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825:), falls due to walking on round shot scattered on the ground, exposure to hazardous dusts, heat exhaustion, creation of an explosive atmosphere, and exposure to excessive noise. Blasting rooms and portable blaster's equipment have been adapted to these dangers. Blasting lead-based paint can fill the air with lead particles which can be harmful to the nervous system.
832:(OSHA) mandates engineered solutions to potential hazards, however silica sand continues to be allowed even though most commonly used blast helmets are not sufficiently effective at protecting the blast operator if ambient levels of dust exceed allowable limits. Adequate levels of respiratory protection for blast operations in the United States are approved by the
294:
machinery and total loss portable blasting units. Advantages include the ability to use extremely fine or coarse media with densities ranging from plastic to steel and the ability to use hot water and soap to allow simultaneous degreasing and blasting. The reduction in dust also makes it safer to use siliceous media and to abrade
847:
Grade‑D air supply (or self-contained oil-less air pump) – The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade‑D pressurized air supply. Grade‑D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the worker from hazardous gases. It includes a pressure regulator, air filtration and a carbon monoxide monitor/alarm. An
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A siphon blast system (suction blast system) uses the compressed air to create vacuum in a chamber (known as the blast gun). The negative pressure pulls abrasive into the blast gun where the compressed air directs the abrasive through a blast nozzle. The abrasive mixture travels through a nozzle that
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Mobile dry abrasive blast systems are typically powered by a diesel air compressor. The air compressor provides a large volume of high pressure air to a single or multiple "blast pots". Blast pots are pressurized, tank-like containers, filled with abrasive material, used to allow an adjustable amount
400:
Micro-abrasive blasting is dry abrasive blasting process that uses small nozzles (typically 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm diameter) to deliver a fine stream of abrasive accurately to a small part or a small area on a larger part. Generally the area to be blasted is from about 1 mm to only a few cm
381:
components. The size of the wheel blast machine, and the number and power of the wheels vary considerably depending on the parts to be blasted as well as on the expected result and efficiency. The first blast wheel was patented by
Wheelabrator in 1932. In China, the first blast wheel was built around
485:
Vacuum blasting is a method that generates very little dust and spill, as the blast tool does dry abrasive blasting and collects used blast media and loosened particles from the surface to be treated, simultaneously. Blast media consumption is relatively low with this method, as the used blast media
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A blast room is a much larger version of a blast cabinet. Blast operators work inside the room to roughen, smooth, or clean surfaces of an item depending on the needs of the finished product. Blast rooms and blast facilities come in many sizes, some of which are big enough to accommodate very large
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In wheel blasting, a spinning wheel propels the abrasive against an object. It is typically categorized as an airless blasting operation because there is no propellant (gas or liquid) used. A wheel machine is a high-power, high-efficiency blasting operation with recyclable abrasive (typically steel
326:
A variant of wet blasting is vapor blasting (or vapour blasting in
British English). In this process pressurized air is added to the water in the nozzle producing a high-speed mist, called "vapor". This process is even milder than wet blasting, allowing mating surfaces to be cleaned while retaining
293:
One of the original pioneers of the wet abrasive process in late 1940s was Norman Ives
Ashworth who found the advantages of using a wet process as a strong alternative to dry blasting. The process is available in all conventional formats including hand cabinets, walk-in booths, automated production
636:
A material recycling or media reclamation system to collect abrasive blasting media so it can be used again; these can be automated mechanical or pneumatic systems installed in the floor of the blast room, or the blast media can be collected manually by sweeping or shoveling the material back into
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Portable blast systems use either a welded pressure vessel, to overcome nozzle backpressure, to store and transfer abrasive media into a connected blast hose from a higher pressure differential, or use a non-pressurized hopper, which utilizes a process called dual induction, which conveys abrasive
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work to remove paint. In removing paint for auto body work, bead blasting is preferred over sand blasting, as sand blasting tends to create a greater surface profile than bead blasting. Bead blasting is often used in creating a uniform surface finish on machined parts. It is additionally used in
