Saraswati - Knowledge

2721: 1156: 2380: 1063: 1511: 2537: 1422: 1172:, Sarasvati is primarily depicted as a river goddess, embodying fertility and purity, and is revered as the personification of the Sarasvati River. Her role as the nurturing, life-giving force of the river is celebrated in hymns, where she is described as "the best of mothers, of rivers, and of goddesses." A Rigvedic prayer also describes her as 'the best of mothers, of rivers and of goddesses'. However, as Sarasvati’s association with knowledge, speech, and culture grew in prominence through the later Hindu texts, her direct connection with the physical river diminished. Despite this, the Puranas sustain Sarasvati's riverine character by incorporating new narratives that preserve her role as a cosmic river in addition to her expanded identity. 1654: 6942: 2222: 1529: 1138:. In the midst of a conversation, Sarasvati observed that Ganga playfully kept glancing at Vishnu, behind Lakshmi and her back. Frustrated, Sarasvati launched a furious tirade against Ganga, accusing her of stealing Vishnu's love away from her. When Ganga appealed to her husband to help her, he opted to remain neutral, not wishing to participate in a quarrel between his three wives, whom he loved equally. When Lakshmi attempted to soothe Sarasvati's anger by reasoning with her, the jealous goddess grew angry with her as well, accusing her of disloyalty towards her. She cursed Lakshmi to be born as the 8085: 996: 2310: 2171:. On this day, Goddess Sarasvati is worshipped in schools, colleges, educational institutes as well as in institutes associated with music and dance. Cultural programmes are also organised in schools and institutes on this day. People especially students worship Goddess Sarasvati also in pandals (a tent made up of colourful clothes, decorated with lights and other decorative items). In these states, on the occasion of Sarasvati Puja, Goddess Sarasvati is worshipped in the form of idol, made up of soil. On Sarasvati Puja, the idol is worshipped by people and 2827: 1520: 1538: 1547: 987:, performed a penance in order to propitiate Brahma, the creator deity offered each a boon. The devas pleaded with Brahma to not grant Kumbhakarna his boon. Brahma called upon his consort Sarasvati, and instructed her to utter that which the devas desired. She acquiesced, and when the rakshasa spoke to invoke his boon, she entered his mouth, causing him to say, "To sleep for innumerable years, O Lord of Lords, this is my desire!". She then left his form, causing him to reflect upon his misfortune. 1607:, the hamsa is a sacred bird, which if offered a mixture of milk and water, is said to have a unique ability to separate and drink the milk alone, and leave the water behind. This characteristic of the bird serves as a metaphor for the pursuit of wisdom amidst the complexities of life, the ability to discriminate between good and evil, truth from untruth, essence from the outward show, and the eternal from the evanescent. Due to her association with the swan, Sarasvati is also referred to as 1945: 2116: 1556: 9675: 1433: 9391: 1956: 6785: 9401: 9380: 6494: 2486:

compared to a lion. The text also states that is some recites these praises, "one obtains all desires, wealth and grain, and one gains splendid, noble success." The poem describes Sarasvati as one who "has sovereignty in the world", and states that she fights in battlefields and is always victorious. The hymn then describes Sarasvati's warlike eight-armed form. She carries eight weapons in each hand – a bow, arrow, sword, spear, axe,

3029: 7831: 7450: 6797: 9411: 6773: 7823: 3234: 79: 2398:), Sarasvati appears and pays homage to the Buddha. As Shaw writes, she then "promises that she will grace the preachers of the scripture with eloquence, oratorical power, perfect memory, inconceivable knowledge, penetrating wisdom, illumination, skill in liberating others, scholarly expertise in every field, proficiency in all the arts, merit, prosperity, and long life." 1865: 1271: 2410:(the translation by Dharmaksema) actually only includes the first depiction. The early Chinese Buddhist translators chose to translate her name as "great eloquence deity" (大辯天) the later translations by Yijing use "Eloquence Talent Goddess" (Biancai tiannu), though phonetic translations were also applied (e.g. Yijing's "mohetipi suoluosuobodi"). 1195:. When they sought the return of these weapons, the sage informed them that he had imbibed all of their power with his penance, and offered his own bones instead, which could serve as the source of new weapons. Despite the objections of the deities, the sage sacrificed himself, and his bones were employed in the manufacture of new arms by 936:, "Sarasvati appears above all as a sacred river, along which pilgrimages are made. She is also represented as goddess of speech and knowledge." She is called "the best of rivers and greatest of streams", and with calm and tranquil waters, in contrast to the mighty torrential Vedic Sarasvati. Her banks are filled with priests and sages ( 2095:(Placing for Worship). It consists of placing the books for puja on the Ashtami day. It may be in one's own house, in the local nursery school run by traditional teachers, or in the local temple. The books are taken out for reading, after worship, only on the morning of the third day (Vijaya Dashami). It is called 1478:, which symbolizes light, knowledge and truth. She not only embodies knowledge but also the experience of the highest reality. Her iconography is typically in white themes from dress to flowers to swan – the colour symbolizing Sattwa Guna or purity, discrimination for true knowledge, insight and wisdom. 2591:), Vajraśāradā Sarasvatī (who has three eyes, sits on a white lotus, her head is decorated by a crescent and holds a book and a lotus), Vajrasarasvatī (has six hands and three heads with brown hair rising upwards), and Āryasarasvatī (sixteen-year-old girl carrying the Prajñapramita sutra and a lotus). 2749:

where she is portrayed as having eight arms, one holding a bow, one holding arrows, one holding a knife, one holding a lance, one holding an axe, one holding a pestle, one holding an iron wheel, and one holding ropes. In another popular Buddhist iconographic form, she is portrayed as sitting down and

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in her right hand, and carries in the left the white lotus with its stem. She has a smiling countenance, is extremely compassionate, wears garments decorated with white sandal-flowers. Her bosom is decorated with the pearl-necklace, and she is decked in many ornaments; she appears a maiden of twelve

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s Sarasvati chapter, she is praised as a protector goddess by the Brahman Kaundinya. This section also teaches a dharani and a ritual to invoke the goddess and receive her blessings in order to obtain knowledge. In latter sections of Kaundinya's praise, she is described as an eight armed goddess and

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presents three main aspects of the goddess. First, it presents her as a goddess of eloquence and speech, then it presents her as a healing goddess who teaches a ritual which includes a medicinal bath, finally it presents Sarasvati as a goddess of protection and war. Ludvik mentions that the earliest

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a white, two-armed epiphany in which she plays her supernal lute, or vina. The instrument is made of lapis lazuli and has a thousand strings capable of eliciting every musical note. Sarasvati's melodies pervade the universe and delight all types of beings in accordance with whatever is most pleasing

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convinced Vadava that his best course of action would be to swallow the devas one by one, and that he should begin by consuming the primordial water of creation, which was the foremost of both the devas and the asuras. Vadava wished to be accompanied to the source of these waters by a virgin, and so

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Sarasvati is also revered in Jainism as the goddess of knowledge and is regarded as the source of all learning. She is known as Srutadevata, Sarada, and Vagisvari. Sarasvati is depicted in a standing posture with four arms, one holding a text, another holding a rosary and the remaining two holding

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is often concerned with the protection of the state, it is not surprising that the fierce, weapon-wielding Durga, who was widely worshiped by rulers and warriors alike for success in battle, provides the model for the appearance assumed by Sarasvati, characterized as a protectress of the Buddhist

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Shaw lists various epithets for Sarasvati used by Buddhist source including: "Emanation of Vishnu," "Gandharva Maiden," "Swan Child," "Daughter of Brahma", "Lady of the Lake", "Sister of the Moon", "Goddess of Speech", "Divine Lady Who Empowers Enlightened Speech", "Goddess Rich with the Power of

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then describes how Brahma begins to desire her intensely and cannot stop looking at her. Noticing his amorous glances, she begins circumambulating him. Not wishing to keep turning his face to see her, Brahma produced faces on the sides and back of his head. Sarasvati then leapt into the sky and a

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7.95.5, while in 6:49:7 cd she is said to provide "protection which is difficult to assail." In some passages she even takes a fiercesome appearance and is called a "slayer of strangers" who is called on to "guard her devotees against slander". Her association with the combative storm gods

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believe the shrine to be the abode of the goddess. In line with the Kashmiri Pandit belief that springs which are the abode of goddesses should not be looked at directly, the shrine contains a stone slab concealing the spring underneath, which they believe to be the spring in which the goddess

462:(the fifth day of spring, and also known as Sarasvati Puja and Sarasvati Jayanti in many regions of India), when students honor her as the patron goddess of knowledge and education. Traditionally, the day is marked by helping young children learn how to write the letters of the alphabet. 1146:

against Ganga, informing her that sinful men would cleanse themselves of their sins with her water. As a result, Vishnu proclaimed that one part of Sarasvati would remain with him, that another would exist as a river on earth, and that another would later become the spouse of Brahma.

552:(power of Brahma), Brahmi (goddess of sciences), Bharadi (goddess of history), Vani and Vachi (both referring to the flow of music/song, melodious speech, eloquent speaking respectively), Varnesvari (goddess of letters), Kavijihvagravasini (one who dwells on the tongue of poets). 2350:

Adamantine Speech", "Bestower of Understanding", "Goddess of Knowledge", and "Wisdom Goddess." According to Shaw, Buddhist depictions of Sarasvati are influenced by Hindu ones. A popular depiction is called "Lady of the Adamantine Lute" (Vajravina) which is described by Shaw as.

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of Wisdom. Sarasvati is the divine embodiment & bestower of enlightened eloquence & inspiration. For all those engaged in creative endeavours in Tibetan Buddhism she is a patroness of the arts, sciences, music, language, literature, history, poetry & philosophy.

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of crystals, representing the power of meditation, inner reflection, and spirituality. A pot of water represents the purifying power to separate right from wrong, the clean from the unclean, and essence from the inessential. In some texts, the pot of water is symbolism for

536:(speech) that purifies", to "knowledge that purifies", and ultimately into a spiritual concept of a goddess that embodies knowledge, arts, music, melody, muse, language, rhetoric, eloquence, creative work and anything whose flow purifies the essence and self of a person. 3510: 497:(वती), meaning "she who possesses". Originally associated with the river or rivers known as Sarasvati, this combination, therefore, means "she who has ponds, lakes, and pooling water" or occasionally "she who possesses speech". It is also a Sanskrit composite word of 2187:), pieces of carrot, peas and Indian plum (ber). On the next day or any day depending on religious condition, the idol is immersed in a pond (known as Murti Visarjan or Pratima Visarjan) after performing a Havana (immolation), with full joy and fun, playing with 1163:

curator's summary states, "Sarasvati, the goddess of learning and knowledge, is seated on the banks of a river. Her feet rest on a lotus flower, a palm leaf manuscript to represent the vedas is next to her and she holds a vina. Her mount, a swan, is positioned

2368:(of which there are different versions / translations). This text is first attested in a Chinese translation in 417 CE and includes an entire chapter devoted to the goddess, which is our best source for the earliest Buddhist depictions of Sarasvati. 2340:

Sarasvati's association with the intellectual sphere assured that she would find favor among Buddhists, who highly value wisdom and its servants: mental clarity, reasoning ability, memorization, and oratorical skill. Sarasvati thus has an affinity with

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Sarasvati is an important goddess in Balinese Hinduism. She shares the same attributes and iconography as Sarasvati in Hindu literature of India – in both places, she is the goddess of knowledge, creative arts, wisdom, language, learning and purity. In

1834:. Nila Sarasvati is not much a different deity from traditional Sarasvati, who subsumes her knowledge and creative energy in tantric literature. Though the traditional form of Sarasvati is of calm, compassionate, and peaceful one: Nila Sarasvati is the 420:) or consort. In this role, she represents the creative force of sound, giving reality a unique and distinctly human quality. She becomes linked with the dimension of reality characterized by clarity and intellectual order. Within the goddess oriented 2708:, where she is a popular deity, especially for students. She is celebrated in an annual festival called Vasant Pañcami and children first learn the alphabet during a Sarasvati ritual. In Nepalese Buddhism, her worship is often combined with that of 1031:. Other Puranas give her slightly different roles and see her as the consort of other gods, such as Vishnu. In various Puranas, rites for her worship are given, and she is mainly worshiped for her command over speech, knowledge, and music. 2536: 2254:, a day of cleansing. On this day, Hindus of Bali go to the sea, sacred waterfalls or river spots, offer prayers to Sarasvati, and then rinse themselves in that water in the morning. Then they prepare a feast, such as the traditional 1203:, upon hearing these events, sought to wreak his vengeance on the devas by performing a penance. A mare emerged from his right thigh, which in turn gave birth to a fiery man, Vadava, who threatened to be the doom of all of creation. 940:) who practice asceticism and sacrifices on her banks. There are numerous depictions of people making pilgrimages to the river to perform sacrifices and bathe in her waters and she often appears in her human form to great seers like 2734:

Veneration of Sarasvati migrated from the Indian subcontinent to China with the spread of Buddhism, where she in known as Biàncáitiān (辯才天), meaning "Eloquent Devī", as well as Miàoyīntiān (妙音天), meaning "Devī of Wonderful Sounds".

