444:
432:
477:
scaphoid bone back together at the most perpendicular angle possible to promote quicker and stronger healing of the bone. Internal fixation can be done dorsally with a percutaneous incision and arthroscopic assistance or via a minimal open dorsal approach, or via a volar approach in which case slight excavation of the edge of the trapezium bone may be necessary to reach the scaphoid as 80% of this bone is covered with articular cartilage, which makes it difficult to gain access to the scaphoid.
40:
300:
420:
312:
383:
273:
1215:
363:
1223:
464:
study, 439 patients were randomly allocated to either cast immobilisation or surgical fixation. There was no difference in the healing, pain and function or days off work between the two treatment groups, the cast immobilisation group had less complications and this treatment was more cost effective. The choice of short arm, short arm
469:
cast with the thumb left free. Non displaced or minimally displaced fracture can also be treated with percutaneous or minimal incision surgery which if performed correctly has a high union rate, low morbidity and faster return to activity than closed cast management. However this was not confirmed by the SWIFFT study.
472:
Fractures that are more proximal take longer to heal. It is expected the distal third will heal in 6 to 8 weeks, the middle third will take 8–12 weeks, and the proximal third will take 12–24 weeks. The
Scaphoid receives its blood supply primarily from lateral and distal branches of the radial artery.
463:
For non and minimally displaced fractures (up to 2mm) of the scaphoid waist, cast immobilisation (with surgical fixation for non-united fractures at 6 to 12 weeks) is as effective as immediate surgery fixation. This was demonstrated by the SWIFFT (Scaphoid Waist
Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial)
394:
and multiple views are obtained as standard. However, not all fractures are apparent initially. In 1/4 of cases, the clinical examination suggests a fracture, but the X-ray does not show it, even though there is indeed a fracture. Therefore, people with tenderness over the scaphoid (those who exhibit
476:
Percutaneous screw fixation is recommended over an open surgical approach when it is possible to achieve acceptable bone alignment closed as minimal incisions can preserves the palmar ligament complex and local vasculature, and help avoid soft tissue complications. This surgery includes screwing the
468:
or long arm cast is debated in the medical literature and no clear consensus or proof of the benefit of one type of casting or another has been shown; although it is generally accepted to use a short arm or short arm thumb spica for non displaced fractures. In the SWIFFT study most used a short arm
492:
In the aftermath, 90% of non-operated individuals return to sports, with 88% reaching their previous level. Among those who underwent surgery, the rate of returning to sports is 98%, and 96% return to their previous level. The average time observed for resuming sports is 14 weeks for non-operated
345:
can also occur from undiagnosed or undertreated scaphoid fractures. Arterial flow to the scaphoid enters via the distal pole and travels to the proximal pole. This blood supply is tenuous, increasing the risk of nonunion, particularly with fractures at the wrist and proximal end. If not treated
315:
Vascular supply of the scaphoid comes from two different vascular pedicles. 20-30% of the blood supply (a.) comes from the volar branch of the radial artery and enters the bone at the tubercle. 70-80% comes from (b.) the dorsal branch of the radial artery and travels towards the proximal pole.
353:
Symptoms may include aching in the wrist, decreased range of motion of the wrist, and pain during activities such as lifting or gripping. If x-ray results show arthritis due to an old break, the treatment plan will first focus on treating the arthritis through anti-inflammatory medications and
501:
Fractures of the scaphoid are common in young males. They are less common in children and older adults because the distal radius is weaker contributor to the wrist and more likely to fracture in these age groups. Scaphoid fractures account for 50%-80% of carpal injuries.
473:
Blood flows from the top/distal end of the bone in a retrograde fashion down to the proximal pole; if this blood flow is disrupted by a fracture, the bone may not heal. Surgery is necessary at this point to mechanically mend the bone together.
354:
wearing a splint when an individual feels pain in the wrist. If these treatments do not help the symptoms of arthritis, steroid injections to the wrist may help alleviate pain. Should these treatments not work, surgery may be required.