417:
Automated blasting is simply the automation of the abrasive blasting process. Automated blasting is frequently just a step in a larger automated procedure, usually involving other surface treatments such as preparation and coating applications. Care is often needed to isolate the blasting chamber
305:
Process speeds are generally not as fast as conventional dry abrasive blasting when using the equivalent size and type of media, in part because the presence of water between the media and the substrate being processed creates a lubricating cushion that can protect both the surface and the media,
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A blast cabinet is essentially a closed loop system that allows the operator to blast the part and recycle the abrasive. It usually consists of four components; the containment (cabinet), the abrasive blasting system, the abrasive recycling system and the dust collection. The operator blasts the
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In a pressure blast system, the abrasive is stored in the pressure vessel then sealed. The vessel is pressurized to the same pressure as the blast hose attached to the bottom of the pressure vessel. The abrasive is metered into the blast hose and conveyed by the compressed gas through the blast
408:
The most common micro-abrasive blasting systems are commercial bench-mounted units consisting of a power supply and mixer, exhaust hood, nozzle, and gas supply. The nozzle can be hand-held or fixture mounted for automatic operation. Either the nozzle or part can be moved in automatic operation.
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of the dust. In 1918, the first sandblasting enclosure was built, which protected the worker with a viewing screen, revolved around the workpiece, and used an exhaust fan to draw dust away from the worker's face. Silicosis is still a risk when the operator is not completely isolated from the
809:, specifically in portable air blasting or blast room (booth) applications. There is a large amount of dust created through abrasive blasting from the substrate and abrasive. Although many abrasives used in blasting rooms are not hazardous in themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron,
641:
Additional equipment can be added for convenience and improved usability, such as overhead cranes for maneuvering the workpiece, wall-mounted units with multiple axes that allow the operator to reach all sides of the workpiece, and sound-dampening materials used to reduce noise levels.
668:. To counter this hazard, silica sand for blasting is often coated with resins to control the dust. Using silica as an abrasive is not allowed in Germany, Belgium, Russia, Sweden and United Kingdom for this reason. Silica is a common abrasive in countries where it is not banned.
723:. These "soft" abrasives are also used to avoid damaging the underlying material such when cleaning brick or stone, removing graffiti, or the removal of coatings from printed circuit boards being repaired. Soda blasting uses baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) which is extremely
762:
Many coarser media used in sandblasting often result in energy being given off as sparks or light on impact. The colours and size of the spark or glow varies significantly, with heavy bright orange sparks from steel shot blasting, to a faint blue glow (often invisible in
1017:
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alternative method is a self-contained, oil-less air pump to feed pressurized air to the blast hood/helmet. An oil-less air pump does not require an air filter or carbon monoxide monitor/alarm, because the pressurized air is coming from a source that cannot generate
599:
is the liner material most often used for mineral abrasives. Silicon carbide and boron carbide nozzles are more wear resistant and are often used with harder abrasives such as aluminium oxide. Inexpensive abrasive blasting systems and smaller cabinets use ceramic
501:
Sandblasting can also be used to produce three-dimensional signage. This type of signage is considered to be a higher-end product as compared to flat signs. These signs often incorporate gold leaf overlay and sometimes crushed glass backgrounds which is called
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Body protection – Body protection varies by application but usually consists of gloves and overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a cordura/canvas blast suit (unless blasting with steel abrasives, in which case they would use a leather
174:
Sandblasting equipment typically consists of a chamber in which sand and air are mixed. The mixture travels through a hand-held nozzle to direct the particles toward the surface or work piece. Nozzles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials.
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suffer from silicosis, and 46 people are known to have died from it. Silicosis was shown to be very common among former denim sandblasters in Turkey in 2007. A 2015 study confirmed that silicosis is almost inevitable among former sandblasters.
