Sangam literature - Knowledge

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faultless learning – Vēdās, பூவனும் – you are Brahman who appeared on a flower, நாற்றமும்நீ – you are creation created by Brahman, வலன் உயர் எழிலியும் – clouds that rise up with strength, மாக விசும்பும் – wide sky, நிலனும்– land, நீடிய இமயமும்– and the tall Himalayas, நீ– you, அதனால் – so, இன்னோர் அனையை– like so and so, இனையையால்– like somebody, என– thus, அன்னோர் – those, யாம் இவண் காணாமையின் – I have not seen here, பொன் அணி நேமி – wheels decorated with gold, வலம் கொண்டு ஏந்திய – lifting on your right side or lifting with strength, மன்னுயிர் முதல்வனை – you are supreme to all the living beings on the Earth.

33: 6569:(Kerala), as well as the private collections in old Hindu temples and monasteries. Less than 50% of all preserved palm leaf manuscripts, copied over the centuries over nearly 2,000 years, are in the Tamil language; the majority of these manuscripts preserved in Tamil Nadu and Kerala are in Sanskrit and Telugu (some Malayalam). Sangam literature manuscript collections typically include all three languages. A few thousand of the Sangam and post-Sangam era manuscripts in Tamil language are now preserved in various European and American collections. 673: 6460: 4997: 5534: 5964:, "In their antiquity and in their contemporaneity, there is not much else in any Indian literature equal to these quiet and dramatic Tamil poems. In their values and stances, they represent a mature classical poetry: passion is balanced by courtesy, transparency by ironies and nuances of design, impersonality by vivid detail, austerity of line by richness of implication. These poems are not just the earliest evidence of the Tamil genius." 4933: 795: 572:. The first academy, states the legend, extended over four millennia and was located far to the south of modern city of Madurai, a location later "swallowed up by the sea", states Shulman. The second academy, also chaired by a very long-lived Agastya, was near the eastern seaside Kapāṭapuram and lasted three millennia. This was swallowed by floods. From the second Sangam, states the legend, the 1620: 5857:, he reached out to the monastery head Subrahmanya Desikar for access to its large library of preserved manuscripts. Desikar granted Aiyar permission to study and publish any manuscripts he wanted. There, Aiyar discovered a major source of preserved palm-leaf manuscripts of Sangam literature. Aiyar published his first print of the 6539:

also a "purely speculative" conjecture. The persistence of three gods – Siva, Murukavel and Kubera – in the legendary account and the classical Tamil literature, states Zvelebil, suggests that the beginnings of Tamil literature and civilization were "closely connected with the cults" of these three gods in ancient Tamil Nadu.

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worlds, on the firm big bench of stone in Kutal with cool Tamil great in words". While the context and the last part about Kutal echoes the existence of a Tamil scholar academy in Madurai, it does not presuppose or confirm the existence of a full-fledged three sangam periods legend by the ninth century CE, states Wilden.

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According to Zvelebil, within the myth there is a kernel of reality, and all literary evidence leads one to conclude that "such an academy did exist in Madurai (Maturai) at the beginning of the Christian era". The homogeneity of the prosody, language and themes in these poems confirms that the Sangam

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literature should be used instead. According to Shulman, "there is not the slightest shred of evidence that any such literary academies ever existed", though there are many Pandya inscriptions that mention an academy of scholars. Of particular note, states Shulman, is the tenth-century CE Sinnamanur

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According to Zvelebil, the hypothesis proposed by some that the first and second academy may have referred to the Buddhist and Jaina monk assemblies can "hardly" be true. Rather, states Zvelebil, it is more likely that the first academy of poets existed sometime about 400–300 BCE – which he adds, is

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According to George Hart, other than loan words, it is obvious to any scholar who has studied both classical Sanskrit and classical Tamil that the mid to late Sangam literature (1st to 3rd century CE) and ancient Sanskrit literature are related. However, adds Hart, the earliest layer of the Sangam

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This is, however, not the first inscription to support the sangam legend. According to Eva Wilden, the first inscription to hint the existence of a "sangam" legend is found in the Erukkankuti plates of 829 CE. A part of this inscription says, "the lord of excellent Alankuti that is praised in the

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literally means "gathering, meeting, fraternity, academy". According to David Shulman, a scholar of Tamil language and literature, the Tamil tradition believes that the Sangam literature arose in distant antiquity over three periods, each stretching over many millennia. The first has roots in the

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The Sangam literature was composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. According to Nilakanta Sastri, the poets came from diverse backgrounds: some were from a royal family, some merchants, some farmers. At least 27 of the poets were women. These poets emerged, states Nilakanta Sastri, in a milieu

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Paripāṭal Poem 1 Line 50 to 56 ஐந்தலை உயிரிய அணங்குடை அருந்திறல் மைந்துடை ஒருவனும்– you are the one with five heads who causes great fear and is one of great ability and strength – Sivan, மடங்கலும்நீ – one where all lives end, நலம் முழுது அளைஇய – with all benefits, புகர்அறு காட்சிப் புலமும்–

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poems mention music and tune, signifying the development and the importance of musical arts in ancient Tamil Nadu. According to Zvelebil, these poems were likely from the late Sangam era (2nd or 3rd century CE) and attest to a sophisticated and prosperous ancient civilization.

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and Kapāṭapuram: the first lasted over 4,440 years, the second over 3,700 years, and the third over 1,850 years. Scholars consider this Tamil tradition-based chronology as ahistorical and mythical. Most scholars suggest the historical Sangam literature era, also called the

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and the monasteries of Buddhism and Jainism. This Sangam era poem remained in the active memory and was significant to the Tamil people centuries later, as evidenced by its mention nearly 1,000 years later in the 11th- and 12th-century inscriptions and literary work.

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The Sangam literature also emphasized on fair governance by Kings, who were often described as Sengol-valavan, the king who established just rule; the king was warned by priests that royal injustice would lead to divine punishment; and handing over of a royal

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The private U.V. Swaminatha Aiyar library preserves the largest collection of Sangam era-related manuscripts. Other notable collections of Sangam literature manuscripts are found in the Saraswati Mahal library and the Tamil University manuscript library in

6213:; Extant Sangam literature works, dated between the third century BCE and the fifth century CE glorified Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils." There are no Mentions of 5979:

poem in the Ten Idylls group, for example, paints a description of the Chola capital, the king Karikal, the life in a harbor city with ships and merchandise for seafaring trade, the dance troupes, the bards and artists, the worship of the Hindu god

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meter in early Sangam poetry has minor variations. The later Sangam era poems follow the same general meter rules, but sometimes feature 5 lines (4-4-4-3-4). The later Sangam age texts employ other meters as well, such as the Kali meter in

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The Sangam poetry focuses on the culture and people. It is religious as well as non-religious, as there are several mentions of the Hindu gods and more substantial mentions of various gods in the shorter poems. The 33 surviving poems of

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Sangam literature embeds evidence of loan words from Sanskrit, suggesting on-going linguistic and literary collaboration between ancient Tamil Nadu and other parts of the Indian subcontinent. One of the early loan words, for example, is

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pundit, in particular, is credited with his discovery of major collections of the Sangam literature in 1883. During his personal visit to the Thiruvavaduthurai Adhinam – a Shaiva matha about twenty kilometers northeast of

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of oldest surviving Tamil grammar (Tolkappiyam), the Ettuttokai anthology (the "Eight Collections"), the Pathuppaattu anthology (the "Ten Songs"). The Tamil literature that followed the Sangam period – that is, after

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This metrical pattern, states Zvelebil, gives the Sangam poetry a "wonderful conciseness, terseness, pithiness", then an inner tension that is resolved at the end of the stanza. The metrical patterns within the

5956:, and the classical status of the Tamil language. While there is no evidence for the first and second mythical Sangams, the surviving literature attests to a group of scholars centered around the ancient 103:, a Tamil literature and history scholar, the most acceptable range for the Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within the texts and the 595:

by Perumparrap Nampi. The legend states that the third Sangam of 449 poet scholars worked over 1,850 years in northern Madurai (Pandyan kingdom). He lists six anthologies of Tamil poems (later a part of

152:– the most prolific poet – alone contributing just little less than 10% of the entire corpus. These poems vary between 3 and 782 lines long. The bardic poetry of the Sangam era is largely about love ( 6445:

in collaboration with Durham Symphony, featured in Amazon's Top#10 'International Music albums' category in July 2020 and was called "A Major event in the world of Music" by The Hindu Music review.

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have been dismissed as frivolous by historiographers. Noted historians like Kamil Zvelebil have stressed that the use of 'Sangam literature' to describe this corpus of literature is a misnomer and

6608:– come from Munda or proto-Munda languages found in the eastern and northeastern (Assamese) region of India, with roots in Austro-Asiatic languages. The others in the list of 300 – such as 5751:. The folio languages include mainly Tamil and Sanskrit, with some Telugu; scripts include Tamil, Grantha and Telugu. It is currently preserved in U.V. Swaminatha Aiyar library in Chennai. 1503:

poetry uses metaphors and imagery to set the mood, never uses names of person or places, often leaves the context as well that the community will fill in and understand given their

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where the Tamil society had already interacted and inseparably amalgamated with north Indians (Indo-Aryan) and both sides had shared mythology, values and literary conventions.

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and others mention god Murugan, his wife Valli, the iconographic peacock, and the Vedas; Murugan's mother – goddess Korravai (Amma, Uma, Parvati, Durga) is mentioned in

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The available literature from this period was categorised and compiled in the tenth century CE into two categories based roughly on chronology. The categories are the

6057:) and various Hindu gods. They mention temples and shrines, confirming the significance of such cultural festivals and architectural practices to the Tamil culture. 8357: 5967:

The Sangam literature offers a window into some aspects of the ancient Tamil culture, secular and religious beliefs, and the people. For example, in the Sangam era

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The fourfold Vedic system of caste hierarchy did not exist during the Sangam period. The society was organised by occupational groups living apart from each other.