1204:
Slade JF 3rd, Gutow AP, Geissler WB. Percutaneous internal fixation of scaphoid fractures via an arthroscopically assisted dorsal approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A Suppl 2:21-36. doi:10.2106/00004623-200200002-00003
325:(AVN) is one complication of scaphoid fracture. Since the scaphoid receives its arterial supply in a retrograde fashion (i.e. from distal to proximal pole), the part proximal to the fracture is usually affected.
1395:
1380:
459:
Treatment of scaphoid fractures is guided by the location in the bone of the fracture (proximal, waist, distal), displacement (or instability) of the fracture, and patient tolerance for cast immobilization.
689:
443:
287:
Focal tenderness is usually present in one of three places: 1) volar prominence at the distal wrist for distal pole fractures; 2) anatomic snuff box for waist or midbody fractures; 3) distal to
405:
for 7–10 days at which point a second set of X-rays is taken. If a minimally displaced fracture was present initially, healing will now be apparent. Even then a fracture may not be apparent. A
374:
system, there are three main types of scaphoid fractures. 10%-20% of fractures are at the proximal pole, 60%-80% are at the waist (middle), and the remainder occur at the distal pole.
1058:"Surgery versus cast immobilisation for adults with a bicortical fracture of the scaphoid waist (SWIFFT): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, randomised superiority trial"
370:
Fractures of scaphoid can occur either with direct axial compression or with hyperextension of the wrist, such as a fall on the palm on an outstretched hand. Using the
681:
409:
can then be used to evaluate the scaphoid with greater resolution. The use of MRI, if available, is preferred over CT and can give one an immediate diagnosis.
230:
Scaphoid fractures are most commonly caused by a fall on an outstretched hand. Diagnosis is generally based on a combination of clinical examination and
238:. In such cases the affected area may be immobilised in a splint or cast and reviewed with repeat X-rays in two weeks, or alternatively an
510:
These are also called navicular fractures (the scaphoid also being called the carpal navicular), although this can be confused with the
431:
1057:
640:
Tada K, Ikeda K, Okamoto S, Hachinota A, Yamamoto D, Tsuchiya H (2015). "Scaphoid
Fracture--Overview and Conservative Treatment".
1112:"Surgical fixation compared with cast immobilisation for adults with a bicortical fracture of the scaphoid waist: the SWIFFT RCT"
257:
is generally sufficient. If the fracture is displaced then surgery is generally recommended. Healing may take up to six months.
761:
556:
1579:
2102:
1484:
841:
1972:
803:
1345:
936:
1728:
1647:
140:
1733:
613:
Phillips TG, Reibach AM, Slomiany WP (September 2004). "Diagnosis and management of scaphoid fractures".
1622:
1497:
419:
239:
120:
1957:
1723:
1627:
1574:
211:. Symptoms generally includes pain at the base of the thumb which is worse with use of the hand. The
144:
335:
Waist fractures in the middle third is the most frequent fracture site and has moderate risk of AVN.
391:
366:
Scaphoid fractures occur in three locations: (A) Distal tubercle, (B) waist, and (C) proximal pole.
2097:
1803:
1788:
1477:
1457:
78:
1773:
1617:
1554:
371:
136:
131:
1056:
Dias JJ, Brealey SD, Fairhurst C, Amirfeyz R, Bhowal B, Blewitt N, et al. (August 2020).
1981:
1916:
1837:
1632:
1986:
1952:
1798:
397:
347:
288:
281:
212:
8:
1842:
1793:
1783:
1637:
1564:
1531:
1521:
1516:
1399:
1110:
Dias J, Brealey S, Cook L, Fairhurst C, Hinde S, Leighton P, et al. (October 2020).
2071:
2061:
1991:
1757:
1642:
1470:
1314:
1287:
1187:
1136:
1111:
1088:
1027:
1000:
976:
951:
729:
704:
321:
220:
87:
68:
61:
1076:
449:
Radiolucency around a 12 days old scaphoid fracture that was initially barely visible.