151:
Sand blasting is also known as abrasive blasting, which is a generic term for the process of smoothing, shaping and cleaning a hard surface by forcing solid particles across that surface at high speeds; the effect is similar to that of using
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Wet abrasive blasting uses water as the fluid moving the abrasives. The advantages are that the water traps the dust produced, and lubricates the surface. The water cushions the impact on the surface, reducing the removal of sound material.
566:
media to a tandem blast nozzle using an air powered jet pump or eductor, in which abrasive is propelled through a blast nozzle via a separate air hose connected to the blast nozzle, which eliminates the requirement for a pressure vessel.
915:'s Fair Trade Center conducted a survey among 17 textile companies that showed very few were aware of the dangers caused by manually sandblasting jeans. Several companies said they would abolish this technique from their own production.
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is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at a high pressure without damaging the surface. It is used to clean calcium deposits from pool tiles or any other surfaces, remove embedded fungus, and brighten
309:
Wet blasting of mild steel will result in immediate or 'flash' corrosion of the blasted steel substrate due to the presence of water. The lack of surface recontamination also allows the use of single equipment for multiple blasting
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Positive pressure blast hood or helmet – The hood or helmet includes a head suspension system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a view window with replaceable lens or lens protection and an air-feed
607:
Wet blast cabinets use a system that injects the abrasive/liquid slurry into a compressed gas stream. Wet blasting is typically used when the heat produced by friction in dry blasting would damage the part.
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are used. Surface contaminants are dislodged by the force of frozen carbon dioxide particles hitting at high velocity, and by slight shrinkage due to freezing which disrupts adhesion bonds. The dry ice
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parts from the outside of the cabinet by placing their arms in gloves attached to glove holes on the cabinet, viewing the part through a view window, turning the blast on and off using a foot pedal or
821:) have varying degrees of hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). However, in all cases their use can present serious danger to operators, such as burns due to projections (with skin or eye
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is more expensive than silica sand, but if used correctly, will offer equivalent production rates while producing less dust and no safety hazards from inhaling the dust. Magnesium sulphate, or
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Several countries and territories now regulate sandblasting such that it may only be performed in a controlled environment using ventilation, protective clothing and breathing air supply.
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of blasting grit into the main blasting line. The number of blast pots is dictated by the volume of air the compressor can provide. Fully equipped blast systems are often found mounted on
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wire bristles. Repeated contact with the sharp, rotating bristle tips results in localized impact, rebound, and crater formation, which simultaneously cleans and coarsens the surface.
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Worker sandblasting without the use of proper personal protective equipment. The worker's face is covered with a bandana instead of a replaceable particulate filter respirator.
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In the past, when sandblasting was performed as an open-air job, the worker was exposed to risk of injury from the flying material and lung damage from inhaling the dust. The
532:, as well as brick, stone, and concrete work. Sandblasting is used for cleaning industrial as well as commercial structures, but is rarely used for non-metallic workpieces.
306:
reducing breakdown rates. Reduced impregnation of blasting material into the surface, dust reduction and the elimination of static cling can result in a very clean surface.
727:, the micro fragmentation on impact exploding away surface materials without damage to the substrate. Additional synthetic abrasives include process byproducts (e.g.,
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There are several variants of the process, using various media; some are highly abrasive, whereas others are milder. The most abrasive are shot blasting (with metal
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Typically, crushed nut shells or fruit kernels. These soft abrasives are used to avoid damaging the underlying material such when cleaning brick or stone, removing
587:. Automated blast cabinets are also used to process large quantities of the same component and may incorporate multiple blast nozzles and a part conveyance system.
156:, but provides a more even finish with no problems at corners or crannies. Sandblasting can occur naturally, usually as a result of particles blown by wind causing
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can be used as a type of mineral abrasive. It tends to break up quickly, creating large quantities of dust, exposing the operator to the potential development of
620:
Each application may require the use of many different pieces of equipment, however, there are several key components that can be found in a typical blast room:
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In 2013, research claimed that in China some factories producing worn-look jeans are involved in varied non-compliance with health and safety regulations.
