782:
and national level caste sabhas. The
Yadavas became the first among the shudras to gain the right to wear the janeu, a case of successful sanskritisation which continues till date. As a prominent agriculturist caste in the region, despite belonging to the shudra varna, the Yadavas claimed Kshatriya status tracing descent from the Yadu dynasty. The caste's efforts matched those of census officials, for whom standardisation of overlapping names was a matter of policy. The success of the Yadava movement also lies in the fact that, among the jaati sabhas, the Yadava sabha was probably the strongest, its journal,
419:
781:
Quote: "The movement, which had a wide interregional spread, attempted to submerge regional names such as Goala, Ahir, Ahar, Gopa, etc., in favour of the generic term Yadava (Rao 1979). Hence a number of pastoralist castes were subsumed under Yadava, in accordance with decisions taken by the regional
880:
Quote: "The Ahir and allied cowherd castes (whether actually pastoralists or cultivators, as in the Punjab) have recently organized a pan-Indian caste association with political as well as social reformist goals using the epic designation of Yadava (or Jadava) Vanshi
Kshatriya, ie the warrior caste
216:
its ritual and pantheon. In short, it took over, as far as possible, the customs, rites, and beliefs of the
Brahmins, and adoption of the Brahminic way of life by a low caste seems to have been frequent, though theoretically forbidden. This process has been called ‘Sanskritisation’ in this book, in
759:
Scholars have conceptualised diversely the processess of social change experienced by tribes in contact with non–tribal societies. This is evident from the range of the terms used for capturing the processes, the most common being 'Sanskritisation' and 'Hinduisation'. At times anthropologists have
405:
Sanskritisation fails to account for many aspects of cultural changes in the past and contemporary India as it neglects non-sanskritic traditions. It may be noted that often a non-sanskritic element of culture may be a localised form of sanskritic tradition. Sanskritic rites are often added to
117:
the process whereby local or regional forms of culture and religion – local deities, rituals, literary genres – become identified with the great tradition of
Sanskrit literature and culture: namely the culture and religion of orthodox, Aryan, Brahmans, which accepts the Veda as revelation and,
616:, p. 148: "Within the developing Hindu traditions we can see the process of Sanskritization or Brahmanization, whereby the great brahmanical tradition of vedic social values, vedic ritual forms and Sanskrit absorbs local traditions of ritual and ideology."
310:. According to historical evidence, the present day Rajput community varies greatly in status, consisting of those with royal lineage to those whose ancestors were petty tenants or tribals who gained land and political power to justify their claim of being
125:
In this process, local traditions (little traditions) become integrated into the great tradition of
Brahmanical religion, disseminating Sanskrit texts and Brahmanical ideas throughout India, and abroad. This facilitated the development of the
847:
Quote: "In his typology of low caste movements, (M. S. A.) Rao distinguishes five categories. The first is characterised by 'withdrawal and self-organisation'. ... The second one, illustrated by the Yadavs, is based on the claim of 'higher
772:
Jassal, Smita Tewari; École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales; University of Oxford. Institute of Social
Anthropology (2001). "Caste in the Colonial State: Mallahs in the census".
302:
caste is traditionally involved into distillation and selling of liquor, but around the start of the 20th century, various organisations related to the caste sought to redefine the image of their community through this process.
289:
word as part of
Sanskritisation effort to gain upward mobility in society during late 19th century to early 20th century. Similar attempts were made by communities who were historically classed as non-elite tillers like
370:
also underwent
Sanskritisation. He further suggested that, after going through Sanskritisation, such tribes would claim that they are castes and hence Hindus. This phenomenon has also been observed in
137:
According to
Srinivas, Sanskritisation is not just the adoption of new customs and habits, but also includes exposure to new ideas and values appearing in Sanskrit literature. He says the words
225:
addressed the actual complexity and fluidity of caste relations. It brought into academic focus the dynamics of the renegotiation of status by various castes and communities in India.
771:
109:
caste. Generally such changes are followed by a claim to a higher position in the caste hierarchy than that traditionally conceded to the claimant class by the local community..."