741:. Sarawsati holds significant religious and symbolic value in the Rigveda, as a deified entity embodying attributes of abundance and power. Primarily linked with the celestial domain of Waters (Apas) and the formidable Storm Gods ( 404:, and eventually, the two merge into the singular goddess known in later tradition. Over time, her connection to the river diminishes, while her association with speech, poetry, music, and culture becomes more prominent. In 2239:, is devoted to Sarasvati, goddess of learning. Although it is devoted to books, reading is not allowed. The fourth day of the year is called Pagerwesi, meaning "iron fence". It commemorates a battle between good and evil. 2528:, it is said that she destroys the enemies of the gods, the asuras. Admittedly, later sources seem to omit or downplay that aspect of her powers, but this does not mean that its importance in religious practice was lost." 1809:), or nine forms of Shakti, namely Brahmi, Vaishnavi, Maheshwari, Kaumari, Varahi, Narsimhi, Aindri, Shivdooti, and Chamunda, revered as powerful and dangerous goddesses in eastern India. They have special significance on 863:. She is the very instrument by which he created the world, flowing forth from him "like a continuous stream of water" according to the scripture. This is the basis for the Puranic stories about the relationship between 5098: 1373:, a deity considered to be the "Tantric Sarasvati". Mātaṅgī retains many attributes of Sarasvati, like music and learning, but is also associated with defeating enemies, disease, pollution/impurity, and outcasts ( 439:

She is portrayed as a serene woman with a radiant white complexion, dressed in white attire. She has four arms, each holding a symbolic object: a book, a rosary, a water pot, and a musical instrument known as the

1262:. Sarasvati continued her journey towards the ocean, and stopped once at Pushkarini, where she redeemed humans from their sins. At last, she reached the end of her journey, and immersed the fire into the ocean. 1007:, where she appears in various myths and stories. Many Puranas relate the myth of her creation by the creator god Brahma and then describe how she became his consort. Sources which describe this myth include 2284:

from the 7th century onwards, and she is praised by Khmer poets for being the goddess of eloquence, writing, and music. More offerings were made to her than to her husband Brahma. She is also referred to as

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Her dhyana mantra describes her to be as white as the moon, clad in a white dress, bedecked in white ornaments, radiating with beauty, holding a book and a pen in her hands (the book represents knowledge).

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and to guide them so they will not make mistakes in memorizing them or forget them later. She will also help those who have incomplete manuscripts to regain the lost letters or words. She also teaches a

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She is venerated as MahaSarasvati in the Kashmir Shakti Peetha, as Vidhya Sarasvati in Basara and Vargal, and as Sharadamba in Sringeri. In some regions, she is known by her twin identities, Savitri and

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Book of the epic. Her beauty is also widely commented on by numerous passages and in one passage, the goddess herself states that her knowledge and her beauty arise from gifts made in the sacrifice. The

2563:(a 5th-century collection of ritual texts), Sarasvati is symbolically represented in a way which is similar to Hindu iconography. The description of the deity (here called Mahāsarasvatī) is as follows: 1664:). One of these is shown above. She is in a classical Indian dance posture, and in one of her eight hands she holds a pen, a palm leaf manuscript, a musical instrument and the tools of major arts. The 5120: 1850:. She is worshipped in parts of India as an incarnate or incarnation of Goddess Tara but mostly outside India. She is not only worshipped but also been manifested as a form of Goddess Sarasvati. 5199: 5058:

Goddess Sharda is believed to be the earliest representation of Shakti in the valley, which is embodying three separate manifestations of energ y, i.e. goddess of learning, fine arts and beauty.

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Shakti (wisdom power), having arisen out of Lalita's sugarcane bow. She is celebrated in the holiday Syamala Navaratri and is seen as Lalita's prime minister. There are various chants and odes (

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The Sarasvati Day festival has a long history in Bali. It has become more widespread in Hindu community of Indonesia in recent decades, and it is celebrated with theatre and dance performance.

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plant upon the earth. Ganga, now enraged that Lakshmi had been cursed because she had defended her, cursed Sarasvati that she would be incarnated as a river on earth. Sarasvati issued the same

3014:) is the goddess of speech and learning, and consort of Brahma. Over time, Hindu and Buddhist concepts merged in Thailand. Icons of Sarasvati with other deities of India are found in old Thai 1630:) is shown beside the goddess. The peacock symbolizes colorful splendor, the celebration of dance, and – as the devourer of snakes – the alchemical ability to transmute the serpent poison of 3672: 2524:

argues that the emergence of a martial Sarasvatī may have been influenced by the fact that "Vāc, the Vedic goddess of speech, had already displayed martial characteristics. Already in the

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Wielding in her lotus-hands the bell, trident, ploughshare, conch, pestle, discus, bow, and arrow, her lustre is like that of a moon shining in the autumn sky. She is born from the body of

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visited Sarasvati, requesting her to deposit the fire in the western ocean, in order to protect the universe. Sarasvati told Vishnu that she would only agree to assist them if her consort,

5221: 1323:, the supreme goddess (and the highest deity out of which all deities, male or female, are born), which is also known by other names like Adi Parashakti ("Primordial Supreme Power"). 2324:, Sarasvati became a prominent deity which retained many of her Vedic associations, such as speech, texts, knowledge, healing and protection. She also became known as the consort of 1212:, the god of the ocean, who then consumed the being. For good measure, Sarasvati transformed into a divine river, flowing with five channels into the sea, making the waters sacred. 396:

in Indian tradition. As a deity associated with a river, Sarasvati is revered for her dual abilities to purify and to nurture fertility. In later Vedic literature, particularly the

2720: 1155: 1842:(calm, compassionate, productive) manifestation found in most others. In tantric literature of the former, NilaSarasvati has 100 names. There are separate dhyana shlokas and 759:

The goddess is mentioned in many Rigvedic hymns, and has three hymns dedicated to her (6:61 exclusively, and 7:95-96 which she shares with her male counterpart, Sarasvant). In

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ritual that can combat disease, bad dreams, war, calamities and all sorts of negative things. It includes bathing in a bath with numerous herbs that has been infused with a

5091: 2671:, "goddess of wonderful sounds"). Here, Sarasvati is portrayed with two arms holding a veena and situated between Narayana's consort Narayani and Skanda (shown riding on a 1485:

She is generally shown to have four arms, but sometimes just two. When shown with four hands, those hands symbolically mirror her husband Brahma's four heads, representing

1334:, absolute reality) and the tridevi are her main saguna ("with form", manifest, incarnated) emanations. MahaSarasvati is said to be creative and active principle (which is 9440: 2379: 2107:. The child is often ritually taught to write for the first time on rice spread in a plate with their index finger, guided by an elder of the family, or by a teacher. 962:

also describes her as the daughter of the creator god Brahma. Later she is described as the celestial creative symphony who appeared when Brahma created the universe.

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One of the most famous festivals associated with Goddess Sarasvati is the Hindu festival of Vasant Panchami. Celebrated on the 5th day in the Hindu calendar month of

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Other names include: Ambika, Bharati, Chandrika, Devi, Gomati, Hamsasana, Saudamini, Shvetambara, Subhadra, Vaishnavi, Vasudha, Vidya, Vidyarupa, and Vindhyavasini.

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years, and her bosom is uneven with half-developed breasts like flower-buds; she illumines the three worlds with the immeasurable light that radiates from her body.

1901:. It advanced the importance of knowledge and education in Kashmiri Pandit culture, which persisted well after Kashmiri Pandits became a minority group in Kashmir. 1094:

fifth face emerged from Brahma, looking upwards. Unable to escape, Sarasvati marries him and they make love for one hundred years. Brahma felt shame and due to his

3654: 1692:. Sarasvati is not just the goddess of knowledge and wisdom, but also the Brahmavidya herself, the goddess of the wisdom of ultimate truth. Her Mahavidya form is 5661:. BDK English Tripiṭaka Series. Translated by Rolf W. Giebel. Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai; Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. 2005. pp. 33, 141. 2247:, she is celebrated on Sarasvati day, one of the main festivals for Hindus in Indonesia. The day marks the close of 210 day year in the Pawukon calendar. 845:

Sarasvati-Vac's role expands, becoming clearly identified with knowledge (which is what is communicated through speech) and as such, she is "the mother of the

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also commonly presents her as a goddess of knowledge in her own right and sees Vac as merely a feature of hers. She is called the mother of the Vedas in the

2345:, the goddess of perfect wisdom. They may be in voked by the same mantra, reflecting the kinship between the wisdom goddess and the patroness of learning. 5908: 9982: 2567:

The worshipper should think himself as goddess Mahāsarasvatī, who is resplendent like the autumn moon, rests on the moon over the white lotus, shows the

2031: 5252: 1592:, represents all creative arts and sciences, and her holding it symbolizes expressing knowledge that creates harmony. Sarasvati is also associated with 1062: 3748: 5191: 1872:

The earliest known shrine dedicated to goddess worship in Kashmir is Sharada Peeth (6th–12th centuries CE), dedicated to the goddess Sharada. It is a

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also contain iconographic descriptions of Sarasvati, which provide the basis for her classic four armed form holding a book (representing the Vedas),

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Sarasvati is described as a loud and powerful flood who roars like a bull and cannot be controlled. According to Witzel, she was associated with the

4855: 9957: 9942: 5881: 3676: 4799: 2981:), scholars, students and writers. Students in Myanmar often pray for her blessings before their exams. She is an important deity to the esoteric 2742:, a group of protective deities who are regarded as protectors of the Buddhist dharma. Her Chinese iconography is based on her description in the 9806: 1377:). She is often offered half eaten or leftover food and is green in color. Matangi is also part of the Shakta set of goddesses known as the ten 9967: 5229: 450:(white goose or swan) or a peacock. Hindu temples dedicated to Sarasvati can be found worldwide, with one of the earliest known shrines being 9892: 9887: 9872: 9758: 4425: 3805: 819:

6:49:7c.) if prayed to. Since speech requires inspired thought, she is also inextricably linked with speech and with the goddess of speech,

2143:, Goddess Sarasvati is worshipped on Vasant Panchami, a Hindu festival celebrated every year on the 5th day in the Hindu calendar month of 357:

of knowledge, education, learning, arts, speech, poetry, music, purity, language and culture. She is one of the prominent goddesses in the

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passages, Sarasvati is praised as a mighty and unconquerable protector deity. She is offered praises and compared to a sheltering tree in

823:, as well as with cows and motherhood. Vedic seers compare her to a cow and a mother, and saw themselves as children sucking the milk of 6514: 890:, the snake like demon of drought who blocks rivers and as such is associated with destruction of enemies and removal of obstacles. The 3002: 519:. Sarasvati, then, connotes a river deity. In Book 2, the Rigveda describes Sarasvati as the best of mothers, of rivers, of goddesses. 1421: 811:), it is intuition or intelligence – especially that associated with poetry and religion. Sarasvati is seen as a deity that can grant 10108: 6057: 3636: 2355:

to their ears. She sits with ankles crossed and knees raised in a distinctive posture suitable for balancing a musical instrument.

2011: 4075: 6123: 3065:. Sarasvati is seated on a lotus with the peacock as her vehicle. Sarasvati is also regarded as responsible for dissemination of 2768:, a traditional Japanese lute musical instrument. She is enshrined on numerous locations throughout Japan such as the Kamakura's 2383:

A Japanese depiction of Sarasvati as a protector deity with eight arms holding various weapons (c. 1212), University Art Museum,

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in North Indian style (above), and South Indian style (below). Her temples, like her iconography, often resonate in white themes.

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Sarasvatī, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vīṇā-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma

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On Sarasvati day, people make offerings in the form of flowers in temples and to sacred texts. The day after Sarasvati day, is

1111:(chapter 43). Sarasvati is tasked to reside on tip of the tongue of all beings, a river on the earth and as a part of Brahma. 222: 7812: 7289: 6702: 6608: 6576: 6536: 6461: 6436: 6411: 6384: 6340: 6313: 6285: 6260: 6234: 6150: 6090: 6033: 6006: 5979: 5829: 5742: 5568: 5389: 5361: 5336: 5311: 5283: 5174: 5149: 5051: 5026: 4978: 4953: 4925: 4900: 4838: 4775: 4664: 4634: 4593: 4523: 4435: 4408: 3710: 3558: 3520: 3486: 3415: 2890: 2866: 2754:, a Chinese lute-like instrument. The concept of Sarasvati migrated from India, through China to Japan, where she appears as 1887:: Sharada (goddess of learning), Sarasvati (goddess of knowledge), and Vagdevi (goddess of speech, which articulates power). 1611:, which means "she who has a hamsa as her vehicle". The swan is also a symbolism for spiritual perfection, transcendence and 2762:

of eloquence"). Worship of Benzaiten arrived in Japan during the 6th through 8th centuries. She is often depicted holding a

1239:, told her to do so. Brahma ordered her to deposit the Vadavagni in the western ocean. Sarasvati agreed, and accompanied by 10113: 2442:

goes as far as to claim that Sarasvati can provide the wisdom to understand all the Buddhist teachings and skillful means (

2206:, Sarasvati Puja starts with Sarasvati Avahan on Maha Saptami and ends on Vijayadashami with Sarasvati Udasan or Visarjan. 10123: 6140: 6080: 5855: 3432:"Female Hindu deities – the Tridevi - Nature of Ultimate Reality in Hinduism - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - Edexcel" 2619: 2505:("praise of she who is noble"), a hymn uttered by Vishnu to the goddess Nidra (lit. "Sleep", one of the names applied to 1779: 1775:

Maha Sarasvati is depicted as eight-armed and is often portrayed holding a Veena whilst sitting on a white lotus flower.

