5740:
8284:
faultless learning – Vēdās, பூவனும் – you are
Brahman who appeared on a flower, நாற்றமும்நீ – you are creation created by Brahman, வலன் உயர் எழிலியும் – clouds that rise up with strength, மாக விசும்பும் – wide sky, நிலனும்– land, நீடிய இமயமும்– and the tall Himalayas, நீ– you, அதனால் – so, இன்னோர் அனையை– like so and so, இனையையால்– like somebody, என– thus, அன்னோர் – those, யாம் இவண் காணாமையின் – I have not seen here, பொன் அணி நேமி – wheels decorated with gold, வலம் கொண்டு ஏந்திய – lifting on your right side or lifting with strength, மன்னுயிர் முதல்வனை – you are supreme to all the living beings on the Earth.
33:
6569:(Kerala), as well as the private collections in old Hindu temples and monasteries. Less than 50% of all preserved palm leaf manuscripts, copied over the centuries over nearly 2,000 years, are in the Tamil language; the majority of these manuscripts preserved in Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in Sanskrit and Telugu (some Malayalam). Sangam literature manuscript collections typically include all three languages. A few thousand of the Sangam and post-Sangam era manuscripts in Tamil language are now preserved in various European and American collections.
673:
6460:
4997:
5534:
5964:, "In their antiquity and in their contemporaneity, there is not much else in any Indian literature equal to these quiet and dramatic Tamil poems. In their values and stances, they represent a mature classical poetry: passion is balanced by courtesy, transparency by ironies and nuances of design, impersonality by vivid detail, austerity of line by richness of implication. These poems are not just the earliest evidence of the Tamil genius."
4933:
795:
572:. The first academy, states the legend, extended over four millennia and was located far to the south of modern city of Madurai, a location later "swallowed up by the sea", states Shulman. The second academy, also chaired by a very long-lived Agastya, was near the eastern seaside Kapāṭapuram and lasted three millennia. This was swallowed by floods. From the second Sangam, states the legend, the
1620:
5857:, he reached out to the monastery head Subrahmanya Desikar for access to its large library of preserved manuscripts. Desikar granted Aiyar permission to study and publish any manuscripts he wanted. There, Aiyar discovered a major source of preserved palm-leaf manuscripts of Sangam literature. Aiyar published his first print of the
6539:
also a "purely speculative" conjecture. The persistence of three gods – Siva, Murukavel and Kubera – in the legendary account and the classical Tamil literature, states
Zvelebil, suggests that the beginnings of Tamil literature and civilization were "closely connected with the cults" of these three gods in ancient Tamil Nadu.
6529:
worlds, on the firm big bench of stone in Kutal with cool Tamil great in words". While the context and the last part about Kutal echoes the existence of a Tamil scholar academy in
Madurai, it does not presuppose or confirm the existence of a full-fledged three sangam periods legend by the ninth century CE, states Wilden.
659:
According to
Zvelebil, within the myth there is a kernel of reality, and all literary evidence leads one to conclude that "such an academy did exist in Madurai (Maturai) at the beginning of the Christian era". The homogeneity of the prosody, language and themes in these poems confirms that the Sangam
649:
literature should be used instead. According to
Shulman, "there is not the slightest shred of evidence that any such literary academies ever existed", though there are many Pandya inscriptions that mention an academy of scholars. Of particular note, states Shulman, is the tenth-century CE Sinnamanur
6538:
According to
Zvelebil, the hypothesis proposed by some that the first and second academy may have referred to the Buddhist and Jaina monk assemblies can "hardly" be true. Rather, states Zvelebil, it is more likely that the first academy of poets existed sometime about 400–300 BCE – which he adds, is
6629:
According to George Hart, other than loan words, it is obvious to any scholar who has studied both classical
Sanskrit and classical Tamil that the mid to late Sangam literature (1st to 3rd century CE) and ancient Sanskrit literature are related. However, adds Hart, the earliest layer of the Sangam
6528:
This is, however, not the first inscription to support the sangam legend. According to Eva Wilden, the first inscription to hint the existence of a "sangam" legend is found in the
Erukkankuti plates of 829 CE. A part of this inscription says, "the lord of excellent Alankuti that is praised in the
551:
literally means "gathering, meeting, fraternity, academy". According to David
Shulman, a scholar of Tamil language and literature, the Tamil tradition believes that the Sangam literature arose in distant antiquity over three periods, each stretching over many millennia. The first has roots in the
843:
The Sangam literature was composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. According to
Nilakanta Sastri, the poets came from diverse backgrounds: some were from a royal family, some merchants, some farmers. At least 27 of the poets were women. These poets emerged, states Nilakanta Sastri, in a milieu
8283:
Paripāṭal Poem 1 Line 50 to 56 ஐந்தலை உயிரிய அணங்குடை அருந்திறல் மைந்துடை ஒருவனும்– you are the one with five heads who causes great fear and is one of great ability and strength – Sivan, மடங்கலும்நீ – one where all lives end, நலம் முழுது அளைஇய – with all benefits, புகர்அறு காட்சிப் புலமும்–
6428:
poems mention music and tune, signifying the development and the importance of musical arts in ancient Tamil Nadu. According to Zvelebil, these poems were likely from the late Sangam era (2nd or 3rd century CE) and attest to a sophisticated and prosperous ancient civilization.
87:
and Kapāṭapuram: the first lasted over 4,440 years, the second over 3,700 years, and the third over 1,850 years. Scholars consider this Tamil tradition-based chronology as ahistorical and mythical. Most scholars suggest the historical Sangam literature era, also called the
5988:
and the monasteries of Buddhism and Jainism. This Sangam era poem remained in the active memory and was significant to the Tamil people centuries later, as evidenced by its mention nearly 1,000 years later in the 11th- and 12th-century inscriptions and literary work.
6412:
The Sangam literature also emphasized on fair governance by Kings, who were often described as Sengol-valavan, the king who established just rule; the king was warned by priests that royal injustice would lead to divine punishment; and handing over of a royal
6560:
The private U.V. Swaminatha Aiyar library preserves the largest collection of Sangam era-related manuscripts. Other notable collections of Sangam literature manuscripts are found in the Saraswati Mahal library and the Tamil University manuscript library in
6213:; Extant Sangam literature works, dated between the third century BCE and the fifth century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils." There are no Mentions of
5979:
poem in the Ten Idylls group, for example, paints a description of the Chola capital, the king Karikal, the life in a harbor city with ships and merchandise for seafaring trade, the dance troupes, the bards and artists, the worship of the Hindu god
5739:
8315:
8270:
5722:
meter in early Sangam poetry has minor variations. The later Sangam era poems follow the same general meter rules, but sometimes feature 5 lines (4-4-4-3-4). The later Sangam age texts employ other meters as well, such as the Kali meter in
6020:
The Sangam poetry focuses on the culture and people. It is religious as well as non-religious, as there are several mentions of the Hindu gods and more substantial mentions of various gods in the shorter poems. The 33 surviving poems of
5992:
Sangam literature embeds evidence of loan words from Sanskrit, suggesting on-going linguistic and literary collaboration between ancient Tamil Nadu and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. One of the early loan words, for example, is
5852:
pundit, in particular, is credited with his discovery of major collections of the Sangam literature in 1883. During his personal visit to the Thiruvavaduthurai Adhinam – a Shaiva matha about twenty kilometers northeast of
126:
of oldest surviving Tamil grammar (Tolkappiyam), the Ettuttokai anthology (the "Eight Collections"), the Pathuppaattu anthology (the "Ten Songs"). The Tamil literature that followed the Sangam period – that is, after
7959:, Quote (p. 99): "Although the Middle/Late Vedic periods are the earliest for which we can reconstruct a linguistic map, the situation even at the time of the Indus Civilisation and certainly during the time of the
5717:
This metrical pattern, states Zvelebil, gives the Sangam poetry a "wonderful conciseness, terseness, pithiness", then an inner tension that is resolved at the end of the stanza. The metrical patterns within the
5956:, and the classical status of the Tamil language. While there is no evidence for the first and second mythical Sangams, the surviving literature attests to a group of scholars centered around the ancient
103:, a Tamil literature and history scholar, the most acceptable range for the Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within the texts and the
595:
by Perumparrap Nampi. The legend states that the third Sangam of 449 poet scholars worked over 1,850 years in northern Madurai (Pandyan kingdom). He lists six anthologies of Tamil poems (later a part of
152:– the most prolific poet – alone contributing just little less than 10% of the entire corpus. These poems vary between 3 and 782 lines long. The bardic poetry of the Sangam era is largely about love (
6445:
in collaboration with Durham Symphony, featured in Amazon's Top#10 'International Music albums' category in July 2020 and was called "A Major event in the world of Music" by The Hindu Music review.
645:
have been dismissed as frivolous by historiographers. Noted historians like Kamil Zvelebil have stressed that the use of 'Sangam literature' to describe this corpus of literature is a misnomer and
6608:– come from Munda or proto-Munda languages found in the eastern and northeastern (Assamese) region of India, with roots in Austro-Asiatic languages. The others in the list of 300 – such as
5751:. The folio languages include mainly Tamil and Sanskrit, with some Telugu; scripts include Tamil, Grantha and Telugu. It is currently preserved in U.V. Swaminatha Aiyar library in Chennai.
1503:
poetry uses metaphors and imagery to set the mood, never uses names of person or places, often leaves the context as well that the community will fill in and understand given their
844:
where the Tamil society had already interacted and inseparably amalgamated with north Indians (Indo-Aryan) and both sides had shared mythology, values and literary conventions.
8633:
6651:
and others mention god Murugan, his wife Valli, the iconographic peacock, and the Vedas; Murugan's mother – goddess Korravai (Amma, Uma, Parvati, Durga) is mentioned in
6616:– have Dravidian (Tamil, Telugu) roots found in the southern region of India, or are of Tibeto-Burman origins. The linguistic sharing provide clear indications, states
6551:, p. 14: "They had earlier felt secure in the concept of the Tamilakam, a vast area of "Tamilness" from the south of Dekhan in India to the north of Sri Lanka..."
858:
The available literature from this period was categorised and compiled in the tenth century CE into two categories based roughly on chronology. The categories are the
6057:) and various Hindu gods. They mention temples and shrines, confirming the significance of such cultural festivals and architectural practices to the Tamil culture.
8357:
5967:
The Sangam literature offers a window into some aspects of the ancient Tamil culture, secular and religious beliefs, and the people. For example, in the Sangam era
786:
The fourfold Vedic system of caste hierarchy did not exist during the Sangam period. The society was organised by occupational groups living apart from each other.
587:
A prose commentary by Nakkiranar – likely about the eighth century CE – describes this legend. The earliest known mention of the Sangam legend, however, appears in
9731:
7963:, cannot have been very different. There are clear indications that the speakers of Rigvedic Sanskrit knew, and interacted with, Dravidian and Munda speakers."
5747:(UVSL 589) with 100 folios, handwritten in miniature scripts by Shaiva Hindus. This multi-text manuscript includes many Tamil texts, including the Sangam era
8866:
8906:
5960:(Maturai) that shaped the "literary, academic, cultural and linguistic life of ancient Tamil Nadu", states Zvelebil. On their significance, Zvelebil quotes
8621:
Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press,
5781:
by 1860. Navalar – who translated the Bible into Tamil while working as an assistant to a Methodist Christian missionary, chose to defend and popularize
1519:
The early Sangam poetry diligently follows two meters, while the later Sangam poetry is a bit more diverse. The two meters found in the early poetry are
5813:, was the earliest scholar to systematically hunt for long-lost manuscripts and publish them using modern tools of textual criticism. These included:
99:
to 300 CE, while others variously place this early classical Tamil literature period a bit later and more narrowly but all before 300 CE. According to
9687:
8946:
122:, by colonial-era scholars in the late nineteenth century. The rediscovered Sangam classical collection is largely a bardic corpus. It comprises an
8397:
6843:
783:. The evidence on the early history of the Tamil kingdoms consists of the epigraphs of the region, the Sangam literature, and archaeological data.
110:
The Sangam literature had fallen into oblivion for much of the second millennium of the common era, but were preserved by and rediscovered in the
6191:. He is also known as Māyavan, Māmiyon, Netiyōn, and Māl in Sangam literature and considered as the most mentioned god in the Sangam literature.
5755:
The works of Sangam literature were lost and forgotten for most of the 2nd millennium. They were rediscovered by colonial-era scholars such as
6045:, Kama, goddesses such as Ganga, divine characters from classical love stories of India. One of the poems also mentions the "merciful men of
9292:
6159:
or the "dark one," as the Supreme deity who creates, sustains, and destroys the universe and was worshipped in the Plains and mountains of
10650:
6817:
6790:
339:
1668:
1385:
poetry is about exploits and heroic deeds in the context of war and public life. Approximately three-fourths of the Sangam poetry is
9229:
9214:
8973:
829:
809:
8210:
10726:
9736:
8499:
6438:
6421:
denoting decree to rule fairly, finds mention in texts such as the Purananooru, Kurunthogai, Perumpaanatrupadai, and Kalithogai.
5975:
boys". These poems also allude to historical incidents, ancient Tamil kings, the effect of war on loved ones and households. The
439:
327:
8760:
8572:
Rosen, Elizabeth S. (1975). "Prince ILango Adigal, Shilappadikaram (The anklet Bracelet), translated by Alain Damelou. Review".
