by vertical growth of existing dunes. Draas are widespread in sand seas and are
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Sand hitting sand is more likely to stick; sand hitting a more coherent surface is more likely to bounce (
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1085:, for consolidated and hardened sand dunes is "slickrock", a name that was introduced by pioneers of the
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1018:) dunes form on a bed of sand or gravel under the actions of water flow. They are ubiquitous in natural
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4545:"Lateral vegetation growth rates exert control on coastal foredune "hummockiness" and coalescing time"
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Peeking Through the Haze: Titan's Surface, part II—The Planetary Society Blog | The Planetary Society
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Franklin, E.M.; Charru, F. (2009). "Morphology and displacement of dunes in a closed-conduit flow".
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layers of stacks of lithified dunes can produce the cross-hatching patterns, such as those seen in
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it moves onshore. As a result, coastal dunes, especially those in the foredune area affected by a
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Alvarez, Carlos A.; Franklin, Erick M. (18 December 2017). "Birth of a subaqueous barchan dune".
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Cross-bedding in lithified aeolian sand dunes preserved as sandstone in Zion National Park, Utah
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Grafals-Soto, Rosana (2012). "Effects of sand fences on coastal dune vegetation distribution".
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These dunes most often form as a continuous 'train' of dunes, showing remarkable similarity in
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to the soil, meaning other, less hardy plants can then colonize the dunes. Typically these are
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according to the Namibian Ministry of Environment & Tourism the highest dune in the world
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Dune habitats provide niches for highly specialized plants and animals, including numerous
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of China, the star dunes are up to 500 metres tall and may be the tallest dunes on Earth.
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The modern word "dune" came into English from French around 1790, which in turn came from
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Transverse dunes lie perpendicular to the wind, which moves them forwards, producing the
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86:. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a
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108:. Dunes occur in different shapes and sizes, but most kinds of dunes are longer on the
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How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension
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6740:
6700:
6665:
6649:
6579:
6416:
6167:
6090:
6071:
6052:
6026:
5964:
5837:
5694:
5529:"Province Lands Bike Trail – Cape Cod National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)"
5340:
5279:
5228:
5208:
4850:
4801:
4632:
4566:
4517:
4445:
4414:
4326:
4288:
4162:
4123:
4102:
4079:
3963:
3936:
3781:
3768:
3727:
3702:
3478:
3422:
3275:
3216:
2635:
2323:
2305:
1943:
1921:
1908:
1731:
1528:
1283:
898:
582:
511:
285:
51:
5770:
5352:
5291:
5155:
5112:
4529:
4075:
2630:
7880:
7640:
7382:
7216:
7191:
7186:
7161:
7111:
6937:
6797:
6715:
6680:
6346:
6274:
6155:
5866:
5587:
5409:
5405:
5336:
5332:
5271:
5196:
5143:
5100:
5041:
4920:
4885:
4840:
4793:
4706:
4702:
4671:
4667:
4622:
4612:
4556:
4509:
4474:
4437:
4361:
4357:
4322:
4284:
4241:
4071:
3885:
3370:
3351:
3198:
3079:
2412:
2366:
2120:
1934:
1561:
1459:
802:
669:
417:
273:
31:
6237:
5809:
431:
are superficially similar. These hills appear to have been formed during the last
7926:
7563:
7419:
7201:
7146:
7013:
6922:
6917:
6802:
6685:
6574:
6361:
6323:
6308:
5992:
5816:
5798:
5780:
5423:
5104:
4821:"Stability and bistability in a one-dimensional model of coastal foredune height"
3764:
3130:
3124:
2696:
2659:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2402:
2332:
2087:
1870:
1860:
1824:
1739:
1547:
1509:
1339:
1259:
1221:
1184:
has been developed to assess dunes loss and to prevent future dunes destruction.
1098:
821:
774:
726:
629:
Coastal dunes covered in grasses around the mouth of the Liver Å river in Denmark
486:
428:
217:
5901:
4441:
3385:
franchise, which includes prominent theme of dunes on fictional planets such as
2539:
1930:
1197:
785:
content and have small, prickly leaves which reduce transpiration. Heather adds
8006:
7900:
7751:
7746:
7679:
6812:
6807:
6770:
6710:
6690:
6564:
6431:
6381:
6333:
6293:
6288:
5275:
4267:
Nielson, Jamie; Kocurek, Gary (June 1986). "Climbing Zibars of the Algodones".
3903:
3168:
3139:
3092:
3088:
3029:
2943:
2789:
2702:
2647:
2595:
2572:
2391:
1983:
1892:
1777:
1724:
1499:
1469:
1449:
730:
413:
356:
100:
5479:"Herring Cove Beach – Cape Cod National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)"
5147:
4773:
4478:
2604:
1551:
567:
Reversing dune showing short minor slipface atop the major stoss (upwind) face
8000:
7931:
7921:
7741:
7736:
7424:
7407:
7357:
7298:
7273:
7136:
7063:
6735:
6569:
6451:
6411:
6356:
6018:
4854:
4805:
4570:
4561:
4544:
4521:
4467:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B: Biological Sciences
3356:
3346:
3345:
Dunes are a popular theme in science fiction, featuring in depictions of dry
3234:
3149:
2818:
2804:
2728:
Note: This table is partially based on estimates and incomplete information.
2686:
2422:
2356:
2299:
2285:
2271:
2205:
2095:
2083:
2070:
2044:
1965:
1842:
1838:
1809:
1578:
1518:
1489:
1435:
1279:
1233:
1161:
1108:
1089:
because their steel-rimmed wagon wheels could not gain traction on the rock.
1071:
1062:
929:
Thickened cuticle/Succulence to reduce moisture loss and reduce salt uptake (
758:
596:
404:
317:
197:
A universally precise distinction does not exist between ripples, dunes, and
190:
125:
63:
7600:
5504:"Race Point Beach – Cape Cod National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service)"
4924:
4617:
4543:
Goldstein, Evan B.; Moore, Laura J.; Vinent, Orencio Durán (8 August 2017).
109:
7652:
7575:
7558:
7288:
7176:
7048:
7043:
6942:
6932:
6877:
6502:
6313:
5344:
5283:
4636:
4305:
Lancaster, N. (1 March 1988). "The development of large aeolian bedforms".
4002:
3754:
3750:
3636:
3452:
3447:
3361:
3335:
3074:
2978:
2923:
2919:
2561:
2179:
1715:
1698:
1691:
1665:
1569:
1565:
1431:
1352:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1249:
1237:
1169:
1009:
969:
746:
167:
3605:
7770:
7728:
7647:
7543:
7538:
7439:
7253:
7226:
7221:
7101:
7083:
7073:
7068:
7023:
7018:
7008:
6957:
6947:
6670:
6518:
6469:
6436:
6426:
6318:
6196:"Fighting wind erosion. One aspect of the combat against desertification"
6178:. Desert Processes Working Group; Knowledge Sciences, Inc. Archived from
4845:
4820:
4797:
3220:
3194:
2859:
2715:
2535:
2387:
2201:
2019:
1679:
1669:
1654:
1618:
1589:
1399:
1364:
1157:
817:
809:
782:
761:. Also, the deep roots bind the sand together, and the dune grows into a
742:
698:
674:
490:
181:
4905:"Reactionary fence installation for post-Superstorm Sandy dune recovery"
3898:
3678:
3617:
3477:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
2762:
2502:
2485:
2002:
1131:
of the dunes—that face away from the winds—also move the dunes forward.
112:(upflow) side, where the sand is pushed up the dune, and have a shorter
7962:
7717:
7712:
7630:
7533:
7367:
7303:
7263:
7181:
7106:
6897:
6755:
6559:
6523:
6464:
6391:
6371:
4513:
4418:
4253:
3666:
3295:
3153:
3102:
2879:
2793:
2655:
2585:
2581:
2346:
2247:
2227:
2209:
2194:
2138:
1852:
1702:
1683:
1644:
1513:
1395:
1373:
1369:
1307:
1202:
1136:
1120:
1116:
1034:
1015:
977:
718:
587:
436:
67:
1115:. With slightly stronger winds, particles collide in mid-air, causing
701:. There are now efforts to get rid of both of these invasive species.