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A prose commentary by Nakkiranar – likely about the eighth century CE – describes this legend. The earliest known mention of the Sangam legend, however, appears in

9731: 7963:, cannot have been very different. There are clear indications that the speakers of Rigvedic Sanskrit knew, and interacted with, Dravidian and Munda speakers." 5747:(UVSL 589) with 100 folios, handwritten in miniature scripts by Shaiva Hindus. This multi-text manuscript includes many Tamil texts, including the Sangam era 8866: 8906: 5960:(Maturai) that shaped the "literary, academic, cultural and linguistic life of ancient Tamil Nadu", states Zvelebil. On their significance, Zvelebil quotes 8621:

Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press,

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by 1860. Navalar – who translated the Bible into Tamil while working as an assistant to a Methodist Christian missionary, chose to defend and popularize

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The early Sangam poetry diligently follows two meters, while the later Sangam poetry is a bit more diverse. The two meters found in the early poetry are

5813:, was the earliest scholar to systematically hunt for long-lost manuscripts and publish them using modern tools of textual criticism. These included: 99:

to 300 CE, while others variously place this early classical Tamil literature period a bit later and more narrowly but all before 300 CE. According to

9687: 8946: 122:, by colonial-era scholars in the late nineteenth century. The rediscovered Sangam classical collection is largely a bardic corpus. It comprises an 8397: 6843: 783:. The evidence on the early history of the Tamil kingdoms consists of the epigraphs of the region, the Sangam literature, and archaeological data. 110:

The Sangam literature had fallen into oblivion for much of the second millennium of the common era, but were preserved by and rediscovered in the

6191:. He is also known as Māyavan, Māmiyon, Netiyōn, and Māl in Sangam literature and considered as the most mentioned god in the Sangam literature. 5755:

The works of Sangam literature were lost and forgotten for most of the 2nd millennium. They were rediscovered by colonial-era scholars such as

6045:, Kama, goddesses such as Ganga, divine characters from classical love stories of India. One of the poems also mentions the "merciful men of 9292: 6159:

or the "dark one," as the Supreme deity who creates, sustains, and destroys the universe and was worshipped in the Plains and mountains of

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poetry is about exploits and heroic deeds in the context of war and public life. Approximately three-fourths of the Sangam poetry is

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denoting decree to rule fairly, finds mention in texts such as the Purananooru, Kurunthogai, Perumpaanatrupadai, and Kalithogai.

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boys". These poems also allude to historical incidents, ancient Tamil kings, the effect of war on loved ones and households. The

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Rosen, Elizabeth S. (1975). "Prince ILango Adigal, Shilappadikaram (The anklet Bracelet), translated by Alain Damelou. Review".

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literature was a community effort, a "group poetry". The Sangam literature is also referred sometimes with terms such as

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composed by 473 poets, some 102 anonymous. Of these, 16 poets account for about 50% of the known Sangam literature, with

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The Sangam literature is the historic evidence of indigenous literary developments in South India in parallel to

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https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2017/mar/26/sangam-poems-in-contemporary-songs-1586219.html

7671:, Manuscri[pt Cultures, Vol. 10, Editors: Michael Friedrich and Jorg Quenzer, Universitat Hamburg, pages 129–142 1261: 415: 9021: 8167:

The Many Faces of Murukan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God. With the Poem Prayers to Lord Murukan

6153:) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. Sangam literature (200 BCE to 500 CE) mentions 1705: 291: 6049:", an evidence of interaction between the northern holy city of the Hindus with the Sangam poets. Some of the 1233: 698:

168. 18) referred to the whole of the ancient Tamil-speaking area, corresponding roughly to the area known as

391: 10282: 9467: 6479: 6060: 3178: 1240: 398: 17: 6620:, that the people who spoke Rigvedic Sanskrit already knew and interacted with Munda and Dravidian speakers. 10741: 10236: 10226: 9741: 8966: 6041:– also from the Eight Anthologies group – mention Krishna, Shiva, Murugan, various Pandava brothers of the 3729: 3669: 1654: 8891: 8602: 8309: 8264: 6578:

This collaboration was two way, and evidence for this is found in the earliest known Hindu scripture, the

5944:(1923) all with scholarly commentaries. They published more than 100 works in all, including minor poems. 2277: 322: 9498: 9257: 5910: 4899: 4790: 3400: 243: 8446: 1247: 403: 10716: 10624: 9782: 9639: 9477: 4918: 4589: 4493: 3440: 3114: 2799: 2111: 1381:

poetry is about emotions and feelings in the context of romantic love, sexual union and eroticism. The

501: 6768:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. p. 73. 3435: 1408:(திணை). This minor genre is based on the location or landscape in which the poetry is set. These are: 10731: 10675: 10640: 9644: 9101: 7669:

What a Multiple-text Manuscript Can Tell Us about the Tamil Scholarly Tradition: The Case of UVSL 589

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by Appar in about the seventh century CE, while an extended version appears in the twelfth-century

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A HISTORY OF INDIAN LITERATURE volume 10 TAMIL LITERATURE page number 49 written by Kamil Zvelebil

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and elsewhere. She is both a mother goddess and the goddess of war and victory in Sangam poetry.

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In the period between 300 BCE and 300 CE, Tamilakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties of

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Tschacher, Thorsten (2011). "Method and Theory in the Study of Caṅkam (Sangam) Literature".

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Early Interactions Between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross Cultural exchange

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are neither Indo-Aryan nor Indo-European, states the Sanskrit and Vedic literature scholar

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315 – state the prosody rules, enumerating the 34 component parts of ancient Tamil poetry.

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Love in Sanskrit and Tamil Literature: A Study of Characters and Nature, 200 B.C.-A.D. 500

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from Sanskrit for a "spiritual guide or teacher", which in Sangam literature appears as

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Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan (1979).

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first inaugurated the modern editions of Tamil classics, publishing a fine edition of

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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

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Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in 19th and 20th Centuries

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literature to wider attention. He brought the first Sangam text into print in 1851 (

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to 300 CE. It was named after the literature of poets and scholars of the legendary

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The prosodic pattern in this poem follows the 4-4-3-4 feet per line, according to

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The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity

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inscription that mentions a Pandyan king who sponsored the "translation of the

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K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1950). "Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature".

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describe the glory of Perumal in the most poetic of terms. Many Poems of the

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A Sacred Thread: Modern Transmission of Hindu Traditions in India and Abroad

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first when he made reference to deities in the different land divisions.The

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Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu

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was considered ageless (The god who stays for ever) and the Supreme god of

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A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

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A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

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sangamtranslationsbyvaidehi.com Sangam poetry with translation in English

8942: 7695:"Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature", Kamil V. Zvelebil 6589: 6249: 6146: 6072: 5886: 5854: 5826: 5498: 5394: 5280: 5228: 5084: 4557: 4281: 4174: 4104: 3917: 3871: 3832: 3734: 3575: 3565: 3430: 3299: 3289: 3158: 3153: 3056: 2955: 2847: 2837: 2807: 2776: 2685: 2452: 2266: 2189: 2181: 1983: 1752: 1511:

poetry is more direct, uses names and places, states Takanobu Takahashi.

702:

today, consisting of the territories of the present-day Indian states of

699: 652: 506: 76: 8039:

Hart III, George L. (1973). "Woman and the Sacred in Ancient Tamilnad".

7325: 6565:(Tamil Nadu), the Oriental Research Institute and Manuscript library of 10493: 10104: 9508: 9262: 8658: 8593: 8060: 6766:

India: Society, Religion and Literature in Ancient and Medieval Periods

6245: 6184: 5898: 5866: 5858: 5832: 5796: 5430: 5425: 5275: 5265: 5260: 5168: 5139: 5094: 4603: 4564: 4528: 4409: 4348: 3955: 3947: 3858: 3635: 3410: 3365: 3219: 3209: 2975: 2923: 2852: 2761: 2690: 2680: 2675: 2447: 2222: 2199: 2194: 1923: 1723: 1543:

is the stressed/long syllable in European prosody tradition, while the

876: 703: 694: 279: 248: 162: 119: 8448:

Pattupattu - Ten Tamil Idylls (Tamil Verses with Englilsh Translation)

7649: 7062: 7039: 6913: 6448:

Sangam poems are often quoted and paraphrased in modern Tamil cinema.

4996: 641:

These claims of the Sangams and the description of sunken land masses

10442: 9823: 9603: 9361: 9318: 9267: 8996: 7188: 6562: 6484: 6160: 6092: 6054: 5503: 5493: 5468: 5303: 5255: 5134: 4713: 4645: 4582: 4500: 4332: 3903: 3863: 3794: 3640: 3605: 3555: 3525: 3460: 3380: 3284: 3254: 3234: 2918: 2862: 2827: 2812: 2731: 2726: 2708: 2034: 1948: 1879: 1818: 1345: 746: 719: 715: 685: 681: 574: 518: 487: 203: 9366: 8585: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8052: 7857: 7542:

The Song of Songs and Ancient Tamil Love Poems: Poetry and Symbolism

2515: 10605: 10508: 10470: 10320: 10033: 9961: 9435: 8358:"The Sengol — A historic sceptre with a deep Tamil Nadu connection" 6395: 6214: 6076: 6046: 5953: 5849: 5786: 5785:

against missionary polemics, in part by bringing ancient Tamil and

5782: 5533: 5243: 4785: 4341: 4167: 4124: 4091: 3942: 3937: 3910: 3620: 3600: 3530: 3480: 3360: 3249: 3165: 3136: 3131: 3000: 2990: 2887: 2867: 2791: 2786: 2751: 2421: 2401: 2361: 2327: 2307: 2287: 2173: 2049: 1784: 1742: 1737: 1611: 1452:– 500 short poems anthology – is an example of mutual love poetry. 175: 115: 7917:

The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide

7568: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7481: 7479: 7205: 7203: 3848: 1338: 482: 9818: 9338: 8951: 8075: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6816:

University, Vijaya Ramaswamy, Jawaharlal Nehru (25 August 2017).

6580: 6414: 6346: 6253: 6200: 6034: 5985: 5972: 5957: 4988: 4718: 4708: 4458: 4379: 4371: 4188: 4114: 4099: 3896: 3595: 3540: 3279: 3229: 3199: 3194: 3066: 3041: 2928: 2560: 2439: 2416: 2391: 2302: 2292: 2101: 2065: 1953: 1938: 1933: 1869: 1864: 1828: 1823: 1810: 1548: 761: 569: 565: 557: 513: 179: 171: 149: 84: 45: 37: 7345:

Harmony of Religions: Vedānta Siddhānta Samarasam of Tāyumānavar

6179:. He is regarded to be the only deity who enjoyed the status of 4754: 2605: 2600: 2426: 1221:

The compilation of poems from Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku are as follows:

10577: 10081: 9968: 9901: 9333: 8741:

Manuscript, Print and Memory: Relics of the Cankam in Tamilnadu

8332:

Middle Chola Temples Rajaraja I to Kulottunga I (A.D. 985-1070)

8314:. International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1969. p. 131. 8292: 8290: 8269:. International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1969. p. 131. 7966: 7845: 7833: 7637: 7590: 7578: 7559: 7476: 7398: 7200: 7034:. New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. 6418: 6404: 6260: 6241: 6230: 6226: 6195: 6176: 6172: 6155: 6114: 6096: 6088: 6084: 6068: 6026: 5981: 5810: 5774: 5415: 5074: 4723: 4537: 3853: 3580: 3465: 3370: 3340: 3335: 3269: 3244: 3033: 2903: 2746: 2721: 2660: 2545: 2540: 2530: 2472: 2396: 2356: 2351: 2282: 2207: 2142: 2127: 2029: 1973: 1958: 1904: 1884: 1797: 1792: 1629: 794: 780: 768: 707: 561: 167: 7758:

Enna Prayocanam?' Constructing the canon in colonial Tamilnadu

7706:

Enna Prayocanam?' Constructing the canon in colonial Tamilnadu

7227: 6988: 1592:

The prosody of an example early Sangam poem is illustrated by

656:

into Tamil" and established a "Madhurapuri (Madurai) Sangam".