7095:
3840:
2431:
1289:
9680:
9462:
9457:
9181:
8819:
8749:
8728:
8686:
8541:
8488:
8435:
8239:
8175:
8148:
8023:
7996:
7952:
7925:
7890:
7729:
7550:
7353:
7047:
6868:
6827:
6800:
6773:
6729:
9649:
3719:
1317:
833:
463:
365:
334:
8892:"Women, Transition, and Change: A Study of the Impact of Conflict and Displacement on Women in Traditional Tamil Society"
660:
literature was a community effort, a "group poetry". The Sangam literature is also referred sometimes with terms such as
148:
composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. Of these, 16 poets account for about 50% of the known Sangam literature, with
10711:
10655:
4963:
9272:
5791:
4596:
286:
10660:
10264:
8840:
8798:
8770:
8707:
8626:
8612:
8562:
8509:
8467:
8340:
8112:
7784:
7467:
7428:
7389:
7152:
6979:
6898:
6695:
5564:
5518:
5020:
10157:
9673:
6509:
821:
8634:"Chera, Chola, Pandya: using archaeological evidence to identify the Tamil kingdoms of early historic South India"
8138:
5345:
9624:
8229:
8165:
5952:
The Sangam literature is the historic evidence of indigenous literary developments in South India in parallel to
3749:
2585:
9381:
8398:
https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/mar/26/sangam-poems-in-contemporary-songs-1586219.html
7671:, Manuscri[pt Cultures, Vol. 10, Editors: Michael Friedrich and Jorg Quenzer, Universitat Hamburg, pages 129–142
1261:
415:
9021:
8167:
The Many Faces of Murukan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God. With the Poem Prayers to Lord Murukan
6153:) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. Sangam literature (200 BCE to 500 CE) mentions
1705:
291:
6049:", an evidence of interaction between the northern holy city of the Hindus with the Sangam poets. Some of the
1233:
698:
168. 18) referred to the whole of the ancient Tamil-speaking area, corresponding roughly to the area known as
391:
10282:
9467:
6479:
6060:
3178:
1240:
398:
6620:, that the people who spoke Rigvedic Sanskrit already knew and interacted with Munda and Dravidian speakers.
10741:
10236:
10226:
9741:
8966:
6041:– also from the Eight Anthologies group – mention Krishna, Shiva, Murugan, various Pandava brothers of the
3729:
3669:
1654:
8891:
8602:
8309:
8264:
6578:
This collaboration was two way, and evidence for this is found in the earliest known Hindu scripture, the
5944:(1923) all with scholarly commentaries. They published more than 100 works in all, including minor poems.
2277:
322:
9498:
9257:
5910:
4899:
4790:
3400:
243:
8446:
1247:
403:
10716:
10624:
9782:
9639:
9477:
4918:
4589:
4493:
3440:
3114:
2799:
2111:
1381:
poetry is about emotions and feelings in the context of romantic love, sexual union and eroticism. The
501:
17:
6768:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. p. 73.
3435:
1408:(திணை). This minor genre is based on the location or landscape in which the poetry is set. These are:
10731:
10675:
10640:
9644:
9101:
7669:
What a Multiple-text Manuscript Can Tell Us about the Tamil Scholarly Tradition: The Case of UVSL 589
5380:
5298:
5270:
4895:
4541:
3659:
3395:
1688:
1673:
1275:
427:
2341:
528:
298:
10736:
10670:
9711:
9482:
9386:
9114:
9066:
9016:
5513:
4451:
4444:
4423:
4132:
4022:
3994:
3724:
2619:
2406:
591:
by Appar in about the seventh century CE, while an extended version appears in the twelfth-century
8127:
A HISTORY OF INDIAN LITERATURE volume 10 TAMIL LITERATURE page number 49 written by Kamil Zvelebil
5099:
2381:
2297:
10721:
10287:
10165:
9716:
9697:
9634:
9608:
9282:
8959:
8375:
5806:
5760:
4666:
3879:
3784:
3709:
2895:
2817:
1710:
1678:
1324:
470:
80:
6663:
and elsewhere. She is both a mother goddess and the goddess of war and victory in Sangam poetry.
2857:
315:
310:
10746:
10297:
9763:
9371:
9176:
5940:
5420:
4956:
4865:
4795:
4631:
4260:
4029:
3689:
2595:
2272:
860:
236:
216:
8457:
7986:
7540:
7142:
6858:
5916:
767:
In the period between 300 BCE and 300 CE, Tamilakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties of
231:
9926:
9758:
9402:
9109:
9071:
8739:
8102:
7343:
6719:
5904:
5845:
5764:
5557:
4905:
4883:
4773:
4638:
4211:
3819:
3699:
3107:
3093:
2261:
882:
378:
272:
104:
9430:
9425:
9247:
7609:
Tschacher, Thorsten (2011). "Method and Theory in the Study of Caṅkam (Sangam) Literature".
2256:
1331:
475:
10665:
10213:
10023:
9893:
9224:
9119:
8501:
Early Interactions Between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross Cultural exchange
6588:
are neither Indo-Aryan nor Indo-European, states the Sanskrit and Vedic literature scholar
6504:
5928:
5744:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4768:
4430:
4008:
3978:
3809:
3714:
3610:
3345:
3239:
1589:
315 – state the prosody rules, enumerating the 34 component parts of ancient Tamil poetry.
1282:
1268:
1254:
434:
422:
410:
260:
32:
6792:
Love in Sanskrit and Tamil Literature: A Study of Characters and Nature, 200 B.C.-A.D. 500
8:
10680:
9946:
9861:
9856:
9805:
9721:
9513:
9472:
9308:
5820:
5463:
5015:
4923:
4816:
4652:
4183:
4045:
3789:
3679:
3664:
3570:
3510:
3475:
2960:
2872:
2491:
2150:
1761:
1663:
1634:
370:
5997:
from Sanskrit for a "spiritual guide or teacher", which in Sangam literature appears as
3061:
2251:
1310:
458:
10553:
10475:
10360:
9993:
9931:
9881:
9848:
9753:
9726:
9629:
9582:
9209:
8663:
8589:
8254:
Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan (1979).
8064:
8056:
7626:
7321:
6837:
6566:
6442:
5837:
5778:
5010:
4845:
4831:
4550:
4075:
3971:
3799:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3375:
3141:
3012:
2624:
2510:
1296:
1226:
887:
446:
386:
303:
5777:
first inaugurated the modern editions of Tamil classics, publishing a fine edition of
10612:
10365:
10274:
10137:
10063:
10028:
9998:
9973:
9941:
9911:
9906:
9876:
9790:
9420:
8914:
8836:
8815:
8794:
8766:
8745:
8724:
8703:
8682:
8667:
8622:
8608:
8558:
8537:
8505:
8484:
8463:
8431:
8336:
8235:
8171:
8144:
8108:
8068:
8019:
7992:
7948:
7921:
7907:
7886:
7780:
7725:
7630:
7546:
7518:
7463:
7424:
7385:
7349:
7148:
7043:
6975:
6894:
6864:
6823:
6796:
6769:
6725:
6721:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
6691:
6465:
6138:
5249:
5193:
5188:
5129:
5117:
5049:
4949:
4855:
4824:
4780:
4437:
4388:
4323:
4082:
4068:
3814:
3739:
3560:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3350:
3046:
2980:
2575:
2312:
1603:
866:
224:
8762:
Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in 19th and 20th Centuries
7082:
5789:
literature to wider attention. He brought the first Sangam text into print in 1851 (
5144:
3420:
2832:
2119:
756:
to 300 CE. It was named after the literature of poets and scholars of the legendary
10685:
10513:
10498:
10393:
10385:
10375:
10370:
10335:
10241:
10198:
10193:
10124:
10114:
10096:
10071:
10053:
10048:
10038:
10018:
10003:
9983:
9978:
9916:
9871:
9556:
9287:
8653:
8645:
8581:
8048:
7618:
7510:
7035:
6064:
5550:
5473:
5458:
5448:
5352:
5079:
5064:
5059:
5054:
4980:
4731:
4693:
4673:
4624:
4573:
4472:
4267:
4253:
4204:
4147:
3694:
3355:
3274:
3025:
2945:
2570:
1996:
1850:
1747:
853:
813:
358:
72:
10259:
6234:
6168:
6164:
5934:
5606:
The prosodic pattern in this poem follows the 4-4-3-4 feet per line, according to
4109:
267:
10503:
10485:
10460:
10345:
10330:
10251:
10231:
10175:
10109:
10043:
10008:
9988:
9921:
9833:
9813:
9795:
9654:
9577:
9518:
9219:
9135:
8830:
8809:
8788:
8718:
8697:
8676:
8552:
8531:
8520:
8478:
8330:
8013:
7942:
7915:
7880:
7774:
7719:
7457:
7418:
7379:
7064:
6969:
6915:
6888:
6685:
6473:
6102:
5961:
5770:
5756:
5538:
5453:
5322:
5308:
5031:
4937:
4860:
4808:
4617:
4521:
4465:
4402:
4218:
4119:
4015:
3764:
3744:
3615:
3490:
3470:
3390:
3086:
3072:
2970:
2950:
2913:
2505:
2500:
2227:
2106:
2070:
2015:
2010:
1837:
1555:) metrical feet, with similar equivalents in the Sanskrit prosody tradition. The
1303:
451:
9665:
2634:
2386:
2087:
10600:
10533:
10528:
10518:
10431:
10398:
10340:
10310:
10188:
10132:
10086:
9936:
9866:
9828:
9561:
9328:
8982:
7944:
The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity
7793:
7770:
6617:
6134:
6122:
6080:
5922:
5892:
5387:
5373:
5359:
5338:
5203:
5149:
5089:
5044:
4850:
4659:
4507:
4158:
4052:
4001:
3804:
3630:
3550:
3500:
3485:
3450:
3405:
3307:
3079:
2940:
2822:
2771:
2756:
2736:
2700:
2629:
2411:
2366:
2317:
2075:
1700:
1504:
803:
745:) is the period of the history of ancient Tamil Nadu and Kerala (then known as
730:
711:
672:
650:
inscription that mentions a Pandyan king who sponsored the "translation of the
255:
145:
100:
64:
56:
9376:
8409:
8192:
7437:
7312:
K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1950). "Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature".
7215:
6381:
6218:
6209:
6110:
5366:
2457:
2237:
2168:
1683:
580:
208:
10705:
10690:
10543:
10452:
10425:
10350:
10325:
10315:
10203:
10142:
10013:
9838:
9748:
9587:
9551:
9528:
9323:
9151:
9086:
9081:
9036:
9026:
8918:
8907:"Keezhadi excavations: Sangam era older than previously thought, finds study"
8018:. Museum of Fine Art Budapest, Hungarian National Gallery. pp. 108–111.
7522:
6924:
6499:
6494:
6188:
6167:
describe the glory of Perumal in the most poetic of terms. Many Poems of the
5233:
5198:
5163:
5005:
4514:
4479:
4416:
4362:
4355:
4316:
4309:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4197:
4141:
3759:
3704:
3684:
3674:
3654:
3625:
3535:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3264:
3186:
3100:
2933:
2882:
2781:
2716:
2555:
2322:
1776:
1552:
798:
776:
772:
757:
642:
543:
353:
7721:
A Sacred Thread: Modern Transmission of Hindu Traditions in India and Abroad
7514:
6936:
6117:
first when he made reference to deities in the different land divisions.The
5331:
3495:
3259:
2467:
2462:
10561:
10538:
10436:
10221:
10147:
9523:
9503:
9343:
9091:
9041:
9031:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8231:
Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu
7911:
7622:
6489:
6087:
was considered ageless (The god who stays for ever) and the Supreme god of
5872:
5508:
5238:
5208:
5069:
5039:
4486:
4395:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4274:
3932:
3754:
3590:
3585:
3545:
3455:
3445:
3415:
3385:
3320:
3224:
3146:
2877:
2842:
2766:
2741:
2670:
2520:
2371:
2163:
2158:
2057:
2044:
2039:
41:
8649:
7066:
A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar
6917:
A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar
2695:
10645:
10523:
10355:
10305:
10183:
9277:
9252:
9076:
8943:
sangamtranslationsbyvaidehi.com Sangam poetry with translation in English
8942:
7695:"Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature", Kamil V. Zvelebil
6589:
6249:
6146:
6072:
5886:
5854:
5826:
5498:
5394:
5280:
5228:
5084:
4557:
4281:
4174:
4104:
3917:
3871:
3832:
3734:
3575:
3565:
3430:
3299:
3289:
3158:
3153:
3056:
2955:
2847:
2837:
2807:
2776:
2685:
2452:
2266:
2189:
2181:
1983:
1752:
1511:
poetry is more direct, uses names and places, states Takanobu Takahashi.
702:
today, consisting of the territories of the present-day Indian states of
699:
652:
506:
76:
8039:
Hart III, George L. (1973). "Woman and the Sacred in Ancient Tamilnad".
7325:
6565:(Tamil Nadu), the Oriental Research Institute and Manuscript library of
10493:
10104:
9508:
9262:
8658:
8593:
8060:
6766:
India: Society, Religion and Literature in Ancient and Medieval Periods
6245:
6184:
5898:
5866:
5858:
5832:
5796:
5430:
5425:
5275:
5265:
5260:
5168:
5139:
5094:
4603:
4564:
4528:
4409:
4348:
3955:
3947:
3858:
3635:
3410:
3365:
3219:
3209:
2975:
2923:
2852:
2761:
2690:
2680:
2675:
2447:
2222:
2199:
2194:
1923:
1723:
1543:
is the stressed/long syllable in European prosody tradition, while the
876:
703:
694:
279:
248:
162:
119:
8448:
Pattupattu - Ten Tamil Idylls (Tamil Verses with Englilsh Translation)
7649:
7062:
7039:
6913:
6448:
Sangam poems are often quoted and paraphrased in modern Tamil cinema.