383:
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at most. Also known as pencil blasting, the fine jet of abrasive is accurate enough to write directly on glass and delicate enough to cut a pattern in an
114:). Moderately abrasive variants include glass bead blasting (with glass beads) and plastic media blasting (PMB) with ground-up plastic stock or
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that have the appearance of being used. To give the fabrics the right worn look sandblasting is used. Sandblasting has the risk of causing
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Bead blasting paint from a concrete curb by a worker wearing hearing protection. Mixing particles with water substantially reduces dust.
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material against a surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface or remove surface
559:
650:
In the early 1900s, it was assumed that sharp-edged grains provided the best performance, but this was later shown to be incorrect.
1705:
1130:
Specialized
Cleaning, Finishing, and Coating Processes: Proceedings of a Conference Held 5-6 February 1980, Los Angeles, California
463:
Bristle blasting, unlike other blasting methods, does not require a separate blast medium. The surface is treated by a brush-like
1903:
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405:. The abrasive media particle sizes range from 10 micrometres up to about 150 micrometres. Higher pressures are often required.
1913:
1105:
1015:, Tilghman, Benjamin C., "Improvement in cutting and engraving stone, metal, glass, &c.", published 1870-10-18
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Akgun, M.; Araz, O.; Akkurt, I.; Eroglu, A.; Alper, F.; Saglam, L.; Mirici, A.; Gorguner, M.; Nemery, B. (1 November 2008).
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An enclosure or containment system, usually the room itself, designed to remain sealed to prevent blast media from escaping
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to be raised, and is a popular way to give a sign a traditional carved look. Sandblasting can also be done on clear
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or uniquely shaped objects like rail cars, commercial and military vehicles, construction equipment, and aircraft.
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directs the particles toward the surface or workpiece. Nozzles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials.
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or carborundum, glass beads, ceramic shot/grit), and recycled products (e.g., plastic abrasive, glass grit).
122:. Some of these substances can cause anaphylactic shock to individuals allergic to the media. A mild version is
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There are three systems typically used in a blast cabinet. Two, siphon and pressure, are dry and one is wet:
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A dust collection system which filters the air in the room and prevents particulate matter from escaping
1950:
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373:, grit, or similarly sized pellets). Specialized wheel blast machines propel plastic abrasive in a
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is another potential risk, from the use of small gasoline-powered engines in abrasive blasting.
507:
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on 18 October 1870. Thomas Wesley
Pangborn perfected the idea and added compressed air in 1904.
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Steel shot, steel grit, stainless steel shot, cut wire, copper shot, aluminium shot, zinc shot.
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Device used for adding sand to the compressed air (top of which is a sieve for adding the sand)
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Akgun, M; Araz, O; Ucar, EY; Karaman, A; Alper, F; Gorguner, M; Kreiss, K (September 2015).
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19:"Sandblasted", "Sandblast", and "Media blaster" redirect here. For the Swervedriver EP, see
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1923:
980:
Creating the twentieth century: technical innovations of 1867–1914 and their lasting impact
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1919 Popular
Science article on types of minerals found to be suitable for sandblasting –
445:, leaving no residue to clean up other than the removed material. Dry ice is a relatively
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8:
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24:
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Abrasive. (2022). In Dual
Induction Abrasive Blasting. Retrieved February 6, 2024, from
1101:
130:). In addition, there are alternatives that are barely abrasive or nonabrasive, such as
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1159:"Status quo Analysis on Technology and Equipment of Shot Blasting and Peening in China"
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is automatically separated from dust and loosened particles, and reused several times.
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items can be processed in the same equipment with the same media without problems.
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Sandblasting can be used to refurbish buildings or create works of art (carved or
1792:
1363:
1128:
950:, for laser blasting surface ablation instead of abrasive medium surface ablation
849:
747:
525:). Modern masks and resists facilitate this process, producing accurate results.
480:
311:
1276:
Thomas, Eric G. (1 September 2005). "How to Create an
Abrasive Air Blast Room".