1962:
1911:
1870:
1778:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1602:
1511:
1341:
1319:
1288:"Return to sport following scaphoid fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
1268:
1179:
1175:
1141:
1092:
1080:
1032:
981:
914:
847:
837:
809:
799:
734:
657:
622:
410:
402:
114:
52:
1429:
1404:
1191:
2020:
2010:
1943:
1933:
1926:
1832:
1743:
1714:
1672:
1559:
1309:
1299:
1258:
1171:
1131:
1123:
1072:
1022:
1012:
971:
963:
904:
866:
753:
724:
716:
649:
548:
1435:
720:
2051:
1906:
1901:
1875:
1862:
1769:
1612:
1594:
1584:
1536:
1462:
999:
Jarraya M, Hayashi D, Roemer FW, Crema MD, Diaz L, Conlin J, et al. (2013).
254:
231:
172:
1432:
952:"Diagnosing suspected scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
253:
during certain activities. In those in whom the fracture remains well aligned a
2066:
2056:
1921:
1892:
1847:
1607:
1569:
1041:
511:
486:
413:
is also an effective method for diagnosis fracture which do not appear on Xray.
342:
1438:
1389:
967:
932:
653:
2091:
2043:
2001:
1852:
1819:
1762:
1752:
1526:
1493:
1263:
1246:
909:
892:
851:
813:
304:
204:
200:
39:
1452:
2029:
1705:
1667:
1323:
1304:
1272:
1183:
1145:
1084:
1036:
985:
918:
738:
661:
626:
261:
250:
158:
57:
1017:
299:
1247:"Controversies and best practices for acute scaphoid fracture management"
893:"Controversies and best practices for acute scaphoid fracture management"
465:
235:
2076:
1546:
1162:
Gutow AP (August 2007). "Percutaneous fixation of scaphoid fractures".
1372:
933:"BestBets: Magnetic resonance imaging of suspected scaphoid fractures"
215:
is generally tender and swelling may occur. Complications may include
1424:
1127:
243:
224:
184:
124:
91:
311:
382:
332:
Fractures in the proximal third have a high incidence of AVN (~30%)
216:
83:
1001:"Radiographically occult and subtle fractures: a pictorial review"
406:
1384:
272:
148:
208:
47:
An X-ray showing a fracture through the waist of the scaphoid
1055:
798:. Rosemont, Ill.: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
338:
Fractures in the distal third are rarely complicated by AVN.
1164:
The
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
362:
386:
Fracture of the tubercle of the scaphoid bone of the wrist
1659:
998:
639:
437:
A more obvious scaphoid fracture on a scaphoid view X ray
346:
correctly non-union of the scaphoid fracture can lead to
303:
Scaphoid pseudarthrosis, before and after treatment with
1109:
705:"Avascular necrosis of the distal pole of the scaphoid"
612:
836:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.
328:
Risk of AVN depends on the location of the fracture.
1453:
AAFP: Diagnosis and
Management of Scaphoid Fractures
1362:
1285:
493:individuals and 7 weeks for those who had surgery.
33:
Carpal scaphoid fracture, carpal navicular fracture
1492:
1157:
1155:
831:
709:Case Reports in Plastic Surgery & Hand Surgery
1286:Goffin JS, Liao Q, Robertson GA (February 2019).
2089:
950:Yin ZG, Zhang JB, Kan SL, Wang XG (March 2010).
1152:
949:
675:
673:
671:
280:People with scaphoid fractures generally have
264:. Males are affected more often than females.
1478:
1051:
1049:
390:Scaphoid fractures are often diagnosed using
234:. Some fractures may not be visible on plain
1251:The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
897:The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
1330:
760:. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.
702:
668:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
1485:
1471:
1046:
956:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
38:
16:Fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist
1313:
1303:
1262:
1244:
1135:
1026:
1016:
975:
908:
890:
728:
249:The fracture may be preventable by using
832:Egol KA, Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD (2015).
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
381:
361:
310:
298:
271:
793:
571:
73:Pain at the base of the thumb, swelling
2090:
1340:. Thieme New York. 2003. p. 188.