4996:
641:
These claims of the Sangams and the description of sunken land masses
10442:
9823:
9603:
9361:
9318:
9267:
8996:
7188:
6562:
6484:
6160:
6092:
6054:
5503:
5493:
5468:
5303:
5255:
5134:
4713:
4645:
4582:
4500:
4332:
3903:
3863:
3794:
3640:
3605:
3555:
3525:
3460:
3380:
3284:
3254:
3234:
2918:
2862:
2827:
2812:
2731:
2726:
2708:
2034:
1948:
1879:
1818:
1345:
746:
719:
715:
685:
681:
574:
518:
487:
203:
9366:
8585:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8078:
8052:
7857:
7542:
The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism
2515:
10605:
10508:
10470:
10320:
10033:
9961:
9435:
8358:"The Sengol — A historic sceptre with a deep Tamil Nadu connection"
6395:
6214:
6076:
6046:
5953:
5849:
5786:
5785:
against missionary polemics, in part by bringing ancient Tamil and
5782:
5533:
5243:
4785:
4341:
4167:
4124:
4091:
3942:
3937:
3910:
3620:
3600:
3530:
3480:
3360:
3249:
3165:
3136:
3131:
3000:
2990:
2887:
2867:
2791:
2786:
2751:
2421:
2401:
2361:
2327:
2307:
2287:
2173:
2049:
1784:
1742:
1737:
1611:
1452:– 500 short poems anthology – is an example of mutual love poetry.
175:
115:
7917:
The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
7568:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7481:
7479:
7205:
7203:
3848:
1338:
482:
9818:
9338:
8951:
8075:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6816:
University, Vijaya Ramaswamy, Jawaharlal Nehru (25 August 2017).
6580:
6414:
6346:
6253:
6200:
6034:
5985:
5972:
5957:
4988:
4718:
4708:
4458:
4379:
4371:
4188:
4114:
4099:
3896:
3595:
3540:
3279:
3229:
3199:
3194:
3066:
3041:
2928:
2560:
2439:
2416:
2391:
2302:
2292:
2101:
2065:
1953:
1938:
1933:
1869:
1864:
1828:
1823:
1810:
1548:
761:
569:
565:
557:
513:
179:
171:
149:
84:
45:
37:
7345:
Harmony of Religions: Vedānta Siddhānta Samarasam of Tāyumānavar
6179:. He is regarded to be the only deity who enjoyed the status of
4754:
2605:
2600:
2426:
1221:
The compilation of poems from Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku are as follows:
10577:
10081:
9968:
9901:
9333:
8741:
Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu
8332:
Middle Chola Temples Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I (A.D. 985-1070)
8314:. International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1969. p. 131.
8292:
8290:
8269:. International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1969. p. 131.
7966:
7845:
7833:
7637:
7590:
7578:
7559:
7476:
7398:
7200:
7034:. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press.
6418:
6404:
6260:
6241:
6230:
6226:
6195:
6176:
6172:
6155:
6114:
6096:
6088:
6084:
6068:
6026:
5981:
5810:
5774:
5415:
5074:
4723:
4537:
3853:
3580:
3465:
3370:
3340:
3335:
3269:
3244:
3033:
2903:
2746:
2721:
2660:
2545:
2540:
2530:
2472:
2396:
2356:
2351:
2282:
2207:
2142:
2127:
2029:
1973:
1958:
1904:
1884:
1797:
1792:
1629:
794:
780:
768:
707:
561:
167:
7758:
Enna Prayocanam?' Constructing the canon in colonial Tamilnadu
7706:
Enna Prayocanam?' Constructing the canon in colonial Tamilnadu
7227:
6988:
1592:
The prosody of an example early Sangam poem is illustrated by
656:
into Tamil" and established a "Madhurapuri (Madurai) Sangam".
9951:
9313:
8376:"A Major event in the world of Music- The Hindu Music Review"
6630:
literature "does not seem to be much influenced by Sanskrit".
6400:
6390:
6222:
6030:
4740:
4610:
4375:
3887:
3425:
3294:
3204:
3051:
3005:
2985:
2665:
2650:
2590:
2580:
2565:
2550:
2525:
2376:
2346:
2232:
2132:
1963:
1928:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1874:
1802:
1577:
890:, the compilation of Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku poems are as follows:
723:
553:
111:
8287:
7988:
The Relation Between Tamil and Classical Sanskrit Literature
7821:
7809:
6639:
Other Sangam poems mention gods and goddesses. For example,
10617:
10465:
10076:
9956:
9533:
9156:
8476:
7166:
7164:
7121:
7119:
7117:
3214:
2995:
2965:
2908:
2655:
2642:
2535:
2137:
1978:
1968:
1943:
1909:
1859:
1841:
1463:
poems as well, categories are sometimes based on activity:
7882:
Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights
7738:
7679:
7677:
7760:, Indian Economic Social History Review 2005 42:535, p544
7708:, Indian Economic Social History Review 2005 42:535, p544
7266:
63:), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' (
8898:
8790:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
7501:
Niklas, Ulrike (1988). "Introduction to Tamil Prosody".
7176:
7161:
7114:
6053:
love poems are set in the context of bathing festivals (
5971:
poem 202 is one of the earliest mentions of "pigtail of
40:
who is traditionally believed to have chaired the first
7674:
7278:
7096:"Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism in early Tamil History"
6149:, Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love (
6079:(who worship Murugan as the Supreme god). According to
2082:
1619:
7779:. BRILL Academic. pp. 108–109 with footnote 129.
7337:
7335:
7311:
160:), with the exception of the shorter poems such as in
8518:
8408:
Narumugaiye - A.R.Rahman - Mirchi Unplugged Season 1
7947:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 98–110 with footnotes.
7905:
7069:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–119, 330–335.
5799:). In 1868, Navalar published an early commentary on
1404:, can be subclassified into seven minor genre called
8498:
Manguin, Pierre-Yves; Mani, A.; Wade, Geoff (2011).
7718:
Dennis Hudson (1996). Raymond Brady Williams (ed.).
7256:
7254:
7239:
6890:
Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature
6455:
6437:
The first music album on Tamil Sangam poetry titled
141:– is generally called the "post-Sangam" literature.
7538:
7341:
7332:
740:
8867:"Carbon dating confirms Keeladi 3 centuries older"
8695:
8554:The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia
8170:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 34.
8140:Viraha Bhakti: The Early History of Krsna Devotion
7534:
7532:
7416:
7377:
6967:
9695:
7496:
7494:
7290:
7251:
6882:
6880:
6747:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6105:is indicated to be the deity associated with the
726:, although also influenced by the Sangam Period.
722:is distinguished from it and is known as Ilam or
10703:
8328:
5864:Together, these scholars printed and published
5659:the young-girl sprouts-brightness toothed-female
5651:little-white-snake of lovely-striped young-body
1527:. The fundamental metrical unit in these is the
1428:(பாலை) arid. In addition to the landscape based
8497:
8190:
8011:
7874:
7872:
7529:
7423:. BRILL Academic. pp. 5–9 with footnotes.
7384:. BRILL Academic. pp. 3–5 with footnotes.
7233:
7100:Sanskriti - Hinduism and Indian Culture Website
7063:Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1958).
6974:. BRILL Academic. pp. 1–3 with footnotes.
6914:Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1958).
6856:
6763:
6137:poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the
6075:(Who consider Vishnu as the Supreme Deity) and
5734:
1448:(unsuited, big genre) categories are used. The
584:survived and guided the third Sangam scholars.
8828:
8807:
8786:
8296:
8088:
8012:Ronald Ferenczi (2019). Róbert Válóczi (ed.).
7991:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 317–326.
7984:
7972:
7940:
7899:
7863:
7851:
7839:
7827:
7815:
7799:
7776:Handbook of Oriental Studies: Tamil Literature
7643:
7596:
7584:
7572:
7545:. Gregorian. pp. 124–127 with footnotes.
7503:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
7491:
7485:
7455:
7443:
7404:
7221:
7209:
7001:
6942:
6930:
6886:
6877:
6863:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 178–179.
6850:
6751:
6738:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6683:
6326:and you are the substance and meaning of all.
1547:is the unstressed/short syllable combination (
9681:
8967:
8884:
8858:
8720:Kāvya in South India: Old Tamil Caṅkam Poetry
8716:
8533:A Reference Grammar of Classical Tamil Poetry
7934:
7724:. Columbia University Press. pp. 23–37.
7717:
7462:. New Era Publications. pp. 1–7, 50–55.
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7078:
7076:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6907:
6717:
5835:(1887) - the first of the Eight Anthologies (
5558:
4957:
1357:Sangam literature is broadly classified into
729:In Indian history, the Sangam period or age (
79:. The Tamil tradition and legends link it to
8428:Social and Cultural History of Ancient India
7941:Michael Witzel (2012). George Erdosy (ed.).
7869:
6920:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–112.
6842:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6432:
6063:was an important reason for the increase in
5711:– Creative translator: A.K. Ramanujan (1967)
10651:Meitei associate official language movement
8607:(Second ed.). Routledge. p. 205.
8529:
8480:A Word Index of Old Tamil Caṅkam Literature
8444:
8410:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QatLrdzalew
7878:
7667:Jonas Buchholz and Giovanni Ciotti (2017),
7307:
7305:
6724:. Pearson Education India. pp. 27–28.
6704:
6271:
6240:There are two poems depicted as example of
6233:and considers Vishnu as The Supreme god in
6095:was considered young and a personal god of
1559:in the Sangam poems are combined to form a
1372:
1362:
734:
667:
9688:
9674:
8974:
8960:
8905:Jesudasan, Dennis S. (20 September 2019).
8157:
8047:(2). Cambridge University Press: 233–250.
7711:
7362:
7314:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
7073:
7030:Selby, Martha Ann, ed. (31 January 2011).
6948:
6815:
5673:English interpretation and translation of
5565:
5551:
4964:
4950:
537:
8904:
8657:
8557:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8430:. Lucknow: OnlineGatha—The Endless Tale.
8130:
7608:
7025:
7023:
6788:
6476:: open access Tamil literature repository
6358:But for your grace, for love, for virtue,
6145:) in the Sangam literature. According to
6025:in the "Eight Anthologies" group praises
564:as well as 545 sages including the famed
9230:Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition
8600:
8504:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
8455:
8100:
8038:
7459:Classical Tamil Prosody: An Introduction
7302:
7284:
7140:
6584:(1500–1200 BCE). About 300 words in the
5738:
886:("Eighteen Lesser Texts"). According to
830:The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature
793:
779:, and a few independent chieftains, the
671:
75:and is the earliest known literature of
31:
8835:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. BRILL.
8674:
8604:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
8227:
8163:
7920:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 252–255.
7803:
7744:
7348:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 78–79.
7182:
7170:
7125:
6439:Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil
6379:The other gods also referred to in the
3841:Sources and classification of scripture
1571:, while the line is referred to as the
864:("Eighteen Greater Texts") comprising
144:This collection contains 2381 poems in
36:Sculpture of the Ancient Tamil Siddhar
14:
10704:
8758:
8737:
8477:Thomas Lehmann; Thomas Malten (1992).
8425:
8355:
8318:from the original on 13 November 2017.
8273:from the original on 13 November 2017.
8248:
7683:
7655:
7500:
7272:
7245:
7194:
7020:
6548:
6308:among the stones, you are the diamond;
6199:"the red one", who is identified with
5687:with lovely stripes on its young body
1420:(மருதம்), riverine agricultural land;
174:. The Sangam literature also includes
9669:
9182:World Classical Tamil Conference 2010
8955:
8631:
8571:
8136:
8005:
7296:
7260:
7136:
7134:
7029:
6677:
2468:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
2463:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
8864:
8456:Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003).
8234:. Abhinav Publications. p. 27.
8143:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 156.
7141:Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003).
6265:
5663:bangle(s) possessing hand(s)-female"
1514:
834:Tamil history from Sangam literature
366:Tamil history from Sangam literature
8550:
8396:Sangam poems in contemporary songs
8378:. The Hindu Tamil. 28 February 2020
8137:Hardy, Friedhelm (1 January 2015).
8101:Zvelebil, Kamil (22 October 1974).
7617:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 4–14.
6819:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils
5699:her teeth like sprouts of new rice
166:which is more religious and praise
81:three legendary literary gatherings
27:Historic period of Tamil literature
24:
10656:Meitei classical language movement
8981:
8536:. American Philosophical Society.
8311:Journal of Tamil Studies, Volume 1
8266:Journal of Tamil Studies, Volume 1
7131:
6893:. BRILL Academic. pp. 12–13.
6399:"the victorious" (identified with
25:
10758:
10661:Meitei linguistic purism movement
9645:Ancient manuscript digitalisation
8936:
8865:Saju, M. T. (20 September 2019).
7611:Orientalistische Literaturzeitung
7085:, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011)
6389:"the sovereign" (identified with
5727:and the mixed Paripatal meter in
5592:vaḷaiyuṭaik kaiyaḷem maṇaṅki yōḷē
1531:(metreme), itself of two types –
1471:(invasion, preparation for war),
1412:(குறிஞ்சி), mountainous regions;
1352:
8451:. Tamil University (1985 print).
8164:Clothey, Fred W. (20 May 2019).
7658:, pp. 13–15 with footnotes.
7446:, pp. 65–71 with footnotes.
7224:, pp. 59–61 with footnotes.
6789:Nadarajah, Devapoopathy (1994).
6510:Vaishnavism in Ancient Tamilakam
6458:
6316:in the Veda, you are the secret;
5703:her wrists stacked with bangles
5532:
4995:
4931:
1618:
1389:themed, and about one fourth is
822:Sources of ancient Tamil history
71:), connotes the early classical
9625:Standardisation of Tamil script
8402:
8390:
8368:
8349:
8335:. Oriental Press. p. 291.