208:
The caste system is far from a rigid system, in which the position of each component caste is fixed for all time. Movement has always been possible, and especially in the
2745:
273:
status of
Brahmin or Kshatriyas, the two prestigious Varna of the Vedic-age Varna system. One of the main example of it is various non-elite pastoral communities like
707:
236: (1916, 1917). Jaffrelot goes on to say, "While the term was coined by Srinivas, the process itself had been described by colonial administrators such as
1757:
335:
claim to Brahmin status, which is not generally accepted outside that community, despite their adoption of some Brahmin caste traits, such as wearing the
786:, having an all-India spread. These factors strengthened local efforts, such as in Bhojpur, where the Yadavas, locally known as Ahirs, refused to do
1772:
743:
Xaxa, Virginius (12–18 June 1999). Raj, Krishna; Prakash, Padma; Gavaskar, Mahesh (eds.). "Transformation of Tribes in India: Terms of Discourse".
1908:
1619:
354:
Srinivas was of the view that Sanskritisation was not limited to the Hindu castes, and stated that the semi-tribal groups including Himalayas's
3190:
1752:
212:. A caste was able, in a generation or two, to rise to a higher position in the hierarchy by adopting vegetarianism and teetotalism, and by
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In a broader sense, also called Brahmanisation, it is a historical process in which local Indian religious traditions become
321:, of vegetarianism by people belonging to the so-called low castes who are traditionally not averse to non-vegetarian food.
2632:
1725:
63:
in the 1950s. Sanskritisation has in particular been observed among mid-ranked members of caste-based social hierarchies.
1612:
496:, p. 33 notes, "Ambedkar advanced the basis of one of the most heuristic of concepts in modern Indian Studies – the
217:
preference to ‘Brahminisation’, as certain Vedic rites are confined to the Brahmins and the two other twice-born castes.
2534:
2448:
448:
3010:
2602:
2544:
1473:
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1337:
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298:, Murao etc. from the late 19th century onwards through their caste organisations by claiming higher social status.
1297:
792:, or forced labour, for the landlords and simultaneously prohibited liquor consumption, child marriages, and so on."
2260:
2206:
328:
in rural North India who did Sanskritisation with the help of Arya Samaj as a part of a social upliftment effort.
3306:
2658:
105:
or other group, changes its customs, ritual, ideology, and way of life in the direction of a high and frequently
3291:
3286:
1605:
1307:
1255:. The history of Hinduism " Sources of Hinduism " Non-Indo-European sources " The process of "Sanskritization".
355:
173:
are the most common Sanskrit theological ideas which become common in the talk of people who are sanskritised.
1544:
221:
The book challenged the then prevalent idea that caste was a rigid and unchanging institution. The concept of
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society by such means with the failure of the Vishwakarma to achieve the same. Their position as a
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1457:(11th Reprint ed.). Bombay, IN: Media Promoters & Publishers. 1994 . p. 48.
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Bopegamage, A.; Kulahalli, R. N. (1971). "'Sanskritization' and Social Change in India".
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52:
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One clear example of Sanskritisation is the adoption, in emulation of the practice of
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also used 'Kshatriyisation' and 'Rajputisation' as substitutes for 'Sanskritisation'.
577:
189:
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1966:
1185:
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269:
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551:
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339:, and the Brahminisation of their rituals. Srinivas juxtaposed the success of the
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2005:
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Charsley, S. (1998). "Sanskritization: The career of an anthropological theory".
958:
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127:
75:
749:. Vol. 34, no. 24. Economic and Political Weekly. pp. 1520–1521.
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90:
60:
48:
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1502:, vol. 7 (2nd ed.), Detroit: Macmillan Reference, pp. 323–324
150:
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43:
placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the
3217:
3158:
3118:
3113:
3060:
2470:
2352:
2175:
1971:
1676:
193:
67:
19:
For the process by which a language becomes influenced by Sanskrit, see
1597:
1547:. Department of Religion / School of Law. Washington and Lee University.
1465:
The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000
1122:
943:
919:
532:
3195:
3123:
2942:
2932:
1399:
Modernization of Indian Tradition – A systematic study of social change
1326:"Karnataka: Caste, dominance and social change in the 'Indian village'"
754:
282:
131:
71:
1489:. New York, NY; London, UK: The Macmillan Company; Macmillan & Co.
960:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
894:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
832:
India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
808:. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 443.
3103:
3088:
1696:
1691:
994:
Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940
344:
311:
201:
56:
1021:
557:
3253:
3248:
3168:
3153:
340:
79:
1554:"Early Sanskritization: Origins and development of the Kuru State"
1352:
Dr. Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analysing and fighting caste
997:(Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. p.