1588:– the drink that liberates and leads to knowledge. The most famous feature on Sarasvati is a musical instrument called a 4540: 4398: 4363: 4144: 3658: 1797:

and is the sustaining base of the three worlds. That MahaSarasvati I worship here who destroyed Sumbha and other asuras.

408:, Sarasvati is primarily recognized as the goddess of learning, arts and poetic inspiration, and as the inventor of the 6829: 4624: 3032:

Sarasvati Pata. The painting is divided into nine parts. In three central panels a temple enshrining Sarasvati and her

2314: 770:(water deities), Sarasvati is associated with wealth, abundance, health, purity and healing. In Book 10 (10.17) of the 8476: 2596: 1657:

Dancing Sarasvati with eight-hands (above) is depicted in three panels of the Hoysaleswara temple, Halebid Karnataka (

548:) is known by many names. Some examples of synonyms for Sarasvati include Sharada (bestower of essence or knowledge), 6721: 6683: 6657: 6627: 6555: 6117: 4998: 3936: 3904: 3612: 3391: 3273: 2769: 2678:

Sarasvati was initially depicted as a single goddess without consort. Her association with the bodhisattva of wisdom

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also depicts other forms of Sarasvati, including Vajravīṇā Sarasvatī (similar to Mahāsarasvatī except she carries a

1653: 10088: 7282: 4289: 3151: 3123: 2019: 5070: 3244: 1254:, who had decided to carry Ganga. He gave the Vadavagni in a pot to Sarasvati, and told her to originate from the 9296: 8827: 3343: 894:

sees her as being both the mother of Indra (having granted him rebirth through healing) and also as his consort.

855:

states that "as all waters meet in the ocean...so all sciences (vidya) unite (ekayanam) in Vāc" (14:5:4:11). The

3843: 9414: 9125: 6941: 6330: 5916: 4513: 2739: 6678:. INU societal research: Global communication without universal civilization. Vol. 1. Geneva: INU Press. 6198: 6173: 1838:(angry, violent, destructive) manifestation in one school of Hinduism, while the more common Sarasvati is the 9254: 5260: 4470: 2342: 2213:

government launched and sponsored the annual National Sarasvati Mahotsav in its state named after Sarasvati.

1975: 1596:, the love for and rhythm of music, which represents all emotions and feelings expressed in speech or music. 1388:

Shaktism, where she is also known as the dark blue Shyamala ("dark in complexion") and is a manifestation of

4612:. Hindu FAQS | Get answers for all the questions related to Hinduism, the greatest religion!. 18 March 2015. 1474:

The goddess Sarasvati is often depicted as a beautiful woman dressed in pure white, often seated on a white

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The Indian Buddhist Iconography Mainly Based on the Sādhanamālā and Other Cognate Tāntric Texts of Rituals,

5628:

The Indian Buddhist Iconography Mainly Based on the Sādhanamālā and Other Cognate Tāntric Texts of Rituals,

5524:

Ludvik, Catherine (2004). "A Harivaṃśa Hymn in Yijing's Chinese Translation of the Sutra of Golden Light".

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Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India – Their Religions and Institutions

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According to Catherine Ludvik, Sarasvati's earliest appearance in a Buddhist text is in the 1st century CE

915: 3069:

sermon. The earliest sculpture of Sarasvati in any religious tradition is the Mathura Jain Sarasvati from

2103:

or "Initiation of writing" for children, before they are admitted to nursery schools. This is also called

10133: 10103: 10073: 10068: 9318: 7633: 7227: 6973: 4859: 4081: 3673:"5th Annual A World in Trance Festival Jayanthi Kumaresh: Invoking The Goddess Sarawati | TeRra Magazine" 2712:

and many sites for the worship of Manjusri are also used to worship Sarasvati, including Svayambhu Hill.

2027: 1999: 1330:, this supreme goddess is the primordial creator which is supreme formless (nirguna) consciousness (i.e. 458:. Sarasvati continues to be widely worshipped across India, particularly on her designated festival day, 5890: 9345: 8837: 8414: 7870: 7843: 7222: 6763: 5653: 5584: 4791: 3053: 1974:

There are many Hindu temples dedicated to Sarasvati around the world. Some notable temples include the

1362:

Sarasvati (along with all Hindu goddesses) is also said to be a manifestation of the supreme Mahadevi.

1227:

was born, which threatened to destroy the whole world. In some versions, a sage named Auva created it.

859:

also presents Vāc as a secondary creator deity, having been the first deity created by the creator god

35: 17: 4993:

Glory of the Divine Mother (Devi Mahatmyam) by S.Sankaranarayanan. Prabha Publishers, Chennai. India.(

10128: 10098: 9365: 8291: 7805: 3492: 2147:(about February). Hindus celebrate this festival in temples, homes and educational institutes alike. 1905: 1760:

and MahaSarasvati. This is one of many different Hindu legends that attempt to explain how the Hindu

1635: 1528: 1215:

In the Padma Purana, it is stated that there was a terrible battle between the Bhargavas (a group of

738: 358: 7944: 1579:

representing the universal, divine, eternal, and true knowledge as well as all forms of learning. A

1501:(self consciousness, ego). Brahma represents the abstract, while she represents action and reality. 909:

Om. May we know Sarasvati. May we meditate on the daughter of Brahma. May the Goddess illuminate us.

532:

texts, and the word evolves in its meaning from "waters that purify", to "that which purifies", to "

54:

Goddess of knowledge, education, learning, speech, arts, music, poetry, purity, language and culture

10063: 9159: 8817: 8741: 8447: 8229: 8204: 7753: 7589: 6930: 3478: 3251: 3146: 2647:

as Sarasvati's symbol. The Chinese translation of this sutra renders her name variously as 辯才 (Ch.

1987: 1258:

tree. Sarasvati merged with the tree, and transformed into a river. From there, she flowed towards

1099: 7979: 6374: 6357: 6250: 6224: 879:

called Maruts is related to her fierce fighting aspect and they are said to be her companions (at

10078: 10032: 8995: 8855: 8526: 8066: 8009: 7202: 6750: 6528: 3809: 3550: 2692:

In various Indian tantric sadhanas to Sarasvati (which only survive in Tibetan translation), her

8890: 5141: 5135: 5018: 5012: 9628: 9338: 9291: 8501: 8224: 7158: 6822: 6566: 3335: 3329: 2329: 2221: 1815:

in these regions. All of these are seen ultimately as aspects of a single great Hindu goddess,

780:, her role as a healer and giver of life is also emphasized. In various sources, including the 7790: 6647: 6401: 6023: 5732: 4218: 3789: 2932:

Tibetan Buddhism teaches numerous mantras of Sarasvati. Her seed syllable is often Hrīṃ. In a

9460: 9433: 9360: 9313: 9286: 9249: 8506: 7182: 5996: 4707: 4583: 2882: 2858: 1979: 1351: 1278:

Sarasvati is a key figure in the Indian goddess centered traditions which are today known as

9425: 8822: 3542: 1883:. The goddess Sharada worshipped in Sharada Peeth is a tripartite embodiment of the goddess 504:

The word Sarasvati appears both as a reference to a river and as a significant deity in the

10037: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9244: 8721: 8214: 8199: 7851: 7798: 7760: 7568: 7147: 7132: 6887: 4722: 3431: 1911: 6525:

Singing to the Jinas: Jain Laywomen, Mandal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion

995: 8: 9997: 9603: 9383: 9350: 9229: 9120: 9055: 8905: 8764: 8644: 8516: 8344: 8281: 8234: 7683: 7438: 6849: 5943: 3474: 2954: 851: 799: 9478: 8033: 7893: 6597:

River and Goddess Worship in India: Changing Perceptions and Manifestations of Sarasvati

6454:

River and Goddess Worship in India: changing perceptions and manifestations of sarasvati

6049: 4566: 3640: 2826: 2309: 1519: 745:), this deity forms an integral triadic association alongside the sacrificial goddesses 10058: 9763: 9623: 9530: 9185: 9144: 8436: 8249: 8194: 7245: 5541: 3925: 3543: 2744: 2364: 1919: 1700: 1580: 1343: 1139: 1083: 708:, Sarasvati is invoked to remind the reader to meditate on virtue, and on the meaning ( 559: 393: 8409: 8384: 6107: 4290:"Concerning the Penances practised by Dashagriva and his Brother [Chapter 10]" 1546: 1537: 10093: 9947: 9608: 9400: 9394: 9274: 9264: 9130: 9065: 8458: 8399: 8254: 8244: 7621: 7217: 7212: 7192: 7142: 6983: 6815: 6717: 6698: 6679: 6653: 6623: 6604: 6572: 6551: 6532: 6457: 6432: 6407: 6380: 6336: 6309: 6281: 6256: 6230: 6146: 6113: 6086: 6029: 6002: 5975: 5748: 5738: 5564: 5385: 5357: 5332: 5307: 5279: 5170: 5145: 5047: 5022: 4994: 4974: 4949: 4921: 4896: 4834: 4771: 4683:(1 ed.), p. 217. University of California Press. pp. 161–177. ISBN 978-0-520-06339-6. 4660: 4630: 4589: 4519: 4431: 4404: 3932: 3900: 3706: 3618: 3608: 3554: 3516: 3482: 3411: 3339: 2705: 1914:

fallen right hand. Sharada Peeth is one of the three holiest sites of pilgrimage for

1898: 1297: 1066:

12th-century Brahma and Sarasvati at Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu, Karnataka, India.

1009: 704: 641: 409: 326: 212: 9952: 8865: 7915: 4015: 3988: 2873:), which means '"Goddess of Melodious Voice". She is also called the Tara of Music ( 2607: 2195:. After Pratima Visarjan, members involved in the organisation of puja ceremony eat 835:, Sarasvati is directly identified with Vāc, becoming a deity called Sarasvatī-Vāc. 10027: 10017: 9643: 9613: 9505: 9135: 9045: 8936: 8536: 8531: 8496: 8471: 8357: 8314: 8001: 7861: 7553: 7011: 6226:

The Cave-temples of Po Win Taung, Central Burma: Architecture, Sculpture and Murals

5533: 4826: 3134: 2962: 2838: 2495: 2454: 2236: 1915: 1475: 1123: 1107: 1027: 625: 620: 598: 592: 574: 570:, she is referred to as Nāmagal and is believed to have composed the second verse. 563: 8319: 6676:

Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western

5833: 2921:

tradition known as Magzor Gyalmo (the Queen who Repels Armies). Sarasvati was the

2623:

as one of the divinities of the western quarter of the Outer Vajra section of the

1208:

Sarasvati was dispatched for his purpose, despite her reluctance. She took him to

9987: 9972: 9686: 9535: 9404: 9269: 9222: 9204: 9154: 9088: 9070: 9013: 8963: 8782: 8686: 8559: 8521: 8491: 8329: 8219: 8058: 8051: 7898: 7779: 7508: 7493: 7317: 7137: 7016: 6789: 6777: 6280:. Monograph Southeast Asia Program. Vol. 4. Cornell University. p. 55. 5998:

Tara's Enlightened Activity: An oral commentary on the twenty-one praises to Tara

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The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being

3894: 3827: 3772: 2989: 2898: 2773: 2759: 2466: 2176: 2164: 2035: 2030:

can be found throughout Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.

1923: 1888: 1604: 1589: 1461: 1389: 1255: 1240: 1232: 1188: 1160: 1135: 831:, she is declared to be the "possessor of knowledge". In later sources, like the 763:

2.41.16 she is called: "Best of mothers, the best of rivers, best of goddesses".

512: 459: 424:

tradition, Sarasvati is a key figure and venerated as the creative aspect of the

389: 296: 84: 57: 31: 7984: 4681:

Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition

3927:

Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions

3896:

Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions

3331:

Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the divine feminine in the Hindu religious traditions

3250:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

3040:, are depicted. Other panels are filled with attendants, musicians, dancers and 2088:

festival, i.e., Ashtami, Navami, and Dashami, are celebrated as Sarasvati Puja.