8322:
8302:
8277:
8257:
8221:
8203:
8184:
8121:
8094:
8032:
7978:
7763:
7750:
7698:
7689:
7661:
7602:
7449:
7410:
7088:
7056:
7007:
6933:, pp. 9–10 with footnotes.
6754:, pp. 45–49 with footnotes
6633:
6623:
6592:. Of these 300, many – such as
6572:
6554:
6542:
6532:
6522:
6362:O god with the rich garland of
6356:not for gold, not for pleasure;
6318:among elements, the primordial;
5947:
5580:ciṟuveḷ ḷaravi ṉavvarik kuruḷai
1070:
892:
874:, "Eight Anthologies") and the
847:
749:), and parts of Sri Lanka from
10727:Cultural history of Tamil Nadu
8519:P. Meenakshi Sundaram (1965).
7906:Franklin C Southworth (2016).
7509:(1). PERSEE, France: 165–227.
7197:, p. 12 with footnote 25.
6945:, pp. 7–8 with footnotes.
6809:
6782:
6757:
6690:. Clarendon Press. p. 1.
6424:Further, the colophons of the
6320:in the burning sun, the light;
6037:. Similarly, the 150 poems of
5655:jungle elephant troubling like
1706:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
1444:(ill matched, one sided), and
13:
1:
8759:Wilson, A.Jeyaratnam (2000).
8699:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
8551:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003).
7961:earliest texts of the Rigveda
7420:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
7381:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
6971:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
6764:Roma Chatterjee, ed. (2021).
6670:
6480:List of historic Indian texts
6131:the paripadal-metre anthology
5882:Tholkappiyam Senavariyar urai
4762:Other society-related topics:
2458:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
1440:(well matched, mutual love),
750:
135:
128:
93:
8814:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
8681:. Harvard University Press.
8601:Nath sen, Sailendra (1999).
8329:Balasubrahmanyam, S (1977).
8107:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
8041:The Journal of Asian Studies
7539:Abraham Mariaselvam (1988).
7342:Thomas Manninezhath (1993).
6822:. Rowman & Littlefield.
6795:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
6322:in moonshine, its sweetness;
6312:among virtues, you are love;
6109:(pastoral landscape) in the
6001:(priest, teacher, scholar),
5735:Preservation and rediscovery
5691:troubles the jungle elephant
5667:– Translator: Kamil Zvelebil
5621: – – / – – / = – / – –
5619: = – / = – / – = / = –
4873:Hinduism and other religions
3670:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
1416:(முல்லை), pastoral forests;
676:South India in Sangam Period
184:
7:
9499:Megalithic graffiti symbols
9258:Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam
8696:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
8522:History of Tamil Literature
8356:Charan, Sai (24 May 2023).
7885:. Penguin. pp. 23–24.
7417:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
7378:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
7015:The Poems of Ancient Tamil,
6968:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
6451:
6354:We pray you not for wealth,
6306:in blossoms, the fragrance;
5625: = = / – = / = – / – –
5374:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
5150:Aparigraha (non-possession)
4618:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
4590:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2323:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
2267:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
2262:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
1424:(நெய்தல்) coastal regions;
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1078:
1050:
1031:
1012:
993:
974:
955:
936:
917:
900:
741:
619:(400 Tinai landscape poems)
10:
10763:
9732:list by number of speakers
9640:Printing in Tamil language
8738:Wilden, Eva Maria (2014).
8418:
6649:Tirumurukarruppatai 83–103
6304:In fire, you are the heat;
6203:, whose name is literally
6061:Religion in the Sangam age
5588:kiḷaiyaṇ muḷaivā ḷeyiṟṟaḷ
5360:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
5339:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
4494:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
3179:Gurus, sants, philosophers
3115:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
2303:Uparati (self-settledness)
1214:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1188:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1136:
1133:
1123:
1120:
1110:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1084:
1081:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
988:
985:
982:
979:
969:
966:
963:
960:
950:
947:
944:
941:
931:
928:
925:
922:
912:
909:
906:
903:
851:
838:
819:
541:
502:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
10712:Tamil-language literature
10633:
10590:
10570:
10552:
10484:
10451:
10418:
10411:
10384:
10296:
10273:
10250:
10212:
10174:
10156:
10123:
10095:
10062:
9892:
9847:
9804:
9781:
9772:
9704:
9617:
9596:
9570:
9542:
9491:
9448:
9411:
9395:
9352:
9301:
9238:
9197:
9190:
9169:
9144:
9128:
9100:
9059:
9052:
8989:
7773:(1975). Jan Gonda (ed.).
6433:Modern musical renditions
6295:அனைத்தின் உட்பொருளும் நீ;
6272:
6126:
5641:A literal translation of
3660:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
2318:Samadhana (concentration)
2182:Three paths to liberation
1689:Tribal religions in India
1674:Historical Vedic religion
1669:Indus Valley Civilisation
1373:
1363:
789:
735:
526:
493:
376:
345:
278:
223:
214:
195:
187:
9387:Tamil Lexicon dictionary
9067:Bangalore Tamil dialects
8459:A Brief History of India
7756:A.R. Venkatachalapathy,
7704:A.R. Venkatachalapathy,
7144:A Brief History of India
7017:U of California P, 1975.
6857:Hartmut Scharfe (1977).
6515:
6229:are said to be forms Of
6183:(achieving oneness with
6163:.The Earliest verses of
5848:– a Tamil scholar and a
5514:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
5367:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
5157:Anuvratas (further vows)
2494:, sacrifice, and charity
1567:are connected to form a
1396:Sangam literature, both
1290:Tiṉaimalai Nūṟṟu Aimpatu
760:centered in the city of
668:Historical Sangam period
664:or "Sangam age poetry".
10166:Sri Lankan Creole Malay
9698:languages of South Asia
9635:Simplified Tamil script
9283:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
8829:Kamil Zvelebil (1975).
8808:Kamil Zvelebil (1974).
8787:Kamil Zvelebil (1973).
8675:Shulman, David (2016).
8632:Shinu, Abraham (2003).
8525:. Annamalai University.
7985:George L. Hart (1976).
7515:10.3406/befeo.1988.1744
7456:Kamil Zvelebil (1989).
6887:Kamil Zvelebil (1992).
6684:K Kailasapathy (1968).
6368:with rolling clusters!
6289:வெஞ் சுடர் ஒளியும் நீ;
6248:, one in the praise of
6113:. Tolkappiyar Mentions
5683:As a little white snake
5600:, Author: Catti Nataanr
5123:Mahavratas (major vows)
4667:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
3880:Timeline of Hindu texts
3785:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
2818:Pumsavana Simantonayana
2473:Śabda (word, testimony)
1711:Epic-Puranic chronology
1679:Dravidian folk religion
538:Legendary Tamil Sangams
9372:Purapporul Venbamaalai
9177:World Tamil Conference
8717:Herman Tieken (2001).
8462:. Simon and Schuster.
8193:"2. The Sangam Period"
7866:, pp. 5–8, 51–56.
7623:10.1524/olzg.2011.0002
7147:. Simon and Schuster.
6860:Grammatical Literature
6718:Upinder Singh (2008).
6661:Perumpanarruppatai 459
6377:
6302:
6291:திங்களுள் அளியும் நீ;
6283:மறத்தினுள் மைந்து நீ;
6279:சொல்லினுள் வாய்மை நீ;
6277:கல்லினுள் மணியும் நீ;
6269:
6175:as the Supreme god of
5765:U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar
5752:
5715:
5671:
5639:
5636:in Tamil terminology.
5604:
5584:kāṉa yāṉai aṇaṅki yāaṅ
5421:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
5332:Samayasāra (Digambara)
5145:Brahmacarya (chastity)
4632:Eighteen Greater Texts
4261:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
3690:Krishnananda Saraswati
2934:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
2448:Pratyakṣa (perception)
2308:Titiksha (forbearance)
817:
677:
631:(500 very short poems)
593:Tiruvilaiyatal puranam
440:Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu
217:Eighteen Greater Texts
48:
9403:Yāḻpāna Vaipava Mālai
9072:Central Tamil dialect
9022:Proto-South Dravidian
8744:. Walter de Gruyter.
8650:10.1353/asi.2003.0031
8211:"In praise of Vishnu"
8191:Dr.C.R.Krishnamurti.
7234:Manguin et al. (2011)
6351:
6335:Paripadal, iii: 63-68
6281:அறத்தினுள் அன்பு நீ;
6275:பூவினுள் நாற்றம் நீ;
5829:-Porulatikaram (1885)
5807:C.W. Damodaram Pillai
5761:C.W. Damodaram Pillai
5742:
5679:
5647:
5623: = – / = – / = –
5616:
5614:, Sangam meter rule:
5576:
5140:Asteya (non-stealing)
5130:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
4748:Varna-related topics:
4639:Eighteen Lesser Texts
4212:Devi Bhagavata Purana
3108:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
3094:Achintya Bheda Abheda
3026:Philosophical schools
2328:Ahamkara (attachment)
2288:Vairagya (dispassion)
2216:Mokṣa-related topics:
1585:– particularly after
797:
675:
379:Eighteen Lesser Texts
67:: சான்றோர் செய்யுள்,
35:
9468:Indo-Aryan languages
9293:Tamil Ganaptya texts
9225:List of Sangam poets
9170:Global organizations
8530:V. S. Rajam (1992).
8445:JV Chelliah (1946).
8228:Padmaja, T. (2002).
7879:Frits Staal (2008).
7013:George L. Hart III,
6505:List of Sangam poets
6339:—F Gros, K Zvelebil
6287:பூதத்து முதலும் நீ;
5878:Nachinarkiniyar Urai
5745:palm-leaf manuscript
5299:Schools and Branches
4880:Hinduism and Jainism
3810:Vethathiri Maharishi
3715:Nisargadatta Maharaj
2283:Viveka (discernment)
1658:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
1491:(elegy and praise),
589:Tirupputtur Tantakam
10742:Dravidian languages
10681:Pure Tamil movement
10237:Southern Nicobarese
9473:Dravidian languages
9273:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
8297:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
8091:, pp. 123–128.
8089:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7973:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7864:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7852:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7840:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7828:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7816:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
7800:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7747:, pp. 301–303.
7644:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7597:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7585:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7573:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7486:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7444:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7405:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
7222:Kamil Zvelebil 1975
7210:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
7002:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
6943:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
6931:Kamil Zvelebil 1974
6752:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
6687:Tamil Heroic Poetry
6314:in valour—strength;
6273:தீயினுள் தெறல் நீ;
6207:"the youth" in the
6071:Primarily followed
5821:Iraiyanar Akapporul
5792:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
5749:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
5695:this slip of a girl
5539:Religion portal
5229:The 24 Tirthankaras
4938:Hinduism portal
4817:Hinduism by country
4653:Iraiyanar Akapporul
4597:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
3680:Dayananda Saraswati
3665:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
3571:Sripada Srivallabha
3511:Raghunatha Siromani
3476:Narasimha Saraswati
2453:Anumāṇa (inference)
1137:Uruttirankannaiyar
1111:Mutattamakkanniyar
1091:Tirumurukarruppatai
1075:
897:
880:("Ten Idylls") and
371:Ancient Tamil music
287:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
10591:Prestige language-
10227:Central Nicobarese
9630:Tanittamil Iyakkam
9583:Tamil onomatopoeia
9210:Tamil books of Law
8871:The Times of India
8702:. BRILL Academic.
8638:Asian Perspectives
7908:Hock, Hans Henrich
7802:, pp. 45–46;
7275:, p. 123–136.
6567:Thiruvananthapuram
6443:Rajan Somasundaram
6017:(a poetic meter).
5817:Viracoliyam (1881)
5753:
5346:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
4832:Caribbean Shaktism
4551:Kanakadhara Stotra
3800:U. G. Krishnamurti
3780:Satyadhyana Tirtha
3376:Gangesha Upadhyaya
3034:Six Astika schools
2278:Ānanda (happiness)
2257:Anātman (non-self)
1563:(foot), while the
1202:Uruttirankannanar
1163:Mankuti Marutanar
1130:Perumpanarruppatai
1071:
893:
888:Takanobu Takahashi
818:
682:Old Tamil language
678:
328:Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
59:: சங்க இலக்கியம்,
49:
10717:Sangam literature
10699:
10698:
10613:Perso-Arabization
10586:
10585:
10407:
10406:
9663:
9662:
9650:Formation of CICT
9444:
9443:
9421:Asthana Kolahalam
9205:Sangam literature
9165:
9164:
8821:978-3-447-01582-0
8751:978-3-11-035276-4
8730:978-90-6980-134-6
8688:978-0-674-97465-4
8543:978-0-87169-199-6
8490:978-3-515-05814-8
8437:978-93-86352-69-9
8241:978-81-7017-398-4
8177:978-3-11-080410-2
8150:978-81-208-3816-1
8025:978-615-5304-84-2
7998:978-3-447-01785-5
7975:, pp. 13–14.
7954:978-3-11-081643-3
7927:978-3-11-042330-3
7892:978-0-14-309986-4
7854:, pp. 57–58.
7842:, pp. 51–56.
7806:, pp. 28–30.
7731:978-0-231-10779-2
7686:, pp. 35–39.
7646:, pp. 83–84.
7599:, pp. 67–72.
7587:, pp. 71–72.
7575:, pp. 66–67.
7552:978-88-7653-118-7
7488:, pp. 65–68.
7407:, pp. 50–56.
7355:978-81-208-1001-3
7212:, pp. 10–11.
7185:, pp. 28–29.
7173:, pp. 25–28.
7128:, pp. 27–28.