456:
of the Sahara. In other deserts, they occur around the margins of the
7967:
7835:
7819:
7722:
7468:
7308:
7268:
7096:
7033:
6952:
6882:
6396:
6386:
6341:
5555:"Holocene history of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Northwestern Alaska"
3442:
3381:
3316:
2770:
2663:
2556:
2543:
2464:
2074:
2050:
1706:
1611:
1445:
1382:
1124:
1066:
919:
813:
798:
248:
129:
6618:
6159:
4245:
4065:
3955:
7895:
7548:
7513:
7236:
7231:
7058:
6973:
6832:
6657:
6492:
6366:
6243:
5319:
5258:
5183:
5095:
3976:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3390:
3386:
3262:
3248:
3238:
3056:
3010:
2990:
2947:
2521:
2439:
2435:
2313:
2295:
2267:
2237:
2024:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1846:
1828:
1813:
1802:
1735:
1626:
1588:
Wind ripples on crescent-shaped sand dunes (barchans) in southwest
1574:
1347:
1297:
1128:
1086:
1042:
893:
Plants have evolved many adaptations to cope with these pressures:
837:
766:
762:
750:
481:
457:
79:
58:
6142:
6065:
2515:
27:
Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
7946:
7936:
7674:
7669:
7657:
7635:
7620:
7528:
7372:
7246:
7091:
6967:
6962:
6872:
6867:
6857:
6777:
6479:
6441:
6376:
6303:
3654:
3366:
3289:
3283:
3270:
3207:
3163:
3070:
2377:
2281:
2099:
2006:
1951:
1938:
1878:
1874:
1856:
1798:
1744:
1503:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1386:
1324:
1315:
1301:
1027:
968:
In deserts where large amounts of limestone mountains surround a
907:
886:
Erosion/shifting and sometimes burial or exposure (from shifting)
855:
794:
790:
770:
722:
658:
552:
501:
243:
145:
133:
5771:"Mystery of world's tallest sand dunes solved"—24 November 2004—
4774:"Barrier island bistability induced by biophysical interactions"
2149:
Herring Cove, Race Point and The Province Lands bicycle path in
116:
in the lee side. The valley or trough between dunes is called a
7397:
7392:
6927:
6907:
6862:
6847:
6705:
6459:
6406:
6401:
5836:: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co. p. 119.
5833:
4928:
3266:
3083:
2506:
2473:
2327:
2169:
2108:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2015:
1925:
1912:
1887:
1817:
1784:
1593:
1334:
1144:. Planting dunes with vegetation also helps to stabilise them.
997:
981:
548:
493:, and in parts of the western United States, especially Texas.
440:
379:
The average-direction-longitudinal model of seif dune formation
327:
265:
137:
572:
destroyed when the wind next blows in the dominant direction.
7941:
7707:
7278:
7241:
7000:
6902:
6852:
6837:
6827:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6730:
6725:
6675:
4413:. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press.
3394:
3305:
3211:
3181:
3172:
3143:
3134:
3115:
3111:
2618:
2599:
2447:— a sand dunes that allows off-road vehicle use located near
2426:
2034:
1960:
1864:
1794:
1760:
1673:
1639:
1622:
1555:
1542:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1439:
1287:
1038:
flow, and thus an indication of the source of the sediments.
1023:
980:, occasional storm runoff transports dissolved limestone and
859:
786:
778:
754:
424:
360:
281:
269:
152:
141:
6049:
Dune Worlds: How Wind-blown Sand Shapes Planetary Landscapes
3956:
F. J. Pettijohn; P. E. Potter; R. Siever (6 December 2012).
1152:
7585:
7523:
7412:
7402:
7377:
6887:
6817:
6760:
6046:
5956:
The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place
3331:
2797:
2589:
2576:
2257:
1719:
1658:
1648:
1532:
1522:
1390:
1377:
1360:
820:, reeds, and rushes. As for vertebrates in European dunes,
643:
Newborough Dune Rejuvenation, Wales; video of work done by
522:
480:
Fixed crescentic dunes that form on the leeward margins of
460:, particularly near topographic barriers. In the southeast
253:
83:
5953:
Lynch, Tom; Glotfelty, Cheryll; Armbruster, Karla (2012).
4593:"Vegetation controls on the maximum size of coastal dunes"
4224:
Warren, A. (December 1971). "Dunes in the Tenere Desert".
4122:(2. impr. ed.). London: UCL Press. pp. 395–396.
3589:. Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano. 2010. Archived from
3110:, a Mediterranean dune area on the southwest coast of the
1022:
such as rivers and estuaries, and also form in engineered
163:, had to be relocated in the 1890s because of dune drift.
6892:
6695:
6487:
4684:
1356:
704:
685:
introduction of invasive species. Plant species, such as
668:
Over the course of time coastal dunes may be impacted by
156:
5952:
5828:
Touponce, William F. (1988). "Intellectual Background".
4890:
10.1130/0091-7613(1976)4<277:EOHEOB>2.0.CO;2
3962:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 346–.
765:
as more sand is blown over the grasses. The grasses add
6127:
3935:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 97–.
220:
gives the speed at which particles can be transported.
5416:
5168:
264:
Some types of crescentic dunes move more quickly over
256:. Dominant wind direction would be from left to right.
4772:
Durán Vinent, Orencio; Moore, Laura (February 2015).
4161:(2. impr. ed.). London: UCL Press. p. 395.
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
2865:
World's tallest stationary dunes and highest in Asia
4542:
3701:(Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1107:, where sand particles skip along the ground like a
725:, brought in by storm waves adds nutrients to allow
367:. The distance between each dune is 1.5–2.5 km.
4649:
4411:
Coasts: an introduction to systematic geomorphology
3949:
1209:, Namibia. Note the trees being engulfed for scale.
926:-not a dune plant but deals with similar pressures)
812:and dunes which have high humus content are called
6198:. Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. Archived from
5553:Mann, D. H.; Heiser, P. A.; Finney, B. P. (2002).
4373:
4371:
3988:
3822:
3726:(2d ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 288–302.
827:
4771:
4377:
4339:
4157:Goudie, Ron Cooke; Andrew Warren; Andrew (1996).
4118:Goudie, Ron Cooke; Andrew Warren; Andrew (1996).
7998:
6066:Anthony J. Parsons, A. D. Abrahams, ed. (2009).
5552:
4059:
3855:"Artificial Sand Dunes and Dunes Rehabilitation"
3760:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English
3556:. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality.
1805:, vast area of sand dunes in the Burgas Province
912:Prostrate growth form to avoid wind/salt spray (
5304:
5243:
5008:"Hottentot Fig Removal & Control | IWS Ltd"
4902:
4597:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4368:
276:, and similar speeds have been recorded in the
5125:
5080:
4903:Charbonneau, B; Wnek, JP (24 September 2018).
4825:Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
4818:
4584:
4266:
3715:
2899:Isaouane-n-Tifernine Sand Sea, Algerian Sahara
7851:
7484:
6634:
6259:
2841:Highest in Peru, second highest in the world
1690:, used as an arena for drag motor sports and
1606:Sunset view dunes in the Alankuda village on
300:
5916:
5391:
4819:Goldstein, Evan B.; Moore, Laura J. (2016).
4378:Sloss, C. R.; Shepherd, M.; Hesp, P (2012).
4300:
4298:
4181:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4142:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
3749:
931:Ambrosia/Abronia spp., Calystegia soldanella
6590:List of rivers that have reversed direction
5699:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4949:
4432:Goldsmith, Victor (1978). "Coastal Dunes".
3928:
3824:"Dutch construct dunes against rising seas"
3697:Allaby, Michael, ed. (2008). "Dune slack".
3156:Australia, largest sand island in the world
2968:Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
1220:trees and bushes scattered on dunes in the
510:Sometimes these dunes are called U-shaped,
128:, and in other areas where poorly cemented
7858:
7844:
7491:
7477:
6641:
6627:
6266:
6252:
6023:The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes
5821:
4590:
3922:
3799:
3699:A dictionary of geology and earth sciences
2711:sand dunes in Western Australia, Australia
1820:, is the largest known sand dune in Europe
729:to colonize the dune. For example, in the
323:The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes
6141:
5581:
5454:"Sand Dune · 3PF5+CXG, Etalai, Sri Lanka"
5318:
5257:
5182:
5094:
5025:
4844:
4626:
4616:
4560:
4431:
4304:
4295:
4042:
4025:
3886:The intercolonial telegraph line at Eucla
3820:
3745:
3743:
3721:
3311:
2174:The Athabasca Sand Dunes, located in the
597:well-represented in the geological record
252:Isolated barchan dunes on the surface of
6084:
5827:
5716:"Alaska sand dunes hint at ancient past"
4458:
3497:
3473:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "Dune ".