9951: 9313: 8376:"A Major event in the world of Music- The Hindu Music Review" 6630:

literature "does not seem to be much influenced by Sanskrit".

6400: 6390: 6222: 6030: 4740: 4610: 4375: 3887: 3425: 3294: 3204: 3051: 3005: 2985: 2665: 2650: 2590: 2580: 2565: 2550: 2525: 2376: 2346: 2232: 2132: 1963: 1928: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1874: 1802: 1577: 890:, the compilation of Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku poems are as follows: 723: 553: 111: 8287: 7988:

The Relation Between Tamil and Classical Sanskrit Literature

7821: 7809: 6639:

Other Sangam poems mention gods and goddesses. For example,

10617: 10465: 10076: 9956: 9533: 9156: 8476: 7166: 7164: 7121: 7119: 7117: 3214: 2995: 2965: 2908: 2655: 2642: 2535: 2137: 1978: 1968: 1943: 1909: 1859: 1841: 1463:

poems as well, categories are sometimes based on activity:

7882:

Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights

7738: 7679: 7677: 7760:, Indian Economic Social History Review 2005 42:535, p544 7708:, Indian Economic Social History Review 2005 42:535, p544 7266: 63:), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' ( 8898: 8790:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

7501:

Niklas, Ulrike (1988). "Introduction to Tamil Prosody".

7176: 7161: 7114: 6053:

love poems are set in the context of bathing festivals (

5971:

poem 202 is one of the earliest mentions of "pigtail of

40:

who is traditionally believed to have chaired the first

7674: 7278: 7096:"Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism in early Tamil History" 6149:, Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love ( 6079:(who worship Murugan as the Supreme god). According to 2082: 1619: 7779:. BRILL Academic. pp. 108–109 with footnote 129. 7337: 7335: 7311: 160:), with the exception of the shorter poems such as in 8518: 8408:

Narumugaiye - A.R.Rahman - Mirchi Unplugged Season 1

7947:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 98–110 with footnotes. 7905: 7069:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–119, 330–335. 5799:). In 1868, Navalar published an early commentary on 1404:, can be subclassified into seven minor genre called 8498:

Manguin, Pierre-Yves; Mani, A.; Wade, Geoff (2011).

7718:

Dennis Hudson (1996). Raymond Brady Williams (ed.).

7256: 7254: 7239: 6890:

Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature

6455: 6437:

The first music album on Tamil Sangam poetry titled

141:– is generally called the "post-Sangam" literature. 7538: 7341: 7332: 740: 8867:"Carbon dating confirms Keeladi 3 centuries older" 8695: 8554:The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia 8170:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 34. 8140:Viraha Bhakti: The Early History of Krsna Devotion 7534: 7532: 7416: 7377: 6967: 9695: 7496: 7494: 7290: 7251: 6882: 6880: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6741: 6105:is indicated to be the deity associated with the 726:, although also influenced by the Sangam Period. 722:is distinguished from it and is known as Ilam or 10703: 8328: 5864:Together, these scholars printed and published 5659:the young-girl sprouts-brightness toothed-female 5651:little-white-snake of lovely-striped young-body 1527:. The fundamental metrical unit in these is the 1428:(பாலை) arid. In addition to the landscape based 8497: 8190: 8011: 7874: 7872: 7529: 7423:. BRILL Academic. pp. 5–9 with footnotes. 7384:. BRILL Academic. pp. 3–5 with footnotes. 7233: 7100:Sanskriti - Hinduism and Indian Culture Website 7063:Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1958). 6974:. BRILL Academic. pp. 1–3 with footnotes. 6914:Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (1958). 6856: 6763: 6137:poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the 6075:(Who consider Vishnu as the Supreme Deity) and 5734: 1448:(unsuited, big genre) categories are used. The 584:survived and guided the third Sangam scholars. 8828: 8807: 8786: 8296: 8088: 8012:Ronald Ferenczi (2019). Róbert Válóczi (ed.). 7991:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 317–326. 7984: 7972: 7940: 7899: 7863: 7851: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7799: 7776:Handbook of Oriental Studies: Tamil Literature 7643: 7596: 7584: 7572: 7545:. Gregorian. pp. 124–127 with footnotes. 7503:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 7491: 7485: 7455: 7443: 7404: 7221: 7209: 7001: 6942: 6930: 6886: 6877: 6863:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 178–179. 6850: 6751: 6738: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6683: 6326:and you are the substance and meaning of all. 1547:is the unstressed/short syllable combination ( 9681: 8967: 8884: 8858: 8720:Kāvya in South India: Old Tamil Caṅkam Poetry 8716: 8533:A Reference Grammar of Classical Tamil Poetry 7934: 7724:. Columbia University Press. pp. 23–37. 7717: 7462:. New Era Publications. pp. 1–7, 50–55. 7373: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7078: 7076: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6907: 6717: 5835:(1887) - the first of the Eight Anthologies ( 5558: 4957: 1357:Sangam literature is broadly classified into 729:In Indian history, the Sangam period or age ( 79:. The Tamil tradition and legends link it to 8428:Social and Cultural History of Ancient India 7941:Michael Witzel (2012). George Erdosy (ed.). 7869: 6920:. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–112. 6842:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6432: 6063:was an important reason for the increase in 5711:– Creative translator: A.K. Ramanujan (1967) 10651:Meitei associate official language movement 8607:(Second ed.). Routledge. p. 205. 8529: 8480:A Word Index of Old Tamil Caṅkam Literature 8444: 8410:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QatLrdzalew 7878: 7667:Jonas Buchholz and Giovanni Ciotti (2017), 7307: 7305: 6724:. Pearson Education India. pp. 27–28. 6704: 6271: 6240:There are two poems depicted as example of 6233:and considers Vishnu as The Supreme god in 6095:was considered young and a personal god of 1559:in the Sangam poems are combined to form a 1372: 1362: 734: 667: 9688: 9674: 8974: 8960: 8905:Jesudasan, Dennis S. (20 September 2019). 8157: 8047:(2). Cambridge University Press: 233–250. 7711: 7362: 7314:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 7073: 7030:Selby, Martha Ann, ed. (31 January 2011). 6948: 6815: 5673:English interpretation and translation of 5565: 5551: 4964: 4950: 537: 8904: 8657: 8557:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 8430:. Lucknow: OnlineGatha—The Endless Tale. 8130: 7608: 7025: 7023: 6788: 6476:: open access Tamil literature repository 6358:But for your grace, for love, for virtue, 6145:) in the Sangam literature. According to 6025:in the "Eight Anthologies" group praises 564:as well as 545 sages including the famed 9230:Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition 8600: 8504:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 8455: 8100: 8038: 7459:Classical Tamil Prosody: An Introduction 7302: 7284: 7140: 6584:(1500–1200 BCE). About 300 words in the 5738: 886:("Eighteen Lesser Texts"). According to 830:The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature 793: 779:, and a few independent chieftains, the 671: 75:and is the earliest known literature of 31: 8835:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. BRILL. 8674: 8604:Ancient Indian History and Civilization 8227: 8163: 7920:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 252–255. 7803: 7744: 7348:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 78–79. 7182: 7170: 7125: 6439:Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil 6379:The other gods also referred to in the 3841:Sources and classification of scripture 1571:, while the line is referred to as the 864:("Eighteen Greater Texts") comprising 144:This collection contains 2381 poems in 36:Sculpture of the Ancient Tamil Siddhar 14: 10704: 8758: 8737: 8477:Thomas Lehmann; Thomas Malten (1992). 8425: 8355: 8318:from the original on 13 November 2017. 8273:from the original on 13 November 2017. 8248: 7683: 7655: 7500: 7272: 7245: 7194: 7020: 6548: 6308:among the stones, you are the diamond; 6199:"the red one", who is identified with 5687:with lovely stripes on its young body 1420:(மருதம்), riverine agricultural land; 174:. The Sangam literature also includes 9669: 9182:World Classical Tamil Conference 2010 8955: 8631: 8571: 8136: 8005: 7296: 7260: 7136: 7134: 7029: 6677: 2468:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 2463:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 8864: 8456:Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). 8234:. Abhinav Publications. p. 27. 8143:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 156. 7141:Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). 6265: 5663:bangle(s) possessing hand(s)-female" 1514: 834:Tamil history from Sangam literature 366:Tamil history from Sangam literature 8550: 8396:Sangam poems in contemporary songs 8378:. The Hindu Tamil. 28 February 2020 8137:Hardy, Friedhelm (1 January 2015). 8101:Zvelebil, Kamil (22 October 1974). 7617:(1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 4–14. 6819:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils 5699:her teeth like sprouts of new rice 166:which is more religious and praise 81:three legendary literary gatherings 27:Historic period of Tamil literature 24: 10656:Meitei classical language movement 8981: 8536:. American Philosophical Society. 8311:Journal of Tamil Studies, Volume 1 8266:Journal of Tamil Studies, Volume 1 7131: 6893:. BRILL Academic. pp. 12–13. 6399:"the victorious" (identified with 25: 10758: 10661:Meitei linguistic purism movement 9645:Ancient manuscript digitalisation 8936: 8865:Saju, M. T. (20 September 2019). 7611:Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 7085:, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2011) 6389:"the sovereign" (identified with 5727:and the mixed Paripatal meter in 5592:vaḷaiyuṭaik kaiyaḷem maṇaṅki yōḷē 1531:(metreme), itself of two types – 1471:(invasion, preparation for war), 1412:(குறிஞ்சி), mountainous regions; 1352: 8451:. Tamil University (1985 print). 8164:Clothey, Fred W. (20 May 2019). 7658:, pp. 13–15 with footnotes. 7446:, pp. 65–71 with footnotes. 7224:, pp. 59–61 with footnotes. 6789:Nadarajah, Devapoopathy (1994). 6510:Vaishnavism in Ancient Tamilakam 6458: 6316:in the Veda, you are the secret; 5703:her wrists stacked with bangles 5532: 4995: 4931: 1618: 1389:themed, and about one fourth is 822:Sources of ancient Tamil history 71:), connotes the early classical 9625:Standardisation of Tamil script 8402: 8390: 8368: 8349: 8335:. Oriental Press. p. 291. 8322: 8302: 8277: 8257: 8221: 8203: 8184: 8121: 8094: 8032: 7978: 7763: 7750: 7698: 7689: 7661: 7602: 7449: 7410: 7088: 7056: 7007: 6933:, pp. 9–10 with footnotes. 6754:, pp. 45–49 with footnotes 6633: 6623: 6592:. Of these 300, many – such as 6572: 6554: 6542: 6532: 6522: 6362:O god with the rich garland of 6356:not for gold, not for pleasure; 6318:among elements, the primordial; 5947: 5580:ciṟuveḷ ḷaravi ṉavvarik kuruḷai 1070: 892: 874:, "Eight Anthologies") and the 847: 749:), and parts of Sri Lanka from 10727:Cultural history of Tamil Nadu 8519:P. Meenakshi Sundaram (1965). 7906:Franklin C Southworth (2016). 7509:(1). PERSEE, France: 165–227. 7197:, p. 12 with footnote 25. 6945:, pp. 7–8 with footnotes. 6809: 6782: 6757: 6690:. Clarendon Press. p. 1. 6424:Further, the colophons of the 6320:in the burning sun, the light; 6037:. Similarly, the 150 poems of 5655:jungle elephant troubling like 1706:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 1444:(ill matched, one sided), and 13: 1: 8759:Wilson, A.Jeyaratnam (2000). 8699:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics 8551:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003). 7961:earliest texts of the Rigveda 7420:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics 7381:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics 6971:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics 6764:Roma Chatterjee, ed. (2021). 6670: 6480:List of historic Indian texts 6131:the paripadal-metre anthology 5882:Tholkappiyam Senavariyar urai 4762:Other society-related topics: 2458:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 1440:(well matched, mutual love), 750: 135: 128: 93: 8814:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 8681:. Harvard University Press. 8601:Nath sen, Sailendra (1999). 8329:Balasubrahmanyam, S (1977). 8107:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 8041:The Journal of Asian Studies 7539:Abraham Mariaselvam (1988). 7342:Thomas Manninezhath (1993). 6822:. Rowman & Littlefield. 6795:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 6322:in moonshine, its sweetness; 6312:among virtues, you are love; 6109:(pastoral landscape) in the 6001:(priest, teacher, scholar), 5735:Preservation and rediscovery 5691:troubles the jungle elephant 5667:– Translator: Kamil Zvelebil 5621: – – / – – / = – / – – 5619: = – / = – / – = / = – 4873:Hinduism and other religions 3670:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 1416:(முல்லை), pastoral forests; 676:South India in Sangam Period 184: 7: 9499:Megalithic graffiti symbols 9258:Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam 8696:Takanobu Takahashi (1995). 8522:History of Tamil Literature 8356:Charan, Sai (24 May 2023). 7885:. Penguin. pp. 23–24. 7417:Takanobu Takahashi (1995). 7378:Takanobu Takahashi (1995). 7015:The Poems of Ancient Tamil, 6968:Takanobu Takahashi (1995). 6451: 6354:We pray you not for wealth, 6306:in blossoms, the fragrance; 5625: = = / – = / = – / – – 5374:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara) 5150:Aparigraha (non-possession) 4618:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 4590:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 2323:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 2267:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 2262:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 1424:(நெய்தல்) coastal regions; 1206: 1193: 1180: 1167: 1154: 1141: 1128: 1115: 1102: 1089: 1078: 1050: 1031: 1012: 993: 974: 955: 936: 917: 900: 741: 619:(400 Tinai landscape poems) 10: 10763: 9732:list by number of speakers 9640:Printing in Tamil language 8738:Wilden, Eva Maria (2014). 8418: 6649:Tirumurukarruppatai 83–103 6304:In fire, you are the heat; 6203:, whose name is literally 6061:Religion in the Sangam age 5588:kiḷaiyaṇ muḷaivā ḷeyiṟṟaḷ 5360:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara) 5339:Pravachanasara (Digambara) 4494:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 3179:Gurus, sants, philosophers 3115:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 2303:Uparati (self-settledness) 1214: 1211: 1201: 1198: 1188: 1185: 1175: 1172: 1162: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1136: 1133: 1123: 1120: 1110: 1107: 1097: 1094: 1084: 1081: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 988: 985: 982: 979: 969: 966: 963: 960: 950: 947: 944: 941: 931: 928: 925: 922: 912: 909: 906: 903: 851: 838: 819: 541: 502:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 10712:Tamil-language literature 10633: 10590: 10570: 10552: 10484: 10451: 10418: 10411: 10384: 10296: 10273: 10250: 10212: 10174: 10156: 10123: 10095: 10062: 9892: 9847: 9804: 9781: 9772: 9704: 9617: 9596: 9570: 9542: 9491: 9448: 9411: 9395: 9352: 9301: 9238: 9197: 9190: 9169: 9144: 9128: 9100: 9059: 9052: 8989: 7773:(1975). Jan Gonda (ed.). 