7083:Sangam Literature
7049:978-0-231-52158-1
7040:10.7312/selb15064
7032:Tamil Love Poetry
6870:978-3-447-01706-0
6829:978-1-5381-0686-0
6802:978-81-208-1215-4
6775:978-93-5409-122-3
6731:978-81-317-1120-0
6466:Literature portal
6343:
6342:
6310:in speech, truth;
6139:Eight Anthologies
6133:) is a classical
5632:, while "–" is a
5575:
5574:
5194:Micchami Dukkadam
5189:Bhaktamara Stotra
5118:Ethics of Jainism
4974:
4973:
4825:Balinese Hinduism
4324:Markandeya Purana
3561:Satyanatha Tirtha
3516:Raghuttama Tirtha
3506:Raghavendra Swami
3351:Ramdas Kathiababa
2432:Sources of dharma
2298:Dama (temperance)
2293:Sama (equanimity)
1659:
1515:Style and prosody
1276:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
1219:
1218:
1117:Cirupanarruppatai
1104:Porunararruppatai
1069:
1068:
883:Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku
861:Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku
826:Sangam literature
801:is the author of
625:(400 Outer poems)
613:(400 short poems)
605:Netuntokai nanuru
535:
534:
531:
495:Bhakti Literature
428:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
340:Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
335:Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai
225:Eight Anthologies
197:Sangam literature
190:Sangam literature
53:Sangam literature
16:(Redirected from
10754:
10732:Hindu literature
10686:Sanskrit revival
10676:Punjabi Movement
10641:Bengali movement
10416:
10415:
9783:Great Andamanese
9779:
9778:
9690:
9683:
9676:
9667:
9666:
9557:Tamil honorifics
9288:Vinayagar Agaval
9253:Kampa Irāmāyaṉam
9215:Five Great Epics
9195:
9194:
9057:
9056:
8976:
8969:
8962:
8953:
8952:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8925:
8902:
8896:
8895:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8877:
8862:
8846:
8832:Tamil Literature
8825:
8811:Tamil Literature
8804:
8783:
8781:
8779:
8755:
8734:
8713:
8692:
8671:
8661:
8618:
8597:
8580:(1/2): 148–150.
8568:
8547:
8526:
8515:
8494:
8473:
8452:
8441:
8412:
8406:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8383:
8372:
8366:
8365:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8306:
8300:
8294:
8285:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8261:
8255:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8225:
8219:
8218:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8134:
8128:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8104:Tamil Literature
8098:
8092:
8086:
8073:
8072:
8036:
8030:
8029:
8009:
8003:
8002:
7982:
7976:
7970:
7964:
7958:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7876:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7831:
7825:
7819:
7813:
7807:
7797:
7791:
7790:
7767:
7761:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7715:
7709:
7702:
7696:
7693:
7687:
7681:
7672:
7665:
7659:
7653:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7634:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7576:
7570:
7557:
7556:
7536:
7527:
7526:
7498:
7489:
7483:
7474:
7473:
7453:
7447:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7414:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7375:
7360:
7359:
7339:
7330:
7329:
7309:
7300:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7264:
7258:
7249:
7243:
7237:
7231:
7225:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7159:
7158:
7138:
7129:
7123:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7107:
7102:. 26 August 2015
7092:
7086:
7080:
7071:
7070:
7060:
7054:
7053:
7027:
7018:
7011:
7005:
7004:, pp. 9–10.
6999:
6986:
6985:
6965:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6884:
6875:
6874:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6841:
6833:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6736:
6735:
6715:
6702:
6701:
6681:
6664:
6637:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6576:
6570:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6536:
6530:
6526:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6297:
6296:
6285:வேதத்து மறை நீ;
6266:
6128:
6065:Tamil Literature
5763:(1832–1901) and
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5601:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5537:
5536:
5474:Shravanabelagola
5381:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
5353:Tattvartha Sutra
4999:
4976:
4975:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4896:and Christianity
4866:Pilgrimage sites
4796:Reform movements
4674:Vinayagar Agaval
4625:Five Great Epics
4574:Tamil literature
4473:Sushruta Samhita
4268:Bhavishya Purana
4254:Brahmanda Purana
4205:Bhagavata Purana
4133:Other scriptures
3695:Mahavatar Babaji
3275:Satyakama Jabala
2946:Ganesh Chaturthi
2800:Rites of passage
2313:Shraddha (faith)
1731:Major traditions
1657:
1622:
1599:
1598:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1283:Aintinai Eḻupatu
1269:Aintiṇai Aimpatu
1262:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
1248:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
1215:Perunkaucikanar
1076:
913:Number of poets
898:
854:Sangam landscape
814:Tamil literature
810:five great epics
758:Sangam academies
755:
752:
744:
738:
737:
611:Kuruntokai anuru
607:(400 long poems)
527:
435:Aintinai Eḻupatu
423:Aintiṇai Aimpatu
416:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
404:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
359:Sangam landscape
185:
140:
137:
133:
130:
98:
95:
92:, spanned from
73:Tamil literature
21:
10762:
10761:
10757:
10756:
10755:
10753:
10752:
10751:
10737:Jain literature
10702:
10701:
10700:
10695:
10671:Nepali movement
10629:
10625:Sanskritisation
10593:
10592:
10582:
10566:
10548:
10480:
10461:Arabi Malayalam
10447:
10403:
10380:
10292:
10269:
10246:
10208:
10170:
10152:
10119:
10091:
10058:
9888:
9843:
9800:
9774:
9768:
9700:
9694:
9664:
9659:
9655:Project Madurai
9613:
9597:Transliteration
9592:
9578:Tamil phonology
9566:
9544:
9538:
9519:Pallava grantha
9487:
9451:other languages
9450:
9440:
9414:natural science
9413:
9412:Mathematics and
9407:
9391:
9354:
9348:
9297:
9240:
9234:
9220:Ponniyin Selvan
9186:
9161:
9140:
9136:Malaysian Tamil
9129:Southeast Asian
9124:
9096:
9048:
9017:Proto-Dravidian
8985:
8980:
8947:Vaidehi Herbert
8939:
8934:
8933:
8923:
8921:
8903:
8899:
8890:
8889:
8885:
8875:
8873:
8863:
8859:
8849:
8843:
8822:
8801:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8752:
8731:
8710:
8689:
8615:
8586:10.2307/3250226
8565:
8544:
8512:
8491:
8470:
8438:
8426:Anjali (2017).
8421:
8416:
8415:
8407:
8403:
8395:
8391:
8381:
8379:
8374:
8373:
8369:
8354:
8350:
8343:
8327:
8323:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8295:
8288:
8282:
8278:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8253:
8249:
8242:
8226:
8222:
8217:. 24 July 2014.
8209:
8208:
8204:
8189:
8185:
8178:
8162:
8158:
8151:
8135:
8131:
8126:
8122:
8115:
8099:
8095:
8087:
8076:
8053:10.2307/2052342
8037:
8033:
8026:
8010:
8006:
7999:
7983:
7979:
7971:
7967:
7955:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7904:
7900:
7893:
7877:
7870:
7862:
7858:
7850:
7846:
7838:
7834:
7826:
7822:
7814:
7810:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7755:
7751:
7743:
7739:
7732:
7716:
7712:
7703:
7699:
7694:
7690:
7682:
7675:
7666:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7642:
7638:
7607:
7603:
7595:
7591:
7583:
7579:
7571:
7560:
7553:
7537:
7530:
7499:
7492:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7454:
7450:
7442:
7438:
7431:
7415:
7411:
7403:
7399:
7392:
7376:
7363:
7356:
7340:
7333:
7310:
7303:
7295:
7291:
7285:Nath sen (1999)
7283:
7279:
7271:
7267:
7259:
7252:
7244:
7240:
7232:
7228:
7220:
7216:
7208:
7201:
7193:
7189:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7139:
7132:
7124:
7115:
7105:
7103:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7081:
7074:
7061:
7057:
7050:
7028:
7021:
7012:
7008:
7000:
6989:
6982:
6966:
6949:
6941:
6937:
6929:
6925:
6912:
6908:
6901:
6885:
6878:
6871:
6855:
6851:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6814:
6810:
6803:
6787:
6783:
6776:
6762:
6758:
6750:
6739:
6732:
6716:
6705:
6698:
6682:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6667:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6577:
6573:
6559:
6555:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6533:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6474:Project Madurai
6464:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6435:
6409:"the sea god".
6374:Pari. v.: 78–81
6370:
6367:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6299:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6258:
5962:A. K. Ramanujan
5950:
5783:Shaiva Hinduism
5771:Arumuka Navalar
5757:Arumuka Navalar
5737:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5638:
5628:Note: "=" is a
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5620:
5603:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5571:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5489:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5446:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5411:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5326:
5325:
5323:Jain literature
5314:
5313:
5296:
5295:
5286:
5285:
5224:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5204:Ṇamōkāra mantra
5184:
5183:
5174:
5173:
5115:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5035:
5034:
4970:
4932:
4930:
4911:
4910:
4904:
4874:
4840:
4819:
4811:
4801:
4800:
4763:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4576:
4544:
4466:Charaka Samhita
4445:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
4403:Shilpa Shastras
4382:
4335:
4219:Naradiya Purana
4191:
4186:
4161:
4135:
4094:
3958:
3890:
3874:
3843:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3770:Shirdi Sai Baba
3765:Sathya Sai Baba
3745:Ramana Maharshi
3649:
3616:Vadiraja Tirtha
3611:Vācaspati Miśra
3491:Srinivasacharya
3471:Narahari Tirtha
3451:Matsyendranatha
3436:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
3401:Jagannatha Dasa
3391:Haridasa Thakur
3310:
3189:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3126:
3087:Vishishtadvaita
3036:
3028:
3018:
3017:
2971:Makar Sankranti
2951:Vasant Panchami
2914:Maha Shivaratri
2898:
2802:
2711:
2645:
2614:
2495:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2442:
2336:
2273:Prajña (wisdom)
2269:
2246:
2210:
2184:
2153:
2122:
2120:Meaning of life
2107:God in Hinduism
2096:
2060:
2058:Supreme reality
2035:Subtle elements
2024:
2005:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1844:
1813:
1787:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1732:
1726:
1716:
1715:
1660:
1655:Hindu synthesis
1651:
1646:
1517:
1467:(cattle raid),
1355:
1318:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
1234:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
910:Lines in poems
907:Original poems
856:
850:
841:
836:
820:Main articles:
792:
753:
670:
662:caṅka ilakkiyam
546:
540:
464:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
392:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
138:
131:
96:
61:caṅka ilakkiyam
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10760:
10750:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10722:Indian poetics
10719:
10714:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10666:Newar movement
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10637:
10635:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10627:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10610:
10609:
10608:
10601:Englishisation
10597:
10595:
10588:
10587:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10580:
10574:
10572:
10568:
10567:
10565:
10564:
10558:
10556:
10550:
10549:
10547:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10490:
10488:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10457:
10455:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10445:
10440:
10439:(Undeciphered)
10434:
10429:
10422:
10420:
10413:
10409:
10408:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10401:
10396:
10390:
10388:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10302:
10300:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10290:
10285:
10279:
10277:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10262:
10256:
10254:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10218:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10180:
10178:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10168:
10162:
10160:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10129:
10127:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10101:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10068:
10066:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9965:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9898:
9896:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9886:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9853:
9851:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9810:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9798:
9793:
9787:
9785:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9745:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9708:
9706:
9702:
9701:
9693:
9692:
9685:
9678:
9670:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9621:
9619:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9611:
9606:
9600:
9598:
9594:
9593:
9591:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9574:
9572:
9568:
9567:
9565:
9564:
9562:Tamil numerals
9559:
9554:
9548:
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9495:
9493:
9489:
9488:
9486:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9454:
9452:
9446:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9433:
9431:Kaṇita Tīpikai
9428:
9426:Kaṇakkatikāram
9423:
9417:
9415:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9405:
9399:
9397:
9393:
9392:
9390:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9358:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9305:
9303:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9244:
9242:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9192:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9179:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9148:
9146:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9138:
9132:
9130:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9106:
9104:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9063:
9061:
9054:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8993:
8991:
8987:
8986:
8983:Tamil language
8979:
8978:
8971:
8964:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8938:
8937:External links
8935:
8932:
8931:
8897:
8883:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8848:
8847:
8841:
8826:
8820:
8805:
8799:
8784:
8771:
8756:
8750:
8735:
8729:
8714:
8708:
8693:
8687:
8672:
8644:(2): 207–223.
8629:
8619:
8613:
8598:
8569:
8563:
8548:
8542:
8527:
8516:
8510:
8495:
8489:
8483:. F. Steiner.
8474:
8468:
8453:
8442:
8436:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8401:
8389:
8367:
8348:
8341:
8321:
8301:
8286:
8276:
8256:
8247:
8240:
8220:
8202:
8183:
8176:
8156:
8149:
8129:
8120:
8113:
8093:
8074:
8031:
8024:
8004:
7997:
7977:
7965:
7953:
7933:
7926:
7898:
7891:
7868:
7856:
7844:
7832:
7820:
7808:
7792:
7785:
7771:Kamil Zvelebil
7762:
7749:
7737:
7730:
7710:
7697:
7688:
7673:
7660:
7648:
7636:
7601:
7589:
7577:
7558:
7551:
7528:
7490:
7475:
7468:
7448:
7436:
7429:
7409:
7397:
7390:
7361:
7354:
7331:
7301:
7289:
7287:, p. 205.
7277:
7265:
7250:
7238:
7236:, p. 138.