3263:
3258:
1330:
The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, themes, and theory
473:
348:
163:
3239:
2398:
1437:
Theory and Method: Evaluation of the work of M.N. Srinivas
1299:
Many Tongues, One People: The making of Tharu identity in Nepal
363:
307:
169:
145:
44:
232:, p. 33, a similar heuristic was previously described by
35:) is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which
1431:
788:
538:
383:
371:
367:
359:
318:
295:
291:
286:
139:
106:
102:
40:
36:
920:"Political Awakening, Caste Movement and Congress Behaviour"
881:
descending from the Yadava lineage of the Mahabharata fame."
708:"Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development"
375:
274:
248:, in whose works Ambedkar might well have encountered it."
192:. The thesis was later brought out as a book, which was an
991:. In Gallagher, John; Johnson, Gordon; Seal, Anil (eds.).
134:
absorbed local popular traditions of ritual and ideology.
1027:
573:
India's Power Elite: Class, Caste and Cultural Revolution
325:
862:
Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheimer, Günther-Dietz (1975).
765:
59:
terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist
1375:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 428.
1039:
724:
636:
1435:; Shah, A.M.; Baviskar, B.S.; Ramaswamy, E.A. (1996).
1078:
822:
684:
660:
597:
595:
593:
1129:
855:
1408:
Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India
1057:
672:
626:
624:
622:
414:
1141:
1096:
852:
status' and fits with Sanskritisation pattern. ..."
648:
590:
795:
1500:International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
1419:. Bombay, IN: Asia Publishing House. p. 48.
1247:"Other sources: the process of "Sanskritization""
884:
861:
619:
3278:
835:. Columbia University Press. pp. 210–211.
1302:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
963:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197,199.
576:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
2384:
1613:
1328:. In Berger, Peter; Heidemann, Frank (eds.).
1245:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.).
1205:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.).
1517:History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre
406:non-sanskritic rites without replacing them.
267:Sanskritisation is often aimed to claim the
51:or upper castes. It is a process similar to
2400:Sangh Parivar (RSS Family of Organisations)
2629:Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation
2391:
2377:
1620:
1606:
1513:
1033:
924:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
897:. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 196.
801:
1627:
1368:
1346:
1295:
1135:
956:
890:
828:
730:
642:
493:
229:
2732:Central Hindu Military Education Society
1414:
1405:
1175:
1022:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica n.d
989:"Patrons and Politics in Northern India"
702:
690:
678:
666:
558:Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica n.d
527:
523:
501:
251:Virginius Xaxa notes that sometimes the
118:generally, adheres to varrṇāśrama-dharma
70:, or aligned to and absorbed within the
16:Upward social mobility movement in India
1455:Caste in Modern India; and other essays
1417:Caste in Modern India, and other essays
1415:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1962).
1323:
1084:
917:
113:In a broader sense, Sanskritisation is
3279:
2638:Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana
1493:
1461:
1410:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
1372:Indian Society and Social Institutions
1045:
630:
504:was to introduce 40 years later."
454:List of Sanskrit universities in India
343:caste in achieving advancement within
255:also use the term Kshatriyisation and
2372:
1601:
1520:. Abhinav Publications. p. 290.
1482:
1396:
1286:
1163:
1147:
1061:Religion, Caste and Politics in India
983:
977:
865:Pastoralists and nomads in South Asia
654:
613:
601:
401:has critiqued the theory as follows:
306:Another example in North India is of
2633:Vivekananda International Foundation
1486:Social Laws: An outline of sociology
1109:). Cambridge University Press: 124.
742:
569:
184:first propounded this theory in his
76:resulting in the pan-Indian religion
1514:Varadpande, Manohar Laxman (1987).
1498:, in William A. Darity, Jr. (ed.),
13:
3191:Indian influence on Southeast Asia
2535:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
2449:Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
1551:
802:Mandelbaum, David Goodman (1970).
449:Kshatriyas and would-be Kshatriyas
14:
3318:
2603:India Development and Relief Fund
1542:
1536:
1401:. Jaipur, IN: Rawat Publications.
1354:. London, UK: C. Hurst & Co.
1178:Contributions to Indian Sociology
776:Contributions to Indian sociology
3245:Unity of Indian-origin religions
2844:(Deputy Prime Minister of India)
868:. O. Harrassowitz. p. 218.