3315:
3047:
2722:
2629:
2484:
2129:
2119:
1783:
1771:
1754:
1583:
1227:
1212:
1196:
1151:
1052:
955:
843:
831:
632:
624:
581:
562:
500:
247:
237:
180:
57:
45:
6017:
5922:
5458:Sand Dune · 3PF5+CXG, Etalai, Sri Lanka
4494:International Journal of Biometeorology
4491:
3982:
3787:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3623:
3611:
3472:
3466:
3365:. The environment of the desert planet
2885:Hottest place on Earth (Gandom Beryan)
2634:Coastal dunes at Stockton Beach in the
789:to the soil and is usually replaced by
536:the most consistent in wind direction.
14:
7999:
7865:
7498:
6232:Dune pattern identification, U.S. Army
6222:Loibor Seder Kenya's Biggest Sand Dune
6047:Ralph Lorenz; James Zimbelman (2014).
5885:
5713:
5673:
5221:Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996,
5171:Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
4867:
4719:
4223:
4156:
4117:
3860:. UNET DTU Partnership. 14 June 2018.
3740:
3696:
3563:from the original on 20 September 2017
3245:Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
3013:Oasis, Taklamakan Desert, Gansu, China
2264:Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
1482:The Selima Sand Sheet in northwestern
1065:(consolidated) sand dune is a type of
705:Ecological succession on coastal dunes
228:
7839:
7472:
6648:
6622:
6247:
5434:from the original on 18 November 2009
5062:. United States National Park Service
5031:
4043:Mangimeli, John (10 September 2007).
3867:from the original on 17 November 2019
3226:Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area
2409:Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area
1776:50 m (160 ft) tall dune in
6273:
6238:The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
6068:Geomorphology of Desert Environments
5201:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.10.017
4464:
4408:
3835:from the original on 11 January 2022
3821:Rijckaert, Alix (20 November 2009).
3349:appearing as early as the 1956 film
3326:List of extraterrestrial dune fields
3067:Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park
3061:(coastal dunes featuring succession)
3041:
2176:Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park
1727:, red dune complex in southern India
1142:United Nations Environment Programme
1003:
505:Schematic of coastal parabolic dunes
94:. A large dune complex is called a
7777:The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis
5726:from the original on 7 October 2022
5546:
4068:Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms
1901:, now mostly forested dunes, Poland
897:Deep taproot to reach water table (
781:. These too are adapted to the low
291:
24:
7337:Integrated coastal zone management
6130:Land Degradation & Development
6085:Pye, Kenneth; Tsoar, Haim (2009).
6040:
5891:
5856:
5046:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1985.tb00359.x
4013:from the original on 14 March 2012
3932:Sedimentology: Process and Product
2111:, Big Parabel Dune and dune system
1759:Fronting the Mediterranean Sea in
1092:
1048:
936:Pale leaves to reduce insolation (
904:Shallow but extensive root systems
602:
558:
82:composed of wind- or water-driven
25:
8038:
6215:
5746:"Tallest Sand Dunes in the World"
5714:Rozell, Ned (22 September 2022).
3334:and in the equatorial regions of
2858:, Alashan Plain, Inner Mongolia,
2739:Height from Sea Level feet/metres
2499:Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
2491:Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
2372:The Killpecker sand dunes of the
2310:Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
1993:São Jacinto Dunes Natural Reserve
193:helps sand accumulate into dunes.
7599:
7453:
7452:
6990:
6983:
6603:
6602:
5034:European Journal of Soil Science
4745:
4591:Durán, O.; Moore, L. J. (2013).
4576:
4434:Coastal Sedimentary Environments
2480:
2115:
2027:, Veluwe, Netherlands, 7 km
1333:in the southwesternmost part of
1156:Sand blowing off a crest in the
733:these pioneer species are often
620:
611:
547:. The term zibar comes from the
396:
384:
372:
348:
335:
223:
6299:Drainage system (geomorphology)
5977:
5946:
5850:
5803:
5785:
5764:
5738:
5707:
5667:
5636:
5605:
5521:
5496:
5471:
5446:
5424:"Alexandria Coastal Dunefields"
5385:
5373:from the original on 1 May 2018
5359:
5298:
5237:
5215:
5162:
5119:
5074:
5052:
5000:
4974:
4956:Maine Sea Grant College Program
4943:
4896:
4861:
4812:
4765:
4739:
4713:
4678:
4643:
4536:
4485:
4425:
4402:
4333:
4260:
4217:
4204:United States Geological Survey
4189:
4150:
4111:
4092:
4076:10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_460-2
3929:M.R. Leeder (6 December 2012).
3891:
3879:
3847:
3814:
3793:
3690:
2191:Mojave Trails National Monument
2041:Zuid-Kennemerland National Park
1346:, the southwesternmost part of
1147:
991:
951:
828:Coastal dune floral adaptations
439:conditions dominated by sparse
355:Large linear seif dunes in the
30:For the fiction franchise, see
7435:Region of freshwater influence
6309:Strahler number (stream order)
6025:. Courier Dover Publications.
5720:University of Alaska Fairbanks
5410:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.004
5337:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.164503
4707:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.004
4672:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.12.007
4380:"Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology"
4362:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.12.030
4047:. U.S.A. National Park Service
3800:McClelland, Mac (March 2015).
3722:Thornbury, William D. (1969).
3629:
3575:
3543:
3517:
3491:
2626:, urban dune in Iquique, Chile
2234:Great Sand Dunes National Park
1975:Northern Littoral Natural Park
1697:Gumuk Pasir Parangkusumo near
1258:Witsand Nature Reserve in the
1078:in the western United States.
870:Little available soil moisture
793:trees, which can tolerate low
13:
1:
8017:Coastal and oceanic landforms
7197:Large-scale coastal behaviour
7029:Beaches in estuaries and bays
6011:
5923:Michaud, Jon (12 July 2013).
5592:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00120-2
4720:Ronica, D (27 October 2008).
3531:. Field Studies Council. 2016
3254:Sandy Island Beach State Park
2705:in New South Wales, Australia
2683:in South Australia, Australia
2677:in South Australia, Australia
2671:in South Australia, Australia
2532:Medanos de Coro National Park
2353:Monahans Sandhills State Park
2254:Little Sahara Recreation Area
1246:Alexandria Coastal Dunefields
713:occurs. The conditions on an
590:, Namibia, is over 300m high.
5105:10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.065
4327:10.1016/0037-0738(88)90090-5
4289:10.1016/0037-0738(86)90078-3
3369:(also known as Dune) in the
2922:, Namibia / Near Walvis Bay
2736:Height from Base feet/metres
2031:Dunes of Texel National Park
2012:De Hoge Veluwe National Park
1788:Sand dunes of Lemnos, Greece
1763:, Valencian Community, Spain
1344:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
1312:Namib-Naukluft National Park
1207:Namib-Naukluft National Park
836:Sand dunes of Hyypänmäki in
496:
176:
7:
6176:"Summary: Dunes, Parabolic"
6087:Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes
5961:University of Georgia Press
5900:. SciFi.com. Archived from
4442:10.1007/978-1-4684-0056-4_5
3757:(1984). Sykes, J.B. (ed.).
3724:Principles of geomorphology
3400:
3160:Indiana Dunes National Park
2890:Average Highest Area Dunes
2278:Indiana Dunes National Park
2151:Provincetown, Massachusetts
1187:
964:, New Mexico, United States
475:
365:International Space Station
10:
8043:
7886:Coastal sediment transport
5562:Quaternary Science Reviews
5276:10.1103/PhysRevE.96.062906
5128:Journal of Fluid Mechanics
5012:Invasive Weed Solutions UK
4752:Smithsonian Marine Station
4384:Nature Education Knowledge
3498:Pavlovic, Noel B. (2005).
