1879:
1902:
1868:
946:
Korochantseva, Ekaterina; Trieloff, Mario; Lorenz, Cyrill; Buykin, Alexey; Ivanova, Marina; Schwarz, Winfried; Hopp, Jens; Jessberger, Elmar (2007). "L-chondrite asteroid breakup tied to
Ordovician meteorite shower by multiple isochron 40 Ar- 39 Ar dating".
1030:
It has been suggested that the Middle
Ordovician meteorite bombardment played a crucial role in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, but this study shows that the two phenomena were unrelated
901:
676:
1102:"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician Series at Black Knob Ridge, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA"
874:
765:
605:
1248:
1191:"A proposed global boundary stratotype for the base of the Upper Series of the Ordovician System: The Fågelsång section, Scania, southern Sweden"
1062:"A proposed global boundary stratotype for the base of the Upper Series of the Ordovician System: The Fågelsång section, Scania, southern Sweden"
1162:
Bergström, Stig; Finney, Stanley; Xu, Chen; Goldman, Daniel; Leslie, Stephen (31 August 2006). "Three new
Ordovician global stage names".
1946:
1241:
545:
495:
1234:
1975:
812:
698:
631:
1939:
1100:
Goldman, Daniel; Leslie, Stephen; Nõlvak, Jaak; Young, Seth; Bergström, Stig; Huff, Warren (December 2007).
769:
around 458.4 million years ago. The
Sandbian lasted for about 5.4 million years until the beginning of the
1257:
1140:
534:
1980:
1060:
Bergström, Stig; Finney, S.; Xu, Chen; Pålsson, Christian; Zhi-hao, Wang; Grahn, Yngve (June 2000).
1970:
1932:
1530:
1525:
478:
1189:
Bergström, Stig M.; S. C. Finney; Chen Xu; Christian Pålsson; Wang Zhi-hao; Yngve Grahn (2000).
865:
756:
597:
984:"Refined Ordovician timescale reveals no link between asteroid breakup and biodiversification"
982:
Lindskog, A.; Costa, M. M.; Rasmussen, C.M.Ø.; Connelly, J. N.; Eriksson, M. E. (2017-01-24).
1042:
960:
956:
579:
1209:
1118:
1078:
8:
1861:
1016:
983:
968:
923:
896:
1965:
1659:
1623:
1101:
1061:
1021:
1003:
928:
786:
345:
304:
1912:
1753:
1628:
1597:
1394:
1205:
1171:
1113:
1073:
1011:
995:
964:
918:
910:
744:
337:
287:
1920:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1722:
1618:
1556:
1451:
1420:
1389:
323:
30:
1878:
790:
782:
1916:
1872:
1691:
1561:
1456:
1425:
1161:
1226:
1190:
1175:
1959:
1592:
1582:
1551:
1514:
1446:
1415:
1188:
1007:
827:
814:
713:
700:
692:
646:
633:
569:
61:
1883:
1814:
1664:
1587:
1025:
932:
914:
841:
617:
1901:
1809:
1678:
1654:
1499:
1294:
748:
381:
354:
36:
999:
1909:
1804:
1764:
1707:
1607:
1504:
1378:
1278:
869:
760:
601:
453:
417:
408:
243:
81:
46:
1867:
1819:
1769:
1743:
1702:
1649:
1494:
1470:
1351:
1341:
1330:
372:
279:
207:
86:
1779:
1774:
1738:
1638:
1571:
1540:
1435:
1404:
1365:
1315:
1289:
1265:
861:
688:
271:
233:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
849:
621:
1793:
1733:
1483:
1320:
1304:
945:
91:
66:
1829:
1712:
1346:
853:
794:
770:
752:
625:
456:
399:
363:
981:
857:
845:
806:
1133:
1099:
1059:
864:. The lower boundary of the Sandbian is defined as the
894:
107:
1957:
1256:
494:Subdivision of the Ordovician according to the
781:The name Sandbian is derived from the village
1940:
1242:
1182:
1155:
897:"The microfossil record of early land plants"
1049:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
501:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
1947:
1933:
1249:
1235:
809:of the Sandbian is the Fågelsång section (
1117:
1077:
1015:
922:
755:. Its lower boundary is defined as the
1958:
491:
16:First age of the Late Ordovician epoch
1230:
1896:
466:
440:
1848:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
949:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
13:
1852:= megaannum (millions years ago);
969:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00221.x
797:). The name was proposed in 2006.