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dust produced in the sandblasting process would cause silicosis after sustained
1854:
1822:
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1755:
1745:
1498:
1032:
Edmonton worker allergic to walnuts dies after inhaling particles at worksite,"
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material, so is less destructive to the underlying material than sandblasting.
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A blasting system; wheel blasting and air blasting systems are commonly used
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506:. When sandblasting wood signage it allows the wood grains to show and the
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123:
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813:, garnet, plastic abrasive and glass bead), other abrasives (silica sand,
574:
558:, offering high mobility and easy transport from site to site. Others are
876:
814:
728:
708:
657:
630:
A blast pot – a pressurized container filled with abrasive blasting media
464:
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is a popular material for nozzles because it resists abrasive wear well.
84:
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868:
818:
724:
374:
357:
217: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1412:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 16 April 2011
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US20220297264A1/en?oq=WO2020254002
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Sandblasting also may present secondary risks, such as falls from
805:
Cleaning operations using abrasive blasting can present risks for
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wheel is used to propel the blasting material (often called the
52:
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Diesel powered compressor used as an air supply for sandblasting
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912:
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1547:"Silicosis Appears Inevitable Among Former Denim Sandblasters"
1459:, Popular Science monthly, December 1918, page 76, scanned by
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1730:
895:
348:
1659:
1655:, 1st ed., by Robert H. Todd, Dell K. Allen, and Leo Alting
739:
735:
111:
1499:"An epidemic of silicosis among former denim sandblasters"
798:
Worker sandblasting wearing full coverage protective gear.
1787:
1624:"The human cost of 'distressed' jeans | War on Want"
1661:, 4th Edition, 1983. Society of Manufacturing Engineers
1304:"What is a Blast Pot? - Definition from Corrosionpedia"
498:
monuments and markers is created by abrasive blasting.
377:
chamber and is usually used for deflashing plastic and
99:). The first abrasive blasting process was patented by
167:. An artificial sandblasting process was patented by
79:, is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of
1496:
834:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
386:
is one of the earliest manufacturers of blast wheel.
1557:(3). American College of Chest Physicians: 647–654.
1544:
562:-fed types making them lightweight and more mobile.
528:Sandblasting techniques are used for cleaning boat
977:
767:or brightly lit work areas) from garnet abrasive.
418:from mechanical components that may be subject to
1252:"What is a Sandblasting Cabinet? (with pictures)"
1102:"BRIDGEPORT PROJECT / SOUTHWEST DIVISION HISTORY"
839:Typical safety equipment for operators includes:
356:cleaning mineral specimens, most of which have a
1942:
1126:
360:of 7 or less and would thus be damaged by sand.
1646:
1381:"OSHA Asked to Ban Silica in Abrasive Blasting"
1593:
1191:"Shot blasting technology turns 150 years old"
1699:
830:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
518:as part of a store front or interior design.
1367:monthly, February 1919, page 64, scanned by
894:Many consumers are willing to pay extra for
1424:
971:
969:
855:Hearing protection – ear muffs or ear plugs
548:
494:The lettering and engraving on most modern
23:. For the underwater circumnavigation, see
1706:
1692:
1007:
1005:
695:, or the removal of coatings from printed
389:
1713:
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1514:
1457:Making Things Easier for the Sand-Blaster
1212:"Figure 2.1 An AJM-machined egg shell..."
277:Learn how and when to remove this message
68:defect before and after abrasive blasting
1404:
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742:slag), engineered abrasives (e.g.,
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1653:Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide
1164:China National Knowledge Infrastructure
1051:"A Brief History of Early Sandblasting"
1002:
16:Method of marking or cleaning a surface
1943:
1275:
1216:Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes
984:. Oxford University Press US. p.
1687:
1598:[People are dying for this].
1395:
412:
27:. For the entertainment company, see
975:
215:adding citations to reliable sources
186:
1594:Buer, Kathleen (11 December 2010).