3323:
2641:
2512:Jericoacoara National Park
2345:, on the central coast of
2224:Death Valley National Park
2166:Kobuk Valley National Park
2159:Cape Cod National Seashore
2090:- Curonian Spit, Lithuania
1096:
1081:A slang term, used in the
1007:
301:Seif or longitudinal dunes
241:
29:
7976:
7955:
7914:
7873:
7807:
7757:D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
7700:
7608:
7597:
7506:
7448:
7350:
7317:
7122:
7082:
6999:
6981:
6656:
6598:
6547:
6511:
6478:
6450:
6332:
6281:
5894:"Classic Sci-Fi Reviews:
5148:10.1017/S0022112011000139
4479:10.1017/S0269727000010927
2973:Highest in North America
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2609:Valdivian Coastal Reserve
2384:Jockey's Ridge State Park
2244:White Sands National Park
1767:
1647:in the Central Desert of
1192:
974:White Sands National Park
962:White Sands National Park
753:compounds, and protected
198:
7142:Coastal biogeomorphology
6105:"Nouakchott, Mauritania"
5797:2 September 2009 at the
5060:"Geology of White Sands"
4562:10.5194/esurf-5-417-2017
4226:The Geographical Journal
4197:"USGS Landform Glossary"
3888:, accessed 1 April 2007.
3763:(7th ed.). Oxford:
3459:
3204:Morfa Harlech sand dunes
2714:Te Paki sand dunes near
2689:in Queensland, Australia
2681:Coffin Bay National Park
2489:White sand dunes in the
2419:Bruneau Dunes State Park
2399:Cape Henlopen State Park
2397:The Great Dune found in
2284:, on the south shore of
2220:Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes
2216:Eureka Valley Sand Dunes
2164:Great Kobuk Sand Dunes,
2155:US National Park Service
1749:Central Yakutian Lowland
1321:Chad Basin National Park
1182:Biodiversity Action Plan
577:
161:Eucla, Western Australia
6422:River channel migration
5779:26 October 2008 at the
5644:The South Shore Journal
5613:The South Shore Journal
5307:Physical Review Letters
4618:10.1073/pnas.1307580110
4045:"Geology of Sand Dunes"
3504:Encyclopedia of Chicago
2415:, on the Pacific Coast.
2363:Beaver Dunes State Park
2298:, on the east shore of
2292:Warren Dunes State Park
2270:, on the east shore of
1884:Słowiński National Park
1827:, in the south west of
1600:
1577:'s Shifting Sands near
1300:toward the border with
1282:, a desert part of the
1178:sand dune stabilization
938:Artemisia/Ambrosia spp.
808:Young dunes are called
805:for sand dune systems.
709:As a dune forms, plant
699:Point Reyes, California
645:Natural Resources Wales
467:
446:
7039:Coastal morphodynamics
6352:Bar (river morphology)
6109:NASA Earth Observatory
5865:. Culturevulture.net (
4549:Earth Surface Dynamics
4007:U.S. Geological Survey
3321:
3312:Extraterrestrial dunes
3059:
2638:
2494:
2445:Silver Lake State Park
2343:Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes
2141:
2135:Cadiz Dunes Wilderness
2127:
2125:Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes
1789:
1781:
1764:
1597:
1270:De Hoop Nature Reserve
1241:
1225:
1210:
1165:
1058:
965:
862:
841:
824:sometimes breed here.
648:
630:
591:
568:
506:
316:Formation is debated.
257:
194:
136:processes) on sand or
71:
70:, United Arab Emirates
55:
37:. For other uses, see
7591:Widmanstätten pattern
7430:Physical oceanography
6534:Erosion and tectonics
6529:Degradation (geology)
5815:28 April 2007 at the
5792:Big Mama highest dune
5601:on 19 September 2015.
5428:UNESCO World Heritage
4925:10.31223/osf.io/ntjsc
4778:Nature Climate Change
4722:"How sand dunes work"
3379:in turn inspired the
3319:
3051:
2953:Highest in Australia
2775:Highest in the world
2723:World's highest dunes
2675:Lincoln National Park
2669:Coorong National Park
2633:
2566:Buenos Aires Province
2488:
2470:Nogahabara Sand Dunes
2432:Hoffmaster State Park
2133:
2123:
1787:
1775:
1758:
1587:
1508:The coastal dunes of
1329:The coastal dunes of
1231:
1216:
1200:
1155:
1056:
959:
853:
835:
642:
628:
585:
566:
504:
251:
238:Barchan or crescentic
189:). This exacerbating
184:
61:
49:
39:Dune (disambiguation)
7259:Submergent coastline
7212:Marine transgression
7167:Discordant coastline
7152:Concordant coastline
6555:Deposition (geology)
6282:Large-scale features
6115:on 30 September 2006
5624:on 13 September 2012
4846:10.1002/2015JF003783
4798:10.1038/nclimate2474
4436:. pp. 171–235.
4159:Desert geomorphology
4120:Desert geomorphology
3280:North Denmark Region
3108:Circeo National Park
2761:Bolsón de Fiambalá,
2751:Duna Federico Kirbus
2624:Cerro Dragón (Chile)
2549:Duna Federico Kirbus
1948:North Denmark Region
1905:Sand dunes of Lemnos
1688:United Arab Emirates
1657:in the Southeast of
1422:Grand Erg Occidental
960:Gypsum dune fields,
945:Ambrosia chamissonis
854:Sea dune erosion at
7825:Mathematics and art
7815:Pattern recognition
7785:Aristid Lindenmayer
7363:Coastal engineering
6152:2008LDeDe..19..676B
5985:"Star Wars is Dune"
5649:"Account Suspended"
5618:"Account Suspended"
5574:2002QSRv...21..709M
5402:2012Geomo.145...45G
5329:2018PhRvL.121p4503A
5268:2017PhRvE..96f2906A
5224:Sedimentary Geology
5193:2016ETFS...71...95C
5140:2011JFM...675..199F
4917:2018EaArX....NTJSCC
4882:1976Geo.....4..277M
4837:2016JGRF..121..964G
4790:2015NatCC...5..158D
4699:2008Geomo..95..295C
4664:2008Geomo.100..223H
4609:2013PNAS..11017217D
4603:(43): 17217–17222.
4506:1977IJBm...21..203G
4354:2017Geomo.283...41J
4319:1988SedG...55...69L
4307:Sedimentary Geology
4281:1986SedG...48....1N
4269:Sedimentary Geology
4238:1971GeogJ.137..458W
4009:. 29 October 1997.
3909:Dictionary.com, LLC
3802:"Slip Sliding Away"
3475:Glossary of geology
3187:Murlough Sand Dunes
3121:Cronulla sand dunes
3053:Sleeping Bear Dunes
2993:, Aquitaine, France
2856:Badain Jaran Desert
2846:Badain Jaran Dunes
2814: /
2729:
2693:Cronulla sand dunes
2337:Brawley, California
1608:Kalpitiya peninsula
1268:The white dunes of
1127:, falling down the
875:soil organic matter
462:Badain Jaran Desert
229:Aeolian dune shapes
148:, and the sea-bed.
50:Dune fields in the
7867:Sediment transport
7763:On Growth and Form
7663:Logarithmic spiral
7500:Patterns in nature
7332:Coastal management
7172:Emergent coastline
6843:Intertidal wetland
6746:Continental margin
6585:Sediment transport
6539:River rejuvenation
6512:Regional processes
6227:Coastal Sand Dunes
6182:on 21 October 2010
5892:Hladik, Tamara I.
5396:. 145–146: 45–55.
4962:on 5 December 2018
4952:"Seasonal changes"
4909:Eartharxiv ePrints
4514:10.1007/BF01552874
4409:Bird, ECF (1976).