1827:

In Tibet and parts of India, NilaSarasvati is sometimes considered as a form of

1159:

Depiction of Sarasvati from a market in Bengal (19th century, pre-1895 CE). The

10118: 9598: 9577: 9510: 9239: 9175: 9018: 8362: 8239: 8209: 8044: 7407: 7207: 7197: 5734:

Strategies in the study of religions. Volume two, Exploring religions in motion

3844:"Sri Saraswathi Ashtottara Shatanamavali - śrī sarasvatī aṣṭōttaraśatanāmāvalī" 3255: 2874: 2850: 2781: 2469:. Ludvik adds that this may be connected to her role as healer of Indra in the 2462: 2168: 2099:(Taking Puja). On the Vijaya Dashami day, Kerala and Tamil Nadu celebrate the 2065: 2055: 1357: 1184: 1175:

The story of Sarasvati becoming a river is introduced in the Srishti Khanda of

902: 746: 493:(सरस्) meaning "pooling water", but also sometimes translated as "speech"; and 405: 300: 7908: 6376:

Burma, Nationalism and Ideology: An Analysis of Society, Culture, and Politics

1301:

during the 6th century CE. In this text, she is part of the "triple goddess" (

999:

Sarasvati on a Lotus throne playing veena, sandalwood, Mysore, 18th century CE

373:. Sarasvati is a pan-Indian deity, venerated not only in Hinduism but also in 10052: 9962: 9917: 9653: 9567: 9520: 9355: 9259: 9038: 8812: 8550: 8441: 8352: 8286: 7744: 7305: 7187: 7177: 7127: 7119: 7079: 7074: 7021: 6738: 6505: 6500: 5752: 3364: 2993: 2978: 2926: 2545: 2521: 2144: 2061: 1859: 1739: 1722: 1284: 1180: 1015: 657: 515:

and is mentioned as one among several northwestern Indian rivers such as the

477:, Sarasvati is revered as the deity responsible for the dissemination of the 451: 5944:"Goddess Benzaiten, A-to-Z Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist / Shinto Statues" 3622: 1703:, she is the formless concept of wisdom and knowledge in all of its aspects. 774:, Sarasvati is celebrated as a deity of healing and purifying water. In the 692:, Sarasvati has retained her significance as an important goddess, from the 361:

who retains her significance in later Hinduism. Together with the goddesses

9881: 9877: 9856: 9648: 9618: 9593: 9572: 9562: 9546: 9525: 8910: 8875: 8772: 8389: 7109: 7031: 6801: 5766: 5706: 5681: 4941: 3070: 3037: 2970: 2937: 2933: 2914: 2831: 2298: 2294: 2120: 2115: 1880: 1876: 1585: 1555: 1505:

The variations in iconography of Sarasvati with various musical instruments

1331: 1176: 1051: 953: 919:, Sarasvati is called "the mother of eloquent speech and melodious music". 791: 776: 693: 446: 276: 7449: 7274: 5889:(Ph.D.). University of Toronto: National Library of Canada. Archived from 3575: 1944: 1910:, Hindus believe that it represents the spiritual location of the goddess 1868:

A carved idol of the crowned goddess Sharada from late-9th century Kashmir

339: 10022: 9992: 9977: 9674: 9638: 9582: 9489: 9456: 9217: 9050: 8978: 8968: 8880: 8870: 8845: 8486: 8481: 8372: 8166: 8150: 8093: 8028: 7964: 7737: 7712: 7653: 7427: 7309: 7169: 7069: 7051: 7041: 2906: 2785: 2541: 2501:

Kaudinya's hymn to Sarasvati in Yijing's translation is derived from the

2232: 2136: 1831: 1757: 1730: 1441: 1312: 1196: 1021: 984: 932: 516: 478: 400:, Sarasvati is increasingly identified with the Vedic goddess of speech, 3512:

Seeking Mahādevī: Constructing the Identities of the Hindu Great Goddess

3137:– the Greek goddess consort of Cronos and mother of the gods and titans. 2738:

She is commonly enshrined in Chinese Buddhist monasteries as one of the

1274:

19th century South Indian painting of Raja-Matangi with veena and parrot

1105:

The birth of Sarasvati from the mind of Brahma is also described in the

9800: 9779: 9752: 9724: 9557: 9540: 9515: 9500: 9494: 9115: 9083: 9028: 8885: 8594: 8431: 8404: 8186: 7959: 7719: 7648: 7362: 7089: 6963: 6914: 5545: 3365:"Sarasvati | Definition, Depictions, Worship, & River | Britannica" 3066: 2958: 2806: 2624: 2081: 1847: 1432: 1393: 1385: 980: 928: 767: 6025:

The Life of Longchenpa: The Omniscient Dharma King of the Vast Expanse

5167:

The Power of the Dharma: An introduction to Hinduism and Vedic culture

2580:

the mantra of Sarasvati is: oṃ hrīḥ mahāmāyāṅge mahāsarasvatyai namaḥ

9937: 9897: 9729: 9663: 9633: 9587: 9474: 9234: 9023: 8973: 8946: 8895: 8860: 8850: 8802: 8701: 8614: 8511: 8466: 8140: 7707: 7638: 7528: 7387: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7084: 7061: 7036: 6998: 6902: 6600: 3095: 2925:(principal personal meditational deity) of 14th century Tibetan monk 2902: 2842: 2755: 2729: 2709: 2679: 2632: 2615: 2511: 2471: 2426: 2418: 2325: 2281: 2160: 2085: 2039: 2015: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1955: 1828: 1811: 1572: 1465: 1378: 1224: 1220: 1200: 1075: 941: 860: 782: 753: 646: 470: 429: 304: 189: 184: 9922: 5537: 5071:"What about a university by Kashmiri Pandits? | Curriculum Magazine" 4653:

Thomas Coburn (2002). Katherine Anne Harper, Robert L. Brown (ed.).

4080:. London, UK: Williams & Norgate. pp. 16–17. Archived from 3605:

Kashmir and its people: studies in the evolution of Kashmiri society

3086:, "the Waters", representing and represented by Aredvi Sura Anahita. 1712:

Savitri, She is the personification of purity, the consort of Brahma

388:, her characteristics and attributes are closely connected with the 10007: 10002: 9932: 9927: 9683: 9484: 9279: 9098: 9093: 8983: 8920: 8900: 8731: 8567: 8394: 8367: 8334: 8276: 8176: 8171: 8145: 8070: 7954: 7826: 7774: 7730: 7702: 7672: 7658: 7578: 7538: 7523: 7382: 7325: 7258: 7026: 6988: 6958: 6950: 6909: 6867: 6838: 6784: 5807:

pp. 436-437. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. (Buddhist Tradition Series).

3045: 3020:. Amulets with Sarasvati and a peacock are also found in Thailand. 2974: 2777: 2556: 2360: 2321: 2277: 2042:

also houses a temple dedicated to Sarasvati, where she is known as

2023: 1983: 1761: 1753: 1743: 1689: 1681: 1631: 1449: 1405: 1374: 1320: 1316: 1308: 1279: 1192: 1074:, Brahma generated Sarasvati, here also called by other names like 1039: 972: 967: 840: 756:, indicating that she was seen as descending from heaven to earth. 689: 604: 567: 549: 528: 466: 425: 421: 397: 378: 350: 168: 123: 70: 8108: 6499:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

6142:

The Splendor of an Autumn Moon: The devotional verse of Tsongkhapa

6109:

The Splendor of an Autumn Moon: The devotional verse of Tsongkhapa

4679:

Kinsley, David R. (1988). "Tara, Chinnamasta and the Mahavidyas".

3007: 1369:

Shakta sources, Sarasvati takes many forms. A key tantric form is

1126:

describes Sarasvati as originally being one of the three wives of

30:

This article is about the Hindu goddess. For the Vedic river, see

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Balinese Food: The traditional cuisine & food culture of Bali

4920:. Continuum Encyclopedia. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 319–320. 3128: 3089: 3049: 3041: 3028: 2689:

where she is depicted as red skinned (known as "Red Sarasvati").

2672: 2640: 2628: 2549: 2491: 2458: 2435: 2210: 2196: 2140: 1843: 1794: 1765: 1748: 1706: 1693: 1685: 1674: 1647: 1627: 1370: 1303: 1259: 1244: 1216: 1150: 1131: 1079: 1004: 867:(identified with Prajapati) and Sarasvati (identified with Vāc). 733: 506: 474: 455: 374: 370: 366: 362: 283: 158: 153: 66: 7974: 7830: 4784: 3140: 2693: 27:

Principal Hindu goddess, goddess of knowledge, music, and speech

9709: 9699: 9694: 9212: 9190: 9003: 8956: 8915: 8797: 8787: 8726: 8634: 8577: 8572: 8426: 8113: 7949: 7935: 7920: 7820: 7668: 7663: 7628: 7616: 7606: 7573: 7563: 7498: 7417: 7397: 7335: 7330: 7263: 6978: 6892: 5092:"Navratri rituals: Golu, Saraswati Puja, Vidyarambham ..." 4694:

The Tāntric Practices in Śrī-Vidyā: With Śrī Śāradā-chatuśśatī,

3874: 3117: 3033: 2982: 2800: 2792: 2684: 2540:

A statue of Vajraśāradā, a classic Buddhist form of Sarasvati,

2422: 2274: 2180: 2172: 2132: 2077: 2010:, there is a famous Sarasvati temple in North Paravur, namely, 2007: 1965: 1884: 1782: 1769: 1726: 1612: 1457: 1397: 1366: 1339: 1247: 1236: 1209: 1204: 1127: 1095: 976: 887: 864: 742: 433: 417: 413: 314: 267: 252: 199: 163: 5794:

p. 435. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. (Buddhist Tradition Series).

4872:

Some texts refer to her as "goddess of harmony"; for example:

4831:

The Sacred and the Feminine: Imagination and sexual difference

2776:; the three biggest shrines in Japan in her honour are at the 2724:

Japanese illsutration of Benzaiten (Sarasvati) riding a dragon

1270: 820: 401: 98: 9714: 9455: 9108: 9103: 8807: 8777: 8711: 8691: 8629: 8609: 8582: 8421: 8123: 8023: 7969: 7925: 7903: 7692: 7611: 7543: 7503: 7488: 7412: 7377: 7340: 6919: 6897: 3062: 2922: 2918: 2644: 2588: 2506: 2487: 2443: 2430: 2429:. Sarasvati is also said to help monks memorize the Buddhist 2192: 2156: 2128: 1894: 1873: 1816: 1734: 1576: 1445: 1338:, energetic and active), while Mahalakshmi is the sustainer ( 1335: 1315:. In Shaktism, this trinity (the Shakta response to the male 1251: 1228: 1143: 1043: 937: 846: 808: 787: 713: 709: 698: 441: 385: 230: 5382:

History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives

3393:

Shlokas and Bhajans: with general knowledge and subhashitams

2273:

Sarasvati was honoured with invocations among the Hindus of

1003:

Sarasvati remains an important figure in the later medieval

78: 9149: 9078: 9060: 9008: 8792: 8736: 8696: 8656: 8639: 8624: 8589: 8018: 7930: 7643: 7583: 7548: 7518: 7458: 7432: 7422: 7402: 7347: 7006: 6924: 6859: 6807: 6332:

Red peacocks: commentaries on Burmese socialist nationalism

5044:

Kashur the Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective

4568:

Padma Purana Part 1 Srishti Khanda Motilal Banarsidass 1988

3862: 3083: 2830:

Sarasvati in an 18th-century CE Tibetan artwork, holding a

2764: 2751: 2636: 2244: 2226: 2188: 1668:

thus depicted her as the goddess of knowledge and all arts.

1600: 1453: 1291: 1047: 522:

Her importance grows in the later Vedas composed after the

469:, she is venerated in many forms, including the East Asian 354: 334: 148: 6548:

Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The ten mahāvidyās

5561:

Protectors and Predators: Gods of Medieval Japan, Volume 2

3829:

The Encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia

2917:(Glorious Goddess) who is a fierce protector deity in the 1768:(Sarasvati, Lakshmi and Parvati) came into being. Various 7822: 3987:. Book 2, Hymn 41, line 16. Archived from 3777:. Vol. 5. pp. 337–347 – via Google Books. 3639:. Know India – Odisha Fairs and Festivals. Archived from 3016: 2461:

spell. This passage contains much information on ancient

2203: 1864: 1650:

and forms of Sarasvati have been attested in scriptures.

1571:(rosary, garland), a water pot and a musical instrument ( 1295:), a central text for Shaktism which was appended to the 6050:"Buddhist Protector: Shri Devi, Magzor Gyalmo Main Page" 5352:

Gonda, Jan. "Section 3: Southeast Asia Religions".