7226:
7214:
7199:
7187:
7175:
7160:
7153:
7130:
7113:
7087:
7072:
7055:
7048:
7019:
7006:
6987:
6980:
6947:
6935:
6923:
6906:
6899:
6876:
6869:
6849:
6828:
6808:
6801:
6781:
6774:
6756:
6737:
6730:
6703:
6696:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6632:
6622:
6618:Michael Witzel
6571:
6553:
6541:
6531:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6470:
6469:
6453:
6450:
6434:
6431:
6352:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6330:
6329:
6300:
6293:அனைத்தும் நீ;
6081:Kamil Zvelebil
5949:
5946:
5893:Silappatikaram
5843:
5842:
5830:
5824:
5818:
5767:(1855–1942).
5736:
5733:
5680:
5675:Kuruntokai 119
5648:
5643:Kuruntokai 119
5617:
5610:, also called
5598:Kuruntokai 119
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5391:
5388:Silappatikaram
5384:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4902:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4769:Discrimination
4765:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4660:Abirami Antati
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4508:Ramcharitmanas
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4459:Pramana Sutras
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4431:Mimamsa Sutras
4427:
4424:Samkhya Sutras
4420:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4389:Dharma Shastra
4384:
4383:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4023:Shvetashvatara
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3995:Brihadaranyaka
3990:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3805:Upasni Maharaj
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:Vedanta Desika
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3551:Samarth Ramdas
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Purandara Dasa
3498:
3493:
3488:
3486:Nimbarkacharya
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Jayanta Bhatta
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Raksha Bandhan
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Simantonnayana
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:Carnatic music
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Bhagavata Mela
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:Kundalini yoga
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2151:Stages of life
2149:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:God and gender
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2045:Gross elements
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:Itihasa-Purana
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1551:(dibrach) and
1516:
1513:
1505:oral tradition
1377:, outer). The
1367:, inner), and
1354:
1353:Classification
1351:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1332:Mutumoḻikkānci
1328:
1325:Ciṟupañcamūlam
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:Malaipatukatam
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
934:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
852:Main article:
849:
846:
840:
837:
804:Silappatikaram
791:
788:
754: 300 BCE
712:Andhra Pradesh
700:southern India
669:
666:
639:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
542:Main article:
539:
536:
533:
532:
524:
523:
521:
516:
510:
509:
504:
498:
497:
491:
490:
485:
479:
478:
476:Mutumoḻikkānci
473:
471:Ciṟupañcamūlam
467:
466:
461:
455:
454:
449:
443:
442:
437:
431:
430:
425:
419:
418:
413:
407:
406:
401:
395:
394:
389:
383:
382:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
356:
350:
349:
347:Related topics
343:
342:
337:
331:
330:
325:
319:
318:
313:
307:
306:
301:
299:Malaipaṭukaṭām
295:
294:
289:
283:
282:
276:
275:
270:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
246:
240:
239:
234:
228:
227:
221:
220:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
193:
192:
101:Kamil Zvelebil
97: 300 BCE
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10759:
10748:
10747:Indian poetry
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10692:
10691:Urdu movement
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10638:
10636:
10632:
10626:
10623:
10619:
10616:
10615:
10614:
10611:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10589:
10579:
10576:
10575:
10573:
10569:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10555:
10551:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10489:
10487:
10483:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10454:
10450:
10444:
10441:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10414:
10410:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10387:
10383:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10299:
10295:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10280:
10278:
10276:
10272:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10173:
10167:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10159:
10158:Malay creoles
10155:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10098:
10094:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10065:
10061:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9949:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9899:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9858:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9850:
9846:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9784:
9780:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9691:
9686:
9684:
9679:
9677:
9672:
9671:
9668:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9620:
9616:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9595:
9589:
9588:Tamil prosody
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9573:
9569:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9552:Tamil grammar
9550:
9549:
9547:
9541:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9529:Tamil Braille
9527:
9525:
9524:Modern script
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9490:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9447:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9410:
9404:
9401:
9400:
9398:
9394:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9351:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9300:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9200:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9168:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9152:Brahmin Tamil
9150:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9137:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9127:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9087:Madurai Tamil
9085:
9083:
9082:Madras Bashai
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9055:
9051:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9037:Second Sangam
9035:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9028:
9027:Tamil Sangams
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8984:
8977:
8972:
8970:
8965:
8963:
8958:
8957:
8954:
8948:
8944:
8941:
8940:
8920:
8916:
8912:
8908:
8901:
8893:
8887:
8872:
8868:
8861:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8844:
8842:90-04-04190-7
8838:
8834:
8833:
8827:
8823:
8817:
8813:
8812:
8806:
8802:
8800:90-04-03591-5
8796:
8792:
8791:
8785:
8774:
8772:9780774807593
8768:
8765:. UBC Press.
8764:
8763:
8757:
8753:
8747:
8743:
8742:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8722:
8721:
8715:
8711:
8709:90-04-10042-3
8705:
8701:
8700:
8694:
8690:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8630:
8628:
8627:9780231150651
8624:
8620:
8616:
8614:9788122411980
8610:
8606:
8605:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8574:Artibus Asiae
8570:
8566:
8564:9780521011099
8560:
8556:
8555:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8528:
8524:
8523:
8517:
8513:
8511:9789814345101
8507:
8503:
8502:
8496:
8492:
8486:
8482:
8481:
8475:
8471:
8469:9781594777943
8465:
8461:
8460:
8454:
8450:
8449:
8443:
8439:
8433:
8429:
8424:
8423:
8411:
8405:
8399:
8393:
8377:
8371:
8363:
8359:
8352:
8344:
8342:9789060236079
8338:
8334:
8333:
8325:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8305:
8299:, p. 49.
8298:
8293:
8291:
8280:
8272:
8268:
8267:
8260:
8251:
8243:
8237:
8233:
8232:
8224:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8198:
8194:
8187:
8179:
8173:
8169:
8168:
8160:
8152:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8133:
8124:
8116:
8114:9783447015820
8110:
8106:
8105:
8097:
8090:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8035:
8027:
8021:
8017:
8016:
8015:Goddess Woman
8008:
8000:
7994:
7990:
7989:
7981:
7974:
7969:
7962:
7956:
7950:
7946:
7945:
7937:
7929:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7912:Bashir, Elena
7909:
7902:
7894:
7888:
7884:
7883:
7875:
7873:
7865:
7860:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7836:
7830:, p. 51.
7829:
7824:
7818:, p. 47.
7817:
7812:
7805:
7801:
7796:
7788:
7786:90-04-04190-7
7782:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7766:
7759:
7753:
7746:
7741:
7733:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7714:
7707:
7701:
7692:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7670:
7664:
7657:
7652:
7645:
7640:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7605:
7598:
7593:
7586:
7581:
7574:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7554:
7548:
7544:
7543:
7535:
7533:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7497:
7495:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7471:
7469:9780836424591
7465:
7461:
7460:
7452:
7445:
7440:
7432:
7430:90-04-10042-3
7426:
7422:
7421:
7413:
7406:
7401:
7393:
7391:90-04-10042-3
7387:
7383:
7382:
7374:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7357:
7351:
7347:
7346:
7338:
7336:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7308:
7306:
7298:
7293:
7286:
7281:
7274:
7273:Anjali (2017)
7269:
7262:
7257:
7255:
7248:, p. 14.
7247:
7246:Wilson (2000)
7242:
7235:
7230:
7223:
7218:
7211:
7206:
7204:
7196:
7191:
7184:
7179:
7172:
7167:
7165:
7156:
7154:9781594777943
7150:
7146:
7145:
7137:
7135:
7127:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7101:
7097:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7077:
7068:
7067:
7059:
7051:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7026:
7024:
7016:
7010:
7003:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6983:
6981:90-04-10042-3
6977:
6973:
6972:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6944:
6939:
6932:
6927:
6919:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6900:90-04-09365-6
6896:
6892:
6891:
6883:
6881:
6872:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6853:
6845:
6839:
6831:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6812:
6804:
6798:
6794:
6793:
6785:
6777:
6771:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6733:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6699:
6697:9780198154341
6693:
6689:
6688:
6680:
6676:
6662:
6658:
6657:Kalittokai 89
6654:
6653:Akananuru 345
6650:
6646:
6642:
6641:Purananuru 23
6636:
6626:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6545:
6535:
6525:
6521:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:Tamil Sangams
6498:
6496:
6495:Second Sangam
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6456:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6430:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6375:
6369:
6365:
6350:
6348:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6301:
6298:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6252:and other of
6251:
6247:
6243:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6190:
6187:) during the
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5978:
5977:Pattinappalai
5974:
5970:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5906:
5905:Patiṟṟuppattu
5901:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5851:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5795:, one of the
5794:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5759:(1822–1879),
5758:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5713:
5678:
5676:
5669:
5646:
5644:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5568:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5483:
5482:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5405:
5404:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5290:
5289:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5271:Samantabhadra
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5222:Major figures
5218:
5217:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:Navkar Mantra
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:Satya (truth)
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5109:
5108:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4839:Hindu culture
4837:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4791:Organisations
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4515:Yoga Vasistha
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4480:Natya Shastra
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4417:Brahma Sutras
4414:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:Sthapatyaveda
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:Gandharvaveda
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:Varaha Purana
4314:
4312:
4311:
4310:Skanda Purana
4307:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:Brahma Purana
4244:
4242:
4241:
4240:Garuda Purana
4237:
4235:
4234:
4233:Matsya Purana
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:Vāmana Purana
4223:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:Vishnu Purana
4195:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:Bhagavad Gita
4139:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Radhakrishnan
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Narayana Guru
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Jaggi Vasudev
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Chinmayananda
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Ramprasad Sen
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Gorakshanatha
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Allama Prabhu
3329:
3327:
3326:Akka Mahadevi
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Abhinavagupta
3314:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Prashastapada
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:Other schools
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:Shuddhadvaita
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Kalaripayattu
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Bharatanatyam
2715:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Nritta-Nritya
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:s pertain to
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1195:Pattinappalai
1192:
1183:
1182:Kurincippattu
1179:
1170:
1166:
1157:
1156:Maturaikkanci
1153:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1077:
1074:
1053:
1049:
1034:
1030:
1015:
1011:
996:
992:
977:
976:Patirruppattu
973:
958:
954:
939:
935:
920:
916:
904:Extant poems
899:
896:
891:
889:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
855:
845:
835:
831:
827:
823:
815:
811:
807:
805:
800:
799:Ilango Adigal
796:
787:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
748:
743:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
683:
674:
665:
663:
657:
655:
654:
648:
644:
643:Kumari Kandam
636:
635:Patirruppattu
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
601:
599:
594:
590:
585:
583:
582:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
545:
544:Tamil Sangams
530:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
375:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
329:
326:
324:
323:Paṭṭiṉappālai
321:
320:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:Maturaikkāñci
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
290:
288:
285:
284:
281:
277:
274:
273:Patiṟṟuppattu
271:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
226:
222:
219:
218:
213:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
198:
194:
191:
186:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
139: 600 CE
132: 250 CE
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
91:
90:Sangam period
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ
66:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
10298:Sino-Tibetan
9927:Chittagonian
9773:Contemporary
9705:Languages of
9504:Tamil-Brahmi
9382:Caturakarāti
9355:dictionaries
9353:Grammars and
9248:Cīrappurānam
9204:
9092:Nellai Tamil
9042:Third Sangam
9032:First Sangam
9012:Manipravalam
9007:Modern Tamil
9002:Middle Tamil
8922:. Retrieved
8910:
8900:
8886:
8874:. Retrieved
8870:
8860:
8831:
8810:
8789:
8776:. Retrieved
8761:
8740:
8719:
8698:
8677:
8641:
8637:
8603:
8577:
8573:
8553:
8532:
8521:
8500:
8479:
8458:
8447:
8427:
8404:
8392:
8380:. Retrieved
8370:
8362:thehindu.com
8361:
8351:
8331:
8324:
8310:
8304:
8279:
8265:
8259:
8250:
8230:
8223:
8214:
8205:
8196:
8186:
8166:
8159:
8139:
8132:
8123:
8103:
8096:
8044:
8040:
8034:
8014:
8007:
7987:
7980:
7968:
7960:
7943:
7936:
7916:
7901:
7881:
7859:
7847:
7835:
7823:
7811:
7804:Shulman 2016
7795:
7775:
7765:
7757:
7752:
7745:Shulman 2016
7740:
7720:
7713:
7705:
7700:
7691:
7668:
7663:
7651:
7639:
7614:
7610:
7604:
7592:
7580:
7541:
7506:
7502:
7458:
7451:
7439:
7419:
7412:
7400:
7380:
7344:
7317:
7313:
7297:Rosen (1975)
7292:
7280:
7268:
7261:Shinu (2003)
7241:
7229:
7217:
7190:
7183:Shulman 2016
7178:
7171:Shulman 2016
7143:
7126:Shulman 2016
7104:. Retrieved
7099:
7090:
7065:
7058:
7031:
7014:
7009:
6970:
6938:
6926:
6916:
6909:
6889:
6859:
6852:
6818:
6811:
6791:
6784:
6765:
6759:
6720:
6686:
6679:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6645:Akananuru 22
6644:
6640:
6635:
6625:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6585:
6579:
6574:
6556:
6544:
6534:
6524:
6490:First Sangam
6447:
6441:by Composer
6436:
6425:
6423:
6411:
6405:
6394:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6373:
6371:
6363:
6360:these three,
6353:
6344:
6334:
6324:you are all,
6303:
6270:
6259:To Tirumal (
6257:
6239:
6208:
6204:
6194:
6193:
6180:
6154:
6150:
6142:
6130:
6118:
6107:mullai tiṇai
6106:
6101:
6059:
6050:
6042:
6038:
6022:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5976:
5968:
5966:
5951:
5948:Significance
5939:
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:Tholkappiyam
5871:
5865:
5863:
5844:
5836:
5809:, also from
5805:
5800:
5790:
5769:
5754:
5748:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5716:
5707:troubles me.