3959:Sand and Sandstone
3899:"Dune—Define Dune"
3322:
3302:Ynyslas Sand Dunes
3258:Richland, New York
3230:North Bend, Oregon
3060:
2996:Highest in Europe
2918:Sossusvlei Dunes,
2902:Highest in Africa
2767:Catamarca Province
2727:
2652:Northern Territory
2650:sand dunes in the
2639:
2594:Cerro Medanoso in
2553:Catamarca Province
2514:, in the state of
2495:
2493:, Maranhão, Brazil
2463:Grey Cloud Dunes-
2322:, in the state of
2142:
2128:
1957:Dunes of Corrubedo
1790:
1782:
1765:
1668:Sand Dunes in the
1636:Tottori Prefecture
1632:Tottori Sand Dunes
1598:
1548:Grand Erg de Bilma
1541:, in southeastern
1409:Grand Erg Oriental
1331:Iona National Park
1294:Danakil Depression
1242:
1226:
1211:
1174:endangered species
1166:
1076:Zion National Park
1059:
966:
916:., Beach Primrose)
863:
842:
803:climax communities
694:Ammophila arenaria
688:Carpobrotus edulis
649:
631:
592:
569:
507:
454:Grand Erg Oriental
258:
195:
72:
62:Sand dunes of the
56:
8022:Coastal geography
8012:Aeolian landforms
7994:
7993:
7906:Bed material load
7891:Fluvial processes
7833:
7832:
7790:Benoît Mandelbrot
7690:Self-organization
7626:Natural selection
7616:Pattern formation
7466:
7465:
7294:Wave-cut platform
7207:Marine regression
6751:Continental shelf
6741:Coastal waterfall
6650:Coastal geography
6616:
6615:
6417:River bifurcation
6096:978-3-540-85909-3
6077:978-1-4020-5718-2
6058:978-3-540-89724-8
6032:978-0-486-14119-0
5995:on 8 October 2006
5869:). Archived from
5843:978-0-8057-7514-3
5752:. 9 December 2020
5655:on 1 January 2016
5246:Physical Review E
5083:Powder Technology
4988:. 6 February 2018
4950:Maine Sea Grant.
4451:978-1-4684-0058-8
4168:978-1-85728-017-3
4129:978-1-85728-017-3
4085:978-1-4614-9213-9
4070:. pp. 1–11.
3969:978-1-4615-9974-6
3942:978-94-009-5986-6
3774:978-0-19-861132-5
3614:, "Dune complex".
3583:"The dune system"
3529:Biology fieldwork
3423:List of landforms
3413:Devil's stovepipe
3320:Sand dune on Mars
3276:Thy National Park
3217:Newborough Warren
3042:Sand dune systems
3039:
3038:
3035:Highest in Chile
2870:Rig-e Yalan Dune
2830:Cerro Blanco Dune
2819:14.868°S 74.838°W
2636:City of Newcastle
2534:near the town of
2306:Grand Sable Dunes
2057:Ammothines Lemnou
2001:Rëra e Hedhur in
1944:Thy National Park
1909:Lesbos Prefecture
1899:Starczynów Desert
1825:Dunes of Piscinas
1732:Taklamakan Desert
1730:The dunes of the
1617:The dunes in the
1539:Tin Toumma Desert
1529:Mourdi Depression
1527:The dunes of the
1498:The dunes of the
1488:The dunes of the
1476:and southwestern
1292:The dunes of the
1284:Great Rift Valley
1278:The dunes of the
1232:Sand dune in the
1224:in Namibia (2017)
1205:, in the greater
1180:. In the U.K., a
1164:, California, USA
1004:Sub-aqueous dunes
976:in south-central
924:Monterrey Cypress
899:Pink Sand Verbena
873:Little available
851:
670:tropical cyclones
640:
286:Taklamakan Desert
52:Australian desert
16:(Redirected from
8034:
7881:Armored mud ball
7860:
7853:
7846:
7837:
7836:
7641:Sexual selection
7603:
7493:
7486:
7479:
7470:
7469:
7456:
7455:
7217:Raised shoreline
7192:Ingression coast
7187:Graded shoreline
7162:Cuspate foreland
6994:
6987:
6938:Submarine canyon
6798:Freshwater marsh
6643:
6636:
6629:
6620:
6619:
6606:
6605:
6347:Avulsion (river)
6275:River morphology
6268:
6261:
6254:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6171:
6145:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6111:. Archived from
6100:
6081:
6062:
6036:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5991:. Archived from
5981:
5975:
5974:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5904:on 20 April 2008
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5867:Internet Archive
5861:Forbidden Planet
5854:
5848:
5847:
5825:
5819:
5807:
5801:
5789:
5783:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5711:
5705:
5704:
5698:
5690:
5688:
5686:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5651:. Archived from
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5620:. Archived from
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5594:. Archived from
5585:
5559:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5322:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5261:
5241:
5235:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5186:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5098:
5089:(1–2): 247–251.
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4958:. Archived from
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4927:. Archived from
4900:
4894:
4893:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4848:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4693:(3–4): 295–315.
4682:
4676:
4675:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4630:
4620:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4564:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4201:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4180:
4172:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4141:
4133:
4115:
4109:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4040:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4003:"Types of Dunes"
3999:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3826:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3593:on 25 March 2023
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3470:
3352:Forbidden Planet
3298:, Devon, England
3199:Northern Ireland
3080:Ashdod Sand Dune
2907:Big Daddy/Dune 7
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:-14.868; -74.838
2820:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2730:
2726:
2571:Cerro Blanco in
2501:in the state of
2413:Florence, Oregon
2376:in southwestern
2367:Beaver, Oklahoma
2320:Samalayuca Dunes
1935:Northern Jutland
1712:Mui Ne, Vietnam.
1531:in northeastern
1502:in northwestern
1472:in southeastern
1462:in southeastern
1460:Rebiana Sand Sea
1438:in southwestern
1411:in northeastern
1385:in southwestern
1372:in southeastern
1286:in northwestern
889:Tidal influences
877:/nutrients/water
852:
822:natterjack toads
717:are harsh, with
641:
400:
388:
376:
363:, seen from the
352:
339:
292:Transverse dunes
274:Ningxia Province
21:
8042:
8041:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8031:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7972:
7951:
7927:Glacial outwash
7910:
7869:
7864:
7834:
7829:
7803:
7696:
7604:
7595:
7502:
7497:
7467:
7462:
7444:
7420:Intertidal zone
7346:
7313:
7202:Longshore drift
7147:Coastal erosion
7118:
7078:
7014:Beach evolution
6995:
6989:
6988:
6979:
6666:Anchialine pool
6652:
6647:
6617:
6612:
6594:
6575:Helicoidal flow
6543:
6507:
6474:
6446:
6362:Channel pattern
6334:Alluvial rivers
6328:
6324:River sinuosity
6277:
6272:
6236:
6218:
6205:
6203:
6202:on 25 July 2011
6194:
6185:
6183:
6174:
6160:10.1002/ldr.864
6118:
6116:
6103:
6097:
6078:
6059:
6043:
6041:Further reading
6033:
6014:
6009:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5971:
5963:. p. 230.
5951:
5947:
5937:
5935:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5855:
5851:
5844:
5826:
5822:
5817:Wayback Machine
5808:
5804:
5799:Wayback Machine
5790:
5786:
5781:Wayback Machine
5769:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5712:
5708:
5692:
5691:
5684:
5682:
5672:
5668:
5658:
5656:
5647:
5641:
5637:
5627:
5625:
5616:
5610:
5606:
5598:
5583:10.1.1.419.8948
5557:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5462:
5460:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5437:
5435:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5303:
5299:
5242:
5238:
5220:
5216:
5167:
5163:
5124:
5120:
5079:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4948:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4931:on 30 July 2020
4901:
4897:
4866:
4862:
4817:
4813:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4748:"Dune Habitats"
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4718:
4714:
4683:
4679:
4658:(3–4): 223–40.
4648:
4644:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4541:
4537:
4490:
4486:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4430:
4426:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4376:
4369:
4338:
4334:
4303:
4296:
4265:
4261:
4246:10.2307/1797141
4222:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4155:
4151:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4116:
4112:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4026:
4016:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3819:
3815:
3798:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3765:Clarendon Press
3748:
3741:
3734:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3695:
3691:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3637:"Erg Landforms"
3635:
3634:
3630:
3626:, "Dune field".
3622:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3506:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3403:
3328:
3314:
3131:Crymlyn Burrows
3044:
3001:Ming-Sha Dunes
2970:, Colorado, USA
2908:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2725:
2697:New South Wales
2660:South Australia
2644:
2615:Dunas de Concón
2483:
2459:Carcross, Yukon
2455:Carcross Desert
2449:Mears, Michigan
2403:Lewes, Delaware
2333:Algodones Dunes
2153:as part of the
2118:
2088:Vecekrugas Dune
1871:Winterton Dunes
1861:Gower Peninsula
1835:Sands of Forvie
1812:, not far from
1770:
1740:Northwest China
1672:, particularly
1603:
1510:Bazaruto Island
1376:extending into
1355:in the city of
1310:in the greater
1296:, northeastern
1260:Kalahari Desert
1222:Kalahari Desert
1195:
1190:
1150:
1101:
1099:Desertification
1095:
1093:Desertification
1051:
1049:Lithified dunes
1012:
1006:
994:
954:
844:
830:
727:pioneer species
707:
633:
623:
614:
605:
603:Dune complexity
580:
561:
559:Reversing dunes
499:
478:
470:
449:
427:hills known as
408:
401:
392:
389:
380:
377:
368:
353:
344:
340:
303:
294:
246:
240:
231:
226:
218:Bagnold formula
213:(or slipface).