3724: 3722: 2936:(ritual text) revealed by the great Tibetan female lama 2913:

Sarasvati also became associated with the Tibetan deity

7883: 6021: 4853:

For Sanskrit to English translation of the four words:

4581: 2643:, and their retinue. The text later also describes the 2438:(a long mantra-like recitation) to improve memory. The 1191:

deposited their arsenal of weapons at the hermitage of

562:, a collection of fifty-five Tamil verses praising the 5994: 4659:. State University of New York Press. pp. 80–83. 1879:

and ancient centre of learning located in present-day

1400:) to this deity, perhaps the most important being the 6761: 5771:

CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripiṭaka Collection (漢文大藏經)

5711:

CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripiṭaka Collection (漢文大藏經)

5686:

CBETA Chinese Electronic Tripiṭaka Collection (漢文大藏經)

5433: 5431: 5403: 5401: 4880:. Vol. 22. p. 669 – via Google Books. 4858:. Koeln, Germany: University of Koeln. Archived from 4648: 4646: 4111: 4109: 3747:. Koeln, Germany: University of Koeln. Archived from 3719: 3468: 3104: 436:'s consorts and assists him in his divine functions. 6470: 4825: 4357: 4355: 3208:

yā brahmācyuta śaṃkaraprabhṛtibhirdevaiḥ sadā pūjitā

2150: 1998:, one of many Sarasvati/Sharada pilgrimage spots is 1563:

The four hands hold items with symbolic meaning – a

8084: 6590:. Brill's Indological Library. Vol. 27. BRILL. 6568:

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot

5222:"Haryana to celebrate Saraswati Mahotsav on Jan 28" 5137:

Traditional Festivals: A multicultural encyclopedia

2421:, as well as with the closely connected virtues of 901:also contains a popular alternative version of the 501:(सरसु+अति) which means "one with plenty of water". 6426: 5428: 5398: 5192:"Saraswati Puja: Worshipping knowledge, education" 5113:"Thiruvananthapuram gears up for Vidyarambham day" 4643: 4106: 3924: 3655:"The festival of Vasant Panchami: A new beginning" 1801:MahaSarasvati is also part of another legend, the 1772:texts offer alternate legends for Maha Sarasvati. 1737:, as well as east Nepal, Sarasvati is part of the 6299: 6297: 4610:"Tridevi - the three supreme Goddess in Hinduism" 4538: 4468: 4361: 4352: 4287: 4204:Swami Vishnu Devananda, Vishnu Devananda (1999). 4142: 3185:या ब्रह्माच्युत शंकरप्रभृतिभिर्देवैः सदा वन्दिता। 886:Like Indra, Sarasvati is also called a slayer of 702:as a water goddess of purification, while in the 10050: 6645: 6617: 5563:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 165–166. 5165:Knapp, Stephen (2006). "The Dharmic Festivals". 3880: 3213:sā māṃ pātu sarasvati bhagavatī niḥśeṣajāḍyāpahā 3198:yā kundendutuṣārahāradhavalā yā śubhravastrāvṛtā 2682:is drawn from later tantric sources such as the 2531: 2453:, such as Yijing's, the goddess then teaches an 1785:given at the beginning of the fifth chapter the 1319:of the other Hindu sects) is a manifestation of 1183:. In the Skanda Purana, after the events of the 807:is the inspired thought (especially that of the 6695:The Meanings of Hindu Gods, Goddesses and Myths 4564: 4495:General, India Office of the Registrar (1965). 4471:"The Descent of Sarasvatī [Chapter 34]" 4145:"Rig Veda 7.95.5 [English translation]" 3918: 3916: 3703:Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa 2948: 2663:, "goddess of beautiful sounds"), and 妙音天 (Ch. 1990:and Shri Sarasvati Kshetramu temples in Medak, 1349:In other influential Shakta texts, such as the 392:, making her one of the earliest examples of a 6456:. New York: New York: Routledge. p. 280. 6294: 5988: 5306:. Princeton University Press. pp. 49–57. 5236: 4856:"Monier Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary" 4723:"Sri Shyamala Dandakam - śrī śyāmalā daṇḍakam" 4458:. London: Mayur University London. p. 97. 4456:Kamandalu: the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism 3899:. University of California Press. p. 95. 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3203:yā vīṇāvaradaṇḍamaṇḍitakarā yā śvetapadmāsanā 3175:या कुन्देन्दुतुषारहारधवला या शुभ्रवस्त्रावृता। 3171:The hymn comprises the following four verses: 2280:. She and Brahma are referred to in Cambodian 2110: 1603:or a goose – is often shown near her feet. In 1151:Puranic Narratives of Sarasvati’s River Aspect 1086:, out of himself for the purpose of creation. 651: 9441: 7806: 7290: 6823: 5967: 4652: 4515:The Lost River: On the Trail of the Sarasvatī 3696: 3694: 3657:. United Kingdom: Alan Barker. Archived from 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3143:– the Norse goddess of learning and knowledge 2446:) so that one may swiftly attain Buddhahood. 1342:, "goodness") and Mahakali is the destroyer ( 1102:) and his sons are left to create the world. 1019:(which contains the most extensive account), 696:up to the present day. She is praised in the 635: 629: 610: 582: 6518:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 4014:. Book 10, Hymn 17. Archived from 3913: 3794:. pp. 125–127 – via Google Books. 3787: 2371: 1853: 1819:, with Maha Sarasvati as one of those nine. 1444:of Saraswati: the goddess depicted with her 1411: 511:In initial passages, the word refers to the 7304: 6620:Glory of the Divine Mother (Devī Māhātmyam) 6564: 6275: 5517: 4821: 4819: 4817: 3868: 3334:. University of California Press. pp. 3131:– the Roman goddess of wisdom and knowledge 3120:– the Greek goddess of wisdom and knowledge 2821: 2614:Sarasvati is also briefly mentioned in the 2606:), Sarasvati was born from the eyetooth of 1822: 1243:, she left Brahmaloka, and arrived at Sage 1223:). From this, an all-consuming fire called 1046:, and a water pot while being mounted on a 9448: 9434: 7813: 7799: 7297: 7283: 6830: 6816: 6406:. Stanford University Press. p. 790. 6138: 6078: 5010: 4692:Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao (1990). 4629:. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. p. 284. 3691: 3602: 3540: 3389: 3292: 3190:सा मां पातु सरस्वती भगवती निःशेषजाड्यापहा॥ 1114: 1057: 675: 665: 77: 6399: 5915:. Vol. 7, no. 2. Archived from 5301: 4765: 4602: 3700: 3508: 3274:Learn how and when to remove this message 2973:(Burmese deity) and is a guardian of the 2929:, who composed a devotional poem to her. 2715: 1709:, she is the personification of the Vedas 573:Outside Nepal and India, she is known in 6588:Sarasvatī: Riverine Goddess of Knowledge 6504: 6306:Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) 5526:Journal of the American Oriental Society 5014:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism 4814: 4770:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 99–101. 4761: 4759: 4575: 4396: 3821: 3819: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3545:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism 3410:. Sarup & Sons. 1999. p. 1214. 3180:या वीणावरदण्डमण्डितकरा या श्वेतपद्मासना॥ 3027: 2901:. She is also considered the consort of 2825: 2719: 2535: 2378: 2308: 2220: 2175:is distributed among the devotees after 2114: 2012:Dakshina Mookambika Temple North Paravur 1863: 1652: 1269: 1154: 1061: 994: 6652:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. BRILL. 6545: 6522: 6476: 6328: 6303: 5379: 5375: 5373: 5304:The Language of Balinese Shadow Theater 5297: 5295: 5276:India's Interaction with Southeast Asia 4915: 4708:Sri Shyamala Dandakam: Syamala Dandakam 4705:Alok Jagwat; Mahakavi Kalidasa (2021). 4494: 4453: 4430:. Penguin Books India. pp. 67–71. 4288:www.wisdomlib.org (27 September 2020). 3922: 3892: 3832:. p. 534 – via Google Books. 3327: 3098:name of which derives from Old Iranian 2417:, Sarasvati is closely associated with 1764:of gods (Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva) and 849:" as well as the Vedas themselves. The 489:Sarasvati is a Sanskrit fusion word of 432:traditions, where she serves as one of 349:, is one of the principal goddesses in 14: 10051: 6594: 6585: 5906: 5879: 5815: 5813: 5523: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5326: 5214: 5189: 5011:Lochtefeld, James (15 December 2001). 4973:. State University of New York Press. 4893:Spiritual Perspectives and Human Facts 4890: 4873: 4747: 4511: 4423: 3728: 3573: 3515:. State University of New York Press. 2293:in the Khmer literature of the era of 2049: 1098:act, the god loses his ascetic power ( 719: 369:, she forms the trinity, known as the 9429: 7794: 7278: 6811: 6372: 6355: 6105: 5643:pp. 151-152. Oxford University Press. 5558: 5253:"Saraswati, day of knowledge descent" 5164: 5123:from the original on 14 October 2013. 5101:from the original on 15 October 2013. 5041: 4968: 4756: 4539:www.wisdomlib.org (28 January 2019). 4449: 4447: 4397:Williams, George M. (27 March 2008). 4362:www.wisdomlib.org (28 January 2019). 4229: 4227: 4073: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3816: 3781: 3755: 3598: 3596: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3390:Shivakumar, K. N. (14 January 2021). 2944:Oṃ hrīṃ devi prajñā vārdhani ye svāhā 2795:), the main mantra for this deity is: 2475:and to ancient Indian bathing rites. 1575:). The book she holds symbolizes the 990: 619: 597: 591: 539: 428:. She is also significant in certain 6751:"Sarasvati, The Goddess of Learning" 6636: 6255:. Lonely Planet Publications. 2000. 6222: 6126:from the original on 25 January 2018 6060:from the original on 26 October 2017 5370: 5292: 5183: 4802:from the original on 16 October 2017 4143:www.wisdomlib.org (27 August 2021). 3886: 3825: 3806:"Sarasvati, The Goddess of Learning" 3770: 3504: 3502: 3454: 3452: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3227: 2699: 1641: 786:, she is described as having healed 473:(辯才天, "Eloquence Talent Deity"). In 444:. Beside her is her mount, either a 9410: 5810: 5737:. Boston: De Gruyter. p. 279. 5730: 5440: 5190:Kerkar, Rajendra (5 October 2011). 5133: 5046:. Singapore: Partridge Publishing. 4940: 4696:p. 205. Kalpataru Research Academy. 4622: 4469:www.wisdomlib.org (13 April 2021). 3092:– the Old Persian goddess of wisdom 1282:. Sarasvati appears in the Puranic 412:. She is linked to the creator god 24: 6667: 5931:Hindu Gods and Goddesses in Japan, 5327:Kruger, Vivienne (22 April 2014). 5140:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. pp. 4948:. Random House. pp. 265–279. 4829:; Turvey-Sauron, Victoria (2008). 4792:"Hinduism 101 Saraswati Symbolism" 4565:N. A. Deshpande (1 January 1988). 4444: 4224: 4208:, p. 77. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 3945: 3931:. University of California Press. 3593: 3529: 3461: 2315:Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Yangon) 1721:In some regions of India, such as 1404:by the great Indian Sanskrit poet 922: 630: 25: 10145: 6731: 6451: 6362:. Macmillan and Company, limited. 6199:"Sarasvatī Meditation and Mantra" 5971:Mo: The Tibetan Divination System 5639:Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh (1924). 5626:Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh (1924). 5351: 5278:. Vol. 1. pp. 660–661. 5273: 5202:from the original on 10 June 2018 3509:Pintchman, Tracy (14 June 2001). 3499: 3495:from the original on 14 May 1998. 3449: 3352: 2770:Zeniarai Benzaiten Ugafuku Shrine 2268: 2151:In north, west, and central India 2071: 1716: 1452:and lotus. (Two images: above, a 749:and Bharati within the pantheon. 737:, the most ancient source of the 9673: 9409: 9399: 9390: 9389: 9378: 8083: 7829: 7821: 7448: 6940: 6795: 6783: 6771: 6492: 6445: 6420: 6393: 6366: 6359:The Burman: His Life and Notions 6356:Scott, Sir James George (1910). 6349: 6322: 6278:Independent Burma at forty years 6269: 6243: 6216: 6191: 6166: 6139:Tsongkhapa, Je (24 March 2015). 6099: 6079:Tsongkhapa, Je (24 March 2015). 6072: 6042: 6022:Jampa Mackenzie Stewart (2014). 6015: 5961: 5936: 5923: 5900: 5873: 5848: 5822: 5797: 5784: 5759: 5724: 5699: 5674: 5665: 5646: 5633: 5630:p. 151. Oxford University Press. 5620: 5611: 5602: 5577: 5552: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5481: 5472: 5463: 5454: 5419: 5410: 5345: 5320: 5267: 5245: 5228:. 7 January 2017. Archived from 4766:Holm, Jean; Bowke, John (1998). 4582:Charles Dillard Collins (1988). 3637:"Vasant Panchami Saraswati Puja" 3232: 3124:Koothanur Maha Saraswathi Temple 2091:The celebrations start with the 2068:and Sarasvati Jayanti in India. 1954: 1943: 1892:Sharada revealed herself to the 1554: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1431: 1420: 416:, either as his creative power ( 10109:Tiruvalluva Maalai contributors 9379: 5995:Khenchen Palden Sherab (2007). 5974:. Shambhala. pp. 149–150. 5302:Zurbuchen, Mary Sabine (2014). 5158: 5127: 5105: 5084: 5063: 5035: 5004: 4987: 4962: 4934: 4909: 4884: 4866: 4847: 4796:Hindu American Foundation (HAF) 4741: 4715: 4699: 4686: 4673: 4616: 4558: 4532: 4505: 4488: 4462: 4417: 4390: 4381: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4307: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4211: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4097: 4088: 4067: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4031: 4022: 4004: 3995: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3836: 3808:. Stephen Knapp. Archived from 3798: 3734: 3675:. 30 March 2019. Archived from 3665: 3647: 3629: 3607:. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. 3567: 2845:regions, Sarasvati is known as 2791:In Japanese esoteric Buddhism ( 2332:). According to Miranda Shaw's 2216: 1497:(imagination, creativity), and 1265: 731:Sarasvati first appears in the 406:classical and medieval Hinduism 9304:Relations with other religions 6550:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 6485: 5929:Saroj Kumar Chaudhuri (2003). 5832:. 4 March 2016. Archived from 5655:The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra 5356:. Brill Academic. p. 45. 4498:Census of India, 1961: Gujarat 3424: 3400: 3383: 3165: 2655:, lit. "eloquence"), 美音天 (Ch. 2304: 1219:) and the Hehayas (a group of 207:om̐ aim mahāsarasvatyaya namaḥ 13: 1: 6712:Saraswati, Swami Satyananda. 6641:. Princeton University Press. 6618:Sankaranarayanan, S. (2001). 6329:Badgley, John H.; Kyaw, Aye. 6106:Kilty, Gavin (15 June 2001). 6001:. Shambhala. pp. 65–68. 5933:p. 54. Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd. 5097:. 5 October 2013. p. 4. 4918:Animal Symbolism in World Art 4712:Bhartiya Ved Vigyan Parishad. 4077:Sacred writings of the Hindus 3396:. Sangeet Bharati. p. 9. 3223: 3023: 2985:(Buddhist wizards) of Burma. 2957:, Sarasvati is worshipped as 2940:, her mantra is presented as: 2601: 2532:Other Indian Mahayana sources 2328:, the bodhisattva of wisdom ( 2084:, the last three days of the 1658: 683: 6837: 6697:. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. 6523:Kelting, M. Whitney (2001). 5354:Handbook of Oriental Studies 5042:Raina, Mohini Qasba (2013). 4969:Brown, C. Mackenzie (1990). 4424:Sharma, Bulbul (June 2010). 3473:. Birmingham Museum of Art. 3286: 2949:In South East Asian Buddhism 2604:4th century – 5th century CE 2385:Tokyo University of the Arts 2179:. Prasad mainly consists of 2028:additional Sarasvati temples 1634:into the radiant plumage of 827:from her. In Book 10 of the 484: 7: 10114:Music and singing goddesses 7228:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad 6714:Saraswati Puja for Children 6639:Buddhist Goddesses of India 6427:Patit Paban Mishra (2010). 6276:Silverstein, Josef (1989). 5883:From Sarasvati to Benzaiten 5608:Ludvik (2007). pp. 265-267. 5585:"AryAstavaH - hymn to Arya" 5487:Ludvik (2007), pp. 162-164. 4400:Handbook of Hindu Mythology 4313:Ludvik (2007), pp. 117-118. 3744:Sanskrit English Dictionary 3105: 3076: 3008: 2788:Island in Seto Inland Sea. 2620:Vairochanabhisambodhi Sutra 2401:Sarasvati's chapter in the 2334:Buddhist Goddesses of India 2111:In east and northeast India 2000:Shringeri Sharadamba Temple 1688:(mother goddess) avatar as 454:(6th–12th centuries CE) in 340: 10: 10150: 10124:Personifications of rivers 7223:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 6586:Ludvik, Catherine (2007). 6400:McFarland, George (1944). 6028:. Shambhala Publications. 5880:Ludvik, Catherine (2001). 5617:Faure (2015). pp. 168-169. 5589:Mahabharata Resources Page 5514:Ludvik (2007), pp. 197-205 5478:Ludvik (2007), pp. 160-161 4971:The Triumph of the Goddess 4748:Ludvík, Catherine (2007). 4623:Hay, Jeff (6 March 2009). 4588:. SUNY Press. p. 36. 4501:. Manager of Publications. 4454:Warrier, Shrikala (2014). 4331:Ludvik (2007), pp. 131-133 4269:Ludvik (2007), pp. 114-115 4251:Ludvik (2007), pp. 101-105 4055:Ludvik (2007), pp. 26, 31. 3956:Ludvik (2007), pp. 11, 26. 3701:Donaldson, Thomas (2001). 3580:World History Encyclopedia 3541:Lochtefeld, James (2002). 3054:National Museum, New Delhi 2780:Island in Sagami Bay, the 2727: 2704:Sarasvati is worshiped in 2478:In the latter part of the 2053: 1982:on the banks of the River 1934: 1929: 1857: 724: 36:Saraswati (disambiguation) 29: 9910: 9865: 9838: 9815: 9793: 9772: 9745: 9738: 9682: 9671: 9467: 9376: 9203: 9168: 8994: 8929: 8836: 8763: 8756: 8655: 8558: 8549: 8457: 8343: 8300: 8267: 8185: 8159: 8131: 8122: 8101: 8092: 8081: 8000: 7869: 7860: 7839: 7770: 7681: 7599: 7457: 7446: 7316: 7254: 7238: 7168: 7118: 7060: 6997: 6949: 6938: 6858: 6845: 6595:Prasad, R. U. S. (2017). 6416:– via Google Books. 6174:"White Sarasvatī Sādhana" 6162:– via Google Books. 6095:– via Google Books. 6038:– via Google Books. 6011:– via Google Books. 5984:– via Google Books. 5948:www.onmarkproductions.com 5909:"The seven gods of bliss" 5805:Buddhist Insight: Essays, 5792:Buddhist Insight: Essays, 5469:Ludvik (2007), pp. 158-59 5242:Eiseman (1989) pp 184–185 5169:. iUniverse. p. 94. 5017:. Vol. N–Z. p. 4946:India: A sacred geography 4916:Werness, Hope B. (2007). 4891:Schuon, Frithjof (2007). 4877:Encyclopaedia Londinensis 4186:Ludvik (2007), pp. 47-48. 4168:Ludvik (2007), pp. 16-17. 4124:Ludvik (2007), pp. 63-66. 4103:Ludvik (2007), pp. 59-60. 4094:Ludvik (2007), p. 38, 53. 3909:– via Google Books. 3549:. Vol. A–M. p. 3458:Ludvik (2007), pp. 1, 11. 3408:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism 3194:English transliteration: 3073:dating from 132 CE. 2997: 2966: 2878: 2854: 1854:Sharada avatar in Kashmir 1805:(not to be confused with 1448:, swan, peacock, crystal 1412:Symbolism and iconography 676: 666: 652: 636: 621:[tḭpḭtəka̰mɛ̀dɔ̀] 611: 583: 481:' teachings and sermons. 330: 310: 292: 266: 258: 248: 221: 198: 177: 141: 133: 122: 91: 83:Painting of Sarasvati by 76: 64: 50: 45: 8448:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 7754:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6646:Zvelebil, Kamil (1975). 6304:Seekins, Donald (2006). 4403:. OUP USA. p. 137. 4242:Ludvik (2007), p. 99-100 4177:Ludvik (2007), pp 22-23. 3965:Ludvik (2007), pp. 11-12 3603:Kaw, M. K., ed. (2004). 