452:
425:
13:
889:
474:
436:In this type of blasting, air and
14:
1977:
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1108:from the original on 23 June 2011
1077:"Surface Finishes - Parts Badger"
906:, more than 5,000 workers in the
879:or confinement in a small space.
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87:. A pressurised fluid, typically
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1534:– via erj.ersjournals.com.
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1:
1290:10.1016/S0026-0576(05)80722-6
1167:. 3 June 2009. Archived from
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611:
1647:General and cited references
1503:European Respiratory Journal
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7:
1383:. Paint Square. 11 May 2009
1218:. CRC Press. pp. 5–6.
1135:American Society for Metals
921:
10:
1982:
1210:Benedict, Gary F. (1987).
807:workers' health and safety
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456:
429:
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351:color. It is also used in
18:
1863:
1726:
1516:10.1183/09031936.00093507
1127:D. Cameron Perry (1981).
1055:McCahill Painting Company
881:Carbon monoxide poisoning
770:
369:or stainless-steel shot,
163:, or artificially, using
110:) and sandblasting (with
60:on the outside wall of a
40:Sandblasting a stone wall
1904:Machine and metalworking
1196:International Daily News
872:sandblasting apparatus.
645:
549:Portable blast equipment
141:
1914:Measuring and alignment
902:to the workers, and in
707:This category includes
578:A sand-blasting cabinet
390:Micro-abrasive blasting
327:their ability to mate.
302:or poisonous surfaces.
1039:(Retrieved 2017-10-25)
579:
545:
396:Abrasive jet machining
340:
310:operations—e.g.,
169:Benjamin Chew Tilghman
101:Benjamin Chew Tilghman
69:
49:
41:
1563:10.1378/chest.14-2848
1359:Little Grains of Sand
976:Smil, Vaclav (2005).
928:Abrasion (mechanical)
577:
556:semi-tractor trailers
543:
338:
183:Wet abrasive blasting
75:, sometimes known as
55:
47:
39:
1961:Industrial processes
1879:Cutting and abrasive
1680:at Wikimedia Commons
1596:"Dette dør folk for"
211:improve this article
103:on 18 October 1870.
1956:American inventions
1432:"Abrasive Blasting"
1410:"Abrasive Blasting"
1339:on 13 November 2016
1171:on 30 December 2022
1037:, 23 October 2017.
817:, nickel slag, and
25:Operation Sandblast
933:Abrasive machining
717:sodium bicarbonate
580:
546:
413:Automated blasting
384:Qinggong Machinery
341:
70:
50:
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1951:Abrasive blasting
1938:
1937:
1676:Media related to
1225:978-0-8247-7352-6
1144:978-0-87170-108-4
1137:. pp. 221–.
1057:. 8 November 2016
995:978-0-19-516874-7
664:, a debilitating
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77:abrasive blasting
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1966:Cleaning methods
1798:Needlegun scaler
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1626:. Archived from
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1518:
1509:(5): 1295–1303.
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1335:. Archived from
1333:DeLong Equipment
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1030:Travis McEwan, "
1028:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1000:
999:
983:
973:
908:textile industry
795:
783:
597:Tungsten carbide
459:Bristle blasting
453:Bristle blasting
432:Dry-ice blasting
426:Dry-ice blasting
282:
275:
271:
268:
262:
260:
219:
195:
187:
136:dry-ice blasting
21:Sandblasted (EP)
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1859:
1818:Pressure washer
1793:Mop bucket cart
1722:
1712:
1668:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1630:on 14 July 2013
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1588:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1364:Popular Science
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1278:Metal Finishing
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1204:
1199:. 28 July 2020.
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1003:
996:
974:
967:
962:
924:
892:
890:Worn-look jeans
850:carbon monoxide
803:
802:
801:
800:
799:
796:
788:
787:
784:
773:
748:silicon carbide
744:aluminium oxide
699:being repaired.