559:from the original on 24 September 2017
223:of the proximal part of the bone, and
1466:
1161:
1105:
1103:
764:from the original on December 7, 2015
751:
633:
524:
267:
1580:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
1213:
827:
825:
823:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
679:
13:
1973:Combined tibia and fibula fracture
1100:
796:Essentials of musculoskeletal care
489:) can occur in 2 to 5% of cases.
260:It is the most commonly fractured
14:
2114:
1358:
864:
820:
776:
395:pain to pressure in the anatomic
189:Healing may take up to six months
1245:Suh N, Grewal R (January 2018).
1176:10.5435/00124635-200708000-00004
939:from the original on 2010-06-16.
891:Suh N, Grewal R (January 2018).
754:"Scaphoid Fracture of the Wrist"
703:Tokyay A, Gunal I (2015-01-20).
692:from the original on 2013-10-29.
549:"Scaphoid Fracture of the Wrist"
442:
430:
418:
294:
1279:
1238:
1207:
1198:
1005:Radiology Research and Practice
992:
943:
925:
884:
496:
1648:Vertebral compression fracture
858:
745:
696:
505:
1:
1338:Beasley's Surgery of the Hand
1216:"Percutaneous Screw Fixation"
1077:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30931-4
721:10.3109/23320885.2015.1006633
517:
291:for proximal pole fractures.
1292:World Journal of Orthopedics
1116:Health Technology Assessment
480:
454:
377:
357:
109:Fall on an outstretched hand
7:
1458:Wheeless: Scaphoid fracture
871:Radiology Reference Article
141:De Quervain's tenosynovitis
10:
2119:
2103:Injuries of wrist and hand
1623:Craniocervical instability
425:A subtle scaphoid fracture
401:) are often splinted in a
2042:
2019:
2000:
1971:
1958:Le Fort fracture of ankle
1942:
1891:
1884:
1861:
1818:
1742:
1713:
1704:
1681:
1658:
1628:Flexion teardrop fracture
1593:
1575:Le Fort fracture of skull
1545:
1504:
1415:
1366:
968:10.1007/s11999-009-1081-6
654:10.1142/S0218810415400018
615:American Family Physician
183:
164:
154:
145:scapholunate dissociation
130:
113:
105:
97:
77:
67:
51:
46:
37:
29:
24:
1264:10.1177/1753193417735973
910:10.1177/1753193417735973
101:Proximal, medial, distal
1804:Essex-Lopresti fracture
1734:Holstein–Lewis fracture
1618:Clay-shoveler fracture
1555:Basilar skull fracture
1305:10.5312/wjo.v10.i2.101
387:
372:Herbert classification
367:
317:
308:
277:
137:Distal radius fracture
132:Differential diagnosis
1982:Trimalleolar fracture
834:Handbook of fractures
385:
365:
314:
302:
275:
119:Examination, X-rays,
1987:Bimalleolar fracture
1953:Maisonneuve fracture
682:"Scaphoid fractures"
348:wrist osteoarthritis
276:Anatomical snuff box
1638:Holdsworth fracture
1565:Mandibular fracture
1532:Pathologic fracture
1522:Greenstick fracture
1517:Chalkstick fracture
1226:on December 8, 2015
1018:10.1155/2013/370169
794:Sarwark JF (2010).
1917:Toddler's fracture
1758:Monteggia fracture
1643:Jefferson fracture
1633:Hangman's fracture
1416:External resources
1071:(10248): 390–401.
388:
368:
322:Avascular necrosis
318:
309:
278:
268:Signs and symptoms
246:may be performed.