3479:Birmingham Museum of Art 3158: 3147:Saraswati Vandana Mantra 2822:In Indo-Tibetan Buddhism 2812:On Sarasabatei-ei Sowaka 2449:In some versions of the 2313:Statue of Thurathadi at 1823:Mahavidya Nila Sarasvati 1493:(intellect, reasoning), 1460:, below, a sculpture in 1384:Matangi is important in 790:after he drank too much 526:as well as in the later 10089:Sea and river goddesses 10033:Shwe Kyunbin Maunghnama 9857:Shwesitthin Myinbyushin 8527:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 7203:Tripuratapini Upanishad 6743:Encyclopædia Britannica 6546:Kinsley, David (1998). 6529:Oxford University Press 6515:Encyclopædia Britannica 6429:The History of Thailand 6403:Thai-English Dictionary 6373:Maung, Shwe Lu (1989). 6223:Chew, Anne-May (2005). 6112:. Wisdom Publications. 5559:Faure, Bernard (2015). 5134:Roy, Christian (2005). 4518:. Penguin Books India. 4512:Danino, Michel (2010). 3923:Kinsley, David (1988). 3893:Kinsley, David (1988). 3470:Guide to the collection 3328:Kinsley, David (1988). 1058:Association with Brahma 797:Sarasvati also governs 56:Personification of the 9629:Pareinma Shin Mingaung 9536:Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin 8502:Eighteen Greater Texts 6637:Shaw, Miranda (2006). 6622:. India: Nesma Books. 6145:. Simon and Schuster. 6085:. Simon and Schuster. 5968:Jamgon Mipham (2000). 5496:Ludvik (2007), p. 172. 5425:Ludvik (2007), p. 145. 5380:Wolters, O.W. (1989). 5259:. 2013. Archived from 4387:Ludvik (2007), p. 121. 4349:Ludvik (2007), p. 120. 4206:Meditation and Mantras 3057: 2946: 2834: 2819: 2784:in Lake Biwa, and the 2725: 2716:In East Asian Buddhism 2574: 2552: 2387: 2357: 2347: 2317: 2235:, the last day of the 2229: 2225:Pura Taman Sarasvati, 2124: 2064:, it is also known as 1976:Gnana Sarasvati Temple 1869: 1799: 1669: 1275: 1165: 1067: 1000: 911: 34:. For other uses, see 9773:Ayeyarwady Delta nats 9461:Burmese folk religion 9255:Hindu gurus and sants 8507:Eighteen Lesser Texts 7183:Devi-Bhagavata Purana 6229:. White Lotus Press. 5896:on 11 September 2014. 5803:Wayman, Alex (1984). 5790:Wayman, Alex (1984). 5731:Pye, Michael (2013). 5671:Faure (2015). p. 166. 5505:Ludvik (2007), p. 190 5460:Ludvik (2007), p. 158 5451:Ludvik (2007), p. 157 4874:Wilkes, John (1827). 4340:Ludvik (2007), p. 119 4322:Ludvik (2007), p. 127 4278:Ludvik (2007), p. 116 4260:Ludvik (2007), p. 112 4195:Ludvik (2007), p. 51. 4133:Ludvik (2007), p. 15. 4115:Ludvik (2007), p. 60. 4064:Ludvik (2007), p. 31. 4037:Ludvik (2007), p. 45. 4001:Ludvik (2007), p. 17. 3991:on 24 September 2015. 3826:Balf, Edward (1885). 3788:Moor, Edward (1810). 3643:on 23 September 2014. 3031: 2942: 2839:Indo-Tibetan Buddhism 2829: 2797: 2723: 2631:, Vishnu (Narayana), 2565: 2539: 2396:Suvarṇaprabhāsa Sūtra 2382: 2352: 2338: 2312: 2224: 2167:is commonly known as 2118: 2022:. In her identity as 1867: 1791: 1656: 1390:Lalita Tripurasundari 1352:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1273: 1158: 1065: 998: 907: 905:focused on Sarasvati: 544:Sarasvati (Sanskrit: 280:(white goose or swan) 10038:Pyelepyin Maunghnama 9853:Shwepyay Myinbyushin 9825:Pale Yin (Amay Pale) 9245:Anti-Hindu sentiment 6674:Ankerl, Guy (2000). 6379:. University Press. 6203:www.lotsawahouse.org 6178:www.lotsawahouse.org 6054:www.himalayanart.org 5819:Shaw (2006), p. 244. 5437:Shaw (2006), p. 237. 5416:Shaw (2006), p. 238. 5407:Shaw (2006), p. 236. 5331:. pp. 152–153. 5095:The Deccan Chronicle 4833:. pp. 144–147. 4541:"Story of Sarasvatī" 4364:"Story of Sarasvatī" 4233:Ludvik (2007), p. 97 4046:Ludvik (2007), p 27. 4028:Ludvik (2007), p 40. 3974:Ludvik (2007), p. 13 3881:Kamil Zvelebil, 1975 3705:. pp. 274–275. 3481:. 2010. p. 55. 2887:dbyangs can sgrol ma 2297:, Hindu king of the 1964:Saraswati temple at 1567:(book or script), a 1402:Śrī Śyāmalā Daṇḍakam 803:(Rigveda 1:3:12c.). 712:) of one's actions ( 10084:Knowledge goddesses 9998:Four Heavenly Kings 9604:Shwe Hpyin Naungdaw 9351:Hinduism by country 8517:Iraiyanar Akapporul 8477:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 7239:Regional variations 6571:. Sahitya Akademi. 6565:Lal, Mohan (1992). 6082:Prayer to Sarasvati 5907:Suzuki, T. (1907). 5263:on 5 December 2014. 5232:on 17 January 2018. 5119:. 11 October 2013. 4752:. BRILL. p. 1. 4656:The Roots of Tantra 3771:Muir, John (1870). 3751:on 4 December 2014. 3475:Birmingham, Alabama 2897:) as one of the 21 2262:, that they share. 2050:Festivals and pujas 2038:village of coastal 1907:Maha Shakti Peethas 1846:for her worship in 1599:A hamsa – either a 916:Taittiriya Brahmana 857:Shatapatha Brahmana 852:Shatapatha Brahmana 720:In Vedic literature 599:[θùɹa̰ðədì] 593:[θùja̰ðədì] 345:), also spelled as 303:and seventh day of 10134:Consorts of Vishnu 10104:Consorts of Brahma 10074:Jain minor deities 10069:Buddhist goddesses 9803:(Nankaraing Medaw) 9764:Taungdaw Thakhinma 9624:Htibyuhsaung Medaw 7246:Caribbean Shaktism 6452:S, Prasad (2019). 5767:"大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經第4卷" 5707:"大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經第2卷" 5682:"大毘盧遮那成佛神變加持經第1卷" 5384:. pp. 87–89. 4862:on 20 August 2016. 4729:. 24 November 2018 3850:. 30 November 2018 3791:The Hindu Pantheon 3661:on 4 October 2015. 3574:Cartwright, Mark. 3369:www.britannica.com 3058: 2835: 2745:Golden Light Sutra 2726: 2694:bija (seed) mantra 2625:Womb Realm Mandala 2597:Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra 2553: 2544:(8th century CE), 2517:Golden Light Sutra 2451:Golden Light Sutra 2415:Golden Light Sutra 2408:Golden Light Sutra 2403:Golden Light Sutra 2392:Golden Light Sutra 2388: 2374:Golden Light Sutra 2365:Golden Light Sutra 2318: 2230: 2125: 1920:Martand Sun Temple 1870: 1746:mythology, in the 1670: 1276: 1231:, Vishnu, and the 1199:. The sage's son, 1166: 1068: 1005:Puranic literature 1001: 991:Puranic literature 560:Tiruvalluva Maalai 540:Names and epithets 10046: 10045: 9983:Pakhan U Min Gyaw 9948:U Din Kyaw Khaung 9906: 9905: 9850:Kanni Myinbyushin 9847:Yamma Myinbyushin 9609:Shwe Hpyin Nyidaw 9468:Official pantheon 9423: 9422: 9199: 9198: 8752: 8751: 8545: 8544: 8459:Sangam literature 8415:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 8263: 8262: 8079: 8078: 7788: 7787: 7272: 7271: 7218:Bhavana Upanishad 7213:Tripura Upanishad 7193:Shakta Upanishads 6704:978-81-291-1481-5 6693:Debnath, Sailen. 6610:978-1-351-80654-1 6578:978-81-260-1221-3 6538:978-0-19-803211-3 6463:978-0-367-88671-4 6438:978-0-313-34091-8 6413:978-0-8047-0383-3 6386:978-984-05-1114-3 6342:978-93-5018-162-1 6315:978-0-8108-5476-5 6287:978-0-87727-121-5 6262:978-0-86442-703-8 6236:978-974-480-045-9 6152:978-0-86171-770-5 6092:978-0-86171-770-5 6035:978-0-8348-2911-4 6008:978-1-55939-864-0 5981:978-1-55939-848-0 5830:"佛教二十四诸天_中国佛教文化网" 5744:978-1-61451-191-5 5570:978-0-8248-5772-1 5391:978-9971-902-42-1 5363:978-90-04-04330-5 5338:978-0-8048-4450-5 5313:978-0-691-60812-9 5285:978-81-87586-24-1 5226:The Daily Pioneer 5176:978-0-595-83748-9 5151:978-1-57607-089-5 5053:978-1-4828-9947-4 5028:978-0-8239-3180-4 4980:978-0-7914-0364-8 4955:978-0-385-53192-4 4927:978-0-8264-1913-2 4902:978-1-933316-42-0 4840:978-1-84511-520-3 4827:Pollock, Griselda 4777:978-1-85567-101-0 4666:978-0-7914-5305-6 4636:978-0-7377-4627-3 4595:978-0-88706-773-0 4545:www.wisdomlib.org 4525:978-0-14-306864-8 4475:www.wisdomlib.org 4437:978-0-14-306766-5 4410:978-0-19-533261-2 4368:www.wisdomlib.org 4294:www.wisdomlib.org 4219:Sarasvati Gayatri 4149:www.wisdomlib.org 4084:on 10 March 2016. 3812:on 27 April 2009. 3712:978-81-7017-406-6 3560:978-0-8239-3180-4 3522:978-0-7914-9049-5 3488:978-1-904832-77-5 3417:978-81-7625-064-1 3284: 3283: 3276: 3006: 2895:yang chen dröl ma 2740:Twenty-Four Devas 2706:Nepalese Buddhism 2700:Nepalese Buddhism 2594:According to the 2559:sources like the 2557:Mahayana Buddhist 2032:Jnaneshwari Peeth 2014:. In Tamil Nadu, 1642:Forms and avatars 1326:According to the 1298:Markandeya Purana 1250:. There, she met 1070:According to the 1034:Puranas like the 1010:Markandeya Purana 410:Sanskrit language 353:, revered as the 320: 319: 213:Sarasvatī Vandanā 16:(Redirected from 10141: 10129:Rigvedic deities 10099:Wisdom goddesses 10028:Kayin Maunghnama 9866:Five Mother nats 9841:White Horse nats 9743: 9742: 9677: 9644:Myaukhpet Shinma 9614:Mintha Maungshin 9506:Taungoo Mingaung 9450: 9443: 9436: 9427: 9426: 9413: 9412: 9403: 9393: 9392: 9382: 9381: 9292:Pilgrimage sites 9046:Ganesh Chaturthi 8761: 8760: 8556: 8555: 8537:Vedarthasamgraha 8532:Vinayagar Agaval 8497:Five Great Epics 8472:Divya Prabandham 8385:Minor Upanishads 8129: 8128: 8099: 8098: 8087: 8086: 7867: 7866: 7833: 7825: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7792: 7791: 7452: 7299: 7292: 7285: 7276: 7275: 6944: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6788: 6787: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6767: 6758: 6746: 6727: 6708: 6689: 6663: 6649:Tamil Literature 6642: 6633: 6614: 6591: 6582: 6561: 6542: 6519: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6301: 6292: 6291: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6076: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6019: 6013: 6012: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5940: 5934: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5919:on 7 April 2014. 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5888: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5826: 5820: 5817: 5808: 5801: 5795: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5631: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5521: 5515: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5497: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5438: 5435: 5426: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5408: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5299: 5290: 5289: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5008: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4823: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4719: 4713: 4703: 4697: 4690: 4684: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4650: 4641: 4640: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4427:The Book of Devi 4421: 4415: 4414: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4350: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4231: 4222: 4221:, siddhayoga.org 4215: 4209: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4178: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4116: 4113: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4074:Colbrooke, H.T. 4071: 4065: 4062: 4056: 4053: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3981: 3975: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3943: 3942: 3930: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3768: 3753: 3752: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3717: 3716: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3679:on 11 April 2021 3669: 3663: 3662: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3600: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3548: 3538: 3527: 3526: 3506: 3497: 3496: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3371:. 12 August 2024 3361: 3350: 3349: 3325: 3279: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3236: 3235: 3228: 3217: 3169: 3108: 3013: 3001: 2999: 2969:), an important 2968: 2955:Burmese Buddhism 2880: 2879:དབྱངས་ཅན་སྒྲོལ་མ 2856: 2810:(Sino-Japanese: 2603: 2484: 2237:pawukon calendar 2119:Sarasvati Puja, 2020:Sarasvati temple 1988:Wargal Sarasvati 1958: 1947: 1918:, alongside the 1916:Kashmiri Pandits 1889:Kashmiri Pandits 1684:, she takes her 1663: 1660: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1531: 1522: 1513: 1435: 1424: 1124:Bhagavata Purana 1122:A legend in the 1117:Bhagavata Purana 1108:Brahmanda Purana 1028:Brahmanda Purana 679: 678: 669: 668: 655: 654: 639: 638: 633: 623: 618: 614: 613: 601: 595: 590: 586: 585: 564:Kural literature 343: 332: 81: 43: 42: 21: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10064:Hindu goddesses 10049: 10048: 10047: 10042: 9988:Shinma Aungphyu 9973:Mogaung Kyawzwa 9902: 9861: 9840: 9834: 9816:Nine Towns nats 9811: 9789: 9785:Kwin Paing Ahpo 9768: 9734: 9678: 9669: 9463: 9459:and spirits of 9454: 9424: 9419: 9386: 9372: 9195: 9164: 9155:Vasant Panchami 9089:Pahela Baishakh 9071:Makar Sankranti 8990: 8925: 8832: 8748: 8651: 8541: 8522:Abhirami Antati 8492:Kamba Ramayanam 8453: 8339: 8296: 8259: 8181: 8155: 8118: 8088: 8075: 8059:Vishishtadvaita 7996: 7856: 7835: 7819: 7789: 7784: 7780:Hindu mythology 7766: 7677: 7595: 7453: 7444: 7312: 7303: 7273: 7268: 7250: 7234: 7164: 7114: 7056: 7017:Tripura Sundari 6993: 6945: 6936: 6854: 6841: 6836: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6782: 6772: 6770: 6762: 6749: 6737: 6734: 6724: 6711: 6705: 6692: 6686: 6673: 6670: 6668:Further reading 6660: 6630: 6611: 6579: 6558: 6539: 6508:, ed. (1911). " 6493: 6491: 6488: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6354: 6350: 6343: 6327: 6323: 6316: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6252:Myanmar (Burma) 6249: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6221: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6136: 6129: 6127: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6093: 6077: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6036: 6020: 6016: 6009: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5928: 5924: 5905: 5901: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5860:buddhaspace.org 5854: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5836:on 4 March 2016 5828: 5827: 5823: 5818: 5811: 5802: 5798: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5705: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5638: 5634: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5557: 5553: 5538:10.2307/4132114 5522: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5441: 5436: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5325: 5321: 5314: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5272: 5268: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5132: 5128: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5009: 5005: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4895:. p. 281. 4889: 4885: 4871: 4867: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4824: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4764: 4757: 4746: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4704: 4700: 4691: 4687: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4626:World Religions 4621: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4580: 4576: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4467: 4463: 4452: 4445: 4438: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4225: 4217:Sunil Bahirat, 4216: 4212: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3946: 3939: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3871:, p. 4333. 3869:Mohan Lal, 1992 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3824: 3817: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3786: 3782: 3769: 3756: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3699: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3615: 3601: 3594: 3584: 3582: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3539: 3530: 3523: 3507: 3500: 3489: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3353: 3346: 3326: 3293: 3289: 3280: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3249: 3243:has an unclear 3237: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3220: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3079: 3026: 2990:Thai literature 2951: 2824: 2774:Kawahara Shrine 2732: 2718: 2702: 2608:Avalokiteshvara 2534: 2509:) found in the 2482: 2406:version of the 2377: 2307: 2271: 2219: 2165:Vasant Panchami 2153: 2113: 2074: 2058: 2052: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1937: 1932: 1924:Amarnath Temple 1862: 1856: 1825: 1719: 1661: 1646:Many different 1644: 1605:Hindu mythology 1559: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1489:(mind, sense), 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1462:cultured marble 1438: 1437: 1436: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1414: 1346:, "darkness"). 