5681:
5674:
5672:
5649:
5642:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5618:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5597:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5509:Jain symbols
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5248:
5209:Jai Jinendra
5182:Jain prayers
5156:
5122:
5070:Kevala Jnana
5040:Anekantavada
4898: /
4894: /
4890: /
4886: /
4884:and Buddhism
4882: /
4846:Architecture
4809:Other topics
4747:
4730:
4702:Four varnas:
4701:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4487:Panchatantra
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4438:Nyāya Sūtras
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4396:Artha Śastra
4394:
4387:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4303:Kūrma Purana
4301:
4296:Linga Purana
4294:
4289:Shiva Purana
4287:
4280:
4275:Padma Purana
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4173:
4166:
4151:s (Hinduism)
4148:
4140:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4061:Atharvaveda:
4060:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3925:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3775:Shraddhanand
3750:Ravi Shankar
3730:R. D. Ranade
3591:Śyāma Śastri
3586:Swaminarayan
3546:Rupa Goswami
3456:Morya Gosavi
3416:Jiva Goswami
3321:Adi Shankara
3147:Pratyabhijña
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
2878:Samavartanam
2858:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
2843:Annaprashana
2767:Dandiya Raas
2742:Mohiniyattam
2635:Nididhyāsana
2440:Epistemology
2372:Brahmacharya
2252:Ātman (self)
2215:
2159:Brahmacharya
2088:Saccidānanda
2040:Panchikarana
1916:
1849:
1840: /
1836:Other major
1760:
1694:
1693:
1648:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1241:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
1239:
1232:
1225:
1220:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1169:Netunalvatai
1168:
1155:
1143:Mullaippattu
1142:
1129:
1124:Nattattanar
1116:
1103:
1090:
1072:
1051:
1032:
1013:
994:
975:
956:
937:
918:
894:
881:
875:
871:
865:
859:
857:
848:Compilations
842:
825:
802:
785:
766:
728:
693:
689:
679:
661:
658:
651:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
597:
592:
588:
586:
579:
573:
552:Hindu deity
548:
547:
494:
399:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
377:
346:
316:Neṭunalvāṭai
311:Mullaippāṭṭu
215:
196:
189:
161:
157:
153:
143:
123:
109:
89:
68:
60:
52:
50:
42:Tamil Sangam
29:
10646:Hela Havula
10356:Nepal Bhasa
9862:Bangladeshi
9712:Afghanistan
9377:Tolkāppiyam
9278:Thiruppugal
9077:Kongu Tamil
8852:Web-sources
8659:10125/17189
7684:Wilden 2014
7656:Wilden 2014
7195:Wilden 2014
6590:Frits Staal
6549:Wilson 2000
6382:Tolkappiyam
6345:To Seyyon (
6261:Maha Vishnu
6250:Maha Vishnu
6244:in Ancient
6231:Maha Vishnu
6219:Tolkappiyam
6210:Tolkāppiyam
6147:Tolkappiyam
6111:Tolkappiyam
6073:Vaishnavism
6043:Mahabharata
5969:Ainkurunuru
5938:(1918) and
5917:Aiṅkurunūṟu
5899:Pattuppāṭṭu
5887:Manimekalai
5855:Kumbhakonam
5827:Tolkappiyam
5801:Tolkappiyam
5519:Topics list
5444:Pilgrimages
5395:Valayapathi
5294:Major sects
5281:Yashovijaya
5085:Brahmacarya
4892:and Judaism
4888:and Sikhism
4856:Iconography
4781:Nationalism
4774:Persecution
4558:Shiva Stuti
4452:Yoga Sutras
4282:Agni Purana
4184:Other texts
4175:Mahabharata
3918:Atharvaveda
3815:Vivekananda
3740:Rama Tirtha
3735:Ramakrishna
3710:Nigamananda
3700:Mahesh Yogi
3576:Sripadaraja
3566:Siddheshwar
3461:Mukundarāja
3441:Madhusūdana
3431:Kanaka Dasa
3356:Chakradhara
3300:Yajnavalkya
3290:Vishvamitra
3159:Pancharatra
3057:Vaisheshika
3013:Ratha Yatra
2961:Janmashtami
2956:Rama Navami
2873:Ritushuddhi
2848:Chudakarana
2838:Nishkramana
2808:Garbhadhana
2777:Pandav Lila
2686:Bhakti yoga
2571:Prāyaścitta
2342:Niti śastra
2190:Bhakti yoga
2169:Vānaprastha
1984:Vishvakarma
1917:Post-Vedic:
1753:Vaishnavism
1695:Traditional
1583:Tolkappiyam
1487:(victory),
1475:(tragedy),
1450:Ainkurunuru
1446:perunthinai
1311:Ācārakkōvai
1304:Tirikaṭukam
1255:Kār Nāṟpatu
1150:Napputanar
1073:Pattuppattu
957:Ainkurunuru
877:Pattuppāṭṭu
808:one of the
710:, parts of
684:, the term
653:Mahabharata
629:Ainkurunuru
581:Tolkāppiyam
507:Ramavataram
459:Ācārakkōvai
452:Tirikaṭukam
411:Kār Nāṟpatu
232:Aiṅkurunūṟu
209:Tolkāppiyam
156:) and war (
134:but before
112:monasteries
77:South India
10706:Categories
10554:Old Italic
10494:Devanagari
10419:Historical
10288:Portuguese
10105:Burushaski
10024:Rajasthani
9947:Hindustani
9894:Indo-Aryan
9882:Sri Lankan
9717:Bangladesh
9514:Vatteluttu
9241:literature
9239:Devotional
9191:Literature
9145:Sociolects
9115:Batticaloa
9102:Sri Lankan
8876:8 February
8197:tripod.com
6671:References
6426:Paripaatal
6246:Tamil Nadu
6189:Sangam age
6181:Paramporul
6143:Ettuthokai
6129:, meaning
6067:. Ancient
6051:Paripaatal
6039:Kalittokai
6023:Paripaatal
5923:Kuṟuntokai
5911:Puṟanāṉūṟu
5867:Kalittokai
5861:in 1889.
5859:Ten Idylls
5838:Eṭṭuttokai
5833:Kalittokai
5797:Ten Idylls
5779:Tirukkuṟaḷ
5725:Kalittokai
5431:Samvatsari
5426:Paryushana
5309:Śvetāmbara
5276:Haribhadra
5266:Siddhasena
5261:Kundakunda
5169:Sallekhana
5095:Gunasthana
5090:Aparigraha
5032:Philosophy
4732:Varna-less
4604:Tiruppukal
4565:Vayu Stuti
4529:Panchadasi
4522:Swara yoga
4410:Kama Sutra
4349:Dhanurveda
4009:Taittiriya
3987:Yajurveda:
3979:Kaushitaki
3956:Upanishads
3948:Upanishads
3872:Scriptures
3720:Prabhupada
3636:Vidyaranya
3521:Ram Charan
3496:Prabhākara
3411:Jayatīrtha
3366:Dadu Dayal
3361:Chāngadeva
3220:Bharadwaja
3210:Ashtavakra
2976:Kumbh Mela
2924:Durga Puja
2853:Karnavedha
2833:Nāmakaraṇa
2762:Yakshagana
2691:Karma yoga
2681:Jnana yoga
2676:Hatha yoga
2613:Meditation
2586:Tirthadana
2367:Aparigraha
2223:Paramātman
2208:Liberation
2200:Karma yoga
2195:Jnana yoga
1924:Dattatreya
1724:Traditions
1649:Historical
1594:Kuruntokai
1497:pothuviyal
1483:(battle),
1297:Tirukkuṛaḷ
1052:Purananuru
1014:Kalittokai
938:Kuruntokai
895:Ettuttokai
872:Ettuttokai
867:Ettuthogai
742:caṅkakālam
704:Tamil Nadu
695:Purananuru
637:(Ten Tens)
623:Purananuru
598:Ettuttokai
556:, his son
447:Tirukkuṟaḷ
280:Ten Idylls
256:Kuṟuntokai
249:Kalittokai
244:Puṟanāṉūṟu
188:Topics in
163:Paripaatal
120:Kumbakonam
18:Sangam era
10594:influence
10514:Malayalam
10476:Shahmukhi
10443:Kharosthi
10428:(Abugida)
10361:Sikkimese
10214:Nicobaric
9877:Pakistani
9824:Malayalam
9806:Dravidian
9775:languages
9764:Sri Lanka
9742:classical
9737:scheduled
9571:Phonology
9543:Lexis and
9509:Koleḻuttu
9449:Tamil and
9362:Agattiyam
9319:Iraichchi
9268:Tirumurai
9263:Tēmpāvaṉi
8997:Old Tamil
8924:12 August
8919:0971-751X
8911:The Hindu
8793:. BRILL.
8723:. BRILL.
8668:153420843
8215:The Hindu
8069:163785902
7631:163609253
7523:0336-1519
7320:: 43–45.
7106:23 August
6838:cite book
6563:Thanjavur
6485:Tamiḻakam
6235:Paripāṭal
6185:Paramatma
6171:consider
6169:Paripadal
6165:Paripadal
6161:Tamilakam
6151:akapporul
6119:Paripādal
6091:where as
6055:Magh Mela
5941:Akanāṉūṟu
5935:Paripāṭal
5729:Paripatal
5504:Jain flag
5494:Ekendriya
5469:Shikharji
5409:Festivals
5304:Digambara
5256:Ganadhara
5045:Cosmology
4906:Criticism
4900:and Islam
4861:Mythology
4714:Kshatriya
4646:Athichudi
4583:Tirumurai
4501:Tirumurai
4110:Vyākaraṇa
4046:Chandogya
4038:Samaveda:
3926:Divisions
3904:Yajurveda
3864:Ātmatuṣṭi
3820:Yogananda
3795:Trailanga
3790:Sivananda
3655:Aurobindo
3641:Vyasaraja
3606:Tyagaraja
3556:Sankardev
3526:Ramananda
3421:Jñāneśvar
3396:Harivansh
3381:Gaudapada
3346:Chaitanya
3285:Vashistha
3255:Patanjali
3235:Jamadagni
3154:Vaishnava
3142:Pashupata
2919:Navaratri
2896:Festivals
2863:Upanayana
2828:Jatakarma
2813:Pumsavana
2732:Kuchipudi
2727:Kathakali
2696:Rāja yoga
2630:Samādhāna
2511:Prarthana
2485:Practices
2412:Svādhyāya
2016:Mythology
2011:Cosmology
2004:Worldview
1949:Kartikeya
1880:Prajapati
1819:Saraswati
1493:karanthai
1479:(siege),
1442:kaikkilai
1438:ain-tinai
1346:Kainnilai
1227:Nālaṭiyār
1176:Nakkirar
1098:Nakkirar
1033:Akananuru
995:Paripatal
919:Natrrinai
747:Tamilakam
736:சங்ககாலம்
720:Sri Lanka
716:Karnataka
690:Tamiḻakam
686:Tamilakam
647:Classical
575:Akattiyam
519:Tirumuṟai
488:Kainnilai
387:Nālaṭiyār
268:Paripāṭal
237:Akanāṉūṟu
204:Agattiyam
105:colophons
10634:Activism
10606:Hinglish
10509:Gurmukhi
10504:Gujarati
10471:Nastaliq
10366:Tenyidie
10321:Dzongkha
10138:Lyngngam
10097:Isolates
10034:Sanskrit
10029:Rangpuri
9999:Maithili
9974:Kashmiri
9962:Hinglish
9942:Gujarati
9912:Bhojpuri
9907:Assamese
9872:Nepalese
9849:Germanic
9791:Aka-Jeru
9759:Pakistan
9749:Maldives
9436:Yerambam
9198:Classics
9053:Dialects
8778:28 April
8316:Archived
8271:Archived
7914:(eds.).
7326:44140886
6594:kapardin
6452:See also
6396:Korravai
6215:Shaivism
6127:பரிபாடல்
6077:Kaumaram
6003:aciriyam
5999:aciriyan
5954:Sanskrit
5932:(1915),
5929:Naṟṟiṇai
5926:(1915),
5920:(1903),
5914:(1894),
5908:(1889).
5902:(1889),
5896:(1889),
5890:(1898),
5884:(1868),
5880:(1895),
5870:(1887),
5612:aciriyam
5459:Palitana
5244:Mahavira
5234:Rishabha
5164:Sāmāyika
5016:Timeline
4981:a series
4979:Part of
4919:Glossary
4851:Calendar
4786:Hindutva
4709:Brahmana
4380:samhitas
4372:Shastras
4342:Ayurveda
4333:Upavedas
4168:Ramayana
4159:Itihasas
4125:Jyotisha
4092:Vedangas
4076:Mandukya
3972:Aitareya
3964:Rigveda:
3943:Aranyaka
3938:Brahmana
3911:Samaveda
3626:Valluvar
3621:Vallabha
3601:Tulsidas
3531:Ramanuja
3481:Nayanars
3466:Namadeva
3308:Medieval
3250:Kashyapa
3166:Charvaka
3137:Kapalika
3001:Puthandu
2991:Vaisakhi
2888:Antyesti
2868:Keshanta
2792:Adimurai
2787:Silambam
2752:Sattriya
2737:Manipuri
2422:Mitahara
2402:Santosha
2362:Achourya
2174:Sannyasa
2164:Gṛhastha
2023:Ontology
1997:Concepts
1785:Trimurti
1748:Smartism
1743:Shaktism
1738:Shaivism
1612:Hinduism
1604:a series
1602:Part of
1455:Similar
1436:poetry,
1189:Kapilar
617:Narrinai
578:and the
566:Rigvedic
261:Natṟiṇai
176:Buddhist
116:Hinduism
38:Agastyar
10534:Sinhala
10529:Ranjana
10519:Kannada
10499:Bengali
10486:Brahmic
10412:Scripts
10394:Turkmen
10376:Tripuri
10371:Tibetan
10336:Ladakhi
10275:Romance
10242:Teressa
10199:Santali
10194:Mundari
10115:Kusunda
10072:Balochi
10064:Iranian
10054:Sylheti
10049:Sinhala
10039:Saraiki
10019:Punjabi
10004:Marathi
9984:Kumaoni
9979:Konkani
9932:Dhivehi
9917:Bengali
9857:English
9819:Kannada
9545:grammar
9492:Scripts
9463:Sinhala
9458:English
9396:History
9339:Ullurai
9110:Negombo
8990:History
8894:. 1995.