14:
1992:
1856:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1900:
1877:
1866:
895:Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000).
34:
1210:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i2/003
1143:. Geologic Timescale Foundation
1119:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i4/002
1079:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i2/003
1093:
1053:
1035:
975:
939:
888:
773:around 453 million years ago.
439:
1:
1295:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
881:
1919:. You can help Knowledge by
1908:This article related to the
1141:"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era"
7:
1258:Geological history of Earth
677:Diplacanthograptus caudatus
492:
202:
10:
1997:
1895:
1531:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1526:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1290:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
743:is the first stage of the
687:Black Knob Ridge section,
29:458.4 ± 0.9 – 453.0 ± 0.7
1843:
1828:
1815:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1792:
1752:
1721:
1690:
1677:
1665:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1637:
1606:
1570:
1539:
1513:
1482:
1469:
1434:
1403:
1377:
1364:
1329:
1303:
1277:
1264:
1176:10.1080/00241160600847439
776:
729:
683:
671:Upper boundary definition
670:
662:
612:
594:Lower boundary definition
593:
585:
575:
565:
560:
552:
540:
530:
525:
517:
512:
105:
100:
26:
21:
1976:Ordovician geochronology
1810:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1655:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1500:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1352:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1342:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
751:and is succeeded by the
110:
1805:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1770:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1765:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1708:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1598:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1505:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1316:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
961:2007M&PS...42..113K
856:). It is an outcrop of
800:
479:Ordovician meteor event
193:−445 —
183:−450 —
173:−455 —
163:−460 —
153:−465 —
143:−470 —
133:−475 —
123:−480 —
113:−485 —
1775:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1744:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1703:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1650:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1495:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1321:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
915:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612
902:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B
866:first appearance datum
757:first appearance datum
674:FAD of the Graptolite
1780:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1739:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1660:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1347:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
988:Nature Communications
1820:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1713:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1593:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1583:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1047:www.stratigraphy.org
875:Nemagraptus gracilis
766:Nemagraptus gracilis
606:Nemagraptus gracilis
1875: •
1864: •
1862:Geologic time scale
1624:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1588:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1557:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1452:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1421:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1000:10.1038/ncomms14066
828:55.7137°N 13.3255°E
824: /
730:Upper GSSP ratified
714:34.4305°N 96.0746°W
710: /
684:Upper boundary GSSP
663:Lower GSSP ratified
647:55.7137°N 13.3255°E
643: /
616:Fågelsång section,
613:Lower boundary GSSP
586:Time span formality
1873:Geology portal
1734:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1629:Early (470–485 Ma)
1562:Early (393–419 Ma)
1457:Early (247–252 Ma)
1426:Early (174–201 Ma)
1395:Early (100–145 Ma)
1390:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1043:"Chart/Time Scale"
576:Stratigraphic unit
566:Chronological unit
553:Time scale(s) used
1928:
1927:
1890:
1889:
1788:
1787:
1754:Paleoproterozoic
1673:
1672:
1619:Late (444–458 Ma)
1552:Late (359–383 Ma)
1465:
1464:
1447:Late (201–237 Ma)
1416:Late (145–164 Ma)
1360:
1359:
1281:(present–2.58 Ma)
1269:(present–66.0 Ma)
909:(1398): 717–732.
878:in that section.