179:
126:glacial outwash
66:to the east of
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8040:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7988:
7982:
7980:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7901:Suspended load
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7863:
7862:
7855:
7848:
7840:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7787:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7754:
7752:Wilson Bentley
7749:
7747:Joseph Plateau
7744:
7739:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7685:Plateau's laws
7682:
7680:Fluid dynamics
7677:
7667:
7666:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7618:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7503:
7496:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7473:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7354:
7352:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7323:
7321:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6711:Brackish marsh
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6691:Barrier island
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6662:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6646:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6623:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6580:Playfair's law
6577:
6572:
6567:
6565:Exner equation
6562:
6557:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6503:Current ripple
6500:
6495:
6490:
6484:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6432:Slip-off slope
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6382:Meander cutoff
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6294:Drainage basin
6291:
6289:Alluvial plain
6285:
6283:
6279:
6278:
6271:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6217:
6216:External links
6214:
6213:
6212:
6192:
6172:
6136:(6): 676–691.
6125:
6101:
6095:
6082:
6076:
6063:
6057:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6031:
6019:Bagnold, Ralph
6013:
6010:
6007:
6006:
5976:
5969:
5945:
5933:The New Yorker
5915:
5884:
5849:
5842:
5820:
5802:
5784:
5763:
5737:
5706:
5666:
5635:
5604:
5568:(4): 709–731.
5545:
5520:
5495:
5470:
5445:
5415:
5384:
5358:
5313:(16): 164503.
5297:
5236:
5214:
5161:
5118:
5073:
5051:
5040:(4): 571–584.
5024:
4999:
4973:
4942:
4895:
4860:
4831:(5): 964–977.
4811:
4784:(2): 158–162.
4764:
4738:
4712:
4677:
4642:
4583:
4555:(3): 417–427.
4535:
4500:(3): 203–216.
4484:
4457:
4450:
4424:
4401:
4367:
4332:
4313:(1–2): 69–89.
4294:
4259:
4232:(4): 458–461.
4216:
4188:
4167:
4149:
4128:
4110:
4091:
4084:
4058:
4024:
3987:
3975:
3968:
3948:
3941:
3921:
3904:Dictionary.com
3890:
3878:
3846:
3813:
3792:
3780:
3773:
3739:
3732:
3714:
3707:
3689:
3687:, "Slip face".
3677:
3665:
3653:
3641:WorldLandForms
3628:
3616:
3604:
3574:
3551:"Dune systems"
3542:
3516:
3490:
3483:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3359:'s 1965 novel
3347:Desert planets
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3251:
3242:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3201:
3184:
3178:Margam burrows
3175:
3169:Kenfig Burrows
3166:
3157:
3147:
3140:Dawlish Warren
3137:
3128:
3118:
3105:
3096:
3093:Northumberland
3089:Bamburgh Dunes
3086:
3077:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:Atacama Desert
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:Medanoso Dune
3017:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2944:Moreton Island
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:Mount Tempest
2931:
2930:
2927:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:, Kerman, Iran
2877:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2790:Nazca Province
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2703:Stockton Beach
2700:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2648:Simpson Desert
2643:
2640:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2612:
2602:
2596:Atacama Region
2592:
2579:
2573:Nazca Province
2569:
2559:
2546:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2442:
2429:
2416:
2406:
2395:
2392:North Carolina
2381:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2317:
2303:
2289:
2275:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2213:
2198:
2183:
2172:
2162:
2147:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2067:
2054:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2025:Kootwijkerzand
2022:
2009:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1896:
1893:Siedlec Desert
1890:
1881:
1868:
1850:
1832:
1821:
1806:
1795:Dunes of Dyuni
1778:Salir do Porto
1769:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1710:
1695:
1677:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1629:
1615:
1602:
1599:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1558:
1554:, in northern
1545:
1535:
1525:
1519:Erg du Djourab
1516:
1506:
1500:Lompoul Desert
1496:
1486:
1480:
1470:Great Sand Sea
1466:
1456:
1450:Canary Islands
1442:
1428:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1350:
1337:
1327:
1318:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1149:
1146:
1097:Main article:
1094:
1091:
1050:
1047:
1008:Main article:
1005:
1002:
993:
990:
953:
950:
949:
948:
941:
934:
927:
917:
910:
905:
902:
891:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
871:
829:
826:
739:sea wort grass
731:United Kingdom
706:
703:
622:
619:
613:
610:
604:
601:
579:
576:
560:
557:
498:
495:
477:
474:
469:
466:
448:
445:
410:
409:
402:
395:
393:
390:
383:
381:
378:
371:
369:
357:Great Sand Sea
354:
347:
345:
341:
334:
302:
299:
293:
290:
278:Western Desert
242:Main article:
239:
236:
230:
227:
225:
222:
178:
175:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8039:
8028:
8027:Sedimentology
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8002:
7987:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7954:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7932:Braided river
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7922:Glacial flour
7920:
7919:
7917:
7913:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7861:
7856:
7854:
7849:
7847:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7798:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7772:
7769:
7765:
7764:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:Ernst Haeckel
7740:
7738:
7737:Adolf Zeising
7735:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7699:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7602:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7581:Vortex street
7579:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7559:Quasicrystals
7557:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7494:
7489:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7459:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7425:Littoral zone
7423:
7421:
7418:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7358:Bulkhead line
7356:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7320:
7316:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7299:Wave shoaling
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7274:Surge channel
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7137:Cliffed coast
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7064:Shingle beach
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6986:
6976:
6975:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6736:Coastal plain
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6609:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6560:Water erosion
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6452:Bedrock river
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6412:Riparian zone
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6357:Braided river
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6264:
6262:
6257:
6255:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6126:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6079:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6060:
6054:
6050:
6045:
6044:
6034:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6015:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5972:
5970:9780820343679
5966:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5934:
5930:
5928:
5919:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5888:
5873:on 7 May 2006
5872:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5857:Wright, Les.
5853:
5845:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5830:Frank Herbert
5824:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5773:New Scientist
5767:
5751:
5750:Surf the Sand
5747:
5741:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5702:
5696:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5484:
5480:
5474:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5394:Geomorphology
5388:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5252:(6): 062906.
5251:
5247:
5240:
5234:
5233:0-7167-2726-9
5230:
5227:, pg. 45–49,
5226:
5225:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5077:
5061:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4876:(5): 277–80.
4875:
4871:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4727:
4726:HowStuffWorks
4723:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4687:Geomorphology
4681:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4652:Geomorphology
4646:
4638:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4372:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4342:Geomorphology
4336:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4275:(1–2): 1–15.
4274:
4270:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4184:
4178:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4139:
4131:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4108:
4107:1 877058 32 7
4104:
4100:
4099:Twidale, C.R.
4095:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3925:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3894:
3887:
3882:
3863:
3856:
3850:
3834:
3830:
3829:The Telegraph
3825:
3817:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3708:9780199653065
3704:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3681:
3675:, "Sand sea".
3674:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3625:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3505:
3501:
3500:"Dune system"
3494:
3486:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3357:Frank Herbert
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3235:Penhale Sands
3233:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:Fraser Island
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:Bradley Beach
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2896:≈6,500/1,980?