8594:3250226
8419:Sources
8382:2 March
8061:2052342
6610:mleccha
6586:Rigveda
6581:Rigveda
6415:scepter
6406:Varunan
6366:flowers
6364:kaṭampu
6347:Skandha
6254:Murugan
6205:Murukaṉ
6201:Murugan
6173:Perumal
6047:Benares
6035:Murugan
5995:acarya–
5986:Murugan
5973:Brahmin
5958:Madurai
5499:Temples
5250:Arihant
5100:Saṃsāra
5011:History
4989:Jainism
4924:Outline
4719:Vaishya
4687:Society
4538:Stotras
4189:Puranas
4115:Nirukta
4105:Chandas
4100:Shiksha
4083:Prashna
4069:Mundaka
3933:Samhita
3897:Rigveda
3760:Samarth
3596:Tukaram
3541:Ravidas
3280:Valmiki
3230:Jaimini
3200:Angiras
3195:Agastya
3187:Ancient
3073:Advaita
3067:Vedanta
3062:Mīmāṃsā
3042:Samkhya
2929:Ramlila
2671:Sādhanā
2561:Tarpana
2546:Kīrtana
2541:Bhajana
2492:Worship
2417:Shaucha
2392:Akrodha
2238:Saṃsāra
2102:Ishvara
2071:Nirguna
2066:Brahman
2030:Tattvas
1954:Krishna
1939:Hanuman
1934:Ganesha
1870:Chandra
1865:Ashvins
1829:Parvati
1824:Lakshmi
1811:Tridevi
1777:Deities
1684:Śramaṇa
1664:History
1645:Origins
1635:History
1581:of the
1549:pyrrhic
1495:, and
1489:paataan
1432:s, for
1418:marutam
1410:kuṟiñci
1085:Author
1062:varies
1024:varies
1005:varies
986:varies
839:Authors
762:Madurai
733::
570:Agastya
558:Murugan
514:Tevaram
182:epics.
180:Jainist
172:Murugan
150:Kapilar
118:, near
85:Madurai
83:around
46:Madurai
10578:Thaana
10544:Telugu
10453:Arabic
10426:Brahmi
10386:Turkic
10346:Meitei
10331:Hajong
10283:French
10265:Jarawa
10232:Chaura
10125:Khasic
10110:Nihali
10082:Pashto
10044:Sindhi
10009:Nepali
9989:Magahi
9969:Hindko
9922:Chakma
9902:Angika
9867:Indian
9834:Telugu
9814:Brahui
9796:Aka-Bo
9722:Bhutan
9696:Major
9618:Events
9483:Korean
9367:Nannūl
9334:Thinai
9302:Poetry
9120:Jaffna
9060:Indian
8917:
8839:
8818:
8797:
8769:
8748:
8727:
8706:
8685:
8666:
8625:
8611:
8592:
8561:
8540:
8508:
8487:
8466:
8434:
8339:
8238:
8174:
8147:
8111:
8067:
8059:
8022:
7995:
7951:
7924:
7889:
7783:
7728:
7629:
7549:
7521:
7466:
7427:
7388:
7352:
7324:
7151:
7046:
6978:
6897:
6867:
6826:
6799:
6772:
6728:
6694:
6606:kikata
6602:kumari
6598:kumara
6419:Sengol
6403:) and
6393:) and
6387:Vēntaṉ
6242:Bhakti
6227:Brahma
6177:Tamils
6097:Tamils
6093:Skanda
6089:Tamils
6085:Vishnu
6069:Tamils
6027:Vishnu
6011:akaval
6007:akavar
5982:Vishnu
5850:Shaiva
5823:(1883)
5811:Jaffna
5787:Shaiva
5775:Jaffna
5720:akaval
5608:akaval
5464:Girnar
5416:Diwali
5239:Pārśva
5113:Ethics
5080:Tattva
5075:Dravya
5060:Dharma
5050:Ahimsa
4724:Shudra
4542:stutis
4378:, and
4376:sutras
4030:Maitri
3755:Ramdas
3648:Modern
3581:Surdas
3446:Madhva
3371:Eknath
3341:Basava
3336:Alvars
3270:Raikva
3260:Pāṇini
3245:Kapila
3240:Kanada
3225:Gotama
3132:Shaiva
3080:Dvaita
2981:Pongal
2904:Diwali
2883:Vivaha
2747:Odissi
2722:Kathak
2661:Yogini
2625:Dhyana
2576:Tirtha
2531:Bhakti
2521:Temple
2516:Śrauta
2397:Arjava
2357:Ahimsa
2352:Niyama
2335:Ethics
2143:Moksha
2128:Dharma
2076:Saguna
1974:Shakti
1959:Kubera
1905:Varuna
1885:Pushan
1798:Vishnu
1793:Brahma
1630:Hindus
1578:sutras
1575:. The
1553:iambic
1539:. The
1521:akaval
1507:. The
1499:. The
1481:tumpai
1477:ulinai
1473:kanchi
1469:vanchi
1465:vetchi
1422:neytal
1414:mullai
1082:Lines
1043:12–31
983:10x10
832:, and
790:Corpus
769:Pandya
708:Kerala
562:Kubera
549:Sangam
354:Sangam
168:Vishnu
124:Urtext
10571:Other
10562:Latin
10539:Tamil
10437:Indus
10432:Greek
10399:Uzbek
10341:Limbu
10311:Balti
10252:Ongan
10189:Korku
10176:Munda
10133:Khasi
10087:Wakhi
9994:Mahal
9952:Hindi
9937:Dogri
9829:Tamil
9754:Nepal
9727:India
9478:Malay
9329:Puram
9314:Venpa
9309:Kural
8678:Tamil
8664:S2CID
8590:JSTOR
8065:S2CID
8057:JSTOR
7627:S2CID
7322:JSTOR
6516:Notes
6401:Durga
6391:Indra
6385:are
6223:Shiva
6196:Cēyōṉ
6156:Mayon
6135:Tamil
6123:Tamil
6115:Mayon
6103:Mayon
6031:Durga
6015:akavu
5846:Aiyar
5773:from
5634:nirai
5487:Other
5449:Tirth
5065:Mokṣa
5055:Karma
5021:Index
5006:Jains
4741:Dalit
4694:Varna
4611:Kural
4149:Agama
4120:Kalpa
4016:Katha
3888:Vedas
3859:Ācāra
3854:Smṛti
3849:Śruti
3833:Texts
3426:Kabir
3295:Vyasa
3205:Aruni
3052:Nyaya
3006:Vishu
2986:Ugadi
2666:Asana
2651:Sadhu
2620:Tapas
2591:Matha
2581:Yatra
2566:Vrata
2551:Yajna
2526:Murti
2407:Tapas
2382:Damah
2377:Satya
2347:Yamas
2233:Karma
2133:Artha
2050:Guṇas
1964:Radha
1929:Durga
1900:Ushas
1895:Surya
1890:Rudra
1875:Indra
1851:Vedic
1842:Devis
1838:Devas
1803:Shiva
1587:sutra
1569:talai
1545:nirai
1537:nirai
1525:vanci
1509:puram
1485:vakai
1461:puram
1457:tiṇai
1430:tiṇai
1426:pālai
1406:tiṇai
1402:puram
1391:puram
1383:puram
1374:புறம்
1369:puram
1339:Elāti
1079:Name
929:9–12
901:Name
781:Velir
777:Chera
773:Chola
731:Tamil
724:Eelam
568:poet
554:Shiva
529:edit
483:Elāti
158:puram
146:Tamil
65:Tamil
57:Tamil
10618:Urdu
10524:Odia
10466:Arwi
10351:Mizo
10326:Garo
10316:Bodo
10260:Önge
10204:Sora
10143:Pnar
10077:Dari
10014:Odia
9957:Urdu
9839:Tulu
9609:Moḻi
9534:Arwi
9324:Akam
9157:Arwi
8926:2021
8915:ISSN
8878:2021
8837:ISBN
8816:ISBN
8795:ISBN
8780:2012
8767:ISBN
8746:ISBN
8725:ISBN
8704:ISBN
8683:ISBN
8623:ISBN
8609:ISBN
8559:ISBN
8538:ISBN
8506:ISBN
8485:ISBN
8464:ISBN
8432:ISBN
8384:2020
8337:ISBN
8236:ISBN
8172:ISBN
8145:ISBN
8109:ISBN
8020:ISBN
7993:ISBN
7949:ISBN
7922:ISBN
7887:ISBN
7781:ISBN
7726:ISBN
7547:ISBN
7519:ISSN
7464:ISBN
7425:ISBN
7386:ISBN
7350:ISBN
7149:ISBN
7108:2021
7044:ISBN
6976:ISBN
6895:ISBN
6865:ISBN
6844:link
6824:ISBN
6797:ISBN
6770:ISBN
6726:ISBN
6692:ISBN
6612:and
6225:and
6033:and
4755:Jāti
4540:and
4053:Kena
4002:Isha
3215:Atri
3047:Yoga
2996:Bihu
2966:Onam
2909:Holi
2709:Arts
2656:Yogi
2643:Yoga
2606:Sevā
2601:Dāna
2556:Homa
2536:Japa
2506:Ārtī
2501:Puja
2427:Dāna
2387:Dayā
2245:Mind
2228:Maya
2138:Kama
1979:Sita
1969:Rama
1944:Kali
1910:Vayu
1860:Agni
1762:List
1557:acai
1535:and
1529:acai
1523:and
1501:akam
1434:akam
1400:and
1398:akam
1387:akam
1379:akam
1364:அகம்
1359:akam
1212:583
1199:301
1186:261
1173:188
1160:782
1147:103
1134:500
1121:296
1108:234
1095:317
1065:157
1059:400
1056:398
1046:145
1040:400
1037:401
1021:150
1018:150
967:3–6
964:500
961:499
951:205
948:4–8
945:400
942:402
932:175
926:400
923:400
870:(or
775:and
714:and
178:and
170:and
154:akam
51:The
10222:Car
10148:War
9604:ISO
9344:Ulā
8654:hdl
8646:doi
8582:doi
8049:doi
7619:doi
7615:106
7511:doi
7036:doi
6614:nir
6349:):
6263:):
6237:.
6221:.
6217:in
6099:.
6013:or
6009:or
6005:or
5630:ner
5454:Abu
2095:God
1573:ati
1565:cir
1561:cir
1541:ner
1533:ner
1008:13
1002:70
999:33
980:86
812:of
680:In
600:):
114:of
44:in
10708::
10306:Ao
10184:Ho
8945:,
8913:.
8909:.
8869:.
8662:.
8652:.
8642:42
8640:.
8636:.
8588:.
8578:37
8576:.
8360:.
8289:^
8213:.
8195:.
8077:^
8063:.
8055:.
8045:32
8043:.
7910:;
7871:^
7676:^
7625:.
7613:.
7561:^
7531:^
7517:.
7507:77
7505:.
7493:^
7478:^
7364:^
7334:^
7318:13
7316:.
7304:^
7253:^
7202:^
7163:^
7133:^
7116:^
7098:.
7075:^
7042:.
7022:^
6990:^
6950:^
6879:^
6840:}}
6836:{{
6740:^
6706:^
6659:,
6655:,
6647:,
6643:,
6604:,
6600:,
6596:,
6417:,
6372:–
6125::
6083:,
6029:,
5984:,
5876:,
5841:).
5803:.
5743:A
5731:.
5677::
5645::
5596:–
4983:on
4374:,
2083:Om
1606:on
1596::
1393:.
1027:5
989:8
970:5
828:,
824:,
771:,
764:.
751:c.
739:,
718:.
706:,
692:,
560:,
136:c.
129:c.
107:.
94:c.
9689:e
9682:t
9675:v
8975:e
8968:t
8961:v
8928:.
8880:.
8845:.
8824:.
8803:.
8782:.
8754:.
8733:.
8712:.
8691:.
8670:.
8656::
8648::
8617:.
8596:.
8584::
8567:.
8546:.
8514:.
8493:.
8472:.
8440:.
8386:.
8364:.
8345:.
8244:.
8199:.
8180:.
8153:.
8117:.
8071:.
8051::
8028:.
8001:.
7957:.
7930:.
7895:.
7789:.
7734:.
7633:.
7621::
7555:.
7525:.
7513::
7472:.
7433:.
7394:.
7358:.
7328:.
7299:.
7263:.
7157:.
7110:.
7052:.
7038::
6984:.
6903:.
6873:.
6846:)
6832:.
6805:.
6778:.
6734:.
6700:.
6333:—
6141:(
6121:(
5566:e
5559:t
5552:v
4965:e
4958:t
4951:v
4734::
1853::
1371:(
1361:(
816:.
806:,
688:(
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.