648:
614:
572:
551:
538:
492:
483:
481:Vacuum blasting
477:
475:Vacuum blasting
461:
455:
434:
428:
415:
398:
392:
366:
333:
324:
312:stainless steel
283:
272:
266:
263:
220:
218:
208:
196:
185:
149:
144:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Types of tools
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1855:Vacuum cleaner
1852:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1823:Reach extender
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1766:Floor scrubber
1763:
1758:
1756:Feather duster
1753:
1748:
1746:Carpet sweeper
1743:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1715:Cleaning tools
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1667:
1666:External links
1664:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1615:
1604:(in Norwegian)
1586:
1537:
1489:
1464:
1449:
1423:
1394:
1372:
1350:
1320:
1308:Corrosionpedia
1295:
1268:
1243:
1231:
1224:
1202:
1182:
1150:
1143:
1119:
1093:
1068:
1042:
1023:
1001:
994:
964:
963:
961:
958:
957:
956:
951:
948:Laser ablation
945:
940:
935:
930:
923:
920:
891:
888:
861:
860:
856:
853:
845:
828:In the US the
811:aluminum oxide
797:
790:
789:
785:
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
772:
769:
760:
759:
756:
752:
751:
705:
701:
700:
697:circuit boards
689:
685:
684:
674:
670:
669:
655:
647:
644:
639:
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
601:
571:
568:
550:
547:
537:
534:
491:
488:
479:Main article:
476:
473:
457:Main article:
454:
451:
430:Main article:
427:
424:
414:
411:
394:Main article:
391:
388:
365:
364:Wheel blasting
362:
332:
329:
323:
322:Vapor blasting
320:
285:
284:
226:"Sandblasting"
199:
197:
190:
184:
181:
165:compressed air
148:
145:
143:
140:
89:compressed air
29:Media Blasters
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1978:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:"Blast rooms"
1324:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1014:
1008:
1006:
997:
991:
987:
982:
981:
972:
970:
965:
955:
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
919:
916:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
887:
884:
882:
878:
873:
870:
866:
857:
854:
851:
846:
842:
841:
840:
837:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
794:
782:
768:
766:
757:
754:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:
686:
682:
678:
675:
672:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
653:
652:
651:
643:
637:the blast pot
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
621:
618:
606:
602:
598:
593:
592:
591:
588:
586:
576:
570:Blast cabinet
567:
563:
561:
557:
542:
533:
531:
526:
524:
523:frosted glass
519:
517:
513:
512:acrylic glass
509:
505:
499:
497:
487:
482:
472:
470:
466:
460:
450:
448:
444:
439:
433:
423:
421:
410:
406:
404:
397:
387:
385:
380:
376:
372:
361:
359:
358:Mohs hardness
354:
350:
345:
344:Bead blasting
337:
331:Bead blasting
328:
319:
317:
313:
307:
303:
301:
297:
291:
281:
278:
270:
259:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
228: –
227:
223:
222:Find sources:
216:
212:
206:
205:
200:This section
198:
194:
189:
188:
180:
178:
177:Boron carbide
172:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
63:
59:
58:corrosion pit
54:
46:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1847:
1808:Pipe cleaner
1770:
1761:Floor buffer
1678:Sandblasting
1658:
1652:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1599:
1589:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1506:
1502:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1467:
1461:Google Books
1456:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:NIOSH Topics
1435:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1385:. Retrieved
1375:
1369:Google Books
1362:
1358:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:the original
1332:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1284:(9): 44–46.