6433:Modern musical renditions 6295:அனைத்தின் உட்பொருளும் நீ; 6272: 6126: 5641:A literal translation of 3660:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 2318:Samadhana (concentration) 2182:Three paths to liberation 1689:Tribal religions in India 1674:Historical Vedic religion 1669:Indus Valley Civilisation 1373: 1363: 789: 735: 526: 493: 376: 345: 278: 223: 214: 195: 187: 9387:Tamil Lexicon dictionary 9067:Bangalore Tamil dialects 8459:A Brief History of India 7756:A.R. Venkatachalapathy, 7704:A.R. Venkatachalapathy, 7144:A Brief History of India 7017:U of California P, 1975. 6857:Hartmut Scharfe (1977). 6515: 6229:are said to be forms Of 6183:(achieving oneness with 6163:.The Earliest verses of 5848:– a Tamil scholar and a 5514:Parasparopagraho Jivanam 5367:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara) 5157:Anuvratas (further vows) 2494:, sacrifice, and charity 1567:are connected to form a 1396:Sangam literature, both 1290:Tiṉaimalai Nūṟṟu Aimpatu 760:centered in the city of 668:Historical Sangam period 664:or "Sangam age poetry". 10166:Sri Lankan Creole Malay 9698:languages of South Asia 9635:Simplified Tamil script 9283:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 8829:Kamil Zvelebil (1975). 8808:Kamil Zvelebil (1974). 8787:Kamil Zvelebil (1973). 8675:Shulman, David (2016). 8632:Shinu, Abraham (2003). 8525:. Annamalai University. 7985:George L. Hart (1976). 7515:10.3406/befeo.1988.1744 7456:Kamil Zvelebil (1989). 6887:Kamil Zvelebil (1992). 6684:K Kailasapathy (1968). 6368:with rolling clusters! 6289:வெஞ் சுடர் ஒளியும் நீ; 6248:, one in the praise of 6113:. Tolkappiyar Mentions 5683:As a little white snake 5600:, Author: Catti Nataanr 5123:Mahavratas (major vows) 4667:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 3880:Timeline of Hindu texts 3785:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 2818:Pumsavana Simantonayana 2473:Śabda (word, testimony) 1711:Epic-Puranic chronology 1679:Dravidian folk religion 538:Legendary Tamil Sangams 9372:Purapporul Venbamaalai 9177:World Tamil Conference 8717:Herman Tieken (2001). 8462:. Simon and Schuster. 8193:"2. The Sangam Period" 7866:, pp. 5–8, 51–56. 7623:10.1524/olzg.2011.0002 7147:. Simon and Schuster. 6860:Grammatical Literature 6718:Upinder Singh (2008). 6661:Perumpanarruppatai 459 6377: 6302: 6291:திங்களுள் அளியும் நீ; 6283:மறத்தினுள் மைந்து நீ; 6279:சொல்லினுள் வாய்மை நீ; 6277:கல்லினுள் மணியும் நீ; 6269: 6175:as the Supreme god of 5765:U. V. Swaminatha Aiyar 5752: 5715: 5671: 5639: 5636:in Tamil terminology. 5604: 5584:kāṉa yāṉai aṇaṅki yāaṅ 5421:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak 5332:Samayasāra (Digambara) 5145:Brahmacarya (chastity) 4632:Eighteen Greater Texts 4261:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 3690:Krishnananda Saraswati 2934:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 2448:Pratyakṣa (perception) 2308:Titiksha (forbearance) 817: 677: 631:(500 very short poems) 593:Tiruvilaiyatal puranam 440:Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu 217:Eighteen Greater Texts 48: 9403:Yāḻpāna Vaipava Mālai 9072:Central Tamil dialect 9022:Proto-South Dravidian 8744:. Walter de Gruyter. 8650:10.1353/asi.2003.0031 8211:"In praise of Vishnu" 8191:Dr.C.R.Krishnamurti. 7234:Manguin et al. (2011) 6351: 6335:Paripadal, iii: 63-68 6281:அறத்தினுள் அன்பு நீ; 6275:பூவினுள் நாற்றம் நீ; 5829:-Porulatikaram (1885) 5807:C.W. Damodaram Pillai 5761:C.W. Damodaram Pillai 5742: 5679: 5647: 5623: = – / = – / = – 5616: 5614:, Sangam meter rule: 5576: 5140:Asteya (non-stealing) 5130:Ahiṃsā (non-violence) 4748:Varna-related topics: 4639:Eighteen Lesser Texts 4212:Devi Bhagavata Purana 3108:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 3094:Achintya Bheda Abheda 3026:Philosophical schools 2328:Ahamkara (attachment) 2288:Vairagya (dispassion) 2216:Mokṣa-related topics: 1585:– particularly after 797: 675: 379:Eighteen Lesser Texts 67:: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், 35: 9468:Indo-Aryan languages 9293:Tamil Ganaptya texts 9225:List of Sangam poets 9170:Global organizations 8530:V. S. Rajam (1992). 8445:JV Chelliah (1946). 8228:Padmaja, T. (2002). 7879:Frits Staal (2008). 7013:George L. Hart III, 6505:List of Sangam poets 6339:—F Gros, K Zvelebil 6287:பூதத்து முதலும் நீ; 5878:Nachinarkiniyar Urai 5745:palm-leaf manuscript 5299:Schools and Branches 4880:Hinduism and Jainism 3810:Vethathiri Maharishi 3715:Nisargadatta Maharaj 2283:Viveka (discernment) 1658:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 1491:(elegy and praise), 589:Tirupputtur Tantakam 10742:Dravidian languages 10681:Pure Tamil movement 10237:Southern Nicobarese 9473:Dravidian languages 9273:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 8297:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 8091:, pp. 123–128. 8089:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7973:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7864:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7852:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7840:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7828:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7816:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 7800:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7747:, pp. 301–303. 7644:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7597:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7585:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7573:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7486:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7444:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7405:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 7222:Kamil Zvelebil 1975 7210:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 7002:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 6943:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 6931:Kamil Zvelebil 1974 6752:Kamil Zvelebil 1973 6687:Tamil Heroic Poetry 6314:in valour—strength; 6273:தீயினுள் தெறல் நீ; 6207:"the youth" in the 6071:Primarily followed 5821:Iraiyanar Akapporul 5792:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 5749:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 5695:this slip of a girl 5539:Religion portal 5229:The 24 Tirthankaras 4938:Hinduism portal 4817:Hinduism by country 4653:Iraiyanar Akapporul 4597:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 3680:Dayananda Saraswati 3665:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 3571:Sripada Srivallabha 3511:Raghunatha Siromani 3476:Narasimha Saraswati 2453:Anumāṇa (inference) 1137:Uruttirankannaiyar 1111:Mutattamakkanniyar 1091:Tirumurukarruppatai 1075: 897: 880:("Ten Idylls") and 371:Ancient Tamil music 287:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 10591:Prestige language- 10227:Central Nicobarese 9630:Tanittamil Iyakkam 9583:Tamil onomatopoeia 9210:Tamil books of Law 8871:The Times of India 8702:. BRILL Academic. 8638:Asian Perspectives 7908:Hock, Hans Henrich 7802:, pp. 45–46; 7275:, p. 123–136. 6567:Thiruvananthapuram 6443:Rajan Somasundaram 6017:(a poetic meter). 5817:Viracoliyam (1881) 5753: 5346:Agama (Śvetāmbara) 4832:Caribbean Shaktism 4551:Kanakadhara Stotra 3800:U. G. Krishnamurti 3780:Satyadhyana Tirtha 3376:Gangesha Upadhyaya 3034:Six Astika schools 2278:Ānanda (happiness) 2257:Anātman (non-self) 1563:(foot), while the 1202:Uruttirankannanar 1163:Mankuti Marutanar 1130:Perumpanarruppatai 1071: 893: 888:Takanobu Takahashi 818: 682:Old Tamil language 678: 328:Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai 59:: சங்க இலக்கியம், 49: 10717:Sangam literature 10699: 10698: 10613:Perso-Arabization 10586: 10585: 10407: 10406: 9663: 9662: 9650:Formation of CICT 9444: 9443: 9421:Asthana Kolahalam 9205:Sangam literature 9165: 9164: 8821:978-3-447-01582-0 8751:978-3-11-035276-4 8730:978-90-6980-134-6 8688:978-0-674-97465-4 8543:978-0-87169-199-6 8490:978-3-515-05814-8 8437:978-93-86352-69-9 8241:978-81-7017-398-4 8177:978-3-11-080410-2 8150:978-81-208-3816-1 8025:978-615-5304-84-2 7998:978-3-447-01785-5 7975:, pp. 13–14. 7954:978-3-11-081643-3 7927:978-3-11-042330-3 7892:978-0-14-309986-4 7854:, pp. 57–58. 7842:, pp. 51–56. 7806:, pp. 28–30. 7731:978-0-231-10779-2 7686:, pp. 35–39. 7646:, pp. 83–84. 7599:, pp. 67–72. 7587:, pp. 71–72. 7575:, pp. 66–67. 7552:978-88-7653-118-7 7488:, pp. 65–68. 7407:, pp. 50–56. 7355:978-81-208-1001-3 7212:, pp. 10–11. 7185:, pp. 28–29. 7173:, pp. 25–28. 7128:, pp. 27–28. 7083:Sangam Literature 7049:978-0-231-52158-1 7040:10.7312/selb15064 7032:Tamil Love Poetry 6870:978-3-447-01706-0 6829:978-1-5381-0686-0 6802:978-81-208-1215-4 6775:978-93-5409-122-3 6731:978-81-317-1120-0 6466:Literature portal 6343: 6342: 6310:in speech, truth; 6139:Eight Anthologies 6133:) is a classical 5632:, while "–" is a 5575: 5574: 5194:Micchami Dukkadam 5189:Bhaktamara Stotra 5118:Ethics of Jainism 4974: 4973: 4825:Balinese Hinduism 4324:Markandeya Purana 3561:Satyanatha Tirtha 3516:Raghuttama Tirtha 3506:Raghavendra Swami 3351:Ramdas Kathiababa 2432:Sources of dharma 2298:Dama (temperance) 2293:Sama (equanimity) 1659: 1515:Style and prosody 1276:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu 1219: 1218: 1117:Cirupanarruppatai 1104:Porunararruppatai 1069: 1068: 883:Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku 861:Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku 826:Sangam literature 801:is the author of 625:(400 Outer poems) 613:(400 short poems) 605:Netuntokai nanuru 535: 534: 531: 495:Bhakti Literature 428:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu 340:Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai 335:Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai 225:Eight Anthologies 197:Sangam literature 190:Sangam literature 53:Sangam literature 16:(Redirected from 10754: 10732:Hindu literature 10686:Sanskrit revival 10676:Punjabi Movement 10641:Bengali movement 10416: 10415: 9783:Great Andamanese 9779: 9778: 9690: 9683: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9557:Tamil honorifics 9288:Vinayagar Agaval 9253:Kampa Irāmāyaṉam 9215:Five Great Epics 9195: 9194: 9057: 9056: 8976: 8969: 8962: 8953: 8952: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8862: 8846: 8832:Tamil Literature 8825: 8811:Tamil Literature 8804: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8755: 8734: 8713: 8692: 8671: 8661: 8618: 8597: 8580:(1/2): 148–150. 8568: 8547: 8526: 8515: 8494: 8473: 8452: 8441: 8412: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8261: 8255: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8207: 8201: 8200: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8119: 8118: 8104:Tamil Literature 8098: 8092: 8086: 8073: 8072: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8009: 8003: 8002: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7938: 7932: 7931: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7876: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7767: 7761: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7715: 7709: 7702: 7696: 7693: 7687: 7681: 7672: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7606: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7557: 7556: 7536: 7527: 7526: 7498: 7489: 7483: 7474: 7473: 7453: 7447: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7375: 7360: 7359: 7339: 7330: 7329: 7309: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7264: 7258: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7198: 7192: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7138: 7129: 7123: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7102:. 26 August 2015 7092: 7086: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7027: 7018: 7011: 7005: 7004:, pp. 9–10. 