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2780:Cerro Blanco
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2731:
2718:, New Zealand
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:Fraser Island
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2481:South America
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:Owyhee Desert
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:Odessa, Texas
2354:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:Lake Michigan
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:Lake Michigan
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:Lake Michigan
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2206:Mojave Desert
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2116:North America
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:Oleshky Sands
2094:
2089:
2085:
2084:Parnidis Dune
2082:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:Curonian Spit
2069:Dunes of the
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:, Netherlands
2052:
2049:
2047:, Netherlands
2046:
2045:North Holland
2042:
2039:
2037:, Netherlands
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:Dune of Salir
1982:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:Cresmina Dune
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1843:Aberdeenshire
1840:
1839:Ythan Estuary
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:Dune of Pilat
1807:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:in southwest
1733:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1579:Olduvai Gorge
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:The dunes of
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:The dunes of
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:Bayuda Desert
1487:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:dunes in the
1447:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:Idehan Murzuq
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:and southern
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:and northern
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:The dunes of
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Suguta Valley
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:Libyan Desert
1230:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1162:Mojave Desert
1159:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:. In a major
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:bouncing ball
1106:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:Sub-aqueous (
1011:
1001:
999:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:, such as at
971:
963:
958:
946:
942:
939:
935:
932:
928:
925:
922:growth form (
921:
918:
915:
911:
909:
906:
903:
900:
896:
895:
894:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
868:
867:
861:
857:
839:
834:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:transpiration
756:
752:
749:that produce
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
702:
700:
696:
695:
690:
689:
682:
678:
676:
671:
666:
662:
660:
655:
654:onshore winds
646:
627:
621:Coastal dunes
618:
612:Dune movement
609:
600:
598:
589:
586:Dune Nine in
584:
575:
573:
565:
556:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
524:
519:
515:
513:
503:
494:
492:
488:
483:
473:
465:
463:
459:
455:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
418:Rub' al Khali
416:, called the
415:
406:
405:cross-bedding
399:
394:
387:
382:
375:
370:
366:
362:
359:in southwest
358:
351:
346:
338:
333:
332:
331:
329:
325:
324:
319:
318:Ralph Bagnold
314:
310:
308:
298:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
255:
250:
245:
235:
224:Aeolian dunes
221:
219:
214:
212:
208:
202:
200:
192:
191:feedback loop
188:
183:
174:
172:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:
65:
64:Empty Quarter
60:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
34:
19:
7985:
7794:
7775:
7761:
7727:
7653:Chaos theory
7576:Tessellation
7518:
7289:Volcanic arc
7177:Feeder bluff
7084:River mouths
7049:Raised beach
7044:Pocket beach
6972:
6943:Tidal island
6933:Strand plain
6878:Natural arch
6765:
6497:
6314:River valley
6204:. Retrieved
6200:the original
6184:. Retrieved
6180:the original
6133:
6129:
6117:. Retrieved
6113:the original
6089:. Springer.
6086:
6070:. Springer.
6067:
6051:. Springer.
6048:
6022:
5997:. Retrieved
5993:the original
5989:D. A. Houdek
5988:
5979:
5955:
5948:
5936:. Retrieved
5932:
5926:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5902:the original
5895:
5887:
5875:. Retrieved
5871:the original
5860:
5852:
5829:
5823:
5805:
5787:
5772:
5766:
5754:. Retrieved
5749:
5740:
5728:. Retrieved
5719:
5709:
5683:. Retrieved
5679:
5669:
5657:. Retrieved
5653:the original
5643:
5638:
5626:. Retrieved
5622:the original
5612:
5607:
5596:the original
5565:
5561:
5548:
5536:. Retrieved
5532:
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5507:
5498:
5486:. Retrieved
5482:
5473:
5461:. Retrieved
5457:
5448:
5436:. Retrieved
5418:
5393:
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5361:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5222:
5217:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5064:. Retrieved
5054:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5011:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4985:
4976:
4964:. Retrieved
4960:the original
4955:
4945:
4933:. Retrieved
4929:the original
4908:
4898:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4781:
4777:
4767:
4755:. Retrieved
4751:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4725:
4715:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4433:
4427:
4410:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4387:
4383:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4310:
4306:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4207:. Retrieved
4203:
4191:
4158:
4152:
4119:
4113:
4094:
4067:
4061:
4049:. Retrieved
4015:. Retrieved
3983:Jackson 1997
3978:
3958:
3951:
3931:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3902:
3893:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3828:
3816:
3805:
3795:
3788:Jackson 1997
3783:
3759:
3755:Fowler, F.G.
3751:Fowler, H.W.
3723:
3717:
3698:
3692:
3685:Jackson 1997
3680:
3673:Jackson 1997
3668:
3661:Jackson 1997
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3640:
3631:
3624:Jackson 1997
3619:
3612:Jackson 1997
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3591:the original
3587:Restoconlife
3586:
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3528:
3525:"Sand dunes"
3519:
3507:. Retrieved
3503:
3493:
3474:
3468:
3453:Strand plain
3448:Singing sand
3380:
3376:
3371:
3360:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3329:
3075:Saskatchewan
2979:Dune of Pyla
2964:≈8,950/2,730
2924:Namib Desert
2920:Namib Desert
2909:(Big Mama?)
2852:≈6,640/2,020
2786:≈6,791/2,080
2783:≈3,860/1,176
2758:≈9,334/2,845
2755:≈4,035/1,230
2562:Villa Gesell
2540:Falcón State
2180:Saskatchewan
1931:Råbjerg mile
1859:, is on the
1853:Oxwich Dunes
1716:Wahiba Sands
1699:Parangtritis
1692:Sandboarding
1666:Ilocos Norte
1570:Burkina Faso
1566:Sahel Region
1521:in northern
1492:in northern
1432:Idehan Ubari
1402:in southern
1359:in northern
1353:La Dune Rose
1323:in northern
1274:South Africa
1264:South Africa
1254:South Africa
1250:Eastern Cape
1238:Dakhla Oasis
1170:rare species
1167:
1148:Conservation
1133:
1102:
1083:southwest US
1080:
1072:Cross-bedded
1060:
1040:
1032:
1013:
1010:Ripple marks
995:
992:Nabkha dunes
970:closed basin
967:
952:Gypsum dunes
944:
937:
930:
913:
892:
864:
810:yellow dunes
807:
747:root nodules
735:marram grass
714:
708:
692:
686:
683:
679:
667:
663:
653:
650:
615:
606:
593:
574:
570:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
520:
516:
508:
479:
471:
450:
443:vegetation.
422:
411:
321:
315:
311:
306:
304:
295:
263:
259:
232:
215:
210:
203:
196:
170:
168:Middle Dutch
165:
150:
124:in areas of
122:
117:
113:
105:
99:
95:
92:dune complex
91:
87:
75:
73:
43:
32:
7771:Alan Turing
7729:Liber Abaci
7648:Mathematics
7554:in crystals
7544:Soap bubble
7539:Phyllotaxis
7440:River plume
7254:Steep coast
7227:Rocky shore
7222:Rip current
7102:River delta
7074:Wash margin
7069:Storm beach
7059:Shell beach
7024:Beach wrack
7019:Beach ridge
7009:Beach cusps
6958:Tied island
6948:Tidal marsh
6671:Archipelago
6519:Aggradation
6470:Plunge pool
6437:Stream pool
6427:River mouth
6319:River delta
5938:27 November
5680:www.nps.gov
5659:22 November
5533:www.nps.gov
5508:www.nps.gov
5483:www.nps.gov
5463:19 February
5134:: 199–222.
4473:: 181–201.
3288:Winterton,
3221:North Wales
3127:, Australia
3026:≈5446/1,660
3007:5,660/1,725
2961:>750/230
2950:, Australia
2860:Gobi Desert
2822: /
2716:Cape Reinga
2699:, Australia
2605:Colún Beach
2568:, Argentina
2472:in western
2388:Outer Banks
2202:Kelso Dunes
2187:Cadiz Dunes
2020:Netherlands
1920:Sand Dune,
1837:within the
1680:Moreeb Dune
1676:Sand Dunes.
1670:Philippines
1619:Thar Desert
1590:Afghanistan
1568:, northern
1424:in western
1400:Erg Chigaga
1365:Niger River
1340:Khawa dunes
1158:Kelso Dunes
1137:Sand fences
1117:sheet flows
914:Abronia spp
880:Harsh winds
818:yellow iris
801:are common
757:, reducing
743:water table
715:embryo dune
675:storm surge
491:West Africa
407:shown here.
88:dune system
35:(franchise)
8001:Categories
7963:Soil creep
7718:Empedocles
7713:Pythagoras
7631:Camouflage
7569:in biology
7564:in flowers
7534:Parastichy
7368:Grain size
7342:Submersion
7319:Management
7304:Wind fetch
7264:Surf break
7182:Flat coast
7112:regressive
6898:Salt marsh
6756:Coral reef
6570:Hack's law
6524:Base level
6465:Knickpoint
6392:Oxbow lake
6372:Floodplain
6012:References
5756:9 December
5438:11 January
5377:11 January
5320:1810.11074
5259:1712.07162
5184:1608.04792
5177:: 95–102.