417:
101:a low or middle Hindu caste, or
2659:Sabarimala Ayyappa Seva Samajam
1090:
1051:
950:
911:
736:
696:
487:
331:An unsuccessful example is the
210:middle regions of the hierarchy
2545:National Hindu Students' Forum
1468:. Cambridge University Press.
957:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
891:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
829:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003).
607:
563:
517:
351:has not aided their ambition.
176:
1:
1099:European Journal of Sociology
1064:. Primus Books. p. 431.
1058:Christophe Jaffrelot (2010).
746:Economic and Political Weekly
511:
324:One more example is of Hindu
294:and various communities like
285:, Goala etc. who adopted the
259:in place of Sanskritisation.
85:
3218:Equality without appeasement
2512:Strata and trade-based wings
2202:Romanisation of the writings
1291:, Cambridge University Press
393:
7:
2598:Bharat Lok Shiksha Parishad
2421:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
2321:Forced religious conversion
1289:An Introduction to Hinduism
779:. Mouton. pp. 319–351.
410:
262:
10:
3323:
2790:Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras
2593:Friends of Tribals Society
1332:. Routledge. p. 128.
1190:10.1177/006996679803200216
1156:
21:Sanskritisation (language)
18:
3146:
3076:
3003:
2996:
2961:
2890:
2877:Balkrishna Shivram Moonje
2869:
2862:(Vice President of India)
2850:(Prime Minister of India)
2838:(Prime Minister of India)
2828:
2821:
2810:(1925–1930 and 1931–1940)
2770:
2753:
2744:
2714:
2688:
2667:
2646:
2611:
2553:
2511:
2458:
2429:
2413:
2406:
2288:
2279:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
2221:
2189:
2164:Assimilation by religions
2163:
1635:
1530:– via Google Books.
1494:Turner, Bryan S. (2008),
1478:– via Google Books.
1342:– via Google Books.
1319:– via Google Books.
1296:Guneratne, Arjun (2002).
1115:10.1017/S000397560000223X
2938:Ramchandra Das Paramhans
2882:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2802:Laxman Vasudev Paranjape
2554:NGOs and social welfare:
2190:Assimilation by writings
1462:Talbot, Cynthia (2015).
1397:Singh, Yogendra (1994).
1169:Fatalism and Development
1107:Permanent non–Revolution
480:
3228:Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava
3031:Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti
2913:Chinmayananda Saraswati
2621:India Policy Foundation
2540:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
2530:Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
2459:Religion-specific wings
1483:Tarde, Gabriel (1899).
1439:. New Delhi, IN: Sage.
1406:Srinivas, M.N. (1952).
1252:Encyclopædia Britannica
1211:Encyclopædia Britannica
704:Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji
3307:Hinduism and evolution
2923:Prabhakar Balwant Dani
2689:News and communication
2625:Swadeshi Jagaran Manch
2588:Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram
2483:Muslim Rashtriya Manch
2437:Bharatiya Janata Party
2301:Cultural globalisation
1369:Jayapalan, N. (2001).
1287:Flood, Gavin (2013) ,
408:
366:, and western India's
219:
123:
111:
97:as a process by which
3292:Cultural assimilation
3287:Caste system in India
3233:Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
2612:Think tank affiliates
2583:Bharat Vikas Parishad
2525:Rashtra Sevika Samiti
2520:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh
2493:Hindu Jagarana Vedike
2488:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat
2466:Vishva Hindu Parishad
1629:Cultural assimilation
1348:Jaffrelot, Christophe
1324:Ikegame, Aya (2013).
1171:. Oxford India Press.
985:Bayly, Christopher A.
403:
206:
132:Brahmanical tradition
115:
99:
47:and practices of the
3223:Anti-minoritarianism
3134:Swaraj Prakash Gupta
2979:Madhukar Rao Bhagwat
2856:(President of India)
2836:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2706:Vishwa Samvad Kendra
2654:Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas
2498:Dharm Jagaran Samiti
2443:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
2338:Internal colonialism
2306:Cultural imperialism
1982:Northern Afghanistan
918:Prakash, Om (2000).
539:Srinivas et al. 1996
500:process – that M.N.