1281:
1277:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1246:
1234:
1215:
1205:
1194:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:the original
1162:
1153:
1129:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1081:Parts Badger
1080:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1038:
1026:
979:
954:Shot peening
938:Air abrasion
917:
893:
885:
874:
862:
838:
827:
804:
761:
713:wheat starch
688:Agricultural
666:lung disease
649:
640:
619:
615:
589:
581:
564:
552:
527:
520:
508:growth rings
500:
493:
490:Applications
484:
469:carbon steel
462:
435:
420:dust fouling
416:
407:
399:
367:
343:
342:
325:
308:
304:
292:
288:
273:
264:
254:
247:
240:
233:
221:
209:Please help
204:verification
201:
173:
150:
147:Sandblasting
132:ice blasting
124:sodablasting
105:
96:
85:contaminants
76:
73:Sandblasting
72:
71:
33:
1929:Woodworking
1828:Sandblaster
1608:11 December
1477:www.cdc.gov
1473:"FACE 9131"
1343:30 November
1313:30 November
1261:30 November
877:scaffolding
815:copper slag
729:copper slag
709:corn starch
658:Silica sand
465:rotary tool
382:the 1950s,
300:radioactive
128:baking soda
118:shells and
93:centrifugal
1945:Categories
1416:22 January
1061:8 February
960:References
869:inhalation
819:staurolite
612:Blast room
443:sublimates
316:mild steel
237:newspapers
1843:Steam mop
1813:Pith wood
1778:Holystone
1013:US 108408
900:silicosis
836:(NIOSH).
704:Synthetic
681:kieserite
662:silicosis
536:Equipment
375:cryogenic
353:auto body
267:July 2024
154:sandpaper
1884:Forestry
1874:Cleaning
1838:Squeegee
1803:Peg wood
1581:25654743
1525:18579544
1256:wiseGEEK
1106:Archived
1035:CBC News
922:See also
765:sunlight
755:Metallic
693:graffiti
600:nozzles.
496:cemetery
403:eggshell
371:cut wire
296:asbestos
120:corncobs
81:abrasive
62:pipeline
1909:Masonry
1899:Kitchen
1849:Tawashi
1751:Dustpan
1572:4556121
1530:2 April
1482:31 July
1442:10 July
1438:. NIOSH
1175:30 July
823:lesions
725:friable
721:dry ice
654:Mineral
604:nozzle.
585:treadle
516:glazing
438:dry ice
251:scholar
161:erosion
158:aeolian
91:, or a
66:coating
1919:Mining
1889:Garden
1833:Sponge
1783:Ladder
1772:Hataki
1741:Bucket
1634:9 July
1579:
1569:
1523:
1387:9 June
1222:
1141:
1112:9 June
1086:7 July
1019:
992:
913:Sweden
904:Turkey
865:silica
859:suit).
771:Safety
738:, and
733:nickel
719:, and
677:Garnet
673:Garnet
560:hopper
504:smalts
379:rubber
253:
246:
239:
232:
224:
126:(with
116:walnut
1924:Power
1736:Brush
1731:Broom
1551:Chest
896:jeans
844:hose.
646:Media
530:hulls
349:grout
258:JSTOR
244:books
142:Types
97:media
64:at a
1894:Hand
1719:List
1636:2013
1610:2010
1577:PMID
1532:2018
1521:PMID
1484:2015
1444:2012
1418:2015
1389:2011
1345:2017
1315:2017
1263:2017
1220:ISBN
1177:2020
1139:ISBN
1114:2011
1088:2017
1063:2022
990:ISBN
740:coal
736:slag
514:and
447:soft
314:and
230:news
134:and
112:sand
108:shot
1788:Mop
1567:PMC
1559:doi
1555:148
1511:doi
1286:doi
1282:103
986:211
213:by
1947::
1575:.
1565:.
1553:.
1549:.
1519:.
1507:32
1505:.
1501:.
1475:.
1434:.
1397:^
1361:,
1331:.
1306:.
1280:.
1254:.
1214:.
1193:.
1161:.
1133:.
1104:.
1079:.
1053:.
1004:^
988:.
968:^
746:,
731:,
715:,
711:,
422:.
298:,
138:.
56:A
1721:)
1717:(
1707:e
1700:t
1693:v
1638:.
1612:.
1583:.
1561::
1513::
1486:.
1446:.
1420:.
1391:.
1347:.
1317:.
1292:.
1288::
1265:.
1228:.
1179:.
1147:.
1116:.
1090:.
1065:.
998:.
852:.
683:.
280:)
274:(
269:)
265:(
255:·
248:·
241:·
234:·
207:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