5096:1608.07729
5066:20 January
4986:The Source
4966:4 December
4935:4 December
4757:4 December
4731:4 December
4419:B004750SVK
4394:15 January
4051:15 January
3871:15 January
3839:15 January
3790:, "Dune ".
3733:0471861979
3646:13 October
3597:15 January
3567:15 January
3535:15 January
3509:15 January
3484:0922152349
3324:See also:
3296:Woolacombe
3154:Queensland
3114:region of
3103:New Jersey
2958:Star Dune
2915:≈1,870/570
2893:1,410/430?
2880:Lut Desert
2876:≈3,117/950
2873:≈1,542/470
2849:≈1,640/500
2828: (
2809:74°50′17″W
2806:14°52′05″S
2794:Ica Region
2656:Queensland
2586:Ica Region
2582:Huacachina
2374:Red Desert
2347:California
2248:New Mexico
2228:California
2210:California
2195:California
2139:California
1780:, Portugal
1703:Yogyakarta
1684:Liwa Oasis
1645:Rig-e Jenn
1514:Mozambique
1396:Erg Chebbi
1374:Mauritania
1370:Erg Aoukar
1308:Sossusvlei
1240:at sunset.
1218:Camelthorn
1203:Sossusvlei
1201:A dune in
1125:avalanches
1121:dust storm
1035:wavelength
1016:underwater
978:New Mexico
883:Salt spray
814:grey dunes
791:coniferous
783:soil water
719:salt spray
711:succession
588:Sossusvlei
437:permafrost
118:dune slack
96:dune field
68:Liwa Oasis
18:Sand dunes
7968:Landslide
7956:Hillslope
7820:Emergence
7723:Fibonacci
7327:Accretion
7309:Wind wave
7269:Surf zone
7124:Processes
7097:Mouth bar
7054:Recession
7034:Beachrock
6953:Tide pool
6883:Peninsula
6771:cliff-top
6658:Landforms
6548:Mechanics
6397:Point bar
6387:Mouth bar
6342:Anabranch
6206:4 January
6186:6 October
6168:128961228
6143:0707.3234
6021:(2012) .
5999:1 October
5578:CiteSeerX
5367:"Ripples"
5209:119268350
4855:2169-9011
4806:1758-6798
4746:Hill, K.
4571:2196-6311
4522:0020-7128
4348:: 41–47.
4209:3 October
4177:cite book
4138:cite book
3985:, "Draa".
3443:Sand wave
3382:Star Wars
3374:franchise
3292:, England
3241:, England
3191:Newcastle
3146:, England
3095:, England
3023:≈1805/550
2926:, Namibia
2912:1,256/383
2771:Argentina
2664:Australia
2557:Argentina
2544:Venezuela
2465:Minnesota
2386:– on the
2324:Chihuahua
2308:, in the
2075:Lithuania
2051:Berkheide
1841:complex,
1707:Indonesia
1701:beach in
1655:Rig-e Lut
1612:Sri Lanka
1446:Corralejo
1383:Erg Chech
1363:near the
1248:, in the
1172:and some
1105:saltation
1067:sandstone
1063:lithified
920:Krummholz
840:, Finland
799:heathland
497:Parabolic
458:sand seas
211:slip face
207:saltation
187:saltation
177:Formation
146:estuaries
130:sandstone
114:slip face
106:sand seas
7896:Bed load
7549:Symmetry
7507:Patterns
7458:Category
7284:Undertow
7237:Sea foam
7232:Sea cave
7132:Blowhole
6974:Windwatt
6833:Headland
6681:Avulsion
6608:Category
6493:Antidune
6480:Bedforms
6367:Cut bank
6119:28 April
5929:Endures"
5908:20 April
5813:Archived
5795:Archived
5777:Archived
5724:Archived
5695:cite web
5685:21 April
5432:Archived
5371:Archived
5353:53231618
5345:30387641
5292:25558699
5284:29347350
5156:51792324
5113:93576651
4637:24101481
4530:85391018
4011:Archived
3862:Archived
3833:Archived
3663:, "Erg".
3558:Archived
3438:Sandhill
3428:Masseira
3418:Ice dune
3408:Antidune
3401:See also
3391:Geonosis
3387:Tatooine
3263:Studland
3249:Michigan
3239:Cornwall
3057:Michigan
3011:Dunhuang
2991:Arcachon
2986:≈699/130
2983:≈345/105
2948:Brisbane
2940:≈920/280
2937:≈920/280
2763:Fiambalá
2742:Location
2709:Lancelin
2611:in Chile
2528:, Brazil
2522:Genipabu
2518:, Brazil
2503:Maranhão
2440:Michigan
2436:Muskegon
2314:Michigan
2296:Michigan
2268:Michigan
2238:Colorado
2003:Shëngjin
1997:Portugal
1988:Portugal
1979:Portugal
1970:Portugal
1918:Akrotiri
1895:, Poland
1847:Scotland
1829:Sardinia
1814:Bordeaux
1803:Bulgaria
1751:, Russia
1745:Tukulans
1736:Xinjiang
1627:Pakistan
1575:Tanzania
1434:and the
1348:Botswana
1298:Ethiopia
1188:Examples
1129:slipface
1087:Old West
1043:flooding
1020:channels
986:selenite
908:Rhizomes
838:Hailuoto
767:nitrogen
763:foredune
751:nitrogen
487:southern
476:Lunettes
328:vortices
140:beds of
80:landform
7978:Aeolian
7947:Drumlin
7937:Moraine
7915:Glacial
7808:Related
7675:Crystal
7670:Physics
7658:Fractal
7636:Mimicry
7621:Biology
7529:Meander
7408:shingle
7388:granule
7373:boulder
7351:Related
7247:peresyp
7157:Current
7092:Debouch
7001:Beaches
6968:Waituna
6963:Tombolo
6873:Mudflat
6868:Machair
6858:Isthmus
6778:Estuary
6721:Channel
6442:Thalweg
6377:Meander
6304:Estuary
6148:Bibcode
5863:(1956)"
5730:27 July
5628:11 June
5570:Bibcode
5538:29 July
5513:29 July
5488:29 July
5398:Bibcode
5325:Bibcode
5264:Bibcode
5189:Bibcode
5136:Bibcode
4913:Bibcode
4878:Bibcode
4870:Geology
4833:Bibcode
4786:Bibcode
4695:Bibcode
4660:Bibcode
4628:3808624
4605:Bibcode
4502:Bibcode
4390:(10): 2
4350:Bibcode
4315:Bibcode
4277:Bibcode
4254:1797141
4234:Bibcode
4017:8 March
3807:Audubon
3433:Médanos
3367:Arrakis
3290:Norfolk
3284:Denmark
3271:England
3228:, near
3208:Gwynedd
3195:Co Down
3164:Indiana
3071:Alberta
3032:, Chile
2989:Bay of
2862:, China
2642:Oceania
2378:Wyoming
2282:Indiana
2204:in the
2189:in the
2157:of the
2146:planes.
2105:Ullahau
2100:Ukraine
2007:Albania
1952:Denmark
1939:Denmark
1922:Lemesos
1879:England
1875:Norfolk
1857:Swansea
1855:, near
1831:island.
1799:Pomorie
1797:, near
1747:of the
1564:in the
1550:in the
1504:Senegal
1426:Algeria
1417:Tunisia
1413:Algeria
1404:Morocco
1387:Algeria
1342:in the
1325:Nigeria
1316:Namibia
1302:Eritrea
1160:of the
1028:bedform
856:Talacre
795:soil pH
771:heather
723:seaweed
659:rhizome
553:Wyoming
512:blowout
433:ice age
423:Linear
244:barchan
134:fluvial
7701:People
7609:Causes
7398:pebble
7393:gravel
7383:cobble
6928:Strait
6908:Skerry
6863:Lagoon
6848:Island
6803:Fundus
6706:Bodden
6460:Canyon
6407:Rapids
6402:Riffle
6166:
6093:
6074:
6055:
6029:
5967:
5840:
5834:Boston
5580:
5351:
5343:
5290:
5282:
5231:
5207:
5154:
5111:
5017:9 June
4992:9 June
4853:
4804:
4635:
4625:
4569:
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