72:Brahmanical religion
3240:Dharma-Dhamma unity
2974:K. N. Govindacharya
2822:Other Major figures
2343:Jewish assimilation
2316:Forced assimilation
1849:or Castilianisation
459:Panini (grammarian)
439:Battle for Sanskrit
333:Vishwakarma caste's
242:Himalayan Gazetteer
204:. Srinivas writes:
2842:Lal Krishna Advani
2578:Vivekananda Kendra
2503:Hindu Rashtra Sena
1962:Montenegrinisation
1271:has generic name (
1229:has generic name (
1165:Bista, Dor Bahadur
358:, central India's
3274:
3273:
3213:Integral humanism
3164:Hindu nationalism
3154:Cultural Hinduism
3142:
3141:
2992:
2991:
2891:Senior affiliates
2817:
2816:
2740:
2739:
2722:Samskrita Bharati
2366:
2365:
2333:Identity politics
2296:Cultural genocide
2217:
2216:
1947:Macedonianisation
1579:cite encyclopedia
1561:Laurasian Academy
1527:978-81-7017-430-1
1496:"Sanskritization"
1382:978-81-7156-925-0
1361:978-1-85065-449-0
1278:CS1 maint: year (
1261:cite encyclopedia
1236:CS1 maint: year (
1219:cite encyclopedia
1008:978-0-52109-811-3
970:978-1-85065-670-8
904:978-1-85065-670-8
842:978-0-231-12786-8
815:978-0-520-01623-1
570:Baru, S. (2021).
319:twice-born castes
3314:
3066:Suresh Chavhanke
3036:François Gautier
3001:
3000:
2870:Freedom fighters
2826:
2825:
2751:
2750:
2680:Hindu Aikya Vedi
2647:Project specific
2618:India Foundation
2411:
2410:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2311:Dominant culture
2289:Related concepts
2251:De-russification
2239:De-stalinisation
2234:De-communisation
2171:Christianisation
2161:
2160:
2013:or Latinisation
1967:Norwegianisation
1943:or Hungarisation
1917:
1758:Colombianisation
1660:Native Americans
1622:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1564:
1558:
1552:Witzel, Micael.
1548:
1543:Lubin, Timothy.
1531:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1490:
1479:
1458:
1450:
1428:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1365:
1343:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1241:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1201:
1172:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1055:
1049:
1048:, p. 33–35.
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1012:
981:
975:
974:
954:
948:
947:
915:
909:
908:
888:
882:
879:
859:
853:
846:
826:
820:
819:
805:Society in India
799:
793:
780:
769:
763:
762:
740:
734:
728:
722:
721:
713:Indian Antiquary
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
617:
611:
605:
599:
588:
587:
567:
561:
555:
542:
536:
530:
521:
505:
491:
469:Sanskrit studies
427:
422:
421:
420:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3206:Sanskritisation
3138:
3072:
2988:
2969:Giriraj Kishore
2957:
2928:Praveen Togadia
2886:
2865:
2854:Ram Nath Kovind
2813:
2796:M. S. Golwalkar
2778:K. S. Sudarshan
2766:
2746:Sarsanghchalaks
2736:
2710:
2684:
2668:Region specific
2663:
2642:
2607:
2549:
2507:
2454:
2430:Political party
2425:
2402:
2397:
2367:
2362:
2358:Monoculturalism
2284:
2273:De-sinicisation
2246:De-nazification
2222:Opposite trends
2213:
2185:
2159:
2041:Sanskritisation
2006:Romanianisation
1972:Pakistanisation
1911:
1847:Hispanicisation
1837:Hawaiianisation
1793:Europeanisation
1788:Estonianisation
1743:Canadianisation
1650:Americanisation
1631:
1626:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1556:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1505:
1503:
1476:
1453:
1447:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1362:
1340:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1034:Varadpande 1987
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:
982:
978:
971:
955:
951:
916:
912:
905:
889:
885:
876:
860:
856:
843:
827:
823:
816:
800:
796:
770:
766:
741:
737:
729:
725:
701:
697:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
620:
612:
608:
600:
591:
584:
568:
564:
556:
545:
537:
533:
522:
518:
514:
509:
508:
498:sanskritization
492:
488:
483:
478:
464:Sanskrit cinema
425:Hinduism portal
423:
418:
416:
413:
396:
349:left-hand caste
265:
253:anthropologists
223:Sanskritisation
198:Kodava (Coorgs)
179:
130:, in which the
128:Hindu synthesis
95:Sanskritisation
88:
49:dominant castes
33:Sanskritization
29:Sanskritisation
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:Rajiv Malhotra
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3007:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2984:Swami Karpatri
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2953:Sambhaji Bhide
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2903:Babasaheb Apte
2900:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2860:Venkaiah Naidu
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2808:K. B. Hedgewar
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2784:Rajendra Singh
2781:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:(2009–present)
2757:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:Kreeda Bharati
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2566:Ekal Vidyalaya
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2518:Farmers wing:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2439:(1980-present)
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Language shift
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2229:De-arabisation
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2155:Zairianisation
2152:
2147:
2145:Westernisation
2142:
2140:Vietnamisation
2137:
2132:
2127:
2125:Turkmenisation
2122:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Talibanisation
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2048:
2046:Serbianisation
2043:
2038:
2036:Saffronisation
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1989:Persianisation
1986:
1985:
1984:
1977:Pashtunisation
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:Lithuanisation
1933:
1931:Latvianization
1928:
1923:
1918:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1897:Japanification
1889:
1887:Italianisation
1884:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1867:
1865:Indigenisation
1862:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Georgification
1824:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1798:Westernisation
1790:
1785:
1783:Dutchification
1780:
1775:
1773:Cypriotisation
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Bosniakisation
1730:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:Belarusisation
1706:
1704:Araucanisation
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1640:Africanisation
1636:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1587:|website=
1565:
1549:
1545:"Bibliography"
1538:
1537:External links
1535:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1511:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1433:Srinivas, M.N.
1429:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1344:
1338:
1321:
1308:
1293:
1284:
1242:
1202:
1173:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1136:Guneratne 2002
1128:
1089:
1087:, p. 128.
1077:
1070:
1050:
1038:
1036:, p. 290.
1026:
1014:
1007:
976:
969:
949:
910:
903:
883:
874:
854:
841:
821:
814:
794:
764:
735:
731:Jaffrelot 2005
723:
695:
683:
671:
659:
657:, p. 128.
647:
645:, p. 428.
643:Jayapalan 2001
635:
618:
606:
604:, p. 148.
589:
582:
562:
543:
531:
515:
513:
510:
507:
506:
494:Jaffrelot 2005
485:
484:
482:
479:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
429:
428:
412:
409:
399:Yogendra Singh
395:
392:
264:
261:
238:E. T. Atkinson
230:Jaffrelot 2005
194:ethnographical
178:
175:
87:
84:
61:M. N. Srinivas
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Social change
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Indianisation
3184:
3182:
3181:Akhand Bharat
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:Greater India
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Sita Ram Goel
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:N. S. Rajaram
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Balraj Madhok
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:Michel Danino
3044:
3042:
3041:Koenraad Elst
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:D. P. Agrawal
3024:
3022:
3021:David Frawley
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Eknath Ranade
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Bal Thackeray
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Ashok Singhal
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:Narendra Modi
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:Head of state
2827:
2824:
2820:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2761:Mohan Bhagwat
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2675:Hindu Munnani
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:Vidya Bharati
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:Organisations
2405:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Globalisation
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Korenizatsiia
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:Cyrillisation
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Ukrainisation
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:Turkification
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Taiwanisation
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Swedification
2086:
2084:
2083:Swahilisation
2081:
2079:
2078:Sovietisation
2076:
2074:
2073:Slovakisation
2071:
2069:
2068:Slavicisation
2066:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Sinhalisation
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:Russification
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Mongolisation
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:Magyarisation
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:Kurdification
1924:
1922:
1921:Koreanisation
1919:
1915:
1910:
1909:Kazakhisation
1907:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:Israelisation
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:Indianisation
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Hellenisation
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Germanisation
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Gaelicisation
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
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1805:Finnicisation
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1753:Chilenisation
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1748:Celticisation
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1738:Bulgarisation
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739:
733:, p. 33.
732:
727:
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706:(May 1917) .
705:
699:
693:, p. 32.
692:
691:Srinivas 1952
687:
680:
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675:
669:, p. 48.