221:avascular necrosis
88:avascular necrosis
62:emergency medicine
2085:
2084:
2038:
2037:
1963:Bosworth fracture
1912:Gosselin fracture
1871:Duverney fracture
1814:
1813:
1683:Shoulder fracture
1603:Cervical fracture
1512:Avulsion fracture
1448:
1447:
873:. Radiopaedia.org
867:"Scaphoid series"
411:Bone scintigraphy
392:plain radiographs
289:Lister's tubercle
219:of the fracture,
213:anatomic snuffbox
197:scaphoid fracture
193:
192:
115:Diagnostic method
25:Scaphoid fracture
19:Medical condition
2110:
2021:Femoral fracture
2011:Patella fracture
1944:Fibular fracture
1934:Tillaux fracture
1927:Plafond fracture
1889:
1888:
1744:Forearm fracture
1715:Humerus fracture
1711:
1710:
1673:Sternal fracture
1560:Blowout fracture
1498:cartilage damage
1487:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1222:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1128:10.3310/hta24520
1107:
1098:
1096:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1020:
996:
990:
989:
979:
947:
941:
940:
929:
923:
922:
912:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
862:
856:
855:
829:
818:
817:
791:
774:
773:
771:
769:
752:Jones B (2010).
749:
743:
742:
732:
700:
694:
693:
677:
666:
665:
637:
631:
630:
610:
569:
568:
566:
564:
545:
446:
434:
422:
42:
22:
21:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2034:
2015:
1996:
1992:Pott's fracture
1967:
1938:
1907:Segond fracture
1902:Bumper fracture
1880:
1876:Pipkin fracture
1863:Pelvic fracture
1857:
1810:
1770:Radius fracture
1738:
1700:
1677:
1654:
1613:Chance fracture
1595:Spinal fracture
1589:
1585:Zygoma fracture
1541:
1537:Spiral fracture
1500:
1491:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1411:
1410:
1375:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1284:
1280:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1160:
1153:
1108:
1101:
1060:
1054:
1047:
997:
993:
948:
944:
931:
930:
926:
889:
885:
876:
874:
863:
859:
844:
843:978-145119362 6
830:
821:
806:
792:
777:
767:
765:
750:
746:
701:
697:
678:
669:
638:
634:
611:
572:
562:
560:
547:
546:
525:
520:
508:
499:
483:
457:
450:
447:
438:
435:
426:
423:
380:
360:
297:
270:
232:medical imaging
175:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2116:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2098:Bone fractures
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1922:Pilon fracture
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1893:Tibia fracture
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Burst fracture
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Nasal fracture
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1392:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:Classification
1360:
1359:External links
1357:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1329:
1298:(2): 101–114.
1278:
1237:
1206:
1197:
1170:(8): 474–485.
1151:
1099:
1045:
991:
962:(3): 723–734.
942:
924:
883:
857:
842:
819:
805:978-0892035793
804:
775:
744:
695:
667:
648:(2): 204–209.
632:
621:(5): 879–884.
570:
555:. March 2016.
522:
521:
519:
516:
512:navicular bone
507:
504:
498:
495:
487:pseudarthrosis
482:
479:
456:
453:
452:
451:
448:
441:
439:
436:
429:
427:
424:
417:
379:
376:
359:
356:
340:
339:
336:
333:
296:
293:
269:
266:
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
134:
128:
127:
117:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
81:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2044:Foot fracture
2041:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:Crus fracture
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
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1932:
1928:
1925:
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1887:
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1877:
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1869:
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1854:
1853:Broken finger
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1820:Hand fracture
1817:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:Distal radius
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:Hume fracture
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:Ulna fracture
1751:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Supracondylar
1727:
1725:
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1528:
1527:Open fracture
1525:
1523:
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1513:
1510:
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1503:
1499:
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1220:AO Foundation
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1173:
1169:
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1158:
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1129:
1125:
1122:(52): 1–234.
1121:
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523:
515:
514:in the foot.
513:
503:
494:
490:
488:
485:A non-union (
478:
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467:
461:
445:
440:
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428:
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384:
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364:
355:
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344:
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331:
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313:
306:
305:Herbert screw
301:
295:Complications
292:
290:
285:
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274:
265:
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258:
256:
252:
247:
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241:
237:
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228:
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222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:scaphoid bone
202:
198:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:Not displaced
167:
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146:
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133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
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96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
80:
79:Complications
76:
72:
70:
66:
63:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
23:
2030:Hip fracture
1827:
1706:Arm fracture
1668:Rib fracture
1423:
1394:
1379:
1337:
1332:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1230:November 30,
1228:. Retrieved
1224:the original
1219:
1214:Kastelec M.