787:Lund Municipality
747:. It follows the
737:
736:
719:34.4305; -96.0746
526:Usage information
507:
506:
487:
486:
465:
464:
1988:
1981:Ordovician stubs
1949:
1942:
1935:
1904:
1897:
1884:World portal
1882:
1881:
1871:
1870:
1833:
1797:
1757:
1726:
1723:Mesoproterozoic
1695:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1642:
1611:
1575:
1544:
1518:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1439:
1408:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1334:
1308:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1019:
979:
973:
972:
943:
937:
936:
926:
892:
839:
838:
836:
835:
834:
833:55.7137; 13.3255
829:
825:
822:
821:
820:
817:
745:Upper Ordovician
725:
724:
722:
721:
720:
715:
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
658:
657:
655:
654:
653:
652:55.7137; 13.3255
648:
644:
641:
640:
639:
636:
481:
472:
467:
459:
446:
441:
420:
411:
402:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
332:
317:
298:
265:
227:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
96:
33:
19:
18:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1971:Late Ordovician
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1865:
1857:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1795:
1784:
1755:
1748:
1724:
1717:
1693:
1692:Neoproterozoic
1682:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
1681:
1680:
1679:Proterozoic Eon
1669:
1640:
1633:
1609:
1602:
1573:
1566:
1542:
1535:
1516:
1509:
1485:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1437:
1430:
1406:
1399:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1332:
1325:
1306:
1299:
1280:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1040:
1036:
980:
976:
944:
940:
893:
889:
884:
832:
830:
826:
823:
818:
815:
813:
811:
810:
803:
779:
718:
716:
712:
709:
704:
701:
699:
697:
696:
695:
651:
649:
645:
642:
637:
634:
632:
630:
629:
628:
508:
503:
502:
500:
483:
482:
477:
470:
461:
460:
451:
444:
437:
436:
432:
431:
427:
426:
422:
421:
416:
413:
412:
407:
404:
403:
398:
395:
394:
389:
386:
385:
380:
377:
376:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:
358:
353:
350:
349:
341:
340:
334:
333:
329:
327:
325:
322:
319:
318:
314:
312:
310:
308:
306:
303:
300:
299:
295:
293:
291:
289:
286:
283:
282:
276:
275:
267:
266:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
241:
238:
237:
229:
228:
223:
221:
219:
217:
215:
213:
211:
209:
205:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
28:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1888:
1887:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1515:Carboniferous
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1333:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1307:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1204:(2): 102–109.
1181:
1170:(3): 287–288.
1154:
1132:
1112:(4): 258–270.
1092:
1072:(2): 102–109.
1052:
1034:
974:
955:(1): 113–130.
938:
886:
885:
883:
880:
802:
799:
778:
775:
735:
734:
731:
727:
726:
685:
681:
680:
672:
668:
667:
664:
660:
659:
614:
610:
609:
595:
591:
590:
587:
583:
582:
577:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
558:
557:
556:ICS Time Scale
554:
550:
549:
542:
541:Regional usage
538:
537:
532:
531:Celestial body
528:
527:
523:
522:
519:
518:Name formality
515:
514:
510:
509:
505:
504:
489:
488:
485:
484:
476:
475:
473:
463:
462:
450:
449:
447:
438:
434:
433:
429:
428:
424:
423:
415:
414:
406:
405:
397:
396:
388:
387:
379:
378:
370:
369:
361:
360:
352:
351:
343:
342:
336:
335:
321:
320:
302:
301:
285:
284:
278:
277:
269:
268:
240:
239:
231:
230:
204:
203:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
103:
102:
98:
97:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1689:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1471:Paleozoic Era
1468:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1433:
1427:
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1413:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:(66.0–145 Ma)
1376:
1373:
1371:
1369:(66.0–252 Ma)
1363:
1353:
1350:
1348:
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1343:
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1339:
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966:
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942:
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916:
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867:
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837:
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788:
784:
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772:
768:
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750:
746:
742:
732:
728:
723:
694:
693:United States
690:
686:
682:
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
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656:
627:
623:
619:
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498:, as of 2021.