668:
667:Srinivas 1962
663:
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228:According to
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3205:
3099:K. D. Sethna
3094:Girilal Jain
3016:Arun Shourie
3011:Bibliography
2948:Suresh Joshi
2573:Seva Bharati
2476:Durga Vahini
2277:
2261:Latinisation
2207:Soviet Union
2181:Islamisation
2150:Wolofisation
2135:Uzbekisation
2108:Thaification
2103:Tamilisation
2056:Sinicisation
2040:
2011:Romanisation
2001:Polonisation
1952:Malayisation
1904:Javanisation
1892:Japanisation
1870:Indonesation
1810:Francisation
1778:Czechisation
1768:Croatisation
1763:Creolisation
1645:Albanisation
1569:
1560:
1516:
1504:, retrieved
1499:
1485:
1464:
1454:
1436:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1371:
1351:
1329:
1313:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
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1210:
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1177:
1168:
1143:
1131:
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1102:
1098:
1092:
1085:Ikegame 2013
1080:
1060:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
993:
979:
959:
952:
927:
923:
913:
893:
886:
864:
857:
849:
831:
824:
804:
797:
787:
783:
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758:
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738:
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717:
711:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
609:
572:
565:
534:
519:
497:
489:
444:Islamization
404:
397:
388:Tharu people
353:
330:
323:
316:
305:
268:
266:
250:
246:Alfred Lyall
241:
227:
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213:
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168:
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157:
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100:
94:
89:
65:
57:sociological
32:
28:
27:
25:
3159:Bharat Mata
3119:Rajiv Dixit
3114:Raj Krishna
3061:Subhash Kak
2804:(1930–1931)
2798:(1940–1973)
2792:(1973–1994)
2786:(1994–2000)
2780:(2000–2009)
2471:Bajrang Dal
2451:(1948-1971)
2445:(1951-1977)
2353:Melting pot
2176:Judaisation
1912: [
1677:Arabisation
1570:Marxization
1269:|last=
1227:|last=
1046:Talbot 2015
930:: 954–957.
631:Turner 2008
177:Development
68:syncretised
3281:Categories
3196:Indosphere
3147:Philosophy
3124:Ram Swarup
2943:S. S. Apte
2933:Ram Madhav
2701:Panchjanya
2414:Foundation
2118:placenames
1858:placenames
1726:placenames
1655:immigrants
1388:17 January
1309:0801487285
1184:(2): 527.
1148:Singh 1994
655:Flood 2013
614:Flood 2013
602:Flood 2013
512:References
188:thesis at
107:twice-born
86:Definition
3104:K. S. Lal
3089:Dharampal
3056:Ram Gopal
2962:Activists
2696:Organiser
1994:societies
1682:Armenians
1589:ignored (
1198:143948468
936:2249-1937
526:, citing
394:Reception
345:Karnataka
312:Kshatriya
202:Karnataka
53:"passing"
3297:Sanskrit
3254:Buddhism
3249:Hinduism
3169:Hindutva
1815:Brussels
1350:(2005).
1315:11 April
1207:"Rajput"
1167:(1999).
1123:23998568
987:(1973).
944:44148171
411:See also
341:Lingayat
263:Examples
234:Ambedkar
182:Srinivas
93:defined
91:Srinivas
80:Hinduism
3264:Sikhism
3259:Jainism
3201:Mandala
3004:Present
2997:Authors
2754:Present
2266:Ukraine
2029:Finland
1687:Berbers
1425:5206379
1157:Sources
755:4408077
474:Shiksha
356:Pahadis
240:in his
186:D.Phil.
164:samsara
45:rituals
2715:Others
1692:Blacks
1524:
1506:9 July
1472:
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1379:
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1121:
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386:, and
374:among
364:Oraons
308:Rajput
300:Kalwar
190:Oxford
170:moksha
167:, and
146:dharma
103:tribal
41:tribes
37:castes
2061:Tibet
2017:names
1916:]
1880:names
1665:names
1557:(PDF)
1194:S2CID
1119:JSTOR
940:JSTOR
850:varna
789:begar
751:JSTOR
481:Notes
384:Newar
380:Magar
372:Nepal
368:Bhils
360:Gonds
296:Koeri
292:Kurmi
287:Yadav
270:Varna
140:Karma
3077:Past
2771:Past
1714:soft
1697:Jews
1591:help
1522:ISBN
1508:2021
1470:ISBN
1441:ISBN
1421:OCLC
1390:2013
1377:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1317:2011
1304:ISBN
1280:link
1273:help
1238:link
1231:help
1105:(1,
1066:ISBN
1003:ISBN
965:ISBN
932:ISSN
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810:ISBN
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376:Khas
362:and
283:Ahar
279:Gopa
275:Ahir
244:and
158:maya
152:papa
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