1209:
1200:
1167:
1163:
1119:
1115:
1068:
1064:
1008:
1004:
994:
959:
955:
945:
927:
900:
896:
886:
875:. Retrieved
870:
860:
833:
795:
768:November 30,
766:. Retrieved
757:
747:
715:(2): 40–42.
712:
708:
698:
686:UpToDate.com
685:
645:
642:Hand Surgery
641:
635:
618:
614:
561:. Retrieved
552:
509:
500:
497:Epidemiology
491:
484:
475:
471:
462:
458:
396:
389:
369:
352:
341:
327:
320:
319:
286:
284:tenderness.
279:
259:
251:wrist guards
248:
229:
196:
194:
176:
168:
159:Wrist guards
58:Hand surgery
1789:Chauffeur's
1436:plastic/318
1257:(1): 4–12.
903:(1): 4–12.
680:deWeber K.
506:Terminology
466:thumb spica
403:thumb spica
262:carpal bone
30:Other names
2092:Categories
2077:Broken toe
1011:: 370169.
877:2021-08-30
758:Ortho Info
563:12 October
518:References
155:Prevention
2072:Calcaneal
2062:Cuneiform
1838:Bennett's
1494:Fractures
1433:radio/747
1430:emerg/844
1425:eMedicine
1093:221014238
1042:CC-BY 3.0
865:Jones J.
852:960851324
814:706805938
481:Prognosis
455:Treatment
398:snuff box
378:Diagnosis
358:Mechanism
343:Non union
244:bone scan
225:arthritis
185:Prognosis
179:: Surgery
177:Displaced
165:Treatment
125:bone scan
92:arthritis
53:Specialty
2052:Lisfranc
1828:Scaphoid
1799:Barton's
1779:Galeazzi
1724:Proximal
1696:Scapular
1691:Clavicle
1324:30788227
1273:29027844
1192:33543861
1184:17664367
1146:33109331
1085:32771106
1037:23577253
986:19756904
937:Archived
919:29027844
762:Archived
739:27252968
690:Archived
662:26051761
627:15368727
557:Archived
282:snuffbox
217:nonunion
147:, wrist
84:Nonunion
69:Symptoms
1848:Busch's
1843:Boxer's
1833:Rolando
1794:Smith's
1784:Colles'
1505:General
1439:pmr/127
1315:6379737
1137:7681317
1028:3613077
977:2816764
730:4623543
407:CT Scan
207:in the
203:of the
1344:
1322:
1312:
1271:
1190:
1182:
1144:
1134:
1091:
1083:
1065:Lancet
1035:
1025:
984:
974:
917:
850:
840:
812:
802:
737:
727:
660:
625:
316:
236:X-rays
149:sprain
106:Causes
2067:March
2057:Jones
1390:S62.0
1188:S2CID
1089:S2CID
1061:(PDF)
209:wrist
201:break
199:is a
98:Types
1660:Ribs
1547:Head
1496:and
1400:9-CM
1342:ISBN
1320:PMID
1269:PMID
1232:2015
1180:PMID
1142:PMID
1081:PMID
1033:PMID
1009:2013
982:PMID
915:PMID
848:OCLC
838:ISBN
810:OCLC
800:ISBN
770:2015
735:PMID
658:PMID
623:PMID
565:2017
553:AAOS
255:cast
173:Cast
1885:Leg
1407:.x1
1405:814
1396:ICD
1381:ICD
1310:PMC
1300:doi
1259:doi
1172:doi
1132:PMC
1124:doi
1073:doi
1069:396
1023:PMC
1013:doi
972:PMC
964:doi
960:468
905:doi
725:PMC
717:doi
650:doi
242:or
240:MRI
121:MRI
2094::
1428::
1403::
1388::
1385:10
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1308:.
1296:10
1294:.
1290:.
1267:.
1255:43
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646:20
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195:A
171::
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307:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