6999: 6986: 6985: 6965: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6884: 6875: 6874: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6841: 6833: 6813: 6807: 6806: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6736: 6735: 6715: 6702: 6701: 6681: 6664: 6637: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6576: 6570: 6558: 6552: 6546: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6526: 6468: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6297: 6296: 6285:வேதத்து மறை நீ; 6266: 6128: 6065:Tamil Literature 5763:(1832–1901) and 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5601: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5537: 5536: 5474:Shravanabelagola 5381:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi 5353:Tattvartha Sutra 4999: 4976: 4975: 4966: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4896:and Christianity 4866:Pilgrimage sites 4796:Reform movements 4674:Vinayagar Agaval 4625:Five Great Epics 4574:Tamil literature 4473:Sushruta Samhita 4268:Bhavishya Purana 4254:Brahmanda Purana 4205:Bhagavata Purana 4133:Other scriptures 3695:Mahavatar Babaji 3275:Satyakama Jabala 2946:Ganesh Chaturthi 2800:Rites of passage 2313:Shraddha (faith) 1731:Major traditions 1657: 1622: 1599: 1598: 1376: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1283:Aintinai Eḻupatu 1269:Aintiṇai Aimpatu 1262:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu 1248:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu 1215:Perunkaucikanar 1076: 913:Number of poets 898: 854:Sangam landscape 814:Tamil literature 810:five great epics 758:Sangam academies 755: 752: 744: 738: 737: 611:Kuruntokai anuru 607:(400 long poems) 527: 435:Aintinai Eḻupatu 423:Aintiṇai Aimpatu 416:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu 404:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu 359:Sangam landscape 185: 140: 137: 133: 130: 98: 95: 92:, spanned from 73:Tamil literature 21: 10762: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10751: 10737:Jain literature 10702: 10701: 10700: 10695: 10671:Nepali movement 10629: 10625:Sanskritisation 10593: 10592: 10582: 10566: 10548: 10480: 10461:Arabi Malayalam 10447: 10403: 10380: 10292: 10269: 10246: 10208: 10170: 10152: 10119: 10091: 10058: 9888: 9843: 9800: 9774: 9768: 9700: 9694: 9664: 9659: 9655:Project Madurai 9613: 9597:Transliteration 9592: 9578:Tamil phonology 9566: 9544: 9538: 9519:Pallava grantha 9487: 9451:other languages 9450: 9440: 9414:natural science 9413: 9412:Mathematics and 9407: 9391: 9354: 9348: 9297: 9240: 9234: 9220:Ponniyin Selvan 9186: 9161: 9140: 9136:Malaysian Tamil 9129:Southeast Asian 9124: 9096: 9048: 9017:Proto-Dravidian 8985: 8980: 8947:Vaidehi Herbert 8939: 8934: 8933: 8923: 8921: 8903: 8899: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8875: 8873: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8843: 8822: 8801: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8752: 8731: 8710: 8689: 8615: 8586:10.2307/3250226 8565: 8544: 8512: 8491: 8470: 8438: 8426:Anjali (2017). 8421: 8416: 8415: 8407: 8403: 8395: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8354: 8350: 8343: 8327: 8323: 8308: 8307: 8303: 8295: 8288: 8282: 8278: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8253: 8249: 8242: 8226: 8222: 8217:. 24 July 2014. 8209: 8208: 8204: 8189: 8185: 8178: 8162: 8158: 8151: 8135: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8087: 8076: 8053:10.2307/2052342 8037: 8033: 8026: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7983: 7979: 7971: 7967: 7955: 7939: 7935: 7928: 7904: 7900: 7893: 7877: 7870: 7862: 7858: 7850: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7826: 7822: 7814: 7810: 7798: 7794: 7787: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7755: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7732: 7716: 7712: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7682: 7675: 7666: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7638: 7607: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7560: 7553: 7537: 7530: 7499: 7492: 7484: 7477: 7470: 7454: 7450: 7442: 7438: 7431: 7415: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7392: 7376: 7363: 7356: 7340: 7333: 7310: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7285:Nath sen (1999) 7283: 7279: 7271: 7267: 7259: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7201: 7193: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7139: 7132: 7124: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7074: 7061: 7057: 7050: 7028: 7021: 7012: 7008: 7000: 6989: 6982: 6966: 6949: 6941: 6937: 6929: 6925: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6885: 6878: 6871: 6855: 6851: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6814: 6810: 6803: 6787: 6783: 6776: 6762: 6758: 6750: 6739: 6732: 6716: 6705: 6698: 6682: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6667: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6624: 6577: 6573: 6559: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6474:Project Madurai 6464: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6435: 6409:"the sea god". 6374:Pari. v.: 78–81 6370: 6367: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6258: 5962:A. K. Ramanujan 5950: 5783:Shaiva Hinduism 5771:Arumuka Navalar 5757:Arumuka Navalar 5737: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5682: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5638: 5628:Note: "=" is a 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5603: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5531: 5524: 5523: 5489: 5488: 5479: 5478: 5446: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5411: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5326: 5325: 5323:Jain literature 5314: 5313: 5296: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5224: 5223: 5214: 5213: 5204:Ṇamōkāra mantra 5184: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5115: 5114: 5105: 5104: 5035: 5034: 4970: 4932: 4930: 4911: 4910: 4904: 4874: 4840: 4819: 4811: 4801: 4800: 4763: 4696: 4688: 4680: 4679: 4576: 4544: 4466:Charaka Samhita 4445:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 4403:Shilpa Shastras 4382: 4335: 4219:Naradiya Purana 4191: 4186: 4161: 4135: 4094: 3958: 3890: 3874: 3843: 3835: 3825: 3824: 3770:Shirdi Sai Baba 3765:Sathya Sai Baba 3745:Ramana Maharshi 3649: 3616:Vadiraja Tirtha 3611:Vācaspati Miśra 3491:Srinivasacharya 3471:Narahari Tirtha 3451:Matsyendranatha 3436:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 3401:Jagannatha Dasa 3391:Haridasa Thakur 3310: 3189: 3181: 3171: 3170: 3126: 3087:Vishishtadvaita 3036: 3028: 3018: 3017: 2971:Makar Sankranti 2951:Vasant Panchami 2914:Maha Shivaratri 2898: 2802: 2711: 2645: 2614: 2495: 2486: 2478: 2477: 2442: 2336: 2273:Prajña (wisdom) 2269: 2246: 2210: 2184: 2153: 2122: 2120:Meaning of life 2107:God in Hinduism 2096: 2060: 2058:Supreme reality 2035:Subtle elements 2024: 2005: 1999: 1989: 1988: 1844: 1813: 1787: 1779: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1732: 1726: 1716: 1715: 1660: 1655:Hindu synthesis 1651: 1646: 1517: 1467:(cattle raid), 1355: 1318:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu 1234:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai 910:Lines in poems 907:Original poems 856: 850: 841: 836: 820:Main articles: 792: 753: 670: 662:caṅka ilakkiyam 546: 540: 464:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu 392:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai 138: 131: 96: 61:caṅka ilakkiyam 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10760: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10722:Indian poetics 10719: 10714: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10666:Newar movement 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10637: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10621: 10620: 10610: 10609: 10608: 10601:Englishisation 10597: 10595: 10588: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10558: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10490: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10457: 10455: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10439:(Undeciphered) 10434: 10429: 10422: 10420: 10413: 10409: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10401: 10396: 10390: 10388: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10302: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10290: 10285: 10279: 10277: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10256: 10254: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10218: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10162: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10129: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10101: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10068: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9896: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9853: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9810: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9785: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9701: 9693: 9692: 9685: 9678: 9670: 9661: 9660: 9658: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9621: 9619: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9611: 9606: 9600: 9598: 9594: 9593: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9562:Tamil numerals 9559: 9554: 9548: 9546: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9495: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9454: 9452: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9431:Kaṇita Tīpikai 9428: 9426:Kaṇakkatikāram 9423: 9417: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9405: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9358: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9244: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9201: 9199: 9192: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9184: 9179: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9159: 9154: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9106: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9063: 9061: 9054: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8983:Tamil language 8979: 8978: 8971: 8964: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8938: 8937:External links 8935: 8932: 8931: 8897: 8883: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8847: 8841: 8826: 8820: 8805: 8799: 8784: 8771: 8756: 8750: 8735: 8729: 8714: 8708: 8693: 8687: 8672: 8644:(2): 207–223. 8629: 8619: 8613: 8598: 8569: 8563: 8548: 8542: 8527: 8516: 8510: 8495: 8489: 8483:. F. Steiner. 8474: 8468: 8453: 8442: 8436: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8401: 8389: 8367: 8348: 8341: 8321: 8301: 8286: 8276: 8256: 8247: 8240: 8220: 8202: 8183: 8176: 8156: 8149: 8129: 8120: 8113: 8093: 8074: 8031: 8024: 8004: 7997: 7977: 7965: 7953: 7933: 7926: 7898: 7891: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7832: 7820: 7808: 7792: 7785: 7771:Kamil Zvelebil 7762: 7749: 7737: 7730: 7710: 7697: 7688: 7673: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7558: 7551: 7528: 7490: 7475: 7468: 7448: 7436: 7429: 7409: 7397: 7390: 7361: 7354: 7331: 7301: 7289: 7287:, p. 205. 7277: 7265: 7250: 7238: 7236:, p. 138. 7226: 7214: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7160: 7153: 7130: 7113: 7087: 7072: 7055: 7048: 7019: 7006: 6987: 6980: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6906: 6899: 6876: 6869: 6849: 6828: 6808: 6801: 6781: 6774: 6756: 6737: 6730: 6703: 6696: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6632: 6622: 6618:Michael Witzel 6571: 6553: 6541: 6531: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6470: 6469: 6453: 6450: 6434: 6431: 6352: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6330: 6329: 6300: 6293:அனைத்தும் நீ; 6081:Kamil Zvelebil 5949: 5946: 5893:Silappatikaram 5843: 5842: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5767:(1855–1942). 5736: 5733: 5680: 5675:Kuruntokai 119 5648: 5643:Kuruntokai 119 5617: 5610:, also called 5598:Kuruntokai 119 5577: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5391: 5388:Silappatikaram 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5335: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5001: 5000: 4992: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4961: 4954: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4902: 4876: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4812: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4769:Discrimination 4765: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4660:Abirami Antati 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4546: 4545: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4508:Ramcharitmanas 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4462: 4459:Pramana Sutras 4455: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4431:Mimamsa Sutras 4427: 4424:Samkhya Sutras 4420: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4389:Dharma Shastra 4384: 4383: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4171: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4145: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4026: 4023:Shvetashvatara 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3995:Brihadaranyaka 3990: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3805:Upasni Maharaj 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3631:Vedanta Desika 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3551:Samarth Ramdas 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3501:Purandara Dasa 3498: 3493: 3488: 3486:Nimbarkacharya 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3406:Jayanta Bhatta 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2941:Raksha Bandhan 2938: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2823:Simantonnayana 2820: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2772:Carnatic music 2769: 2764: 2759: 2757:Bhagavata Mela 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2701:Kundalini yoga 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151:Stages of life 