1268: 1161:British Library 1153: 1120: 1060: 993: 925: 923:Epic literature 766:As part of the 729: 722: 686: 616: 588: 566:and its author 542: 513:Sarasvati River 487: 460:Vasant Panchami 426:Supreme Goddess 390:Sarasvati River 359:Vedic tradition 297:Vasant Panchami 288: 244: 194: 173: 126:transliteration 118: 87: 85:Raja Ravi Varma 71:Pancha Prakriti 60: 58:Sarasvati River 55: 53: 39: 32:Sarasvati River 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10147: 10137: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10079:Arts goddesses 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9958:Lay Kyun Maung 9955: 9950: 9945: 9943:Koe Thein Shin 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9914: 9912: 9908: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9875: 9869: 9867: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9851: 9848: 9844: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9833: 9832: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9819: 9817: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9776: 9774: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9749: 9747: 9740: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9691: 9689: 9680: 9679: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9667: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9599:Mandalay Bodaw 9596: 9591: 9585: 9580: 9578:Medaw Shwezaga 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9464: 9453: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9407: 9397: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9363: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9226: 9225: 9220: 9209: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9021: 9019:Raksha Bandhan 9016: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8933: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8842: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8758: 8754: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8661: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8649: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8564: 8562: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8463: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8370: 8360: 8355: 8349: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8273: 8271: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8230:Shvetashvatara 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8205:Brihadaranyaka 8202: 8197: 8191: 8189: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8163: 8161: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8105: 8103: 8102:Classification 8096: 8090: 8089: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8055: 8048: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8006: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7941: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7836: 7818: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7795: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7689: 7687: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7609: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7463: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7322: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7302: 7301: 7294: 7287: 7279: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7208:Devi Upanishad 7205: 7200: 7198:Sita Upanishad 7190: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7124: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7066: 7064: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6906: 6905: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6835: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6812: 6805: 6804: 6792: 6780: 6760: 6759: 6747: 6733: 6732:External links 6730: 6729: 6728: 6722: 6709: 6703: 6690: 6684: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6658: 6643: 6634: 6628: 6615: 6609: 6592: 6583: 6577: 6562: 6556: 6543: 6537: 6520: 6506:Chisholm, Hugh 6487: 6484: 6482: 6481: 6469: 6462: 6444: 6437: 6419: 6412: 6392: 6385: 6365: 6348: 6341: 6335:. Readworthy. 6321: 6314: 6293: 6286: 6268: 6261: 6242: 6235: 6215: 6190: 6165: 6151: 6118: 6098: 6091: 6071: 6041: 6034: 6014: 6007: 5987: 5980: 5960: 5935: 5922: 5913:The Open Court 5899: 5894:(PDF download) 5872: 5847: 5821: 5809: 5796: 5783: 5758: 5743: 5723: 5698: 5673: 5664: 5645: 5632: 5619: 5610: 5601: 5576: 5569: 5551: 5532:(4): 707–734. 5516: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5480: 5471: 5462: 5453: 5439: 5427: 5418: 5409: 5397: 5390: 5369: 5362: 5344: 5337: 5319: 5312: 5291: 5284: 5266: 5257:The Bali Times 5244: 5235: 5213: 5196:Times of India 5182: 5175: 5157: 5150: 5126: 5104: 5083: 5062: 5052: 5034: 5027: 5003: 4986: 4979: 4961: 4954: 4933: 4926: 4908: 4901: 4883: 4865: 4846: 4839: 4813: 4783: 4776: 4755: 4740: 4714: 4698: 4685: 4672: 4665: 4642: 4635: 4615: 4601: 4594: 4574: 4557: 4531: 4524: 4504: 4487: 4461: 4443: 4436: 4416: 4409: 4389: 4380: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4223: 4210: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4018:on 8 May 2015. 4003: 3994: 3976: 3967: 3958: 3944: 3937: 3912: 3905: 3885: 3883:, p. 129. 3873: 3861: 3835: 3815: 3797: 3780: 3754: 3733: 3731:, p. 192. 3718: 3711: 3690: 3664: 3646: 3628: 3613: 3592: 3566: 3559: 3528: 3521: 3498: 3487: 3460: 3448: 3423: 3416: 3399: 3382: 3351: 3344: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3245:citation style 3240: 3238: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3152:Saraswati yoga 3149: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3121: 3115: 3110:, Old Persian 3093: 3087: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3025: 3022: 2950: 2947: 2863:dbyangs can ma 2823: 2820: 2782:Chikubu Island 2728:Main article: 2717: 2714: 2701: 2698: 2555:In some later 2533: 2530: 2463:materia medica 2376: 2370: 2343:Prajñaparamita 2306: 2303: 2270: 2269:Southeast Asia 2267: 2218: 2215: 2169:Sarasvati Puja 2152: 2149: 2112: 2109: 2073: 2072:In south India 2070: 2066:Sarasvati Puja 2056:Saraswati Puja 2054:Main article: 2051: 2048: 1963: 1962: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1904:As one of the 1858:Main article: 1855: 1852: 1824: 1821: 1718: 1717:Maha Sarasvati 1715: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1704: 1662: 1150 CE 1643: 1640: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1542: 1535: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1517: 1515: 1508: 1506: 1440: 1439: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1358:Devi Upanishad 1267: 1264: 1185:Tarakamaya War 1179:as well as in 1152: 1149: 1119: 1113: 1059: 1056: 992: 989: 924: 921: 903:Gayatri Mantra 739:Vedic religion 728: 723: 721: 718: 705:Dharmashastras 685: 682: 541: 538: 486: 483: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 301:Sarasvati Puja 294: 290: 289: 287: 286: 281: 272: 270: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 250: 246: 245: 243: 242: 239: 236: 233: 227: 225: 219: 218: 217: 216: 209: 202: 196: 195: 193: 192: 187: 181: 179: 175: 174: 172: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 145: 143: 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 127: 120: 119: 117: 116: 113: 110: 107: 104: 101: 95: 93: 89: 88: 82: 74: 73: 62: 61: 52:Mother Goddess 51: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10146: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10023:Mani Maykhala 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9963:Ma Ngwe Taung 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9928:Beikthano Nat 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9918:Shin Upagutta 9916: 9915: 9913: 9911:Miscellaneous 9909: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9883: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9837: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9807:Ko Aung Naing 9805: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9741: 9737: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9676: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9568:Minye Aungdin 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9521:Shwe Nawrahta 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9480: 9476: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9446: 9444: 9439: 9437: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9416: 9408: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9396: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9375: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9356:Hindu temples 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9260:Hindu studies 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9230:Denominations 9228: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9202: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9040: 9039:Vijayadashami 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8856:Simantonayana 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8755: 8745: 8744: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8443: 8442:Yoga Vasistha 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8353:Bhagavad Gita 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8292:Sthapatyaveda 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8266: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8188: 8184: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8072: 8068: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7838: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7816: 7811: 7809: 7804: 7802: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7746: 7745:Bhagavad Gita 7742: 7741: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7680: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7600:Other deities 7598: 7592: 7591: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7456: 7451: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7306:Hindu deities 7300: 7295: 7293: 7288: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7188:Kalika Purana 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178:Devi Mahatmya 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148:Tulja Bhavani 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7120:Shakta pithas 7117: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7080:Chandraghanta 7078: 7076: 7075:Brahmacharini 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7059: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7022:Bhuvaneshvari 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6828: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6803: 6793: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6779: 6769: 6768: 6765: 6756: 6755:Stephen Knapp 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6723:1-877795-31-3 6719: 6715: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6696: 6691: 6687: 6685:2-88155-004-5 6681: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6661: 6659:90-04-04190-7 6655: 6651: 6650: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6629:81-87936-00-2 6625: 6621: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6570: 6569: 6563: 6559: 6557:81-208-1523-8 6553: 6549: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6507: 6502: 6501:public domain 6490: 6489: 6478: 6473: 6465: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6369: 6361: 6360: 6352: 6344: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6325: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6300: 6298: 6289: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6264: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6246: 6238: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6219: 6204: 6200: 6194: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6154: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6125: 6121: 6119:0-86171-192-0 6115: 6111: 6110: 6102: 6094: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6045: 6037: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6018: 6010: 6004: 6000: 5999: 5991: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5964: 5949: 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4919: 4912: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4887: 4879: 4878: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4768:Picturing God 4762: 4760: 4751: 4744: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4711: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4689: 4682: 4676: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4649: 4647: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4605: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4578: 4570: 4569: 4561: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4491: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4450: 4448: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4420: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4393: 4384: 4369: 4365: 4358: 4356: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4230: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4207: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4110: 4100: 4091: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4007: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3940: 3938:0-520-06339-2 3934: 3929: 3928: 3919: 3917: 3908: 3906:0-520-06339-2 3902: 3898: 3897: 3889: 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3119: 3116: 3113: 3112:Hara(h)uvati- 3109: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3055: 3052:, 1475–1500. 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2995: 2992:, Sarasvati ( 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2945: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2927:Je Tsongkhapa 2924: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2599: 2598: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2547: 2546:Indian Museum 2543: 2538: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2522:Bernard Faure 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252:Banyu Pinaruh 2248: 2246: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2223: 2214: 2212: 2209:In 2018, the 2207: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2123:, West Bengal 2122: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2101:Eḻuthiniruthu 2098: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1967: 1957: 1946: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1866: 1861: 1860:Sharada Peeth 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1790: 1788: 1787:Devi Mahatmya 1784: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740:Devi Mahatmya 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1667: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1636:enlightenment 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622:(also called 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1434: 1423: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328:Devi Mahatmya 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1307:) along with 1306: 1305: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1290:Glory of the 1287: 1286: 1285:Devi Mahatmya 1281: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1181:Skanda Purana 1178: 1173: 1171: 1162: 1157: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1130:, along with 1129: 1125: 1118: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1091:Matsya Purana 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Matsya Purana 1064: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1016:Matsya Purana 1012: 1011: 1006: 997: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 969: 963: 961: 956: 955: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 934: 930: 920: 918: 917: 913:In Book 2 of 910: 906: 904: 900: 895: 893: 889: 884: 882: 877: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 853: 848: 844: 842: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 801: 795: 793: 789: 785: 784: 779: 778: 773: 769: 764: 762: 757: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 735: 727: 717: 715: 711: 707: 706: 701: 700: 695: 691: 681: 673: 663: 659: 649: 648: 643: 632: 627: 622: 612:တိပိဋကမယ်တော် 608: 606: 600: 594: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 556: 553: 551: 547: 537: 535: 531: 530: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 508: 502: 500: 496: 492: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 463: 461: 457: 453: 452:Sharada Peeth 449: 448: 443: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 394:river goddess 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 342: 336: 328: 324: 316: 313: 309: 306: 302: 298: 295: 291: 285: 282: 279: 278: 274: 273: 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254: 251: 247: 240: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 226: 224: 220: 215: 214: 210: 208: 205: 204: 203: 201: 197: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 180: 176: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 146: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 121: 114: 111: 108: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 94: 90: 86: 80: 75: 72: 68: 63: 59: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 9968:Medaw Lay Ba 9923:Shin Thiwali 9882:Amay Yay Yin 9649:Anauk Mibaya 9619:Htibyuhsaung 9594:Maung Minbyu 9573:Shwe Sitthin 9563:Tabinshwehti 9547:Maungminshin 9526:Aungzwamagyi 9497:(Naga Medaw) 9366:Architecture 8969:Brahmacharya 8911:Samavartanam 8876:Annaprashana 8742: 8669: 8645: 8446: 8400:Dharmaśāstra 8390:Arthashastra 8225:Maitrayaniya 8057: 8050: 8043: 7965:Brahmacharya 7759: 7752: 7743: 7736: 7729: 7654:Gramadevatas 7588: 7471: 7437: 7157: 7110:Siddhidhatri 7032:Chhinnamasta 6929: 6872: 6754: 6742: 6713: 6694: 6675: 6648: 6638: 6619: 6596: 6587: 6567: 6547: 6524: 6513: 6477:Kelting 2001 6472: 6453: 6447: 6428: 6422: 6402: 6395: 6375: 6368: 6358: 6351: 6331: 6324: 6305: 6277: 6271: 6251: 6245: 6225: 6218: 6206:. 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1296: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1266:Shakta texts 1214: 1177:Padma Purana 1174: 1169: 1167: 1121: 1116: 1106: 1104: 1090: 1088: 1071: 1069: 1035: 1033: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1008: 1002: 966: 965:In the epic 964: 959: 954:Shanti Parva 952: 948: 946: 931: 926: 914: 912: 908: 898: 896: 891: 885: 880: 875: 871: 869: 856: 850: 839: 837: 832: 828: 824: 816: 812: 804: 798: 796: 781: 777:Atharva Veda 775: 771: 765: 760: 758: 751: 732: 730: 725: 703: 697: 687: 671: 661: 645: 603: 578: 572: 557: 554: 545: 543: 533: 527: 523: 521: 505: 503: 498: 494: 490: 488: 479:Tirthankaras 464: 445: 438: 383: 346: 338: 322: 321: 275: 211: 206: 40: 9993:Ma Phae Wah 9978:Mya Nan Nwe 9893:Myauk Medaw 9888:Taung Medaw 9878:Anauk Medaw 9873:Ashay Medaw 9839:Lord of the 9822:Ko Myo Shin 9759:Koyin Maung 9705:Maha Peinne 9666:(Ma Hnelay) 9639:Min Kyawzwa 9583:Maung Po Tu 9490:Hnamadawgyi 9415:WikiProject 9287:Persecution 9275:Nationalism 9265:Iconography 9145:Ratha Yatra 9056:Janmashtami 9051:Rama Navami 8979:Vanaprastha 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