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419:
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392:
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297:
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274:
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68:
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58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
1921:expanding it
1907:
1892:
1858:
1794:Archean Eon
1756:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1641:(485–539 Ma)
1610:(444–485 Ma)
1574:(419–444 Ma)
1543:(359–419 Ma)
1517:(299–359 Ma)
1486:(252–299 Ma)
1474:(252–539 Ma)
1438:(201–252 Ma)
1407:(145–201 Ma)
1366:Mesozoic Era
1266:Cenozoic Era
1215:20 September
1213:. Retrieved
1201:
1197:
1184:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1109:
1105:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1069:
1065:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1029:
991:
987:
977:
952:
948:
941:
906:
900:
890:
873:
842:Sularp Brook
804:
791:Skåne County
783:Södra Sandby
780:
764:
740:
738:
675:
618:Sularp Brook
604:
493:
390:
344:
270:
242:
232:
206:
1830:Hadean Eon
1608:Ordovician
1379:Cretaceous
1279:Quaternary
1125:13 December
1085:13 December
831: /
749:Darriwilian
717: /
650: /
382:Darriwilian
355:Tremadocian
1960:Categories
1910:Ordovician
1832:(4–4.6 Ga)
1796:(2.5–4 Ga)
1725:(1–1.6 Ga)
1331:Paleogene
1147:2 December
882:References
870:graptolite
844:, east of
819:13°19′32″E
816:55°42′49″N
761:graptolite
705:96°04′29″W
702:34°25′50″N
638:13°19′32″E
635:55°42′49″N
602:Graptolite
561:Definition
454:land plant
418:Rhuddanian
409:Hirnantian
101:Chronology
1859:See also:
1639:Cambrian
1572:Silurian
1541:Devonian
1436:Triassic
1405:Jurassic
1008:2041-1723
994:: 14066.
513:Etymology
373:Dapingian
1966:Sandbian
1484:Permian
1305:Neogene
1198:Episodes
1106:Episodes
1066:Episodes
1026:28117834
933:10905606
862:mudstone
763:species
741:Sandbian
689:Oklahoma
544:Global (
391:Sandbian
346:Stage 10
22:Sandbian
1164:Lethaia
1017:5286199
957:Bibcode
924:1692785
872:species
759:of the
600:of the
471:←
445:←
198:–
188:–
178:–
168:–
158:–
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
1913:period
1838:
1024:
1014:
1006:
931:
921:
854:Sweden
795:Sweden
777:Naming
771:Katian
753:Katian
626:Sweden
589:Formal
521:Formal
457:spores
452:First
435:
430:
425:
400:Katian
364:Floian
1915:is a
1194:(PDF)
858:shale
850:Skåne
840:) at
622:Skåne
580:Stage
535:Earth
1917:stub
1217:2012
1149:2012
1127:2020
1087:2020
1022:PMID
1004:ISSN
929:PMID
860:and
846:Lund
807:GSSP
805:The
801:GSSP
739:The
733:2006
666:2002
37:PreꞒ
1206:doi
1172:doi
1114:doi
1074:doi
1012:PMC
996:doi
965:doi
919:PMC
911:doi
907:355
868:of
598:FAD
570:Age
546:ICS
496:ICS
1962::
1854:Ga
1850:Ma
1846:ka
1202:23
1200:.
1196:.
1168:39
1166:.
1110:30
1108:.
1104:.
1070:23
1068:.
1064:.
1045:.
1028:.
1020:.
1010:.
1002:.
990:.
986:.
963:.
953:42
951:.
927:.
917:.
905:.
899:.
852:,
793:,
789:,
691:,
624:,
620:,
224:c
222:i
220:o
218:z
216:o
214:e
212:l
210:a
208:P
87:Pg
31:Ma
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1923:.
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
1219:.
1208::
1178:.
1174::
1151:.
1129:.
1116::
1089:.
1076::
998::
992:8
971:.
967::
959::
935:.
913::
848:(
785:(
548:)
338:L
330:e
328:t
326:a
324:L
315:e
313:l
311:d
309:d
307:i
305:M
296:y
294:l
292:r
290:a
288:E
280:F
272:S
262:n
260:a
258:i
256:c
254:i
252:v
250:o
248:d
246:r
244:O
234:Ꞓ
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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