2149: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2112:God and gender 2109: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2045:Gross elements 2042: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1846: 1845: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1701:Itihasa-Purana 1692: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1624: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1551:(dibrach) and 1516: 1513: 1505:oral tradition 1377:, outer). The 1367:, inner), and 1354: 1353:Classification 1351: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1335: 1332:Mutumoḻikkānci 1328: 1325:Ciṟupañcamūlam 1321: 1314: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1286: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1230: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1208:Malaipatukatam 1204: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 991: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 953: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 934: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 915: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 852:Main article: 849: 846: 840: 837: 804:Silappatikaram 791: 788: 754: 300 BCE 712:Andhra Pradesh 700:southern India 669: 666: 639: 638: 632: 626: 620: 614: 608: 542:Main article: 539: 536: 533: 532: 524: 523: 521: 516: 510: 509: 504: 498: 497: 491: 490: 485: 479: 478: 476:Mutumoḻikkānci 473: 471:Ciṟupañcamūlam 467: 466: 461: 455: 454: 449: 443: 442: 437: 431: 430: 425: 419: 418: 413: 407: 406: 401: 395: 394: 389: 383: 382: 374: 373: 368: 362: 361: 356: 350: 349: 347:Related topics 343: 342: 337: 331: 330: 325: 319: 318: 313: 307: 306: 301: 299:Malaipaṭukaṭām 295: 294: 289: 283: 282: 276: 275: 270: 264: 263: 258: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 234: 228: 227: 221: 220: 212: 211: 206: 200: 199: 193: 192: 101:Kamil Zvelebil 97: 300 BCE 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10759: 10748: 10747:Indian poetry 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10692: 10691:Urdu movement 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10615: 10614: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10589: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10487: 10483: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10450: 10444: 10441: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10410: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10383: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10158:Malay creoles 10155: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10094: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9891: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9858: 9855: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9846: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9691: 9686: 9684: 9679: 9677: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9616: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9595: 9589: 9588:Tamil prosody 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9569: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Tamil grammar 9550: 9549: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9529:Tamil Braille 9527: 9525: 9524:Modern script 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9447: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9410: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9237: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9193: 9189: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9168: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9152:Brahmin Tamil 9150: 9149: 9147: 9143: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9087:Madurai Tamil 9085: 9083: 9082:Madras Bashai 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9055: 9051: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9037:Second Sangam 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9027:Tamil Sangams 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8988: 8984: 8977: 8972: 8970: 8965: 8963: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8948: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8901: 8893: 8887: 8872: 8868: 8861: 8857: 8851: 8850: 8844: 8842:90-04-04190-7 8838: 8834: 8833: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8813: 8812: 8806: 8802: 8800:90-04-03591-5 8796: 8792: 8791: 8785: 8774: 8772:9780774807593 8768: 8765:. UBC Press. 8764: 8763: 8757: 8753: 8747: 8743: 8742: 8736: 8732: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8715: 8711: 8709:90-04-10042-3 8705: 8701: 8700: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8680: 8679: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8630: 8628: 8627:9780231150651 8624: 8620: 8616: 8614:9788122411980 8610: 8606: 8605: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8574:Artibus Asiae 8570: 8566: 8564:9780521011099 8560: 8556: 8555: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8535: 8534: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8517: 8513: 8511:9789814345101 8507: 8503: 8502: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8475: 8471: 8469:9781594777943 8465: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8449: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8429: 8424: 8423: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8377: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8344: 8342:9789060236079 8338: 8334: 8333: 8325: 8317: 8313: 8312: 8305: 8299:, p. 49. 8298: 8293: 8291: 8280: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8260: 8251: 8243: 8237: 8233: 8232: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8187: 8179: 8173: 8169: 8168: 8160: 8152: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8133: 8124: 8116: 8114:9783447015820 8110: 8106: 8105: 8097: 8090: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8070: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8027: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8015:Goddess Woman 8008: 8000: 7994: 7990: 7989: 7981: 7974: 7969: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7946: 7945: 7937: 7929: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7913: 7912:Bashir, Elena 7909: 7902: 7894: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7875: 7873: 7865: 7860: 7853: 7848: 7841: 7836: 7830:, p. 51. 7829: 7824: 7818:, p. 47. 7817: 7812: 7805: 7801: 7796: 7788: 7786:90-04-04190-7 7782: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7759: 7753: 7746: 7741: 7733: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7714: 7707: 7701: 7692: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7670: 7664: 7657: 7652: 7645: 7640: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7593: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7554: 7548: 7544: 7543: 7535: 7533: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7495: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7469:9780836424591 7465: 7461: 7460: 7452: 7445: 7440: 7432: 7430:90-04-10042-3 7426: 7422: 7421: 7413: 7406: 7401: 7393: 7391:90-04-10042-3 7387: 7383: 7382: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7357: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7338: 7336: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7306: 7298: 7293: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7273:Anjali (2017) 7269: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7248:, p. 14. 7247: 7246:Wilson (2000) 7242: 7235: 7230: 7223: 7218: 7211: 7206: 7204: 7196: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7172: 7167: 7165: 7156: 7154:9781594777943 7150: 7146: 7145: 7137: 7135: 7127: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7068: 7067: 7059: 7051: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7026: 7024: 7016: 7010: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6983: 6981:90-04-10042-3 6977: 6973: 6972: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6944: 6939: 6932: 6927: 6919: 6918: 6910: 6902: 6900:90-04-09365-6 6896: 6892: 6891: 6883: 6881: 6872: 6866: 6862: 6861: 6853: 6845: 6839: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6777: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6699: 6697:9780198154341 6693: 6689: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6662: 6658: 6657:Kalittokai 89 6654: 6653:Akananuru 345 6650: 6646: 6642: 6641:Purananuru 23 6636: 6626: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6550: 6545: 6535: 6525: 6521: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6500:Tamil Sangams 6498: 6496: 6495:Second Sangam 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6456: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6375: 6369: 6365: 6350: 6348: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6301: 6298: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6252:and other of 6251: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6187:) during the 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5977:Pattinappalai 5974: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5905:Patiṟṟuppattu 5901: 5900: 5895: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5795:, one of the 5794: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5759:(1822–1879), 5758: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5721: 5713: 5678: 5676: 5669: 5646: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5599: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5440: 5439: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5405: 5404: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271:Samantabhadra 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5222:Major figures 5218: 5217: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5199:Navkar Mantra 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5178: 5177: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5135:Satya (truth) 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5109: 5108: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4955: 4953: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4839:Hindu culture 4837: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4791:Organisations 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4515:Yoga Vasistha 4512: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4480:Natya Shastra 4477: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4417:Brahma Sutras 4414: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4363:Sthapatyaveda 4360: 4358: 4357: 4356:Gandharvaveda 4353: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4317:Varaha Purana 4314: 4312: 4311: 4310:Skanda Purana 4307: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4247:Brahma Purana 4244: 4242: 4241: 4240:Garuda Purana 4237: 4235: 4234: 4233:Matsya Purana 4230: 4228: 4227: 4226:Vāmana Purana 4223: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4198:Vishnu Purana 4195: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4142:Bhagavad Gita 4139: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3725:Radhakrishnan 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3705:Narayana Guru 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3685:Jaggi Vasudev 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3675:Chinmayananda 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3536:Ramprasad Sen 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3386:Gorakshanatha 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3331:Allama Prabhu 3329: 3327: 3326:Akka Mahadevi 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3316:Abhinavagupta 3314: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3265:Prashastapada 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3175: 3174: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3125:Other schools 3123: 3122: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3102: 3101:Shuddhadvaita 3098: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2782:Kalaripayattu 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2717:Bharatanatyam 2715: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2596:Nritta-Nritya 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2234: 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Retrieved 7099: 7090: 7065: 7058: 7031: 7014: 7009: 6970: 6938: 6926: 6916: 6909: 6889: 6859: 6852: 6818: 6811: 6791: 6784: 6765: 6759: 6720: 6686: 6679: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6645:Akananuru 22 6644: 6640: 6635: 6625: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6585: 6579: 6574: 6556: 6544: 6534: 6524: 6490:First Sangam 6447: 6441:by Composer 6436: 6425: 6423: 6411: 6405: 6394: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6373: 6371: 6363: 6360:these three, 6353: 6344: 6334: 6324:you are all, 6303: 6270: 6259:To Tirumal ( 6257: 6239: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6193: 6180: 6154: 6150: 6142: 6130: 6118: 6107:mullai tiṇai 6106: 6101: 6059: 6050: 6042: 6038: 6022: 6019: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5976: 5968: 5966: 5951: 5948:Significance 5939: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873:Tholkappiyam 5871: 5865: 5863: 5844: 5836: 5809:, also from 5805: 5800: 5790: 5769: 5754: 5748: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5716: 5707:troubles me. 5681: 5674: 5672: 5649: 5642: 5640: 5633: 5629: 5618: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5597: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5509:Jain symbols 5393: 5386: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5358: 5351: 5344: 5337: 5330: 5248: 5209:Jai Jinendra 5182:Jain prayers 5156: 5122: 5070:Kevala Jnana 5040:Anekantavada 4898: / 4894: / 4890: / 4886: / 4884:and Buddhism 4882: / 4846:Architecture 4809:Other topics 4747: 4730: 4702:Four varnas: 4701: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4487:Panchatantra 4485: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4438:Nyāya Sūtras 4436: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4401: 4396:Artha Śastra 4394: 4387: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4303:Kūrma Purana 4301: 4296:Linga Purana 4294: 4289:Shiva Purana 4287: 4280: 4275:Padma Purana 4273: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4196: 4173: 4166: 4151:s (Hinduism) 4148: 4140: 4081: 4074: 4067: 4061:Atharvaveda: 4060: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4028: 4021: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3925: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3895: 3775:Shraddhanand 3750:Ravi Shankar 3730:R. D. Ranade 3591:Śyāma Śastri 3586:Swaminarayan 3546:Rupa Goswami 3456:Morya Gosavi 3416:Jiva Goswami 3321:Adi Shankara 3147:Pratyabhijña 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3071: 2878:Samavartanam 2858:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 2843:Annaprashana 2767:Dandiya Raas 2742:Mohiniyattam 2635:Nididhyāsana 2440:Epistemology 2372:Brahmacharya 2252:Ātman (self) 2215: 2159:Brahmacharya 2088:Saccidānanda 2040:Panchikarana 1916: 1849: 1840: / 1836:Other major 1760: 1694: 1693: 1648: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1518: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1295: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1241:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu 1239: 1232: 1225: 1220: 1207: 1194: 1181: 1169:Netunalvatai 1168: 1155: 1143:Mullaippattu 1142: 1129: 1124:Nattattanar 1116: 1103: 1090: 1072: 1051: 1032: 1013: 994: 975: 956: 937: 918: 894: 881: 875: 871: 865: 859: 857: 848:Compilations 842: 825: 802: 785: 766: 728: 693: 689: 679: 661: 658: 651: 646: 640: 634: 628: 622: 616: 610: 604: 597: 592: 588: 586: 579: 573: 552:Hindu deity 548: 547: 494: 399:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu 377: 346: 316:Neṭunalvāṭai 311:Mullaippāṭṭu 215: 196: 189: 161: 157: 153: 143: 123: 109: 89: 68: 60: 52: 50: 42:Tamil Sangam 29: 10646:Hela Havula 10356:Nepal Bhasa 9862:Bangladeshi 9712:Afghanistan 9377:Tolkāppiyam 9278:Thiruppugal 9077:Kongu Tamil 8852:Web-sources 8659:10125/17189 7684:Wilden 2014 7656:Wilden 2014 7195:Wilden 2014 6590:Frits Staal 6549:Wilson 2000 6382:Tolkappiyam 6345:To Seyyon ( 6261:Maha Vishnu 6250:Maha Vishnu 6244:in Ancient 6231:Maha Vishnu 6219:Tolkappiyam 6210:Tolkāppiyam 6147:Tolkappiyam 6111:Tolkappiyam 6073:Vaishnavism 6043:Mahabharata 5969:Ainkurunuru 5938:(1918) and 5917:Aiṅkurunūṟu 5899:Pattuppāṭṭu 5887:Manimekalai 5855:Kumbhakonam 5827:Tolkappiyam 5801:Tolkappiyam 5519:Topics list 5444:Pilgrimages 5395:Valayapathi 5294:Major sects 5281:Yashovijaya 5085:Brahmacarya 4892:and Judaism 4888:and Sikhism 4856:Iconography 4781:Nationalism 4774:Persecution 4558:Shiva Stuti 4452:Yoga Sutras 4282:Agni Purana 4184:Other texts 4175:Mahabharata 3918:Atharvaveda 3815:Vivekananda 3740:Rama Tirtha 3735:Ramakrishna 3710:Nigamananda 3700:Mahesh Yogi 3576:Sripadaraja 3566:Siddheshwar 3461:Mukundarāja 3441:Madhusūdana 3431:Kanaka Dasa 3356:Chakradhara 3300:Yajnavalkya 3290:Vishvamitra 3159:Pancharatra 3057:Vaisheshika 3013:Ratha Yatra 2961:Janmashtami 2956:Rama Navami 2873:Ritushuddhi 2848:Chudakarana 2838:Nishkramana 2808:Garbhadhana 2777:Pandav Lila 2686:Bhakti yoga 2571:Prāyaścitta 2342:Niti śastra 2190:Bhakti yoga 2169:Vānaprastha 1984:Vishvakarma 1917:Post-Vedic: 1753:Vaishnavism 1695:Traditional 1583:Tolkappiyam 1487:(victory), 1475:(tragedy), 1450:Ainkurunuru 1446:perunthinai 1311:Ācārakkōvai 1304:Tirikaṭukam 1255:Kār Nāṟpatu 1150:Napputanar 1073:Pattuppattu 957:Ainkurunuru 877:Pattuppāṭṭu 808:one of the 710:, parts of 684:, the term 653:Mahabharata 629:Ainkurunuru 581:Tolkāppiyam 507:Ramavataram 459:Ācārakkōvai 452:Tirikaṭukam 411:Kār Nāṟpatu 232:Aiṅkurunūṟu 209:Tolkāppiyam 156:) and war ( 134:but before 112:monasteries 77:South India 10706:Categories 10554:Old Italic 10494:Devanagari 10419:Historical 10288:Portuguese 10105:Burushaski 10024:Rajasthani 9947:Hindustani 9894:Indo-Aryan 9882:Sri Lankan 9717:Bangladesh 9514:Vatteluttu 9241:literature 9239:Devotional 9191:Literature 9145:Sociolects 9115:Batticaloa 9102:Sri Lankan 8876:8 February 8197:tripod.com 6671:References 6426:Paripaatal 6246:Tamil Nadu 6189:Sangam age 6181:Paramporul 6143:Ettuthokai 6129:, meaning 6067:. Ancient 6051:Paripaatal 6039:Kalittokai 6023:Paripaatal 5923:Kuṟuntokai 5911:Puṟanāṉūṟu 5867:Kalittokai 5861:in 1889. 5859:Ten Idylls 5838:Eṭṭuttokai 5833:Kalittokai 5797:Ten Idylls 5779:Tirukkuṟaḷ 5725:Kalittokai 5431:Samvatsari 5426:Paryushana 5309:Śvetāmbara 5276:Haribhadra 5266:Siddhasena 5261:Kundakunda 5169:Sallekhana 5095:Gunasthana 5090:Aparigraha 5032:Philosophy 4732:Varna-less 4604:Tiruppukal 4565:Vayu Stuti 4529:Panchadasi 4522:Swara yoga 4410:Kama Sutra 4349:Dhanurveda 4009:Taittiriya 3987:Yajurveda: 3979:Kaushitaki 3956:Upanishads 3948:Upanishads 3872:Scriptures 3720:Prabhupada 3636:Vidyaranya 3521:Ram Charan 3496:Prabhākara 3411:Jayatīrtha 3366:Dadu Dayal 3361:Chāngadeva 3220:Bharadwaja 3210:Ashtavakra 2976:Kumbh Mela 2924:Durga Puja 2853:Karnavedha 2833:Nāmakaraṇa 2762:Yakshagana 2691:Karma yoga 2681:Jnana yoga 2676:Hatha yoga 2613:Meditation 2586:Tirthadana 2367:Aparigraha 2223:Paramātman 2208:Liberation 2200:Karma yoga 2195:Jnana yoga 1924:Dattatreya 1724:Traditions 1649:Historical 1594:Kuruntokai 1497:pothuviyal 1483:(battle), 1297:Tirukkuṛaḷ 1052:Purananuru 1014:Kalittokai 938:Kuruntokai 895:Ettuttokai 872:Ettuttokai 867:Ettuthogai 742:caṅkakālam 704:Tamil Nadu 695:Purananuru 637:(Ten Tens) 623:Purananuru 598:Ettuttokai 556:, his son 447:Tirukkuṟaḷ 280:Ten Idylls 256:Kuṟuntokai 249:Kalittokai 244:Puṟanāṉūṟu 188:Topics in 163:Paripaatal 120:Kumbakonam 10594:influence 10514:Malayalam 10476:Shahmukhi 10443:Kharosthi 10428:(Abugida) 10361:Sikkimese 10214:Nicobaric 9877:Pakistani 9824:Malayalam 9806:Dravidian 9775:languages 9764:Sri Lanka 9742:classical 9737:scheduled 9571:Phonology 9543:Lexis and 9509:Koleḻuttu 9449:Tamil and 9362:Agattiyam 9319:Iraichchi 9268:Tirumurai 9263:Tēmpāvaṉi 8997:Old Tamil 8924:12 August 8919:0971-751X 8911:The Hindu 8793:. BRILL. 8723:. BRILL. 8668:153420843 8215:The Hindu 8069:163785902 7631:163609253 7523:0336-1519 7320:: 43–45. 7106:23 August 6838:cite book 6563:Thanjavur 6485:Tamiḻakam 6235:Paripāṭal 6185:Paramatma 6171:consider 6169:Paripadal 6165:Paripadal 6161:Tamilakam 6151:akapporul 6119:Paripādal 6091:where as 6055:Magh Mela 5941:Akanāṉūṟu 5935:Paripāṭal 5729:Paripatal 5504:Jain flag 5494:Ekendriya 5469:Shikharji 5409:Festivals 5304:Digambara 5256:Ganadhara 5045:Cosmology 4906:Criticism 4900:and Islam 4861:Mythology 4714:Kshatriya 4646:Athichudi 4583:Tirumurai 4501:Tirumurai 4110:Vyākaraṇa 4046:Chandogya 4038:Samaveda: 3926:Divisions 3904:Yajurveda 3864:Ātmatuṣṭi 3820:Yogananda 3795:Trailanga 3790:Sivananda 3655:Aurobindo 3641:Vyasaraja 3606:Tyagaraja 3556:Sankardev 3526:Ramananda 3421:Jñāneśvar 3396:Harivansh 3381:Gaudapada 3346:Chaitanya 3285:Vashistha 3255:Patanjali 3235:Jamadagni 3154:Vaishnava 3142:Pashupata 2919:Navaratri 2896:Festivals 2863:Upanayana 2828:Jatakarma 2813:Pumsavana 2732:Kuchipudi 2727:Kathakali 2696:Rāja yoga 2630:Samādhāna 2511:Prarthana 2485:Practices 2412:Svādhyāya 2016:Mythology 2011:Cosmology 2004:Worldview 1949:Kartikeya 1880:Prajapati 1819:Saraswati 1493:karanthai 1479:(siege), 1442:kaikkilai 1438:ain-tinai 1346:Kainnilai 1227:Nālaṭiyār 1176:Nakkirar 1098:Nakkirar 1033:Akananuru 995:Paripatal 919:Natrrinai 747:Tamilakam 736:சங்ககாலம் 720:Sri Lanka 716:Karnataka 690:Tamiḻakam 686:Tamilakam 647:Classical 575:Akattiyam 519:Tirumuṟai 488:Kainnilai 387:Nālaṭiyār 268:Paripāṭal 237:Akanāṉūṟu 204:Agattiyam 105:colophons 10634:Activism 10606:Hinglish 10509:Gurmukhi 10504:Gujarati 10471:Nastaliq 10366:Tenyidie 10321:Dzongkha 10138:Lyngngam 10097:Isolates 10034:Sanskrit 10029:Rangpuri 9999:Maithili 9974:Kashmiri 9962:Hinglish 9942:Gujarati 9912:Bhojpuri 9907:Assamese 9872:Nepalese 9849:Germanic 9791:Aka-Jeru 9759:Pakistan 9749:Maldives 9436:Yerambam 9198:Classics 9053:Dialects 8778:28 April 8316:Archived 8271:Archived 7914:(eds.). 7326:44140886 6594:kapardin 6452:See also 6396:Korravai 6215:Shaivism 6127:பரிபாடல் 6077:Kaumaram 6003:aciriyam 5999:aciriyan 5954:Sanskrit 5932:(1915), 5929:Naṟṟiṇai 5926:(1915), 5920:(1903), 5914:(1894), 5908:(1889). 5902:(1889), 5896:(1889), 5890:(1898), 5884:(1868), 5880:(1895), 5870:(1887), 5612:aciriyam 5459:Palitana 5244:Mahavira 5234:Rishabha 5164:Sāmāyika 5016:Timeline 4981:a series 4979:Part of 4919:Glossary 4851:Calendar 4786:Hindutva 4709:Brahmana 4380:samhitas 4372:Shastras 4342:Ayurveda 4333:Upavedas 4168:Ramayana 4159:Itihasas 4125:Jyotisha 4092:Vedangas 4076:Mandukya 3972:Aitareya 3964:Rigveda: 3943:Aranyaka 3938:Brahmana 3911:Samaveda 3626:Valluvar 3621:Vallabha 3601:Tulsidas 3531:Ramanuja 3481:Nayanars 3466:Namadeva 3308:Medieval 3250:Kashyapa 3166:Charvaka 3137:Kapalika 3001:Puthandu 2991:Vaisakhi 2888:Antyesti 2868:Keshanta 2792:Adimurai 2787:Silambam 2752:Sattriya 2737:Manipuri 2422:Mitahara 2402:Santosha 2362:Achourya 2174:Sannyasa 2164:Gṛhastha 2023:Ontology 1997:Concepts 1785:Trimurti 1748:Smartism 1743:Shaktism 1738:Shaivism 1612:Hinduism 1604:a series 1602:Part of 1455:Similar 1436:poetry, 1189:Kapilar 617:Narrinai 578:and the 566:Rigvedic 261:Natṟiṇai 176:Buddhist 116:Hinduism 38:Agastyar 10534:Sinhala 10529:Ranjana 10519:Kannada 10499:Bengali 10486:Brahmic 10412:Scripts 10394:Turkmen 10376:Tripuri 10371:Tibetan 10336:Ladakhi 10275:Romance 10242:Teressa 10199:Santali 10194:Mundari 10115:Kusunda 10072:Balochi 10064:Iranian 10054:Sylheti 10049:Sinhala 10039:Saraiki 10019:Punjabi 10004:Marathi 9984:Kumaoni 9979:Konkani 9932:Dhivehi 9917:Bengali 9857:English 9819:Kannada 9545:grammar 9492:Scripts 9463:Sinhala 9458:English 9396:History 9339:Ullurai 9110:Negombo 8990:History 8894:. 1995. 8594:3250226 8419:Sources 8382:2 March 8061:2052342 6610:mleccha 6586:Rigveda 6581:Rigveda 6415:scepter 6406:Varunan 6366:flowers 6364:kaṭampu 6347:Skandha 6254:Murugan 6205:Murukaṉ 6201:Murugan 6173:Perumal 6047:Benares 6035:Murugan 5995:acarya– 5986:Murugan 5973:Brahmin 5958:Madurai 5499:Temples 5250:Arihant 5100:Saṃsāra 5011:History 4989:Jainism 4924:Outline 4719:Vaishya 4687:Society 4538:Stotras 4189:Puranas 4115:Nirukta 4105:Chandas 4100:Shiksha 4083:Prashna 4069:Mundaka 3933:Samhita 3897:Rigveda 3760:Samarth 3596:Tukaram 3541:Ravidas 3280:Valmiki 3230:Jaimini 3200:Angiras 3195:Agastya 3187:Ancient 3073:Advaita 3067:Vedanta 3062:Mīmāṃsā 3042:Samkhya 2929:Ramlila 2671:Sādhanā 2561:Tarpana 2546:Kīrtana 2541:Bhajana 2492:Worship 2417:Shaucha 2392:Akrodha 2238:Saṃsāra 2102:Ishvara 2071:Nirguna 2066:Brahman 2030:Tattvas 1954:Krishna 1939:Hanuman 1934:Ganesha 1870:Chandra 1865:Ashvins 1829:Parvati 1824:Lakshmi 1811:Tridevi 1777:Deities 1684:Śramaṇa 1664:History 1645:Origins 1635:History 1581:of the 1549:pyrrhic 1495:, and 1489:paataan 1432:s, for 1418:marutam 1410:kuṟiñci 1085:Author 1062:varies 1024:varies 1005:varies 986:varies 839:Authors 762:Madurai 733:: 570:Agastya 558:Murugan 514:Tevaram 182:epics. 180:Jainist 172:Murugan 150:Kapilar 118:, near 85:Madurai 83:around 46:Madurai 10578:Thaana 10544:Telugu 10453:Arabic 10426:Brahmi 10386:Turkic 10346:Meitei 10331:Hajong 10283:French 10265:Jarawa 10232:Chaura 10125:Khasic 10110:Nihali 10082:Pashto 10044:Sindhi 10009:Nepali 9989:Magahi 9969:Hindko 9922:Chakma 9902:Angika 9867:Indian 9834:Telugu 9814:Brahui 9796:Aka-Bo 9722:Bhutan 9696:Major 9618:Events 9483:Korean 9367:Nannūl 9334:Thinai 9302:Poetry 9120:Jaffna 9060:Indian 8917: 8839: 8818: 8797: 8769: 8748: 8727: 8706: 8685: 8666: 8625: 8611: 8592: 8561: 8540: 8508: 8487: 8466: 8434: 8339: 8238: 8174: 8147: 8111: 8067: 8059: 8022: 7995: 7951: 7924: 7889: 7783: 7728: 7629: 7549: 7521: 7466: 7427: 7388: 7352: 7324: 7151: 7046: 6978: 6897: 6867: 6826: 6799: 6772: 6728: 6694: 6606:kikata 6602:kumari 6598:kumara 6419:Sengol 6403:) and 6393:) and 6387:Vēntaṉ 6242:Bhakti 6227:Brahma 6177:Tamils 6097:Tamils 6093:Skanda 6089:Tamils 6085:Vishnu 6069:Tamils 6027:Vishnu 6011:akaval 6007:akavar 5982:Vishnu 5850:Shaiva 5823:(1883) 5811:Jaffna 5787:Shaiva 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The 1553:iambic 1539:. The 1521:akaval 1507:. The 1499:. 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